Hi, this is Dr. Anand Shanai, Interventional Cardiologist, Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore. The commonest manifestation or symptom of a heart attack is acute discomfort in the center of the chest. The nature of discomfort, it's more of a discomfort rather than a pain. Discomfort is characterized, most of the patients describe it as a squeezing pressure like feeling in the center of the chest. It could be associated with pain even between both the shoulder blades or in the neck or jaw or radiating mainly to the left upper arm. This is generally accompanied by excessive sweating, diaphoresis, guettiness, vomiting sensation etc.


So why do we love WordPress? Anybody wants to volunteer and answer? Why do you love WordPress? Is it because it's free? Easy, yes? I'll take your answer. So my reason is that WordPress website's design, as well as functions can be very easily upgraded with a few themes or plugins. No matter what industry you are targeting, it might be healthcare, it might be education, it might be e-commerce. It might be something very, very niche, which might be a speaker, a designer, a traveler, a water. No matter what your industry is, you will find something that's going to fit you. Another thing, any feature that you may think of, payment, or it might be LMS, or it might be e-commerce, you're also going to find plugins that's going to be increasing the function of your website drastically once you put it in. So that and doing it, with the theme and the public, I can very often misunderstand that people usually have who haven't used WordPress. One of the themes equals to cookie-coloured designs. So that understanding is that once you upload a theme into WordPress, you cannot make any other changes. You cannot change with the colour, with the design, with the layout, with something else. And another myth is that with plugins, you get a lot of functional restrictions. If you do not have a plugin for something, see that function is not going to be possible in your WordPress website. Is that true? Is that true? Okay, so that's not true, right? The truth is that your website is not upgraded with just themes and plugins. Even if you are a code person, even if you are a person that doesn't code, there are different functionalities that come with your WordPress website, which is not just limited to plugins and themes. If you're a coder, you can have your custom functionalities by using code. Even if you are not a code person for your website, you have different click-and-dry adopt options for adding any kind of functionality to your website. So, coming next, every WordPress website features to a unique audience. That is why so many very small companies, it may be a travel company in your local area, or it might be a very multinational company like The New York Times, maybe CNN, all these different kinds of businesses and brands are leveraging WordPress to make their platforms and websites. So, when working with this unique type of audience, is WordPress really suitable for all kinds of audiences? Can I speak here or yes or no? Yes. Yes, so I hear a lot of yes. So, when making those websites, I think it should be our main priority to focus on the users. You know what? If we have a website for somebody, if we are developers and we have freelancers here, you might have made a WordPress website or a business website, but if we have a business for somebody, they are paying you money. But again, if you have a business for somebody, after 8 years of work, I'll give you an example. If you have a freelancing project, maybe dental clinic, dental clinic, yes, you are making that website for that dental clinic. But again, you are making it for the the patients, right? The customers are going to be coming to the dental clinic. They are going to say, oh, it's very good. Pulling and pushing your momentum. It's like you're flying with the restaurant key, you're going to use the restaurant key. So, it's very very difficult in those situations where you have to think about your client who gives you the money and pays you after you make the website or web platform. But again, at the same time, you have to think about the end users who are going to be using it. For again, users entering approach money, users from a million or website money, web platform money money, that is very very easier said than done, right? Got to solve your problem. The website won't have any money. Dental clinic or website won't have any money. Or got to solve the patient also. So, you are going to solve your problem. So, the main problem that you have is, 90% of the time, I think people don't know what they want.  Sorry for the saying. And 10% of the time, 10% of the time, they don't know what they want. But after 2 days, 8% of them choose their minds. Right? They don't know what they want. And you make it and after 10 days, you give it to them. They don't know what they want. They don't know what they want. So, people really don't know what they want. And when they want it, they change their minds after 5 minutes. Or maybe 5 days, right? So, Henry Ford. I'll give you an example. Give me a cheer. Oh, very few people, right? I was not expecting it. So, Henry Ford is the founder of car company, Ford. So, Ford is one of the earliest companies to have invented or manufactured motor cars.  Because in that case, they would have to go to the carriage to travel. So, is it possible? They would have to go to the carriage at one point. Can you make it faster than it already is? No way. In the limitation of physical parameters, that's why innovation can be done. But, do people tell you about what innovation is needed? What do people say? They say, engineers are scientists. Okay. So, when working with people, it's very, very difficult. What do they want? That's why design thinking is an iterative approach. It's a process that focuses on the user needs and tells you how to address their problems. Why is that? Design thinking doesn't just focus on UI and UI. So, if you want to attend this session about UI and UX, can I see your hands? Okay, a lot of UI. UI is the appearance and UX is what you feel. So, in design thinking, we do not just focus on the UI but also in the UX. The end goal is to increase user experience. How do we do design thinking? It's a long process, I know, but stare with me. We have to relate to people and define their problems as a third party. That's why we have to usually make an idea in the beginning. That's a dangerous idea. Then we start with the third step and then we go back to the first step. We shouldn't do that mistake. Then only we ideate. What is prototyping? Again, if you're investing a lot of money, a lot of time, a lot of resources, one of the development tools to make a prototype in the beginning is better and easier. Lastly, we test it to refine. First, empathy-based research. Putting yourself in other shoes. You have to make a tool for the doctor to relate to the problem. You have to respond to their needs and desires. These two are pitfalls. You have to make a mistake. What is bias? It's important to have bias. You don't have to be happy. It's failing to address your own biases and assumptions. Let me give you an example. Some kids might have clothing stores or baby care items. You might assume only females are shopping, their mothers are shopping. But not only me. Do fathers participate or not? That might be one of your biases. Another bias is another bias would be ensuring all the perspectives are heard. Different diverse communities are also diverse in Nepal. When you're working with such diverse perspectives, diverse people, you have to make sure you're not just looking at two people. Two people are making a software to download their software. Then you have to figure out how to do it. First, the Y method. It's very irritating. You have to ask five Ys. Why do you need it? Why do you need it? You have to ask the questions again and again. Then you have to show me another method. You have to tell your friend an LMS. They will tell you why do you need it. They have to show you the issues. So what do you think is the method that you want to go up? You need to define yourself. Do you need finding? Again, do you need finding or not. So what we have to do now is that you have to look at the deeper patterns and the connections in your research. This is what you have to do. You have to sense that this research has come to you, this boy has come to you. This is what you have to do. Use your journey. I think Ira's touch upon it is something that everyone knows. So use your journey. Basically, you have to make a website or a product. My user will come here. First, you will come to your screen. Then you will click on it. Then you will click on it. Then you will come here. It's just you, the designers and the product managers and maybe the developers. Having a road map of your actions. Then you have to plot it. Then you have to find the same point and opportunities. What do you have to do? If you are sad, then you have to come up with an idea. You can find opportunities. Then you have to finally find the framing. Then you have to find a feature, a website, a tool. You have to find the target user. You have to find the user. I have to find the user. I have to find the user. So you have to have a very clear mindset. Then you have to find the user. To help them do something. That is the verb. Then you have to find the person. If 50 other people are doing the same thing in the market. Then you have to do the same thing. It's not going to sell. It's not going to make you money. Then you have to finally do what? You have to find the utility for the tool. You have to find the utility for the website. You have to find the utility for the feature. You have to think about it. Then you have to come up with an idea. So this is not the first step. This is something that we do after a lot of research, reflection and refraining. Then you have to come up with an idea. Have your way with it. Whatever you want to do, do it.   It's technologically sophisticated. You don't have to make any resources. You have to make the budget signs. So sketch out your ideas.  Even if they are amazing. Even if they are amazing. But need a lot of money and resources. Then you map out your ideas into categories. You don't have to make any prototypes. What's in it? Low effort, low impact. High effort, high impact. So there's a graph here. You have to choose whatever you want to do. Low effort, high impact. Yes? How many? Low effort, high impact. Why not? There was no such thing. There was no such thing. There was no such thing. You don't have to tap in. I only see answers at the back. Okay. Now you have to come up with an idea. That ideal scenario would be low effort and high impact. You don't have to make a lot of money. You don't have to be very popular. You don't have to make a lot of money. But that is not always the case. So your next big thing would be, best thing would be, high impact and high effort. Yes, effort is needed. You have to develop it. You have to make money with it. You have to make research and resources. You have to make money with it. But again, at the end of the tunnel, you have a very big profit or very big impact waiting our way. So that is how you choose the ideas you want to prototype. And if you have an idea for it, maybe you flush them out. Maybe in future days, you will have to use it for a long time. You have to try it. You have to try it. Then you have to say prototype. How many times do you have to say prototype? Okay. I see one, two, three, four, five. No. You have to come up with it. You have to come up with it. So what do we do when we prototype? So when we prototype, it can be very, very simple. You have to map it in an A4 size paper. You have to make a rectangle on the screen. You have to make a menu here. You have to make a button here. That is very, very low fidelity prototype. You have to make it very, very easy. You have to spend a lot of time on it. You have to make it prototype. What else can you do? You have to use a tool like Figma, maybe Adobe XD. You have to use it. You have to use a wire frame. I haven't seen it because of time restrictions. But again, it's a little bit of a garb on the head. It's a basket scaffolding. You have to make it like that. It's very, very simple. You just have to tell where it will go. Then maybe you have to make different mock-ups in Figma. You have to make mock-ups. You have to see design mock-ups. You have to see design mock-ups. You have to see design mock-ups. Okay. A lot of you asked me. So, after that, I can also make mock-ups. And after that, I can also see functionality. If you have time and resources, you have to spend time on it. Now, after that, you have to come to the final step, which is testing. So, in testing, it maybe goes through different processes. Now, if you want to go to an actual developer house, there might be a lot of tests that are running in terms of code, in terms of usability, in terms of marketability. So, in this case, I will give you three suggestions. First, tell me your stakeholder. Again, I will tell you who is giving the investment, who is giving your paychecks, who is giving you the freelancing money. And then, who is actually getting the benefit out of it, the benefit factor. And who has the benefit, the tool, the website, the web platform, etc. After that, another major part of it is the user. Is the user happy or not? So, if the user is not working, if the problem is solved, you have to also think about that. At the end of the day, I will give you an email about AB. What does AB mean? What does that AB mean? What does it mean? Reason and why AB? I have brought you AB testing. So, it is just one of the methods that is used. It is also used in marketing. It is used in development. So, after some time, I will research it. So, again, coming back, what do we do now? So, testing is the end. Actually, the test is not over yet. It is not over yet. So, you have to go to the first step again. Again, empathize. Again, frame. Again, what do you do? Idea. Again, you prototype. Again, you test. And you have to speak. You have to have progressive features. You have to have new tools. You have to have new platforms. You have to have a new website. You have to come here. Thank you so much. You have been a lovely, lovely audience. I am Srishti. You can get connected with me via the social media platform.


It all started in 2012. It was a joint initiative by the Lisbon University Institute and EMCDDA. The university could offer an international programme to credits. EMCDDA could participate with the contents. We get support from NIDA and we started. The objective of the summer school is to provide professionals and academics with the opportunity to learn from the EMCDDA staff members and international keynote speakers about drug policies and practices. Come here to look at what other people are doing, to get an insider's view about European drug policy making. We have about 50 hours didactic, including workshops held by the students, interactive lessons and we have visits to, for example, outreach units and treatment centres that are very appreciated by the students. Really a very interesting school, two weeks with people really specialised in the topic and very enthusiastic about the topic. We had more than 200 students over the last six years. We had experience from the ground, professional working with drug addicts in the street or people in the commission or people doing research. Because of the high profile of our students, it is very lively, there is a lot of participation. I think one of the added value of the summer school is that students really came from very different backgrounds and geographical contexts. So for example in some of the countries the debate on the legalisation of some drugs is more advanced while in the other there is still discussion about the access to treatment and we had this amazing opportunity to bring these people discussing together. It has been a quite informative and enlightening training experience that I believe should not be perceived as limited to people living or working within the European Union. Now that I have taken part I think anyone from any part of the world can participate in this training programme as the information and experience shared are quite transferable between different settings in the world. We decided to organise the programme around themes. In 2017 we will talk about strategies and policies to reduce effectively drug-related mortality. Any researchers, anyone who would like to update themselves about the current issues around the European Union, definitely I would recommend them to come down. Besides that, it's good networking. You get to meet some lovely people and it's really nice.