Letters 41 of Clarissa, Vol. 1. Miss Clarissa Harlow to Miss Howe Tuesday, March 21st. How willingly would my dear mother show kindness to me were she permitted? None of this persecution should I labour under, I am sure, if that regard were paid to her prudence and fine understanding which they so well deserve. Whether owing to her, or to my aunt, or to both, that a new trial was to be made upon me, I cannot tell. But this morning her shawry delivered into my hand the following condescending letter. My dear girl, for so I must still call you, since, dear, you may be to me in every sense of the word, we have taken into particular consideration some hints that fell yesterday from your good Norton, as if we had not, at Mr. Somes's first application, treated you with that condescension, wherewith we have, in all other instances, treated you. If it even had been so, my dear, you were not excusable to be wanting in your part, and to set yourself to oppose your father's will in a point which he had entered too far to recede with honour. But all yet may be well. On your single will, my child, depends all our happiness.  I hinted to you, you must remember, that passons of the richest silks were sent for.  I could have wished they might not have accompanied this letter, but there is not great matter in that. I must tell you that your delicacy is not quite so much regarded as I had once thought it deserved to be. These are the newest, as well as the richest, that we could procure, answerable to our situation in the world, answerable to the fortune, additional to your grandfather's estate, designed you, and to the noble settlements agreed upon. Your father intends you six suits, three of them dressed suits, at his own expense. You have an entire new suit, and one besides, which I think you never wore but twice. As the new suit is rich, if you choose to make that one of the six, your father will present you with an hundred guineas in lieu. Mr. Psalms intends to present you with a set of jewels. As you have your grandmothers and your own, if you choose to have the former new set, and to make them serve, his present will be made in money, a very round sum, which will be given in full property to yourself, besides a fine annual allowance for pin-money, as it is called, so that your objection against the spirit of a man you think worse of than it deserves will have no weight, but you will be more independent than a wife of less discretion than we attribute to you perhaps ought to be. You know full well that I, who first and last brought a still larger fortune into the family than you will carry to Mr. Psalms, had not a possession made me of near this that we have made for you. Where people married of their liking, terms of the least things stood upon, yet should I be sorry, if you cannot, to oblige us all, overcome a dislike. Wonder not, Clary, that I write to you thus plainly and freely upon this subject. Your behaviour hitherto has been such that we have had no opportunity of entering minutely into the subject with you. Yet, after all that has passed between you and me in conversation, and between you and your uncles by letter, you have no room to doubt what is to be the consequence. Either child we must give up our authority, or you your humour. You cannot expect the one. We have all the reason in the world to expect the other. You know, I have told you more than once, that you must resolve to have Mr. Psalms, or never to be looked upon as our child. The draft of the settlement you may see whenever you will. We think there can be no room for objection to any of the articles. There is still more in them in our family's favour than was stipulated at first when your aunt talked of them to you. More so, indeed, than we could have asked. If upon perusal of them you think any alteration necessary it shall be made, do my dear girl send to me within this day or two, or rather ask me for the perusal of them. As a certain person's appearance at church so lately, and what he gives out everywhere makes us extremely uneasy, and as that uneasiness will continue while you are single, you must not wonder that a short day is intended. This day fortnight we design it to be, if you have no objection to make that I shall approve of, but if you determine as we would have you and signify it to us, we shall not stand with you for a week or so. Your sight-lines of person may perhaps make some think this alliance disparaging, but I hope you will not put such a personal value upon yourself. If you do, it will indeed be the less wonder that person should weigh with you, however weak the consideration, in another man. Thus we parents in justice ought to judge that our two daughters are equally dear and valuable to us. If so, why should Clarissa think that a disparagement which Arabella would not, nor we for her, have thought any, had the address been made to her? You will know what I mean by this without my explaining myself farther. Apply to us now, therefore, your compliance with our wishes, and then there is an end of your confinement. An act of oblivion, as I may call it, shall pass upon all your former refractoriness, and you will want more makers happy in you and in one another. You may in this case directly come down to your father and me in his study, where we will give you our opinions of the patterns with our hearty forgiveness and blessings. Be a good child as you used to be, my Clarissa. I have, notwithstanding your past behaviour and the hopelessness which some have expressed in your compliance, undertaken this one time more for you. Discredit not my hopes, my dear girl. I have promised never more to interfere between your father and you if this my most earnest application succeed not. I expect you down, love. Your father expects you down. But be sure, don't let him see anything un- cheerful in your compliance. If you come, I will clasp you to my fond heart with as much pleasure as ever I pressed you to it in my whole life. You don't know what I have suffered within these few weeks past, nor ever will be able to guess till you come to be in my situation, which is that of a fond and indulgent mother praying night and day and struggling to preserve against the attempts of more ungovernable spirits, the peace and union of her family. But you know the terms. Come not near us if you have resolved to be undutiful. But this, after what I have written, I hope you cannot be.  Think for me, my dearest friend, how I must be affected by this letter. The contents of it is so surprisingly terrifying, yet so sweetly urged. Oh, why, cried I to myself, am I obliged to undergo this severe conflict between a command that I cannot obey, and language so condescendingly moving? Could I have been sure of being struck dead at the altar before the ceremony had given the man I hate a title to my vows, I think I could have submitted to having been led to it. But to think of living with and living for a man one abhors, what a sad thing is that. And then how could the glare of habit and ornament be supposed any inducement to one who has always held that the principal view of a good wife in the adorning of her person ought to be to preserve the affection of her husband, and to do credit to his choice, and that she should be even fearful of attracting the eyes of others. In this view must not the very richness of the patterns add to my disgust. Great encouragement, indeed, to think of adorning oneself to be the wife of Mr. Holmes. Upon the whole it was not possible for me to go down upon the prescribed condition. Do you think it was? And to write, if my letter would have been read, what could I write that would be admitted, and after what I had written and said to so little effect? I walked backward and forward, I threw down with disdain the patterns. Now to my closet, retired I, then quitting it through myself upon the setee, then upon this chair, then upon that, then into one window, and then into another. I need not what to do. And while I was in this suspense, having again taken up the letter to re-peruse it, Betty came in, reminding me by order that my papa and mama are waited for me in my father's study. Tell my mama, said I, that I beg the favour of seeing her here for one moment, or to permit me to attend her anywhere by herself. I listened at the stairs' head. You see, my dear, how it is, cried my father, very angrily. All your condescension, as your indulgence here too for, is thrown away. You blame your son's violence, as you call it. I had some pleasure in hearing this. But nothing else will do with her. You shall not see her alone. Is my presence an exception to the bold creature? Tell her, said my mother to Betty, she knows upon what terms she may come down to us, nor will I see her upon any other. The maid brought me this answer. I had recourse to my pen and ink, but I trembled so that I could not write, nor knew what to say had I steadier fingers. At last Betty brought me these lines from my father. Undutiful and perverse Clarissa! No condescension I see will move you. Your mother shall not see you, nor will I. Prepare, however, to obey. You know our pleasure.  And when Mr. Soames can introduce you to us, in the temper we wish to behold you in, we may perhaps forgive his wife. Although we never can in any other character our perverse daughter. As it will be so privately performed, clothes and equipage may be provided for afterwards. So prepare to go to your uncle's for an early day in next week. We will not see you till all is over, and we will have it over the sooner in order to shorten the time of your deserved confinement and our own trouble in contending with such a rebel as you have been of late. I will hear no pleas. I will receive no letter nor expostulation. Nor shall you hear from me any more till you have changed your name to my liking. This from your incensed father. If this resolution be adhered to, then will my father never see me more. For I will never be the wife of that Soames.  Tuesday evening. He, this Soames, came hither soon after I had received my father's letter. He sent up to beg leave to wait upon me. I wonder at his assurance. I said to Betty, who brought me this message, let him restore an unhappy creature to her father and mother, and then I may hear what he has to say. But if my friends will not see me upon his account, I will not see him upon his own. I hope, Miss," said Betty, you will not send me down with this answer. He is with your papa and mama. I am driven to despair, said I. I cannot be used worse. I will not see him. Down she went with my answer. She pretended it seems to be loath to repeat it, so was commanded out of her affected reserves, and gave it in its full force. Oh, how I heard my father's storm! They were all together, it seems, in his study. My brother was for having me turned out of the house that moment, to lovelace and my evil destiny. My mother was pleased to put in a gentle word for me. I know not what it was, but thus she was answered, My dear, this is the most provoking thing in the world in a woman of your good sense, to love a rebel as well as if she were dutiful. What encouragement for duty is this? Have I not loved her as well as ever you did? And why am I changed? Would to the Lord your sex knew how to distinguish.  The fond mother ever made a hardened child. She was pleased, however, to blame Betty, as the wench owned, for giving my answer its full force, but my father praised her for it. The wench says that he would have come up in his wrath that my refusing to see Mr. Somes had not my brother and sister prevailed upon him to the contrary. I wish he had, and were it not for his own sake that he had killed me. Mr. Somes condescended, I am mightily obliged to him truly, to plead for me. They're all in two months. How it will end, I know not. I am quite weary of life. So happy till within these few weeks. So miserable now. Well, indeed, might my mother say that I should have severe trials. P.S., the idiot, such a one am I treated like, is begged, as I may say, by my brother and sister. They have desired that I may be consigned over entirely to their management. If it be granted, it is granted on my father's part, I understand, but not yet on my mother's. What cruelty may I not expect from their envy, jealousy, and ill-will? I shall soon see by its effects, if I am to be so consigned. This is a written intimation, privately dropped in my woodhouse walk, by my cousin Dolly Harvey. The dear girl longs to see me, she tells me, but is forbidden till she sees me as Mrs. Soames, or as consenting to be his. I will take example by their perseverance. Indeed I will. End of Letter 41. One by Samuel Richardson. Letter 42. Miss Clarissa Harlow to Miss Howe. An angry dialogue, a scolding bout-rather had passed between my sister and me. Do you think I could scold, my dear? She was sent up to me upon my refusal to see Mr. Soames. Let loose upon me, I think. No intention on their parts to conciliate. It seems evident that I am given up to my brother and her by general consent. I will do justice to everything she said against me, which carried any force with it. As I ask for your approbation or disapprobation of my conduct upon the facts I lay before you, I should think it the sign of a very bad cause if I endeavored to mislead my judge. She began with representing to me the danger I had been in. Had my father come up, as he would have done had he not been hindered by Mr. Soames among the rest, she reflected upon my Norton as if she encouraged me in my perseverance. She ridiculed me for my supposed esteem for Mr. Loveless, was surprised that the witty, the prudent, nay the dutiful and hives, as she so sneeringly pronounced the word, Clarissa So should be so strangely fond of a profligate man that her parents were forced to lock her up in order to hinder her from running into his arms. Let me ask you, my dear, said she, how you now keep your account of this disposition of your time? How many hours in the twenty-four do you devote to your needle? How many to your prayers? How many to letter writing? And how many to love? Doubt. I doubt my little dear was her arch-expression. The latter article is like Aaron's rod, and swallows up the rest. Tell me, is it not so? To these I answered, that it was a double mortification to me to owe my safety from the effects of my father's indignation to a man I could never thank for anything. I vindicated the good Mrs. Norton with a warmth that was due to her merit. With equal warmth I resented her reflections upon me on Mr. Loveless's account. As to the disposition of my time in the twenty-four hours, I told her it would better have become her two piteous sister in distress than to exult over her, especially when I could too justly attribute to that disposition of some of her wakeful hours no small part in that distress. She raved extremely at this last hint, but reminded me of the gentle treatment of all my friends, my mothers in particular, before it came to this. She said that I had discovered a spirit they had never expected, that if they had thought me such a championness they would have hardly ventured to engage with me. But that now, the short and the long of it was, that the matter had gone too far to be given up, that it was become a contention between duty and willfulness whether a parent's authority were to yield to a daughter's obstinacy or the contrary, that I must therefore bend or break. That was all, child. I told her that I wished the subject were of such a nature that I could return her pleasantry with equal lightness of heart. But that if Mr. Psalms had such a merit in everybody's eyes in here particularly, why might he not be a brother to me rather than a husband? Oh, child, says she, me thinks you are as pleasant to the full as I am. I begin to have some hopes of you now, but do you think I will rob my sister of her humble servant? Had he first addressed himself to me, preceded she, something might have been said. But to take my younger sister's refusal, no, no, child, it is not come to that neither. Besides, that would be to leave the door open in your heart before you know who, child, and we would feign bar him out if possible. In short, and then she changed both her tone and her looks, had I been as forward as somebody to throw myself into the arms of one of the greatest profligates in England who had endeavored to support his claim to me through the blood of my brother, then might all my family join together to save me from such a wretch and to marry me as fast as they could to some worthy man who might opportunely offer himself. And now, Clary, all's out and make the most of it. Did not this deserve a severe return? Do say it did. To justify my reply, alas for my poor sister said I, the man was not always so great a profligate how true was the observation that unrequited love turns to deepest hate. I thought she would beat me, but I proceeded to have heard often of my brother's danger and my brother's murder when so little ceremony is made with me. Why should I not speak out? Did he not seek to kill the other if he could have done it when my brother had given loveless his life had it been in his power? The aggressor should not complain. And, as to the opportune offers, would to heaven someone had offered opportunely to somebody. It is not my fault, fella. The opportune gentlemen don't come. Could you, my dear, have shown more spirit? I expected to feel the weight of her hand. She did come up to me with it held up, then speechless with passion ran halfway down the stairs and came up again. When she could speak, God give me patience with you. Amen, said I. But you see, Bella, how ill you bear the retort you provoke. Will you forgive me? And let me find a sister in you as I am sorry to think me unsisterly in what I have said. Then did she pour upon me with greatest violence, considering my gentleness as a triumph of temper over her. She was resolved, she said, to let everybody know how I took the wicked lovelessest part against my brother. I wished, I told her, I could make the plea for myself, which she might for herself, to wit that my anger was more inexcusable than my judgment. But I presumed she had some other view in coming to me. Then she had hitherto acquainted me with. Let me, said I. But no, after all that had passed. If you have anything to propose that I can comply with anything that can make my only sister once more, my friend. I had before upon hearing her ridiculing me on my supposed nature of meekness said that although I wished to be thought meek, I would not be abject. Although humble not mean, and here in a sneering way she cautioned me on that head. I replied that her pleasantry was much more agreeable than her anger, but I wished she would let me know the end of a visit that had hitherto between us been so unsisterly. She desired to be informed, in the name of everybody was her word, that I was determined upon, and whether to comply or not, one word for all, my friends were not to have patience with so perverse a creature for ever. This, then, I told her, I would do. Absolutely break with the man they were also determined against. Upon condition, however, that neither Mr. Solmes nor any other were urged upon me with the force of a command. And what was this, more than I had offered before? What betringing my changes upon the same bells in neither receiving nor advancing one tittle? If I knew what other proposals I could make, I told her, that would be acceptable to them all, and free me from the address of a man so disagreeable to me, I would make them. I had indeed before offered never to marry without my father's consent. She interrupted me. That was because I depended upon my whining tricks to bring my father and mother to what I pleased. A poor dependence, I said. She knew those who would make that dependence vain. And I should have brought them to my own back very probably, and to my Uncle Harlow, too, as also my Aunt Harvey, had I not been forbidden from their sight, and thereby hindered from playing my pug's tricks before them. At least, Bella, said I, you have hinted to me to whom I am obliged that my father and mother and everybody else treat me thus harshly, but surely you make them all very weak. Indifferent persons, judging of us, too, from what you say, would either think me a very artful creature or you a very spiteful one. You are indeed a very artful one. For that matter interrupted she in a passion one of the artfulest I have ever known. And then, following an accusation so low, so unsisterly, that I have bewitched people of my insinuating address that nobody could be valued or respected, but must stand like ciphers wherever I came, how often said she, have I and my brother been talking upon a subject, and had everybody's attention till you came in, with your bewitching, meek pride and humble significance, and then have we either been stopped by reference to Miss Clary's option for sooth or been forced to stop ourselves or must have talked or unattended to by everybody. She paused. Dear Bella, proceed. She indeed seemed only gathering breath, and so I will, she said, did you not bewitch my grandmother? Could anything be pleasing to him that you did not say or do? How did he used to hang till he slabbered again poor dotting old man on your silver tongue? And what did you say that we could not have said? What did you do that we did not endeavor to do? And what was all this for, why truly his last will showed what effect your smooth obligingness had upon him? To leave the acquired part of his estate from the next heirs, his own sons, to a grandchild, to his youngest grandchild, a daughter too, to leave the family pictures from his sons to you, because you tittle about them. And though you now neglect their examples could wipe and clean them with your dainty hands, the family plate, too, in such quantities of two or three generations standing must not be changed because of his precarious child humoring his old phala taste, admired it to make it all her own. This was too low to move me. O my poor sister, said I, not to be able or at least willing to distinguish between art and nature. If I did oblige, I was happy in it. I look for no further reward. My mind is above art, from the dirty motives you mention. I wish with all my heart my grandfather had not thus distinguished me. He saw my brother likely to be amply provided for out of the family as well as in it. Be desired that you might have the greater share of my father's favour, for he and no doubt but you both have. You know, Bella, that the estate of my grandfather bequeathed me was not half the real estate he left. What's all that to an estate in possession and left you with such distinction as gave you a reputation of greater value than the estate itself? Hence my misfortune, Bella, in your envy I doubt, but I have not given up that possession in the best manner I could. Yes, interrupting me, she hated me for that best manner. Specious little witch, she called me, your best manner so full of art and design had never been seen through.  Obstinate heart, Bella. Yes, obstinate heart, for did you ever give up anything had you not the art to make them think all was right, you asked, though my brother and I were frequently refused favours of no greater import? I know not, Bella, that I ever asked anything unfit to be granted. I seldom asked favours for myself, but for others. I was a reflecting creature for this. All you speak of, Bella, was a long time ago. I cannot go so far back into our childish follies. Little did I think of how long-standing your late-shown antipathy is. I was a reflector again, such a saucy meekness, such a best manner and such venom in words. Oh, Clary Clary, that word always a two-faced girl. Nobody thought I had two faces when I gave up all my father's management, taking from his bounty as before all my little pocket-money without a shilling addition to my stipend or desiring it. Yes, cutting creature, and that was another of your fetches, for it did not engage my fond father as no doubt you thought it would, to tell you that since you had done so grateful and foolish a thing, he would keep entire for your use all the produce of the estate left to you, but be but your steward in it, and that you should be entitled to the same allowance as before. Another of your hook-ins, Clary, so that all your extravagance have been supported grottis. My extravagance is Bella, but did my father ever give me anything he did not give you? Yes, indeed. I got more by that means than I should have had the conscience to ask, but I have still the greater part to show.  I dare say not fifty pieces in the world. Indeed I have not. I believe you, your mama Norton, and I suppose but mum for that. Unworthy Bella, the good woman of a low in circumstance is great in mind much greater than those who would impute meanness or soul incapable of it. What then have you done with the sums given you from infancy to squander? Let me ask you, affecting archeness, has loveless, has your rake put it out of interest for you? Oh, that, my dear sister, would not make me blush for her. It is, however, out at interest, and I hope it will bring me better than to lie useless in my cabinet. She understood me, she said. Were I a man, she should suppose I was aiming to carry the county popularity. A crowd to follow me with their blessings as I wept to and from church and nobody else to be regarded were agreeable things. House topped proclamations. I hid not my light under a bushel. She would say that for me. But was it not a little hard upon me to be kept from blazing on a Sunday and to be hindered from my charitable ostentations? This indeed, Bella, is cruel in you who have so largely contributed to my confinement, but go on. You'll be out of breath by and by. I cannot wish to be able to return this usage. Poor Bella, and I believe I smiled a little too contemptuously for her sister. Too a sister. None of your saucy contempts rising in her voice. None of your poor Bella's with the air of superiority in a younger sister. Well then, rich Bella, curtsying, that will please you better and it is due likewise to the hordes you boast of. Looky, Clary, holding up her hand. If you are not a little more abject in your meekness, a little more mean in your humility and to treat me with respect due to an elder sister you shall find. Not that you will treat me any worse than you have done, Bella. That cannot be unless you were to let fall your uplifted hand upon me and that would less become you to do than me to bear. Good meek creature. But you were upon your overtones just now and I shall surprise everybody by tearing so long. They will think some good may be done with you and supper will be ready. At tear with stray down my cheek how happy have I been, said I, sighing in the suppertime conversations with all my dear friends in my eye round their hospital board. I met only with insult for this, Bella, has not a feeling heart. The highest joy in this life she is not capable of. But then she saves herself many griefs by her impenetrable yet for ten times the pain that such a sensibility is attended with would I not part with the pleasure it brings with it. She asked me upon turning from her if she should not say anything below of my compliances. You may say that I will do everything they would have me do if they will free me from Mr. Solm's address. This is all you desire at present. Creeper on insinuator, what words has she but will not the other man flame out and roar most horribly upon the snatching from his paws a prey he thought himself sure of? I must let you talk in your own way or we shall never come to a point. I shall not matter in his roaring as you call it. I will promise him that if I ever marry any other man it shall be till he is married and if he be not satisfied with such a condensation I shall think he ought and I will give any assurances that I will neither correspond with him nor see him. Surely this will do. But I suppose then that you have no objection to see and converse on a civil footing with Mr. Solm's as your father's friend or so. No, I must be permitted to retire to my apartment whenever he comes. I would no more converse with this one than correspond with the other and that would make Mr. Lovelace guilty of some rashness on the belief that I broke with him to have Mr. Solm's and so that wicked wretch is to be allowed such a control over you that you are not to be civil to your father's friends at his own house for fear of incensing him when this comes to be represented be so good as to tell me what is it you expect from it everything I said or nothing as she was pleased to represent it be so good as to give it your interest Bella and say further that I will by any means I can in the law or otherwise make over to my father to my uncles or even to my brother all I am entitled to by my grandfather's will as a security for the performance of my promises and as I shall have no reason to expect any favor from my father if I break them I shall not be worth anybody's having and further still unkindly as my brother has used me I will go down to Scotland privately as his housekeeper I now see I may be spared here if he will promise to treat me no worse than he would do a hired one or I will go to Florence to my cousin Morden if his stay in Italy will admit of it in either case it may be given out that I am gone to the other or to the world's end I care not whether it is said I am gone or do go let me ask you child if you will give your pretty proposal in writing yes with all my heart and I stepped to my closet and wrote to my purpose I have mentioned and moreover the following lines to my brother my dear brother my sister as will be accepted I am sure they will if you please to give them your sanction let me beg of you for God's sake that you will I think myself very unhappy and having encouraged your displeasure no sister can love a brother better than I love you pray do not put the worst but the best constructions upon my proposals when you have them reported to you indeed I mean the best I have no subterfuges no arts no intentions but to keep them you shall yourself drop everything into writing as strong as you can and I will sign it and what the law will not do to enforce it to my resolution and my will shall so that I shall be worth nobody's address and that not my papa's consent nor shall any person or any consideration induce me to revoke it you can do no more than anybody to reconcile my parents and uncles to me let me owe this desirable favor to your brotherly interposition and you will forever oblige your afflicted sister CL Harlow and how do you think Bella employed herself while I was writing why playing gently upon my harpsichord and humming to it to show her unconcernedness when I approached her with what I had written she arose with an air of levity I love you have not written already you have I protest oh what a ready penwoman may I read it idiot please and let me beseech you my dear Bella to back these proposals with your good offices and folding my uplifted hands tears I believe standing in my eyes I will love you as never sister loved another there aren't a strange creature she said there is no withstanding thee she took the proposals on letter and having read them burst into afflicted laugh how wise ones may be taken in then you did not know that I was jesting with you all this time and so you would have me carried down this pretty piece of nonsense don't let me be so surprised that you're a seeming unsisterliness Bella I hope it is but seeming witt in such jesting as this the folly of the creature how natural it is for people when they set their hearts upon anything to think everybody must see with their eyes pray to your child what becomes of your father's authority here who stoopes here the parent or the child how does the square with engagements actually agreed upon between your father and Mr. Psalms but sincerity that your rake will not follow you to the world's end nevertheless that you may not think that I stand in the way of a reconciliation in such fine terms as these I will be your messenger this once and hear what my papa will say to it although beforehand I can tell you these proposals will not answer the principal end so down she went that it seems my Aunt Hervey and my Uncle Harlow and as they have all engaged to act in concert messengers were dispatched to my Uncle and Aunt to desire them to be there at breakfast in the morning Monday night 11 o'clock I'm afraid I shall not be thought worthy just as I began to fear I should not be thought worthy of an answer Betty wrapped up my door and said if I were not in bed she had a letter for me I had but just unwriting the above dialogue and stepped to the door with the pen in my hand always writing this said the bold wench it is admirable how you can get away with what you write but the fairies they say are always at hand to help lovers she retired in so much haste that had I been disposed I could not take the notice of this influence which it deserved and closed my brother's letter he was resolved to let me see that I should have nothing to expect from his kindness but surely he will not be permitted to carry every point the assembling of my friends tomorrow is a good sign and I will hope something from that and from proposals to reasonable and now I will try if any repose will fall to my lot as a stranger of this night to Miss Clary Harlow enclosed in the proceeding your proposals will be considered by your father and mother and all your friends tomorrow morning what trouble does your shameful forwardness give us all I wonder you have the courage to write to me upon whom you are so continually emptying your whole female quiver I have no patience with you as the aggressor in a quarrel which owed its beginning to my consideration for you you have made such confession in a villain's favor as ought to cause all your relations to renounce you forever for my part I will not believe any woman in the world who promises against her avowed inclination to put it out of your power to ruin yourself is the only way left to prevent your ruin I do not intend to write but your too kind sister has prevailed upon me as you are going to Scotland that day of grace is over nor would I advise you that you should go to grandfather up your cousin Morden besides that worthy gentleman might be involved in some fatal dispute upon your account and then be called the aggressor a fine situation you have brought yourself to to propose to hide yourself and to have falsehoods told to conceal you your confinement at this rate is the happiest thing that could befall you your bravo's behavior at church looking out for you is a sufficient indication of his power over you had you not so shamelessly acknowledged it one word for all your parents and uncles may do as they will the honor of the family I cannot carry this point I will retire to Scotland and never see the face of anyone of it more James Harlow there's a brother there's a flaming duty to a father and mother and uncles but he sees himself valued and made of consequence and he gives himself heirs accordingly nevertheless as I said before I will hope better things from those who have not the interest my brother has to keep open these unhappy differences end of letter 42 read by Patti Brugman letter 43 of Calorissa by Samuel Richardson this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please go to LibriVox.org this recording by Patti Brugman Clarissa or the history of a young lady by Samuel Richardson letter 43 Ms. Clarissa Harlow to Ms. Howe Tuesday, March 21st Would you not have thought my dear Ms. Howe as well as I that my proposal must have been accepted and that my brother by the last article of this unbrotherly letter where he threatens to go to Scotland if it should be hearkened to was of opinion that it would for my part after I had read the unkind letter over and over I concluded upon the whole that a reconciliation upon terms so disadvantageous to myself as hardly any other person in my case I daresay would have proposed must be the result of this morning's conference and in that belief I had begun to give myself new trouble in thinking this difficulty over how I should be able to pacify loveless on that part of my engagement by which I undertook to break off all correspondence with him unless my friends should be brought by the interposition of his powerful friends and any offers they might make which it was rather his part to suggest than mine to intimate to change their minds thus was I employed not very agreeably you may believe because of the vehemence of the tempers I had to conflict with when breakfasting time approached and my judges began to arrive and oh how my heart fluttered on hearing the chariot of the one and then of the other other rattled through the courtyard and the hollow-sending footsteps giving notice of each persons stepping out to take his place on the awful bench which my fancy had formed for them and my other judges that thought I is my aunt Harvey's that my uncle Harlow's now comes my uncle Anthony and my imagination made a fourth chariot for the odious Psalms although it happened he was not there and now thought I are they all assembled and now my brother calls upon my sister to make a report now the hard-hearted Bella her speech with invective now has she concluded her report now the debate upon it now does my brother flame now threatened to go to Scotland now is he chidden and now soothed and then I ran through the whole conference in my imagination forming speeches for this person and that, pro and con till all concluded as I flattered myself in an acceptance of my conditions and in giving directions to have an instrument drawn to tie me up to my good behavior well I suppose all agreed to give Psalms a wife every way more worthy of him and with her the promise of my grandfather's estate and case of my forfeiture or dying unmarried on the righteous condition he proposes to entitle himself to it with me and now thought I am I to be ordered down to recognize my own proposals and how shall I look upon my awful judges how shall I stand and the questioning of some the setsirliness of others the returning love of one or two how greatly shall I be affected then I wept and I dried my eyes and I practiced at my glass for a look more cheerful than my heart and now as anything stirred is my sister coming to declare the issue of all tears gushing again my heart fluttering as a bird against its wires my eyes again and again to no purpose and thus my Nancy excuse the fanciful prolixity was I employed and such were my thoughts and imaginations when I found a very different result from the hopeful conference for about ten o'clock up came my sister with an air of cruel triumph waving her hand with a light flourish obedience with that reserved is required of you Clarie Papa is justly incensed that you should presume to dispute his will and to make conditions with him he knows what is best for you and as you own matters are gone a great way between this hated loveless and you they will believe nothing you say except you will give the one only instance that will put them out of doubt of the sincerity of your promises what child are you surprised cannot you speak that expected a different issue had you strange that you could with all your acknowledgements and confessions so credible to your noted prudence I was indeed speechless for some time my eyes were even fixed and ceased to flow but upon the hard hearted Bella proceeding with her airs of insult indeed I was mistaken said I indeed I was for in you Bella I expected I hoped for a sister what interrupted she with all your mannerly flings and your despising airs did you expect that I was capable of telling stories for you did you think that when I was asked my own opinion of the sincerity of your declarations I could not tell them how far our matters had gone between you and your fellow when the intention is to bend that stubborn will of yours to your duty do you think I would deceive them do you think I would encourage them to call you down to contradict all that I should have invented in your favor well well Bella I am less obliged to you that's all I was willing to think that I still had a brother and sister but I find I am mistaken pretty mobsy-eyed soul was her expression and was it willing to think it had still a brother and sister and why don't you go on, Clary mocking my half-weeping accent I thought I had a father a mother, two uncles and an aunt but I am mistaken that's all come, Clary say this and it will be in part true because you have thrown off all their authority and because you respect one vile wretch more than them all how have I deserved this at your hand, sister but I will only say I pity you and with that disdainful air to you Clary none of that bridled neck none of your scornful pity girl I beseech you this sort of behavior is natural to you surely Bella what new talents does it discover in you but proceed if it be a pleasure to you, proceed Bella and since I must not pity you I will pity myself for nobody else will because you don't said she hush Bella, interrupting her you deserve it I know you were going to say so I will say as you say in everything and that's the way to please you then say loveless is a villain so I will when I think him so then you don't think him so indeed I don't you did not always Bella and what Clary did you mean by that bristling up to me tell me what you mean by that reflection tell me why you call it a reflection what did I say thou art a provoking creature but what say you to two or three duels of that wretches I can't tell what to say unless I knew the occasions do you justify dueling at all I do not neither can I help this dueling will you go down and humble that stubborn spirit of yours to your mama nothing shall I conduct your ladyship down offering to take my declined hand what not about to say to answer me I turned from her in silence what turn your back upon me to shall I bring up your mama to you love following me and taking my struggling hand what not speak yet come my silent dear speak one word to me you must say to very soon to Mr. Psalms I can tell you that then gushing into tears which I could not hold in longer they shall be the last words I will ever speak well well insultingly wiping my averted face with her handkerchief while her other hand held mine in a ridiculing tone I'm glad anything will make thee speak did you think you may be brought to speak the two words only they are to be the last the gentle lover from its tender bleeding heart was that ridiculous Bella saucy clary changing your sneering tone to an imperious one but do you think you can humble yourself to go down to your mama I am tired of such stuff as this tell me Bella if my mama will condescend to see me yes if you can be dutiful at last I can I will but what call you dutiful to give up my own inclinations that's something more for you to tell of in obedience of my parents commands and to beg that I may not be made more miserable with a man that is fitter for anybody than for me for me do you mean clary why not since you have put the question you have a better opinion of him than I have my friends I hope would not think him too good for me and not good enough for you but cannot you tell me Bella what is to become of me without insulting over me thus if I must be thus treated remember that if I am guilty of any rashness the usage I meet with will justify it so clary you are contriving an excuse I find for somewhat that we have not doubted has been in your head a great while if it were so you seem resolved for your part and so does my brother for his will not want one but indeed Bella I can no longer bear this reputation of the worst part of yesterday's conversation I desire I may throw myself at my father and mother's feet and hear from them what their sentence is I shall at least avoid by that means the unsisterly insults I meet with from you hey day what is this is it you my meek sister clary yes it is Bella and I will claim my affection due to a child of the family or to know why I am to be thus treated when I offer only to preserve myself the liberty of refusal which belongs to my sex and to please my parents would give up my choice I have contended myself till now to take second hand messengers and first hand insults you are but my sister my brother is not my sovereign and while I have a father and mother living I will not be thus treated by my sister and their servants all setting upon me as it should seem to make me more desperate and to do a rash thing I will know in shortster Bella why I am to be constrained thus what is intended by it and whether I am to be considered as a child or slave she stood aghast all the time partly with real partly with affected surprise and is it you is it indeed you well clary you amaze me but since you are so desirous to refer yourself to your father and mother I will go down and tell them what you say your friends are not yet gone I believe and they shall assemble again and then you may come down and please your own cause and person let me then let my brother and you be absent you have made yourself too much parties against me to sit as my judges and I desire to have none of yours or his interpositions I'm sure you could not have represented what I proposed fairly I'm sure you could not nor is it possible you should be commissioned to treat me thus well well I'll call upon my brother to you I will indeed he shall justify himself as well as me I desire not to see my brother except he will come as a brother laying aside the authority he has unjustly assumed over me and so Claire is it nothing to him or to me is it that our sister shall disgrace her whole family as how Bella disgrace it the man whom you thus freely treat is a man of birth and fortune is a man of parts and nobly allied he was once thought worthy of you and I wish to heaven you had had him I'm sure it was not thus my fault you had not although you did me thus this set her into a flame I wish I had foreborn it oh how the poor Bella raved I thought she would have beat me once or twice and she vowed her fingers itched to do so but I was not worth her anger yet she flamed on we were heard to be on high and Betty came up from my mother to commend my sister to a tender she went down accordingly threatening me with letting everyone know a violent creature I had shown myself to be Tuesday noon March 21st I have as yet heard no more of my sister and have not courage enough to insist upon throwing myself at the feet of my father and mother as I thought in my heat of temper I should be able to do and I am now grown as calm as ever and we're Bella to come up again as fit to be played upon as before I'm indeed sorry that I sent her me in such disorder but my papa's letter threatening me with my uncle Anthony's house and chapel terrifies me strangely by their silence I'm afraid some new storm is gathering but what shall I do with this loveless I have just now but the unsuspected hole in the wall that I told you of in my letter by Hannah got a letter from him so uneasy is he for fear that I should be revealed upon in Solm's favor so full of menaces if I am so so resenting the usage I receive for how can I not tell but he has undoubtedly intelligence of all that is done in the family such protestations of inviolable faith and honor such vows of reformation such pressing arguments to escape from this disgraceful confinement oh my Nancy what shall I do with this loveless and of letter 43 read by Patty Bruckman letter 44 of Clarissa by Samuel Richardson this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please go to LibriVox.org this recording by Patty Bruckman Clarissa or the history of a young lady by Samuel Richardson letter 44 Ms. Clarissa Harlow to Ms. Howe Wednesday morning 9 o'clock my aunt Herbie lay here last night and is but just gone for me she came up to me with my sister that would not trust my aunt without this ill-natured witness when she entered my chamber I told her that this visit was a high favor to a poor prisoner in her hard confinement I kissed her hand she kindly sleuthing me said why this distance to your aunt my dear who loves you so well she owned that she came to expostulate with me for the peace sake of the family for that she could not believe it possible if I did not conceive myself unkindly treated that I who had ever shown such a sweetness of temper as well as manners should be thus resolute in a point so very near to my father my mother and she were both willing to impute my resolution to the manner I had been begun with and to my supposing that my brother had originally more of a hand in the proposals made by Mr. Psalms than my father or the friends in short feign would my aunt have furnished me with an excuse to come off my opposition bail all the while humming a tune and opening this book in bat with that singing but saying nothing after having shown me that my opposition could not be of signification my father's honor being engaged my aunt concluded with enforcing me my duty in stronger terms than I believe she would have done the circumstances of the case considered had not my sister been present it would be repeating what I have so often mentioned to give you the arguments that passed besides so I will only recite what she was pleased to say that carried with it a new face when she found me inflexible as she was pleased to call it she said for her part she could not but say that if I were not to have either Mr. Psalms or Mr. Loveless and yet to make my friends easy must marry she should not think of Mr. Wirely what did I think of Mr. Wirely ah clary put in my sister what do you say to Mr. Wirely I saw through this immediately it was said on purpose I doubted not to have an argument against me of absolute preposition in Mr. Loveless's favor since Mr. Wirely everywhere avows his values even to veneration for me and is far less exceptional both in person and mind than Mr. I was willing to turn the tables by trying how far Mr. Psalms's terms might be dispensed with since the same terms could not be expected for Mr. Wirely I therefore decided to know whether my answer if it should be in favor of Mr. Wirely would release me from Mr. Psalms for I owned that I had not the aversion to him that I had to the other nay she had no commission to propose such a thing she only knew that my father and mother would not be easy till Mr. Loveless's hopes were entirely defeated cunning creatures said my sister and this and her adjoining in the question before convinced me that it was a designed snare for me don't you do madam said I put questions that can answer no end but to support my brother's schemes against me is there any hopes of an end to my sufferings and disgrace without having this heated man imposed upon me will not what I have offered be accepted I'm sure it ought I will venture to say that why niece if there be not any such hopes I presume you don't think yourself absolved from the duty to do from a child to a parent yes said my sister I do not doubt but it is Mr. Clary's aim to fly to her loveless to get her estate into her own hands but go to live at the grove in that independence upon which she builds all her perseverance and dear heart my little love how will you then blaze away your mama Norton your oracle with your poor and your gates mingling so proudly and so meanly with the rage turd reflecting by your ostentation upon all the ladies in the county do not as you do this is known to be your scheme and the poor without doors and loveless within with one hand building up a name pulling it down with the other what a charming scheme is this but let me tell you my pretty little flighty one that your father's living will shall control your grandfather's dead one and that estate will be dispensed of as your fond grandfather would have disposed it and he lived to see such a change in his favor in a word miss it will be kept out of your hands till my father sees you discreet enough to have the management of it or till you can dutifully by law tear it from him fine miss Harlow sit my aunt this is not pretty to your sister oh madam let her go this is nothing to what I have borne from Miss Harlow she is either commissioned to treat me ill by her envy or by an higher authority to which I must submit as to revoking this estate what hinders if I pleased I know my power but have not the least thought of exerting it be pleased to let my father know that whatever be the consequence to myself were he to turn me out of doors which I should rather think you would do than to be confined and insulted as I am and were I to be reduced to indigence and want I would see no relief that should be contrary to his will for that matter child said my aunt were you to marry you must do as your husband will have you if that husband be Mr. Loveless he will be glad of any opportunity of further embroiling the families and let me tell you niece if he had the respect for you which he pretends to have he would not throw out defiances as he does he is known to be very revengeful and were I you Miss Clare I should be afraid he would wreck upon me that vengeance though had not offered him which he is continually threatening to pour upon the family Mr. Loveless's threatened vengeance is in return for threatened vengeance it is not everybody will bear insult as of late I have been forced to bear it oh how my sister's face shown with passion but Mr. Loveless proceeded I as I have said 20 and 20 times would be quite out of question with me were I to be generously treated my sister said something with great vehemence but only raising my voice to be heard without minding her pray madam provoking interrogated I may not to have been as wild a man when he was at first introduced into our family as he is said to be yet then the common phrases of wild oats and black oxen and such like were qualifiers and marriage and the wife's discretion were to perform wonders but turning to my sister I find I have said too much oh thou wicked reflector and what made me abhor him thank you but the proof of those villainous freedoms that ought to have had the same effect upon you were you but half so good a creature as you pretended to be proof did you say Bella I thought you had not proof but you know best it's not this very spiteful my dear now clary said she would I give a thousand pounds to know all that is in my little rancorous and reflecting heart at this moment I might that you know for much less some and not be afraid of being worse treated than I have been well young ladies I am sorry to see passion run so high between you you know niece to me you had not been confined thus to your apartment could your mother by condensation or by your father by authority have been able to move you but how can you expect when there must be a concession on one side that it should be on theirs if my dolly who has not the hundredth part of your understanding were thus to set herself up an absolute contradiction to my will in the point so material I should not take it well of her indeed I should not I believe not madam that if Miss Hervey had just such a brother and just such a sister you may look Bella and if both were to aggravate her parents as my brother and sister do mine then perhaps you might use her as I am used and if she hated the man you propose to her and with as much reason as I do Mr. Psalms and love a rake and liberty miss as you do loveless said my sister then might she continued I not minding her beg to be excused from obeying and if she did and would give you the most solemn assurances and security besides that she would never have the man you disliked against your consent I dare say Miss Hervey's father and mother would sit down satisfied and not endeavor to force her inclinations so said my sister with uplifted hands father and mother now come in for their share but if child replied my aunt I knew she loved a rake and suspected that she sought only to gain time in order to wire draw me into consent I beg pardon madam for interrupting you but if Miss Hervey could obtain your consent what further would be said true child but she never should then madam it would never be that I doubt niece if you do madam can you think confinement and ill usage is the way to prevent the apprehended rashness my dear this sort of intimation would make one but too apprehensive that there is no trusting to yourself when one knows your inclination that apprehension madam seems to have been conceived before this intimation or the least cause for it was given why else the disgraceful confinement I have been laid under let me venture to say that my suffering seemed to be rather owing to a concerted design to intimate me with proper hands knowing there were two good grounds for my opposition then to a doubt of my conduct for when they were inflicted first I had given no cause for doubt nor should there be room now for any if my discretion might be trusted my aunt after a little hesitation said but consider my dear what confusion will be perpetuated in your family if you marry this hated loveless and that it be considered what misery to me madam if I marry that hated Psalms many a young creature has thought she could not love a man with whom she has afterwards been very happy few women child marry their first loves that may be the reason there are so few happy marriages but there are few first impressions fit to be encouraged I'm afraid so too madam I have a very different opinion of the light and first impressions but as I have so often said all I wish for is to have leave to live single indeed you must not miss your father and mother will be unhappy till they see you married and out of loveless's reach I am told that you propose to condition with him so far as matters are gone between you never to have any man if you have not him I know no better way to prevent mischief on all sides I freely own it and there is not if he be out of the question another man in the world I can think favorably of nevertheless I would give all I have in the world that he were married to some other person indeed I would bella for all you put on that smile in credulity maybe so clary but I will smile for all that if he be out of the question repeated my aunt so miss clary I see how it is I will go down Miss Harlow I shall follow you and I will endeavor to persuade your father to let my sister herself come up and a happier event may then result depend upon it madam said my sister this will be the case my mother and she will both be in tears but with this different effect my mother will come down soft and cut to the heart but will leave her favorite hardened from the advantages she will think she has over my mother's tenderness why madam it is for this very reason that the girl is not admitted into her presence thus she ran on as she went downstairs end of letter 44 read by Patty Brugman end of Clarissa Harlow or the history of a young lady Samuel Richardson


Hello and welcome to this presentation of the STM32i²C interface. It covers the main features of this communication interface, which is widely used to connect devices such as microcontrollers, sensors and serial interface memories. The i²C interface is compliant with the NXPi²C bus specification and user manual revision 3. The SM bus system management bus specification revision 2 and the PM bus power system management protocol specification revision 1.1. This peripheral provides an easy to use interface with very simple software programming and full timing flexibility. Additionally, the i²C peripheral is functional in low power stop modes. The i²C peripheral supports multi-master and slave modes. The i²C iO pins must be configured in open drain mode. The logic high level is driven by an external pull-up. The iO pins support the 20 mA output drive required for fast mode plus. The peripheral controls all i²C bus specific sequencing, protocol, arbitration and timing values. 7 and 10-bit addressing modes are supported and multiple 7-bit addresses can be supported in the same application. The peripheral in master mode supports slave clock stretching and clock stretching from slave side. In slave mode configuration of the peripheral, the clock stretching can be disabled by software. The setup and hold times are programmable by software. Analog and digital glitch filters on the data and clock lines can be configured by software. The peripheral can wake up the MCU from stop mode when an address match is detected. The peripheral has an independent clock domain which allows a communication baud rate independent from the system clock. The i²C4 is located in the low power D3 domain and can be used in autonomous mode for low power applications. Here is the i²C block diagram. The registers are accessed through the APB bus and the peripheral is clocked with the i²C clock which is independent from the APB clock. The i²C clock can be selected from among the PLL, APB clock, the high speed internal RC oscillator with a frequency from 8 to 64 MHz and the low power internal 4 MHz RC oscillator. Analog and digital noise filters are present on the SCL and SDA lines. A 20 mA driving capability is enabled using the control bits in the system configuration registers. In addition, an SM bus alert pin is available in SM bus mode. The i²C setup and hold times can be configured by software through the i²C timing register. The SDA DEL and SCL DEL counters are used during transmission in order to guarantee the minimum data hold and data setup times. The i²C peripheral waits for the programmed data hold time after detecting a falling edge on the clock line before sending the data. After the data is sent, the clock line is stretched low during the programmed data setup time. The total data hold time is greater than the programmed SDA DEL counter. This is due to the fact that SDA DEL delay is only added once the SCL falling edge is internally detected. The time or T-sync 1 needed for this internal detection depends on the SCL falling edge, the input delay due to the filters and the delay due to the internal SCL synchronization with the i²C clock. However, the setup time is not impacted by these internal delays. The i²C master clocks low and high level durations are configured by software in the i²C timings register. The SCL low and high level counters start after the detection of the edge of the SCL line. This implementation allows the peripheral to support the master clock synchronization mechanism in a multi-master environment as well as the slave clock stretching feature. Therefore, the total SCL period is greater than the sum of the counters. This is linked to the added delays due to the internal detection of the SCL line edge. These delays, T-sync 1 and T-sync 2 depend on the SCL falling or rising edge, the input delay due to the filters and the delay due to the internal SCL synchronization with the i²C clock. The rising edge depends on pull-up resistor and SCL line capacitance. The falling edge depends on the IO port parameters defined in the datasheet. In order to properly configure clock speed, these edges can be either measured or calculated. They are needed in order to properly configure the i²C peripheral in the STM32 QBMX tool. Then the settings of the timing register can be automatically calculated by this tool. The i²C slave can acknowledge several slave addresses. The slave addresses are programmed into two registers. Own address register 1 can be programmed with a 7 or 10-bit address. Own address register 2 can be programmed with a 7-bit address, but the least significant bits of this address can be masked through the OA2 MSK register in order to acknowledge multiple slave addresses. The two own address registers can be enabled simultaneously. The i²C peripheral supports wake up from stop mode on address matches. To do this, the i²C peripheral clock must be set to the HSI or CSI oscillator. Only the analog noise filter is supported when the wake up from stop feature is enabled. All addressing modes are supported. When the device is in stop mode, the high-speed internal oscillator is switched off. When a start condition is detected, the i²C peripheral enables the high-speed internal oscillator, which is used to receive the address on the bus. After an address is received in stop mode, a wake up interrupt is generated if the address matches the programmed slave address. If the address does not match, the high-speed internal oscillator is switched off, no interrupt is generated, and the device remains in stop mode. The clock stretching must be enabled because the i²C peripheral stretches the clock line low after the start condition, until the high-speed internal oscillator is started. After having received an address that matches the programmed slave address, the i²C peripheral also stretches the clock line low until the STM32H7 device is awakened. Master mode software management is very simple. Only one right action is needed to handle a master transfer with a payload smaller than 255 bytes. The full protocol is managed by the hardware. In order to start a transfer in master mode, i²C control register 2 must be written with the start condition request, the slave address, the transfer direction, the number of bytes to be transferred, and the end of transfer mode. End of transfer mode is configured by the auto-end bit. If it is set, the stop condition is automatically sent after the programmed number of bytes is transferred. If the auto-end bit is not set, the end of transfer is managed by software. After the programmed number of bytes is transferred, the transfer complete or TC flag is set and an interrupt is generated if enabled. Then a repeated start or a stop condition can be requested by software. The data transfer can be managed by interrupts or by the DMA. When the payload is greater than 255 bytes, the reload bit must be set in i²C control register 2. In this case, the transfer complete reload or TCR flag is set after the programmed number of bytes has been transferred. The additional number of bytes to be transferred is programmed when the TCR bit is set and then the data transfer will resume. The i²C clock is stretched low as long as the TCR bit is set. The reload bit is used in master mode when the payload is greater than 255 bytes and in slave mode when slave byte control is enabled. When the reload bit is set, the auto-end bit has no effect. By default, the i²C slave uses clock stretching. The clock stretching feature can be disabled by software. In receive mode, the slave acknowledge on received byte behavior can be configured when slave byte control mode is selected together with the reload bit being set. When the SBC bit is set, the number of bytes counter is enabled in slave mode. Clock stretching must be enabled when slave byte control is enabled. In receive mode, when slave byte control is enabled with the reload bit set and the number of bytes to be transferred is 1, the transfer complete reload flag is set after each received byte and the SCL line is stretched. This is done after data reception and before the acknowledge pulse. The receive buffer not empty flag is also set so the data can be read. In the TCR subroutine, an acknowledge or not acknowledge can be programmed to be sent after the byte is received. It is recommended to clear the SBC bit in transmission as there is no use for the byte counter in i²C slave transmitter mode. In SM bus mode, slave byte control mode is used in transmission for sending the PEC or packet error code bytes. The i²C peripheral provides hardware support for the SM bus. The SM bus address resolution protocol is supported through the device default address and arbitration in slave mode. The host notify protocol is supported with host address support. The alert protocol is supported through the SM bus alert pin and alert response address. The SM bus clock low timeout and cumulative clock low extend times can be detected with a programmable duration. The bus idle condition can be detected with a programmable duration. Command and data acknowledge control is supported through slave byte control mode. The packet error code or PEC byte is calculated by hardware. The packet error code or PEC byte is automatically sent in transmission and checked in reception. The data transfer counter initialized with the n bytes value is used to automatically check the PEC byte in reception after n bytes minus 1 byte are received. If the received PEC byte does not match the calculation, a not acknowledge is automatically sent after the PEC byte. In transmission, the internally calculated PEC byte is automatically sent after n bytes minus 1 byte. Slave byte control mode must be enabled in slave mode in order to enable the n bytes counter and allow automatic PEC reception or transmission. Several events can trigger and interrupt. The received buffer not empty flag is set when the received buffer contains received data and is ready to be read. The transmit buffer interrupt status is set when the transmit buffer is empty and is ready to be written. The stop detection flag is set when a stop condition is detected on the bus. The transfer complete reload flag is set when the reload bit is set and n bytes bytes of data have been transferred. The transfer complete flag is set when the reload and auto end bits are cleared and n bytes bytes of data have been transferred. The address match flag is set when the received slave address matches one of the enabled slave addresses. The NACK reception flag is set when a not acknowledge is received after a byte transmission. DMA requests can be generated when the receive buffer not empty or transmit buffer empty flag is set. Several error flags can be generated. A bus error detection flag is set when a misplaced start or stop condition is detected. The arbitration loss flag is set in the event of an arbitration loss. An overrun or underrun error flag is set in slave mode with clock stretching disabled when an overrun or an underrun error is detected. In SM bus mode, a PC error flag is set when the received PEC does not match the calculated PEC register content. A timeout error flag is set when a timeout or extended clock timeout is detected. An alert pin detection flag is set in the SM bus host configuration when alert is enabled and a falling edge is detected on the SMBA pin. The I2C peripheral is active in run and sleep modes. In stop mode, the peripheral clocks are off and the registers content is kept. In standby mode, the peripheral is powered down and must be re-initialized after exiting standby mode. For each I2C peripheral, a bit is available for debugging purposes in the MCU debug component that can be used to stop the SM bus timeout counter when the core is halted. Here is an example of a sensor hub application that requires several I2C peripherals. One or several I2C masters are used to interface with external sensors. An I2C slave is used to communicate with the application processor. STM32H7 microcontrollers embed four I2C peripherals, all with the same set of features. For more information related to this peripheral, you can also refer to these trainings. System configuration controller, reset and clock controller, power controller, interrupts controller, low power D3 domain, and direct memory access controller. For more details, please refer to the I2C bus specification and user manual from the NXP website. The SM bus specification can be found in the smart battery system implementers forum. The PM bus power system management protocol specification can be found in the power management bus implementers forum.


Aloha and welcome to Stand Energy Man here. Coming to you live and direct from Honolulu, Hawaii, the lovely Pioneer Plaza building and Think Tech Studios on the eighth floor. That's the Directions to Terrorists. Just telling you that's where we're at. But thanks for joining us today and actually I'd like to throw out some thanks to some folks on the Big Island. Last Saturday I was part of a meeting put together by Mark Nakashima from the Heloside and also in attendance was Representative Nicole Lohan who's the head of the House Energy Committee and some other folks from the Big Island County Council and some business folks and some retired government officials as well. We were talking all things energy but a lot about hydrogen and what they'd like to see on the Big Island to get that economy going and headed towards hydrogen for transportation and possibly even for the grid. It was a great meeting, great setup. Thanks to Rep Nakashima for putting that together and Paul Ponteo and Hank Rogers on Blue Planet Research for hosting the event or giving us a venue to meet. It was a great, great time together and I think a lot of people learned a lot of great stuff about hydrogen and got to share some good thoughts on where the Big Island could go to be more energy independent and maybe even lower the energy bill for all the folks over there and I know that's never a bad thing when you can lower the energy bill. So thanks again for the folks that helped us with that. We've been learning a lot lately about, how come hydrogen isn't really there yet? I get that question quite often and there's an old saying that hydrogen is fuel of the future and it always will be kind of a tongue-in-cheek thing saying that yeah, hydrogen's been around and we know about the technology, we've known about the capabilities and the advantages of hydrogen for not only years but centuries. The word hydrogen itself comes from the Greek word for water maker. It's even the Greeks understood that hydrogen has some really unique attributes to it but why is it that has taken us this long and it's still not commonplace? I mean, if you go to the average person on the street today in Honolulu or any city and ask them what they know about hydrogen it'd be almost in the negatives except for bad stuff like the Hindenburg and H-bombs and that's not the kind of stuff that really helps get a new technology or an emerging technology into the commercial marketplace. But things are happening and I'll summarize a couple of them. Number one, and to me one of the biggest things that's happened is that the price of making hydrogen off of renewable energy has dropped dramatically along with the price of solar panels and wind turbine power. So the price of actually making hydrogen is now virtually competitive with gasoline in terms of manufacturing costs considering there's no subsidies for hydrogen and we're not really at scale doing it yet with infrastructure, that says a lot. That means it's getting ready to hit the market. Number two, there's a group that stood up called the Hydrogen Council and back when Governor E. gave first started here in the state of Hawaii as governor I was having a discussion with his chief of staff and one of his department heads. The department head told me, Stan, you need to have a consortium here in Hawaii. You really get things moving on hydrogen. And I said, well, you're looking at consortium, it's me. I've got a couple of friends at UH and Blue Planet and a couple of constituents out there in the world that can even spell hydrogen and that's all we got. We don't have any money, we don't have any businesses to promote making stuff to make money off of hydrogen so there's no revenue stream. I said, that's it. Well, on the international stage, there is a consortium now. It started in 2017 in January and now with a year and a half under its belt, they've made huge strides in making hydrogen. The industry internationally understood the finance people, they get it, the market people, they get it. The big corporations that deal with energy, energy storage, they get it. Hydrogen is getting ready to take off and it's not just a dream this time. It's really moving. You've got things happening like Cummins Diesel bought out hydrogenics up in Canada. You have plug power, which for years is making great strides in material handling equipment. They started turning a profit for the first time in their history a couple of years ago. Things are happening. Toyota, Honda, Hyundai all have commercial off the shelf vehicles, plug power, commercial off the shelf material handling equipment. There's dozens of companies that make backup stationary fuel cells for emergency backup power for communications nodes, for data centers, for computer network, Walmart and Home Depot and Lowe's all have hydrogen fuel cell material handling in their warehouses that go 24-7. It's happening. It's happening in a quiet revolution. And with that revolution, the price dropped, the more that these companies put out the equipment, the price goes down, the more maintenance is available, the more infrastructure is available and the good thing is it's the kind of stuff that makes for good sustainable growth. Renewable energy fits well on the grid and in transportation. And you're gonna start seeing great things happen. So I'm very bullish on hydrogen. That should be no news to anybody watching the show. But I'm convinced after working intensely for six years and even four years before that just being familiar with the technology, I've tried to poke holes in hydrogen every which way I can and everything is turning up. You can't beat this. It's the way to go. So I'm getting the first slide up there, Robert. Stand energy man, where the news is free, but the commentary is right. Take that to the bank, start looking at the companies that are publicly owned and start looking at your energy portfolio. You might wanna start looking into hydrogen. It's about that time. So I'm not part of your liability insurance for your investments, but it's free energy, it's free advice. You got it from me first. And next slide. I'm gonna talk a little bit about what we do at HCAT here because I talk to a lot of different guests on the show about things that they're doing, but I look back and I go, I haven't talked about what we actually do here in Hawaii for almost three years now. So what you got on the screen now is a picture of one of our original aerial pictures of our hydrogen refueling station at Hickam Air Force Base, now joint base Pearl Harbor Hickam. This is a hydrogen station in its first generation. It was designated to be a mobile hydrogen station which can be packed up on what we call 463L pallets, which are standard logistics pallets that go in airplanes. The equipment can be packed up, shipped to a remote location and stood up to dispense hydrogen at a mobile base overseas somewhere if the Air Force wanted to go there. It was a proof of concept. It worked out really well, but we matured the dispensing equipment to a little bit larger scale and switched to a PEM electrolyzer from an alkaline electrolyzer. And we're now in a larger scale mode. So that station that you see on the screen hasn't changed footprint-wise a whole lot in the last 10 or 15 years. However, that 146 kilowatt PV array is also part of our station. And now with that array, we can make about 12 kilograms of hydrogen a day off of our PEM electrolyzer and dispense it up to 700 bar, which is 10,000 PSI into vehicles. So we have this capability at Hickam Air Force Base. I believe it's the longest running hydrogen station in the US. It's been in operation pretty much constantly since 2007, I believe, 2007 or 2008. I know they started working on it in 2006, but I don't remember the exact commissioning date. And I should, because I was there. The next slide I got coming up is a great shot of our most popular vehicle. So not only did we put the first station up out there for the military, but we started building specialized vehicles for them. This is a 25 passenger bus. And it's built on a Ford F-550 chassis. So it's pretty heavy duty. It can carry 25 passengers. It has about 130 mile range with the fuel cell. It carries 10 kilograms of hydrogen and it's got a 28 kilowatt hour pair of batteries, 214 kilowatt hour batteries. Just on the batteries alone, and you can charge this thing like you do a regular electric vehicle, by the way, it can go 30 miles. So in your head, you can do the math, 28 kilowatt hours of battery and 30 miles of range. That's about a mile, a kilowatt hour. So if you're into not being energy ignorant or energy blind, as Dr. Hagen says, keep those numbers in mind that this bus carries 25 people and it can go about one mile on one kilowatt hour of power. But when you add 10 kilograms of hydrogen, you add another 100 miles. So each kilogram of hydrogen gives you 10 more miles to add to that one kilowatt hour of battery. So for every mile you can travel on battery, you can do 10 miles with one kilogram of hydrogen. So this bus is a really popular vehicle on Hickam. It's by far the most used vehicle that we have. We try and focus it on distinguished visitors and taking them around so they can have the experience. But it was really designed to take aircrew back and forth between Hickam and the hotels in Waikiki where they're usually billeted so that the crews could learn about hydrogen. There's actually a video screen inside and we can show informational videos on hydrogen fuel cell technology as part of an informational campaign for military officers utilizing this vehicle. The next vehicle we have coming up is another one that we built for the Air Force. So next slide there. Oh, this is kind of a transition. That's our bus and in the background you see another vehicle, the U-30. And this one is not only the only one like it in the world because there's actually a couple of those buses now that have been made off of our design. But this vehicle you're looking at right now is the only one on the planet that's a hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle. It's built by a company called Tug. It's designed to push back 747s, big Airbus aircraft, the biggest aircraft that you can fly. This vehicle is what pushes it back from the gate or moves it around on the military base when they have to put it in the wash rack or take it to a special hangar or something under a tow power. So this vehicle weighs around 70,000 pounds even though it's not very big. It actually carries a ton of ballast in it to make it heavy enough to keep traction on the ground so the tires don't just spin when you're trying to pull or push a big airplane around. The really amazing thing is we have this vehicle built and delivered last year and we haven't been able to actually test it on an airplane because we've been trying to get the regulations and the test parameters and everything approved. Well, yesterday on the 18th of July we used this vehicle for the very first time and we pretty much are convinced that it's a Guinness Book of World Records event. We took this Tug, connected it to a KC-135 strato tanker that weighed around 180,000 pounds and we moved the vehicle and the aircraft around about a three-quarter of a mile track to a wash rack to be serviced. And that was the first time the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has moved anything that heavy in the history of mankind. So you're looking at a vehicle that's not only unique but purports the future of the flight line of the future as we call it for the Air Force. And we're really proud to be part of that with the Air Force and the Hawaii Air National Guard. The next vehicle we got coming up is another really unique vehicle. This is a specialty piece of equipment that's made for the Air Force to load weapons on fighters. That's why it's so low and built close to the ground. The Navy uses similar equipment but this is a piece of equipment that's strictly military. You can't go and buy this commercially off the shelf. There are only 12 of these that actually are run by electricity only. This is the only one of the 12 electric ones that has got a hydrogen fuel cell powering it. So this is the only one of its kind again on the planet. The next vehicle we have coming up is what we call Spod. And the Spod, and you can see our photovoltaic area in the background, it's just a regular bread van, like a UPS delivery truck or FedEx or just a color bread van basically on the flight line. It's designed, the truck is designed to move maintenance people and their equipment back and forth out to the flight line and back to the shop so they can expedite fixing the aircraft. The interesting thing about this vehicle, it's one of a kind also, is that it has exportable power. We can export DC power up to, I believe it's 48 volts or higher and we can go up to 400 something volts of AC power and export it also, single phase or three phase. This vehicle can be a rolling generator. So you can actually, if your building was wired to take auxiliary power, this vehicle can run up to your building and run a small command post or at least something the size of about three or four houses worth of electricity draw and can run that for several hours then unplug, go back to the station, put my hydrogen in and come back out and run the building for another five or six hours. So it's a great piece of equipment, something that the Air Force is looking to capitalize on. And by the way, some of the buses like the first one I showed you have that same export capability and we're looking at using them in municipal buses so that in a disaster, those buses can become emergency generators for the city and for the county. We're gonna take a quick break here before I come back and talk about some stuff that isn't one-off and it isn't special, it's commercially available now. We'll be back in 60 seconds. Aloha, I'm Keisha King, host of At the Crossroads where we have conversations that are real and relevant. We have spoken with community leaders from right here locally in Hawaii and all around the world. Won't you join us on thinktechhawaii.com or on YouTube on the Think Tech Hawaii channel.  I'll see you at the Crossroads. Aloha. Hi, I'm Rusty Kamori, host of Beyond the Lines. I was the head coach for the Punahou Boys varsity tennis team for 22 years and we're fortunate to win 22 consecutive state championship. This show is based on my book which is also titled Beyond the Lines and it's about leadership, creating a superior culture of excellence, achieving and sustaining success and finding greatness. If you're a student, parent, sports or business person and want to improve your life and the lives of people around you, tune in and join me on Mondays at 11 a.m. as we go Beyond the Lines on thinktechhawaii. Aloha. Hey, welcome back to Stand the Energy Man, Stan Osserman here on my lunch hour again. We were talking a little bit about some of our unique projects. We've got a couple more and then I'm gonna get into some commercial off the shelves. The next project that we have a slide on is one of our wind turbines with the actually inventor, creator and designer of this wind turbine. He's a local artist and inventor named John Petrie and that's how he dresses all the time unless he's surfing, in which case he's wearing board shorts and a rash guard. But he gets out surfing whenever the south shore's up and he does great work. In fact, we have two wind turbines and the next slide is actually both wind turbines on the flight line. The one he's standing in front of is the one that's on the right there. We call that the folding fan or folding blade turbine. And that is actually a scaled down version of the turbine that fits in a 40 foot container. It is designed for military use so the military can ship these conics containers to a theater and then drop them down with the sides fold down. They have PV on the side panel so you get photovoltaic electricity generated. And then the wind turbine goes up and it's designed to operate in a wide range of wind regimes but also when the wind gets too strong, it can fold up and then deploy itself into its container and protect itself in case there's a hurricane or a big storm and then redeploy. The turbine on the left there is called a spoke wheel. That's my favorite one. It's really designed for simplicity and minimum maintenance. So those turbines on the left side, the spoke wheel, you can stick it out in a field with 15 or 20 other ones. They work in a low level wind regime. They don't impact approach radars at the airport. And you can literally put those out in an array. They don't need any maintenance or any fine taking care of or maintenance at all by a man. If the wind gets too strong, the thing is actually designed to self feather. It literally goes from a vertical position down to a horizontal position, the stronger the wind gets. And then as the wind backs off, it'll slowly position itself back vertical and it even produces electricity when it's in that horizontal position. Both great designs by a company called Natural Power Concept and John Petrie, a local designer. The next project we have coming up is one that we did with some high school students. This is a Polaris Gem electric vehicle. It's a low speed vehicle. It's designed to actually ride on streets under 35 miles an hour. It's street legal. And the next slide shows what we did to it. We put on, that's a propane tank that holds a little bit of, not very much hydrogen, but we converted it to hold hydrogen at low pressure. And underneath it is a fuel cell, a one kilowatt fuel cell, and the control equipment for it. And I made a wooden rack to mount it in the back of the gem. The next picture is a completed vehicle with photovoltaics on top, fuel cell and a little bit of hydrogen in the tank and the vehicle itself. Now this little vehicle accelerates actually pretty quickly up to 25 miles an hour, but then the governor kicks in and won't let you go any faster. I'd love to take the governor off this thing and get it up to speed. I'm sure it would really haul. It's a pretty powerful vehicle. In fact, some of this equipment that I'm coming up on the next couple of slides, I've actually towed with this vehicle.  So this product though was done with four students from local high schools. They were part of a project that Rachel James, one of my coworkers helped initiate with the Center for Tomorrow's Leaders. But the next equipment, we're starting to move into what's commercially available, commercial off the shelf. This is a product from a company called GTM Luxver. They're out of California and this is a hydrogen fuel cell light cart. The kind of light cart you'd have available at a construction site or when you're doing road work or something like that where you need to have emergency power in a big field or something. And it's a pretty simple looking but it's got a tank of hydrogen in there that fits inside that little tiny compartment and it'll give you enough power to run those lights for actually several days nonstop. It's an amazing piece of equipment that's commercially available. The next slide shows it in action. We actually did an event in Kakaako Waterfront Park at the Oktoberfest a couple of years ago and it lit up the whole park almost the size of a football field with two light carts and that's the two of them working right there. And the amazing thing is they were so quiet and so clean that people were putting their meals and their beer and beverages down on top of this thing and using it like a table and sitting around and talking because it doesn't make any noise. Just absolutely phenomenal equipment and it's commercially available right now which is one of those signals that hydrogen's on the way. These things are not just for experiments anymore. They're actually being produced for commercial purchase. The next slide is a twofer. What you see in the foreground is a five kilowatt hydrogen fuel cell again by GTM Luxver that provides four kilowatts of power. It gives you four circuits, four 20 amp circuits with 110 volts and it can provide a pretty large amount of power to an outdoor event. This particular outdoor event was great because it was the Hawaii Gas groundbreaking or actually a dedication of their Hanoi Uli Uli natural gas reclamation project where they're taking natural gas off of the wastewater treatment plant at Hanoi Uli Uli and putting it into their gas pipeline to service customers rather than buying propane or making a propane. They're actually using landfill gas or wastewater gas to make energy for their customers. Again, a great sustainability story by Hawaii Gas.  This particular one was actually handmade. I think they took the basic model of a propane grill and Paul Pontio from Blue Planet Research on the Big Island and Chris McWinnie from Millennium Rain used some specialized equipment to make the burner out of it. A lot of people say, so how do you convert a propane stove to runoff hydrogen? And it's really fairly simple. The burner itself, one thing you don't wanna do is you don't wanna mix the oxygen with the hydrogen like you do in a gas grill. Usually there's an inlet for air to come in right after the gas goes as it heads into the stove. You don't have that input. The hydrogen mixes with air at the burner outside and that's a safety thing for hydrogen and it's the best way to do it. So number one, you can still have a flash suppressor in your line, that's a good thing to have. You don't have any kind of flashback from the hydrogen. Number two, you don't need to mix air and number three is the holes for the gas to come out have to be smaller. I would say almost 50 or 60% smaller than the propane gas nozzles. But it burns clean, it burns hot, and it burns humid, believe it or not, because when you burn hydrogen, you get water. Other cool thing about this thing is when you have a flame going, if you flip that grill up, you can put your hand within a quarter inch of the side of the flame and you barely feel any heat. If you rotated your hand a foot above the flame, you'd be cooking your hand. But if you have your hand right next to the flame on the side, hydrogen doesn't radiate any heat. So when you have a hydrogen fire, you don't have the heat going sideways and catching other things on fire. The heat goes straight up at 45 miles an hour and it's a great thing. So hydrogen's not just great for cars, vehicles, trucks, buses, they're extremely, it's extremely good in the large class eight vehicle range, but you can cook with it. When you make hydrogen off of electrolysis, you get pure oxygen as a byproduct that you can sell to medical institutions for medical grade oxygen, and you can also sell it to the welding community that use it for oxyacetylene welding and other things. So you got great byproducts when you're making hydrogen for other folks. We're gonna wrap it up with one of the videos that we put together at HCAP that talks about hydrogen called a wrap. Hydrogen, the simplest element, and also the most abundant. Hydrogen makes up roughly 75% of all mass in the universe. Hydrogen also powers most of the stars in our universe. So it's only fitting that it has come to be recognized as a viable alternative energy source. And we need alternatives because fossil fuels are problematic. They're messy, dirty, expensive to obtain and not secure. And they're limited. Hydrogen, on the other hand, is everywhere. Hydrogen can be produced from a wide variety of sources, including water itself, using other renewable energies. That means it's clean, really clean. As a zero emission fuel source, the only byproducts are water, heat, and electricity. Easily transported, hydrogen can be stored and distributed on a large scale as either gas or liquid. As a fuel, hydrogen itself is very light. In fact, hydrogen is 472 times more efficient by weight than lead acid batteries. And it isn't just for transportation. Hydrogen can also effectively produce and store energy for power grids. Hydrogen gas is transformed into energy within a fuel cell. As hydrogen passes through a fuel cell, electrons are released and an electrical current is produced and captured for use. Electric vehicle motors, powered by hydrogen fuel cells, are twice as efficient as gas or diesel engines. They can travel farther distances than lithium batteries, especially in heavy vehicles, and can last for decades. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells are scalable to buses and commercial fleets such as trucks, trains, ships, and aircraft. Fuel cells allow for fast, easy refueling. And hydrogen can be easily adapted to current refueling stations, making it a convenient fuel source for everyone. It is a proven, safe, clean, and efficient energy source currently in use worldwide. Hydrogen is everywhere, including our clean energy future. That video says it all. Just be looking for those cars. Toyota, Hyundai, Honda, they're all making fuel cell cars now. You got trucks coming online. You got boats coming online. You got military and civilian looking at hydrogen, even an aircraft. They're there in fuel cell forklifts, all kinds of stuff that's commercially available now. So it's coming. So mark my words. By 2025, you're gonna be wondering why we are still burning valuable oil and wasting it and putting carbon in our atmosphere when we could be using hydrogen technology. So that's gonna wrap it up for today's Stand the Energy Man. We'll see you next Friday. Here on Think Tech, Aloha.


Hey Mycroft. Add milk, eggs, and flour to the shopping list. Got it? Tim is on the way home. Should I see if he can pick it up? Yes. Have Tim pick it up from Walmart on his way home from work. We have an order ready at Walmart. Should we stop by on our way? Sure thing.