Everybody Matt here for late in sports cars ripping two boxes of 2023 tops chrome baseball hobby for no a good luck Max Meyer This is rookie oh, man Rookie blue ray wave auto to 150 Jordan Walker. Congrats. No That's gonna show that to you and we'll keep my head back Any tear stains on the ray wave Awesome hit great way to start off the break Roger you are Not too far back here. Actually you're up next Oswald Paraza rookie refractor Josh young rookie. Oh, did you? There's a guy Rosario, will you don't miss? Prism and Herrera, I don't know that we have any regular bowman sapphire and stock That one's bowman chrome Alvin No, I don't I don't know. I don't think we have any 2022 Bowman sapphire. I'll check after this but Galsman refractor So Ellie is in Bowman chrome sapphire, but not his bowman first Nolan Jones future stars Royce Lewis There's tow bar rookie 88. Hey, thanks Skyler Vientos and Ohapi Scherzer. Yeah, there's there's still good hip potential in it The top rookies, you know J-Rod Bobby with Those guys and then also there's Cedric Mullins Fractor But also Christian Maccaro Roderick Arias Jackson Churio That is Oscar Coloss rookie magenta refractor to 399 Nate Eaton rookie refractor Jordan Walker rookie Jeremy Pena chrysum Mitchell Alex Brigham and Moreno, I can't believe we pulled a super anapathia Second boxes like in two. Yeah, Jeff McNeil tops pro-authentics game use Jersey. I really like Dirty to it wasn't in the same box. That's me. It was back-to-back boxes. There means Garcia rookie refractor What'd you say? Oh, the Jersey, yeah Jerry Balch Hyper her prison refractor rookie refractor Cal Stevenson Strimski and Riley Green Good and attendee Goldschmidt Kyle Tucker Boba chef rookie refractor Brandon bellow Gunner Henderson rookie Francisco Alvarez future stars rookie insert and Joe Ryan purple speckled 299 Just in tosses rookie Michael Grove rookie refractor Nolan Gorman rookie prison refractor box number two Still have some room if you want something ripped order it up and I'll get a rip for you Alec Manoa and rookie Otto Brewer Hicklin Jordan Walker rookie Javier Assad Ozzy Albee's refractor Tatis Kevin Galsman prism Mitch Handiger refractor Maggie 88 Ezekiel Tobar rookie 88 And Riley Green rookie Max Scherzer Story refractor You know more likes Bring more likes will bring out the bigger hits J.P. Crawford aqua refractor to 199 Xander C.J. Cron Gunner Henderson Prism out of sale Garcia Tristan Casas future stars Melinda's meneses James Alvin rookie Nate Eaton rookie prison. Well, how about a big parallel in this box? Must grow refractor Kodai Senga rookie Olson Kyle Tucker Simeon C.J. Abrams Poo Hulse and Josh Smith rookie blue refractor to 150 D.L. Hall Spencer Steer rookie refractor Darvish Josh Young rookie prism refractor Alex Bregman And that'll do it for your box with Noel appreciate the purchase. Congrats on that Jordan Walker. We'll get these right out to you


Hi everybody, thanks for coming. I'm Katie Renfrow with the Five Points Association and we welcome you to our village today to have this awesome announcement from the Boyd Foundation and GroCo and I'm just going to go ahead and kick it off to the mayor to start us. Thank you. It's so exciting to be once again somewhere where we're celebrating and opening investments and people coming together collaboratively to grow our community and we got to continue that. We got to continue as a community to work together to grow Columbia. We are the capital city and we should be the number one city in the state of South Carolina. Our sister cities are being growing and now we have an opportunity. This is one step forward by folks coming together and we could not do this without the Boyd Foundation and Miss Boyd, your vision, your investment in our community, your continue your board and family working to make Columbia better. We just we can't thank you enough. There's not enough accolades to give y'all for what y'all are doing but this shows another investment that will change the face of Columbia. So with that I'd like to ask Will Brennan who is the representative from Five Points to speak as well but this is really an exciting time and we need to embrace this. This is only the beginning folks. I just want everybody to realize this is only the beginning. How about it? How's everybody doing today? It's uh you know we've been at this for for a little bit having wonderful get-togethers but I feel like there's a lot of people here today. That's important. That means something big is happening. There's a lot of energy and the energy is around this wonderful uh investment that's being made. You know a lot of cities in the southeast hang their hat uh having a niche on being innovative in the technology and and uh software world. Well Columbia is about to get into it. We're about to we're about to chase the Rallies, the Chattanooga's, the Tampa's as the best place for innovative and tech. We want to grow our little economy here to be unique and with the help of the Boyd Foundation and the help of this wonderful uh a tech center that um uh Chris somebody's going to come up here and describe what exactly this is. What this hub of innovation is going to do not only for our village here in Five Points but for the entire city. So we're very excited about today uh again this is Boyd and your team. We could not do a lot of things in Columbia without your vision your passion and your love for this city and we appreciate it so much. So uh excited about uh where this is going to take Columbia. Where this is going to take our our growth. We got a lot of talent. I say it all the time. We got a lot of talent in our universities, our our school systems. We want that talent to stay here. We want them to grow with our small businesses. With small business growth comes restaurants, retail, a better quality of life for all of us. So we are very excited today. So I'm not sure who's coming up to describe this wonderful incubator next but uh I'm going to hand it back over to Katie to let her decide y'all. Thanks so much. Chris are you around? Chris you told me you were going to do it. I don't know. Joe is good too. I wasn't expecting that. So thank you everyone for coming and thank you very much to Mrs Boyd and the Boyd Foundation. We're uh we're very grateful for this opportunity. For a long time Columbia's entrepreneurs have been trying to find a place to get together and collaborate and build the next high-tech high-growth company and now thanks to the Boyds we have that location. Chris and I have been for the last year working on three key things. One of them is having that destination. The other is this top of funnel activity. We need to keep founders and entrepreneurs in Columbia. We've got 4,000 people that walk out the door every May and we need to change that and this helps. And then the last piece is programming and so what Chris did to help Durham into this amazing city, this destination for high-tech founders and entrepreneurs, we're going to run that same play here. And thanks to the Boyd we have a nice runway to be able to do that. So thank you for coming and in this space in a few months you're going to have an energy when you walk in this door that you've not seen in Columbia. 100, 150 entrepreneurs solving the world's grand challenges right here. Thanks to the Boyds. Okay now we're going to hear from Mrs. Susan Boyd. I'm very glad to be here. I'm not used to doing this but Donnie and I were both born in Columbia and we have loved being here. It's just been a wonderful place and he loved to work and he works pretty doggone well.  I don't know much but the other people are working I think. And thanks to George Bailey who runs it and keeps it going and so it's turned into this and it's going to be bigger. And I want to thank all of you and it's really been fun to see what's happening and again I love being in Columbia. There are bigger places but I have certainly had a wonderful time being right here and I look forward to seeing what else happens. Thank you.


Aloha, I'm Marcia Joyner and we are navigating the journey. Navigating the journey is dedicated to exploring the options and choices in life and to assist people to talk about their wishes. It's time to transform our culture so we shift from not talking about government to talking about it. It's time to share the way we want to live our lives. We live in a democracy. We have the option to communicate with our elected officials to be sure they understand our wishes. They work for us. We the taxpayers pay their salary. Most people forget that relationship. Today we will journey down a very special path. The path that began in 1908 when the city and county of Honolulu was a new concept. As far back as the 6th century B.C., there were hundreds of cities, states in ancient Greece, across Europe, and Asia. But not until after the United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 where the city is here. This island, the entire island, is incorporated as the city and county of Honolulu. The city and county of Honolulu, like all governments in the United States, has three branches. The executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. The office of the mayor is the executive, the city council is the legislative, and the court council is the judiciary arm of the city and county of Honolulu. There are nine members of the city council. I'll bet most people do not know who their council member is. I suggest you get to know them. They are responsible for most every part of your daily life.  And the list goes on. Today I guest vice chair of the Honolulu city council, Ikaika Anderson. Ikaika is a dear friend. I've known him since he was a little boy. I hate to say that. Ikaika is a graduate of Kamehameha schools and then the University of Hawaii. And then he joined the staff of council member Barbara Marshall in 2003 and served as her legislative aide. After Barbara lost her fight with cancer in 2009, Ikaika ran for her vacant seat in a special election and won an overwhelming majority. He currently serves as vice chair of the Honolulu city council, chair of the council's committee on zoning and planning. He is also the executive secretary of the Hawaii state association of counties. That's all of the counties when they come together. You are part of the national association of counties and we go on and on and on. But he lives in Waimanalo and is the council person for that area or that's a large area which most people don't know includes all of these islands down into the Pacific. They don't even know them. They don't know them. Welcome Ikaika. And one last thing before we get into this conversation with Ikaika. I'm selling you to get to know your members. We have a little book, state publishes and it has every elected official's name and number in it. The book is free. Call them. Get it. Call them. Folks can also call our office and we do provide those books as well. So there we are. So welcome Ikaika. Thank you very much Marsha. Pleasure to be here. And now let's talk about all of the things that are going on in the city council. First of all, how does the council work? What is the procedure? We know that you pass bills and like everybody else, all those busy bodies like me that show up and testify and write testimony and do all those things. How do we go from here to here to here? The city council is a legislative branch as you mentioned of the government structure of the city and county of Honolulu. What the city council is charged with is setting policy for the city and county of Honolulu. The mayor is the executive then implements those policies that are set by the council. So the council's role is really to set policy for the city. We also receive the budget from the mayor every year by March 1st as is required by the city charter and then we submit that budget back to the mayor either amended or not amended by June 15th of every year. I will point out though that never in the city's history has the council sent the budget back to the mayor without amendment. So no mayor has ever gotten their budget back from the city council in the form that they sent it to the council in. Well good. So that's the check and balance. Yeah. So do people come to your, to the committee, to the budget committee and say this is as a taxpayer this is what I want or I don't want? That's correct. The city council unlike the state legislature must accept testimony at every single meeting and along the way of every step of the process. So the state legislature when you have first reading, second reading or third reading on bills before the entire chamber whether it be the House or the Senate as you know Marsha. One can show up at the state Senate or state House chambers and offer testimony from the gallery. You'll kind of get escorted off the floor by the sergeant at arms. City council when we are in chambers for first, second and third reading we must accept verbal testimony from anyone who shows up wishing to testify. It seems to me that on first reading it always passes. First reading is usually a formality. But there are certain times where you will have the council vote no on first reading items. It has happened. It doesn't happen often. In my 14 years at Honolulu Hall serving as a staff member for the late council member Barbara Marshall to now my service on the city council as a council member myself. I can count the number of times that a measure has been voted down and killed by the city council on first reading on my fingers. I was going to say I don't remember. I can remember just a handful of times. It does not happen often. So now we last year election year we had this big thing about this charter amendments and you and I had this conversation about how far back we are with the charter and the plan, the planning that's somewhere written someplace. With the Oahu General Plan and all of the sustainable and development plans. Which is 25 years in arrears. Now we come to the sustainable community plans. And again you and I talked about that. So how do we implement this now, the community plans when we still have this 25 years of planning over here someplace. Well all of the sustainable community plans and the development plans come before the Honolulu City Council. And by ordinance these plans are supposed to be revised every five years. In short what these plans do is they guide growth policy for each respective area. So you have the Oahu General Plan that encompasses the entire island. Then you have individual plans. The Ko'olau Poco Sustainable Communities Plan, the Ko'olau Loa Sustainable Communities Plan, the Ever Development Plan, the North Shore Sustainable Communities Plan, East Honolulu Sustainable Communities Plan. All of these plans that fall under the Oahu General Plan. And these plans are guideline documents. Although they're passed by ordinance and they're set in law. These plans are mere guidelines for each community wants to see their community become over the next five years as the plan is implemented. What I will say though is that the five year review process simply is not enough time to be able to pass the plan and actually have it implemented before the review comes up in five years. For example in 2011 the North Shore Sustainable Communities Plan was passed. I'm not exactly certain where the Department of Planning and Permitting is on implementing that plan that the council passed. But I will tell you it's already passed due for the council to revise that plan. How do you revise something that really we don't know where it is being implemented? They're in life's part of the problem. Okay, so then here's this plan and it's passed and it's gone through all this and a developer comes along and says I want to build in the year. That's not part of the plan. How does that work? That developer would still be able to propose their development. Let's say in this hypothetical scenario that you're mentioning, a developer is proposing a rezone of land inside the confines of a Sustainable Communities Plan in an area where their rezoning isn't called for, where the plan doesn't mention any of that. The developer would still be able to propose a bill and to propose a zone change to the administration and to the City Council and have that zone change voted up or down. By the people in the community. By the City Council. But the community gets to agree. The people in the community, exactly. During the hearing process, the people in the community would come to the City Council, would hold up that Sustainable Communities Plan because this has happened before, and would say thank you very much, developer X, for your proposal. But according to the Sustainable Communities Plan, your proposal doesn't fit in the confines of this plan. We are therefore asking the Council to reject it. That has happened before. Oh. I'm glad to know that. It doesn't look like the way buildings go up, you know, you pant concrete and all of a sudden there's a building. So we have had developers come and make proposals in areas where their plans don't necessarily fit. Case in point, we have a developer who has proposed a development in Kaneohe, a roughly 200 home subdivision adjacent to Kolaul Golf Club. When I looked at the Sustainable Communities Plan, some years back when this developer first proposed this plan to my office, it simply is not called for within the Sustainable Communities Plan because that part of Kaneohe does not call for that type of growth. I shared that with this developer, that developer's project still has not gone for it. Oh, good. And I'm unable to support it because of that. Yeah, you're good. Yes. All right, now the big thing that we've all talked about is the Haiku Stairs. Where is that, what has happened, is it, I don't know, where is it now today? The Haiku Stairs have been closed for decades to public access. The stairs were put in place originally, originally this was a wooden staircase going up the face of the Kolaul Mountain Range. How high is it? There are a little more than 3,900 steps over here. And the steps were put in place by the United States military for the purposes of accessing the Omega cables that were utilized to reach our submarines. With today's technology, the Omega cables are now obsolete. That said, the United States Coast Guard allowed people to hike up the stairs, provided that folks came to the Coast Guard Omega Station, registered with the Coast Guard, received permission to access, and then they'd be given the opportunity to hike the stairs. When the Coast Guard transferred the stairs ownership away from the Coast Guard, there has been no management of the stairs, regular management of the stairs since that time. And again, this was decades ago. So the stairs have been closed for decades. Back in the late 1990s, the city and county of Honolulu spent a significant amount of money, more than $800,000, to refurbish the stairs into the metal staircase that it is today. Unfortunately, at that time, research was not done into the ownership of the valley floor. So the city and county of Honolulu was fought, owned the area where the stairs are. Also come to find out, the city and county of Honolulu never did own the watershed where the stairs are. The Honolulu Board of Water Supply was. So now the Board of Water Supply owns the stairs that were refurbished with city and county of Honolulu taxpayer dollars. But the valley floor that is necessary to traverse to reach the stairs in the first place is under ownership of multiple landowners. You have the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, you have the State Department of Hawaiian Homeland, and you have Kamehameha Schools, all owning property. Oh, different. Exactly, that you have to get through to access the stairs. Now let me say this one thing, because you mentioned the Board of Water Supply and the city. In 1908, when the city was created, in its infinite wisdom, the people that worked to create the city made the Board of Water Supply a semi-autonomous and the police department semi-autonomous. And if you read, if anybody that wants to go back and read all that, the idea was that no rogue mayor could turn off the water or call out the police department. So the city and county has these two semi-autonomous. Now at some point, the police department got folded into the city, and I don't know when that happened, but the point is the Board of Water Supply is still semi-autonomous. It is. Yeah. So that's why you have the two, when you mentioned the two separate owners. So now, okay, so now we have the stairs, the stairway to heaven, and it moves from the Board of Water Supply to the city. Is that what happened? It's under the ownership of the Board of Water Supply. So doing Barbara Marshall's tenure on the council and prior to her tenure, there was the problem of people trespassing through private property, oftentimes through private property owned by private citizens to access the stairs. So Barbara Marshall, during her tenure on the city council, was successful in encouraging the council to appropriate monies to hire a private security firm to put a security guard at the base of the haiku stairs to deter trespassing hikers. That was somewhat successful, but the city at the time was paying upwards of $70,000 per year for these security guards to be there. As we went through that whole exercise, it was then found that the stairs were actually owned by the Board of Water Supply. So the Board of Water Supply steps in, assumes ownership of the stairs. The Board of Water Supply then took over paying for the security guards to be present to deter trespassing hikers. But the security guards were only there at certain times because the costs, as I mentioned before, at $70,000 were fairly significant. The Board of Water Supply, though, increased that dollar amount to have the security there more often, so as to better be able to prevent trespassing hikers. The Board of Water Supply has since shifted to hiring off-duty Honolulu Police Department officers at special duty pay on the Board of Water Supply's dollar to help to prevent trespassing hikers from accessing the stairs. And from what we've heard, that's been very successful. Good. Now we are going to take a break, and when we come back, I want to talk about the other issues before the Council, the rail. Okay. We'll be right back. This is Think Tech Hawaii, raising public awareness. Some say scuba divers are the poor man's astronaut. At Dive Heart, we believe that to be true. We say, forget the moon. Dive Heart can help children, adults, and veterans of all abilities escape gravity, right here on Earth. Search DiveHeart.org and imagine the possibilities in your life. Aloha. We are here with Council Member Ikaika Anderson, who is Vice Chair of the City and County of Honolulu. Let's get that right. The City and County is a corporation. It is the entire island of Oahu. And in 1908, there were nine Council people, and 2017, there's only, there's still nine? Yes. Come on. Fifty-one House members and nine Council people. We started as a Board of Supervisors with only seven members, then in 1960, we shifted to a City Council with nine members. Back then, the population of Honolulu was maybe a little less than 400,000. Now here we are, nearly a million people. We still have only nine members. Keep in mind, the State House of Representatives, of course, has fifty-one members. Roughly thirty-five members represent Oahu. That's still, you know, but that North Shore area, huge, huge. How would a Council member go to meet all of those people? I don't envy being Ernie Martin walking door-to-door in this district. Well, listen, let's complete this talk about the plans and that whole area that was part of the Ko'olau Poko Sustainable Community Plan. With the Haiku Stairs? Yes. The Haiku Stairs, the Hawaiian Memorial Park, all of those things. The Ko'olau Poko Sustainable Communities Plan was recently passed by the Council and went to the Mayor for his signature. Mayor Caldwell did sign Bill 57 of 2016, which was the Ko'olau Poko Sustainable Communities Plan, and over the next five years this plan will be implemented. In regards to the timeline, I will be proposing legislation to increase the timeline from five years to ten years to allow for a greater time period to be able to implement these plans. The Department of Planning and Permitting simply does not have the staff to do a five-year review and implementation before the redraft of the plan come up, nor is five years significant enough time for the community to be able to get a plan passed and have it implemented before they really know what effect it had and what changes should be made. So we are working on that change, Mark. With Haiku Stairs, I'm actively working with Mayor Caldwell as we speak on a permanent solution to the issues of trespassing hikers and access to Haiku Stairs, and we'll be ready to make an announcement. People's property, yes. Because that's the big thing.  And as we speak, I'm working with Mayor Caldwell on a permanent solution to the Haiku Stairs that will address trespassing hikers, that will address people being able to access the stairs legally and being able to give the residents some peace. And we'll be ready to have a conversation with the community within the next 30 to 45 days. Everybody in the world saw the steps when President Obama went up the steps. Everybody in the world. And then everybody, I want to do it. So let's go to the Hawaiian Memorial Park. What was the issue of expanding it or not? The main issue of expanding the Hawaiian Memorial Park had to do with moving the urban growth boundary to allow for the expansion of the park. I will tell you that I did not cast a vote on Bill 57, which again was the Koala Poco Sustainable Communities Plan, because my family has owned and operated a floral business across the street from Hawaiian Memorial Park for more than 30 years. And with the expansion of Hawaiian Memorial Park, it can be argued that my family business will increase and will receive significant more business than we've had before with the allowing for more burials. So I did not vote on that matter because of that. So the primary issue was having to amend the urban growth boundary to allow for Hawaiian Memorial Park's expansion and the need for additional cemetery space in Winidawahu and folks concerned with the additional development of expanding the cemetery. Now part of that is the state government, where they bury all four veterans. So that's on that property also. It's in the same vicinity, but this does not have to do with the state veteran cemetery. It's with Hawaiian Memorial Park's expansion. So they coexist, is that it? The two cemeteries do coexist, yes. The state veteran cemetery was created when a former owner of Hawaiian Memorial Park made land available for the state veteran cemetery to come into existence. That was when John Henry Felix was one of the owners of Hawaiian Memorial Park. And while we're at it, I would like to commend John Henry Felix for his gift to make the state veteran cemetery even possible. It was during his ownership and leadership of Hawaiian Memorial Park that he even made that possible. It cost John Henry a significant amount of money to do it. And he was on the council. He was. But most folks don't realize is that gift did cost John Henry and his business partners a significant amount of money to do. Well, that's wonderful. Now, we have just a little bit of time and the elephant in the room is the rail. So where are we in the rail? What is going on? Will it ever get finished? How are we paying for it? I guess we should have taken this whole time to talk about the rail. We could have easily taken the whole time to talk about rail. Well, you can come back. Definitely. You can come back. The Honolulu City Council Budget Committee and Transportation and Planning Committee just approved Hart's financial plan, Hart is the Honolulu authority for rapid transportation. So in short, Hart is the rapid transit authority that is overseeing the construction of the rail project. The Council Committee on Budget and the Council Committee on Transportation and Planning just approved Hart's financial management plan that is being submitted to the federal government. This is a financial cost recovery plan that was submitted to the federal government that will detail to the federal government how the city and county of Honolulu will pay for this rail project's construction and how we will pay for it to reach Alamona Center as is required under the federal funding, the full funding grant agreement that was signed with the federal government. So what many folks will understand is that we are contractually bound with the federal government to have a rail system that goes from East Kapolei to Alamona Center. This isn't because we somehow came up with an idea just to have the system and want it to reach Alamona Center. We have a contractual obligation with the federal government to reach Alamona Center. Do I believe we will get there? Yes, I do believe we will get there. But what this financial recovery plan details is how we will get there and how we will fill the cost voids that have been left with continued cost overruns and that started really with delays and issuing notice to proceed contracts that helped to get us into this mess to begin with. Well, now... So that plan just went to the federal government on September 15th. Yes. The city council just put its stamp of approval on the, excuse me, the city council budget committee and transportation committees as I mentioned just put the committee's stamp of approval on that plan. It goes to the city council for a vote on Friday. Well, now visually, this is where I'm having an issue. All of those new multi-million dollar condominiums at Alamona, where does the train go? At this point in time, the train is scheduled to go down Capulani Boulevard. Well, there's still a million dollar condominiums all along there and in the view plane of these million dollars, you've got a train. You may. And I can't tell you because I wasn't involved with any of the real estate transactions of any of these condominiums being sold. I'm not certain if the owners had to put a disclosure on their sales contracts disclosing that fact. I couldn't speak to that. But real at this point is planned to go down Capulani Boulevard. What I'll also tell you is that the council is working with on this cost recovery plan. We expect to hear back from the federal government according to heart within the next six weeks as to whether or not the federal government will accept this plan or if the federal government will require any modifications. The state legislature authorized an increase statewide of the transit accommodations tax or the hotel room tax to help pay for rail. I believe that the fairest and most equitable way to pay for mass transit is for a simple extension of the general excise tax. We've been paying this tax to the city and county of Honolulu now for 10 years. Folks are used to paying it. I feel that because the general excise tax is paid for by everybody, from homeowners to renters to visitors, this is the best way to pay for rail. The state legislature disagreed. I'm pleased that the legislature did help us find the funding source to enable us to complete rail construction to Alamoa, but I am dismayed at the legislature choosing to utilize the transit accommodations tax. I'm also disappointed that the mode of financing chosen by the legislature will still leave us short of the necessary funding to reach Alamoa Center and the city will have to come up with additional dollars. And then we have talked about once it's up and running, who pays the electricity bill? Once it's up and running, the city and county of Honolulu pays for the operations maintenance. But I'll also tell you that as much as the legislature says they don't want to be partners in our rail system, well, they already are at their own doing. In authorizing the transit accommodations tax increase, they went ahead and authorized the city and county of Honolulu to implement a general excise tax surcharge. If the state legislature really wanted to be out of rail, they simply would have allowed the city and county of Honolulu to implement some type of a tax strictly for rail, and then it would have been up to the city council and the mayor to move that tax forward and the legislature could be out of it. So yes, the legislature is involved in their partner in the rail system, but at their choosing. Well, you must come back when we can spend the whole time on the rail, because that's the biggie and everybody talks about it, whether you like it and don't like it, that's not the issue. The issue now is how do we pay for it? The issue is how do we pay for it and how do we finish construction? So you will come back. It's been a pleasure today to have my dear friend all grown up, a little boy all grown up. Council member Ikaika Anderson. Thank you very much, Marcia. And we'll see you next week.


we're going to be trying to evaluate the factors that need to be considered when we are designing a chemical synthesis process and there are a number of different factors that we need to consider and we're going to kind of overview them very quickly in this video and also focus specifically on the availability of reagents. So this to me is an absolute special candidate for a nine mark question. Now I think the only question is when it's going to be tested. It would make sense if it was tested this year but it may not be. So we will see what happens with that. Either way I think it's really important to understand how you are going to evaluate a chemical synthesis process to include all of these factors and what we'll be doing over the next couple of videos which are the final ones in the HSC chemistry course is to just give you a bit of a focus on exactly what other sort of factors that you need to consider and I'm going to contextualize some of those in the context of a few different industrial chemistry processes. Some of which you may be familiar with already and some which you won't. I think the important thing here is for you to work on your case study we constructed this through a learning menu which allows you to have some choice over what you were doing but also to target specifically the information that you needed. So that allows you to target exactly the specific factors that you were looking at and set them in the context of your particular case study of an industrial process. Because no industrial process is actually specifically named I cannot imagine that you would have to know any of these off by heart but what you should be able to do is if given a certain amount of information be able to analyze it be able to identify some of the key factors and to be able to set it in a context that allows you to evaluate the chemical synthesis process. So of course the most important thing that we're looking at is that we're talking about synthesis and this is the production of a substance and usually what we're doing is looking at the production of a substance with some sort of industrial implications. That means large scale. Now one thing that's interesting is to try and draw the distinction between a synthesis process and an industrial scale process. There's certainly been a few examples where the particular development of a process does not necessarily then carry on to the large scale production of that particular chemical and probably one of the best examples of that that we've looked at is the Haber process. Nevertheless what you want to do is pick something and of course this doesn't have to be something new. This could be something for example like an ester. So we've looked at the process of esterification. So could I think through the production of an ester and particularly if I was to produce an ester on a large scale and go through all of these different factors in order to analyze that? Well the availability of reagents hopefully I remember that my ester is the synthesis of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. So therefore I would need to source both of those. Where would I get my alcohol? Well that could be from a fermentation reaction particularly if I'm looking at ethanol. It could also be from the hydration of ethene and I also need a carboxylic acid. So I can do that through an oxidation reaction of a primary alcohol and that will give me an ester and then I can use those two reagents in order to react to them to produce my ester. The reaction conditions of course are going to be a little bit different. I may decide that I want to heat this reaction. I know it's an equilibrium so I want to speed up the rate of the reaction. I may also want to use a catalyst like concentrated sulfuric acid. That would be quite useful as part of my reaction conditions. My yield and purity is going to depend on my moles and often the mole ratio. It's also going to depend on my methods of separation. If I have a mixture of organic substances I'm going to need to separate the ester from the other components. It's likely in an equilibrium that I'm not going to go to completion and therefore I'm not going to just have my products. I may have a mixture, a final mixture which contains reactants and products and therefore I'm going to need to separate them. Industrially esters will probably fit into perfume so cosmetics is probably the most likely place that you'll find the esters. Not the only place of course but we want to try and think about where our product fits in with these industrial which is large-scale use. Of course the food industry is another area where we might find the production of esters. Environmental issues are going to be interesting in terms of any vapours so any of the gaseous molecules that actually through the heating process vaporize and are released into the atmosphere. So I need to think about those. We also need to think about the fact that there is some volatility, there is some flammability that is part of the components of this particular process and I need to make sure that I'm keeping aware of those. The social issues may be simple as personal safety but they could also include things like labor force. So where are we going to source the labor that we need to run an industrial plant so that can actually affect things like even just the location of the plant. And economic issues are going to link specifically to yield. They're going to look at costs and they're going to look at profits. In the same sort of way you would expect economic issues always to be the case that I'd like to spend less than I make and so therefore I can produce a profit and the larger that profit is the more successful my business is going to be.


I just want to check that you can hear me. Please let me know if the volume is okay. You hear my voice okay? Just driving in the car. It's a late night drive, so I know it's a bit dark, but I do have an important message for you today. It's an important topic, something that no one really talks about when the narcissist finally leaves you alone. This is something that many of you are experiencing now, or it may be something you haven't experienced yet, but it will happen in time. It's very important to talk about this, because it does have an effect on you. The narcissist trained you. They conditioned you to where your life revolved around them.  That can have a detrimental effect on you, because you were addicted. They were the most important thing in your life. The first thing in the morning, when you woke up, you were thinking about them. You were worrying about them throughout the day. Before you went to bed at night, they're constantly on your mind, and some of you, when you really accept that the narcissist has gone for good, you may wish that they would hope for you. You may go calling back to them. You may beg, you may do anything for them, and the reason for that is because at some point, from dealing with them, lost all of your passions in life, you were taken off your purpose, what you were destined to do. You stopped doing that, and the narcissist became your new purpose in life. That's not good. It's not healthy.  It's no longer there. As strange as that sounds, and then when they break away, that's why it's so hard. I think that if you had other things, I mean, I'm sure you did before you met them, but they take it all away from you, and if you had other things that you were passionate about, other things that really meant something to you, your purpose in life, if you had that, you'd probably be able to move on a lot more easily. It's because they take all of that stuff away from us, and they isolate us. That's what makes it so hard, because I've been there in the past. I remember what it was like to have nothing to do for the day of a man just sitting by the phone, hoping the narcissist will call me, hoping that they will message me on social media, and it's impossible to move on like that. So this is the message for you, to put it simply, what are you doing? What's going on in your life? Do you have anything more important than the narcissist? Anything that you were passionate about? Because it is very important for you to have that. You have to put your mind on something else, and I know many of you will hold yourselves back. You're just thinking to yourself, you've just got to hold on, just got to wait a moment, because maybe the narcissist will come back, things will be okay again.  I mean, at first it was like the narcissist was clearly holding you back from everything in life.  You end up holding yourself back. They didn't even need to do anything anymore.  It's only when things start getting better for you, that then they may pop up again, just to know if they still have some influence over you. This is definitely something that happens. The narcissist will just leave you alone. They'll be gone, they'll be out of there, especially if they've found someone who's a fool, a doormat, someone who will do whatever they want, someone who doesn't confront them, and they've got someone like that. They don't need you anymore, and I know many of you are so stuck. They can tell you that they found someone else. You can see the pictures, and you'll still be waiting for them. You'll still be hoping that they're going to come back, and that's not right. When someone does that, it's over. There's no going back after that. Things are never going to be the same, given if they're not a narcissist, it doesn't matter.  That's why nothing, that's more significant to them than the narcissist. But if you do have someone else, that's going to separate you from the victims that just fall apart at the end of it. You need to have something that holds you together. If you have that, and there's nothing stopping you then, that's your motivation. Or even if you don't have something, that's okay, it doesn't mean that it's over. As long as you have a desire for something, and that desire makes you want to take action, because that's another thing that can help. You have a strong desire for something, and you'll do whatever it takes to get it.  You experience failures, you experience setbacks, but you don't let that define you. You don't let anyone define you. Instead, you just keep it moving. You don't let us do that. That's what separates us from those who are the victims until the day they die. It's that we don't let the narcissist define us. And not only that, but we don't let the abuse define us. It was just something that happened. Something that we had to go through to make us stronger and wiser. Doesn't have to define us. That doesn't have to be who we are for the rest of our lives. Yeah, it's really important to have something outside of the narcissist, something you just, something you desire, something you're striving to attain, because that's what really gets you out of the victim mode. That's what determines your success. Taking accountability. Accountability is very important. It's what prevents us from making the same mistakes again and again. We're always blaming someone else. Now, it can be improved. And that's not to say other people can't be at fault. But there's always some changes that we can make to make ourselves better. Sometimes you just got to ask yourself the question, what matters to me in this life? What's important to me? What is my purpose if I don't know what it is right now? How can I find out what it is? What do I have to do? Where do I have to go? Where do I have to? Sometimes you just got to put yourself in the shoes. The person that you want to be, whether it's in one year, five years or 10 years, however long it may be, start taking action as though you are that person right now. What would you do if you were the ideal version of yourself? Right now. Would you be worrying about the narcissist wondering what they're doing right now? Probably not. Of course, I'm not saying that this information isn't helpful. Of course, it's not always about the narcissist that you're wording it with. I mean, I think we're going to agree that it's becoming more and more common now. So we do need to be aware of this and have to continue to educate on it. But if you have this information, that could be the deciding factor in whether or not you end up with one again. But I'm more speaker on this specific person when they finally leave you alone. Maybe they already have. It was all fake. Anything, they were just obstruction to your happiness and success. They were the problem, the person that you should have got rid of. It's like you became addicted to someone who was holding you back, used intermittent reinforcement. Sometimes they would tell you how much they care about you, how much they love you, and how they want the best for you. But if you look at the relationship as a whole, how much action did they actually take? Times it's hard to accept. You don't want to believe that it's all fake. You want to think that you were dealing with a fake person all that time. All that time you wasted. I know you think in your mind, no, that's good and love to me. I know it.


Hello everyone, I'm Alicia Anderson and welcome to the Fort Report. Mark your calendar for the 29th Main Street Fort Worth Arts Festival. Four days of fun starts on April 10th. The biggest thing new that I feel we can offer to those who come downtown will be a celebration of the new art and the artists. All of them, 1400 artists have applied to be in the show and only 200 are selected. So quite a few of them are brand new and so their art will be brand new. And then of course the entertainment. Bob Schneider, the Mavericks, Robert Cray Band, Mingo Fishtrap, all of the headliners that we have plus a more of a focus on the local entertainer in all of our different stages and throughout the event. There's plenty of parking available but you can take advantage of public transportation for easy access. We're adding a new shuttle system to help you get downtown. So you'll be able to park at Farrington Field now in addition to a parking lot up near in the stockyards area and then shuttle downtown for only a buck each way. The T is partnering with us to bring that shuttle system into play and don't forget to ride the TRE which is also running on Sunday. I will also add that the Fort Worth B-Cycle is brand new for the festival this year. There are 14 stations near the festival area. So grab a bike and then ride the B-Cycle to downtown and that's the most convenient way to get here as well. Don't forget to download the Arts Festival app so you can get the complete schedule for the entertainers, artists information and know what to eat. Visit their website for more information. Here's a look at other events happening in and around Fort Worth in the next few weeks. For a listing of more events you always can check the website.


Good morning. Because the Brazilian Real was the strongest FX currency from the emerging markets in the past year and the Mexican peso has closed at an all-time low this week, everybody who comes from the United States and pays in US dollars can buy a Big Mac at McDonald's in Mexico at $2 while the same Big Mac costs $5 in Sao Paulo. So there is border tourism and border shopping going on between the United States and Mexico. That is something that is comparable to the Swiss franc and Germany.  So there are real developments behind what Trump might do next. The Federal Reserve has also some eyes on Trump and the uncertainty coming from what he wants to do. So yesterday the Federal Reserve, so that was in the minutes, has been written in the minutes from the last meeting in December where the Fed actually hiked rates again and the Fed presidents there said that they fear that there might be a growth overshoot by those fiscal stimulus programs from Trump and this might actually also hinder German government, the German government from doing more in regards to investing in infrastructure. Right now the German government is consuming a lot because of that plaque zero that we have. So German government actually has windfall profits coming from the low rates from the ECB. So we right now do not have any losses in the government coffers but we're not investing it. And one argument for explaining why we don't or why the German government doesn't do it is they want to prevent an overheating of the German economy which is quite strong already. In the United States the same counts. The United States economy is quite strong. The labor market is relatively strong. We have rising inflation expectations already and that is what the Federal Reserve yesterday said. They fear that with Trump if he goes into that relative strong growth and puts in place some infrastructure programs on a large scale they could be overheating and that should be prevented and so the Fed could hike rates faster. And if you compare Donald Trump to Ronald Reagan who was president in the 80s, the debt to GDP ratio back in Reagan times was 30%. And today we are near 109% and so inflation could spike fast if Trump isn't doing the right things. But if you look at the markets we are at 105, 53 for the euro dollars so we got a weaker US dollar in reaction to the Fed minutes so nobody really believes that the Fed is really going to hike rates very fast. Or there might also be some profit taking after the dollar rally in the past days. So there is still a lot of uncertainty in regards to Trump. Another development which is of note is that the LIBO rates have gone above 1% again. That was the first time since I guess the year 2009 or 2010 that the LIBO has gone above 1%. And the Fed I must say is quite slow to follow that market reaction on short term rates. They are below that of course. And yeah, there is some real economic results and developments and results are coming out of that. 20% of the US mortgage rates are coupled to the LIBO. Private US student credits in the United States are coupled or they go with the LIBO. And so now that is above 1% again means that the next mortgage rates and student credit payment for the yield on that credit will be higher. And that means that it is very probable that the free disposable income of US consumers is going down. And that might be also detrimental for growth in the coming weeks and months in the United States.


So, welcome back everyone. Although I said before the break we'd start a little bit early, we decided to just go ahead and start on time so that those just joining us at the published time wouldn't miss out. All right, so with that, I would like to introduce Joshua Watt. He's going to talk about software supply chain with the Yachto project. Please take it away. All right, hopefully, you can all see that. There's a black dot spot in the middle. Is that, did it move? There's a right hand side that moved, but there's a square in the middle that we can't see through. Okay, sorry. Wip. Did it go away? It went away. Everything is great. Thank you so much. Oh, okay. Sorry about that. I didn't get a chance to try it out beforehand. All right, so my name is Joshua Watt and today I'm going to talk to you about the software supply chain with the Yachto project. A little bit about myself. I've been working at Garmin since about 2009 and at least in my department, we've been using open embedded in the Yachto project since 2016. I am a member of the open embedded technical steering committee and if you would like to contact me, there's a whole bunch of ways that you can do that. So if you are unfamiliar with either the Yachto project or open embedded, there's sort of two organizations that work together to help you build your own Linux distributions. It's usually the common thing that's used to describe them primarily, but not exclusively focused at embedded projects. So open embedded is a community driven project that provides a lot of the core technologies such as open embedded core and the build system that's used called BitBake. And the Yachto project is a Linux foundation project that provides a lot of resources to ensure the project keeps running smoothly. They run a lot of the QA tests, do some of the really scheduling and provide documentation and things like that. So why is the software supply chain important? I think we all kind of have a pretty good idea of why we want to do this. But, you know, at the end of the day, we're using these big binary blobs or distributing them to our customers. And, you know, we really want to know what's in them, right? Like it can be a little opaque sometimes or frequently. And so we want to know, like, what's actually in this big binary blob that we're using or shipping to our customers, you know, and what software is in there? Like, where did that software come from? What version is that software that's in this thing? And then it's also very important that we know if we're complying with all of the software licenses that might be at play in this thing that we're shipping or using. And we also really want to know if it's been tampered with. So it's really important to know that the software hasn't been changed either maliciously or unintentionally in a way that would cause it to misbehave or do something that it's not supposed to do. And then we also want to make sure that we're not vulnerable to exploits, right? That we're not exposing ourselves or our customers to risks, basically. And so I'm going to address a whole bunch of ways that we address the supply chain, the software supply chain within the projects. So I'm going to talk about the general open embedded build flow that's driven by BitBake. I'm going to talk about software build material support, which we are working very hard to get added to the project very soon. I'm going to talk about reproducible builds, CVE checking, and then finally something called build tools. So yeah, so we'll start with the open embedded build flow here. So basically the point of building up with open embedded is to build images, what we call target images from source code. So the way this generally works is you've got this whole pile of source code and you feed it into this magic tool called BitBake, and it spits out this thing that we call a target image. And so, you know, most users of the project, this is kind of how they interact with it. They provide source code and some metadata and they feed it into this tool, and it spits out this thing that we call a target image. But when we say target image, that's not exclusively the thing that you would flash to an SD card and run on something like a Raspberry Pi, although we do support probably thousands of devices, embedded devices like that, where you can do that type of thing. It could also be like firmware for a microcontroller. I believe we've been support like building up Zephyr project images and things like that. So it could be something that you flash or run in a microcontroller. It could be something that you could boot on even a desktop PC if you were to install it on a hard drive.  So you can boot up images into QEMU to try out things or just run things in an emulated environment.  And you could run those in Docker or Podman or whatever container runtime image you're interested in. And it could be something that you wouldn't even traditionally think of as an image. So the project supports three different packaging formats, IBK, WN and RPM. And so your target image could actually be a package feed for all these packages that you've built, and you could point a device at that package feed and either update software or install new packages or whatever. And then there's also a whole bunch of internal things that the project can kind of build. So there's SDKs that it can build that allow you to compile software against a given image that you've previously produced. There's the extensive SDK, which kind of lets you do even more in addition to the SDK and like extend images and things like that. And then there's the build tools tarball, which I will talk a lot more about later. All right, so I'm going to kind of give you an overview of a highly simplified build flow that kind of gets across the general way that stuff is built up within the project. So what we start with here is we've got our host tools out here on the left. And so that's basically the minimum set of tools that are required by the project in order to compile stuff for your local host. This is going to be, you know, your local GCC, your local bin utils, maybe a couple other utilities and Python basically to run BitBake itself. And then up here, we've got our source code that we want to compile. And we've got these files that have metadata about that source code that's going to tell us like how to download it, how to compile it, how to package it and things like that. So what BitBake is going to do is it's going to take these host tools and it's going to use them to process some source code and some metadata and produce what we call native tools and cross-compilers. And so these are tools that are designed to run on your host system but might target something else, whatever your target image might be. So these would run on, for example, your desktop PC, but maybe target arm or something like that. And the important thing here is that we're producing a lot of these native tools that we're going to need later in the build so that they don't have to be part of your host tools. So we don't require necessarily a specific version of GCC to be installed on your host system, at least for the cross-compiler, so that we're building it ourselves so that we can control what version it is and all of these things. So then we're going to take those native tools and cross-compiler and we're going to process some more source code and recipe metadata and that's going to produce target packages.  And then finally, we have yet more recipe metadata and this actually describes how images are created. So this is going to pull in all of these target packages that you previously created and produce whatever your image is, your container image, your SD card that you want to flash to run on your Raspberry Pi or it could just be the index file for your package feeds, right? And so this is kind of how the general build flow works for this. Now the way that BitBake tracks the dependencies between all these things is through a sophisticated method of hashing. And so the way this works is all the things that feed into these metadata components are all hashed together into a single hash that represents that particular metadata. So for example, you'll have the hash of the source code with a SHA one of the source code is going to feed into the recipe metadata. And then all the recipe metadata itself is going to get hashed together and produce a single hash here. And then likewise for this target recipe here, the source code for that's going to get hashed in, but also any upstream recipes that it depends on, it's going to pull in the hash of those to produce its own hash, right? And so this kind of creates this chain of hashing, right? Where each recipe kind of depends on the hash of the previous recipe. And so just as an example, if the source code here for this recipe changes, that's going to trigger all of these things to get rebuilt because all of these hashes changes. So the native tool or cross compiler, whatever this recipe is describing is going to change because this recipe's hash changed. The target recipe here is going to have a new hash that's going to rebuild the target packages. And that's going to cause the final image to be rebuilt. And so because we have this rather sophisticated method of hashing and tracking all of this stuff, we actually have pretty good traceability just from the way the build system works, the way that BitBake operates, because we can kind of take this target image and trace back through all of these hashes to the actual recipe metadata that generated it and even back to the source code that we built as part of that recipe. So even before we get talking about like S-bombs and things like that, we're already kind of baking in this concept of tracing things back to where they came from within the build system itself. All right, so moving on to the software build materials. So what is an S-bomb? So we've been talking a lot about this. So I really like this diagram. So this has this application here at the end and we basically want to know like, what are all the things that fed into that and what do we know about them and what do we not know about them and how are they related to each other? And so the reason that I like this diagram in particular is because it reminds me a lot of this diagram. And so I think it should be kind of apparent that we already have a lot of this information that needs to go into an S-bomb because we have all this recipe metadata which is actually, we have a lot of metadata about the recipes, right? Like we know a lot about them. And so for the most part, it's just a matter of taking this metadata that we have and putting it into a format that can be consumed, right? So for example, we already know the versions of source code and where we downloaded it from because as part of the build process we are downloading it from some URL. We already have all the declared licenses because we track that as part of our metadata for some license auditing stuff that we have. We already know the build time dependencies. We had to know them in order to build the software in the first place. We know the runtime dependencies. Those have to be correctly enumerated in the metadata in order for the target image to be correctly assembled so that everything works together as it's supposed to at runtime. We do CVE tracking, which I can talk about later. So we already know which CVEs there are, which ones have been patched and things like that. We know all the source files because we downloaded them and we know what files are in each package and a whole bunch of other stuff that we just track in the metadata. So our general strategy for this has been to basically create this SPDX document every time we process this recipe metadata. So when we process these native tools we generate an SPDX document for it. When we process this target package we generate this SPDX document and same thing for the target image. And then when we're all done we take all of these SPDX documents that we've created and we smash them together into one big tarball archive that kind of describes this link to this image. So this is the SPDX archive that describes what's in this image. And you can distribute that with the image or do whatever you would like to do with it after that. And so because we have all these SPDX documents we need to kind of define the relationships between them. And we already know a lot of these relationships or all of these relationships just because of the way that things are structured within the build. So the thing that we start with over here is we have this image index JSON file. And this is an SPDX format. We just use it to kind of describe what's all in that archive. So you don't necessarily have to go through and parse every single SPDX document to find something. And so this kind of indexes all these other SPDX files that are gonna be in here. And then we have an SPDX file for every package that was installed on the target image. And so this package SPDX is gonna describe basically the files that are on the root file system. And then it's also going to say, it contains all those files with an SPDX relationship. And it's also gonna have an SPDX relationship to the recipe that created it because you can have multiple packages come be generated from a single recipe. And then something else that we do is we actually parse the ELF debug data and generate relationships between the packages and other recipes that provide those debug sources. And I'll show you an example of what that looks like here in just a second. And then finally, we've got the recipe SPDX which kind of describes the source code, how the source code was built when we process the recipe. And so from those, we can put in these build dependency of relationships on all of the build time dependencies of the recipe SPDX. All right, so I'll just show you a really quick example here. Hopefully you can all still see this of what this, this is just the index JSON file. It's pretty basic. It just lists the document namespace, the file name for everything in the archive and it's SHA-1. And this is basically just so that you don't have to parse through every single file to pull this information out because we found that was kind of annoying. So we've got, this is for example, the base files package that got installed on the system, on the target image. And then I will try to find it. There's a lot of them. All the kernel modules and all that. And then down here we have the recipes. Right, so this is the SPDX document that describes a recipe. So there's like curl and there's a DB native. So it's important to note that we're not only including the SPDX documents for the packages that actually got installed on the target and the recipes that built those packages, but also the native recipes that were used and provided tools that we use to build, right? So we have a fairly rich supply chain by generating, by including those native recipes also. So we can look at the native SPDX, sorry, the package SPDX document is a lot of data, I know. So we've got our external document references up here. Here's all the files that were included in the package. So these would be the files that are actually installed on the root file system. You know, we've got the declared license in there and the version information. And then here's the relationships, right? So this is basically saying this package, this ATTR package was generated from the recipe SPDX, the recipe package that's provided in the recipe SPDX file. And then it's also got all of the files here. And then finally, so this is something that we pulled out from the debug information right here, right? So in the debug information for this ATTR program, it had get opt-core.h. So we actually add in the dependency saying that this ATTR program was generated from the GDLibC recipe, right? So we can actually track all of those things too. And there's a lot of them in there that we can do. And then we'll look at the recipe SPDX file really quickly here. It looks pretty similar. It's got a lot of more external references because it is pulling in a lot more things. So here's all the source code files that got pulled into the recipe. And then down here, sorry, I know this is a lot of scrolling. Yeah, so there's the actual package itself. You can see we're providing the CPE index for the thing if you want to cross-reference what CBEs are in there. And there's the homepage and the declared license again. And then, yes, this is all the source file relationships for the contains. And then down here, right, we have build dependency of, right? So when we built this particular recipe, we depended on Bison native. So that was the native Bison tool that we built ourselves. And so we add that build dependency in here as to say build dependency of. So we have a very rich set of relationships that we can describe with our SBOM stuff. So it's designed to be very easy to do this and automatic. So you basically just add this one line into your project configuration and it'll spit out SPDX documents. We do have a few knobs to control the amount of data generated and how long it takes to generate it because it is a ton of data. So for example, the target image that I produced was for QE and Mu and it was about 40 megabytes and the SPDX compressed that I produced was also about 40 megabytes. So we're generating about as much SPDX data as like the actual image. And we're not necessarily trying to be all things to all people. Like a lot of people want to like run phosology and things like that. But we're hopefully providing enough data that now it's really easy that someone could come in and write a tool that would run all of this against phosology and do additional license scanning and things like that. So we're trying to kind of generate as much data as we have so that people can do whatever they want with it. There's a lot of things we'd like to do in the future. We'd really like to add runtime dependencies but we're having a little trouble figuring out how to integrate that data sanely. And we really want to have support for pulling in these SPDX and SBOM documents from upstream source code. So if the source code itself provides an SPDX document or something like that, we should be able to pull that into our archive basically and correctly link against it. And we'd also like to do some level of source code scanning so we can get the concluded licenses and there's a ton more SPDX builds we could add support for that we just haven't gotten around to yet. All right, so moving on from that, I'm going to talk about reproducible builds. So, you know, why do we need reproducible builds? There's a lot of reasons and I highly recommend you go visit reproduciblebuilds.org to check some of those out. It's a really great website for this. And there's basically two reasons that we want reproducible builds from a supply chain perspective. And the primary one is to resist attack. So if the builds are reproducible, it's a lot easier to see what binaries need more scrutiny when you're trying to figure out if something's changed. And then the other thing is the compiler trust issue which requires reproducible builds basically to figure out if you can trust your compiler. From the project in general, we're actually really interested in reproducible builds from another reason, which is that there's not a specific guarantee that the recipe metadata that when we compile this source code with this recipe metadata, it's going to produce the exact same thing every time. But the thing that we use to determine dependencies between things is that SHA-1 of the metadata is not like the SHA-1 of what that thing output. So there's not necessarily a strong, like it's not necessarily the same like the SHA-1 is always this specific native tool, but that's what we want because that's how we're using the SHA-1s in the dependency chain. So we want reproducible builds for this reason also because it really gives us a lot more trust basically and reliability in our dependency tracking system. And it really kind of closes the loop here, right? Because if the builds are reproducible, then you can actually trace this target image back to the actual binary things that got produced by these recipes in addition to the recipe metadata and the source code. And so what are we doing about reproducibility? Well, we're doing a lot of testing. So the ActiveProject Autobilder regularly tests for regressions and we actually have a little website here that publishes this. So you can see this was run, yeah, this was run 818. So that was today. So they found 12 packages that didn't build reproducibly today. Normally that's zero, but we caught it at a good time. So yeah, so they're testing 34,000 packages for reproducibility. So that's a lot of testing that they do for that. And that's actually like 11,000 different target packages that they test across three different package formats. So we test IPK, Debian and RPMs for reproducibility. And that's how you get that 33,000 number. And they actually test this across multiple build hosts. This isn't something I've seen a whole lot done. So they're actually making sure that the source code and metadata, if you take the same source code and metadata and compile it on Fedora, you're gonna get the exact same output as if you compiled it on Debian. And that's really cool because that makes sure that stuff about your host build isn't leaking into your final target image or target packages like that. And then the other thing that we do that makes it really easy to debug reproducibility is we have automatic Difascope output. So Difascope is this amazing tool that can diff anything. And so if we detect something that's not reproducible, we generate this HTML output and publish it. And so people can go in and very easily see like why this thing isn't reproducible. And so I have a little example of this right here. So this is an example of a package we found that wasn't building reproducibly. And so we have Elfie Tools P test here, this Debian file. And we found that this wasn't the same between two builds. And so we ran it to Difascope and you can see here, it actually knows how to drill down inside the Debian file and it says the data.tar.gz differed by a couple bytes. And then it even knows how to drill into that data.tar.gz file. And so it says, oh, this make file was different. And then if we scroll down here a little more, we can actually see, oh, this make file, this have z standard was no here and it's yes here. And so that was the difference in that particular file. And so it just makes it really easy to debug when things aren't building reproducibly. And Difascope is really powerful. It can actually even go into like Elf headers and things like that and show you all that. And it's really easy to extend this into your own build. We've set it up so you can basically make a Python file with these three lines and test whatever you want yourself for reproducibility because even though we're testing 11,000 different target packages, that may not be the super set of things that you care about. So you can add these three lines to a Python file and then run your own reproducibility tests on whatever it is you happen to care about. All right, so CVE checking. So the active project is doing weekly CVE checks across all the active branches. So that would be the master branch, the stable branch and the long-term support branch. And they have used coffee as a bribe to get people to fix CVEs. So that was kind of fun. And so here's the graph. They track these metrics over time. And so this green branch here is our LTS branch. Blue is the master branch. And then we've got, this was our previous stable branch and there's the red stable branch. So you can see they're tracking these CVE metrics and trying to make sure that they get fixed in a timely manner. All right, last of all, build tools. So build tools is one of these things that they can output. And basically the point of build tools is to provide all of the host tools that you need to build, right? And so it can kind of slot in here and replace all of these host tools with things that have actually been built by the project itself or that you've built yourself with your system. And so this is really powerful now because what this means is all of the things that I have previously talked about, about reproducibility and S-bombs and CVE tracking and all of those things now apply to all of your host tools, right? So all of the people that have been asking, can you track the S-bomb for your host tools? Yes, you can, because you can build your own and use them to build up your whole project, right? So because of this, like, we have a very strong supply chain because you can track this target image back through not only all the recipe metadata and source code that you use to build it, which includes most of the tools that were actually, most of the native tools that were actually used to build it, you can also track it to those few remaining host tools that may have been difficult to track previously. And so, you know, if you had some sort of air depth golden system or something like that, you could use that to build some build tools, sign and distribute them to your developers and they could use those and you'd be able to trace back your supply chain all the way back to that, you know, single golden builder that built your build tools. So hopefully, you know, that's cool. All right, questions. I got to go back to Zoom, so it might disappear here for a second. Did I close Zoom? Did I close Zoom? I hear you. Okay, okay. You're good, you're good. Okay, I freaked out there for a minute. Sorry. Yeah, you got a couple of questions. Yeah, you got a couple of questions here in the Q&A. There's a question from Shua Khan, how does build reproducibility work with configuration options and selection of features? Right, yes. So, yeah, I mean, you're only going to get the same output if you have the same features enabled, right? But we try, you know, it's really configurable. So like if you change a package config option, obviously you're gonna get different output. But we try really hard to capture all of the configuration options in the metadata so that it's always the same. So yeah, that's how that works. Okay, we had a question, although we had one answer, I think I'd love to hear your take on it. It's really two questions. Where are you tracking the metadata, in this case, the SBDX archive? And also, how are you ensuring that the SBDX archive isn't compromised? Thomas D. Bergen gave a shot at it, but I'd love to hear your take, too. Right, so are you just so, sorry, the first question was about the... How are you tracking the metadata archive? The metadata, so the metadata is actually just a file. It's a recipe file that we use. It's just how we describe the metadata. It's just, it's a text file. It looks a lot like, I don't know how to describe it. But yeah, yeah, so you would potentially wanna, I think there's even tools to let you archive all of that up if you want and you could sign that in a tarball. And the same with the SBDX, we don't have it yet, but you could sign that tarball or sign individual SBDX files if you wanted to make sure that they haven't changed and are done. And, you know, SBDX is really big on, with the document references, they're all hashed, right? So that's good, because it means like, if the document you're depending on has changed, you'll know immediately. It's a little annoying when you're trying to generate them because it's like, oh, I wanna go in and change something later about an SBDX, like, no, you can't do that, right? Change the hash. So, yeah, that's where we're running just a little trouble with the runtime dependencies, but. Okay. Well, thank you very, very much. Let's see here. Oops, one last one. How do you maintain the baseline in the reproducible build context? I'm not even sure exactly what they mean by that. Maybe you can take a shot at it. Yeah. Yep, so that gets fairly complex into the way. So when I talked about like, when this hash changes, that cascades all of these things and causes rebuilds, right?  And so that's kind of basically how the baseline is captured by the auto builder is like, effectively every time we build something, we're tearing it up into a tar ball and storing it so that if we come across that same hash later, we can just extract it and use it instead of actually building the thing. And so that kind of encapsulates the baseline. And so for the most part, the reproducible build test is just comparing like all of those cash tar balls against a fresh build, if that makes sense. I think we could keep talking, but sadly we've got another presentation. I say sadly, but I'm gonna have to correct that because I'm looking forward to that. Also, so Joshua, thank you so very, very much.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, we will discuss the following question and the question says, find the difference between the place value and first value of 5 in 853, 2, 7, 9, 6, under international system of simulation. Before we start solving the question, let us first recall what is the place value and first value of a digit in a number. Now, the place value of a digit in a numeral is upon the place that occupies in the place value chart, the face value of a digit in a numeral remains as it is whatever place it may be occupying in the place value chart. So this is the key idea for this question. And using this key idea, we will solve the question. Let's move on to the solution now. Now, the given number is that is 85324769. As you can see, the number is large. So we insert comma after each period. So in international system simulation, the given number is 85,323,769. Now, we will find the place value of 5 in the given number. Place value of 5, the number 85,324,769, depends upon the place it occupies in the place value chart. So under international system of numeration, place value of 5 is equal to 5 into 1,0,0,0,0,0. Since 5 occurs at the millions place, so we multiply 5 by 1 million. This is equal to 5,0,0,0,0,0,0, that is 5 millions. Now the place value remains as it is. So place value of 5, 85,324,769 is equal to 5 only. Now the required difference is between the place value of 5 and place value of 5 in the number 85,324,769 is equal to 5 millions. This is equal to 4,99,99,95. This is the difference between the place value and place value of 5 in the given number under international system of numeration. So the final answer is 4,99,99,95. With this we end our session. Hope you enjoyed the session.


And the governorship aspirant of the Nigerian people's party, ENPP, all Nigeria's people's party, I beg your pardon, in the forthcoming governorship election in Edo state, Dr Pastor Azeme Azena has voted the bill initiated at the National Assembly for Nigerians to acquire guns as a way of defending themselves and stopping insecurity in Nigeria. Pastor Azeme Azena said that political leaders and the lawmakers are not sincere in the fight against insecurity in the country, noting that approving guns for Nigerians will not tackle insecurity, that notating against the development of the country in Nigeria. We should carry guns.   The gun will be in your house. Your children will have access to it, no matter how you heard it. In the society where we are, it is not... Nigeria has not got it to that point whereby you say, for sure, license gun and carry. Even this vigilantee we brought up recently, have you not discovered that? Not even people use the gun to kill themselves. So I will not agitate for licensing of guns for civilians. There are other ways to tackle insecurity. Our leaders are not sincere. However, Pastor Azeme Azena has called on governments and other heads of security agencies to strengthen the security architecture across all levels as a way of fighting insecurity in the country. If I become the governor of this state, I will take six months to capé for oppression. Drop your arms. Let's take care of you. If the governor of any state comes up tomorrow, drop your arms. We will take care of you. You will see people, we will virtually, the people they are using to arrest these boys, look into them. The IGP have taken official transfer of the policemen all over the federation. Most of our problems are not caused by the policemen. We have overstayed in the city area. Thank you.