Hey everyone, what's up? It's Rachel here. Thank you again for joining us. Today we are doing the Freeton AMA and we've got Alexander, he is the CEO and co-founder at TomLabs and Mitya, he's the CTO and co-founder at TomLabs. Hey guys, how are you? Thank you, Rachel. Great to be here. Yeah, of course. Thanks for joining us today. I'm so excited to speak with you guys because decentralization obviously is such an important topic. So before we get started with all the broad questions, I just want to ask, what is Freeton and how is it powering an open and decentralized internet? Sure, I'll start and help me to contribute. So the origins of Freeton traced to the Telegram Messenger. Their team was developing what they call Telegram Open Network, later named the Open Network. The objectives they were trying to solve was essentially the scalability thing because they wanted that blockchain to be integrated with the Telegram Messenger and the user base, which is currently at about 600 million users. So obviously with that kind of user base, you need a truly scalable platform and Mitya can talk about that. So they basically invented dynamic charging and which we actually call should be more precise, multi-threading. And our company TomLabs that myself and Mitya are co-founders at, we were on parallel to Telegram developing their blockchain. We were developing what we call TomOS operating system sitting on top of the blockchain to significantly simplify and accelerate development on the blockchain for developers so that they can bring their use cases faster to the network and also for final users to bring user interface and user experience to the modern realities and classical IT. So developing TomOS, we were pretty deep into the protocol itself, the Tom protocol. So when Telegram unfortunately lost to the US regulator because regulator saw that this was unregistered security offering when they did their token sale three years ago, we were in a good position to unite with 16 other top validators from the space, from the proof of stake space. The guys who are currently validators on Tezos, Solana, warming up for Ethereum 2.0, Polkadot, etc. Basically we teamed up and in May last year we launched what we call Freeton and the idea was to try maybe, I'm trying to be careful, but maybe one of the largest social experiments in the world in terms of truly decentralized governance. We launched it in a very decentralized manner, again 17 meters from day one, generating zero state and genesis block. It was launched live, not in some sort of lab, was jointly present on the call. And more importantly, nobody runs or owns this project. There is no foundation, there is no legal entities, there is nothing. It's a fully community-driven project. We evolved the governance from initially 17 validators who launched the network to currently over 450 validators on the network, on the main net, and with over 30 so-called sub-governances and we'll explain the concept of sub-governance in a few minutes. But basically it's like a DAO, a geographical DAO or functional DAO that helps to distribute the power down to communities around the globe. So that's kind of one big thing. It's a fully community-owned and driven project. The second thing I would mention is that we did not do any ICO or any other token sale in any shape or form. Not a single token, non-crystal token, was sold by the network. It's all five billion tokens that were launched, that were issued, are in multi-seq kind of wallets that, again, that are not controlled by a single party. And they're distributed to validators, developers and partners who bring use cases, users, and adoption to the network. And again, there are no sales, which is important because one, you avoid regulatory risks this way by not doing any sort of offering, which can be recognized at some point as a security offering for some other networks. And B, which is more important is you attract slightly different audience. Typically, when you start from the token sale, you have investment folks coming in in some sort of kind of investment speculative fill at the beginning in the network. Of course, then you have adoption. We actually started from adoption. We got developers first, we got activists who wanted to launch, you know, free tone in different countries. We now have active doubts in China, Mexico, France, Africa, South Korea, India, Japan coming next week, etc., etc. And again, it's enthusiasts who first come to the network and then you complement with adoption. So those are kind of the two big things I would mention on the philosophy of the network. Mitya, would you like to contribute maybe on some performance things or on the governance as well? Yeah, well, it was hard to do. Like technically, if you launch a proof-of-stake network without selling tokens first, then how do you secure these networks? Because usually, like as you know, the proof-of-stake validators, they put there, you know, something of value to secure the network. That's something that they're afraid of losing. And the biggest problem was, you know, how to launch proof-of-stake network without selling tokens first. So we did something that we call meritocratic token distribution. And it's a system where all the tokens are distributed merit-based. So you contribute to the network with something and it's done through the contests. So all the time running contests, I don't know how many probably Sasha may know how many contests we already run and how many millions of tokens were distributed for that. But basically, it's a community that proposes the contest for something, like something that they want to be done, developed or doesn't matter. And then community, other community members are participating and another community members are judging. And in this way, like the community itself distributes the tokens to itself for some merit that they contributed to the development of the network, whatever aspect of the network that is. We're running all the technical developments like that. We're running, like, there are marketing stuff or partnerships like that, but basically it's all same principle. Got it. Yes. That's a great remark. Can we join your grants? Because grants means that somebody decides who gets a grant and who doesn't. And contests in that sense are, you know, more engaged. Yeah, we're building a whole system around that. There are a set of smart contracts for how to vote on this. Tokens, we call this whole system BFTG actually, like Byzantine Fault Tolerance Governance System. And that's a set of smart contracts that govern how to fairly launch this contest, how to fairly judge them and how to fairly distribute the tokens. Got it. Yeah, so it's very clear that this is a very community-driven ecosystem, completely decentralized, which is amazing. And I just want to remind our audience members to please ask your questions, because these guys are the experts when it comes to decentralization. So be sure to pop your questions into the chat, subscribe to the AMA. Before we move on to the next question, because you guys said a lot of really interesting things, and we already have questions coming in from the audience. I'm going to take this question, because this question also comes to my mind. Casper is asking, what is Taun and how do I get them? So more importantly here, how do they get Taun is the question here, because you've kind of already answered the first part of that question. But go ahead. Yeah, there are three ways to get Tauns. Again, they cannot be sold. One is contests, and we did answer and meet this kind of remark. We did more than 150 contests in total and distributed more than 450 million tokens, network tokens that way, which is actually kind of if you multiply it by the current token price, it's quite a remarkable amount, because tokens are kind of somewhere between 55 and 60 cents. But we never advertise that or we never stress that point. But again, it's quite significant. So contest is one way and there are validator contests. We have another one coming up shortly, actually next week. There are a lot of developer contests. There are community contests for things like films about free Taun or Christmas cards. And so there's all kinds of stuff to contribute. You don't necessarily have to be a techie guy to participate. The second way is I mentioned already sub-governance. So let me elaborate on that. It's basically Dao, a group of people who got together in a certain country. For example, South Korea was the first one for us, or a certain functional principle, like we have developer experience, DevOps, NFT, DeFi, etc. So people feel passionate about developing a certain subject on free Taun. They get together, they do the roadmap, they get a location of tokens and with those tokens they do contests and if needed PR and development, etc. And the third way is what we call collaboration proposal. So partnerships basically. And that's our way to get adoption and attract partners with existing use cases or users in the blockchain space or even outside of the blockchain space. We already had a couple of cases where the partner would come from outside of the blockchain space and use our network to bring part of the user experience on chain or to use our tokens on crystal as part of their loyalty program or their gamification program. So it's contests participating in governance of the network through sub-governances or partnerships. Those are three ways. And then of course, of course, and then, but I meant about the primary distribution and then of course, there are quite a few exchanges which support Don Crystal now and quite a few OTC desks and peer-to-peer platforms as well. And then a few wallets as well. I don't want to mention names but there are five or six wallets, big wallets that support Don Crystal. Okay, got it. So yeah, obviously it's accessible and anyone can own Taun if they choose to do so. The easiest one or the most intelligent one, I would say anybody can buy it. But the best is to engage and contribute and then get it for free. Yeah, that's the right way. It's not for free actually because it's hard to win contests. So it's not for free. You actually put a lot of effort into that but it's earned. Yeah, exactly. I mean, you don't have to pay for it. You contribute to get them. Got it. Yeah, very interesting. Okay, so I'm going to go on to one of my questions now. So you were mentioning that Free Taun was launched in May but sufficient decentralization was achieved in December 2020. So what exactly do you mean by this? I can start and then maybe we'll contribute. So basically as we started with 17 validators, as we mentioned at the beginning, and the idea was to bring the number to let's say over 300-400 validators. So we ran a series of contests and through those open contests where anybody in the world could contribute subject to being able to perform validator functions. And we ended up adding about 400 validators after those contests between October and November. And that's one important element of decentralization, that you don't have a large exchange or a core developer or anybody else who controls a significant amount of nodes. So that was achieved by December. Is there something else, Matias, that you think was important for the announcement of sufficient decentralization? Well, yeah, there are a few aspects. There are some technical aspects. There are 450 validators right now on the mainnet and like 250 or more on the RASTnet, which is the testnet where the contests for validators are running now. And another aspect is DPOOLS, which are 400 DPOOLS. The validators are not only running their own kind of node with their own stake, but through this decentralized POOLS concept, which we actually, I think, innovated in the very beginning, you can stake with the validator. It's not delegation, because you can still use these tokens for voting, so it's yours. But you don't need to have like, because right now it's what is 350,000 tokens you need minimum to have to have a validator. So this POOLS enables anyone with the little tokens to stake with some validators together and earn rewards. And that, this DPOOLS launch was also very important for decentralization, kind of taking it to decentralization steps. So that's what happened in December. Got it. I'm curious, just my own question real quick is, so many of these projects in the blockchain space say that they're decentralized, but it seems like a lot of them aren't really decentralized. So what are your thoughts on that, just other projects that claim to be decentralized, but then there are all decentralized aspects? Well, I don't want, of course, to talk about other projects. But generally, there are two kind of, I think, opposite aspects of that. First is there is never, it cannot be like full decentralization, like 100% is that does not exist. Because you deal with people with entities with money, so which tend to be, you know, centralized in a way, right? There are only like few percent of people who owns most of the money in the world. There is a reason for that, right? Unfortunately. So it tends to be, it's always a balance between what is decentralization that you kind of okay with for your network or not. And that's one aspect of that. And the second one, of course, there is simple things that, of course, just if you have them, then you're not decentralized in no way or form, right? And there are a few examples where you have a set, like if you have a set code on your smart, on your governance smart contract, and you can change the code of your smart contract or parameters of it, then by developers. I don't think that that's kind of a decentralized right way to do that. Got it. Alexander, did you want to add anything to that? No, I think me to pretty much cover that. I think also we mentioned already contest versus grants. I think the minute you start doing grants, you're kind of, you smell decentralization as well. But we did mention that before. And also it's, again, it's important that your validators are truly distributed. Like in our case, we don't even know who they are. When the contest was over, community engaged with the Swiss based, you know, KYC platform to make sure that those validators are real, that there is no illusion that they're all independent. And there are no validators from, from I would say, restricted countries. And they wouldn't even share some credentials with us. So we have no idea who is behind the network, which is not typical, you know, so. And then maybe the last thing I would mention is the governance. Again, tonlabs is a core developer, but we got only 5% of network tokens, which is quite refreshing as well. It's not typical, it's a proof of stake space. It kind of reminds Satoshi Nakamoto, who also got 5% of Bitcoins. So we think it's a little bit symbolic. And also we continuously disengage from the governance. And from, like we don't, for example, do use cases, not to compete with the community. We only work and focus on the core. So all of the things, you know, working together that were mentioned are contributing to the truly open and decentralized protocol. Got it. Maybe last thing to mention is that if you take, for example, Ethereum 2.0, right, and you have, like the goal is like tens of thousands of validators on the Ethereum network to have, right? The big question is, like, and of course, in order to enable that, you need everyone to be able to kind of validate, which means you are validating with Raspberry Pis and stuff like that. So the question is, you can take that to this extreme, for example, but then you know that your network performance will definitely be suffering. You cannot build a truly performing computing network based on the Raspberry Pis. You cannot do that. So everyone, every network has their own, like, account to make towards this balance, as I said before. And if you want a usable network, which with high throughput, then you cannot have Raspberry Pis as validators and tens of thousands of them. But where is the, like, what is the other side? Like, where is the decentralization starts to be, like, right? And we believe that sufficiently, it's like, if you have few hundred validators running high performance computers, and of course, to sustain the network, like Freetone is one of the fastest network, and I think right now we have only one competitor, more or less, and it's Solana. And with this kind of high performance networks, you cannot run it on, like, you have to have powerful computers and a lot of bandwidth. But these are cheaply available today. Like, it's not something everyone can pay for that. It's 250, maybe 300 euros or dollars per month, and you have that, right? So it's not that you cannot, I don't know if you need to go to this Raspberry Pi kind of scenario, right? You can deal with the high performance server, buy it in, you know, hundreds of thousands of datacentries around the world for that kind of not too expensive prices and be validator. But then you need to stake a lot of tokens, right? And if you enable a lot of people, stake a lot of tokens, then you kind of achieve decentralization in another way. Preserving the performance and the goals that you put to your network as a computing platform. Got it, got it. Speaking of staking, we have a question from an audience member. Anton is asking, where can I stake, faucet or claim? You stake through a smart contract. And I don't know what they mean by faucet or claim. You need to buy tokens. And then so there is no faucet that gives that. But there are many ways to stake. You can stake through deep pools. You can download some of the decentralized browsers or wallets for FreeTone and stake there. There are some exchanges who are running the staking program for FreeTone as well. You can stake with them, although it's a little bit more centralized. But you can do it in a completely decentralized way. From your own wallet, just sending a comment to this smart contract, sending some tokens there, and the smart one will take care of everything. We did it, I think. We did it definitely before it was available on Ethereum 2.0. Just maybe one more, because the flagship browser is called Tonsurf browser. So just to be more precise, for example, in Tonsurf browser, which is available on App Store and Google Play, you can download it. And even with a few tokens, you can participate in staking through deep pool. Got it. Okay. I'm sure that clarifies some of the confusion that the audience members might have had. My next question is, how do you plan to bring more liquidity to the FreeTone platform moving forward? Yeah. We're big believers overall in the interoperability. We currently have three bridges in development. So the first bridge, of course, was with Ethereum, which is the largest ecosystem by far. There is nothing that comes even close to that today. With some chains making inroads like Binance, Part Chain and Polkadot, but still quite far away in terms of adoption. So we thought it was important to bridge Ethereum and FreeTone first. Then we're also doing Polkadot and also Tezos, because we acquired a network fork of Tezos called Dune, because they have some great developer teams and some great traction. So we thought that was important and it comes with a Tezos bridge, essentially. So took in Ethereum again, it's by far the largest ecosystem also in terms of liquidity. When the whole Dex revolution started, I would say almost 100% of liquidity was on Ethereum based Dexys and the other elements of infrastructure. And that's why we're focused on that. It's functional. It's in final audit, the bridge. And of course, there is wrapped token as part of that thing. So that's a big hope that, actually not hope, but I think it's logical that some of the there would be a flow of liquidity from Ethereum to FreeTone. One of the reasons is extremely high, as we all know, transaction fees on Ethereum. So folks are looking for cheaper networks to do their stuff and defy. And also, there's more and more teams who see the power of FreeTone technology. So they would be also migrating, but that's slightly different story from liquidity. Mitya, do you want to add anything to that? Yeah, well, actually, I just think that it will be a lot more of these wrap things around on Polk and Ethereum now and Dexys as well, because there is decentralized exchanges that we're building on FreeTone because it is one of the fastest, though it's not the exact precise word, but let's just put it simple, one of the fastest networks around. And we can build decentralized exchanges that operates on speeds of centralized ones. So these exchanges are having been now. And I think with them going into production, we will see a lot of liquidity coming from different networks to just to use this exchange because it's extremely fast, it's extremely cheap. And that's, for example, it's an order book based exchanges as well. So it's not just a great liquidity pool. So you can do all sorts of stuff like trading strategies and whatnot. So you couldn't do that before on on decentralized exchanges. Got it. Yeah. And I just want to remind the audience, please keep sending us questions. Anything about decentralization or the project, they're happy to answer that for you. I just wanted to ask you guys a question based on what we were just speaking about. Do you believe that the wrapped on will lead to higher demand for the project's core ton crystal token? It's a great question, Rachel. The only thing is that we're trying not to bother much or actually I would say at all about the value and demand for ton crystal. Because for a couple of reasons, one reason is that it's an important element of the regulatory framework is that, you know, protocols that have been, and there are quite a few as we know that we're focusing, I would say too much on the price of the token, you know, there are pumps here and there. It's, we think it's, it's temporary. It's going to go away because there is no way regulators are going to tolerate the down the road. And given that we've chosen that fair launch and extremely clean framework for the governance and for this. So we're not doing this. We're not focusing on on demand. We're not focusing on the price very consciously. We think that the way for, for adoption and essentially for value of the ecosystem is, is adoption. And that's where we put 100% of the focus at all levels developer adoption validators and of course users through, you know, working on the front end and then and use cases. So the answer is, of course, of course, yes. I mean, once you have more liquidity in the network, you have more attention, you know, you have more traction, you have higher trading volumes. But again, this has not been the priority for us. Neither was, was it ever an objective? Mitya? Yeah, I totally agree. I don't care. The price of the token currently, it's just not important to me personally. And I think to a lot of the community members as well, because they understand the long standing value and the intrinsic value of the work we're doing on the protocol level, you know, it will come like it doesn't matter what we do, as long as we do what we said, we will achieve goals that each of us has in terms of this, the development of this network. I mean, the intrinsic value will be there and therefore everything else will just arrive as well. Yeah, what I love about this ecosystem that you guys have created is that you focus very much on the tech aspects first before anything else. And I think that's really important because sometimes with these blockchain projects, that's not the first point of focus. Can you guys speak about how important it is to have that technical backbone in place before token prices come into play? Yeah, well, it's very simple. It's not that we're focusing on the technology, we're focusing on the use cases and as to enable these use cases we're talking about, we need the technology to be there. And this network was built around the idea of massively scalable technology. So one of our partners, for example, WorldChess, which we are building integration with right now, it has like millions of users and as you know, like online world of chess has more than 600 million users. To enable such a use case, there is simply no platform, no blockchain at all that can do that. And we are focusing, we need to be there and we are, you know, so we're doing the technology that enables this kind of massively scalable use cases in also the technologies that can be used by millions of people. I mean, it should be really simple to use. And you know, the user experience should be there. And it should be like, you don't refresh, you don't expect to refresh Facebook page, you know, for two minutes or whatever, 30 seconds, right? It's not the user experience that, you know, users expecting to today from a modern technology platform. So we need to be there with these to enable this kind of use cases. There is one important thing I would like to add to what Mitya said, and he mentioned that partially, is I think for the first 11 years of the blockchain history today, actually 12 years by now, almost, it's been kind of a very niche and geeky space. And what we're trying to do is now that the performance of a few blockchain and Friton, we think we're at the very top there is almost there at par with the centralized IT. If we talk about the throughput, if we talk about speed, if we talk about latency and finality, that for the first time in history, essentially, in IT history, blockchain in terms of performance comes so close to IT that user wouldn't notice the difference. So what you can do is you can bring the use cases which were not possible in the blockchain before on to decentralize to distribute it by can't again, without user not seeing the differences, but then bringing all the benefits of the blockchain that we know. So, and that's what we're trying to do is that we're not competing the blockchain space, but we're actually competing, you know, increasing the increasing the market share of decentralized distributed by cans, enabling benefits of the blockchain for the mass user. That's what we're up to. Yeah, I also, for me, like, I don't think the user shouldn't, you know, care at all. It all like not see that he's using using blockchain. I think that there's a lot of value where user actually sees that it's using blockchain, but it needs to be on par with the larger IT in terms of user experience, even when they know, okay, I'm using blockchain. Wow, that's works exactly the same as everything else I have used, right? Because right now it's not at all like that. And, and of course, when you talk about like price of that, if just to wire tokens in Ethereum costs like $100, I don't think that's something we really expected from a blockchain platform, but it's this cost actually is because of this lack of throughput and scalability of the Ethereum blockchain, right? That's all basically the same.  Right, definitely. Okay, before I ask my next question, just want to remind the audience, keep sending us your questions, subscribe to our channel and because we do these all the time. But next question based on what you guys were saying. So obviously use cases are important here. And I noticed that there's something called the FreeTon DeFi Alliance. What is that exactly? And is that focused, I'm assuming primarily on DeFi? Yeah, yeah, that's that's part of, you know, decentralized governance, five independent community teams, teams from the community, organized what they call DeFi Alliance to move adoption of free tone in the decentralized finance space, you know, building infrastructure like bridges, you know, et cetera, et cetera. I think they're currently like up to 10 members already or on the way to 10. We're not part of that on LAPS being a core developer, we're not part of DeFi Alliance. And to be honest, I'm not even following what those guys are doing. So for me, it's a great example of decentralized activity, which is starting to become a little bit, you know, more institutionalized, which I don't like the word institutionalized, but, you know, people are uniting to be able to do something more powerful. And that's what DeFi Alliance is trying to do. Because obviously the space is very competitive. Again, Ethereum has been dominating the space almost entirely. There are a couple of important players emerging there. I would specifically mention maybe Binance, Smart Chain, Polkadot and Solana in the space. And we want to be, you know, up there in the very top. So that's what those folks are up to. Okay, got it. I'm going to take a quick question from an audience member. L is asking, Freiton has a one year anniversary soon. What are your main goals for the second year? Oh, that's a great question. We don't have goals and KPIs. We love that question. That's a very easy answer to that one. No, to be a little bit more serious, Mete obviously does have like on LAPS roadmap. And he can talk about it in a second. But otherwise, you cannot because we have no idea what's coming. Like last week, all of a sudden, we had Japanese and Japan and India communities coming up with their proposal for sub-governance. I have no idea who is next. I'm sensing that Italian or German community will be next. Like what use cases will be up there, etc. What pieces of infrastructure will appear because they keep coming from you. You don't even know. It's boom and it's there on the forum and it's there on GitHub as a code and as a use case. So it's not the closing knowledge, but you don't know what's going to be the next article in Wikipedia, right? Because somebody is just writing it as we talk. It's exactly the same happening here. People are just doing stuff. So we cannot plan it. But on the core tech side, I don't know if you want to comment. Well, again, I have a roadmap for my team, which is Tom Loft's team. We're building the platform as one of the core developers, but we are not the only one. So there are definitely other people planning other stuff to do on free time. Main goal is to build a platform that enables this kind of all kinds of applications or whatever people want to build on top of that. And in terms of the technical things that we need to achieve is that there are a lot of things that we're looking for. We need to bring the like we need to demonstrate some performance improvements to like to go to like hundreds of thousands of transactions per seconds, maybe something like that. And so there are things on the architectural level of the like compiler stuff, like more deep technical stuff that we want to do. Of course, every team that works on these things has their own roadmaps. We want to bring our tools like to the level of for the developers to be able to develop like on par with experience of developing on Firebase, for example. Like you don't need like blockchain development shouldn't be that complicated. And the platform, the blockchain platform shouldn't be that obscure and like really hard to build on top. We can do things like we have dozens of years on IT kind of history where we know how to do this stuff and we will do that stuff. You will be able to come and to develop really easily any kind of application you want to build without a PhD in distributed computing. Maybe one remark, Rachel, if I can just not to have an impression that this is completely chaotic and disorganized. So once people form into sub-governances, they do prioritize and plan. For example, just an example, when DeFi sub-governance was born, they said we need bridges first, particularly Serium. We want decentralized exchanges next. We want a stable coin. So there is some sort of planning and prioritization that is happening at the sub-governance level. But again, it's still an open system. So tomorrow somebody can come and say, well, look, why don't we do a peer-to-peer landing platform in DeFi urgently and somebody feels passionate and puts up a contest up there and it will just happen. No community will support it. So that's what we mean. But to answer the question, which I think is a good question, in a very broad sense. So year one was make sure that technology works. Mainnet is stable. Decentralization happens. Governance works. And our business model, we don't have a business. It's not a business model, but our governance model works with a contest, with DAOS, et cetera, sub-governance. So year two really has to be year of adoption. A massive breakthrough in adoption when there will be hundreds of use cases, real use cases with user base. When there'll be meaties claiming, there'll be tens of thousands of debots, which are interfaces between the browser and the browser and Decentralization. Just like it. Basically, it's an adopts. Yeah, exactly. So et cetera, et cetera. And hopefully millions of users, you know, interacting within the use cases and extracting value from that technology. So that's a big answer. It's a year of adoption. Got it. Speaking of the debot browser that you mentioned, I have a question from an audience member. Ben is asking or he's saying, I'd love to hear Mitya's thoughts on the importance of the debot browser contest. It was prolonged. So it was prolonged for two weeks, and there is some technical glitch happened on the sub-governance level. So they didn't like formally pronounce it, but there is a prolongation for two weeks now. And in the end of that, I know there are a couple of teams working on this on the solutions. Once it's there, well, I think it's great stuff. But I want to see that. I think the question, Mitya, was on the more philosophical level. Why is it important? If I understand the question correctly. Why debot browser is important? Because debots are important. And debots are important because they replace the VEP3 architecture. We don't believe in the vision of VEP3 because we don't believe in layered vision. When you have a decentralized layer, and then on top of that, you build another layer to solve like problem that you couldn't solve from this decentralized layer. For example, that's what Ethereum is doing all the time, and we just don't believe in that way. So they're solving, for example, a scalability, oh, we don't have scalability on the basic layer, decentralized layer. Okay, let's do it on layer two. Let's hook some other layer, which will not be let that decentralized maybe whatever, but it will bring us this. And then if we want an interface, user interface, let's do it for another layer, which is what it will be. Oh, that will be VEP. So now we have a decentralized layer, but in order to interface with that layer, the user need to go for the centralized VEP layer. That doesn't make any sense to me at all. So we created debots in order to be able for the user to have the same experience like they have while interfacing with today's VEP or chat or whatever, but in a completely decentralized way. So there will be no centralized entity in the middle. Like when this story last year happened with a Uniswap, I believe, when they had to do some user disclosure because they were running a website, right? The Uniswap is running the website. You need to run a website in order to enable decentralized application. That is oxymoron, but that doesn't make any sense. You need to be able to do that without this. And debots is a technology of what we call end-to-end decentralization, which enables this. User doesn't need to go to the website in order to interact with your smart contract. The only thing you need for a user to interact with your smart contract system is to write two smart contracts.  And that smart contract executes inside the user browser locally and interfaces with a blockchain. And that kind of technology, I think, is a cornerstone for user experience and new user experience with decentralized VEP. So that's why I think it's important. Got it. Well, I also wanted to ask, because I know there aren't set goals in mind, but adoption is very important here. How do you think we're going to generate adoption moving forward for the Freeton network and community? What are the biggest challenges that must be overcome in order to drive adoption and ensure that? Sure. Well, I'll start, and then I'm sure Mete will have a lot to say as well. As Mete already mentioned, it's very important to create the right infrastructure for developers. Like you mentioned, the Firebase example, you know, when Firebase came, creating mobile applications became 100 times easier because you didn't have to do the whole backend thing. You just focus on the front end. So that's kind of similar thing that we're doing with StoneOS. We have compilers, we have a whole bunch of bindings, and the other stuff which enables to, as Mete mentioned, just with the two relatively simple smart contracts. Boom, you have your own DAP on Freeton. So that's very important because developers will bring use cases. So I would say this is very important. The other one is we have that partnership program, which actually 85 percent of tokens would go to the partnership program to enable adoption of partner use cases from the blockchain, and not necessarily from the blockchain, because, as we mentioned already a couple of times, now the technology is there to enable use cases that required, for example, you know, faster speeds or lower latency to be able to have meaningful user experience. So we are doing a lot of that, and there are quite a few teams in the community who are helping with integration. We have a whole bunch of chats to support integration of developer entrepreneurs and the use cases. So I would mention maybe those two. I don't meet if you want to take it from there. No, I think that the, you know, the adoption, I agree, partnerships are important to bring use cases, and the technology should be there to enable those use cases, and that will come. Because like, again, I don't, I think we were in the, like, very top in terms of thinking and architecture-wise, in terms of how you build smart contracts on the Charlotte blockchain. In terms of architecture-wise, you can build all sorts of use cases that you just cannot do in other decentralized stack. So I think that will bring use cases to show you. Right, definitely. Just want to remind the audience, we've still got a bit of time. Please send your questions far away. Subscribe to the YouTube channel. My next question is, we're talking a lot about use cases. Are you guys seeing any NFT use cases at all, since NFTs are so hot right now? Very, very hot subject. Although I do think it's a bit of a bubble, and the space will substantially evolve. Because if you want my personal, like, one-minute philosophical perspective on NFTs, I was probably not the very first user, but I had my first two cryptic itchies when they just came out, maybe months one, when cryptic itchies came around, came around, and that was, still have them somewhere, those itchies, which is important. I mentioned that for a good reason. Because there was not much to do with cryptic itchies.  We do have a few, we actually have a contest, because remember, we always do contests. So we have a contest going on for market places on Freetone, which will end on May 24. So I'm pretty sure that by end of May we'll have four, five, six, seven marketplaces on top of Freetone of different, you know, shapes and kinds. So I'm really looking forward to see those. There were a couple of use cases, actually, three that I can think of that happened, since we launched our NFT token technology. There was the first marketplace, we have the first ticketing case, NFT ticketing case, which came just recently. So we do have some early adoption, but once the marketplace has come out by the end of May, there'll be hopefully a breakthrough of adoption there. Mitya? Oh, yeah, my NFT is, yeah, it's very hot, it's a completely bubble. The NFT is just a token, and what usually people are confusing that with the ownership of an object. Now, it's not the same thing. Well, usually, like, of course, there are some exceptions, like crypto banks, for example, well, the NFT itself is an object. And then you can talk about real ownership, although this ownership is basically just a string in the table, but that's another story. But most of the NFTs today are just the certificates of the ownership. So you have some data which is stored somewhere else, and you have a hash of that data in the stock, and so it proves that if the data is available, you have it. But what if not? What if this data is not available?  You cannot do that mostly today. Most of the NFTs are just a certificate that somewhere else you have that picture hanging. And I don't think that, I think it's just one of the first iterations over this, and it will take some time to really have, it's like an ICO stuff today with the NFTs. But the real, think about Dow and tokens came much later when you have a real value in that and understanding of how to build that, and what is important, what is not. The same thing, I think, will happen to NFT. It will take another couple of years to build a real solution for the real art, for real objects of collectible objects on the blockchain. Based on fundamentals, not on hype. It will evolve into more gamification, like you have fantasy football today. So it's technology has to add value. And as we said, the certificate of ownership is a very small piece of that kind of value chain. So it has to become a value chain, not just a small element of that value chain to become meaningful and have massive adoption. Even if you have that, and I just want to be very precise, and even if you have the object sitting in one chain, for example, IPFS storage, in the certificate sitting at a smart contract on another blockchain, they don't know about each other, usually. So it's not the same as having one object in one place with functioning as one immutable object. It's two different things. So yeah, just for clarification. Got it. Yeah. So just in terms of use cases, are you guys able to discuss what the best use cases are for this network? Well, every massive use case, like Chessotype, for example, already mentioned, it's a massive NFT use case, by the way, can be also. But again, because you can build stuff which, again, dexes or anything that involves iterating over large sets of data. Think about like today's smart contract like ERC-20 token, for example, or whatever, incarnation of that technology. It's basically a huge table sitting in smart contract and a lot of iterations over this huge table. So what if you have like 25 millions of these token holders? What are you going to do? It's simply the technology is not there. So you need to have some other technology that will enable you to have these kinds of tokens. And you have that in free time. You may have some other networks, I'm not sure. But because we are the only network that is taking the parallelization of the smart contract execution with the multi-threading technology on, I think, it's a very unique architecture to build this kind of use cases. And I think we're the only ones who can do that. Got it. Just broader, just to add to that a couple of cents to add to that. So use cases that require more scalability, essentially like large B2C cases, are now possible to do in the blockchain. And also some of the classical use cases that everybody believes will partially or to a large extent migrate to blockchain. Like I would mention probably digital identity and the whole question of identity management that has to come to blockchain one day. So we think that's the area where there'll be some killer use cases emerging. And the reason why they didn't come is because the technology weren't mature enough. And as I mentioned just before, you cannot put the whole country identity on blockchain like Ethereum. It would be a pain, a real pain to do that. And it probably just not feasible. But you can do that on free thought easily. You can put the whole country of identity in like a couple of hours into the blockchain and iterate over whatever functionality you want on top of that. These, I think once this platform, once everyone will understand that this is possible, I mean these use cases will just happen. Yeah, no, that's exciting. I think obviously digital identity use cases are huge right now. The enterprise use cases are really important. So I'm excited to see that. Just want to remind the audience members, we have a few more minutes. So please send your questions. I don't have any additional right now from the audience, but I wanted to ask both of you, do you have any additional comments that you just want to add before we end the AMA today that we might not have already covered? Yeah, we can just relax a little bit and smile a little bit. So one, let me mention a funny use case because we've been very serious talking a lot about technology here and governance. So we just, one of the recent partnerships that we stroke is with one of the first virtual nations called Freeland, which is symbolic. You have Freedon and Freeland.  So the reason I mentioned this, the reason it's important is that we're going to be, by way always been community of course, are going to be doing a whole bunch of governance experiments on those nation. And hopefully one day, some of those experiments can end up with real governments around the world. So I think that's an interesting one. The other I wanted to bring up, we are, probably we talked a lot again about B2C and the users. We think government tech will, can benefit tremendously from the blockchain, saving costs. We just had Africa hackathon a few days ago. There is a massive problem on identity in Africa. I cannot remember the number, but like hundreds of millions of people cannot prove their ownership of land or real estate. All of this can be solved on the blockchain. Let's talk about voting. You know, we had, it's again talking about funny things, MIT, very reputable institution came up with a paper saying that voting on blockchain not good. So we decided to run a contest that proves that it's good. Blockchain is very good for voting and there were quite a few quality submissions and we're active members of the government blockchain association to make the public. So we think that aspect, the whole governments adopting blockchain, hopefully more public than private. That will be an important trend going forward and I'm sure MIT has a few important things to mention. Well, I just want to mention that we're totally against private blockchains.  You don't want to do anything with private blockchains. So when we talk about like, you know, usage in the corporate usage or usage in the government usage, we always talk about usage of the public blockchain for enabling these applications, never private. Yeah, I mean, that's a good point you bring up. And I mean, I think at least when it comes to enterprise blockchain, obviously the early use cases were all private, but now that we've been into it a few years, we're seeing the development of public blockchains for enterprise use, which is amazing because, you know, that's, that's I think the direction that we need to head in, not saying that private blockchains are bad, but I see that innovation and I think it's great that enterprises are starting to use public blockchains for important use cases. Great. Wonderful. Well, we are about out of time. We don't have any further questions from the audience. Alexander and Mitya, if anyone wants to contact both of you, how should they do that? Are you guys hiring or I guess not hiring, but how can they become a part of the community? Where should they go online to find that information? Yeah, that's actually very simple. So it's freetone.org is the catalog where you can see all the resources. It's a catalog. It's not really a website.  And then from there, from freetone.org and forum.freetone.org, you can go into different chats. You know, you can see all the sub-governances and pick the one that is of interest, be DeFi or NFT or developer experience or South Korean, Mexican, you know, Japanese, etc. And me and Mitya are very easy to find there. We're not the most active members, but we are acting there under real names. You know, we're not hiring. We're trying to answer different questions. And yeah, I mean, it's very easy to find us once you dive into our ecosystem. Got it. Actually, we've got one more question from an audience member before we end. And I think we've already answered this question, but I'm just going to ask it in case we didn't. Antoine is asking, what kind of protocol is freetone? Is it a proof of stake, proof of work or DAG? Which I think you guys answered, but yeah. Proof of stake, BFT based consensus, multi-threaded, multi-sharded, the only multi-threaded, multi-sharded blockchain with virtually unlimited throughput scalability. And of course, if you go to ton.live, you can see that this is one of the explorers. You can see the stats of the network and stuff like that. It's quite impressive. Blocks have been formed every 0.2 seconds. I just looked at it and it's quite refreshing, 0.2 seconds. Well, that's on average. On average, of course, yeah. Whatever shards we have. It's not finality. It's on average. Well, awesome. Well, you guys have been great. Thank you so much, Alexander and Mitya, for joining us for the Live AMA. And thank you to our audience members for tuning in. Remember to subscribe to our YouTube channel. And yeah, just thank you guys so much. It's been a great time chatting. Thank you very much. Thank you, Rachel. Thanks.


Assisting people with developmental disabilities with their medications is a great responsibility. You can do harm if you do not manage medications properly. This video contains information about medication practices you must know to promote the health and safety of the individuals that you as support staff assist. In addition, you need to know and practice the requirements for medication management contained in the Department of Social Services Community Care Licensing Regulations found in the California Code of Regulations, Title 22. In this video, we are going to follow Jacob through the process of being assisted with his medications. This process starts in the doctor's office. All medications for people living in a licensed community care facility require a doctor's prescription. This includes both prescription medications, which by law must be ordered by a physician, and medications usually bought over the counter, such as aspirin, cold remedies, vitamin, and herbal supplements. Well, Jacob, if I understand you correctly, you've had a cold for about 10 days now and it's not getting any better, and now you're getting a headache as well. I think in addition to perhaps a bronchitis, you probably have an acute sinus infection, and that's prolonging your illness. I think there are some medications we can give you that will make you feel better and help you get well more quickly. Are you currently taking any medications? Tegertal? Tegertal. And are you allergic to penicillin or any other medications? As far as we know right now, it doesn't have any allergies that we know of. Good. Well, then there are a couple of medicines I'd like you to take. The first one is an antibiotic, moxacillin, which should help fight the infection. I want you to take one pill three times a day for 10 days. I want you to keep taking it, even though you may feel better before then, for the full 10 days. And then the other is a cough medicine, and you can take a teaspoon every six hours as needed for your cough. Do you have any questions about that? As far as side effects or anything, anything that you think about there? Yeah, it's possible to have an allergic reaction to a moxacillin. The rovotestin wouldn't be much of a problem, but if he's never had an allergic reaction in the past, he probably won't have a significant one this time. However, if he should get shorter breath, should develop skin rash like hives, you need to stop the medicine and call us immediately.  Now, that will contain detailed information about your medication, including the side effects at that point. Make sure if you have any questions, address them to the pharmacist, and he should answer them completely. If you still have any questions after that, feel free to give us a call. Okay, sounds good. Jacob, that's all I can really think of. Is there anything else that you can think of that I want to make sure we tell the doctor while we're here? No. Great. Let's review key points for discussion during any visit to a doctor. Symptoms. Current medications taken. Medication allergies. Diagnosis. Treatment. Purpose of medication. Possible side effects. And follow-up. After visiting the doctor, the support staff picks up the prescription at the pharmacy. Can I have a couple of prescriptions for Jacob Smith? Did you get those yet? Yep, they got them right here. Sure do. If you could spend a little extra time on going over the medication sheet with me as far as side effects and stuff, because these are new and I need to know what to watch for. Sure thing. I can highlight these for you. First thing he's getting is amoxicillin, which is to be taken three times a day. Space it out evenly through the day. We have the times on the bottles here for you. First thing he's getting is amoxicillin, which is to be taken three times a day. Then he takes these two completely. And there's a 10-day supply in here. Any special side effects I should look at? With or without food. Doesn't make any difference on this particular drug. The only things you need to be careful of, or there's a potential always with antibiotics to get a allergic reaction that would develop in a skin rash, tightness in the chest, difficulty in breathing. If that should come up, then you need to call less in the physician than I look for there. Robotessin should be given three times a day. Give it with a full glass of water. Water? Right. I've always heard that you're not supposed to have water, because it kind of ruins the effect of the medication. That's what everybody thinks. But Robotessin has an expectorin in it. And the expectorin action only works with water. And what it does is it helps break up the congestion by thinning out the mucus. And then when he does cough, which Robotessin limits the amount of coughing, however, when he does cough, it will be a more productive cough. And that, coupled with the antibiotics effect, which is going to limit the bacteria, it will help him cough that out of the chest and make things get along a little quicker. So actually the water helps? Water helps. Interesting. So if he can do those to completion, he should be better in 10 days. Okay. Good deal. And we're not getting to Tegretol now, but he's taking that also. These don't have any interactions with Tegretol in any way that's negative. No, it shouldn't be any problem. We screened his records against the Tegretol, and there's no drug interactions here. But again, anytime you see something out of the unusual, give us a call to the doctor or call. And if you read the package inserts or the detail sheets and you see anything there that you have a question about, feel free to call back and ask us. We're here to help you with those. Okay. Well, I need those extra labels like I always need some. Okay. Made those extra labels for your records. Don't be bashful. Get to know your pharmacist. It is best to go to one pharmacy to ensure that the pharmacist is familiar with each person's medication history. Key points for discussion during a visit to the pharmacist include what medication is being prescribed and why, possible side effects and or interactions, the medication information sheet, and special instructions. Individuals with developmental disabilities have the same common medical conditions as anyone. They often take the same medications. For example, medications for fever, anti-inflammatory agents for arthritis, or anti-convulsant medications for seizure disorders. You must be familiar with each medication being taken by the people you assist. This includes the possible side effects. Talking to the doctor and the pharmacist is important. Taking the time to review additional medication reference materials is equally important. Side effects may be caused by interaction with other medications or interaction with foods or alcohol. Side effects may be either physical, for example nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, and or behavioral, for example, agitation or inactivity. Some side effects may be harmless, such as a urine discoloration, while others are potentially fatal, such as a severe reaction to an antibiotic. Symptoms of a severe allergic reaction include severe swelling, shortness of breath, and difficulty in breathing. In the event of a life-threatening reaction, first call 911. Labeling of medications may only be done by a licensed pharmacist, according to federal and state guidelines. The label may not be altered in any way. Do not scratch out or write on a medication label. There are also warning labels which may appear on prescription or over-the-counter medications. The individual's medication log should contain information about all medication prescriptions, including the name of the individual, name of the medication, the time the medication should be taken, the dose, and the route to be used. The extra medication labels provided by the pharmacist have all of this information. Attach the extra labels to the individual's medication log and note times each medication is to be taken. On an ongoing basis, support staff should use the log to record when each medication has been taken. Let's observe how to assist an individual with self-administration of medication. When assisting with self-administration of medication, you must follow the five rights. These five rights are the right person, right medication, right dose, right time, and the right route. The best way to ensure a person's safety is to check the five rights. The first check is when you remove the medication from the locked storage area or storage container. The second check is when you remove the medication from its original labeled container. The third check is just before you assist the person with self-administration. The following scenes demonstrate the correct use of the five rights when assisting a person with self-administration. I'm going to go call Jack. I'll be right back. Do you want it again? You want to keep playing? Yeah. Okay, let's play sports. It's almost two o'clock, though. We better get your beds first, okay? I'll do that, and then we'll get back in place. Let's go wash our hands. I'm going to use my paper towel to open up the drawer so we can throw these away. Can you use your paper towel to turn off the water? Great. Okay, good. Let's throw them away in here. I'm going to put my watch back on, but could you maybe get a glass of water, and I'm going to go get your meds? Thanks, Jacob. All medications must be stored in a locked area. When you remove the medication storage container from the locked storage area, check to make sure that you have the medication for the right person. Make sure you have the supplies you will need, the person's medication log, a pen, a glass of water, small paper cups in which to put tablets or capsules, tissues, and, for liquid medications, a calibrated measuring cup or spoon. Now you are ready to begin. It's going to take a lot longer today because we got those two new medications from your doctor yesterday, but we'll still get our cards in. Okay, Tegretol 400 milligram tablets at 2 p.m. Tegretol 400 milligram tablets at 2 p.m. And that's an oral medication of a Moxacillin 250 milligram tablets. And that's also at 2 p.m. Moxacillin 250 milligram tablets at 2 p.m. And that's an oral medication. The last one is Robotussin at 2 p.m. 5cc Robotussin. And that's at 2 p.m. And that's a liquid medication. So that's oral also. Okay, let's start with our Tegretol. You remember what you're taking that Tegretol for? That's the one you're taking for your seizures. Remember how you used to have seizures and now you haven't been having them anymore? Tegretol 400 milligram tablets at 1 p.m. Tegretol 400 milligram tablets 1 tablet at 2 p.m. Okay, and that one's ready. And that's an oral medication. And we've got our Moxacillin 250 milligram tablets. A Moxacillin 250 milligram tablets. 1 tablet at 2. 1 tablet at 2. Got one extra one in there. So we're going to do it again. Moxacillin 250 milligrams at 2 o'clock. That's the oral medication. And lastly, we're going to do the Robotussin. Robotussin 5cc's. Robotussin 5cc's 2 p.m. Okay, remember why you're getting this Robotussin? Yeah. And this is the one that we're taking for that cough. You've got to get rid of that thing. There we go. 5cc's. That one's all ready. Okay, and actually we didn't talk about the Amoxacillin. You know what that one's for? Yeah. The Amoxacillin you're taking for that bronchi is also for that cough. It actually comes from an infection that's in your lungs, I think. That's the way the doctor described it anyway. So that's why you're taking that one. So let's do these. We'll double check them one last time, though, before you take them. So if you can have your water glass ready there. And Tegretol 400 milligram tablet. 1 tablet at 2 p.m. Okay. That's the oral medication. Go ahead and take that and drink lots of water. Good job, dig up. Okay, we're finished with that one. Next we're going to go Amoxacillin, 250 milligram tablet, 2 p.m. Amoxacillin, 250 milligram tablet. Take one tablet at 2 o'clock. Okay. That's the Amoxacillin. Okay, and that's the oral medication. Take that one.  Good job, dig up. One more. Robotucin, 5cc's, 2 o'clock. Robotucin, 5cc's at 2 o'clock. Now we're going to do the 5cc's of Robotucin. 5cc's Robotucin, oral medication, 2 p.m. Go ahead and drink all of that for me. And I want to just finish all your water there. Look at it rinsed out. Good job. Okay. Mark these down. Put these back away. And then we're going to place some cards. Okay, so you can throw those empty cups away for me, and then deal the card, and I'll be right back and we'll play, okay? Okay. Thanks, Jacob. You did a great job with your minutes today. When you have completed assisting a person with self-administration, immediately return the medication to the locked storage area. Never leave it unattended. The support staff should always prepare medication in a clean, well-lit, quiet area. Allow plenty of time. Avoid rushing. And stay focused. Only one support staff should be assisting a person with medications at any given time. That support staff should complete the entire process of assisting a person with self-administration from beginning to end. Never hand a medication to one person to pass on to another. Good afternoon, ma'am. Good afternoon. Okay. Who's starting? Jacob's starting. Okay. Yeah. Aces? Yeah.  Have any six. Arts. Go fish again. Now, let's review the five rights. These five rights are the right person, right medication, right dose, right time, and the right route. The right person. When assisting with any medication, it is essential to know that you are assisting the right person. If you know the person, greet them and put them at ease. If you are unsure, you may ask, what is your name? Do not say, are you Jacob Smith? Some people may say yes to any question when asked. If you are uncertain that you're assisting the right person, check with another staff member to make sure. Also, check to make sure that the person's name matches the name on both the medication log and the medication labels. The right medication. Make sure you're giving the right medication to the right person. Read the medication label and the medication log to make sure that the name of the medication matches. The right dose. Read the medication label and compare to the medication log for the correct dose. Be alert to any changes in the dose. The right time. Check the medication label and compare to the medication log for the directions on how often the medication should be taken. In order to be sure a person is taking the medication at the right time, you need to know how often the person is supposed to take the medication. Is it the right time of day? How long has it been since the person last took the medication? Should the medication be taken with food or liquids? The right route. The route is how a person takes the medication. The medication label should provide directions on how to take the medication. Capsules and tablets are always taken orally, which means by mouth. As a support staff, you cannot give injections, enemas or suppositories. These can only be administered by a licensed healthcare professional. Check the medication label and compare to the medication log for the right route. When preparing tablets or capsules, pour the correct dose into the lid of the container and then into a paper cup. For bubble packs, push tablets or capsules directly into a paper cup. When preparing liquids, use a calibrated medication cup. First find the correct mark for the correct dose. Then pour the medication away from the label into the plastic cup and view at eye level. If possible, double check the measurement on a flat surface. If too much liquid is poured, do not return it to the bottle. Discard it. Or, when using a medication spoon, locate the marking for the dose. Hold the spoon at eye level and fill to the correct marking. To review, always store medication in a locked storage area. When assisting with any medication, any one support staff should complete the entire process from beginning to end. Never leave medication unattended. Remember, always check the five rights when you remove the medication from the locked storage area or the storage container, remove the medication from its original labeled container and just before you assist the person with self-administration. Talk with the person you are assisting about what you are doing and why they are taking each medication. When you are finished preparing the medication, place the medication within the person's reach, offer a glass of water and make sure that person takes the medication. If the person has difficulty swallowing, you may ask the doctor or pharmacist if the medication is available in liquid or chewable form. You may ask the doctor or pharmacist if the medication may be crushed. Do not crush medication without checking. Ask the person to take a small sip of water before taking the medication. Assist the person with tilting his or her head forward slightly to assist in swallowing. Tilting the head back may cause the person to choke. And finally, on the medication log, record that the person took their medication by writing your initials in the correct box. Once you have initialed the medication log, return the medication to the locked storage area. Anytime the right medications are not administered to the right person in the right amount at the right time and by the right route, a medication error has been made. When you discover an error, always observe the individual and make sure he or she is okay. We missed your last dosage of Tegretol, so I need to call the doctor to see what we should do next. Okay. Medication errors should be reported to the doctor's office and the facility supervisor or administrator immediately. The purpose of reporting errors is to help prevent harm to the individual and make changes that will prevent future errors, not to find fault or blame. Documenting a medication error is very important. Each facility will have their own procedure. Follow the procedure at your facility. In this example, the support staff circles the entry on the medication log. On the back of the log, the support staff records what occurred and the action taken. Whomever discovers the error, whether or not they actually made the error, is responsible for reporting and recording it. In addition, a special incident form or SIR must be completed and sent to the licensing agency and the regional center. When assisting an individual with self-administration of medication, you must know the person, their medical conditions, and their usual behaviors. Understand what medications are being used and why. Know about possible side effects and interactions with other medications and foods. Follow the five rights. Continuously observe the person's condition and evaluate their response. Identify and report any physical symptoms or changes in behavior accurately and completely. Record all medications taken on the medication log. Report all medication errors and follow your facility's policies and procedures. Assisting with medications is an area of great responsibility. Medications can do harm if not managed properly. Your work is important. Individuals in your care rely on you to follow the guidelines and the five rights to ensure the safe self-administration of medications.


Statistics and Excel, Poisson Distribution, Potholes and Road Example. Got data? Let's get stuck into it with Statistics and Excel. You're not required to, but if you have access to OneNote, we're in the icon left-hand side, OneNote Presentation, 1546 Poisson Distribution, Pothole and Road Example. First, a word from our sponsor.  Like our, trust me, I'm an accountant product line. Yeah, it's paramount that you let people know that you're an accountant because apparently we're among the only ones equipped with the number crunching skills to answer society's current deep complex and nuanced questions. If you would like a commercial free experience, consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com. We're also uploading transcripts to OneNote so that you can go into the View tab, Immersive Reader Tool, change the language if you so choose, be able to then either read or listen to the transcript in multiple different languages using the time stamps to tie in to the video presentation. OneNote desktop version here. In prior presentations, we've been thinking about how we can represent different data sets using both mathematical calculations like the average or mean, the median, quartiles, and with pictorial representations like the box and whiskers and the histogram, the histogram being the primary tool we envision when thinking about the spread of the data, and we can describe the spread of the data on a histogram using terms such as it's skewed to the left or it's skewed to the right. We're now looking at formulas which will give us a line or a curve, which if we're lucky, will approximate the actual data sets in certain scenarios that we are working with. If we can approximate our data sets with a line or a curve, that will generally give us more predictive power about and over whatever the data set is representing. So in prior sections, we talked about the easiest line or curve, which is a uniform distribution. We're now looking at the Poisson distribution. In a prior example, we talked about a Poisson distribution as it applies to kind of it's one of its most common applications in business settings, which is a line waiting situation. And we were thinking about how many people might show up within a certain interval of time. However, you can also go over distances. So in this case, we're going to think about a pothole situation, and we're going to be thinking about how many potholes are present in not a space of time, but rather a distance in miles. So that's what we'll look at this time. We'll kind of do it in a similar fashion as we did with the line waiting situation where you might imagine that you first are going to actually count the potholes. You might be looking at data that you have had in the past about how potholes are occurring and look at that data. And then once we examine the data, we're going to say, Hey, does this data match up to any basically common curve? Can we put a curve in place that would simulate this data? If we can, that could help us with future decision making in terms of how much maintenance we might want on a road, for example. Now in Excel, you can actually generate the results of a poisson distribution as if it's a random experiment. So we're imagining that we're going out, we're actually going to every 100 miles of road and counting the potholes in the road, or we might be looking at past the data that gives us this similar kind of information of how many potholes are in the road over time. So if we went out and we actually counted the potholes, then we're going to say that, for example, in the first 100 miles, there were 18 potholes and the second 100 miles, we counted 26 potholes and then 21 potholes and then 26 potholes in the 100 miles of road. Now we generated these numbers from Excel, but we're imagining that this is simulating kind of like the random generated cards that we talked about in our card playing example or the random dice or coin flipping. And so these are going to be all of our sample data. Then we can organize our sample data into bins. So once we've counted all the potholes that are located in every 100 mile span, then we can say these are going to be the bins that we're going to put them in. How many times did we have zero potholes and the 100 mile span? How many times did we have one pothole and the 100 mile span? How many times did we have two potholes and the 100 mile span and so on? We're going to call that a frequency distribution. In Excel, you can use the formula. This is an array formula. Now you might think that you can use the count if formula. You might say I can say equals count if you find this zero. We're going to tell Excel if you find that zero and this set of numbers. And I think we generated 1,000 numbers, which would represent 1,100 miles tests that we had and counted the potholes. Every time you see a zero in there, then give me the number. Count them. But the count doesn't always work great when we use these random number generators because sometimes I think the number is not exact. And so the frequency distribution, although a little bit more fancy in a spill array function usually picks up all the numbers. So we're going to use that. We're going to say the frequency of the array, the set of numbers, and then the bin array. I'm going to select all of these numbers and then it'll actually spill out the frequency. So down here, we had eight potholes in the 100 miles one time and all the 100 mile counts that we had, we had nine potholes two times in the thousand. I think we did it a thousand times of 100 mile counts. We had 10 potholes five times and we had 17 potholes 40 times. Now we can also, if I go down to the bottom of this, I didn't include all of the data, but I believe that in Excel, we actually took this data set down, I believe 500. So we are envisioning that we had 500 counts of 100 mile spans of road counting the number of potholes in each of those spans of road. Now this number here is representing our bins, representing the number of potholes. In theory, we could have like an infinite number of potholes when we're looking at a Poisson distribution type of situation. But obviously in practice, you would think there would be somewhat of an upper limit of the number of potholes that you're going to be finding in any 100 mile span. So if I was to add up all of these numbers here, then you would think that the total down here would get up to 500 because that's the number of data sets. I might have said a thousand before, but I believe it was 500. We did 500 counts. So if this ties out to the number of counts we did 500, that's evidence that our bins have been calculated properly. So then we can take the percent of the total. So for example, how many, what's the percent of times that we found nine potholes in our 500 counts of 100 mile spans, right? So I could say that would be, we found two times that that happened. So two over 500 is going to give us our point 4%. And if I scroll down, we could say what's the percent likelihood that we had 20 potholes in the 100 mile span. Well, apparently that happened 56 times out of 500. It seems like, so that's 11.2% that likelihood that we had the 56 potholes. So that's going to be our data set, which we can represent then in terms of the frequency, the count, as well as the percent of the total, which is there. So then if I took some standard calculations, if I took the mean of the data set, for example, and the mean is just simply taking the average of this data set, so the Excel formula would be equals the average of this data set, we have a mean number of 20.14. And if I take the variance of the data set, so now I'm looking, this is the var dot p, and then dot as for a sample and a population just to practice both of those of this entire data set, we get to 20.49. So one of the characteristics that's interesting with a Poisson distribution is that the variance, if it was a perfect Poisson situation would be equal to the mean. So if it's approximating the mean, the variance and the mean are pretty close, then we're going, oh wait, this might be like a Poisson kind of distribution situation, in which case we might be able to use a line in order to represent the data. So then, so we had the mean potholes are, before we go there, no, we can also plot the data. So if I plot this data, so this is a plot of the frequency, so we're taking the frequency here, and we're counting, so how many times did we have, you know, the 16 or the 20, you know, potholes, the highest one is 50 something, 55 or something like that. So that's the count that's happening here. So we had, again, the frequency represents the number of times it happened in the 500 tests that we ran. And if we're looking at 20 potholes, we had the 56, right? That's that one that's going way out there. It looks a little bit kind of like an outlier a bit. And if I look at, I can also do it on a percent basis. So if I take the percent, the percent of the total, notice you get in essence the same shape here, but now we're looking at it as a percent of the total. So that's going to, so now we're saying, hey, that kind of, that doesn't look perfectly like a Poisson distribution, but it looks like it might be a little skewed to the right, right? It might be looking kind of normal. Poisson sometimes looks like a bell shape, but it's slightly skewed to the right, generally, is the general idea. So we're thinking maybe it would be a Poisson. So now we could say, what if I took that mean, so now I'm taking the mean that we got here and the miles of 100. And I did an actual curve using the Poisson distribution. So this would be like the perfect representation, as opposed to our approximation with our, with our data set, if it wasn't a perfect line, right? So I can take my data set here, as if we're seeing how many times the potholes would show up representing zero potholes in 100 miles, one pothole, two potholes in 100 miles. And then if I do a Poisson calculation, which is this formula, Poisson dot dist, the x is representing the zero, the one, the two, and so forth. The mean is now going to be the 20.14 we got from our example. And then do I want it to be cumulative? No, I don't want it to be cumulative. I want you to give me the percent likelihood of each of each of these numbers. What's the percent likelihood that we get nine potholes in the 100 miles 0.27. And then I can compare this to what we actually got over here. Now remember, the Poisson distribution isn't giving us an actual frequency, the number of potholes, it's giving us basically the likelihood of the number of potholes, right, which is this column kind of represents this column. So I can compare this column, then if I subtract this column to this column, here's our differences. So I can look at those differences and say, does that look pretty close? It looks like it's pretty close to a Poisson distribution. An exact Poisson distribution as the data that we generated. And so then I could say, all right, we could then of course ask questions if we had our Poisson distribution, such as what's the likelihood of having zero to five. So if I said zero to five, let's pull out the trusty calculator. And we can say that would be, now I would have a cumulative from here to here. It's still pretty low. I've got 0.006. I can't count it here because I needed an actual other decimal to pull it up. But the idea is you could generally sum it up if I had another decimal to do it to get to the point 0.06, which would be the sum this way, or we can use the Poisson dot dist formula. This way I could say Poisson dot dist, the x is now going to be the five, the mean is still the mean over here 20.14. But now I do want it to be cumulative. So I put a one instead of a zero, and that'll basically take sum it up. So you got that nice Poisson distribution to give you the cumulative up to that point, which would be a common kind of question. What if I want seven to 14? So if I go from seven to 14, here's seven, and then down to 14. So I could add those up, I could sum them up being careful to say, well, are we including seven, or are we not including seven in a practice problem, or in any situation you have to be pretty careful and say, are we including those two ends, or are we really only saying that we want to include the eight to 13? But I could then add those up here. I won't actually do it, but you get the concept of it here. And then if I did this with a Poisson distribution, it's a little tricky. Because because what I have to do then is I have to say, well, the cumulative function will take me up to the upper limit, which I'm saying is 14, which I'm going to assume we're including the 14 here. So that would go up to the 14. And then I'd have to subtract out up to the lower limit, which we have six. So I'm assuming we're including the seven. So the lower limit would be six. So it'd be Poisson dot dist x would be 14, the upper limit, which I'm including the 14 in this case, and then comma and the mean would be the same mean over here. And it's going to be cumulative with a one minus Poisson dot dist up to six. So I'm not including the seven, because I want I don't want to subtract out the seven I want the seven to be included in the range we're talking about comma. And then the mean is going to be this one again, and it's going to be cumulative so we can do the calculation that way as well. Now this is a histogram plotting the and we're doing it with a bar chart by the way in Excel, but it's a histogram kind of format, we're plotting the different the the p of x, which is the perfect Poisson distribution curve histogram versus this graph over here, which was our actual data. And you could see they line up pretty close. You got that weird outlier right there. But they line up pretty close. This is the same thing with a line chart, as opposed to like a histogram type of chart. And so now if I'm looking at my data, and we're saying, Okay, these potholes, we counted all that can we get some predictions about these potholes. Let's count all the potholes that come up in every 100 mile, and see if we can analyze that data and see if there's any trends to this that might help us with our maintenance policy or something like that. And then we counted the potholes, we noticed that the mean is close to the variance. So we're saying, Hey, that looks like it might be a Poisson distribution. It looks kind of like it might be a Poisson distribution too. And then we actually plot out the Poisson distribution, compare it. And it's like, Yeah, the difference on their data versus our data is pretty close. So maybe we could use the Poisson distribution, let's plot them together on top of each other. And we could say, Yeah, it looks pretty much like the Poisson is approximating our data. Therefore, maybe going forward when we make decisions about how many potholes might be showing up in any 100 mile radius or something, we can use the Poisson distribution to make some approximations about that and plan accordingly. Notice that if the Poisson distribution did not correlate well, couldn't approximate the actual data, then we're left with a problem. Because then we have to say, Well, how am I going to figure out how many potholes are going to, we have to do something different to kind of extrapolate what we're going, what the data is going to mean going out into the future.


Yeah Yeah, I'm in for women in the workplace. Really? Oh Wildly common. I think it's very common for like people especially us in the industry It's common for us in the industry because we've achieved You know immense success in a field that's so difficult to feel successful But they say that women in the workplace even in doing normal jobs often have this imposter syndrome being like are they gonna figure out That I'm a fraud.   God He's got all these skills, etc. They're still a part of you.  Crazy that sounds absolutely. I deal with it all the time It's just it's like guilt like, you know, if you deal with the I guess survivors remorse and then when you look back You know at your hometown and you look at all the people that you grew up with and they now met they may not necessarily be doing different about me Exactly what so like what so unique and special about me like there's nothing and you'll tell yourself that oh There's nothing special about you like yeah, whatever and so Bishop TD Jakes told me last year And that's why I actually posted that this week and he told me last year He's like you have to get to a place of worthy and he said that it's because when you were he said Most people that would touch when they were young Fonda like you know cuz I was touched on when I was eight. Yeah, and he was like when you would when you were touched on by You were young. Yeah, you never quite feel worthy and that hit me so hard because someone couldn't even wait You check it out though when I made her stop. Yeah, she started talking down on me So it wasn't a touching it was the criticizing after yeah Touching would imply that you know, you were the most worthy Yeah, everyone but when she went out when I stopped letting her do it That's what she's like.  So it's like, I don't know. I never thought about it, but it's ingrained in you. Absolutely. Yeah, absolutely And so he said that's a common thing and then I remember hearing Tyler Perry speak about how you have to get to a place of Worth because if you don't get to a place of worthy, right?  You know because you're not appreciating it and you know, you'll find a way to self sabotage Right, you know, I mean you'll find a way to talk yourself out of things I want you to add those clips to tell We could do it in pre-production post-production production. We're in a nice little role. It's on my Instagram. So yeah over the past few months, right? Yo, I literally be just riding and having these These these this this energy just overcome me. Well, I'm like And I'm really blessed like yo, I'm yo, I'm really I really feel good Like, oh, thank you God like these these pockets of gratitude and it's like I can't describe it in my mind Therapist was saying that it's um, it's all of these positive endorphins.  You're worthy like you were empty Yeah, so you're trying to fill that emptiness with things probably in your career these different successes that you made, right?  You have excess and then you have the gratitude and what I realized whenever I've excess the first place it goes Is everyone other people word up and like say what you want about religion and religious folks But truly religious folks that really believe it Never are taking they are constantly in give mo absolutely, and I think I truly believe and I'm someone who didn't wasn't raised with I truly believe that their void gets filled with God or The belief in God or the belief that God loves them Yeah, you know I'm saying that emptiness that a lot of us feel so it's like that that idea That idea of like feeling worthy is really interesting because it's a double-edged sword Your lack of feeling worthy probably drove you to greatness. Hmm. If Michael Jordan felt worthy He wouldn't be the greatest NBA player of all time What did Michael Jordan talk about in his all-star except or not his Hall of Fame acceptance all the rejection that he experienced He didn't feel worthy this weird thing where it's like what would you prefer? Yeah, I mean listen you prefer. Yo, it's a process man, and I'm gonna tell you something It's a beautiful journey, you know because Like just me constantly feeling like that like never feeling like I quite belong and I always felt like that was a good Energy to have because I felt like anything if I ever got if I ever felt in that space I would get comfortable, but that's not that's not that's not the case Now you feel like you're still driven I'm even more driven and the reason I'm even more driven is because of what you just said Yeah, I want to continue to be full enough to constantly have my cup overflowing so I can help out for everybody else That's the transition that some some entertainers don't make some like rock stars don't make that's why a lot of these Athletes not even athletes, but that's why a lot of these entertainers kill themselves I truly believe that it's because they get to a point where they have everything they ever dreamed of and they're still miserable Because well, that's that's because there's there in their head that it's about them right not about you anymore They didn't make the transition to oh the new way to be before the way to be happy was sell this many albums Do this many tours etc. Then you transition to how do I help my friends sell this many albums? How do I have my friends the greatest dr. Wayne W. Dyer said that your purpose in life is service to others It's hard to get there when you can't even serve yourself It's like I feel like on some level you need you know what you when they say on the airplane they're like Put your oxygen mask on first before you help the kids. Yeah, and our natural instinct would be well There's kids here. Let's put the oxygen mask on first But the plane people are like motherfucker if you can't breathe you can't help nobody Can't help nobody so it's like I think the idea with this with this like fill-in-the-void thing is Once you feel yourself it will naturally spill over. It's like one of those Champagne glass towers and those fancy, you know hotels or something, you know when they have or like a wedding They have like a hundred champagne glasses Yeah, just fill the top one and then all of them start to get filled But if that top one doesn't fail, yeah, how hard it is to fill each one Yeah, and I don't want anybody in here to that's hearing me to think that you have to get successful in order to help Cuz my grandmother was full.  My grandmother was always giving something no matter what her financial status was just because she would cook and you know You want to eat you hungry no matter who you were so I was always that type of person I would always want to you know, just be of service to people but now sometimes when you when you Get an over-abundance or something you can find yourself being selfish and I it's easy for me to have this conversation now because I've Finally figured it out But even talking to my daughter the other day my daughter know they do secret santa She do secret santa chili and secret santa school all different places So she ended up getting like a bunch of the same gift. It's like some candles or something like that And she's complaining about having the same gift And I say right now you're not being grateful that you have an overabundance of something I mean what kid gets another kid at candle But not So she's so funny you said that because she said to me well well the person that gave it to me told me They wish they had got me something else. I said that's probably because knowing you You made a face at her and was like all right.  Why would a kid ever buy a candle?  It's a nuisance.  Some of these kids are in the mind from this way more than us, bro Oh, so they're meditating. Yes. Yeah, what if they gave it a give us your dad? He'll come down me and my daughter meditate together. Really? Oh, yeah, this is great Yeah, I meditate with my daughter do breathing exercises and everything. This is absolutely, but She had the candle I told her you got six of the same candle. What should you do?    I'm like, wow the most minimum amount of light This is so exciting. Thank God. Thank God. I can barely see no still The one candle doesn't light. Yes, it does bro I turned off all the lights in this room and lit one candle. You would be shocked how dark it was how No, how bright it was little thing of light in the middle and nothing else. We still got the lights We got a got the lights from the window though. Yeah If it was see you guys are talking out of this can't listen.  No, no, no, I love that's why candles got a smell good because just being a candle isn't enough They're like, hold on. Did you get me a just candle?   Oh, she needed that vibrator What are you talking about?  It is an amazing experience to have I will tell people that if you try to fill yourself first you will It will naturally happen where you want to give to these other people Because right now we can sit here and be like, hey give to each other give to other people It's gonna make you feel good and it will Mm-hmm 100% will but there are people listening right now They're like, ah, this doesn't make you feel good and there's no way to convince you it does But it's gonna organically happen once you have what you need listen by the way I'm not here to try to convince you like when you get drunk The second you're drunk. You're like who wants to drink anybody want a bit? You're literally trying to give your friends things. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, I got two next rounds on me But like everybody likes the drunk guy, you know what I mean?     They're okay Who did that? I don't know. I've just seen videos. Chote slap What they call it a chote slap. What is a chote? So why do you act like you know what I was talking about? What is that? Don't leave me on Puerto Ricans


Toxic masculinity I think is toxic to men, the concept of toxic masculinity is toxic to men. I think it puts men in a box, it separates men and women away from each other. It makes us less effective as communicators, as in relationships, as friends even. I think to blame everything at toxic masculinity puts men in a box, which I think is wildly unfair because everyone has their own capacity for greatness and their own capacity for evil and it doesn't base on our gender. And I think that to say that all men are toxic, I know for example at my university that I went to they told that they asked the men to participate less, right? Because like they were saying so that women can participate more. And I thought, well I can participate with men. Like that is teaching me that I can't handle participating with men, which I think is much more toxic to separate us out. It makes us ineffective and it makes us scared. And that's not how we're supposed to be behaving, especially here in America when we have so many things that we can be celebrating. We don't have to be afraid. We don't have to be afraid of each other. I think it's a leftist social construct. The radical left loves talking about toxic masculinity as it applies to the patriarchy, which is in their eyes white men. But they never want to address the most toxic form of toxic masculinity or toxic patriarchy, which is radical Islam. And the way that women and anybody who isn't a practicing Muslim man is treated under Islam.  That's what you call toxic masculinity. Toxic masculinity. So I like manly men. I'm that kind of girl. I listen to catching music. I like my men to be manly, you know? It may be, you know, not for everybody, but at the same time, yeah, I don't feel like, I think there is kind of a war going on on men right now that they don't deserve it. So, I don't know. That's a good question. It doesn't exist. Masculinity is just men being men and knowing it since when was that ever a bad thing? The Democrats have turned everything into gray. I'm a firm believer that things are black and white. There are absolutes. There's absolute men. There's absolute women. No one between us. Sorry. Now, what are your feelings about toxic masculinity? Obviously, I have the hat on. It's beginning some attention. It's walking around. This is obviously known by feminists, they're screaming at men and fathers today. How do you feel about toxic masculinity and being 100% toxic? You know, I think that toxic men that I've seen were raised by single mothers because they don't know how to be men.  He's five years old, and I'm raising him to be a man, to be a man.  You did radical. I know. So my lady is saying I'm so proud. He's the youngest five-year-old to ever get a yellow belt in karate because it's okay to be a man. And I want to raise a man. I don't want to raise... I'm not raising a little girl. I'm not raising a man that has to worry about his role in society. A good man knows what his role in society should be. The problem is we don't have men raising men. We have against single moms raising men, or we have men who bought the feminist lie, and they're raising deferential citizens.