Part seven of Full Speed Ahead by Henry B. Besten. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Part seven. Twenty-seven. Ships of the Air. After I had been to visit several of the bases, I returned to London and called, at the Navy headquarters, a young officer of the Admiral's staff, who was always ready and willing to help the riders assigned to the Navy in every possible way, came down to talk with me. Had I been to base X, to base Y, had I been to see the American submarines, the naval aviation? I grasped at the last phrase. Tell me about it, I said. I had no idea that the sea-flyers were over here. Last fall the streets of Boston were so thick with boys of that service that you could hardly move around. And now they are on this side. We're going to find them. The officer drew me to a large scale map of the British Isles and the French coast, which hung on the wall, plentifully jabbed with little flags. His finger fairly flew from one dock to another. Well, said he, we have a station here, another station here, another there. There's a station on this point of land. Right about here we're putting up buildings for a depot, but there's nobody at hand yet. Here's a big station. I believe that he would have continued for five minutes. You seem to have a big affair well in hand, I suggested, rather surprised. No, he corrected. Just beginning the department scheme for the Naval Aviation Service is one of the big things of the war. It's so big, so comprehensive, that people over there haven't woken up to it yet. Aren't you going to base L next week? Why don't you go down the coast a few miles and see the outfit at Z? Only, don't forget that we've just begun to fight. Come upstairs and let me give you a letter. A few days later I ran down to see the aviators in their eerie. The naval station lay in a sheltered cove hidden away in a green and ragged coast. Standing at a somewhat tumble-down old pier, I saw ahead of me a gentle slope descending to a broad beach of shingle. Midway along this beach, ending under the water, was to be seen a wide concrete runway which I judged to be but newly finished, for empty barrels of cement and gravel separators stood nearby. At the top of the slope, in a great field behind mossy trees, lay the corrugated iron dormitories of a vast deserted camp, once the reposed quarters of a famous fighting regiment. There was something of the atmosphere of an abandoned picnic ground to the place. Sailor Sentry stood at the entrance of the quiet roads leading to the empty barracks and directed me to those in authority. The naval station is a new service for a long time. The uniform of the cadets was so unfamiliar that even in their own America, the boys used to be taken for foreign officers. It was a case of, I say he's an Italian. No, dear, I'm sure he's a Belgian. A not unnatural mistake for the uniform has a certain foreign jauntiness in color. It is almost an olive green and consists of a short high-collar tunic cut snugly to the figure-shaped britches of the riding pattern and patees to match. Add the incense solitary stripe and a star on the shoulder and sleeve and you have it. I found a group of the flyers in one of the ten barracks that did duty as a kind of recreation center. The spokesman of the party was a serious lad from Boston. Fire away, they yelled good-naturedly to my announcement that I was going to bomb with questions. First of all, about how many of you are there helping to make it home-like for Fritz in this amiable spot? About fifty of us? Been here long? No, just came. You see, the station is not really finished yet, but they are hurrying it along to beat the cars. Did you spot that concrete runway as you came up? A daisy, isn't it? Slope just right and no skimping on the width. Well, that's only one of the runways we're going to have. Over on the other side, the plans call for three or four more. And what do these sailors do? I had noticed a large number of sailors about. They look after our machines and the balloons. You see, this is a regular aviation section, just the same as the army has, and the sailors are trained mechanics, repairmen, clerks, and so forth. They're rather taking it easy now because the planes have been somewhat slow in reaching us. You know, as well as I do, the rumpus that's been made in the States over the air program. Things are breezing up mighty fast now, however, and every supply ship that puts into the harbor brings some of our equipment. The Navy's ready. The camps are being organized. The men are trained. It's up to the manufacturers to hustle along our machines. Please try to make them realize that when you write. But, say, put in another. Don't for the love of Pete run away with the idea that we haven't any equipment. We've got some planes and some balloons, but we want more, more, more, anything to keep the Germans on the go. What do you use, I asked. Mostly balloons, but in a third speaker, a quiet young Westerner who had thus far not joined in the conversation. Most of us are balloon observers, though Joss here, he indicated the Bostonian, is a seaplane artist, he runs one of the planes. Come, said I, tell the thrilling story. There isn't any story grown to Joss. That's just the trouble. I've been fooling around these coasts and out by the harbor's mouth in the hope of spotting a sub till I feel as if I've used up all the gasoline in the British Isles. Those destroyers have spilled the beans. Fritz doesn't dare to come around. Ever try fishing in a place from which the fish have been thoroughly scared away? It's like that. Mind-laying submarines used to be round the mouth of the harbor all the time. Now Fritz has never seen or heard from. The destroyers have spilled the beans. The balloon hounds are the whole show here. Tell them about it, Mac. You've taken more trips than any of the others. The disgruntled sea planer knocked a bulldog pipe on a shoe and was still. I can't tell much, Drolled Mac, a wiry black little southerner with a wonderful accent. They fill the balloon up here, take it out to a destroyer, some patrol boat, tie it on just like a can to perp's tail. Then you go out in the IRA Sea and watch for subs. If you observe anything that looks like a hun, you simply telephone it down to the destroyer's deck and she rushes ahead and investigates. Sometimes the observer and the balloon see something which can't be seen from the level of the destroyer's bridge and in that case the balloonist practically steers the vessel. So many points to port, so many to starboard, and so on till you land them in the suspected area. What's it like up above there in the balloon? From the deck of a battleship or a destroyer it seems to be a calm matter. Don't be too sure of that. I know it looks calm, calm as a regular up in the air old feather bed. It isn't bad if you have a decent wind with which the course and speed of the ship are in some sort of an agreement. But if the ship's course lies in one direction and the wind is blowing from another, the balloon blows all over the place. When the wind blows from behind you float on ahead and try to pull the ship after you. If the wind is from the head you are dragged along at the end of a chain like a mean dog. There is always sure to be a party if the ship zig-zags. Now you're pulling towards the bow, now you're floating serenely to port, now you're tugging behind, and now you're nowhere in particular and apparently standing on your aid. We went to walk in the grounds. I was shown where the balloon shed was to be, the generators, and a dozen other houses. Evidently the station was going to be some outfit. Already a big gang of civilian laborers, electrified by American energy, were hard at work laying the foundations of a large structure. Yes, said one of the boys, this is going to be a great place. When it's completed we shall have regular sea plane patrols of this entire coast and a balloon squadron ready to cooperate with either the British or the American destroyer fleets. Our boys along the French coast have already made it hot for some hans, and believe me if there are any subs left you just bet we want a chance at them. Such is the spirit that has driven the Germans from the sea. Twenty-eight, the sailor in London. The convalescent English Tommy in his sky blue flannel suit, white shirt and orange foreman, the heavier, tropic-bred Australian, with his hat brim knocked jauntily up on one side, the dark grey-eyed Scotch Highlander, very bra and bony, and his plated kilt. These be picturesque figures on the streets of London, but the most picturesque of all is our own American tar. Our gobs are always so spruce and clean and so young, young with their own youth and the youth of the nation. Jack ashore is to be found at the abbey at almost any hour of the day. He wanders into the National Gallery and stands before Nelson at St. Paul's. He causes fair hearts to break asunder at Hampton Court. Wherever you go in London, the wonderful white trousers and the good old pancake hat, this last worn cockley over one eye, are always to be seen in what nautical writers of the Victorian school call the offing. Our boys come in liberty parties of 30 and 40 from the various bases, usually under the wing of a chief petty officer, very conscious of his responsibility for these wild sailor souls. Accommodations are taken either at a good London hotel with which the authorities have some arrangement or the personnel is distributed among various huts and hospitable dwellings. The great rallying centre is sure to be the eagle hut off the strand. This famous hut, which every soldier or sailor who visits London will long remember, is situated by a happy coincidence in modern London's most New Yorkish area. It stands a huddle of low inconspicuous buildings in just such a raw open space between three streets as on this side prefigures the building of a new skyscraper. The great modern mass of Australia House lifts its imposing Beaux-Arts facade a little distance above it, whilst the front of a fashionable hotel rises against the sky just behind. The ragged island, the sense of open space, the fine high buildings, say wouldn't you think you were back in America again? Yet only a few hundred feet down the strand, old St. Clement Danes lies like a ship of stone anchored in the thoroughfare, and Samuel Johnson, LLD, stands bareheaded in the sun wondering what has happened to the world. The hut within is simply an agglomeration of big clean rectangular spaces, reading rooms, living rooms, dormitories, and baths, always full of husky pink figures, steam, and smell of soap. Physically Eagle Hut is merely the larger counterpart of some thousand others. The wonder of the place is its atmosphere. The narrow threshold might be three thousand miles in width, for cross it and you will find yourself in America. All the dear distinctive national things for which your soul and body have hungered and thirsted are gathered here. There is actually an American shoe shining stand, an American barber chair, and, heaven be praised, good American grub. It is a sight to see the long counter thronged with the eager, hungry blue jackets to hear the buzz of lively conversation carried on in the pervading aroma of fried eggs, favorite dish, or sandwich of apparently every dough boy and tar. One's admiration grows for the Y workers who keep at the weary grind of washing floors, picking up stray cigarette butts, and washing innumerable eggy plates. I realize to the full what a poor old college professor who helped in a hut on the French front meant when he had said to me, life is just one damned egg after another. Of course, sometimes the hen fruit, one hears all kinds of facetious aliases at the hut, gives way to sois de sang, buckwheat cakes, a dainty, a lately honored by royal attention. Should you stroll about the buildings, you will see sailors and soldiers reading in good, comfortable chairs, some playing various games, others sitting in quiet corners, writing letters home.  On the morning that I called, he had been asked to supply the address of a goat farm by a quartermaster charged with the buying of a mascot. And he was just recovering from this when a sailor from the Grand Fleet demanded a complete and careful resume of the British marriage regulations. Everybody seems cheerful and contented. The officials are attentive and kind. The guests, good-natured and well-behaved. Such is the combination of club, restaurant, and hotel to which our Jack resorts. And there he lives, content in this islet of America, while London roars about him. During the week he wanders, as he says himself, all over the place. The good time ends with the Saturday ball game. Everybody goes. Posters announce it through London in large black type on yellow paper, U.S. Army versus U.S. Navy. The field is most American looking. The bleachers might be those in any great American town. The great game, the game to remember, was played in the presence of the King. The day was a good one, though now and then obscured with clouds. A strangely mixed audience was at hand. Wounded Tommy's, American soldiers, speaking in all the tongues of all the forty-eight states, a number of American civilians from the Embassy and the London Colony, groups of dignified staff officers from the Army and the Navy headquarters, and even a decorous group of Britons dressed in the formal garments, which are des resures in England, at any high-class sporting event. Then in came the King walking ahead of his retinue, a man of medium height with a most kind and chivalrous face. Our admiral walked beside him. The man played. Eager eyes looked down. The King, looking up, smiled, and won the goodwill of every friendly young heart. A few minutes later the noise broke forth again. Oh, you Army! Ah, you Navy! A hullabaloo that culminated in a roar. Play ball! The Navy men, wearing uniforms of blue with red stripes, walked out first, closely followed by the Army in uniforms of gray-green. The admiral, towering straight and tall above his entourage, threw the ball. A pandemonium of yells broke forth. Now's the time. Give it to him, boys! So go to him! So go to him! City Army! Give him to him! Can run! Run, Smithy! In a corner, by themselves, a group of blue jackets made a fearful noise with some kind of whirligig rattles. Songs rose in spots from the audience, collided with other songs, and melted away in indistinguishable tombs. British Tommies looked on flechmatically, enjoying it all just the same. There were stray, mocking cat-calls. It was a real effort to bring oneself back to London, old London of decorous cricket, tea, and white flannels. And, of course, the Navy won. Over the heads of the vanishing crowd floated. Give them the axe, the axe, the axe, where, where, where? Right in the neck, the neck, the neck. There, there, there. Who gets the axe? Army! Who says so? Navy! It ends with a roar. Then there is a celebration, and the next morning is holiday over. Jack is rounded up and put into a railway carriage. The roofs of London die away, and Jack, dozing over his magazines, sees in a dream the great gray shapes of the battleships that wait for him in the endless northern rain. 29. The Armed Guard When the Germans began to sink our unarmed merchant vessels and announced that they intended to continue that course of action, it was immediately seen that the only possible military answer to this infamous policy lay in arming every ship. There were obstacles, however, to this defensive program. We were at the time engaged in what was essentially a legal controversy with the Germans, a controversy in which the case of America and civilization was stated with a clarity, a sincerity, and a spirit of idealism, which perhaps only the future can justly appreciate. We could not afford to weaken our case by involving in doubt the legal status of the merchantmen. The enemy, driven brilliantly point by point from the pseudo-legal defenses of an outrageous campaign, had taken refuge in quibbling. The ship was armed, a gun was seen. Such vessels must be considered as war vessels. We all know the sorry story. For a while our hands were tied. Then came our declaration of war, which left our navy free to take protective measures. The merchantmen were fitted with guns and given crews of navy gunners. This service, devoted to the protection of the merchant ship, was known as the armed guard. It was not long before tanker and tramp, big merchantmen and grimy collier, sailed from our ports fully equipped. Vessels, whose helplessness before the submarine had been extreme, the helplessness of a wretched sparrow gripped in the talons of a hawk, became fighting units which the submarine encountered at her peril. Moreover, finding it no longer easy to sink ships with gunfire, the submarines were forced to make greater use of their torpedoes, and this in turn compelled them to attempt at frequent intervals the highly dangerous voyage to the German bases on the Belgian coast. Sometimes the gun crews were British, sometimes American. The cooperation between the two navies was at once friendly and scientific. The guns with which the vessels were equipped were of the best, and the gun crews were recruited from the trained personnel of the fleet. One occasionally hears aboard the greater vessels lamentations for gunners who have been sent on to the guard. These crews consisted of some half-dozen men, usually under the command of a chief petty officer. A splendid record there's, they have been in action time and time again against the Germans and have destroyed submarines. There is many a fine tale in the records of crews who kept up the battle till the tilt of their sinking vessel made the firing of the gun an impossibility. So far the gunners on the merchant ships have come in for the lion's share of attention. But there is another and important side of the armed guard service which has not yet, I believe, been called to the public notice. I mean the work of the signalmen of the guard. The arming of the merchant ships was the first defensive measure to be adopted. The second, the gathering of merchant men into escorted groups known as convoys. Now a convoy has before it several definite problems. If it was to make the most of its chances of getting through the German ambush, it must act as a well coordinated naval unit, obeying orders, answering signals, and performing designated evolutions in the manner of a battleship squadron. For instance, convoys follow certain zigzag plans prepared in advance by naval experts. Frequently these schemes are changed at sea. Now if all the vessels change from plan X to plan Y simultaneously, all will go well. But if some delay, there is certain to be a most dangerous confusion, perhaps a collision. It is no easy task to keep 20 or so boats zigzagging in convoy formation and traveling in a general direction eastward at the same time. Merchant captains have had to accustom themselves to these strict orders, no easy task for some old fashioned masters. Merchant crews have had to be educated to the discipline and method of naval crews. Moreover, there have been occasional foreign vessels to deal with, and the problem presented by a foreign personnel. In order therefore to assure that communication between the guideship of the convoy and its attendant vessels, which is in the true sense of an abused word vital to the success of the expedition, the navy placed one of its keenest signalmen on the vessels which required one. He was there to give and to send signals by flag, by international flag code, by blinker, and by semaphore. The wireless was used as little as possible between the various vessels of the merchant fleet, indeed practically not at all. The system of signaling by holding two flags at various angles is fairly familiar since a number of organizations began to teach it and the semaphore system is the same system carried into action by two mechanical arms. The method called blinker has a morse alphabet and is sent by exposing and shutting off a light, the shorter exposures being the dots, the longer exposures the dashes. Sometimes blinker is sent by the ship's search light, a number of horizontal shutters attached to one perpendicular rod serving to open and close the light aperture. One used to see the same scheme on the lower halves of old-fashioned window blinds. The international flag code is perhaps the hardest signal system to remember. It requires not only what an able friend calls a good, brute memory, but also a good visual memory. Many have seen the flags, gay pieces of various striped, patched, checkered, and dotted bunting reminiscent of a Tokyo street fair. The signalman must learn the flag alphabet committing to memory, the colors, and their geometric arrangement. He must also learn the special signification of each particular letter. For instance, one letter of the alphabet stands for I wish to communicate. There are also numbers to remember, phrases, and sentences. If a signalman cares to specialize, he can study certain minor systems, for instance the one in which a dot and a dash are symbolized by different colored lights. A signalman must have a good eye, a quick brain, and a good memory. It is a feat in itself to remember what one has already received while continuing to receive a long, perhaps complicated message. Because of these intellectual requirements, you will find among the signalman some of the cleverest lads in the Navy. Giles, such a lad, Idaho, another, and Pop was always on the job. The guard has its barracks in a great American port. One saw there the men being sorted out, equipped for their special service, and assigned to their post. A fine lot of real seafaring youngsters tanned almost black. The Navy looked after them in a splendid fashion, said one of the boys to me, if I had only known what a wonderful place the Navy was, I'd been in it long ago. The boys were sent over in the merchant ships, were cleanly lodged in excellent hotels once they got to land, and were then sent back on various liners. The armed guard was a real seafaring service, and its men, one and all, were touched by the romance and mystery of the sea. They fell in with strange old cramps hurried from the east. They broke bread with strange crews. They beheld the sea and the sullen wrath it cherishes beneath the winter skies. One and all they have stood by their guns. One and all stood by their tasks. Good, sturdy American lads, gentlemen, unafraid. Thirty, going aboard. Giles, who had just been sent to the armed guard from the fleet, was waiting for orders in a room at the Naval Barracks. It was early in the spring, the sun shone renewed and clear. A hurdy-gurdy sounded far, far away. The big room was clean, clean with that hard, orderly tidiness which marks the habitations of men under military rule. A number of sailors likewise waiting for their orders stood about. There was a genuine seagoing quality in the tanned, eager young faces. The conversation dealt with their journeys, with the ships, with the men, the life aboard, the furloughs in London. Bunch of Danes, good eats, chucked Bill right in his bunk, regular peach, saw Jeff at the eagle hut. Presently a bosan appeared, a man somewhere in the thirties, brisk and athletic. One could see him counting the assembled sailors as he came, the numbers forming on his soundless lips. The talk died away. How many men here? said the bosan abruptly. Several of the sailors began counting. There was much turning around, a deal of whispered estimations. Everyone appeared to be looking at everybody else. Finally, a deep voice from a corner said, Thirty-five! Anyone down for leave? Some half-dozen members of a gun crew, just home from a long journey, called out that leave had been given them.  There was no answer. In the ensuing silence the bosan checked off the answers on his list. I suppose you all want to go out. Sure! Get in line, the bosan backed away, and looked with an official eye at the sturdy group. All here, pack up and stand by. At eleven o'clock, have all your baggage at the drill-office. I'll send the man up to get the mail. The line broke up, keen for the coming adventure. Giles, the signalman, walked at a brisk pace to his quarters. You would have seen a lad of about twenty-two years of age between medium height and tall, and unusually well-built. Some years of wrestling, he had one distinction in this sport at school, had given him a tremendously powerful neck and chest, but with all the strength there was no suggestion of beefiness. The friendliest of brown eyes, shown in the clean-cut, handsome head, he had a delightful smile, always a sign of good breeding. In habit he was industrious and persevering, in manner of life, clean and true beyond reproach. Giles is an American sailor lad, a real gob, and I have described him at some length because of this same reality. The sooner we get to know our sailors, the better. Back in his quarters he busied himself with packing his bag. Now, packing one of those cylindrical bags is an art in itself. First of all, each garment must be folded or rolled in a certain way. The sleeve in this manner, the collar in that, it is all patiently taught at training stations. Then the articles themselves must be placed within the bag in an orderly arrangement, and last of all, toilet articles and such gear must be stowed within convenient reach. A clean smell of freshly washed clothes, and good yellow kitchen soap rose from the tidy bundles. In went an extra suit. Those trousers are real broadcloth. Don't get them nowadays. None of that bum surge they're trying to wish on you. A packet of underwear tied and knotted with wonderful sailor knots, and last of all, handkerchiefs, soap, and other minor impedimenta, done up in blue and red bandana handkerchiefs. You simply put the articles on the handkerchiefs, and knot the four corners neatly over the top. There you have the sailor. Only at sea does one realize to what an extent the bandana handkerchief is a boom to mankind. When the bag was packed, it was a triumph of industry and skill. Shouldering it, the sailor walked to the drill office. He was early. A good substantial luncheon had been prepared. There were plates of hardy sandwiches, just before noon. A fleet of buses took them to the pier. The day was clear, but none too warm, and great buffeting salvos of dust-laden wind blew across the befouled and busy waters of the port.  The sailors of the guard, wearing reefers and with round hats jammed tightly on their heads, stood back against a wind that curled the wide ends of their blue trousers close about their ankles. Presently, grimy, hot, and pouring out coils of brownish-choking smoke, a big ocean-going tug glided over to the wharf and took them aboard. Then bells rang, the propeller churned, and the tug turned her corded nose down the bay. The convoy laid anchor at the very mouth of the roads, a miscellaneous lot of vessels, mostly of British registration, some new, some very, very old. The pick of the group was a fine large vessel with an outlandish Maori name. Giles heard later that she had just been brought over from New Zealand. The inevitable grimy-decked tankers and ammoniical mule boat completed the lot. An American cruiser lay at the very head of the line. Men could be seen moving about on her, and there was much washing flapping in the wind. The tug went from vessel to vessel, landing a signalman here, a gun-crew there. One by one the lads clambered aboard, two shouts of, see you later, and so come one for me. Giles was almost the last man left aboard the tug.  The tug slid alongside caressingly. There were more bells, a noise of turning of water. Over the side of the greater vessel leaned a number of the crew, a casual curiosity in their eyes, seafaring men in dingy jerseys opening at the throat and showing hairy chests. A petty-faced ship's boy watched the show a little to one side. Presently an officer of the ship, young, deep-chested, and with a freshly healed puckering star-shaped wound at the left and corner of his mouth, came briskly down the deck and stood by the head of the ladder. Giles caught up his bag, climbed aboard, and reported. The officer brought him to the captain. Then, when the formalities were over, the second mate took him in charge, and assigned the lad his quarters and his watches. The convoy set sail the next morning. Just as a pale, cold, and unutterably laggard dawn rose over a sea stretching, vast and empty, to the clearly marked line of a distant and ledden horizon. The escorting cruiser, flying a number of flags, was the first to get under way, and behind her followed the merchant men in their allotted positions, each ship flying its position flag. Giles watched the departure from the bridge. Behind him the vast city rose silent above the harbour mist. Ahead, rich in promise of adventure and romance, lay the great plain of the dark, the inhospitable, the unsullied, the heroic sea. This is Idaho's story. He told it to me when I met him coming home early this summer. We were crossing in a worthy old transatlantic, which has since gone to the bottom, and Idaho, at his ease in the deserted smoking-room, unfolded the adventure. Idaho, U.S.N., we called him that aboard, is a very real personage. I think he told me that he was eighteen years old, medium height, solidly built, wholesome looking. The leading characteristic of the young open countenance is intelligence, an intelligence that has grown of itself behind those clear gray eyes, not a power that has grown from premature contact with the world. Until he joined the Navy, I imagined that Idaho knew little of the world beyond his own magnificent west. I consider him very well educated. He declares that, referring life on his father's ranch to knowledge, he cut high school after the second year. He is a great reader and likes good, stirring poetry. He is an idealist and stands by his ideals with a fervor which only youth possesses, and I ought to add that Idaho, in the words of one of his friends, is one first class signalman. This is Idaho's story pieced together from his own recital and from a handful of his letters. The crowd aboard the naval tug was so festive that morning, and there was such a lot of scuffling, punching, imitation boxing, and jolly-ing, generally, that Idaho did not see the vessel to which he had been assigned till the tug was close alongside. Then hearing his name called out, the lad caught up his baggage and walked on into the open side of a vast, disreputable tramp. The lad later learned that she had been brought from somewhere in the China Sea. The sabastable, heaven knows where she originally got the name, was a ship that had served her term in the west, had grown old and out of date, and then been purchased by some oriental firm. Out there she had carried on, always sea-worthy in an old-fashioned way, always excessively dirty, always a day overdue. When the submarine had made ships worth their weight in silver, the sabastable must have been almost on the point of giving up the ghost. Presently the war brought the old ship back to England again. Her return to an English harbor must have resembled the return of a disreputable relative to an anxious family, and in England, in some tremendously busy shipyard, they had patched her up, added a modern electrical equipment, and even gone to the length of new boilers. But her engines they had merely tuned up, and, as for her ancient whole, that they had dedicated to the mercy of the gods of the sea. Once aboard and assigned to his station and watches, the lad had leisure to look over his companions. The sabastable carried a crew from Liverpool, and was officered by three Englishmen and a little Welsh third mate. The captain, a first mate of many years' experience, to whom the war had given the chance of a ship, was in the forties, tall and with a thin stern mouth under a heavy brown moustache. The first mate was Amir Youngster, the second, a middle-aged volunteer, the third, an undersized, excitable cout, with grey eyes and cold black hair, touched with snow white above the ears. The Welshman took a liking for Idaho, used to question him and regard to the West, being especially keen to know about opportunities there after the war. He had a brother in Wales whom he thought might share in a farming adventure. Of the captain, the lad saw very little, and the first mate was somewhat on his dignity. Practically every man of the crew had been torpedoed at least once, many had been injured, and had scars to exhibit. All had picturesque tails to tell, the gruesome ones being the favourites. The best narrator was a fireman from London, a man of thirty with a lean chest and grotesquely strong arms. He would sit on the edge of a bunker, a chair, and tell of sudden thundering crashes, of the roaring of steam, of bodies lying on the deck, over which one tripped as one ran, of water pouring into engine rooms, and of boilers suddenly vomiting masses of white-hot coal upon dazed and scalded stokers. It was the melodrama of Below the Water Lime. Then for days the narrator would keep silent, troubled by a pain in one of his fragmentary teeth. All the men kept their few belongings tied in a bundle, ready to seize the instant trouble was at hand. The cook complained to Idaho that he had lost a gold watch when the Lady Esther was torpedoed off the coast of France, and advised him paternally to keep his things handy. One of the oilers, a good-natured fellow of twenty-eight or nine, had been a soldier having been invalidated out of the service because of wounds received late in the summer on the psalm. An interesting lot of men for an American boy to be tossed with, particularly for a lad as intelligent and observing as our Idaho. The boy was pleased with his job and worked well. He did not have very much to do. Signaling aboard a convoyed ship, though a frequent business, is not an incessant one, he knew that his work would come at the entrance to the zone. Sometimes he picked up messages intended for others. Mount Ida, you are out of line. Volcanion, keep strictly to the prescribed zigzag plan. Now he would see the Sicilian asking for advice. Now there would be a kind of telegraphic tiff between two of the vessels of the keep further away, hang you, order. Twenty ships running without lights through the ambush of the sea, twenty ships, twenty pledges of life, satisfied hunger, victory. In other days one's world at sea was one's ship. A convoy is a kind of solar system of solitary worlds. Hour after hour the assembled ships struggled across the great loneliness of the sea. The crew had a grievance. It was not against their officers, but against His Majesty's government, against a bloody lot of top hats. A recent regulation had forbidden sailors to import food into the United Kingdom, and all the dreams of stalking up the Mrs. Lorter with American abundance had come to naught. Idaho says that there was an engineer who was particularly fierce. Not to risk our lives, our arske, he would say.  The rest of the crew would take up the angry refrain. A mention of the food regulations was enough to set the entire crew grousing for hours. And then came trouble. Real trouble. On the fifth day out Idaho, called for his early watch, found the boat wallowing in a heavy sea. The wind was not particularly heavy, but it blew steadily from one point of the compass, and the seas were running dark, wind-flecked, and high. The sabastable, accustomed to the calm of eastern seas, was pitching and rolling heavily. Presently the cargo began to shift. Now to have the cargo shift is about the most dangerous thing that can happen to a vessel. One never can tell just when the center of gravity of the mass will be displaced, and when that contingency occurs the big iron ship will roll over as casually and as easily as a dog before the fire. It takes courage, plenty of courage, to keep such a ship running, especially if you are down by the boilers or in the engine room. You have to be prepared to find yourself lying in a corner somewhere, looking up at a ceiling, which, strange to say, has a door in it. The sabastable leaned away from the wind like a stricken man, crouching before a pitiless enemy, the angle of her smokestack more than anything else betraying the alarming list. In her stricken condition the ship seemed to become more than ever personal and human. Presently her old plates bulged somewhere and she began to leak. The vessel carried a cargo of grain in these days more than ever a cargo epical and symbolic, a hold full of rich grain, grain engendered out of fields, vast as the sea, bred by the fruitful fire of the sun, rippled by the passing of winds from the mysterious hills, grain symbolic of satisfied hunger, victory. A cargo of grain, life to those on land, to those on board, danger, and the possibility of a violent, if romantic, death. The crew, too occupied with the emergency to curse the stevedores, ran hither and thither on swift, obscure errands, and the weather grew steadily worse, the leak increasing with the advance of the storm. Down below, meanwhile, a force of men hardly able to keep their balance, buffeted here and there by the motion of the ship, and working in an atmosphere of choking dust, transferred a number of bags from one side to another. Unhappily, the real mischief was due to grain in bends, and with this store little could be done, and always the water in the hold increased in depth. The pumps orders had been given to start them directly the leak was noticed. Three minutes later, the machinery and the pipes, fouled with grain, refused to work. They saw bubbles steam, a trickle of water that presently stopped, and lumps of wet grain that someone might have chewed together, and spat forth again. Idaho did a lot of signalling and code to the guideship of the convoy. The sabastopol began to drop behind. An order being given to sleep up on the boat deck so as to be ready to leave at any instant, the men dragged their bedding to whatever shelter they could find. The captain appeared never to take any time off for sleep. Day after day, through heavy seas, under a sky torn and dirty as a rag, the old sabastopol, listed badly, and sawed in as cold porridge, carried her precious cargo to the waiting and hungry east. Giving up all hope of keeping up with her sisters, she fell behind, now straggling ten, now fifteen miles astern. At length the weather changed, the sea became smooth, blue and sparkling, the sky radiant and clear. Then the destroyers came. There was a parley, and the other vessels of the convoy zigzagged wildly for a while in order to allow the sabastopol to catch up. But in spite of all attempts, the old ship fell behind again, and was suffered to do so, lest the others, compelled to adopt her slow speed, be seriously handicapped in their race down the gauntlet. Then it was discovered that the leak had gained alarmingly. There was even talk of abandoning the vessel and taking to the boats. A try was made to pump out the boat with an ancient hand-engine. The contrivance clogged almost at once. According to Idaho, it was much like trying to pump out a thick brand mush, such as they gave sick calves. And they were only two days from land, barely afloat, just crawling, and with a submarine zone ahead of them. But the gods were kind, and the old boat and the solitary destroyer went down the channel and across the Irish Sea as safely as clockwork toys across a garden pool. Yet they passed quite a tidy lot of wreckage. Nearer, nearer all the time, till late one afternoon, two big tugs raced to meet them at the mouth of a giant estuary. The sabastopol was at the end of her tether. Another day, and it would have been a case of taking to the boats. The tugs hurried her into a waiting dry-dog. Idaho, his paper signed, his bag upon his shoulder, got into a little tender, which was to take him over to the harbor landing. Looking up, he saw some of the crew leaning over the rail. They grinned, with friendly, soot-streaked faces, waved their arms. The sabastopol was safe. The rich cargo of grain, the life-giving yellow grain, was safe. The tug slid off into the busy, noisy river-way, and thus came Idaho of the armed guard to the beleaguered aisles. 32. Collision. Regret to report collision and latitude x and longitude y between tank, steam ships Tampico and Peruvian. Extract from an admiralty paper. When supper was over, the two sailors of the armed guard attached to the ship went out on deck for a breath of evening air. It was just after sundown, a clean calm rested upon the monstrous plain of the sea. One golden star shone tranquil and lonely in the west. The convoy was almost at the border of the zone. To the left the lads could see the twin funnels of the big grain ship, the tattered, befouled horse boat, the little rolling tramp said to be full of tea and tea, and the long, low bulks and squat houses of the two tanks. Whoever's on that tramp is some bird-at-signals, said the bigger of the boys, my friend Pop, generally starts to answer my signal before I'm through. Knows aboard her, Robbie? I think it's that big new guy from the Pennsylvania answered Robbie meditatively. Dalton's on the horse boat, isn't he? Sure, either he or Richie. Pete Johnson's on the first tank and that fresh little Roger's guy on the other. There was a pause. Pop spat with unction over the side. Suddenly their vessel entered a fog bank, passing through a detached island or two of it, before plunging on into the central mass. The convoy instantly faded from sight. Every now and then, out of the wall of gray ahead, a little swirl of fog detached itself and, floating down the darkening deck, melted into the opaque obscurity behind. Drops of moisture began to gather on the lower surface of the brass rails of the companion ways. Fingers grew slippery to the touch. Little worm-like trails of overladen drops slid mechanically down sloping surfaces. The fog, thickening, flowed alongside like a vaporous current. Overhead, however, the sky was fairly clear, though the greater stars shone aureold and pale. There was very little sound, merely the steady hissing of the calm water alongside. Little voices heard in a tone of consultation, the heavy slam of a door. An hour passed, the fog showed no sign of lifting, seeming rather to become of denser substance with the dark. Pop was glad that there was no ship following directly behind, and wondered if the others were dragging fog-boys. The ship's bell rang muffled and mourn in the fog. Suddenly, out of the clinging darkness, out of the oppressive obscurity, there came, momentary, brazen and incredibly distant, a dull and muffled sound. So far away, and mysterious was its source, that the sound might have been imagined as coming from the dark beyond the stars. An instant later, as if the only purpose of its mysterious existence had been to sink a tanker, the fog melted into the night, and a little wind, a little timid, trembling breath, brushed the great plume of smoke from the funnel lightly aside. A bright starlit night came into being as if by enchantment, as if created out of the fog by the intervention of divine will. The motionless black shapes of the colliding tankers could be seen far, far astern. After the crash, they had drifted apart. The wireless was crackling, blinker lights flashing their dots and dashes of violet-white, a whistle-blue. Am standing by came a message. The chief of the convoy sent out a peremptory command. Presently, a light appeared on one of the vessels, a little rosy glow like a Chinese lantern. The glow sank, disappeared, and rose again, having gathered strength. One of the tankers was on fire. Soon a second glow appeared, close by its stern, a glow of warm rosy orange. In a few minutes they could see tongues of fire and two boats rowing away from the vessel. They did not know that the men in the boats were rowing for their lives through a pool of oil which might take fire at any instant. A few minutes passed, the light grew brighter. Suddenly there was a kind of flaming burst, a great victory of fire. The tanker, well down by the head, floated, flaming in an ocean that was itself a flame. Floated black, silent, and doomed to find an ironic grave in the waters under the fire. Great masses of smoke rose from the burning pool into the serene sky and hid the vessel when she sank. Half an hour later a little rosy light lay at the horizon's rim. Suddenly, like a lamp blown out, it died. After a calm, quite uneventful voyage across the ambushed sea, put into a port on the channel for the night, and the following morning dispersed to their various harbours. Some sort of coast patrol boat, not much bigger than an admiral's launch, the words are those of my friend Steve Holzer of the Armed Guard, took the SS Snowden under her metaphorical wing and brought her up the Thames. This Snowden was one of a fleet of twelve spry little cramps named for the principal mountains of the kingdom, a smart, well-equipped, well-ordered product of the time. Steve, quick, clever, and alert, had got along capitally with the Limies. His particular pals were a pair of twin lads about his own age, young, English, blond, and grey-eyed. Young, slow to understand a joke, honest, good-tempered, and sincere. I have seen the postcard photograph of themselves which they gave Steve as a parting gift. Steve himself is a Yankee from the word go, a genuine Yankee from somewhere along the coast of Maine. He stands somewhat below medium height, is lean-faced and lean-bodied, his eyes twinkle with a shrewd good humor, a great lad. He tells me that his people have been seafaring folk for generations. The Snowden, escorted by her tiny guard, ran down the coast, entered the Thames estuary, passed the barriers, and finally resigned herself to the charge of a tug. Late in the afternoon, the mass of London began to enclose them, and they became conscious of strange, somewhat foul, land smells. The soot in the air irritated their nostrils. The ship was docked close after dusk. The feeling of satisfaction, which seizes on the hearts of seamen who have successfully brought a ship into port, entered into their bosoms. Everybody was happy, happy at the retrospect of achievement in the prospect of peace, security, good pay, and good times. Their vessel lay in a basin just off a great bend in the river in a kind of gigantic concrete swimming pool bordered with steel arc-like poles planted in rows like impossibly perfect trees. To starboard through another row of arc poles and over a wall of concrete, they could see the dirty majesty of the great brown river and the square silhouetted bulks of the tenements and warehouses on the other side. To port lay a landing stage some two hundred feet wide, backed by a huge warehouse over whose dengy roof two immense chimneys towered like guardians. This phased stank of horse. The river had lost the clean smell of the sea and breathed a reek of humanity and inland demyre. A mean cobbled stone street led from a corner of the landing space past wretched tenements, fried fish shops, and pawnbrokers' windows exhibiting second-rate nautical instruments, concertinas, and fraternal emblems. It was all surprisingly quiet. Steve, hospitably invited to remain aboard, went to the starboard rail and stood studying the river. The last smoky light had ebbed from the sky. Night, rich and strewn with autumnal stars hung over the gigantic city and a moon just passing the first quarter hung close by the meridian and shone reflected in the pool-like basin and the river's moving tide. One of the huge chimneys suddenly assumed a great creamy curling bloom of smoke which dissolved mysteriously into the exhalations of the city. From down in the cruise quarters came the musical squeals of a concertina and occasional voices whose words could but barely be distinguished. The arc lights by the basin edge suddenly flowered into a dismal glow of whiteish-yellow light strangled by the opaque hoods and under-cups affixed by the anti-aircraft regulations. Another concertina sounded further down the street. The moonlight like a kind of superno benediction fell on smokestack and funnel, on shining gray wire and solemn rusted anchor, on burnished capstan and fingers smooched door, heat haze flowing in a swift and glassy river shone above the smokestack in the moon. Suddenly Steve heard down the street a sustained note from something on the order of a penny whistle and an instant later a window was flung up and a figure leaned out. It was too dark to see whether it was a man or a woman.  At the same moment the lights about the dock flickered, clicked, and died. There was a confused noise of steps behind. There were voices. Hey, listen, was that? The last in pure cockney and a questioning, doubting Thomas-voice said, a raid? The figure of the captain was seen on the bridge. One of the ship's voice went hurrying round, doing something or other, probably closing doors. The twins strolled over to Steve and informed him in the most casual manner that they were in for a raid. It was Steve's first introduction to British unemotionalism, and I imagine that it rather let him down. He says that he himself was right up on his diptoes. He also had a notion that bombs would begin to rain from the sky directly after the warning. The twins soon made it clear, however, that the warning was given when the raiders were picked up on the east coast, and that there was generally some twenty minutes or half an hour to wait before the show began. Every once in a while somebody in the group would steal a look at the pale worlds beyond the serig chimney-pots and at the moon, guiltless accomplice of the violence and imbecilities of men. Presently a number of star-shells, a burst and fountains of coppery bronze. Every hatch covered, every port and window sealed, the Snowden awaited the coming of the raiders. Whistles continued to be heard, faint and far away. From no word, tone or gesture of that English crew could one have a gathered that they were in the most dangerous quarter of the city. For the one indispensable element of a London raid is the attack on the waterfront, the attack on the ships, the ships of wood, the ships of steel, the hollow ships through which Imperial Britain lives. There is little to be seen in a London raid unless you happen to be close by something struck by a bomb. The affair is almost entirely a strange and terrible movement of sound, a rising catastrophic tide of sound, a flood of thundering tumult, a slow and sullen ebb. There, here that, said someone. Far away on the edge of the Essex Marshes and the Moonlit Sea, a number of anti-aircraft guns had picked up the raiders. The air was full of a faint sullen murmur, continuous as the roar of ocean on a distant beach. Searchlight beams, sweeping swift and mechanical, appeared over London, the pale rays searching the black islands between the dimmed constellations like figures of the blind. They descended, rose, glared, met, melted together. The sullen roaring grew louder and nearer, no longer a blend, but a sustained crescendo of pounding sounds and muffled crashes. A belated star-shell broke and was reflected in the river. A police boat, passed swiftly and noiselessly, a solitary red spark floating from her funnel as she sped. The roaring gathered strength, the guns on the coast were still. Now one heard the guns on the inland moors, the guns in the fields beyond quiet little villages, the guns lower down the river. They were following the river. Now the guns in the outer suburbs, now the guns in the very London spaces, ring, crash, tinkle, roar, pound. The great city flung her defiance at her enemies. Steve became so absorbed in the tumult that he obeyed the order to take shelter below, quite mechanically. A new sound came screaming into their retreat, a horrible kind of whistling zoom followed by a heavy pound. Steve was told that he had heard a bomb fall, somewhere down the river. Nearer, instant by instant, crept the swift deadly menace. A lonely fragment of an anti-aircraft shell dropped clanging on the steel deck. You see, explained one of the twins in the careful, passionless tone that he would have used in giving street instructions to a stranger, the Huns are on their way up the river, dropping a kettle on any boat that looks like a good mark and trying to set the docks afire. The docks always get it. Listen. There was a second zoom and a third close on its heels. Those are probably on the Etna basins, said the other twin. Their aims beastly rotten as a rule. If this light were out, we might be able to see something from a hatchway. Mr. Millen, the first mate, makes an awful fuss if he finds anyone on deck. I know what's what. Let's go to the galley. There's a window there. Can't be shut. The three lads stole off. Beneath a lamp turned down to a bluish yellow flame. The older seamen waited placidly for the end of the raid and discussed, sailor fashion, a hundred irrelevant subjects. The darkened space grew chokingly thick with tobacco smoke. And the truth of it was that every single sailor in there knew that the last two bombs had fallen on the Etna basins and that the Snowden would be sure to catch it next. By a trick of the gods of chance the vessel happened to be alone in the basin and presented a shining mark. The lads reached the galley window. By crowding in shoulder to shoulder they could all see. The pool and its concrete wall were hidden. The window opened directly on the river. Presently came a lull in the tumult and during it sieve heard alone a notonous hum the song of the raiding plains. More fragments of shrapnel fell upon the deck. The moon had traveled westward and lay large and golden, well clear of the town. The winter stars, bright and inexorable, had advanced. The city was fighting on. Suddenly the three boys heard the ominous aerial whistle.  Silence! They guessed what had happened. A bomb intended for the Snowden had fallen in the river. Later somewhere on land was heard a thundering crash which shook the vessel violently. A pan or something of the kind hanging on the galley wall fell with a startling crash. Get out of here, you boys, called the cook. Shift's galleys are sacred places and are to be respected even in air raids. And then even more slowly and gradually than it had gathered to a flood the uproar ebbed. The firing grew spasmotic, ceased within the city limits, lingered as a distant rumble from the outlying fields, and finally died away altogether. The sailors, released by a curt order, came on deck. The top of the concrete wall was splashed and mottled with dark puddles and spatters of water. All agreed that the bomb had fallen bloody close. The peace of the abyss rules above. Far down the river there was an unimportant fire. Said Steve, I certainly was sore when I didn't have any excitement on the way over in the convoy, but after that night in the Snowden I decided that being with the armed guard led you in for some real stuff. It's a great service, with which opinion all who know the guard will agree. 34. On having been both a soldier and a sailor. When this cruel war is over and the mad rounds of parades, banquets, and reunions begin, I shall immediately set to work to organize the most exclusive of clubs. A mocking and envious friend suggests that our uniform consists of a white sailor hat, a soldier's tunic, British, French, or American, according to the flags under which we served, and a pair of sailor trousers with an extra wide flare. For the club is to be composed of those fortunate souls who, like myself, have seen the show on land and on sea. To my mind, however, instead of mixing the uniforms, it would be better to dress in khaki when we feel military, in blue when our temperament is nautical. Think of belonging to a club whose members can dissect a trench mortar with ease, and at the same time say, three points off the port bow, without turning a hair. I should admit marines only after a special consideration of each case. Not that I don't admire the marines, I do. I yield to no one in my admiration of our gallant devil-dogs. But the applicant for admission to our club must have first served as a bona fide soldier, and then as a bona fide sailor, or vice versa. Not that I am a sailor, or ever was a sailor, in Uncle Sam's navy. All that I can claim to have been is a correspondent attached to the navy over there. But four months' service, most of it spent at sea on the destroyers, subs, and battleships, entitles me, I think, to membership, consequently being president, I have admitted myself. Well, you've seen the war both on land and on sea. Which service do you prefer, the army or the navy? This question has hurled at me everywhere I go. I answer it with deliberation, enjoying the while to the full the consciousness of being an extraordinary person, a sort of literary anias, multomyacapes, et terris, et alto, and I answer briefly, the navy. I hasten to add, however, that you will find my answer colored by a passion for the beauty and the mystery of the sea with which some good spirit endowed me in my cradle. I was born in one of the most historic of New England's seacoast towns where Brian was anxiously said to flow through the veins of the inhabitants. On midsummer days the fierce heat distills from the crack caked mud of tidal meadows the clean salty smell of the unsullied sea. Dark ships trailing far behind them long dissolving plumes of smoke weave in and out between the tawny whale-backed islands of the bay and tame little seabirds, almost the color of the shingle, run along at the edge of the incoming tide. So I admit a bias for the service of the sea. Does the navy demand as much of the sailor as the army does of the soldier? A vexed question. The army, comparing grimly its own casually lists with the navy's occasional role, sometimes imagines, naturally enough, that the sailor lives, as the old him has it, on flowery beds of ease. As a whole there is no denying that living conditions are far better in the naval service, though much depends on the boat to which the sailor is assigned. A soldier in the trenches sleeps in his clothes, so does a sailor on a destroyer or a patrol boat, and I do not believe that I felt much more comfortable at the end of a long trip in an old destroyer, during which the vessel rolled, pitched, tossed, careened, stood on her head, sat on her tail, and buckled, than I did after a week or so at the front. Certainly there was little to choose between the overcrowded living quarters of the sailors and a decent dugout. True, the Toto, alias Greyback, alias Couti, or his occasional but less famous accomplice, the crimson rambler, does not infest a navy ship. How many times have I not heard army folks say in heartfelt tones, those navy people can keep clean. But a truce to the Couti. Much more has been made of him than he deserves. During the first six months of the war the creature was in evidence, but after the hostilities began to limit themselves to the trench suede, and this localizing war made possible a stable system of hospitals, cantonments, and baths, the Couti became as rare as a day in June, and to have such a guest was an indication of abysmally bad luck or personal uncleanliness. Moreover a little gasoline begged from a lorry driver and sprinkled on one's clothes confers unconditional immunity. Consider the crew of a submarine. They do not have to splash about in a gully of smelly mud, the consistency of thick soup, or wander down alleyways of red-brown mud, so cheesy that it sticks to the boots till one no longer lifts feet from the ground, but shapeless heavy thrice-cust lumps of mire. No one has yet risen to sing the epic of the mud of France, yet tis the soul of the war. The submarine sailors are spared the mud, but they live in a sealed cylinder into which sunlight does not penetrate, live in the close atmosphere of a garage. They cannot get exercise or change clothes. A submarine crew that has had a hard time of it looks quite as worn out as soldiers just out of battle, and their colour is far worse. And if there is a more heroic service than this submarine patrol, I should like to know of it. And now the army in me rises to protest. I admit, says the military voice, that service on ships may be a confounded sight more disagreeable than I had imagined, but the sailor has a chance when he gets to port of changing his uniform whilst a poor lad of a soldier must fight, eat, and sleep in the same old uniform, and must limit his changes to a change of underclothes. True, O military spirit, civilian, and thou too, O sailor, do thou know what it is to be confined, to be wedded, without jest till death do us part, to one suit, one faithful, persistent, necessary uniform, and one only. Two-thirds of the joy of permission is the pleasure of getting out of a dirty stale, besuited uniform. Heaven bless, heaven shower, a Niagara of happiness, on those kindly ladies who sent us supplies of socks and jerseys. Don't be content to knit Johnny's socks and a sweater, keep on knitting him a number of them, and send them over at intervals. The dandies of a section used to leave extra clothes in villages behind the lines. Alas, sometimes the group after service, ol'tanches, was not marched back to the same village, and it was difficult to get permission to visit the other village, even were it near. Such expedience, however, are for luxurious times. Quite often there are no habitable villages for miles behind the lines, or else the civilian inhabitants have been ruthlessly worn away. In such circumstances there is no clean cache of clothes to be left behind in Madame's closet, but the sailor, though he returns as grimy as a printer's devil and as bearded as a comic tramp, there is always a clean suit of liberty blues in his bag, and tomorrow, clad in the handsomest of all naval uniforms, he will be found ashore, breaking fair British or Irish hearts. I have tried to show that in the judgment of an ex-soldier, the difference between the life of a sailor and a fighting ship, and the life of a soldier and a fighting regiment, is by no means as great as it has been imagined. The army, I suppose, will grumble at such a pronunciamento.  All is not quite purgatorial, even at the front. Most army men know of quiet places along the lines held on our side by Rubicand wine-bibbing middle-aged French terriitorial, Bonpied or de Femilla, who show you pictures of Etienne and Maurice, and garrisoned on the enemy's border by fat old huns, who want very, very much to get home to their great pipe and steaming sauerkraut. In such places each side apologizes for the bad taste of their supporting artillery, whilst grenade-throwing is regarded as the bottom level of viciousness. Once in a while people die there of old age, gout, or chronic liver. No one is ever killed. Such entente cordial were far more frequent than those behind the line have ever suspected. On the other hand, some twenty miles down the trench swath, there may be a hillock constantly contested, a strategic point which burns up the lives of men as casually as the sustaining of a fire consumes faggots. Now it is the quick merciful bullet in the head, now the hot whizzing eclah of a high explosive, now the earthquake of the subterranean mine. But above all a mine at sea is no more gentle than one on land, and to have a mine exploded under him is perhaps the eventuality which a soldier fears more than anything else. On land the thundering release of a giant breath from out of the earth, a monstrous pall of fragments of soil, stones, and dust, perhaps of fragments more ghastly, at sea a thundering pound, a column of water, which seems to stand upright for a second or two, and then falls crashing on whatever is left of the vessel, Calmonda. There is a distinct difference between the psychology of the soldier and that of the sailor. A soldier of any army is sure to be drilled and drilled and drilled again till he becomes what he ought to be, a cog in an immense machine scientifically designed for the release of violence. A sailor, drilled scientifically enough but not so mechanically, preserves some of the ancient freedom of the sea. Then too the soldier with his bayonet is a fighting force. The sailor, though prepared for it, himself rarely fights but works a fighting mechanism, the ship. The battleship X may sink the cruiser Y, but there is rarely a core or core, such as takes place for instance in a disputed shell crater. Thus removed from the baser brutalities of war, the sailor never reveals that bane of Berserker savagery which soldiers will often reveal in a conquered province. As the class, sailors are the best nature to good-hearted souls in the world. Rough some may be, some may be scamps, but brutal never. Moreover, living under a discipline easier to bear than the soldiers, Jack has not the sullen streaks that overtake betimes men under arms. Of course he grumbles, the nested men are not normal if they don't grumble, but Jack's grumbling is as nothing compared to the fierce, smothered hate for things in general which every soldier sometimes feels. I would follow the sea because I am a lover of the mystery and beauty of the sea and because my comrades would be sailormen. I would knock at the Navy's door because after all is said and done the naval power is the ultima ratio of this titanic affair. I have seen many of the great scenes of this war, among them Verdun on the first night of the historic battle, but nothing that I saw on land impressed me as did my first view of the British Grand Fleet in its northern harbor, the dark ships, the hollow ships, rulers of the past, rulers of the future, unconquered and unconquerable. End of Part 9, End of Full Speed Ahead, Tales from the Log of a Correspondent with our Navy by Henry B. Besten


This is Classics of Liberty from libertarianism.org and the Cato Institute, narrated by Caleb Brown. Today's classic is Barry Goldwater's 1960 book, The Conscience of a Conservative, Part 1. In 1954, one Clarence Mannion began broadcasting a weekly radio show, The Mannion Forum, to hundreds of stations and perhaps millions of listeners around the country. For decades until his death in 1979, Mannion preached a philosophy of limited, divided and non-intrusive government. Like a broad array of Americans on the right, Mannion and his circle of financial supporters and activists broke from the Eisenhower Rockefeller wing of liberal internationalist Republicans throughout the 1950s. In the 1958 midterm elections, the GOP lost several important seats in the northeast and west, amidst a cracking Republican Party fractured by divisions, the liberal establishment and the traditionalist conservative outsiders. One Republican senator managed to ignite fire and excitement in his base that dismal year. Eying Barry Goldwater for advancement, Clarence Mannion commissioned Leo Brent Bozell Jr. to ghostwrite a book that could fuse political culture and practice into a powerful movement. In 1960, the Mannion click published The Conscience of a Conservative under the name of Senator Barry Goldwater in plenty of time to send 500 copies directly to Republican National Convention delegates. The book was a smashing success beyond anyone's expectations, most of all Goldwater, who had been somewhat apathetic about the project. Over three and a half million copies sold and its success garnered Goldwater enough national fame to secure his party's nomination in 1964. For Goldwater's own generation of left behind rugged individualists, the students he led in political rebellion and the young Reaganites following in their footsteps, Goldwater's Conscience of a Conservative was an unparalleled foundational text. It begins by identifying the most important distinctions between movement conservatives and their well-meaning but misguided fellows left and right. Chapter 1 The Conscience of a Conservative I have been much concerned that so many people today with conservative instincts feel compelled to apologize for them or if not to apologize directly to qualify their commitment in a way that amounts to breast-beating. Republican candidates, Vice President Nixon has said, should be economic conservatives but conservatives with a heart. President Eisenhower announced during his first term, I am conservative when it comes to economic problems, but liberal when it comes to human problems. Still other Republican leaders have insisted on calling themselves progressive conservatives. These formulations are tantamount to an admission that conservatism is a narrow mechanistic economic theory that may work very well as a bookkeeper's guide but cannot be relied upon as a comprehensive political philosophy. The same judgment though in the form of an attack rather than an admission is advanced by the radical camp. We liberals, they say, are interested in people. Our concern is with human beings while you conservatives are preoccupied with the preservation of economic privilege and status. Take them a step further and the liberals will turn the accusations into a class argument. It is the little people that concerns us, not the malefactors of great wealth. Such statements from friend and foe alike do great injustice to the conservative point of view. Conservatism is not an economic theory, though it has economic implications. The shoe is precisely on the other foot. It is socialism that subordinates all other considerations to man's material well-being. It is conservatism that puts material things in their proper place, that has a structured view of the human being and of human society in which economics plays only a subsidiary role. The root difference between the conservatives and the liberals of today is that conservatives take account of the whole man, while the liberals tend to look only at the material side of man's nature. The conservative believes that man is in part an economic, an animal creature, but that he is also a spiritual creature with spiritual needs and spiritual desires. What is more, these needs and desires reflect the superior side of man's nature and thus take precedence over his economic wants. Conservatism therefore looks upon the enhancement of man's spiritual nature as the primary concern of political philosophy. Liberals, on the other hand, in the name of a concern for human beings, regard this satisfaction of economic wants as the dominant mission of society. They are, moreover, in a hurry, so that their characteristic approach is to harness the society's political and economic forces into a collective effort to compel progress. In this approach, I believe they fight against nature. Surely the first obligation of a political thinker is to understand the nature of man. The conservative does not claim special powers of perception on this point, but he does claim a familiarity with the accumulated wisdom and experience of history, and he is not too proud to learn from the great minds of the past. The first thing he has learned about man is that each member of the species is a unique creature. Man's most sacred possession is his individual soul, which has an immortal side, but also a mortal one. The mortal side establishes his absolute differentness from every other human being. Only a philosophy that takes into account the essential differences between men and accordingly makes provision for developing the different potentialities of each man can claim to be in accord with nature. We have heard much in our time about the common man. It is a concept that pays little attention to the history of a nation that grew great through the initiative and ambition of uncommon men. The conservative knows that to regard man as part of an undifferentiated mass is to consign him to ultimate slavery. Secondly, the conservative has learned that the economic and spiritual aspects of man's nature are inextricably intertwined. He cannot be economically free or even economically efficient if he is enslaved politically. Conversely, man's political freedom is illusory if he is dependent for his economic needs on the state. The conservative realizes thirdly that man's development in both spiritual and material aspects is not something that can be directed by outside forces. Every man for his individual good and for the good of his society is responsible for his own development. The choices that govern his life are choices that he must make. They cannot be made by any other human being or by a collectivity of human beings.  So it is that conservatism throughout history has regarded man neither as a potential pawn of other men nor as a part of a general collectivity in which the sacredness and the separate identity of individual human beings are ignored. Throughout history, true conservatism has been at war equally with autocrats and with democratic Jacobins. The true conservative was sympathetic with the plight of the hapless peasant under the tyranny of the French monarchy and he was equally revolted at the attempt to solve that problem by a mob tyranny that paraded under the banner of egalitarianism. The conscience of the conservative is pricked by anyone who would debase the dignity of the individual human being. Today, therefore, he is at odds with dictators who rule by terror and equally with those gentler collectivists who ask our permission to play God with the human race. With this view of the nature of man, it is understandable that the conservative looks upon politics as the art of achieving the maximum amount of freedom for individuals that is consistent with the maintenance of social order. The conservative is the first to understand that the practice of freedom requires the establishment of order. It is impossible for one man to be free if another is able to deny him the exercise of his freedom. But the conservative also recognizes that the political power on which order is based is a self-aggrandizing force, that its appetite grows with eating. He knows that the utmost vigilance and care are required to keep political power within its proper bounds. In our day, order is pretty well taken care of. The delicate balance that ideally exists between freedom and order has long since tipped against freedom practically everywhere on earth. In some countries, freedom is altogether down and order holds absolute sway. In our country, the trend is less far advanced, but it is well along and gathering momentum every day. Thus, for the American conservative, there is no difficulty in identifying the day's overriding political challenge. It is to preserve and extend freedom. As he surveys the various attitudes and institutions and laws that currently prevail in America, many questions will occur to him, but the conservative's first concern will always be, are we maximizing freedom? I suggest we examine some of the critical issues facing us today with this question in mind. Chapter 2 The Perils of Power The New Deal, Dean Atchison wrote approvingly in a book called A Democrat Looks at His Party, conceived of the federal government as the whole people organized to do what had to be done. A year later, Mr. Larson wrote A Republican Looks at His Party, and made much the same claim in his book for modern Republicans. The underlying philosophy of the new republicanism said Mr. Larson is that, quote, if a job has to be done to meet the needs of the people, and no one else can do it, then it is the proper function of the federal government. Here we have, by prominent spokesman of both political parties, an unqualified repudiation of the principle of limited government. There is no reference by either of them to the Constitution, or any attempt to define the legitimate functions of government. The government can do whatever needs to be done. Note, too, the implicit but necessary assumption that it is the government itself that determines what needs to be done. We must not, I think, underrate the importance of these statements. They reflect the view of a majority of the leaders of one of our parties, and of a strong minority among the leaders of the other. And they propound the first principle of totalitarianism, that the state is competent to do all things, and is limited in what it actually does only by the will of those who control the state. It is clear that this view is in direct conflict with the Constitution, which is an instrument, above all, for limiting the functions of government, and which is as binding today as when it was written. We are advised to go a step further and ask why the Constitution's framers restricted the scope of government. Conservatives are often charged, and in a sense rightly so, with having an overly mechanistic view of the Constitution. It is America's enabling document. We are American citizens. Therefore, the Conservatives' theme runs, we are morally and legally obliged to comply with the document. All true. But the Constitution has a broader claim on our loyalty than that. The Founding Fathers had a reason for endorsing the principle of limited government, and this reason recommends defense of the constitutional scheme even to those who take their citizenship obligations lightly. The reason is simple, and it lies at the heart of the Conservative philosophy. Throughout history, government has proved to be the chief instrument for thwarting man's liberty. Government represents power in the hands of some men to control and regulate the lives of other men, and power, as Lord Acton said, corrupts men. Absolute power, he added, corrupts absolutely. State power, considered in the abstract, need not restrict freedom, but absolute state power always does. The legitimate functions of government are actually conducive to freedom, maintaining internal order, keeping foreign foes at bay, administering justice, removing obstacles to the free interchange of goods. The exercise of these powers makes it possible for men to follow their chosen pursuits with maximum freedom. But note that the very instrument by which these desirable ends are achieved can be the instrument for achieving undesirable ends that government can, instead of extending freedom, restrict freedom. And note, secondly, that the can quickly becomes will the moment the holders of government power are left to their own devices. This is because of the corrupting influence of power, the natural tendency of men who possess some power to take unto themselves more power. The tendency leads eventually to the acquisition of all power, whether in the hands of one or many, makes little difference to the freedom of those left on the outside. Such, then, is history's lesson, which Messers Atchison and Larson evidently did not read. Release the holders of state power from any restraints other than those they wish to impose upon themselves, and you are swinging down the well-traveled road to absolutism. The framers of the Constitution had learned the lesson. They were not only students of history but victims of it. They knew from vivid personal experience that freedom depends on effective restraints against the accumulation of power in a single authority. And that is what the Constitution is, a system of restraints against the natural tendency of government to expand in the direction of absolutism. We all know the main components of the system. First is the limitation of the federal government's authority to specific delegated powers. The second, a corollary of the first, is the reservation to the states and the people of all power not delegated to the federal government. The third is a careful division of the federal government's power among three separate branches. The fourth is a prohibition against impetuous alteration of the system, namely Article V's torturous but wise amendment procedures. Was it then a democracy the framers created? Hardly. The system of restraints on the face of it was directed not only against individual tyrants, but also against a tyranny of the masses. The framers were well aware of the danger posed by self-seeking demagogues, that they might persuade a majority of the people to confer on government vast powers a turn for deceptive promises of economic gain. And so they forbade such a transfer of power, first by declaring in effect that certain activities are outside the natural and legitimate scope of the public authority, and secondly, by dispersing public authority among several levels and branches of government in the hope that each seat of authority, jealous of its own prerogatives, would have a natural incentive to resist aggression by the others. The framers were not visionaries. They knew that rules of government, however brilliantly calculated to cope with the imperfect nature of man, however carefully designed to avoid the pitfalls of power, would be no match for men who were determined to disregard them. In the last analysis, their system of government would prosper only if the governed were sufficiently determined that it should. What have you given us a woman asked Ben Franklin toward the close of the Constitutional Convention? A republic, he said, if you can keep it. We have not kept it. The Atchisons and Larson's have had their way. The system of restraint has fallen into disrepair. The federal government has moved into every field in which it believes its services are needed. The state governments are either excluded from their rightful functions by federal preemption, or they are allowed to act at the sufferance of the federal government. Inside the federal government, both the executive and judicial branches have roamed far outside their constitutional boundary lines, and all of these things have come to pass without regard to the amendment procedures prescribed by Article 5. The result is a leviathan, a vast national authority out of touch with the people and out of their control. This monolith of power is bounded only by the will of those who sit in high places. How did it happen? How did our national government grow from a servant with sharply limited powers into a master with virtually unlimited power? In part, we were swindled. There are occasions when we have elevated men and political parties to power that promised to restore limited government and then proceeded after their election to expand the activities of government. But let us be honest with ourselves. Broken promises are not the major cause of our trouble. Kept promises are. All too often we have put men in office who have suggested spending a little more on this, a little more on that, who have proposed a new welfare program, who have thought of another variety of security. We have taken the bait, preferring to put off to another day the recapture of freedom and the restoration of our constitutional system. We have gone the way of many a democratic society that has lost its freedom by persuading itself that if the people rule, all is well. The Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville, probably the most clairvoyant political observer of modern times, saw the danger when he visited this country in the 1830s. Even then he foresaw decay for a society that tended to put more emphasis on its democracy than on its republicanism. He predicted that America would produce not tyrants but guardians, and that the American people would console themselves for being in tutelage by the reflection that they have chosen their own guardians. Every man allows himself to be put in lead strings because he sees that it is not a person nor a class of persons, but the people at large that hold the end of his chain. Our tendency to concentrate power in the hands of a few men deeply concerns me. We can be conquered by bombs or by subversion, but we can also be conquered by neglect, by ignoring the constitution and disregarding the principles of limited government. Our defenses against the accumulation of unlimited power in Washington are in poor shape, I fear, than our defenses against the aggressive designs of Moscow. Like so many other nations before us, we may succumb through internal weakness rather than fall before a foreign foe. I am convinced that most Americans now want to reverse the trend. I think that concern for our vanishing freedoms is genuine. I think that the people's uneasiness in the stifling omnipresence of government has turned into something approaching alarm, but bemoaning the evil will not drive it back and accusing fingers will not shrink government. The turn will come when we entrust the conduct of our affairs to men who understand that their first duty as public officials is to divest themselves of the power they have been given. It will come when Americans, in hundreds of communities throughout the nation, decide to put the man in office who is pledged to enforce the constitution and restore the republic. Who will proclaim in a campaign speech, I have little interest in streamlining government or making it more efficient, for I mean to reduce its size. I do not undertake to promote welfare for I propose to extend freedom. My aim is not to pass laws but to repeal them. It is not to inaugurate new programs but to cancel old ones that do violence to the Constitution or that have failed in their purpose or that impose on the people an unwarranted financial burden. I will not attempt to discover whether legislation is needed before I have first determined whether it is constitutionally permissible. And if I should later be attacked for neglecting my constituents' interests, I shall reply that I was informed their main interest is liberty and that in that cause I am doing the very best I can. That was Barry Goldwater's The Conscience of a Conservative Part 1. Find more classics of liberty at libertarianism.org.


What's up everyone it's your girl Kenzie here from Layton Sports Guards and I am ripping a few boxes here for Sean D We've got eight 2022 Bowman baseball sapphire edition boxes. All right, Sean. Thanks so much for hopping back in best of luck Here we go. See what we can get you on gellis first anthony rodriguez Ruff fellow first and aggy are first Jeter downs we've got aqua first john kenzie noel the 55 nice hit there for you, Sean john kenzie noel And first auto aqua to 99 luka trash Great. Oh, we'll make that one too great pack here, Sean luka trash 32 of 99 aqua auto Make that one as well. I had a luka trash base right behind it I'll attack cariata hernandez alvin guzman first and jay allen first Nunez alejandro pa first Rays sespediz and backstrom first couser amador jose ramels first and justice thompson first bendy amen bailey first garret michael robert domingas and christian roa alcoesta jr. Sanchez first vargas and decastro Last pack of box one Muziotti first maricio emmanuel rodriguez and colson montgomery This first box there with the back-to-back aquas south frailic salinas first michael triana first and blaze jordan curtis mead first tyler sodastrom estavan machado first and jason domingas Jeremy vargas first. We've got luka trash to 25 on the purple There you go, shan. Get some nice treasures coming your way We'll mag that and a bendy amen bailey first auto white socks frail and minor first other nice pack there venezuela first on jorbit vivas first prisciato and bobbywood jr alvarez vera aswaldo cabrera first and ian louis first valesco is first hebert perez louise gonzalez first and valera jordan lawlor a quintana first washington pedro leon and valerio first andremendez first samod taylor first joshua bayez first and jack suynski first all first out of that one box three urbina we've got first awkward of 55 of adrian sugeisty darin baker first and sugeisty first again look waddle first brian bellow first brady allen first and adley jordan walker brennan davis john kenzie noelle first and edwardo lopez austin martin a brelan haraba first luciano and edger caro first tork louise verdugo first schalen falonco and trace weenie first alan serda first denser guzman first a riccardo jenovez first auto giants jenovis for your uh next auto there shon and jose rodriguez first lorenzo first louise rodriguez james wood first nice one there and blaze jordan see another wood auto for you polio rodriguez isak pacheco zack veen and michael triana all right box number four picro armstrong a warming burnabelle first auto rockies nice sit there shon we'll mag the warming for you lizaraga and a harry ford cheater downs anthony rodriguez first nicocavadas first and cj abrams fernandez alvin guzman first uh angeles first and agar first alejandro p a cespadas viego carriada and a rafela first amador nunyes j allen and lucatres first garret michel robert domingas first colton calcer and backstrom first alexander vargas venyamin bailey first we've got orange for the rays helberto hernandez 44 out of 50 on the orange and justice thomas first thompson thomas last pack of box four rodriguez ocosta junior sanchez first anna jose ramos first dodgers box five a big colorado let's see a red pad for asha jose salas elisha tautis first we've got matt frasier first and esco first robbie martin jr we've got uh aqua to 55 edger caro first urabel angeles first auto padres nice angelas and max mozzi victor labrata first finel montero first dustin harris first and a nolasko first peton wilson first tristan casas louis and sosa first and mesalcon zones first martinez ed Howard will Wagner first and eddie's liner first dodgers feguero iverson averson ortega first christian hernandez and pedro canada louis matos alcantara jackson chariot first and a vera first i'll do it first ellie delacruz first ellie at ramos and benny Montgomery box six here for ishaan lip waddle first brady allen first tree sweeney first and edger quarrell first first biker brennan davis john kenzie noelle we've got aqua necks first rockies robbie martin jr at 55 51 at 55 and shaylon polanco brahlin haraba first marco luciano jordan walker and jose robriguez first torque louis verdugo first cubs austin martin and blaze jordan guzman first a philips of valerio first auto brewers that'll be your next auto there for ishaan brew crew hit jason demingas and michael triano first we rod james wood first padres allen serda first and brahlin minier first pacheco zac vene lorenzo first and bobby witt jr last pack of box six here ishaan estevin machado salinas first polio rodriguez and ian louis first all right box seven box seven here again everyone i'm going to try my best to get through everyone in q if not it will rip tomorrow night after group breaks with kaleb and sam a robbie martin jr first we have orange first of darin baker to 50 47 of 50 washington eddie's Leonard first and mesal gonzalez first dustin harris first jose solace we've got aqua first auto to 99 dory lorenzo astros first auto and will we're first louis osa first victor labrata first phyton montero and a pedro canada ed howard patin wilson first tristan cosas and vera first christian hernandez or Elvis martinez roberto compost first and benny Montgomery jackson charrillo first leo verpa guero a um artega first and daryl lopez first ellie ramos louis matos out kevin alcantara and asu gasey first last pack box seven fran aldewee first ellie dale cruise we've got purple first pardries victor lizard raga at a 25 12 of 25 there for ishaan and darin baker first all right and box number eight box eight empty here bina we've got purple first patin wilson two of 25 of some nice royals cards uh been hitting today for ishaan uh sukezy first and robber compost first we got a red coming up brady allen first brian bellow first red twins first auto brian we will mag that one for you and darryl lopez first stereo lopez let's go brennan davis john kenzie noelle first luke waddle first and darin baker first uh jabara first luciano jordan walker and adlie rushman louis verdugo first austin martin edgar quero first and lopez first allen serda first torque denser guzman first and trace weenie first darry lorenzo first louis rodriguez a james wood first and shalen polanco and last pack here for you shon julio rodriguez isaac pacheco zack veen and a jose rodriguez all right shon that'll do it for your eat boxes thanks again for hopping back and we do appreciate all your orders and we'll get these right out to you


English idioms for personality and character from espressoenglish.net 1. Armchair critic Someone who makes comments or criticisms about a situation in which they aren't taking any action to help solve the problem. Imagine a person sitting in a big, comfortable armchair and making criticisms without getting up and taking action. 2. Busy body Someone who constantly wants to know about or interfere in other people's lives. For example, my aunt is such a busy body. She's always asking nosy questions about my love life. 3. Cheap skate Someone who hates to spend money, even when spending money is needed. John bought his mother a $5 gift for her birthday.  Another way to describe someone who hates spending money is stingy. 4.   Turn off the TV and go get some exercise. 5. Down to earth Someone who is practical, sensible, and realistic. I like working with Janet because she's so down to earth. Her plans and expectations are very reasonable.  6. Behind the times Or fuddy duddy, someone who is old fashioned and has not adopted modern customs. My dad doesn't have an email address. He's a little behind the times. Fuddy duddy is a more negative word. It is more of a criticism, whereas behind the times is more diplomatic. 7.  You can't just wait for opportunities to be handed to you. You need to be more of a go-getter. 8. Goody Goody Or Goody Two Shoes Someone who always acts good, sweet, or nice and follows the rules perfectly. Harry was a Goody Two Shoes in high school, but when she went to college she turned into a real rebel. The words Goody Goody and Goody Two Shoes are not compliments. They have the connotation of a person who always acts good and is a little bit arrogant about it, showing off their perfect behavior. An idiom for describing someone as good without this connotation of arrogance is a good egg. 9. Know it all, smart aleck or wise guy, someone who thinks they know everything and that their opinions or ideas are the best. I tried to give advice, but my know it all co-worker wouldn't even listen. The idiom's smart aleck and wise guy are similar, but imply that the person demonstrates their cleverness in an arrogant or sarcastic way. 10. A man of his word A woman of her word is a person you can trust because they tell the truth and keep their promises. If Gary said he'll be there at six o'clock, you can count on it. He's a man of his word. 11. Mover and shaker An active person who helps their company, organization, or group make progress. Martha is the mover and shaker in the department. She's always got ideas to help move things forward. 12. A person who is set in his or her ways is stubborn and committed to their current way of doing things. I showed my boss the benefits of this new strategy, but he's set in his ways and doesn't want to change. 13.  Harry dumped Kate and immediately started trying to hook up with her 16-year-old sister. What a slimeball! A person can be described as a slimeball in any context, not only romantic relationships. This word can be used for anybody who did an especially terrible, dishonest, or violent action. 14. Social butterfly An extroverted person who loves to socialize with many people.  Like a butterfly goes quickly from flower to flower, a social butterfly often goes around a room having conversations with many people. 15. A stickler for the rules is someone who strongly insists on something and wants or expects others to maintain the same standard. Clean up the classroom after you're done with your project. The teacher's a stickler for neatness. People are usually sticklers for some rule of correctness such as neatness or cleanliness, punctuality, correct grammar, tradition, accuracy, etc. 16. Wet blanket Someone who discourages or prevents fun or enjoyment for other people through negative actions or attitudes. Other idioms for this type of person include party pooper, spoil sport, killjoy, and a stick in the mud. 17. Worry wart Someone who worries constantly and excessively. My mother's such a worry wart that if I don't call her every day, she starts imagining I've been killed in a horrible accident. To learn 260 common English idioms used in everyday spoken English, get the English Idioms e-book. You can download a free sample chapter in the link under this video. Thanks for watching English Tips from Espresso English. If you liked this video, please share it.