Okay, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Thailand, welcome to Bangkok and welcome to Rikoft, the Center for Forest and Forest. Can you all hear me? I hope so, I hope so. Let me introduce ourselves. I was just introduced by Boonmi, my name is Kora, and I work for Wageningen Center for Development Innovation. Our colleagues are the people from Rikoft Center for Forests and People, Rijani is one of them, and our participants are from many organizations from all over the world. Okay, why have we come together here? We, that is Wageningen Center for Development Innovation and Rikoft Center for People and Forest, we decided that it would be so great to gather landscape professionals from all over the world, in one place, and learn from each other about landscape dynamics, and moreover how we as landscape leaders can facilitate these landscape dynamics and multi-stakeholder processes within landscapes, and we've decided to call that landscape leadership. So over the past few days, actually, one and a half week already, we've been sharing, learning from each other, and really working hard to increase our landscape leadership skills, and we've learned how we can pass on those skills to the people we are working with. The setup of this course is that all participants have brought their own cases with them. So all the people who are here from Kenya, from Nigeria, from Thailand, from Indonesia, from Cameroon, from Mexico, from Bhutan, from India, from Sri Lanka, they've all come here with their own cases, with their own issues they have to work with, they're having difficulties with, and together we've been analyzing these cases from a landscape perspective. One of such cases actually is from Indonesia, and we have our colleague, Sasi, and Sasi is working in South Kalimantan, in an area in a landscape that is called Ulang, and we want Sasi to take us to Indonesia to her case. Sasi, please, can you come? Okay, this picture illustrates my landscape in Ulang Village in the loxado-protected forest South Kalimantan. As you can see, we tried to go back in 1983, and just imagine, this landscape is a real nice tropical rainforest. And after that, you can find so many villagers who are living inside the forest and also in surrounding forests to do their daily life, for example, like agriculture activities, farming lands, collecting forest products, and also these Daya Bukit tribes have the sacred forests, the implementations of their religion, their religion is animism. And also, after that, in 1999, our Ministry of Forestry issued one regulation about how to manage this protected forest into the industrial plantations forest. So, after that, many stakeholders came in this landscape for doing their oil pump plantations, also doing coal mining, both legal mining and also illegal mining. After that, in 2001, aliens of indigenous peoples who really stand up to fight their rights because their landscape has become shrink. And in 2014, our government changed their rules to have customary forests. But some problems still exist in this area, and our group discussions defines that the major issue is about unclear property rights of the land use. How does it play out in this area? It happens because the change of the government rules from 1999 to 2014. And of course, the second one, it develops to be a conflict between many stakeholders. This one, if you can see, some village also have a conflict to use this land use. And this one, from these dialogue Bukit tribes with the stakeholders, not the stakeholders, for example, private companies or investors who are really interested with this area because we are really rich with the natural resources. And then also the governments. So who are really involved in this issue? This, my local community, who are lost their rights. And also local NGO who wants to stand up to fight to help these people to get their rights again. And also for the investors who are really interested in this area. And government, because governments change their rules three times from 1993 to 2014. And what is exactly the major issue? Yes, as I said, the unclear property rights of the land use. So why this become an issue? Why this become a major issue? Because it links to their major livelihood. It links to their daily life. It links to their traditional rules, how to use, how to manage their forests. And also it links to their belief that their belief is animism. So they should protect their forests because trees also have spirit. Rock also has spirit and after that. So therefore as a victim, Daya Bukit tribes want to obtain land use, to obtain sustainable landscape management to shaker their lands. Okay, I think that's enough. Thank you. Okay, thank you Sasi. This was not a wonderful story. You did it wonderfully, but the story is actually quite difficult. Now, the way in which we've been teaching here or training here in this classroom is that we have used cases like Sasi's case and we tried to conceptualize them. We tried to put them within the framework of landscape approaches. So let me show you how we did it. Derek, may I have the slide? Yes, we took the case of Indonesia, Sasi's case in South Kalimantan. And then the next slide please. We looked at the most important asset of that landscape, which indeed is the forest. So we've been trying to focus on the forest and the dynamics of those forests. And while doing so, we realized that the forests in the Ulang landscape are increasingly fragmented and they are under threat. They are under threat for several reasons. On the one hand we have the Ulang village that is modernizing, that is growing, but we have people living there and they have been living in the forest and with the forest for a very long time. They know the forest. They are part of the forest. But increasingly we see commercial agriculture. In this particular case it is palm oil. But we all recognized this process from our own landscapes, that commoditization, the commercial impacts, the integration in the global economy is necessary. It is a reality, but it is influencing our local landscapes. And we also realized that the rural life is increasingly influenced or incorporated in processes of urbanization. We see in Indonesia a huge urbanization, big cities emerging and growing and functioning as a pool factor and attracting many people. That provides a lot of congestion and pollution, but it also provides opportunities for agriculture to grow and for commercial agriculture, for farmers to gain income. So it has two sides. And then we realized that the cities are obviously linked to infrastructure, to industry. There where people get their jobs from, there where people gain an income. We increasingly need material things and they are produced by the industry, which in turn needs the landscape and its resources, like in this case the water. So we see an interconnectedness within the landscape, an interdependency in which one part cannot go without the other. Then there was one more element that Susi mentioned, that's mining. We need the resources of our landscape to progress and to develop, but we also exploit these landscapes and how to do that sustainably. That's the question. So the first days of this course we spend a lot of time in analyzing these landscape dynamics and this interconnectedness between the pieces of the puzzle. But then we also realized that landscapes actually are not isolated, spatial units, geographical units in one location. They're actually increasingly interconnected, where is my slide? Interconnected to the global economy. There is mobility, there are global networks emerging all over and we increasingly see that consumers are part of the landscape, whether they realize it or not. Through their consumptive behavior they shape our landscape and they exercise an influence. And we increasingly see international trade agreements and value chains, commodity chains connecting our local landscape of Ulang to the wider world. And we increasingly see investors and we have realized that investors, they are not just the ones pumping money into our landscape. They are part of our landscape. They are co-responsible for the way in which these landscapes are being shaped. So we've been using a lot of tools to analyze all these global connections and how these are linked and how these global actors have become co-responsible for our landscapes. And we've used, I think, many creative ways of doing this type of analysis. And then actually the biggest question, the most difficult question, is if you look at all these different actors at different levels, different scales, how do we bring all these actors together and create some kind of, we don't know, of a space for dialogue where all these actors with their different discourses, their different perspectives can share or can fight or can dialogue or collectively create room to find what they have in common. So we were thinking of how can these institutional spaces be created? Like, could it be like round tables, platforms, networks, new landscape institutions, where stakeholders, including the far away ones, the global players, including the younger generation, including the biodiversity, how can all these actors come together and plan and negotiate for a better future? Well, that's the second step in the course and we did not only have Sasi's case, we also had a wonderful case from Kenya, Laikipia, and I would like to invite our participant from Laikipia, Alex. And Alex will present us an example of such a multi-stakeholder network in his landscape. Okay, Alex, over to you. As you can see, I'm about to share with you the case I brought from Kenya that stresses so much on multi-stakeholder activities to bring about harmony in the landscape issues. Okay, I'll give you a brief history of the landscape. Before 20th century, Laikipia Plateau was mainly inhabited by the Maasai before 20th century. At around 1904 and 1911, they all signed the Anglo-Maasai treaties that established common branches for white settlers. In the 1960s, early 1960s, Kenya became independent. The same laws that we used to form common branches by the settlers were adopted into the independent Kenya. In the 1970s, the Kenyatta government settled some other people from other regions into the large scale. In the 1990s, there was increased claim for constitutional change. Constitutional change that would bring about change in institutions that govern resources that are common to the people. In 2010, we got a new constitution, the constitution we are using now. In 2014, we have a lot of laws and good institutions unfolding that will help address some of the issues in the large scale. Good. In the large scale, it's a beautiful and rich Savannah ecosystem. It is on the lower side of Mount Kenya to the southeast, stretches to the edge of the Rift Valley to the west. So you can see much of it is Savannah and it's rich in wildlife and some small patches of forest to the west, a small patch to the southeast. So much of the resources here is wildlife and some forest resources. We also have water resources. Now the issue is that people in the land feel and mostly indigenous populations feel that all is not well if the resources mostly from wildlife are not shared equitably. So the main problem as part of the case I brought here is inequitable sharing of the benefits accruing from exploitation of the wildlife resource among other resources. So that being the case, we find that about three years ago, about three years ago, there was realized that there was need to have a way to bring on board various perspectives on the large scale so that we could chart way forward. And there was form a network of stakeholders comprising of tourism operators, commercial ranchers, business community. As you can see here, there's a dialogue table and a location tree. We also have the water resource associations and community forestry associations. All these stakeholders coming together to form a network that is called by the name of the landscape. It's a landscape wise network called like keep your country natural resource network. And it is mandated to look into issues revolving around natural resources and the exploitation of the benefits. So this network was formed three years ago and it has been involved actively to influence formulation of policies and laws both at the county level and at the national level. At the county level, it was involved in the formulation of the county wildlife act that sought to be addressing issues related to human wildlife conflicts. There before we used to have regional community committees that would resolve cases emanating from human wildlife conflicts. We've also influenced formulation of a policy that is about to be assented by the president. We'll see that we have an independent body that can't be influenced either politically or I hope, that will be called the benefits sharing authority that will be established by a law that is to be assented called natural resource benefits sharing. Okay, we also have the indigenous communities also claim that it is the ancestral land that was subdivided by the white settlers and those previous regimes that it is their right to own the land. So we are having also, coming in place, community land bill. This bill, this bill when it comes to law, it will define to what extent and the validity of the claims of the indigenous communities, Spartans land and use of the natural resources in their last cave. Thank you. Now that being the case and working with that network of stakeholders, it has been amid various challenges and one of the challenges has been coordinating activities across the last cave. Various stakeholders have various views on natural resources. Public private interests collide. We are completing needs of wildlife, agriculture and tourism. So it has been very difficult to coordinate activities and to try to make all the stakeholders have a common understanding on what should work, what can work for all in the last cave. Another problem has been lack of or inadequate advocacy skills among the stakeholders to influence to a big extent formulation of policies in the last cave. Though we have managed but we still find our capacities to advocate for that inadequate. We've also had a challenge with resources. The last keep is very vast. Expansiveness of the last cave requires enormous resources to facilitate small processes across the last cave. Again, another positive side of it of the network is that recently we have another partner on board, eco-agriculture partners. He's partnering with Lakeipia County Natural Resources Network to situate that there's integrated management of the last cave for people, food and nature. Thank you very much. Thank you Alex for sharing with us the really complex and interesting case of Lakeipia, Kenya. And I think you identified a number of challenges but one of the main developments has been this setting up of the multi-stakeholder dialogue. And setting up of such a multi-stakeholder dialogue really in essence and in part requires some form of leadership. And the question that we've been talking in the class in this training has been what is a landscape leader? And why is a landscape leader different from any other leader? And in essence is actually what Cora, Sasi and Alex has been talking about. It's actually this having the sense of the place, connections to the place and it's knowing the place. And in essence also even a deep respect and love for the place. And we've been using a framework and I can see that it's being shared with you on the slide right now. We've been using a framework to better understand landscape leadership at this landscape level. And we start this sense of place, this deep knowing of the place starts with the I, the individual. An individual with what we call the X factor. This person has charisma to convince and make people listen. This person is passionate about the landscape and the interactions and the dynamism in the landscape. And has the courage to take risk in essence. This person has the inner conviction and motivation to make change happen. With these traits, the individual leader with charisma, passion and all the other traits, the core attributes is able to share the vision for change to connect with like-minded people. This is the we that is the co-creation of a shared collective vision for change and action to make changes happen at the landscape level. At this juncture there could emerge a number of landscape leaders. Taking into consideration the shrinking and expanding of the landscape that Korra described with her puzzle, we touch upon describing the landscape. We move to the day, the collective group realizing the need to bring other actors into the landscape to make strategic connections. This is alliances, partnerships or networks with actors. Typically this will be connections with markets, connections with academic institutions and other actors. This, I feel, creates the impetus for rocking the system, so to speak. This is where there is an avenue and space to set agendas, to change rules for negotiating, for claiming and granting of space. The it, where changes can happen at the systemic level, where the vision of the change for the landscape is actualized for the actors within the landscape. So this framework we feel has been something that helps us to understand really this process and this concept of leadership at landscape level. And I will pass on to Korra to kind of wrap up our discussion for today. Thank you, Rajani. I forgot to properly introduce Rajani Kunjapan. She is one of the re-coffed experts and trainers and we are working closely together here in Bangkok. Also we have Tom De Bruyne, one of our Wageningen colleagues who is with us and Rona Korn, the chief trainer of this also with us. Okay, we are receiving questions. We are receiving difficult questions. We are receiving a question like, how can collective action be achieved? We are receiving a question like, what is a platform? And we have received a question, how do you practically involve global stakeholders? Well, I think Rajani, you have partly answered these questions by using the process of moving from the personal leadership styles to the changing the system. This is highly conceptual but I would like all participants from around the globe who are watching us to think over these questions and bring them along when they come to the Global Landscape Forum. That is actually one thing I would like to say now because you might like our course and you might like our international setting. So, I would like to invite you. May I have a slide? Yeah, you can join us. We hope you will join us. You can join us during the Global Landscape Forum, during the Masterclass, that's what the youth is organizing, on Friday the 5th, that's the day before the Global Landscape Forum. I think you can still sign up and maybe Michelle, you want to put the link for signing up into the chat box. Then, if you really like these landscape approaches, the multi-stakeholder processes within landscapes and the landscape leadership, if you're really attracted by our story, then you can go to our website and actually you can already apply. You see here the Apply button and I've heard that there is already a rush but if you're fast, you may get a scholarship. That means that our sponsors will pay for your ticket and you're boarding and lodging. So, apply and make sure that you join us here in Bangkok next November 2015. Here is the link for some people. Maybe Michelle, you want to put this link in the chat box. I am not sure if there are questions from our global audience. Maybe Bunmi, can I hand over to you and let us know the questions which have been asked so far. Bunmi, are you there? Yeah, hi Bunmi, how are we doing? Hello, can you hear me now? Yes, we can hear you perfectly well. All right. I was saying the first question was directed to Ms. Sasi and the question was like, given these issues, what can you recommend in order to move forward with unclear property rights and numerous changes in the government policy? Okay, Sasi, this is not an easy question but please give it a try. Yeah, thank you for the questions and my recommendation based on our discussion is about giving space for negotiations, inclusion of stakeholders particularly who are really connected with my landscape. For example, from local people and also private sectors, also the government and local NGO or international NGO. And also giving space to have a public hearing particularly for the local people. Of course, we already did it with the alliance of indigenous people but I think this is not really enough to have this kind of alliance but maybe our governments give us public hearings. And also the third one is about respecting, please respect their rights to have their lands and because you know their traditional knowledge they live for many centuries in their village before our independent days in 1945. So they're living for many centuries over there. So I think let's work together to have a better future. Thank you. Thank you, Sasi. The second question was not directed at anyone in particular and is actually a series of questions. I'm just going to read it out now. I'm starting now. Beyond dialogue, how can collective action be achieved and the person define collective action as when stakeholders actually decide to act and compromise resources to achieve a common goal. Then there's the follow-up question which is what is the platform? How can you involve global stakeholders? What is the justification to have an external actor be granted rights over a local landscape as a stakeholder? I don't know if you want to take these questions one by one or you want to answer them together. I think the one who is most experienced in facilitating these multi-stakeholder platforms is Alex. So may I hand over to you, Alex? Thank you very much. How can collective action be achieved? Beyond dialogue. Okay. How can collective action be achieved? Yeah. Beyond dialogue. Thank you. Thank you. To achieve a collective action at the large scale, what we tried to do and what we most did is bringing them together. You mobilize them. You mobilize them. You have them, for example, at a round table. You share with them. You make them, for example, their capacity is on artificial values. You try to show them so that all of them can have a common understanding of the landscape and the issue you wish to address collectively. It's possible. Thanks for the answer, Alex. And would you like to take on the other two following questions, which is what is a platform? Thank you. The platform we are having is a network, a platform that encompasses various stakeholders in the large scale, various players in the large scale. Okay. I hope that is a satisfying answer. Yes. But if there is more time, there is one more particular question directed at Alex, actually. Okay. Alex. I'm ready. I'm ready. And this particular question is from Darcy Lapabis. She is trying to ask, how can we safeguard and ensure that the benefit-sharing authority will not be influenced by the government or any authority with vested interests? Are there already said benefits-sharing for Kenya? Okay. Thank you. That's a law that's about to be assented. And it's sitting about the authority that we hope won't be interfered with. We have a lot of institutions in the country. We have an independent body that would try to check. We are also there to see to it that there's no interference. We would be there to watch and know that we saw in case it's being interfered with, or we feel that some forces are about to interfere with the working of the authority. We are there to watch dogs, the community and the network as well. And finally, Alex, before you go, the last question to you, please. What is the justification to have an external actor be granted rights over a local landscape as a stake holder? Okay. Do you want me to take that again? Yes, please. Okay. What is the justification to have an external actor be granted rights over a local landscape as a stake holder? Okay. Thank you very much. Rajani is willing to help me address that, please. Okay. Thank you, Alex, for the justification, maybe not really a justification, but when we talk about rights at the landscape level, and rights really is about a bundle of rights. It's a number of rights that is granted by any authority, for example, which we call the duty bearers. And the duty bearers and the rights holders who have these rights, they both have responsibility towards what, how they exercise these rights. And while it may be just, this is a justification in its way by the granting of the rights, but the granting of the rights does not come without responsibilities and how these rights are exercised. I hope that answers the question in part for external actors as well as actors within the landscape. Okay. Bunmi, there is the other question of how to involve global stakeholders into local processes. It is a difficult question, but I would like to tell a bit about my own experience that I'm increasingly seeing an interest in companies, multinational companies, global organizations to get involved in local processes. I see, I'm optimistic, I see an increased responsibility which is being taken up by the private sector. And I see more companies realizing that destroying the landscape puts their production chains at risk. So I see an increased interest in companies in private sector to take more care and to take co-responsibility over the landscape. And I find that extremely hopeful and extremely challenging to see how private companies can be involved in local landscape processes, how they can contribute to the sustenance, to the maintenance of the landscape. We have in our group two people who have practical experience with such private sector involvement. We have Steffi from South Africa who is working with private sector. We have Vanika from the Netherlands. She is working a lot with private sector. May I ask both of you to say something very small about this involvement of private sector? Steffi, would you like to try? Yeah. So I think that what we've realized is that on a landscape a lot needs to be achieved and people lack the power to take big steps forward. And a way to bring that power in is to invite people from outside. And I think that Rajani's point on rights and responsibility is incredibly important. But at the end of the day what it allows is that it generates a co-management technique between people on the landscape and people outside the landscape and a co-creation of solutions to satisfy the needs of all of the parties. Because there's no denying it, we can't exclude the private industry and the private sector any longer. It's not sustainable and it's not going to take us very far at all. So that's what we've found in some cases in South Africa that's been really enlightening and allowed us to proceed forward in leaps and bounds. Then Vanika from the Netherlands and working in Indonesia. Hello. Welcome. What I would like to say about the involvement of the private sector in restoring landscapes is that they are the future. They see the importance of their presence in the landscape and they are willing to be part of the landscape. And it doesn't have to be traditional. They are part of the landscape. As are the consumers, for instance, in Europe and in the United States. We are part of the landscape, just as Korra also said. So that's the future. That's how we look at it and how we have to evolve it. How we have to work on that. Maybe just to finalize another very hopeful thing that I noticed is that global investors increasingly realize that there are so many degraded and damaged landscapes in this world. And that investing in restoring them, investing in bringing their values back is actually a very good investment opportunity. You may not get maximum financial return out of that, but you get a lot of social return and natural return. And it may even give you a really good inspirational drive, which could be seen as a return on investment. And yes, I'm quite optimistic that that will happen soon. There are two more questions. For whom? Okay, the issue of gender and women inclusion in landscapes. Would that be a question for Stella, maybe, from Cameroon? Would you like to answer the question, how to look at gender relations in landscapes? And what's the role of women in landscape approaches and dialogue? Thank you. I see this as a very important aspect. Women, they should be part of landscape management because they are in direct contact with the resources. They use the resources. They know how to manage it. But in most cases, decisions are taken without them and which is not a good thing in the management of a landscape. So it is important to incorporate women in the planning process of how to manage a landscape. Thank you. Okay, we see there is another question. That is, the question is about bottom-up versus top-down. And the question is, should we approach a landscape from the top-down, the planning, the designing and the control? Or should we approach it bottom-up, the core creation and the dialogue and the working from the bottom upwards? That's a nice question. I think we have tried to approach landscapes as networks in which we have local players and national players and international players. And when you look at the landscape as a network, I find it hard to make the difference between bottom-up and top-down. I think you need them both and I think a real dialogue is actually end the bottom and the top dialoguing together. Maybe Rijani, can you show us a box? We've been working a lot on this idea of act globally and think locally. Or think globally and act locally. And we need them both. And we think that is the interesting part of the landscape approach that it allows you to look at the landscape from the inside. We have a lot of things in the box. That is we have stakeholders, we have conflicts, we have erosion, we have competition. But we also have initiatives and power and agency that's in the box. A lot of different things. Identity, critical thinking, interactions, local interactions. Yes, knowledge and sharing. That's inside of the box. Okay, but if you close the box again, you look at the outside and the linkages to higher levels of influence. We have the global agreements, we have the trade relations and we have the consumers' behaviors. And we think we need both. I think we need to co-create at the local level that we have to interact with the global level. And that's the way in which we've been approaching our landscapes during the course. Are there more questions? In regards to the last question you just answered, there is another angle of the question which is when do we know when to use the bottom-up approach or the top-down approach? Or when should we decide when to use the top-bottom approach or the bottom-up approach in most stakeholder setup? I think maybe Staffie is working both globally and locally. Can you give it a try to answer this question? So I think what we say is that we've got a top-guided approach but everything needs to be based at the bottom and that's the top and the bottom that we talk about. And I think that it's not one at one stage of the process and another stage of the process but they need to work together all the way through. And you need to make sure that there's always guidance but the solutions and the movement forward always comes from the bottom. So neither one nor another at a certain time but together all the way that would be my solution. Thank you, Staffie. I also think it's very contextual. Yes, it depends on the context and some of the tools that we've been using and learning within this training really helps you analyze that context and decide which entry points you have. And I think when you do that analysis with the stakeholders who are involved within the context that you're talking about keeping in mind that it's both local along to the global that you will have a better understanding of which entry points and when to use them. Are there any other questions from the audience? Bonmi? Right now, there are no other questions. So to random off, I think we may just have to say some or two other things you may want to talk to a participant to random off the webinar. I'm sorry, Bonmi. Can you just say that again because I'm not sure we heard it very clearly here. Okay. Hello. Do you hear me very clearly now? Yes. I said there's no more question for now and I don't know. Actually there is another question. There's a question from Joanna and she says it sounds a nice idea to create a multi-stakeholder platform to ensure sustainable development. But when you have, for example, a management who is extracting resources in the rural areas and who is backed up by the government because the government needs their taxes to have some state income but use these taxes mainly to ensure their votes in the reach of a middle class. How do you see these investors or government and local people sit together on equal terms to work out some sustainable future? Well, I think that's really about governance. And when we talk about governance, it's really ensuring that the sharing, the benefit sharing, the benefits from the resources go to the different stakeholders who have a stake in the landscape. And coincidentally, our next session in this training course will address this issue on governance. Governance in the landscape. After looking at the institutions and the stakeholders in the landscape, the governance needs to be strong. The governance needs to ensure that there are people within the landscape getting the benefits, the rights to the benefits that they deserve. Yes, it's ideal. Yes, in reality, there are many challenges and I think the two cases that we've seen from our participants here, Sati's case and Alex's case, show us the complexity and the difficulty and the challenges that's faced. But I think if we look and analyze the systems within the landscape, we'll be able to work out a more sustainable future as the question was asked. Korra, would you like to add on to that? Yes, I would like to add a little bit because the way in which the question is phrased, it is as if we believe that multi-stakeholder dialogue is a very nice and peaceful process. Well, actually we've talked a lot about that because in reality it is not. And in reality, stakeholder dialogue within a landscape, especially when you take on board these global players, is extremely difficult and it is usually a very conflictive process in which all stakeholders really need their capacities to keep standing in negotiations and fierce negotiations. And sometimes you really need outsiders to play a mediation role. If stakeholders cannot solve conflicts or issues together and then to avoid really stagnation, you need professional facilitators to try to create maybe not a common vision, but at least a common concern like, hey guys, if we go on like this, we will all be losers. Now how do you get to that common concern? We've been working a lot on it and it would be difficult to talk about that in one minute only. But I think maybe global audience, think about how these processes play out in your own landscape. And when you come to the Global Landscape Forum, share with us your examples so that we can analyze them together and see if we can break through stagnant processes. And if you really struggle with these issues, I would like to invite you again, please apply for this training course so that you can be here with us in Bangkok next year and we will take your case and try to help you through this difficult stakeholder process. I think, Bunmi, we're getting to 10. Could you maybe round up in a nice way? Okay, I'm just going to say a quick thank you to our panelists, Kora, Sasi, Alex and Rangyanio from Bangkok. And to everyone who has been part of the webinar, thank you for participating. Like Kora rightly said, we look forward to seeing many of you in Lima at the youth events proper. And before then, we expect you to try to get more familiar with the topic and some of your other questions will be raised and will be addressed at the master class. So thank you everyone and let me just say good night or good morning depending on which part of the world you are. Thank you and bye everyone. Thank you very much for having us around.


Well, the Northern Minnesota Robotics Conference laid out a new intricate game plan for their second annual competition. Reporter Cheryl Moore brings us into the bot arena for this week's community spotlight. The excitement of cool gadgets, intricate coating, and lots of brain power filled the auditorium of Bemidji High School over the weekend. During competitions, the adrenaline is just going 24-7. There's always things to do. This is the first time I've actually got to chill down a little bit since this competition started. The Northern Minnesota Robotics Conference was hoping to have more than 1,500 people at the event. And by the size of the arena, it looks like they scored big. We've tried to step it up a notch from last year. We brought in a lot more light sound and video NLFX. The local company here came in and they've absolutely knocked it out of the park. Tried to add more excitement. We are up a couple of teams from last year. I think we had 17 teams this year. We have 19. The teams will spend anywhere from six weeks to a year preparing for this big day. This time, the main goal of the game involved moving crates and stacking them onto a teeter totter for points. When you start to add in, you know, just the logistics of a tournament like this. You know, getting the field up from the Twin Cities, trucking, transportation, trained key volunteers, and then even locally with the business support that we need to sponsorships, even providing meals for all the volunteers. You know, it takes about 70 to 80 volunteers to put on an event like this. One of the big parts of this competition is not only working together with your own teammates, but also working together with the teams you see around us. The kids are out networking with other teams. They're scouting teams. They're interviewing with judges. A lot of the soft skills that go along with any job. There's a lot of excitement around building your robot from the ground up and then watching it compete in the ring. But for a lot of the kids, the friendships they make are equally worthwhile. For me, it's hard to really give one favorite part of robotics. I mean, I love spending time with the guys that we have on our team, guys and gals. I'm really excited for this year to see what we're going to build. Reporting of Amidji with this week's Community Spotlight, Cheryl Moore, Lakeland News. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Almost there. All right, we are now streaming. All right, thank you, Eileen. Well, happy Monday, everyone. I'm gonna call the meeting to order since everyone's here. So happy Monday, good morning, everyone. Calling the meeting to order. I got something to read, of course, beforehand. So here we go. Pursuant to government code section 54953E and the recommendation of the health officer of the County of Sonoma. The Santa Rosa Business Improvement Area Advisory Board will be participating in this meeting via Zoom webinar. Members of the public may view and listen to the meeting as noted to the city's website and as noted on the agenda. The request that the recording secretary review, how the public may comment over this. That's certainly. Members of the public may participate in this meeting virtually if they would like to speak during public comment, they can use the raised hand feature or if they're dialing in, they can press star nine at which time they will be recognized to speak. Thank you so much. Thank you, Eileen. Now we're gonna go ahead and move on to item two, which is roll call. Madam secretary, could you please take roll call? Member Rivera. About present. Member Rumble. Here. Member Renteria. Member Anderson. Let the record rest, all members are present. Wonderful, thank you. And now we move on to item three, which is public comments. So we have any comments from the public? We have no raised hands at this time, nor do we have any voicemails or emails for this meeting. All right, thank you, Eileen. And like I said, this is a brief meeting, it's a special meeting. And we're gonna go ahead and move on to approval of board members, which is item three. Great. So approval of submission of new board member and alternate board member to the city council for appointment is what this meeting is about. So staff will present and recommend appointees to the center of tourism business improvement area, advisory board as follows. Tony Pace, he's the general manager of hotel E to serve as a representative for the full service hotels and Charlene Lennon, director of sales visit Santa Rosa to serve as alternate representative for the, she's a representative for the Santa Rosa Chamber of Commerce also known as the Santa Rosa Metro Chamber in the event that the chief executive officer of the Santa Rosa Metro Chamber is unable to attend the meeting or a meeting. So I would like to make a motion to approve Tony Pace as the new member of the advisory board. And I'd like to know if there's any discussion. Yeah, I was kind of wondering, do we approach any other full-serve properties or do they even have GM's now? Yeah, it's kind of, well, let me make a comment. I think we approach gentlemen from the Flamingo, we made several attempts to do so and unfortunately he was not interested at this moment. I think in part because of the renovation that they just got done doing and a few other circumstances. And I think for the Hyatt, I think there's been a little bit of a turnover. So that's, I think it's been the challenge all along. This has been a lot of turnover over the past eight months or so due to the pandemic and then some other reasons. Okay, cool, that was my only question. Okay. Any other discussion? Any, well, do we have any members of the public present? Any public comments before we? I apologize, I just muted. We do not have any hands raised at this time. Okay. All right, so the motion is to accept Tony Pace as a member of the advisory board and let's say someone wants a second. Second. I will second it. Okay, so all those in favor say aye. Aye. Okay, any opposed say nay. No. All right, motion approved. And now we have a new advisory board member for the SRT BIA board. So thank you. And then second, we'd like to have the alternate which is Charlene Lennon. And again, like I said, she is a member of the, she's a sales director for the San Rosa Metro Chamber also known as the San Rosa Chamber of Commerce. And I'd like to make a motion to approve her as an alternate in the event that the CFO, the CEO cannot attend any of these meetings. I'll second Charlene. Okay, hold on a second. All right, any public discussion? Any public comments I mean? We have no hands raised at this time. Okay. All right, so all those in favor to approve Charlene as an alternate say aye. Aye. Any opposed? No. All right, so Charlene Lennon is approved as an alternate to the SRT BIA advisory board. And any other further discussion? I would just like to add that the motion that this is for is that they, the approval by the board is for council to appoint them. So that's when they will officially be members of the board. Correct. Thank you for that clarification, Eileen. And we'll have the staff report ready so that then the council appoints these individuals to these seats. So thank you. All right, so that pretty much concludes our meeting. And I thank you again for your flexibility. And I look forward to seeing you again very soon. Thank you, everyone. Thanks all. Have a great rest of the week. All right, Eve, bye-bye. Thank you both.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here in this video? I'm just going to discuss who I think the killer should be in a Possible fourth sequel to the original screen film that West Craven directed Kevin Williamson wrote the film that kind of brought the Horror genre back into relevancy in the late 90s when we're getting this getting a series of bad sequels from the from the big three Michael Freddie and Jason a Scream kind of put the horror genre back on the map in the late 90s Revitalized it and saved it from the downward spiral. It was on and brought it was a breath of fresh air at the time of its release Scream is in fact my favorite horror film. I think I've said that several times on this channel But I want to get into something in regards to what I would do with screen five That's if spyglass media who is the one there? They're the company who are responsible going to be responsible for the upcoming Screen film that we get whether or not that's going to be a sequel to screen for not that is yet to be seen But I feel like everything's being tight-lipped and they're gonna make a big announcement It is gonna end up being a sequel to screen for I think everything's just kind of being kept on the wraps and the main stars Neff Campbell everybody David Arquette, I want to kind of just give a shout out to Zack cherry. I believe I'm saying your name correctly. I apologize if I have not said your name correctly I don't have it in front of me right now. I also don't have my cell phone by me which sucks He he has a YouTube channel. He puts out a lot of screen content He's the one who kind of put me in this mindset I think that what a lot of the main stars are doing is they're kind of just downplaying it until spyglass media is ready to make An official announcement where they'll announce that Kevin Williamson is back to right They'll announce the director and they'll announce the return of the three main stars Neff Campbell David Arquette and Courtney Cox Beginning to the topic of today's video if it is in fact a sequel to screen for I think the killer of Screen 5 it should be Judy Hicks now for those of you who are familiar with screen 4 I feel like a lot of people coming out coming out of screen 4 felt that Judy Hicks was a bit off They felt that Judy Hicks could be a possible villain in the future or Judy Hicks herself She came across as if she was the villain in in screen 4 It's like she was working with the killers or something something about her Just gave off this vibe like she has like in history with Sydney or something And especially that one scene where she's in the dark and she seems kind of bothered that Sydney Remember who she was now every time I watch this movie. I'm thinking myself. What is it that? Why is it that she wants Sydney to remember her so badly? What is it that went on between these two and then what I started thinking about was the fact of Something I came up with and some other fan scripts and everything they brought me to this conclusion here in the theory of mine West Craven revealed in an interview that Neil Prescott had died off-screen from a heart attack What does that have to do with Judy Hicks? I'm gonna get into that right now so in my in my ideal screen 5 we find out that Judy Hicks was the one responsible for the death and Neil Prescott how and why I'm gonna get into that right now The opening kill of screen 5 if I were to have it done my way the opening kill would take place It would be a flashback, of course or not not a flashback We're just set in set in a time that screen screen 5 itself would not be taking place in screen 5 I feel should be set in the year 2000 2020 are the same year as ours Maybe this flashback or this this past sequence that we have to open the movie is set in since Neil Prescott died in between 2000 and 2010 according to West Craven. He died off-screen Apparently had a heart attack Let's put this flashback in 2007 and then perhaps Neil's death we come to find out as well actually led Sydney to write that book out of darkness So Neil Prescott has his heart attack in 2007 and then we come to find out in the opening of this film We have a rainy night. We have some terrifying music They set the mood we zoom into a house the doors broken Wide open we go into the house and we see like some glass or shards of glass thrown around on the floor a Few broken pieces of furniture and in the corner. We have a dead Neil Prescott now from there What what is going to happen is the movie will play out and we come to find out that the person who is responsible for Neil's Prescott's death all that time ago was in fact Judy Hicks and She is the killer in this new screen film. Now. What is her motive? of To my this is something that I just came up with out of the blue Judy Let's say that Neil Prescott when Marine Prescott had died. Let's say that Neil Prescott He coped in it in the way that was similar to what Marine did Marine slept around and perhaps Neil being unable to cope with the loss of his wife He started sleeping around with a bunch of women in Woodsboro one of those women ended up being Judy's mother Now their relationship of course not to end on good terms because Neil Realized that sleeping around with his woman was not the way to cope with the loss of his wife And all those times he was telling Sydney he was going out of town for business He was going out of town But he would come back early sometimes to meet up with Judy's mother and these other women He was having an affair with to get over the loss of his wife But he comes in senses realize this isn't this isn't a good way to cope He leaves Judy's wife now Judy's wife We come to find out Judy's wife had actually or or Judy's mom rather Judy's mom Judy's mother had lost her husband a few years prior so her and Neil kind of just Bonded off of their own grieving still she's still in the grieving process as well all these years later and Neil kind of was like a safe spot for her. He made her feel alive again He brought that happiness back to her and in the second he leaves That's when she finally goes off the deep end entirely. She Her health deteriorates She was already Unhinged a little bit off over the death of her husband's Still so many years later and then to have her heart broken by another man Kind of just sets her off the deep end not not even that It's just the fact that she has a lot of health issues that arose from the loss of her husband And then those health issues are only heightened When it seems like another man is leaving her nobody wants her Her health deteriorates Judy's life is of course affected by this because she lives with the woman and then of course all this stress and all this bad Turmoil going on with Judy's mother leads to Judy's mother passing away when Judy's in high school Now Judy new Neil Prescott was having an affair with her mother She never addresses Sydney about this because her and Sydney were not close in high school The only thing that we know occurred with these two is that they were in a play the Peter Pan play But we come to find out Later on in the film that Judy actually always had a grudge against Neil Prescott Couldn't bring herself to confront him about it though until So until 2007 So she arranged the time to go meet him He agreed and when they went old when she went over They talked they discussed she came out to him about how How he how she feels that he ruined her childhood because of the fact that she lost her mother because of because of his inability to cope with his own wife's passing And then taking it out on a woman who was already grieving and then sent her off the deep end Which in affected Judy's life and then led to her mother passing away from it all Now the death of a loved one everyone copes differently So Judy's mother of course did not cope well with the passing of her husband and then That combined with Neil Prescott who was kind of like a safe zone to make her forget about all that That's that just kind of set everything off and everything was downward From that point when Neil finally came to his senses Judy's mother Unfortunately did not because she was already too far gone Given the fact that she was already a little bit mentally off from the passing of her husband. So with all that in mind Judy blames Neil Prescott for the passing of her mom and She wants Neil Prescott to just basically Suffer at this point. She not only is she willing to go confront him now at this point But she came there to kill him But before she got a chance to kill him She pulls a knife out on him or something Neil is overwhelmed with so much with so much Emotion and so much fear in regards to what Judy is about to do that. He's about to lose his life he ends up having a heart attack from Judy never gets to do anything and That's why nothing was ever investigated Judy didn't directly kill Neil Prescott, but she was the cause of his heart attack she was the cause of his heart attack and Everything that was about to happen to him is what led up to the heart attack that fear that growing fear in him Is what led to the heart attack now So many years later Judy Finally decides to say Judy is a little bit off herself, too. She's a little bit unhinged She decides that she wants to take this anger out that she still harbors for Neil Prescott She feel like he can't be completely gone until she takes out his daughter now She wants to take she wants to take out Sydney. So she starts another killing spree. She starts going after going after Sydney's Sydney's friends of course going after gale do we and we end up finding out that it's Judy in the end of the film She reveals to Sydney why we find out Sydney finds out that her father did in fact die from a heart attack, but there was more to it than that Judy was the cause of the heart attack in a way because she came over to that house to threaten his life and She was she was in the process about to kill Neil Prescott and that fear overwhelmed him so much that he had a heart attack She explains to Sydney the process of how Neil was having an affair with Judy's mother It's just a whole whole big emotional sequence. I that's what I would do for swing five we find out that Judy Hicks is the killer and We find out some things about Neil Prescott in his backstory as well and what actually led to him dying That's what I would do for a screen five and then that would all bridge into a screen six Where Sydney has now finally gone off the deep end and she is the final ghost face and we end the series with Sydney With Sydney being the final killer now in regards to how Sydney becomes a killer. I'm gonna save that for another video But let me know what you guys think about this down in the comment section below I know it's kind of a little bit all over the place If you haven't already make sure you subscribe it's in our post notifications So you never miss a video in the description. I have links on my social media accounts my Facebook Twitter and Instagram You can message me there to limit of as any movies news or views you would like me to cover in the future And all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video and in the description or in the comment section rather I will have a link to the Facebook group that I have started this link to the Facebook group will be To the group where you can get updates on Jeepers creepers and talk to the gentleman who is in contact with Victor Salva's name Stacy Langenkamp There's an announcement post he's tagged in it if you want any updates on Jeepers creepers join this group Don't mind guys. I will see you in the next video


Now we know that When we cry for Imam Hussain alayhi salam when we mourn the tragedy of Karbala Sayyeda Zahra personally comes and collects those tears that we shed for him But today let us show Sayyeda Fatima that we cry for her as well Let us show her that we mourn the tragedy that befell her as well and my brothers and sisters Let us not be ashamed to let our voices be heard when we cry for the house of Muhammad and We know that Imam Hussain alayhi salam had to witness and endure the tragedy of Karbala from start to finish But in narrations it is Imam al-Hussain alayhi salam that had to witness the death of his mother It is Imam Hussain alayhi salam that witnessed the heavy door fall on top of his mother Imagine imagine that picture being painted for you and having to carry that for the rest of your life And this is what this poem is about It's about the ima sahib of Sayyeda Zahra through the eyes of her son Imam al-Hussain alayhi salam And it's as if Imam Hussain is describing the events himself. Please recite Allah's salawat Allah Muhammad wa Ali Muhammad Tell the one That's mourn for her Tell the ones that mourn for her a picture was painted for my a picture Not for Hussain a picture Not for Hussain, but alone. I saw the dying cry as we were Sat safe at home Sat safe at home Allah sat safe at home Who shall believe my mother rose and rushed to the door my mother rose and rushed to the door Risking her life to protect her unborn My mother rose and rushed to the door Risking her life to protect her unborn She then says I am Zahra I am Zahra then I heard them say move away from the door actions with no Took a step back Imam Hussain says help first against the wall most against the wall She fell to the floor. She cried to the last words of Sayyeda Zahra the will of Bibi Fatima He cried to my father Ah Hassan and Al-Hussain Aftah Hassan and Al-Hussain And soon they won't have me to hug when they cry To hug when they cry We saw he has gone Al-Hussain was saying about the grief of his grandfather Washed her body his tears would tap


Good morning sir. Can you hear me? Yes sir. I can hear you sir. Am I audible sir? Yes, yes. How are you? I am fine sir. You are calling from? Sir, I am in Saharanpur UP. Saharanpur UP. How far is Saharanpur from Dehradun? Sir, it is around 70 kilometers. Have you joined Dehradun? Sir, I am undergoing my training at Indira Garni nation post. Okay. What all tours you have finished so far? Sir, we did introductory tour to Chandrapur in Maharashtra and then West India too. Gujarat, Rajasthan and? Gujarat, Rajasthan and? Western UP sir. Western UP? Yes sir. Agra in Itawamil. Okay, okay. So, how many months you have spent in academy so far? IGNFA? Sir, we spent around 3 months sir and then we have been in lockdown so we have been doing our training from home. When did you join Dehradun? Sir, the first week of December. First week of December. After LBS? Sir, I skipped the foundation course. Why? Sir, to appear for the civil services examination. Alright. And why didn't you join railway traffic service? Sir, railway traffic service is a very good service. At the same time, sir, when I had compared both the services, so I found that Indian Forest Service gives us an opportunity to work at the ground level plus it keeps us close to the nature. Considering these aspects, sir, I chose Indian Forest Service. Okay, suppose you are selected in now civil services, what all services you would like to join? Sir, I am mainly trying for IAS and IPS, so I will go for those services. So you are not filled any other option? Sir, I have filled other services as well. Sir, I have filled five services. You have filled five services also? Sir, IAS, IPS, Indian Forest Service and Indian Revenue Service, Income Tax and Custom Sense and Public Service. So you still find that income tax is better than forest service and railway traffic service? Sir, I have not formed any opinion right now, sir. I will take a decision after getting selected, sir. For two services that is IAS and IPS, I am sure that if I get selected, sir, I will go there. No, no, but I am just comparing your statement. You are telling that when you are not joining railway traffic and forest service you are joining, the same thing may happen when you are joining the revenue service. You don't get to work on the ground level with the people. Indeed, sir, in revenue service compared to in all-day services there is more scope to work at the ground level, sir. Sir, the thing is that I have limited exposure right now, sir. So I am keeping the options for the later stage, sir. Okay, you know you can be posted in central government also at any position? Sir. You can become Secretary to Government of India also? Sir. Okay, so you are Secretary to Government of India and posted in Ministry of Environment and Forest. You have been given mandate to increase the forest area at least by 0.1%. What you are going to do? What policy and other measures you are going to take? Sir, I request you to please clarify whether it is the total forest area or the forest cover that... Not forest cover, not forest area. Sir, one thing is carrying out forestation activities both within the forest and outside forest areas. Within the forest, sir, right now major constraint is the quality of forest. For instance, as per the... I am not telling about degraded forest or open forest or this thing. I am talking about increasing the forest cover. I am not talking about quality. Sir. I am talking about increasing forest cover, whether it is outside or inside. Sir, given the fact that there exists some scope for increasing forest cover, there exists limited scope for increasing forest cover outside forest areas. I will focus on social forestry, urban forestry like things and creating plantations outside forest areas plus within the forest increasing the density of forest cover right now. How we are going to do that? We know that when you have limited forest area, you have to go outside the forest area. Scope is outside only. How we are going to do? Sir, I will adopt some good technologies and good innovations. For instance, there is one technique called Niawapi technique. So that gives more forest cover in lesser amount of time. And this is being tried in my area, Sarantur as well, sir. So this is something that I would go for, that I would advise that we should go for this. So, okay. When did you visit Kanpur last? Sir, I haven't visited after 2015, sir. I graduated from there and then I have not visited. How is the situation there now? Sir, are you asking about COVID-19, sir? No, no. Otherwise, the situation I am asking because of happening in the last few days. Yes, sir. A major happening is being the police, a criminal issue where police went to Niawapi criminal and some unfortunate things happened. So this is the major. Are you keeping track of the developments in Kanpur? Sir, I am sir. Okay. You have done some good governance yatra also. What did you do in that and where it was? Sir, basically it was a trip in which we went to six cities of southern India, six places of southern India. And who are those? Sir, Goa, then Mangaluru, Pochi, Trivanandapuram and Kanyakumari and Chennai. Six or seven places were there, sir. And we saw various good governance projects. We interacted with various eminent people. An example of one or two good governance projects? Sir, one was Kudumashree in Kerala. We went there. We went to a grand panchayat. One or two highlights of Kudumashree project in Kerala. Sir, basically it is a project where people are organized into self-help groups, community networks. And this leads to empowerment, especially for the women. I saw... Okay, all right. Tell me the next now. Chennai we went to IIT Madras Research Park. It aims at establishing more connect between academia and industry. So this is where we visited. And sir, we interacted with the honorable director general of police of Goa, Dr. Mukesh Chander. So he told us about certain good practices in policing there. And we also went to Kochi International Airport that is fully solar powered, sir. And it was a very innovative thing. So these are some of the things that we saw, sir. Okay. Tell me major events which took place in 1970s and 80s as far as forest environment and wildlife are concerned. Some six or seven points. Not in detail. Sir, first, there were some constitutional amendments, especially the 42nd Constitutional Amendment that inserted article 48A, Directing State to Conserve Environment, Forest and Wildlife, and Moving of Forests from State List to Concurrent List. And apart from this, various laws were passed for instance, Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, Environmental Protection Act, and Acts for Water, Air, etc. So these things happened. And we had National Forest Policy of 88 as well, sir. Okay. Did you hear this some controversy going on? Amendment impact assessment notification issued by the ministry very recently? The ministry has issued, sir. I haven't gone through the draft, sir. Sorry, sir. But yes, some issues are being raised, sir. I'm not particularly aware of that, sir. I haven't read, sir. Sorry, sir. Okay. Just tell me, for COVID, now I think two, three types of tests are being suggested. Can you tell me what are those tests? First, main test is RTPCR test. Then we have rapid antigen test, then serological or rapid antibody test. What is that antibody test? And how it is done? Yes, sir. Basically it is for screening purposes or asserting how much is the prevalence of COVID-19 at the society, community level. No, no, no. What is antibody test? And what quality is it? Sir, it seeks to measure antibodies in blood serum, sir. Blood is extracted and on the basis of that, antibodies are estimated and on the basis of... Plasma test. Sir? Is it plasma test? Is it called plasma test? I'm not sure. Plasma therapy is different, sir. Plasma therapy involves expecting blood plasma from a person and giving... Who has recovered from COVID-19 and has antibodies present in his blood? All right. Have you heard of finance commissions? Yes, sir. What types of finance commissions are there? Sir, we have a central finance commission at the national level that is constituted under article 280 of the constitution for five years. Which one is going on now? Sir, it is a 15 finance commission, sir. They have submitted the report. Sir, as far as I am aware, sir, they have submitted full reports, sir. But they have been making some recommendations from time to time, but full report they have not submitted. They'll submit and it will be applicable from year 2022-25. They have submitted one year report now. 2021, they have submitted. Another five years they are going to submit. Then what other type of finance commissions are there? Sir, then there are state finance commissions as well, sir. That is under which provision of act or constitution of something and why? Sir, they are under the provisions for panchayas and municipalities. I am not aware of particular article at this moment, sir. I am not able to recall it. What is the purpose of those commissions when you have a central commission? What is the purpose of those commissions? Sir, they are specifically constituted for local bodies. They recommend on the devolution from the state accounts to the local bodies. Okay. Okay. Recently, army has issued orders that so many apps will not be allowed to the army personnel. How many apps and what type? One or two examples? Sir, apart from the 59 apps that have been banned by the government of India, there are around 10 more apps that have been... 30 more. So these are some of the apps. The reason is that as in the official statement by the army, there are some security concerns regarding those apps. For instance, if the army personnel are in their duty areas, operational areas, and sometimes their location may be leaked unintentionally. So this is one security concern, sir. Do you know section 69A of the Information Technology Act? So. What is the objective of that? Sir, basically it is about... it empowers the government to restrict content on the internet and it can issue directions to the information technology companies and internet service providers in this regard, sir. And the government has recently banned 59 Chinese apps under the provisions of section 69A only, sir. Okay. Just last question. We have a number of legislations, acts. If some act is to be amended, what is the procedure for that? One, two, three, four. Points. If some act, parliament act is to be amended, what is the process to be going through in that? Sir, first, the bill is drafted by the government and then it is placed in the parliament. And... Stop the drafting. It is placed in the parliament. No cabinet approval is required. So it is drafted in cabinet. I'm not sure, sir, but as far as I'm aware, sir, it is required, cabinet approves it. And then it is placed before the parliament. After that, it is put in the gazette notifications, sir. And then parliament considers it... Mr. Kuryan. Mr. Kuryan. Mr. James Kuryan. Mr. Hari. Sir. Can I take over? Yes, yes. Sirag, hello. Good morning, sir. Yeah, good morning. Sirag, you have completed your graduation in mathematics, right? Sir, I completed my graduation in electrical engineering from IIT Kanpur in 2015, sir. Oh, sorry, sorry. Okay. What is the tank circuit? Sorry, sir. I'm not aware of that, sir. And your optional was mathematics. So... What is Vedic mathematics? Sir, it is a system of mathematics in which operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division are conducted based on word formulae or sutras and there are 16 such formulas in that, sir. And it was given by a renowned person, Shri Bhakti Krishna Kriyataji, in the early 19th century, 20th century, sir. Okay. What is God's number? Sorry, sir. I'm not aware of that. Which was the number for which Ramanijan means renowned for? Sir, it is... Yes, sir. It is number 1729. What is the significance of that number? Sir, it is the smallest number which can be expressed as a sum of the cubes of numbers in two different ways, sir. One is, sir, it is 10 cube plus 9 cube and another way is 12 cube plus 1 cube. Okay. Good. What is citizen's charter? What is the public undertaking issued by an organization in which it talks about the services that it provides some measurable outcomes, grievance reversal mechanisms and such things, sir. It is specifically... When was it issued originally? Sir, it was issued first in England, sir. Okay. And what are the tenets of the citizen's charter? And that's of citizen's charter. Sir, can you please specify, sir? I have not understood the basic tenets. Have you come across any citizen's charter? No, sir. I haven't seen, sir. Okay. So, you are right now in Forest Service, right? Yes, sir. Is there any correlation between colonization and environmental degradation? Sir, one thing that I can think of is that colonial administration sometimes introduce some mono... Mention with some example space. Sir, they introduce single-crop vegetations, for instance, sal vegetation, peak plantations. So, rather, in natural forest, diversity was there in the trees. So, they introduce single-species plantations. One was this thing, sir. And apart from this, during colonization... The same is happening with these GM crops also, right? That is biodiversity, not environmental degradation. So, is there any difference between environmental degradation and biodiversity impact? Sir, biodiversity is a subset of environmental degradation. Environmental degradation... So, continue with your example. You were mentioning about the plants and all. Yeah, colonization and this thing. So, it's not just about colonization. The biodiversity impact is happening even now. Sir, it need not be with colonies only. Sir, one was the monoclonal plantations. Second was the intense use of fossil fuels in the industrialized countries while they were getting raw material from the colonized countries. So, fossil fuel increased usage. It contributed towards greenhouse gas emission and global warming in the later years. And apart from this, sir, during colonial administration, heavy poaching of animals was carried out. Animals such as tigers, lions, leopards, etc. So, this was another environmental degradation manifestation of colonization, sir. These are some of the things that I can see right now, sir. So, your hometown is Saharanpur, right? Yeah. So, can you briefly mention the strengths and weaknesses of Saharanpur? For the positive or negative aspects that we can take? Sir, among the strengths, first, it is agriculturally rich and Saharanpur along with the whole western UP area has a good amount of farming is very organized and farmers are generally well off. Second, sir, social composition and there is some degree of tolerance among the people and they tend to live in harmony with each other, sir. Apart from this, sir, in terms of natural resources, especially forest resources, Saharanpur is very good, sir. In the northern part of the district, we have shivalik reserve forest and it is good in biodiversity as well, sir. So, these are some of the strengths, sir. Now, if I talk about the weaknesses, sir, one thing is general absence of higher education institutions. Second, healthcare facilities are to some extent lagging behind, sir. Third, sir, there are problems related to infrastructure. For instance, sewage management is an issue, sir. There is an issue of encroachment on the road, sir. So, these are the weaknesses that I can see right now, sir. What is the per capita income of Saharanpur? Sorry, sir, I am not aware of the exact number, sir. What is the IMR, infant mortality rate? Sir, I don't know. Sorry, sir. How is the medical system, hospital healthcare system in Saharanpur? Sir, we have a good primary and secondary healthcare in Saharanpur. Government hospital is also there, sir. And at the same time, sir, we tend to lag behind in terms of tertiary healthcare. Although in recent years, few tertiary healthcare hospitals have come up, but health quality remains to a certain extent, sir. There is a need to improve on that, sir. So, in terms of tertiary healthcare, there are problems. And what is the difference between law and ethics? Is there any difference? Sir, ethics is a set of moral principles on the basis of which we decide that what is wrong and what is right in the society. At the same time, law are those principles which are backed by an enforcement mechanism and are recognized by the state through law books, sir. Right. Suppose you get selected into IAS, your Decide Service, and you are posted at the DM in Saharanpur.  You are immediately there. And the only way you see that there is a commotion happening, and one man is lying on the road and bleeding profusely. What will be your course of action? Sir, for me, my duty comes first, sir. And my first priority would be to help that person, because he is in that is like your family member is also in that state. That is also your duty. Indeed, sir. I have my place too. Yes, sir. I'll see that, sir, if I can send help to them, sir. If ambulance can be sent to them, and if I can contact some other family member that they can help that, sir. And for the person who is- Is that you cannot take them in your vehicle? You won't take them in your vehicle. You'll call for an ambulance too. Sir, it's just that, sir, I have not fully understood the situation. Can you please clarify? Am I near my family members or am I far from them? Sir, you are going to the you will call an ambulance.  Does the family member be nearby or far away? Sir, I'll I'll ensure that ambulance reaches the family members. And they are taken care of. And at the same time, the person who is profusely bleeding, sir, I'll try to help him. I'll try to call the ambulance if it is available. Otherwise, I'll I'll be happy to help him and take him in my own How many kilometers do you job normally? Sir, six kilometers. I do also. Have you participated in any marathon? No, sir. Till now I haven't. Are you planning to? Sir, indeed our training academy is planning to conduct some marathons in times to come. So I'm planning to participate in that. James. Yes, sir. Good morning. Good morning, sir. Sir, when I hear reports of corruption, I often get. Sorry, sir. You're not audible, sir. Not audible. My only voice is breaking. Is it clear now? That's clear. Yes. When I hear about instances of corruption, sometimes I think it is because the individual is corrupt. Sometimes I think maybe the self generates that kind of situation where a person becomes corrupt. What is your view? What is really responsible for it? Is it something to do with individual or with the system? Sir, in my view points, both the factors are important, sir. For corruption, there are three things and we can consider for corruption. First is availability of funds. That will always be there and that is essential for development process. Second is opportunity is because of certain weaknesses in our procedures as well as in institutions. And third is the temptation. Temptation arises because of some value deficit, rising materialistic behavior in our society. So these two things combined opportunity and temptation lead to corruption, sir, and both have to be tackled at the equal level to check corruption in our system, sir. If the corruption level of a particular country is very high, what does that actually mean? You rank countries according to the level of corruption prevailing there. What actually what message it is sending out? Sir, first it says that there is a possibility that there is some problem in the processes and procedures of that country. For instance, there is huge amount of discretion. Supervisioning structures are weaker, accountability is diffused. And sir, there is problem in institutions. For instance, criminal justice system may be maybe facing some deficit to a certain extensor and then sir, there is a possibility of value deficit in the society as a whole, sir. So there are a few things that are there. So when we look at people who are leaders in our society or especially in the case of civil servants, we say, oh, he's a person of integrity. What does that word actually mean? Who is a person of integrity? Sir, integrity means being uncorruptible. The value element is strong in a person. A person may be honest. A person may be uncorrupt because of certain institutional and procedural checks. At the same time, if a person who is uncorrupt because his values are such. So in that case, we say that person has integrity or we say that person is uncorruptible. We say values in our society. Well, where to find them? For example, an organization has certain values. Well, to know about the values of a particular organization where I have to look for. Sir, we have to look for a few things to ascertain the values of an organization. First, the leadership of the organizations are the workers in the organization. Their outcomes, how much are they able to achieve, sir. And the level of social capital that is prevalent in the organization, their trust and understanding. So these are some of the things that we may look for, sir. We may also look for how much are they, how effective is the grievance reversal mechanism within that organization, sir. Thank you very much, sir. Thank you very much, sir. My question is for all of us. Okay, thank you, Chirag.  Maybe I will be there. Mr. Chandru. Sir, should I log out, sir? No. Sir, he will be put in a waiting room, sir. You have done that? Yes, sir, we have done that, sir. Okay, alright. Yes, Mr. Kurian. Yes. Well, he has a grasp of things. He was able to present very well from my experience. I have nothing much to comment on. He is doing well, yeah. Okay, Hari. Sir, I felt he is a balanced person. He is in a waiting room, sir. He is in a waiting room, sir. Yes. Sir, should I leave, sir? Because I was said that I will be put in a waiting room. I don't know how.  No need to leave, sir. We can put him in a meeting room. Do that. Yeah, now he has been put in a meeting room, sir. Yes, sir. So, I think he is a balanced person. The only thing is, when I asked about that commitment question, whether he will take his vehicle or ambulance, he was trying to bluff around slightly, but otherwise I felt it was fine. And some questions he can say, I will say that I don't know or I am not able to recall. That tangle only is otherwise I felt he is a decent enough and given from IIT Kanpur, he must have scored well in mathematics also. That must be the reason for selecting Max. So, if the mains mark is good, I don't see any reason for him to be not selected in the service. Whichever higher service he wants. Right. Shruti, please put him back. Yes, sir. Yes, sir, one minute, sir. Sir, he has joined. Unmute your mic. Sir, he is online. Okay, Chirag. Yes, sir. Can you hear me? Yes, sir, I can. When is your interview? It is on 24th July. How do you feel after this interview? Sir, to a certain extent, sir, I feel comfortable and confident. There are few areas that I need to work on. First is making my arms short and crisp and sometimes I tend to stammer a bit so this is one area that I should work on. So, you feel you are done well? Sir, there are few strengths and weaknesses, sir. See that smile you are giving now that was missing throughout. Sir, you could have smiled in between. I found you a little bit nervous. That shouldn't have happened. You should have given this type of smile. Some few points.  You have already been selected twice and there is no reason that you will not be selected again. You got very good chances. The only thing is like the policy thing I asked you that if you are a secretary and you are asked to increase the forest cover you should have gone into if it is to be done outside the forest area land belongs to whom? Land either belongs to institutions to panchayats or to the private persons. So unless you provide some incentives to them who will be interested in doing that? So, anybody who would like to have good recover they should get more income than what is being available to them now. So you should have gone for some incentives. Then I asked you something about law amendments. How law is to amend it? Read something about that. Law amendment is not that simple. Law amendment is more difficult than making a law. It involves a big process. Some committees to be constituted on all amendments are required while those are required. Those are put to public domain. Then bill is prepared, then goes to cabinet, then goes to parliament, even parliamentary committees and interacts. You know Indian forest act its amendment started in late 1980s. Till now nothing has happened last 30-35 years. Law making amendments to law seems to be very difficult. Its not that easy. And as you yourself told that you start, one thing is that once we ask you something you start giving answers. Then when we ask you some supplementary questions then you say I am not very clear. If you are not clear about the question you should tell in the beginning. Again what is the question? You should be clear about the question then only start answering. You should be knowing much more about UP. Saranpur I think many things you are asked about. Saranpur is the basic, you are from below to Saranpur. You should know much more about Saranpur, you should know much more about UP. Uttar Pradesh and lot of issues are coming up about Uttar Pradesh. Maybe your whole interview goes for Uttar Pradesh. Then lot of questions will be asked about forest, wildlife, environment. So be thorough about that and of course then smiling of course is very important and don't look like a nervous person. Be confident. Whatever you know, you reply. If you don't know say sorry I don't know. Like to add Mr. Hari. Siraga. In fact as Gowal sir was mentioning you appear to be a bit uptight but and many questions you were not understanding properly and you are trying to beat around the bush also like this environmental degradation and biodiversity angle it's okay you can because biodiversity is part it's a subsystem of the whole environmental degradation part. But you should straight away like such questions again because it is being said that India was being a mine for UK and all so Gowal was being extracted all these sources were being exploited such aspects we can mention and as a Haranpur you need to Haranpur and UP because I asked about the per capita income it's your hometown so you should be aware of those aspects per capita income infant mortality rate because health sector is very much lacking their so those aspects you have to work more and we didn't ask anything regarding international relations so international relations questions also you can expect because of the few services you have put foreign services on of the criteria and then maybe on human empowerment questions can be there and this encounter killings it can be a hot topic because you have done your graduation from Kanpur and you have from UP so those questions can come and be pleasant, be confident how would the main exam go? So it was fine sir Last time also you gave with mathematics only so how much did you score? So last time I got 310 in mathematics Okay this time are you expecting more? Yes sir Last time In the interview what was your score last year? Sir 157 So if you improve on that there is a definite chance of you scaling up in the service a lot of So be confident prepare more on these lines because from forest a lot of other questions will come because since you are in forest service and forest acts you were mentioning about Arunpur being a very green area and also the forest cover such aspects you have to mention When is the interview should you? 24th July 24th July so you have time almost 2 weeks time so you can brush up, be confident and all the very best Mr. Kourian Nothing special Chiraj, you are doing well you answered questions on moral issues especially when the service asking you about choices to be made when there is a dilemma and you have equally weighing options what will you choose going to hospital or attending a patient So those kind of questions may arise where you have to choose between equally demanding options So those questions you can expect I hope so and you are doing well, wish you all the best Chiraj Chiraj that question of corruption, remember I asked you about countries corrupt how it's going to affect then individual corruption and systemic corruption and all, you didn't come out clearly you should mention clearly whatever you were just reading something which was not very clear if individual is corrupt or system is corrupt then how corruption proceeds and if a country is corrupt how it will be affecting people it will affect the economy it will be affecting international relations all those things are there all right, work hard 2 weeks you have not less than 190 to 200 Thank you


Backbone is awesome. Backbone is used for some of the apps that you use in your day-to-day life, like Basecamp, Hulu, Airbnb. Big web applications use Backbone as their underlying JavaScript technology. And that's something that can give you confidence that it's going to be scalable. It's going to be around for a while. It's also something that you know is going to create an awesome experience because you've used it already. It's pretty easy to get started with Backbone. It's pretty easy to explain the fundamental concepts. It's a very simple, basic library, and I'm going to explain to you those simple concepts right now. Models are the fundamental data containers for your, you can think of it like a row in your database table. It holds the data about a specific item, like a post, and it fires events when data changes. Collections are a way of grouping your models together and filtering, aggregating them, sorting them, whatever you need to do with a group of models.  Views are like a chunk of your interface. They deal with what goes on the browser, and also they take events back from the browser. That's fundamentally what they do. They're connected to templates. Templates are HTML bits, bits of HTML that have data placeholders in them. The data from your models gets put into those templates and rendered into the browser. Routes handle the URL of the browser and connect it to a state of your application. Let's you create a bookmarkable, shareable link that takes you right to somewhere inside an application. And the history is sort of the global router that Backbone uses to help you manipulate that URL structure. There's a little bit more to it. There's a couple other things in there, but really those are the fundamental parts of Backbone. And with those basic components, you can build out everything from a simple widget to a full page application to a giant massive web application that millions of people use. Backbone, like I said, is very simple. It's very small. It just has these basic components. The philosophy of the Backbone is to just provide the minimal set of features that you need to create a web application. It's a 7K library compressed, so it's really tiny and it doesn't really do a whole lot out of the box. And you'll find that if you start using it, which I hope you will, that you will need to build on top of it. That's how it's designed. Backbone is making WordPress magical. It's what we're using in WordPress Core to create some of the nicest experiences that we have right now. Things like the media system, the grid, the media grid. We use it in revisions, in the new theme browser, in the customizer we're using it. So these kinds of experiences where you're interacting, things are happening seemingly immediately. It's very responsive kind of interface that you're using in WordPress. Those are being created in Backbone. So learning to use Backbone is gonna help you work better in WordPress as a developer. And it's great for themes and plugins. It's already included in WordPress. So if you're creating a theme or a plugin and you wanna have some element on your page that's interactive, a widget that provides immediate feedback, loads quickly, look at Backbone as a way to do that. You can just take the small parts of Backbone that you need, you don't have to even use. For example, you can take just the models, the view and a template and create a rendered element on your page that updates automatically when the data changes. So you can use it in a very modular way and it's there for you already. So the nice thing about using Backbone when you're building on top of WordPress is you're building on top of WordPress. You've already got all the things that you love about WordPress. You've got the backend, you've got the extensibility, everyone knows how to use WordPress already and what you're gonna do with Backbone is you're gonna build something into it that's gonna create an awesome experience for people whether it's on the front end like a widget or a theme or maybe a feature on the backend like something in the admin panel that you want people to be able to interact with and have it be very responsive for them. You also benefit from WordPress' security model, the extensibility that we have with all the plugins and so forth. Those things are all still present when you build on top of WordPress with Backbone. So you're benefiting from all this stuff.  And WordPress bundles Backbone. I said that before, it's not a small point. What this means is you can just enqueue Backbone, it also means that you can count on the version of Backbone that's bundled with WordPress to be compatible with WordPress itself. Also if other plugins are using WordPress, you don't have to worry about like conflicting versions. So it turns out that's a really nice thing. And we have the REST API coming to WordPress. So the REST API is gonna let you send data in with JSON and get data back out with JSON. And that is exactly what Backbone wants. Backbone communicates in JSON. So when you're loading information from the server, what Backbone wants is JSON data and that's exactly what the REST API is gonna provide. So you can install the plugin now or when 4.5 comes out, we will have these endpoints in WordPress that basically give you all the data that you would need, your posts, your users, your media, your revisions, anything you can get right now out of WordPress, you'd be able to get out with the REST API. One final point about JavaScript applications in general, they can help you save server resources. So for example, if you have a widget on your site that provides geo-located information that's unique to users in each area of the country or the world, by putting that into a JavaScript application that lazy loads and gets its data with an Ajax request, you can then provide full-page caching for your site. You're not differentiating on the server between different users. Another thing that's really nice about JavaScript applications is it's really easy to cache the information in the user's browser. So as they navigate from page to page, if you already have that geo-located information, it's right there for you. If you're building something like a full-page app and they're navigating from page to page, you're only loading what has changed. You're only loading like the new content of the page. You don't have to reload the headers, all the scripts, all the other images. You're just loading what needs to change. So a lot of potential to actually offload some of the work that your server might have to do up into the cloud, up into the browsers, essentially, that are visiting your site. All right, I'm gonna talk just briefly about the REST API, which is usable today. You can download the plugin. It's getting a lot of development effort right now. And it's gonna provide JSON endpoints to read and write everything, maybe not everything, but if it doesn't provide the endpoint that you need, it's really easy to add your own. And it's gonna let you do all the things that you would expect to be able to do in WordPress, but with this JSON connection, sending and receiving data from the server. Also, with the REST API, the security and privileges that you have in WordPress work as you expect them to. So on the front end, you're only gonna be able to see information that a normal visitor to your site would be able to see. If you're gonna try to make changes, like update a post or change a user's password, some kind of event you need admin privileges for, you need those privileges. If it's just creating a post and you need to be an editor, the same privileges will apply. So it's gonna work kind of as you would expect it to work. And now it's happening all over this JSON connection. There is a client library that's a backbone library that's provided with the REST API. It's just all you have to do to use it is add WP-API as a script dependency of your script. And this library provides models and collections that represent all of the endpoints. So there's a model for users, there's a model for posts, and there's a model for, you know, for every point that you have, basically in WordPress, you can just build on top of those. You can build your views on top of that. You can extend them to do whatever you need to do. Those base objects, like I said, are extendable. So the idea, again, just like with Backbone, is that it's gonna just provide the minimal amount that, you know, a normal system would use, just like WordPress out of the box kind of, and then you add what you need onto that. One minute. All right. The REST API has extensive hooks so that everything that you send to the server can be adjusted. Let's say you wanna add some additional information, like a featured image that's not provided by default when you're getting post. You can add that using a hook, just like everywhere else in WordPress, extensive hook system to allow you to make it your own. All right, this is my final slide. Go forth in Backbone. This is what my goal of this talk is. Get you guys interested in Backbone. There's a ton of resources out there. I've got a page on my website, tunedin.net slash backbone. I created a whole list of things that'll get you started. Now you can use it in your theme or plugin, consider it an opportunity to just kind of explore what you can do with Backbone. If you're getting interested in JavaScript, it's a great way to build even just a simple element. You don't really need much.  And organizing your code is one thing that's really nice about Backbone. It helps separate out where you're doing things in your code. It's got, like I said, the views, the models, the collections. That's gonna sort of push you into a certain form of organization. When you get into a larger application, you may need to think about separating those out into files and folders and so forth. All right, couple gotchas, I'm almost at the end. Don't forget about people who don't use JavaScript. Backbone's a JavaScript library. If you don't have JavaScript, it's not gonna work for you. So you need to think about your users. There are people who don't have JavaScript enabled for certain reasons. At least provide a message that tells them you need JavaScript enabled to use this site. Maybe if you're providing a more important feature, you wanna provide some kind of PHP rendering as a fallback. Accessibility is important. When you have things changing on the screen and they're changing dynamically, things are happening in the browser. Screen readers that blind or other people use will not work correctly. They do not understand this. We have a great function in WordPress, WPSpeak. It allows you to announce events to the user through their screen reader. So when something comes back from the server, you can tell them this event has just happened. And finally, there's a zillion resources out there. I mentioned on my site that I have a page for you, so go check that out. And go check out Backbone. Thank you.