So we can pretty much look at this as the end of he didn't no mix. I'm out Let's go.  We got to kick him How's he going everybody? Dotto do I hear back with some more dragon ball fighters ranked matches this time playing another suggested team of Android 17 Dragon Ball Super Broly and Yamcha you already know I love playing 17 But I actually have never played him with Dragon Ball Super Broly mostly because yeah, I just considered them both I'm gonna go for it. Oh, no, I with to see that's the thing I'm not really good at using a Super Broly's assist at all Especially with 17, but that time I just jumped away too high. What's oh, I was gonna say does that work? Oh If I could just get in all right, I'm a double tag Best Broly color by the way, well except maybe the OG saying no buttons. Okay. I was checking the buttons 6m. Okay, there's the vanish Why did I go in? Oh because I knew it would work. Mm-hmm. I you know it maybe it would have worked. I Don't know why I didn't switch. I'm gonna do it now catches trunks. No the vanish was caught. Drop me. Thank you Don't really want to play with Yamcha. I gotta be honest with this team I don't think I want Yamcha out. So let's try to do you know what hold on hold on I'm gonna go for I'm gonna go for this mid-screen. Yep. All right Let's just get the damage boost now. I know it's gonna cost us three early bars But you know might as well Plus if we get a read. Oh, that'll feel good. So does he jump here? Nope. No, he doesn't and I need to be stopped apparently. I Refuse to believe this happened and I'm going to spark. I Have to spark this too much blue health not to no assist Forgot I didn't have a beam. That's the thing. I usually only run Dragon Ball Super Broly with that team Let's go 17 with the assist. I'm sorry. I slept on you guard cancel out. I really should start guard canceling with 17 That could have comboed no No, I could have comboed it to EX will fake fist and Here we go Here we go guy hit by the Vegeta. We're gonna take a few key blasts to the face But then I'm up and I'm out. Oh Just like I said up and out wasn't as clean but you know Pretty much bringing the DP user behind the back All right timing is gonna have to be a little adjusted on that. That's fine. We're still learning. I Didn't even get to all I did. Yes got to charge the power blitz So now I can use that whenever I want to stop a little Super Dash or just throw it out randomly Boy, oh boy. Do I regret doing that? Oh?  Yeah, we're good unless he sparks not gonna spark gonna gonna spend a bar though Throw me way into the corner All right, what are the odds that I wake up and bury of this? No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no There's no odds change the future almost ended my life. No the dragon rush will Wow, the patience on that man did not run in there Gotta remember this is a rose a match. I need these points.  Oh We were not next to the corner. Oh He keeps trying that I don't think that's plus you need to assist to hold me down Okay, we're gonna go here and then just level three real quick keep that corner now. He's got to make a read Does he click DP? I don't think he's got the frames. Let's be honest.  Let's go. We already switched as well. Let's go Sleep level one how much damage does it do not enough? Let's go again. Is this a kill? I think it is hold on wait vanish. What's the max punish? I can get here not looking like it's gonna be a lot He thought he could just uptake and get away hide now you got to uptake and click some buttons, bro I'm gonna stop you. Oh, no Armor not a fan. He didn't do anything Why did you do a normal key blast jump jump bro jump jump jump? No, there was I missed it Missed the jump level three won't kill here, but we are gonna have to take a mix and I don't know if we're gonna live that So we could pretty much look at this as the end of he didn't no mix. I'm out the EX grab that should kill him automatically Right now. We got to kick him It does combo so I mean that was fine if it didn't kill I just kind of wanted it to because I have dropped that that confirmed after a lot So it's not like it was a guaranteed thing for me But 4,000 points starting to set off strong kind of hard to believe that was all one match considering how long it was But even when I got the gatlings. No super dash Okay, I can respect it a Lot of damage here gonna be honest. Oh and a late super dash for me means we don't clash We are we are stuck in this corner Guard cancel looking like a good up. Just let me out I'm surprised. I didn't get hit right there. I thought for sure it was coming, but let's give Vegeta out. I'm kind of Let's go is it light Could have done so much more. Hold on. Let's try this again. I don't think it was light. I think it is medium I'm just doing the combo too slow. I'm trying to do some some some of the more optimal Broly stuff these days Wow that ain't the whole beam That's pretty good. I Just can't get this. Okay guard cancel. Oh punish. We are dead. We are so big drops That was pretty sick. I'm very surprised he blocked that and I'm very surprised I was talking talking while I was about to play some defense. That's crazy crazy. How I did that to myself. Oh Got hit by the legs by that. I still think that's such a great move for go on that Elb Just being like a toe step real quick. That is sick No, I gave up so much. Damn it. That's fine. I Didn't think it'd be fine, but it was I'm gonna level three. Oh, he just blocked He just blocked. Where was the pressure? Where was the button mashing? I guess that's a Me thing, huh? They have five bars doesn't look like he's gonna drop it. He's saving that money. Just never mind I I'm no stranger to bad beams myself I'm real glad he didn't throw out any assist though because I was definitely just looking for some free freebie damage Five bars. Can you get through sparking? I'm gonna give that one a heart. Yes, actually, but he drops it again. Oh The unlucky the drops from this guy has been insane I'm just gonna level three with Broly. Why not might as well try to enjoy the damage boost while he's still alive With the almost zero healthy has and then back up Did spark that was that was disrespectful. That was what he did right there was this But that was also very Dragon Ball I'm actually you don't see a lot of people do like hold the vanish to punish the beam At least just by standing there. They don't Freely, okay. That was nice. The lights came through for him Unfortunate vanish time. Oh trunks, please stop with your good desist Wow standing heavy got me. Oh We are dead. Oh, we are big dead. Yep Yep, yep, I Need to be stopped. Okay. We need to win these next two matches for the points We got to do it for the points of it all. We're so close to 1300 Or not 1300 but 13 whatever How much is it? Yeah, okay. Yeah, I Dude the points in this game goes so high for some reason Like you you could scale them back, but we you know the big numbers nice. Oh, I'm gonna do this Yep, I'm just hit him with the classic real quick real quick 17 in the corner. What's the mix? Does he? No, I clicked two lights. I should have back rolled with 17 Drops it. That was that was a little far away for the conversion and I'm out. Okay We did get 17 out, but at what cost y'all just back in the corner. Oh, and he's out. Let's go Let's go That that gets such a high success rate in the corners. I Am getting hit by way too many guard cancels. It's because I'm doing too much doing too much. I'm blocking not staggering enough Which to be fair, you know, y'all to makes that pretty difficult. Hold on I could get out of this. I could get out of this y'all to get up nice and we just vanish away, baby No, oh the drops even 17s assist actually work. That was sick That was an aggressive turn around auto combo, but I will take that Let's go. Oh, I wasted that that did not require three bars. That was not a good set up Not a great setup by me. I was like, come on. When is this gonna kill two bars in and it's not working Yamcha assist should have thrown it out there.  We just well, I mean, let's all right. Let's not call. Let's call it What it is our y'all just looking a little where our y'all should could look better. That doesn't mean much though Yo, when is that gonna work for me? I don't know. I know I'm doing it wrong I just don't know what aspect I've got wrong Stop that stop that Okay We could play the being game. We could play that Let's go. Let's go, dude. Nice Okay, just got to kill this Vegeta. Let's focus. Let's bring it in. Do we try to make a read? No, he's gonna do the kick No, no kick. Okay. Oh We got him now boys. We got him in the corner now. I'm just gonna go for Let's go. Let's go. Let's talk. Let's talk about that dragon rush, huh? Level three raw. I'm going in. I'm going absolutely in reads Nope I can't believe he got a successful kick in I feel like I was specifically looking out for that kick this entire set All right, I mean he will get knocked down, but I don't think the knockdown is good enough to wow He was the jump back Not close enough Okay, okay, not too bad Give me that give me that real quick. I'm gonna vanish here. Just see what we could get done Oh, I should have done another key blast. Hold on. We can still win this No, that works. Just bring him here No, I can't believe it. I couldn't breathe there for a second because let's be if that vanish didn't kill I lost that set. I'm not even well. Oh, wow. I said set I lost that game that game was done if I got hit Damn though. Why is this this is so it's a feel like these games are going so long Maybe it's because I feel like I haven't actually been hitting a too many high-powered combos with this team So every hit matters a lot more. Oh Hold on. We did get the we did get the basics done right there really early there that early of a spark though He keeps missing that Guard cancel actually works out for us this time. He's gonna vanish. That's fine. Oh, he keeps super dashing Why did he super that's that close? I thought that could have been a sick punish Wow, I can't believe that cocked it. I hold on He's he's rushing me down right now the early game spark was for this. He wanted to ship that moment of this much Let's go. I'll ship. So let me ship EP. There it is. He's finally gonna start throwing him out No, not during the sparking time, dude, you know, I'm trying to get aggressive Okay, hold on we can still make something happen here. Unfortunately.  Oh, there it is. We got an opening 17 time Again, see this is what I mean with the beam. The beam is uh, let's go. I tried it I try to get a little fancy. I tried it. Oh Unfortunate unfortunate. This is getting real unfortunate. Oh wait, hold on a little better. Wow. Why did that hit? Haha For those of you wondering that was supposed to be a super that just didn't work You're done for this isn't enough to kill Please tell me I didn't mean okay. I thought I gave that way too much time But you know, I just wanted to see how the super settled. All right, he's getting red It would have worked Wow, no blocks. He thought I was gonna grab. All right. I think he's afraid of the grab now Let's go No super dashing no DPs No days off No days off I just ready got down. I mean like great Brothers come at me, huh? Dude, I'm I don't know what to do here. I'm gonna level three again again. It got fun Was that twice the set that I did the night did wake up level three? Oh No, I'm starting to think I'm painting a pretty bad picture of myself. All right. He's gonna super dash here It's just a question of when Okay, try to bite too much time Try to buy too much time at the jar. Oh, I promise you I didn't know it was gonna lag when I dragon rushed I don't know if the frames affected that but I feel pretty bad now the one dragon rush I did all gave it it lacked He just loves the ex kick dude. He just loves that option on the back. I already had some Let's go the barrier Landed on the down heavy that's gonna do it three one I believe and the points, you know, I think we came away positive with the points Hopefully you guys enjoyed this video if you did Let me know your favorite moment down below in the comments and while you're down there Make sure to the like button and subscribe to stay up to date on everything we do here Also, make sure to check out some of the other videos on your screen right now If they do catch your eye other than that, I've been Dr. Doya Thank you so much for watching this video and I will see you in the next one


So I'm going to introduce our official wealth and work. I got some stuff to read here, but I'm going to have my own stuff later. What's different is the native South Dakota, born and raised on a grain livestock farm in eastern South Dakota, began its 36-year conservation career in Montana. As a student trainee for the soil conservation service in 1983 while attending the University of Montana. After graduating with a degree of range and management, he worked in three Montana field offices as a soil conservation and district conservationist. He transferred to Iowa in 1988, worked in two area offices and the Des Moines State Office. He served as an assistant state conservationist for field office operations in Southwest Iowa. He served several details in NRCS national headquarters in the South Dakota State Conservation since 2012. Jeff and his wife Kim have one son and twin daughters as well being blessed with four-graded grandchildren. In spare time, Jeff and Joey spend time outdoors, traveling his wife, and time with his family. You know, this organization of which we're quite proud doesn't happen unless somebody has an idea. It doesn't just go poof and happen. Somebody has to think of this. And Jeff was the guy that thought of it. And what we've been able to accomplish in our four-year, five-year history, four and a half, doesn't just happen. We have to have support. We have to have partners. We have to have finances. We have to have ideas. We have had all of that from Jeff Zimperich. So you've all heard this story saying, I'm from the government and I'm here to help you. Jeff Zimperich is from the government and he has been of much help to us. So would you please welcome Jeff Zimperich, our state comrade. Thanks, Dennis. I got my own mic. I hope I'm coming through okay. Is it loud enough in the back? It should be. Good. I got thumbs up. Perfect. I'm going to stay off the stage. You heard 36 years. It's actually 37 now. I might fall off the stage. So I just better stay on the ground. It's a little safer down here. I can move around a little bit. But hey, it's great to be with you. I'm kind of like an opening act and that's great because my job is to maybe just tell you a little bit. But I think right out of the gate what I'm going to do is try to get some feedback from you. So I'm going to share just a few quick thoughts with you. And then we're going to put you to work, okay? But that work might pay off for you as well. So I want to walk through just a few things. What a year. Dennis brought up 2019, right? I almost feel guilty talking a little bit about 2019. But there's going to be some bright spots as I do. So it was a challenging year. Many of you know it well. It really started in 18. We had a wet fall. We had a heck of a spring. All kinds of messes going on. We had a hard time getting our crops in the ground, getting them planted. Then it came to harvest. We had another wet fall and some of that even didn't get harvested. Some of it's still in the field. I know in my travels across our great state I still see some corn, a few sunflowers still in the field. I think most of the beans are out. A year like no other. I mean, when you look at the records and everything, it told us that there was just a heck of a lot going on. So in a lot of ways you see a lot of producers talking about 2019, hoping that we never have a year like it. And I think that's true. But I also think that there's some things that we can learn from 2019. We know we had a day lose. We know we had a ton of water. Just exceptional amounts, many places, records that we've never seen before. But yet in all of that, South Dakota reached a milestone. And all the time that we've been tracking cropping systems and especially tillage systems and planting systems, this year for the first time South Dakota reached the milestone of planting 50% of our crop land using no-till methods. Amazing. Congratulations to all of you. I would share that more of these details are available in what we call our cropping systems inventory. And if you stop in at your local NRCS field office, you'll be able to pick up a copy of that. I would also tell you, ask them if they have the 2017 one available as well because it's going to be... I'm going to kind of paint a picture of the story of two tails really in some ways just about this whole thing that we've seen since 2017 and 18 and 19. But 50% amazing. When we look at that, this chart shows you just kind of that progression that's happened. I definitely want to tell you that this year, and I'll reference this a few more times, it was a challenging year to do a cropping systems inventory because you're actually out trying to look at fields that have been planted and determine how they were planted. We had a lot of fields in our state that were not planted. Four million acres roughly not planted in our state. So we have to put an asterisk a little bit on this 2019 data, but still a lot that we can learn. But you'll see we were doing this in the late 1990s, the 1980s, and then we stopped in 2004, we picked it up again in 13, so that's why you see a little bit of a gap. But you can see we progressed from 2004 to the 13, 14, 17. We bounced around. This year we jumped up. And the other ones you can see have stayed fairly constant, the other types of planting systems. And I talked about that prevent plant. I mean, look at those acres that are brown in the deep brown. Those are 100,000 plus acres of prevent plant acres across our state. The lighter brown, 50 to 100,000. Extreme conditions led to a lot of prevent plants. Like I said, caused us some extra problems putting this together. But the amazing thing of it is as we did the research, as we drove around the countryside, we gathered this data, we learned one thing that more of the fields got planted that were on the no-till side of things. So roughly what I feel very confident in telling you today was is that producers that were using soil health systems, and I'll talk about what those systems look like in just a second, they got their fields planted. Their fields were ready to handle as best as they could what mother nature threw at them. That's not to say we're ever going to be able to totally outguess her. In fact, I feel pretty sheepish ever saying that. I think that's almost like setting her up. That's a challenge. That's the way it was raising my kids, right? If I challenged them, they found a way to make me wrong. And I don't want to do that with mother nature, but I think that people were set up and we learned a lot from that. So why did that happen? I'd ask you that. And we did. We asked producers that. One week, he was mentioned earlier as a board member. He says, I can't control the rain, right? You can read his quote. But what I can do is do the right things on my field so whenever the rain comes and whatever amount it is, maybe some years it's going to be too much, some years it's going to be too little, my soil is as ready as it can be. We heard the same thing from many high county, Carl Eliason.  He was out planting when others couldn't. So there's something positive going on here. Jesse Hall Arlington, Kingsbury, same thing. He says he planted 91% of his acres, okay? I'll show you a map. If you look at Kingsbury, Kingsbury is a county where 31% to 40% of the acres didn't get planted. Jesse was at 91. There's something going on there, right? These systems are helping producers be more resilient and helping get things done in years that are not the most favorable. So what was that? What are we hearing producers talk about? One of the things that I don't know that we've talked so much about, but it's soil structure. And soil structure is important. It's important to the plants that you have growing in the field, right? Soil structure allows water to get to the roots. It allows the roots to move. Soil structure allows air to be in that soil profile. So it leads to a healthy plant production, all of that. But it's also really important when you want to be in the field, whether that's at planting time, whether that's at spraying time, whether that's at harvest time. We learned a lot about that this year and I think we've got more to learn. Share with you a few pictures. A combine going through a soybean field. I see some water between the rows. That's what you focus on. When I see this picture, what I immediately want to look to is I want to see what happened on the stuff that had already been harvested, so I look just to the right. I see a harvested soybean field with no roots. We got a few things off Twitter. Anthony Fisher, a North Dakota producer.  But what he's roughly saying is all the practices they did for soil health paid off. And so, great things. He showed some pictures of their harvest operations and the lack of roots. A friend jumped on, grabbed onto his Twitter and said, it's amazing how the guys who chiselplowed got stuck all the time in our strip till system, we were able to harvest and not very many roots. That's two North Dakota producers. We heard the same thing in South Dakota. The Johnsons, not far from here in Spring County, they give a lot of credit to the fact that they were able to harvest, not get stuck, not have a lot of roots in their fields to their soil health system. So, 2019, crazy year. Lots of us want to forget about it, but I don't think we should forget everything. I think we should remember some of the things that we observed and some of the ways different systems across our state acted and treated us. I'll use that word, treated us. How did our soil health systems treat us? So, question is, is every crop you're going to be like 2019? You're all going, sure, hope not. I would agree. I am confident in telling you, and I'm not a weatherman, that we will probably never have a year quite like 2019. It might be worse. It might be better. It could be dry. There's going to be some differences. We don't know. But I think it's easy to say that we know how weather is everywhere. So, with that in mind, let's think about 17. Not too long ago. We did the cropping systems inventory in 17 as well. We had drought over big parts of our state. Some severe drought just west of here, in the Aberdeen area, right? So, just two years ago, and all we're focused on now is too much water, many of you would have taken many of the rains that you dreaded this year if you could have had them two years ago. When we did the cropping systems inventory, again, we asked producers, tell us about this year. Scott tells us, you know, thought we would add a complete crop failure. But because of our soil health systems, we retained moisture and we raised a crop. Trevor told us, we've been fighting nature too much. Now we're learning that with what we're doing with our cropping systems, we're being able to build soil organic matter. It's doing positive things. It's letting rain infiltrate when we get it. It's being able to hold onto it a little bit better. And from there, it's helping us later in the year. Dan Forge, many of you know him. He's in the room today. We'll hear him speak more throughout the conference and he'll share information with you. But same thing, slightly above average yields in 2017 when many producers couldn't say that. So, two extremes. 1917, not the movie. That's out now. 2017, 2019. Two completely different years. But soil health systems paid off. That's what we have to take away from this year and almost every year. Cover crops played a big part of that. We heard that. Our cover crop use in South Dakota grew a lot this year. Part of that was because of Prevent Plant. We put a lot of acres of cover crops out through the Natural Resources Conservation Service through some of our programs. The Environmental Quality Incentives Program won't be one stewardship. Conservation Stewardship Program would be another. But it's growing. Interest is growing in this. Almost a doubling based on what we did with programs. But the key is, the question I want to ask you is, is your soil ready? I can't stand here today and tell you what 2020 is going to be like. I don't know. I don't think any of you do. But I think we do know that we're learning. We can do things with our soil and have it be ready to pay us off. Okay? I want to tell you, I just want to wrap up with this and get you to work now. So here's the deal. You need to know that you have a whole lot of partners in this state and in a lot of the states around us that are all in on soil health. The chief of our agency, Matt Lohr, is all in on soil health. He made soil health one of his top priorities for NRCS nationally this year. South Dakota soil health has been our number one priority since 2012. It's not going to change. It's at the top of our list. Okay? The Soil Health Coalition is here. Our friends at South Dakota State University, the Grassland Coalition, so many other groups. South Dakota Corn, the list just goes on and on and I know I'm missing many groups and I don't mean to do that. Just let me make the point that there's a partnership in this state where soil is healthy. It's important to us to do that. So what we want to do now is listen to you. We want to get some information from you. So on your table, there's a pink card. The front tables, we figured that not very many people would sit in the front. Okay? So I ran out and I stopped at the front row but we'll get them to all of you. This pink card, two questions on it. We would like you to answer them. First one. And think about this and be diligent in it and just what you're thinking. So if there was one issue that's keeping you from applying more soil health practices on your farm, on your operation, on your ranch, what's that issue? Write it down for us. On the back of it or front of it, depending on which way it popped up, what are the soil health management practices that you'd like to see demoed in your area? If you want us to be a partner for you and you want to learn more, I think seeing it with our eyes, listening to another producer that's doing it through demonstrations is so powerful. So what things would you want to have demonstrated in your area? And if you could put down your county there, that'd be great because we, I think we'll see that in some parts of our state we need different things demoed than we do in other parts of our state. So take the time to do this. We're going to come around and everyone who completes one of these is going to get a ticket with a number on it and then we're going to get those numbers drawn out of a bucket and we've got about 40 or plus books that we're going to give away to producers that fill out these cards. Books that you can learn more about on soil health, we have some variety, but the key of it is just to say thank you so get these cards filled out. We can do this really throughout the conference. It'll be fine, but if you really want to be involved in the drawing, try to get them wrapped up if you could and we'll get by and pick them up. So with that, I just thought I'd quickly touch on those five principles and then I'm going to shut up just so as you think about filling out that card you've got them. One, we've got to armor the soil. We've got to keep it covered, right? There's so many reasons. We've got to minimize our soil disturbance. We want to have diversity, not only in our cash crop rotations but also what we do with cover crops and the use of perennials fits in there as well. Live plants, every second we can have a live root in the system. We're benefiting the soil. And lastly, we know that if we can integrate livestock on to our cropland acres, and I just say all acres but it kind of goes without saying on grazing acres, we will have benefit, okay? So with that, thank you for a few minutes of your time to just kind of get you started today. Got great people that are going to speak to us over the next two days. Thank you to the Soil Health Coalition for all the work they do and all the partners that are with them. I hope you have a great conference and I look forward to talking to you. Take care.


My name is Rosana Longo, better, and today in the studios we have Boulder County Commissioner Marta Lochman. Marta has been elected to the board of county commissioners in 2020 with a term continuing through January 2025 and Marta is a longtime Longmont resident who has been working for social, economic, housing, justice, and building opportunities for many families here in Boulder County. She's currently appointed as a representative to the consortium of cities, mobility, and access for all metro area county commissioners and workforce Boulder County among other things and Governor Jared Polis appointed her to the Colorado workforce development council and we also have Tanya Jimenez she's housing developer Boulder County housing authority who holds a master's degree in sustainability or sustainable real estate development from Tulane University. I love Tulane University and also a bachelor's degree in environmental design from the University of Colorado and today we are here to talk about the ARPA funds. Why? Because the ARPA funds back in March 11, 2021 the American Rescue Plan Act called as you know known as ARPA was signing to law and as part of the ARPA the coronavirus state and local fiscal recovery fund was established to address specific impacts of the pandemic. Boulder County was allocated with 63 million dollars a little more than 63 million dollars and today we are going to be discussing how are these funds going to be implemented. So I would like first to ask Commissioner Marta Lodgeman to give us a roundup of how these 63 million dollars are going to be allocated. Sure thanks first of all thank you for the conversation and it's an honor to be here with you all I so yes we received 63.3 million dollars and I'll share as briefly as I can based on my previous experience and coming into this role as a county commissioner working within community understanding cultural brokering understanding human center design understanding that community voice typically has been and specifically for communities of color has been excluded intentionally from the way that funding opportunities programs processes that's just my firm belief and so when we heard about this opportunity and not everybody in the country took the opportunity of accepting ARPA funds because there's so many federal guidelines it is a very complicated process we learned that after the flood of 2013 we've learned that with other federal funding etc and my ask to the board of directors and to the leadership team at Boulder County in March of that year was how might we do this different to really complete the goals which was relief of COVID-19 and for me was how do we get to equitable outcomes which creates the question of how do we do the entire process differently and so it took a little while because systems are systems especially when they're built in white supremacy and to bring around a leadership team to be able to say okay we'll stop we'll move back we'll we'll try and not do shovel ready which is one of my favorite government terms and we will use a community engagement process that that I was able to lead for the county to ask community members how do we locally in Boulder County need to use this funding how we've been most affected and and so it was an extensive process but the the outcome was community members telling us we need to focus on economic challenges we need to focus on affordable housing and we need to focus on behavioral mental health after COVID-19 or in the midst of this time in the midst of COVID-19 and that is precisely where you know these three areas are important but the one that we're going to be talking today is affordable housing and why is it so urgent I would like to ask you Tanya why is the topic of affordable housing so urgent for our communities and how much money from these funds are going to be allocated to support affordable housing yeah well affordable housing is a big topic especially in Boulder County we have a lot of families that are paying you know more than half their income for rent and that shouldn't be the case people need to live and be able to not have all their money go towards rent you know they should be able to buy the things that are necessary food school supplies and whatever it that they need to just live a comfortable life so yeah we are working on Willoughby Corner it's our you know all affordable housing community in Lafayette and from what I can see Tanya the affordable housing called Willoughby Corner has been assigned almost 13 million dollars yeah to assist and to help communities of color and what you were saying commissioner Lachman people that have not been able to acquire wealth so it's really going to be it's you're making a big effort of really trying to bring these communities to apply for this affordable housing so if you can please explain to us how is it that you are going to be able to make sure that people can come in because as we know in our community in Boulder County the majority of our residents of color and specifically Latinos are living in mobile homes and the whole process of getting into affordable housing is so complicated and you need so many papers to show income and all that that it becomes like Marta Lochman was saying commissioner that it is really prohibit so what are you going to do in order to bring our communities into these affordable housing yeah so we've started having community meetings with the Lafayette community in the Boulder County community we really want Latinos to come and you know apply and even just get on our interest lists and our waiting lists for the for Willoughby housing you know we the way we set up the project is it serves multiple types of families and people individuals the first phase includes rental housing for 55 families of 55 years and plus as well as just rental housing for families so units vary from one to three units so larger families can also live at Willoughby Corner our last phase our phase three which is a few years away will be all affordable for sale housing so this is sort of that next step into getting into affordable housing into housing that you know you can build equity and general generational wealth and pass that on to your children that's something that's so important for Americans and families especially Latinos who tend to have lower rates of home ownership and who are severely impacted by you know the recession and all the predatory loans thank you thank you so much what you have said I think that that is a perfect way to ask Marta Commissioner Marta Lodge mean exactly about why is it important so crucial to have affordable housing for economic growth you that you have the knowledge the yeah the the background I probably have the most of a background 24 years in the housing industry in different ways understanding the mortgage market working with that and you're talking about the recession in 2006 those predatory loans that were happening we did a study later for the state of Colorado here through the city of Longmont in our region about what predatory lending really did to our Spanish-speaking families and also aging adults most of those loans were 12 to 24 months later is when we saw the adjustable rate mortgages the arms truly decimate families and specifically the Latino community in this entire country based on national work that have been involved in with the National Association of Hispanic Real Estate Professionals we have been talking about the the racial financial gap around families of color and communities of color in this country for for 20 plus years through that organization the other piece that's really important here is the pooling that we continue to do at the county and residents who respond to these polls continue to say that housing affordability is the number one concern and so there's a couple pieces of how do we respond to that will it be corner is one one project the other one that we've opened since I've been in office is spoke on Kauffman here in Longmont as another transit oriented development that just means it's a fantastic site that's near our resources as Boulder County near the DMB near Housing and Human Services near all the different clinics resources etc but also in walking distance and and close distance to the bus station here on Nathan Kauffman so those are pieces that we're looking at as well but the opportunity to and will be corner look at how do we serve and respond to different family needs like Tanya was describing the different phases and what that will open up for opportunities I am a strong believer I will always believe with my understanding of the way that this system in the United States works with finances and access to credit access to capital that affects every other walk of life and every other bill that we pay as people that if you don't own a home in this country you do not have the same opportunity to move ahead period you just never will and and Tanya is exactly right we talk about affordable housing the definition is if I am paying more than 30 percent of my income in housing it's no longer affordable and she's exactly right we have more than 60 percent of our folks in Boulder County paying more than 50 percent right now and it's not just mobile homes where we as Latinos live it's entry-level homes that are also missing from inventory condos townhomes smaller single family we have a crisis and we have for quite a while and so now in this role as as county commissioner working with our amazing staff and housing human service working with partners like you who are trying to bring the light of what is the need and how do we solve it this is just one piece of it and there's urgency there's urgency you can hear the urgency I feel like there's urgency every day and again what's going to happen and what you know I heard from people always saying what happens is that when there are these opportunities for people to access affordable housing they don't apply and you know people the people that are working people you know that the community where the Latino community has one two three four jobs many times or jobs during the weekends in order to just afford housing that is the most expensive thing but they don't apply to these supports you know the third almost yeah almost 13 million are going to go to support these initiatives so that means you apply and you get into the rental and you start forming a community because one of the things that I know as also as a reporter working here in in Boulder County that people love living in mobile homes because their community is in a mobile home but the mobile home is not going to allow them to grow economically they're not going to be able to use that mobile home as a stepping stone like an affordable housing like really owning the land where the house sits in so that's the reason my question for you will be how are you going to be doing this because from my experience I remember the Latino chamber of commerce what they did when there were some funds precisely to support the small the small businesses that were dying during the pandemic was that they sat with the people and they helped them feel the paperwork so is that something that the county is looking to do to support the people not only going online but also you know going to the places where our community is in order to help them feel all that paperwork yeah of course um that's something that we um bch a want uh strives to do is to help our community and that can be in um as simple as just filling out you know um getting on our interest list on our waiting list filling out applications going through the entire process of applying for housing um you know we understand that like those um applying that process in itself can be a barrier to housing and we want to eliminate those barriers we want to help as much as we can we have a team um on our leasing side that um works with our community um you know all it takes is just reaching out um you know we will help that's what we want we want to get people into housing well and I'll just add so we have a town hall actually tonight which I don't know when people will be listening to it but but one of the asks we have a town hall just at our new southeast Lafayette hub which we were just about to open uh and we're going to be talking about Willoughby Corner and so my call yesterday after talking with some housing human services folks like are we going to have our home ownership team on site like what's that opportunity and how do we continue as a county organization to think about what are the next resources that people will be asking about if somebody is in the room uh asking about Willoughby Corner they're also going to be asking about what's my opportunity for to access resources down payment assistance home budget counseling to get prepared because our phase it's going to be a while for all these phases to open and so we're continually having this conversation and the staff um I got the email late last night and they said yeah we'll be there but how do we continue to do that and how do we address these barriers that's happening super fast commissioner because from what I see these uh Willoughby Corner is going to be up and going 2024 uh already so people need to get on it because it's a whole process what are the requirements for people to apply for this first phase besides being 55 and over do they need a social security number do they need to prove their income if you can just you know tell us so that people listening to us get a feeling and also where can they go to find out more um yeah so I think the first step would be to go to the Willoughby Corner website and sign up for the interest list and the waiting list this just gives folks that are interested in Willoughby Corner that opportunity to get information updates and when it times when the time comes to apply they will get that notification to start applying the application for applying it's an application they fill out the form and then when it comes time to actually you know submit documentation income verification is required and um I believe that's all there's a lot of requirements there are a lot of here and I want to with this question I want to finish up the question is why is it that affordable housing is also an environmental justice well two pieces I would be remiss if I didn't just let viewers know that we have on the november 2023 ballot a county ballot measure which is a reallocation of a current tax as an extension to fund affordable and attainable housing we have never had a sustainable funding source like this so to move this needle by responding to folks who continue to ask about affordable housing in our county to be able to support our municipalities to be able to work with our housing authorities that all you know around our region to be able to even access prop 123 funding and the state of Colorado and some of these other significant initiatives that is a huge opportunity for people who are like okay I might not delete not need to live in willoughby corner but I do believe this is an issue for my neighbors my friends for the folks who give me health care for the first responders the teachers that support our youth and are building our future this would be a way for people to to respond to that so I just want to want to add that in there and I also um but I want to give Tanya an opportunity to to jump into your clear question yeah well I mean we are facing climate change and you know we think it's important to build better build more sustainable buildings our willoughby corner community our buildings will be net zero ready we will have geothermal geothermal heating and you know just different sustainable features throughout the community we'll use native flora around the the entire site so less water use we're just trying to build a comfortable neighborhood for the people who live there and something that makes a less of an impact on our earth and I'll just add in to that Rosana so that you you know and the viewers understand that this will be the net zero 400 unit complex of willoughby corner when it's completed will be the first in the state of Colorado to hit that mark so we're talking about breaking down a whole lot of barriers opportunities in climate change and access to community members and building a community with willoughby corner something extremely important don't thank you so much commissioner Marta Lochman for coming today and talking to us about this crucial and important opportunity for our communities to step ahead to really make a big change and thank you so much to you also Tanya Jimenez a housing developer and Boulder County Housing Authority for coming and talking about this because it's urgent that hopefully our communities that have been listening today and or that deed housing or that will like others to access these important services help them you know pass the baton help them so that they can continue living in our in our communities and not be gentrified I think that's an important issue thank you so much is there something else that you would like to add um yeah get on our waiting list get on our um interest list it you know get our updates and if anyone's interested just sign up sign up so that way you can get in the list Marta thank you thank you for bringing and bringing this topic to light and giving us an opportunity to share about this one project and my my hope is my desire is that I'm able to continue creating these types of opportunities to respond to the need respond to the crisis that we have right now here in Colorado in our area thank you so much thank you for coming my name is Rosana Longo better and thank you all viewers of Longmouth public media for listening to this short interview we're trying to really promote what the ARPA fans are trying to do in order to support our communities in need thank you


I look at Francis. Francis' journey is how many years? Two, three years, and she's going through mystical experiences and huge, expansive states of consciousness from two or three years of joining and connecting. And I think the key word is trust. You know, she did... I might share about Kangaroo Valley. We were down there. That was a big experience. And then I think the other experience up in your house, which Jason and I, both of them are huge. But some people say, what's the key to all this? Is there any key? The key is trust. I mean, it's the first characteristic of the teacher of God. And I mean trust in the spirit. If you make that link and that connection of trusting in the spirit, it's going to go rapid. The ego has got no defense. And you really hook up into your higher power to the teacher within. You had... that was your path. My path was probably 1985. So here, what are we now? How many years is it? 27. And then her path is three. So let's hear from the three. Yes, trust is the trust of the spirit. Really, trust that our analytical, logic, egoic mind doesn't know the way to freedom. So we have to let that go and trust something that is unknown to the mind. And the first, actually, was the second retreat. I had two retreats with David in Sydney, Australia, back-to-back. A six-day retreat. And then I think six weeks later, there is a 12-day retreat. So the second retreat, I had a one-on-one with David just throughout all my fear and judgment and thoughts. And then in the middle of our one-on-one session, I heard an audible voice very loud and clear, saying that David is the living representation of me. And all you need to do now is to trust David. And it was so different. I have never had experiences like that before. Just this voice was so clear to me. It's not of my egoic mind. I knew it straight away. And then watching David's character still keep talking to me. The voice was coming while I was talking to her. And I was just looking at him like... Anyway, I just continued the whole session. Then after the retreat, David and the messengers, Jason, all went to stay in my house for a few more days in Sydney. And one day Jason and I went to have some grocery shopping. And I just asked him, I said, Tell me, Jason, give it to me. What does it take? I want to go all the way. I want to go all the way to freedom. What does it take? And he said, trust. He said the same thing, trust. So I said, I heard the spirit ask me to trust David. So is that that simple? Just trust David. I feel I can trust you as well. Can that just be as simple as that? That I can relate to. Holy Spirit at that time was too abstract for me. I didn't feel I could connect with the spirit at all. I don't know what it meant to trust the spirit. But I felt I could trust David. I could trust you. And he said, yes, that is actually that simple. You can just go with that and trust. So I really just started from there. And I see David and the messengers really, they don't have their egoic motive for anything. So really what comes through is from the spirit because there is no egoic preference or goal or motive. So when I come closer and closer, I really feel the trust is developing and I can really trust David and the messengers. But really it just, the whole experience helped me connect with this inner voice because we do practice to have this connection with the Holy Spirit and follow. The more we follow, actually the clearer we listen. We can recognize this voice more and more clearly the more I follow it. And when talking about no private thoughts and no people pleasing, it is like the people pleasing is like a loop. People please because I feel unworthy of way and I want people to validate me and give me what I denied myself. I want them to approve me and tell me that they love me. So that's the motive of people pleasing. And the more I do that, it's like reinforce this inadequate self. Actually just loop around there. And how can I really realize that the Holy Spirit is inside of me and it's talking to me, it's guiding me. If I keep thinking what other people want from me and base all my behavior pattern based on what I think other people would want me to do it's just like I feel like no people pleasing is almost giving me an opportunity to really get in touch with the Spirit and to follow and give me an opportunity to see who I really am by just following that. And I also feel like no people pleasing really is almost need to be done with expression, no private thoughts because when I first started to have these no people pleasing practice I was scared that if I don't people please I would go the total opposite way of being very nasty because there somehow feels there is a hatred or anger underneath it. Or some other people will start to get really angry at me so I was scared of both sides that sort of hindered me from no people pleasing. But because we practice no private thoughts it's really just to give us permission to express when we don't seem to behave according to what we think other people would want us to do then sometimes their guilt come out or fear then I will express it just to somehow release it and I will say this is how I feel right now and then I will see there is no truth in it really what I think that's in other people's minds I actually know it's only in my mind. So my journey has been my relationship with my mother has been this no private thought no people pleasing practice really because she also doesn't hold back from me you know a lot of these past 2-3 years just telling me how she was disappointed at me and how fearful she was and how she think I was wasting my life and everything and then they give me opportunity to actually communicate with her in a way I've never been able to I really spoke from my heart telling her I think this is what I truly want God is calling me I don't feel I have an option and I actually think this is set up before I was born here so I thank you for bringing me to this world just by allowing myself to really express to her and still carry out whatever I feel I have to do what the spirit want me to do and she was saying are you abandoning me you are abandoning me you know all this back and forth of just communicating and then for me keep doing what I'm doing eventually I have experience of just following the spirit's guidance bring everybody happiness not just myself you know it brings her happiness by me following the guidance not compromising and not holding back and when I hold back when I hold back from spirit you know we're either with the spirit or with the ego when I hold back from the spirit I experience the ego emotions I experience loneliness hatred, anger you know competition and I will experience that so I have no choice I have to follow the spirit to be in alignment with that so I can extend I can extend the spirit I can extend the love over the last two years recently actually I really see the reflection back that she is actually happy and we have this real relationship very deep, very authentic very open and there is no expectation you know that her love is not dependent on what I'm doing or how I treat her that's just all going all around


Hi, this is a talk about compact NIDKs from Standard Assumptions on Bilingual Maps. My name is Shu, and this was a joint work with Ryo Nishimaki, Shota Yamada, and Takashi Yamakawa. So this is our result, and our result is basically the same as our title. It's a compact NIDK from Standard Assumptions. And what we mean by compact here is that the proof side is going to be the proof size plus polylamda for all NP relation, where the circuit is the verification circuit which verifies this NP relation. And if this NP relation is computable in NC1, we further get a result where the proof size is witness size plus polylamda, which is very short. And the assumption that we use is matrix DDH, which includes at special cases the D-LIN or the SXDH assumption. We will first provide some background on CRS NIDK. So a CRS NIDK, it's between a prover and a verifier, and a prover holds a statement X and a witness W. They're both given a CRS from a trusted setup, a common reference frame, and the prover is going to provide a proof pi and the verifier either accepts or rejects. And we require three properties from CRS NIDK, which are completeness, soundness, and zero knowledge. Here completeness dictates that if the statement X is in the language, then the verifier should accept. Soundness is the opposite. So a cheating prover, if it does not have statement which is not in the language, then it should not be able to fold the verifier to accept. And finally, zero knowledge is that any verifier just looking at this proof pi cannot learn anything more about the fact that, more than the fact that the statement X that was used is in the language. So the witness in particular will be hidden from the proof. And the motivation of this work is very similar to most of the motivations of, well, a lot of the motivations for prior NIDK related work is that we want to minimize this proof size pi as small as possible. And here we want to minimize the dependency on this circuit size on this proof. And we want to base this from standard assumptions. So this is the state of the art in this regime. And there are like a very, a lot of work relating to making the proof size smaller or making the assumption more standard. So when you look at the first four rows, these are all based on very well-known assumptions. However, the proof size, when we look at them, they have a polynomial dependency. The circuit size and the security parameter has polemic dependencies. And when we look at the bottom two, the proof size are actually very small. They're either witness size plus polemna or circuit size plus polemna. So they only have an additive relationship here. However, when we look at the assumptions, one require FHE, which we only know how to make from lattices, or we require this non-static assumption called the CDHER assumption, which is basically a Ziffy-Hellman type assumption, which is non-static. So we want to kind of get the best between the two worlds. And that is what we do in this work. So we have the proof size as compacted spot. It's going to be C plus polemna or the witness size plus polemna, while the assumption is going to be standard XSDH or DLIN. We will now explain our approach. And as an intermediate goal, we will first construct a compact designated prover NIZK. So this is not a CRS NIZK, but we will show later how to compile this designated prover NIZK in a non-black box manner into our final goal of creating a CRS NIZK. So the first intermediate goal we're going to go after is this designated prover NIZK. And this is basically a CRS NIZK where, when you look at it, there's going to be a secret key here. So the trusted setup is going to provide the prover with a secret key now. Therefore, this whole system is going to be designated to this sole prover who possessed this secret key. However, the proof itself is going to be publicly verifiable, so the verifier can be anybody. So the high-level approach to construct a DEP NIZK will be in this format. So the prover will encrypt its witness using a secret key encryption key key. And at this point, we're not going to specify how this case is generated. The prover might be generating it, or maybe the trusted setup is providing the prover, the K, as the designated proving key. We don't know that, but we are only just going to state that the witness will be encrypted by this SKE scheme. And here, we are going to require this sign for text to only have additive overhead, meaning that it's going to be witness size plus polydominal where witness is the message right now. And this can be instantiated by, let's say, the CDH assumption. And the next step that we're going to do is that the actual proof here that we're going to include, it's going to be some authentication for the fact that the CT is an encryption of this W and this W, or that this witness satisfies this relation. So this authentication can think of it as a signature, or it's just a primitive that attests to the fact that the CT is a valid encryption of this witness. And here, we want this part, this authentication to be independent of the circuit size. Then everything will be compact. And to this end, we consider this notion of constraint, or this primitive called constraint signature. For those who you know, this is very similar to attribute-based signature. So in a constraint signature, there is going to be a public verification key. And a trusted setup will provide the signer with a secret key associated with this function F. And a signer with this message M can sign using this signing key associated to F and create a signature sigma. And correctness dictates that if this function F, taking this M as input, equals one, or it's satisfied, then the verifier will always accept this signature. This signature will be valid. And for unfortunately, what we are going to say is that a signer having this secret key, or the signing key with this function F, he will not be able to create a signature on a message which does not satisfy this function F. So that's unfortunately. And this final one is optional. It's context-hiding. And what it essentially means is that this signature does not leak anything about this function F beyond the fact that the function F satisfies this message M, or this message M is satisfied by this function. So it just hides this function. All right. And Kimwoo in 2018, they showed a way to construct a DP-NISC from constraint signature. And we see that actually if you start from a compact constraint signature, you can get a compact DP-NISC. And how do we do that? So it's very easy. It follows very from the Kimwoo transformer. So what the prover is going to be given by this process setup is that it's going to be giving this CS key and this SKE key. So let's look at this. So the secret key is associated to this function with K. And this FK is defined like this. So it's going to take this public statement X and the cipher text and it's first going to decrypt this cipher text using the secret key K, which is hardwired to this function, and get that decryption value back and it checks this relation. So if the prover correctly encrypted this witness W, then this will actually output 1 now because this will decrypt the witness. So what the prover can do is that it could just sign using its secret signing key. Because the signing this function will output 1 on this message M, on this message X, CT. So this will be a valid signature. So the verifier can verify this and thus verify the whole entire proof. And if this cipher text only has additive overhead and this signature is independent of the circuit size, then the overall proof here will be compact. And the security is very simple. So soundness, it just follows from the enforceability of this constraint signature because a cheating prover who has a statement, which is not in the language, there is no corresponding witness that will make this function equal to 1. So if it produces some valid looking proof, then it will be a signature on a function which outputs 0. So it directly breaks the enforceability of the CS. And zero knowledge also holds quite straightforward. Because first of all, if you use context hiding, then you can say that this signature will leak no information of this SKE key came. So at that point, we can invoke the SKE in CP security to kind of get rid of this witness W, which makes it zero knowledge at this point. So as intermediate goal, what we did is that we constructed a new compact constraint signature. And to do that, we first start from an adaptively secure compact cipher text key policy AB from the MDH assumption. And this is the new part. And we build on prior techniques using cybertext aggregation and the very recent extension of Qualchic we technique getting an adaptively secure KPE from similar assumptions. And we use this folklore conversion of a compact cipher text KPE into a compact constraint signature scheme. And that's how we get this compact signature constraint signature from the MDH assumption. So now finally, plugging in the keyboard conversion, we get a compact DP NISC from the MDH assumption. And this is already an improvement over our prior work, which where we constructed a compact DP NISC from a non static assumption, which was a different type of assumption. And just for reference, Kimu 19, what they did was that they constructed a compact constraint signature, and hence a DP NISC from LWB. So the remaining part of this talk is, how do we generalize this CRS NIC Kim. Because when you think about it, we still have this secret proving key part. So the question is, how do we remove this from our DP NISC. And this will be our second part of the talk, which is removing the secret proving key. And the key notion that we will really look into is this notion of decomposable online offline efficient constraint signatures. So as a first attempt, what we are going to try to do is we're going to try to get rid of the secret information from what we provide to the prover at setup. So a first natural approach is that we are going to get rid of this seek SKE secret key. And here we're going to let the prover sample the SKE secret key on its own now. And with that modification, what's going to happen is that we're not going to be able to hardwire this secret key K in the function F anymore because trust us that doesn't even know about that. So what's going to happen now is that this function F is simply just going to take this SKE secret key as input now. And it is still going to evaluate the same function where this K is now given externally rather than just being hardwired this function. The question is, what is the proof going to look like now? So as before, the prover will still encrypt the witness W with the secret key K and it's going to create this ciphertext. And it will still be able to sign because it's going to just provide all these three inputs. And this function Apple output one, so it will be able to create this valid looking signature. However, the question is, what is the actual proof pie going to look like? Obviously, if we included this K with the proof, we don't have zero knowledge anymore because the verify could just decrypt the ciphertext now. On the other hand, the problem of not sending this K is that the verifier won't be able to run the verification algorithm anymore, because when we think about it, the CS non verify algorithm requires the input message. So it requires a secret key K to really run the verification algorithm. So the verifier doesn't work anymore. So the second attempt to kind of fix this idea is that we are going to remain. We're going to maintain the same procedure up to this point. So the prover is still going to create this signature. And the question is, how do we make the verify or verify this Sigma? And to this end, what we're going to do is that we're going to think that we have, we're going to use a non compact. And we're going to prove that this signature is valid under the secret key came. And here we're going to be using a non compact. Because obviously we don't have a compact. And if we are happy with using non compact. And I think is we can base it on any like natural standard assumptions like grass side. So to be a bit more concrete, the statement that we're going to be using for this underlying and I think is this X hat. And it's the witness is going to be this secret key K and the signature Sigma. And we're going to be proving that this signature is valid with respect to these three messages. Under the verification key. However, the question is, does this make sense? Because it seems like we're using an IDK to create an IDK. And is this a step forward? And it is, in fact, going to be an IDK in the sense that it's going to have soundness and zero knowledge without any problem. So we don't have an IDK. So the remaining thing is we have to check whether it has a compact proof or not. And recalling what we were using was a non compact IDK for this statement X hat. And unfortunately, since we're using a non compact IDK for this statement, which is going to be very large, we're not going to have a very short proof size anymore. So to look at this, this statement is actually taking this original statement X as input to so the circuit that's going to be used for this non compact IDK to check their relation. It's going to be as large as the original circuit that we're using. And moreover, for our specific constraint signature scheme, this verification key is actually going to be much larger than the circuit size. So in the end, the proof size is going to scale at least as large as the circuit size time polylondon. So it's there's really no point of doing this very complex way of going through this constraint signature scheme. Because then if we were happy with this C times polylondon, then we could have just used any non compact IDK to start out with. However, the main observation here is that by leveraging some additional features of our constraint signature scheme, we can actually redeem this idea and get something nice. So this brings us to our final idea of using an online offline efficient constraint signature scheme. And the idea is that we're going to make this online computation light and pushing all the heavy computation to the offline phase. So what we mean by this is that recall that in a constraint signature scheme, there's going to be a verification key and a message. And we're going to provide a very heavy offline computation phase, which will compress this VK and M into a single VK M. And this verification key is now binded to this message M. And the good thing about this is that this VK M itself is going to have only a fixed polynomial size. And you can verify a message without having this message M anymore by just only using this verification key, which has this message M somehow encoded into the verification key. So what's going to happen now is that you have a signature for a message M under this verification key and we are going to aggregate this in a very computational heavy offline phase. And we get this aggregated VK XCTK. And now this is fixed polynomial size. And then the verification itself is compact because the verification algorithm only takes this aggregated verification key as input. So now what happens is that the verification key is very small and the verification algorithm itself is very small now. So it's going to have a very efficient online phase. So the question is, is this enough? Unfortunately, it's not because when we look at this, this verification key, it has a K attached here. So the verifier does not know K. So the problem still remains there. So V cannot construct this aggregated verification key on its own. So in the NIC proof, the verifier won't be able to even possess this aggregated verification key. And this brings us to our final idea of using a decomposable online offline efficient constraint signature scheme. So what we want, what we mean by that is that first of all, the signature again is with respect to this message. And this K was the part that we wanted to hide. And these X and CT are the very large part, which is public right now. So what we are going to do is that we're going to have an offline phase which partially aggregates the verification key with respect to part of the message. So we are only going to compress or aggregate the verification key, which, which depends on this X and CT part. So all the verification key components, which kind of corresponds to this SKE key will remain untouched. And this part can be done publicly. And then we are going to use a non-compact NIZK internally and viewed this part as the statement. And the witness K, the secret key K, we are going to compress this further into this fully aggregated verification key. And we're going to do this in within this NIZK, this non-compact NIZK. And we are further going to view the signature as the witness again. And we're going to verify that the signature is valid under this fully aggregated verification key and prove that it's going to output an accept. And all this part is going to be done within a non-compact NIZK. And the great thing about this is that all this computation only depends polynomially on the security parameter and does not depend anything on the statement X or the circuit C. Because the statement here, the verification key is now fixed polynomial size thanks to this aggregation phase. So everything that gets fed into this and the witness, everything is fixed polynomial size right now. Now I'm bringing this whole compact constraint signature with decomposable online offline efficiency into our compact NIZK story. This is our final construction. So as before the prover is first going to sample the secret key, it's going to encrypt the witness with the secret key, and then it's going to sign. And after that what it's going to do is that it's going to aggregate this verification key with respect to the part of the message, which is X and CT here. So it's going to partially aggregate this and the verifier can do this too later on with knowledge of the statement X and the cipher text, which is going to be sent. And then the prover is further going to run this non compact NIZK to prove that this K will be aggregated as this verification key to get the fully aggregated public verification key. And then that verification key is going to make this signature valid. So this whole part is going to be very compact. So in the end this proof pie hat is going to be a compact proof and the ciphertext is only going to have additive overhead. So in the end this whole proof pie is going to be compact. And we will note that our constraint signature scheme has all these very nice properties. And no non-efficiency. So RCS is for NC1 circuits only. So when we look at this the function F was taking the decryption circuit and this NP relation C. So if the original NP relation C was an NC1 and further RSK decryption circuit is NC1, which is the case for CDH, then in fact what we get is a very compact proof. It's going to be a witness size plus poilando. However, this still works for circuits beyond NC1 because we can use these witness expansion techniques. So what we do is that we view the internal wire values as witness again and we kind of decompose this whole circuit into a very low depth circuit. And doing that all the internal wires will be converted into the witness. So the witness size will now be C, the size of the circuit. But it will result in a proof size which is circuit size plus poilando. And as some additional results we do get perfect NIZK and use the NIZK with proof size which is witness size times poilando from the dealing assumption. However, one caveat is that our scheme is only for NC1 relations so it will be very interesting to generalize this for all NP relations. And the trivial way of doing witness expansion here does not work anymore because then this W will just be replaced by the circuit size C times poilando and then it will just be worse than prior results. So this is the summary and this will be the end of the talk. All the questions will be answered by rail. Thank you for listening.