Hello everyone, I'm Narc survivor Welcome to my YouTube channel in another live video Speak it about the chosen ones God will isolate the chosen ones You will go through a period of isolation And I'm not saying this to scare you But to intimidate you Or to make you worry about what could happen to you That's not why I'm saying this at all I'm saying this to prepare you for what is about to happen Because if you are a chosen one God will isolate you if he hasn't already If you know what I'm talking about or if you want to hear more Hit that thumbs up button down below show your support Hit subscribe click on notifications to be notified when I upload a new video Don't forget that you can book a one-on-one with me by going to my website. It is narcseviper.co.uk Now let's get into this message God will isolate the chosen ones Now why will he isolate the chosen ones? What is the reason for that? What is the purpose of it? I can tell you that the reason and the purpose for it is because that is exactly what you wanted It's what you want. It's what you desire. It's the result that you expect Do you may think why would I want to be separated isolated from other people? Why would I not want to have friendships relationships? Things that could benefit me and Opportunities for me to benefit someone else Why would I not want that? Why would that not be good for me? It's what you might be thinking What you got to understand Is that As a chosen one You don't want to be around dysfunctional people You don't want to be around people who are toxic Everything they do is the opposite of normal. They'll have fights, drama, chaos Problems Yeah, that's what they're into. That's what they're about and you're not about that at all because you've got a chosen one You're about far greater things than that So you don't want to be caught up in all of those problems You want to be involved in something that's good that's beneficial for you That's going to make you happier better greater. It's going to support you on your mission on your purpose instead of bringing you down That's what you want And this is why god it will isolate you Because that is what you want. You don't want to be around toxic and dysfunctional people I don't know what you may be thinking Well, as I've said in past videos not everyone in the world is bad. We do have some good people out here as well So if god is going to isolate you How will you ever come into contact with those types of people? People who are healthy people who are functional I mean you got to think once you're being around all of these toxic people It kind of makes you toxic just like them Although not completely the same and also when you're isolated you're alone The frustration can build up that as well You may not be feeling too good about yourself But just look at me at how I get on here Despite everything that I go throughout in the world and yet I still Because I know there's chosen ones watching this right now And that's so I can get on here with the positive mindset no matter what it doesn't matter what's going on in my life I'm never going to get on here mad I'm never going to get on here Being upset at any of you My you-too family my chosen ones that's never going to happen And I never speak bad about the chosen ones or any of my viewers even when I'm offline I would never do that or remain loyal no matter what Because I know that there will be a time where god brings us all together after this life And I know that we're all on the same Showing we have the same values at the same beliefs And that's how you know When you get around the chosen one in real life It doesn't matter if god has isolated you a true chosen one an empath will still Manage to come around you They will still be able to become a part of your life Because it's what you want and god has given us free will God will give us what we want And he will keep away from us what we don't want And I know that what I was alone I was so lonely I was so lost I didn't know what to do And I just felt completely down on my life Someone to come into my space And raise up my energy Make me feel a little bit better And that's exactly what happened Because even though god had isolated me at that time Kept away all of these toxic and dysfunctional people The one type of person he's never going to keep away from you Is someone who can lift you up Because as a chosen one of gods You're never going to be so bad that a chosen one an empath can't come into your life and raise you up And I've seen it I've seen it my own life When I encountered chosen ones of gods And just as them being around me I then make an eye contact This transfer of energy it made me feel like I could do anything in this world It made me look around and feel like This world That's exactly how it made me feel It made me feel Like a man A warrior a champion It made me feel like a beast But when you get around toxic and dysfunctional People It just makes you want to walk around with your head down.  It gives you strength. It makes you feel like you can take on the world It raises your spirits It makes you feel like you got everything you need To become the best version of yourself that you need to be And I'm speaking of this from experience because I have experienced it already a few times And it is quite an incredible feeling It's difficult for me to even put it into words exactly how it felt in that moment But as far as I can remember it The best that I can describe It was just like this Fire inside of me In that moment it made me feel like a man Like I was on a mission like I knew my role.   I understand The women who are watching this who have been involved with narcissistic men Of course you don't want to submit to someone like that Someone who Just talks and acts like they're doing this or doing that They pretend like they got all of this potential, but they never actually do anything It's just all illusions and fantasies And yet they're so arrogant. Of course you don't want to submit to someone like that But the women who are watching this when you get around a male who is a chosen one at an empath You're going to compliment each other's energy You're going to make him feel like he's the man That he can lead That he can And that he is allowed to feel confident in that moment In himself and his abilities And his qualities He has everything he needs to be the man that he needs to be And I know the choice once again part of a women who are watching this You know that that is your role and that is what you want to be for a man And of course you will submit to a man like that You will follow his lead Because you know That that is beneficial for you as well And together you can build together You can grow and become the best versions of yourself Because I do believe that that is what we came here to be I see we got some talks about religion there in the live chat William Burns is speaking about Jesus Christ. And then we got Nadar Zal speaking more about Islam As I mentioned in a past video, I will go into that again Although I do kind of for these kind of messages As it can be quite easy to offend someone Especially in a live video like this, I prefer to pre-record These kinds of things because these kinds of messages are very important But I will express my beliefs right now on this topic As someone who has been involved in researched many religions, I was born as a Christian I have also Studied the Quran, I've read the entire book And other religions as well. I'm quite into Buddhism now as well And I've been to many different countries that explored Their religious beliefs Their religious traditions And what I would say is that I think that there is A common theme among most religions Where certain things May be misinterpreted And it's all about Turning people against each other And at some point We've just got to think, I mean I think we can all agree This universe Has been created Even science reveals that 16 billion years ago or whatever it was That is when the universe was created And of course for something to be created Something must have created it And that means Whatever created it It's God It's that higher power And I think that is the belief that we all share And although We may have differing beliefs about what the physical form is And what that actually looks like I mean also Even when we talk about I'm just going to walk up a year because There's some people screaming at me there But yeah, this is quite an important message I want to deliver it properly But as I was saying If we talk about Jesus As Christians believe in Prophet Muhammad as Muslims believe in Hinduism, there's Ganesh Vishnu, Krishna There's many gods in Hinduism Buddhism, there's the Buddha Of course they don't believe in Buddha as a god One thing that's really in common In all of these religions Is that We don't actually know what the physical form Of these people was I mean there's There's a lot of disputes about it Like just Jesus as an example Clearly he was From The Middle East Potentially he was an African man And yet around the world now he's portrayed As a man with white skin and brown hair And sometimes with blue eyes And if you look back at the origins Of Christianity In the earlier churches It shows him with dark skin And dark hair As an African man Now that's just one example Similar to what he said For other religions as well The Prophet Muhammad With Islam Moses With Judaism And Even the Buddha Of Buddhism And then the gods of Hinduism as well So even the people who believe In those religions No one really agrees On a very specific Physical representation of what they look like So I do believe That the most important thing Is The intention that we have in our hearts To do good and to believe In what we believe created us Because We can ever be sure In this world I mean just look at the world around us There's so much hypocrisy There's so much brainwashing So many lies So how do we know what's being passed down From the people above us The authorities Whether they are the authorities In some kind of community Religions How do we know that they are telling the truth We don't And we may never know One thing we can know is what we have In our hearts Our beliefs In that we do believe In a creator That's the one thing that we Can be confident in So those are my beliefs Those are what I believe in I didn't really want to Express this In a live video I mean I prefer to talk about it in a pre-recorded video Because I know a lot of people when it comes to religion It's kind of funny when you think about it But it's the truth I don't know a lot of you relate to this When it comes to religion A lot of people make it about their egos It's always like Though I'm more important than you are My beliefs are right Yours are wrong That's always how they see it When religion was never meant to be About our egos If anything religion was meant to be About letting go of the ego And connecting to our souls And yet religions now They've been misinterpreted in a way Where it is all about ego It's all about My religion is best I'm right, you're wrong Even in Islam there's 73 different sects At some point We have to realise What was The Core origins of religion In the first place What was it meant to be about It was never about division Separation It was meant to be about people With shared values and beliefs Coming together And yet at some point along the way Egos got involved And then it was all about which religion Was first Who was the last prophet And I'm not saying That some religions are wrong Some religions are right I'm not saying that at all I think the most important thing Is what we feel In our hearts And that we have this love Towards our creator And that doesn't mean that you have to Know the physical representation Of the creator Or To connect it to this world Just having that awareness That the creator is there And I myself do not believe That the creator is like Hidden somewhere in the sky Of course I do believe that this is In a separate dimension In my research there are 11 dimensions And the 11th dimension is the core dimension And according to spirituality We are now moving into the 5th dimension But I can see There are a lot of offensive people Comments to the like chat There will be rebuying them So there can be A more peaceful environment For us to speak about this But yeah I just wanted to Express what I think What I believe about this I support all religions As long as it's about peace But people coming together Sharing the same values and beliefs About functionality What works But things are peaceful Not toxic If it's about that Then there's nothing wrong with that at all To me You will isolate the chosen ones And you may often isolate You from other religious people as well Because let's keep it real No matter what religion you're from There's narcissists in the church There's narcissists in the mosque There's narcissists in the buddhist temples There's narcissists everywhere Everywhere you go They're there They're constantly trying to push their beliefs On to you And tell you what to think Tell you what to believe And you can't get away from it Because the world is there This is why God will isolate you And if you're not seeing it right now You will see it very soon And when you experience This period of isolation It can be very powerful I could tell you that I experienced Isolation for almost three years And it changed my life It changed everything about me And even Following two years after that I spent most of my time alone Then as well And you can look back Over the last two years on this channel And see my spiritual growth I am a completely Different man To who I was In the live videos When I first began this channel And you can take a look back Anytime and see the hours Of video content You can see my journey along the way To see how much I've grown In my isolation So it really is a powerful thing You're not going to learn much When you're around other people It's only when you're by yourself That's when you're going to grow And yes it may feel Uncomfortable at first But that's where we Find the most growth It's when we're out of our comfort zone If you feel comfortable You are not growing You're not developing that strength Of character You can't just relax And feel comfortable your entire life If you do that You're only ever going to stay the same You've got to feel the discomfort You've got to learn You've got to grow And yes At times you may feel afraid But you've just got to feel the fear And do it anyway Do it anyway otherwise You're just going to stay In your comfort zone And you're never going to grow You're going to stay the same Just like a narcissist They try to stay in their comfort zones They never take accountability They deflate the shame On to everyone else And that's how you can leave them alone Come back after 10, 20 years And they're still going to be exactly the same They're not going to change at all Don't let it be that way for you Don't be afraid to get out there And to Confront yourself And take accountability Personal growth And development This is why God will isolate us There's not going to be any Personal growth or development While you are around and under the influence Of other people Unless of course they're going in the same direction as you Otherwise you've got to cut them off This is why God will isolate you From them Because as long as you're around toxic And dysfunctional people all of the time You can't grow Those ones, other empaths They're going in the same direction as you're going In They make you feel good about yourself They feel your self-belief Feelings or emotions when you are around them It tells you everything that you need to know And it will tell you if they can Join you On your journey of self-growth But most people I can tell you They're not built for that They're not built for that at all But just that separation And being by yourself It will provide you With the calmness The tranquility that you need Because that's when you will begin to grow In an environment where things are calm Things are stable Yes there may be a bit of discomfort But you know you're on the path that you need to be You know that there's going to be growth on your journey It's not just going to be pushing you back again And again This is why God will isolate you from those types of people Because all they're ever going to do Is find As many ways as they possibly can To get you to doubt yourself To get you to take steps back When you are around them It's never going to be about progressing Advancing, taking steps forwards They want you to stay in the same place Or they want you to move back This is why you can't be around those types of people This is why you've got to be by yourself And yes sometimes People will come into your life Posing as though they are chosen ones As though they are in paths And yet they'll never actually do Anything for you Other than take your validation Maybe your money and resources as well Because that's all that they really want Because they're not true chosen ones They're not true empaths They're fraudsters They're imposters A true chosen one A true empath Is in the trenches Every day Doing what they can To inspire and motivate you To guide you on your journey To support you These fake chosen ones And empaths they're not doing that If anything they're just holding you down That's really their purpose Is just to hold you down To prevent you from advancing It's like a crab It's in the bucket of mentality Because they know they're not going where you're going They know that they can't progress like you can But when you meet a true chosen One, a true empath You will recognize the difference Because you won't be dealing with illusions anymore You won't be dealing with lies And future faking Medipulation Just pulling on your heart strings Playing on your emotions You won't be dealing with none of that What you will be dealing with is Consistent action Things will actually come into fruition They will actually take the steps To make it a reality To be able to notice the difference Because when you get around The fake empaths, the fake chosen ones I've been involved with them myself And they will just string you along Deep down they are narcissists And you can wait around for years As your life just deteriorates By being around them And then again they'll just blame you They're not going to take accountability Because they're not true chosen ones They're not true empaths Some of them they've been gaslighting themselves Their entire lives Yes, there are many COVID narcissists out there Who do think that they're chosen ones They're empaths They haven't got any empathy for anyone Just look at how they've treated you And this is why God will isolate you Because he doesn't want you to be around fake people Attention seekers Attention hordes They're really just knob jockies They're constantly just On your case Not leaving you alone They just want more and more of your attention Your validation They never want to put in the work It's always you who's doing that God does not want you to be around people like that Where it's just you Putting in the effort You're doing all of the work You're breaking your back You're bending over backwards For people who don't even deserve it They don't even deserve your love They don't deserve your devotion What they do deserve Is your absence And trust and believe that they will Feel it They feel when you're not there That's why most of them They always come back They'll always try to find some reason Or excuse to come back to you Unless you make it very clear to them No, I'm not having it I'm not tolerating you anymore I realize That I deserve better I deserve more I deserve someone who can reciprocate What I'm putting out Because I know my worth But when you're dealing with narcissists This is the crazy thing about it as well Is that They view you as an extension of them And as an object that exists to serve them And they actually Separate Your qualities, abilities, achievements Just everything positive about you They separate it from you And they feel entitled to it As though it's something that they can take and possess for themselves They don't see it as though that's a part of you And that's why they don't value or respect you Because they don't see it as though Everything that makes you who you are belongs to you They see it as though it's up for grabs As though it's for the taking They're not looking at it as though that's yours As crazy as that sounds This is actually how they see it That's how when you get around them They can so easily just imitate you And take on your qualities and interests As though they're like that As though they've been that way all along When again it's just whatever they think Makes them seem desirable Whatever they think gets them that validation They're looking for Because they have these unmet emotional needs from childhood And then they view you as this authority figure So they're going to get that validation from you They're like knob jockeys, a lot of them Honestly And at some point just going to be like Alright, get off my D Nothing's happening to you There's no reciprocation You're giving nothing back to me I'm just putting out I'm putting in the work Hopefully by that point It should click and you should get it That you're not around a true chosen one A true empath Because if you were then what you're putting out You would be getting that back But everything you put out With these types of people All of the energy, the validation It just goes into avoid And never comes back Because there's nothing inside of them They have no inner sense of argument But I myself I want to be a good representation I want to be a good role model For other empaths and chosen ones out there Because I know what it means to be an empath And a chosen one These devils, these demonically possessed People get around you They're going to cause you to lose belief in yourself They're going to make you feel like You're not good enough You can't accomplish anything No matter what you do It's never good, it's never right You're not going to have that experience With a true empath, a true chosen one You're going to have the opposite experience They're going to help you to believe Even more in yourself You're going to develop that confidence You're going to feel like you can accomplish anything You can take on the world That's how they're going to make you feel When you're around these demonically possessed people They're not even real When you're around them They're only going to bring you down They're going to make you feel insecure They're going to make you doubt yourself And it's not like they're giving constructive criticism They're always just taking jabs They're trying to take away from you Because you're a chosen one You have something to take away from That's why they devalue you Because there's value for them to take away As a chosen one and an empath myself I want to motivate and inspire you I want to increase your self-belief I want to make you feel like you can accomplish anything And I want to support you on your mission The reality is that most people are not going there with us They do not believe in themselves That's why they're so pessimistic when they're around you They don't believe in themselves So they can't believe in you All they can do is make you doubt yourself Make you feel like you're not good enough And that's how the isolation is so refreshing and rewarding It's amazing feeling when you get some time by yourself I mean, you may feel a bit lonely in the beginning And I get that Once you begin to disconnect the energetic cords Between you and these fake narcissistic people That's when you begin to arise That's when you begin to acquire more of your energy Because then you're no longer just giving it out to them When you get around these types of people And your energy is going in ten different directions They've all attached these energetic cords to you And then you can't even think clearly You can't think logically Because they're getting you to attach your energy to them And then they're feeding off it Which is why when God isolates you and you take some time to yourself Then you can replenish that energy You can replenish your value You can't do that around them They're only ever going to keep you down And as I've spoken about in one of my early videos You may have been at the bottom of the mountain And then you found the strength to climb to the top You left them all behind, all of them demonically possessed All of the fake people, all of the narcissists But then once you climb to the peak they get jealous They feel like you've left them behind Like they're missing out Because they can't climb up there So then their mission becomes to pull you back down I've asked the crazy thing about it Once they've pulled you back down to where they're at Then their next goal is to trick you into thinking that the bottom's better This is the place to be This is where you can have a good time, you can have fun I spoke about this in one of my earliest videos Can't remember the name of the video right now It's one of my earlier ones, I would say it is one of my best But that's what it's like You're not going to be feeling good about yourself Feeling confident, at the top of your game They're going to be there, they're going to be supporting you That's never going to happen They've got to level the playing field They've got to bring you down to their level And only then can they feel comfortable And they're only comfortable because they've attached these energetic chords to you To where they're leaching off your energy like a parasite This is why we've got to go through the isolation You can't be around these types of people Because they're no good for us Their emotions are contagious Negative emotions are more contagious Negative emotions are more contagious than positive emotions They really are So you get around them and then their negative emotions begin to rub off on you And you begin to experience it like it's your own And that was not how you felt before This is why God will isolate the chosen ones But don't worry because Even when you're guarded It's isolated and you're on your own A true chosen one A true empath They will find a way through your walls They will find a way to disarm you Kind of to catch you off guard But in the way that you might like And they will do it naturally It's not manipulation It's just naturally how they are They carry this innocence That is very playful people This mist melts away those walls It's where you then feel more comfortable You feel like you can be yourself around this person Whereas when you're around narcissists and toxic people You just want to run in the opposite direction Once you become more awake and more aware of it So don't worry about it Even if you're isolated A person, a chosen one They will come to you And you will recognise it, you will feel it It will just feel right For that at the same time Don't be waiting around for it Because you don't need it What you do need is To use the isolation for your own growth and development To follow your purpose To raise your vibration And in return, raise the vibration of those around you As a result of doing that While you're doing that It's going to make you more attractive to other chosen ones as well They will sense it and they will feel drawn to you Narcissists, they will be repelled away from you In some ways They won't want to be around you for long periods of time They won't come around you sometimes Just to get that validation To steal your energy And then they'll run off and go back to the hole where they belong Like I've said before, this analogy They're like a mouse That comes out of the hole in the wall Because they smell that there's a bit of cheese on the floor So they run out of the hole in the wall They grab the cheese And then they go back to the hole where they belong Sounds a bit like talks of people You can't build with them, you can't grow with them They just come around you to take what they can get And then they go back to where they belong And that's why we need to go back to where we belong An isolation God will isolate us We will return to ourselves To our inner strength, our inner power We will become better, greater and stronger Alright, thank you all for joining me On another Chosen Ones Live video If you found this video helpful Please give it a thumbs up down below Let me know what you thought about it In the comment section Hit subscribe and click all notifications To be notified when I upload a new video If you would like to make a donation To our community You can leave a super chat, the live chat A super thanks in the comment section Or you can go to my PayPal It is PayPal.me And if you would like to book a one-man coaching session With me You can go to my website It is Narcseviver.co.uk And also you can follow me on Instagram I've got new pictures and videos My travels, my uploads, my stories Everyday on there Follow me on Instagram It is Narcseviver YouTube Thank you all for joining me On another Chosen Ones Live video I appreciate all of you And I look forward to speaking with you again In another Chosen Ones Live video very soon


You guys keep asking and asking and asking Frank what type of routine do you follow Frank what's your workout and to your possible surprise it's a full body routine and to me it makes sense it's the most obvious one the goal of body building is to take the muscle to failure as frequently as possible and a full body routine does just that every single day for now I'd like to explain how I came about doing a full body routine so before we get started you know I don't have an educational background in sports physiology outside of my personal training certification but I will say in regards to bodybuilding I think most of the experience most of the education all the practical has to be obtained in the gym itself listen you want to do sports medicine work with like professional NBA team do some type of chiropractic stuff that's a whole different story bodybuilding I don't really look at people's credentials I look at what they look like and I like to think my physique I've obtained through my personal experience as a 100% lifetime natural is a testament to my advice especially in the short span of time you don't read a book as a body builder you lift weights my training history is fairly typical except unlike most people I listen to my body I was open-minded I gauge my response to the various routines I've been on you know when I was a teenager in high school I had a barbell in my garage to do bench press deadlifts and squats this led me to doing a 5x5 routine which certainly worked initially and I can't remember specifically what I was bench pressing but it was around 200 pounds when I was 16 or 17 and I don't think I was squatting and I don't recall my deadlift but pretty average mediocre numbers I mean for a teenager they were great you know bench press around 200 pounds squat around 250 and then deadlift around 300 at the time I thought bench pressing a lot of weight was cool but I plateaued so hard after getting to a two-plate bench press I think I spent months and months and months almost a year doing the same weight I tried eating more food and I wasn't making any progress eventually causing me to cave into a higher volume bodybuilding routine you know you would go to these powerlifting forums and these people would just say oh you're not eating enough just keep at it you'll break the plateau but I was only bench pressing you know 200 pounds for five reps and I was stuck it didn't make any sense so I moved on to the classic chest Monday back Tuesday legs Wednesday shoulders Thursday arms Friday and the weekend off this was accompanied with me moving from my garage gym to getting a gym membership out of local New York sports club and that worked for a lot of years most of my bodybuilding experience actually probably five or six years I made a lot of progress on that classic bro split training routine and I was at my peak strength doing that but my focus on strength kept me from maximizing my hypertrophy potential the most I benched was 245 for 10 reps I dead lifted around four plates and I never really squatted heavy or worked legs my peak body weight was 185 pounds you know I wish I had some pictures but I don't think I was really that well developed and symmetrical you know I would assume my upper back was really underdeveloped rear delts you know just had big chest big arms probably some postural and balance issues as well so it got to the point where I'd been weightlifting for like six or seven years and I was spending two hours a day in the gym I was getting more and more miserable I was like why want to be a bodybuilder what's the point of this I'm not gonna take steroids so I took a break and I took about two years off I lost pretty much all the muscle I was down to like 130 135 pounds I didn't even have abs anymore and that was probably from about late 2012 to early 2015 and I had an itch to get back into weightlifting because fitness got popular again I don't know if you guys remember but you know ten years ago working out was not popular and you know around five six years ago is when fitness really started blowing up on YouTube on Instagram men's physique competitions all that type of stuff so I definitely got an itch and in 2015 I started working out again this time you know older more intelligent more aware of my body and you know when I went to do chess I noticed my shoulders and triceps were getting work so I was like all right why not do you know shoulders and triceps with chest you know why am I waiting until Thursday and Friday to do shoulders and arms same thing happens with back you know my biceps and forms were getting work so I decided to do those with back as well so I went from that classic bro split to chest shoulders triceps Monday back biceps forms Tuesday calves and cardio Wednesday and then I rested one or two days and repeated the routine I mean all I really work was upper body and calves so compared to the original bro split I basically doubled the volume for those muscle groups and people might initially be turned off to a routine like that because they're really sore how do you do that much volume but if you do it for a week or two or three your muscles are able to recover more rapidly and you get used to it and then the same thing happened again just like I went from the bro split to like a push pull one day off thing I was like well I'm working my shoulders on chest day so why not do rear delts and hey why not do back as well and that graduated to the full body routine so I would do chest back shoulders triceps biceps forms calves all in one day I never really worked out my legs but I did just started doing some glutes recently over the past few months you know my routine used to take me anywhere from 45 minutes to an hour in the gym now it takes a little bit longer so I started doing this full body routine three to four days per week and the way I was able to do so many muscle groups so frequently you know literally doing five six seven muscles in one day is because I reduced the weight and rest time so I would do two to three exercises in the time someone normally does one you know imagine you go to do that flat bench press you do a set rest two minutes do a set you know you're spending six seven eight minutes on bench press if I rest 30 seconds I'll do you know two or three sets and you're just sitting there resting to pump out you know your 10 RM or whatever nonsense you're trying to do so reduce the rest time reduce the weight I was able to drastically increase the volume and condense a lot of sets a lot of exercises into a short period of time and after a few weeks of doing this full body several times per week I realized I could do it every day as my muscles started recovering quickly so seven days a week in the gym doing the same routine very high volume full body and the reason I believe it's the most effective workout routine is as we said earlier it takes all the muscles to failure every single day more often than any other workout the volume is at least four to five times that of a regular routine and does that equate to four to five times the muscle growth I wouldn't say exactly it's certainly more you know my results over the past nine months of my transformation are dramatically accelerated compared to most people so I took a quick look at what these other influencers are recommending for full body routines like Jeff Nippard and they don't seem to be giving you the big picture it's also not hypertrophy focused you know they're not giving you enough volume it's only one or two exercises per body part it's too much weight they're telling you to rest on the weekends not as effective as it could be you know what I did for my physique drastically higher volume moderate to lightweight high intensity focus on isolation movements really stretching and flexing that muscle and if you guys do want personal advisement I can walk you through my training routine just schedule a consultation with me at frank-defano.com hopefully within the next month or two we have my website fully up and running and you guys will have access to a lot of good information so thank you guys for joining me today let me know what other workout videos you guys would like to see if you guys do want to support me please just like the video leave a comment down below and if you can share the video on social media if you do want to support me further you know how to do so down in the description thanks again for joining me today guys I hope you enjoy your workout today


In his 50-year career as a consultant and more recently as an academic, Don King has developed methods to determine return on investment and value of libraries, written hundreds of articles, reports, and books that explain these findings and methods, and taught librarians how to conduct value assessments. His refinement of the critical incident and contingent valuation techniques and library assessment have influenced a generation of librarians and researchers. Don has been recognized by many organizations, including being named a pioneer of science information by the Chemical Heritage Foundation, an honorary fellow by the National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services and the American Statistical Association. He has received special recognition by the Special Libraries Association and the Research Award and Award of Merit from the American Society for Information Science and Technology. Although he's been retired for many years, Don is still active in assessment projects and currently holds the positions of honorary university professor at Bryant University and adjunct professor at the University of Tennessee. Don is my mentor, my colleague, and my friend. Congratulations, Don. Congratulations to Don King on a wonderful award well deserved after all of his time. I still remember Don King when he promoted the first Muhammad Ali fight, and then I remember when he promoted Sugar Ray Leonard and all of his fights. Don, you've had an amazing career, and of course the Tyson and Hollywood field fights were classics. Oh, Don King from Library and Information Science. Don, congratulations for an amazing career, a well deserved award. You have been certainly one of the most amazing scholars in the field, and very well deserved. Congratulations for all your great work and for this award.  I first met Don about 15 years ago when he came to University of Tennessee for a project, and what I enjoy most about Don is not his research, but his storytelling. It was his fabulous storytelling. I enjoyed it immensely. I remember those stories after all these years. Now, about his work, much of Don's work on the scientific and technical communication system was called attention to the many stakeholders in the system and the many interdependencies among them. You know, this transfers easily to all the scholarly communications in his work and continues to provide a comprehensive and a most useful model. Don's emphasis early and often on the library users and on scholars' information habits in general, quite commonplace to consider today, but rarely thought of when he began his work in this area several years ago. The regular of his research, especially in the economic arena. One of the first things that I remember after meeting Don King was his telling me how he always got great seats in a restaurant whenever he called in reservations. So good show, Don, on that. For over half a century, Don has been actively providing leadership in evaluation of information systems, economic analysis, public opinion, research operations, and library services through an incredibly productive output. His name is associated with major studies that have helped us understand the value of information and the services that agencies and automated systems provide to make it a useful component of human behavior and decision making. His resume of over 47 pages identifies publications of 17 monographs and over 400 articles with notable evidence of impact through high levels of citational references by others. Don's been exposed, has been most exposed to his work in developing models for return on investment and statistical analysis of measures to the area of economic value of libraries and their collections. He continues in his retirement to undertake research in specific venues and to be generous in consulting and assisting others to undertake their own assessments. Congratulations, Don, from the library value project team. To me, a Tennessee ball, I bet it's great, to me, a Tennessee ball, it's great, to me, a Tennessee ball.


Before I get into the project itself, I want to tell you a little bit about who I am and who Kyle is as well. So myself and Kyle Vogt, you may recognize his name. He's one of the founders of Justin.tv. That's what he does these days. But at the time, two years ago, we were both students at MIT and clearly we had too much free time on our hands because we kept doing all kinds of bizarre projects. One you might have seen online, it got written up a few places, was our safe cracking device that we built that cracked high security safes. But this is entirely different. But another good question to answer when dealing with something like this is who were we not? We are not stock market experts or spammers or get rich, quick scam people. We are none of these things. So everything that I say involving the stock market or spam or anything involving that, there's really no credentials to back any of that up. So don't take any of that as fact, okay? First off, quick spoiler alert. Everything will be seen through a soda straw. There's, because all of this was what we were looking at at the time while we were doing this project, it was a very limited set of information that we were looking at. We didn't have all the information about what botnets were operating, what spammers were sending, what we were literally just looking at the spam that was coming out and extrapolating from that. So it's all from our point of view at the time. We couldn't see the forces behind anything and everything is guesses and hypotheticals, but you'll see that. But from that, what you're gonna see, and I'll give it away right now, the moral of the story is a lot can be determined without the underlying information. It's all about how you look at the information, even the information that everyone else all has. So how it all started, October 2006. That was a time when everyone in the world was getting all of these ridiculous stock spam messages. I'm sure everyone here seen it. Yeah, everyone, everyone seen these? Yeah, absolutely. Everyone was getting these stock spam messages. October, my friend Kyle, he saw one of these. Advertised GDKI, Gold Mark Industries. Fantastic sounding stock. And he said the stupidest thing I'd ever heard, ever. He said, there must be a way for us to make money on all these people trying to sell spam stocks. It was like, no, I think it's the exact opposite.  And that normally would have been that, except for the fact that a lot of these discussions that we had that sounded ridiculous at first, one of us would go off and actually take a look at these things and kind of do the research and would come back and find out it's not so ridiculous. So that's actually what happened. And that's why I have a whole talk here. So this is why I thought that Kyle must have been wrong, right? Profit in markets is driven by asymmetric information. If there was a perfectly liquid market and everyone knew every piece of possible information about it, there would really be nothing to trade on. No one would be selling anything for a price that other people would want to buy it at, right? Everything would be just fixed price. It's all about that I might know something that you might not or you might know something that I don't. Everything that everyone already knows is already priced into the value of any given commodity. And in this case, my problem with it was, well, everyone gets the spam, right? What can we possibly know that everyone in the world, hundreds of millions of people, don't already see in their inbox every single morning? What is the special information that we have that other people don't? But first, we'll get back to that in a second. The real big question a lot of people ask is, what are these people actually trying to do with all this spam? It tells you to buy a stock or something and then, I guess, they do something? I mean, the plan is obvious, right? They phase one, send stock spam, phase three, profit, right? They must be doing that. So there's a little more details to it. It's what's called a classic pump and dump scheme. And these things are as old as markets themselves, you know? We'll go through it step by step. So basically, let's say that I am the scammer in question and I own 100 shares of worthless ink at $1 a share, okay? And we're right where the blue line is in time. So I own this worthless stuff. It's the kind of stock that nobody's buying this. I mean, it's garbage, right?  It's gonna be the greatest thing ever. You shall buy it. And so then, being the good people they are, they go and they buy the stock. And as they buy the stock, I'm selling them little bits and the price of the stock, the value is going up, going up and up and over over time. The price goes up as the demand increases and then I go and I sell all my 100 shares or whatever I have left at $2 a share. So I just hit step three, profit, and I'm gone. I have no more exposure to that stock whatsoever. And then the next step happens, which is that surge in demand that occurred was totally artificial. There are no new buyers anymore. People that did buy in when I sold them all those shares, they now try to sell the shares back because they wanna make a profit too. But there's no one to sell them to. There's no more people hearing that it's great. There's nobody to sell it to. So the price starts to drop and drop and drop and drop until eventually it ends up that they're getting rid of their shares at a price below what the shares started at. Back when I bought them when nobody was interested in the company. And eventually, as you see in this diagram, and this graph is an actual stock from 2006. It was a JNNE over the course of one day. You see it starts at market open, it ends at market close. And you can see in the end it oscillates and ends up closing close to what it opened at, but not a lot. And when you look at these things over time, eventually they recover to the initial kind of actual market value price. But in the meantime, I just created this huge fluctuation really from nothing. Just out of my own imagination and telling people that it was cool. So when you look at the graph, there's the size of my profits. There's the size of everyone else's losses. It's pretty straightforward. That's a pump and dump. All it is is it's touting a stock. It's just shouting from the rooftops, the stock is awesome and making sure that people buy that. Concept is old, word of mouth, boiler rooms, the classic people calling up old folks in Florida telling them about amazing investment opportunity. Forums are big, but spam really opened it up. Spam provided this huge inexpensive way to send that information to millions and millions of people. And, you know, so as you saw, profits are determined by when the tout sells out their mass block of shares. The losses for the suckers are determined by how late they bought into the scam and when they try to sell out again. Obviously in that graph, the people who bought in when it was near its peak, they're screwed. I mean, they are dropping all the way down and they're losing, you know, probably 10%, 20%, 50% of what they bought in for. What kind of stocks are these? You know, what does this work on? Well, they're what's called penny stocks. They're not traded on big exchanges like NASDAQ or the New York Stock Exchange. They're traded on little exchanges, we use the term traded very loosely. They're barely traded. A lot of these stocks, you look on a day-to-day basis and their volume is zero, practically. They're not on major exchanges. They're on things like the, they're called over-the-counter. They're traded on exchanges like OTC, BB, OTC Bulletin Board and a market called Pink Sheets. They're thinly traded, like I said, near zero volume on most days. And they're high volatility. The values of these stocks, they're generally under like $5. Many are under like $1. So we're talking maybe like a 20 cent stock, right? So if that 20 cent stock goes up by 10 cents, that's a 50% gain in value, right? So it's huge. The volatility of these things just jump all over the place. Because of that, that's what makes these stocks particularly, you know, particularly possible for you to mess with them. You could spam all day about a big New York Stock Exchange spam. You know, I could tell you all to go buy Apple Computer tomorrow if the Stock Exchange were open tomorrow. But I could tell you all to go buy Apple Computer and all of you could all go buy Apple Computer and we would all collectively probably have no effect on that stock, right? Because there's such a high volume of trading that already occurs on it. So the bigger point here is it's very illegal. You know, the pump and dump scheme, it's illegal. The all changes in supply and demand of what's going on in the market, it's all artificial, it's all made up. There's no actual information about the company that's changing. The SEC frowns upon this.  And this was my problem in the very beginning. I looked at Kyle and I was like, nobody buys these. This is entirely impossible, right? I delete them, you all in this room, I'm sure deleted them. But the problem is, apparently somebody didn't delete them because we looked. And what we found was a lot of people, a lot of people bought these. GDKI, in that week that we first saw this, we looked at it and it spiked 60% in value and the volume was over 600,000 shares. So if you do the math for the spammer that was probably a quarter of a million dollar profit. You know, a quarter of a million dollar profit on like a $1 a share stock. And we were kind of impressed by this. This was peculiar. If you look at this graph that I've got here, you'll see, and I can, I'll highlight this for you. But you'll see here, this day right here, this is the 20th of October, this is a Friday. That's when the spamming started. You'll see that the starting value of that stock, the opening value, the low was about a dollar, a little over a dollar. The closing value was like $1.30. You know, it started to go up and then Monday, huge spike in volume, huge spike in price. And then over the course of the rest of the week it started to just go back down over time and that value was lost. But the interesting thing here is that the email started on Friday. They started before the market closed on Friday. So there was an opportunity to buy shares early. And that intrigued us. We kind of saw something there. So, but even looking at that graph, right? Quarter of a million dollars. Wow, quarter of a million dollars. That's a lot. It turned out that was actually tiny, tiny in these shares. Same stock, couple months later. This was a 300% increase over five days, 10 million shares, so possibly a $30 million profit. Absolutely immense. And these are the sorts of things we were seeing, like on a regular basis.  You know, I don't know who's buying these, but they're buying a lot of it. So, we looked at more of this and actually remember this particular chart later because I'll talk about an SEC investigation that involved this particular week of trading on this particular stock. So we had our answer. It did actually happen. It did actually produce results for the spammers, which was incredible. So, the next part, what could we do about it? What could we, how could we participate, I guess, in a legal way? But wait, right? So we look at this first week, October 20th, 27th of 2006, and we say, you know, not all of them were winners. We received spam emails for 20 different stocks that week. We followed all of the stocks and three of them produced profits. The other 17 produced nearly nothing. I mean, practically no shares bought or sold in that week. So, a lot of people spamming, a lot of people talking about a lot of stocks, but only a couple actually being profitable. And those couple that are profitable are suddenly wildly profitable. So, why is that? What are the different characteristics here that allow us to decide which one is successful and which one isn't? I don't know, that's what we wanted to know. So we looked at what we had, right? What data do we have? Well, we have a lot of spam and that's mostly it. We had about 1,000 stock spam messages every single week. And then other than that, we were just looking at the freely available stock market information that was online, bigcharts.com or whatever, and just looking at what happened. So, we could look at the results of the previous week and we could in some way compare it to the huge, massive spam that we received about all these stocks. So, that's all we had. I mean, that's not anything special. It's the same information that everyone else in the world had. So, what did other researchers see at this time? There are two big papers that you'll find online by two different sets of researchers, Frieder and Zitrain and Hank and Hauser. Frieder and Zitrain is the big one that everyone mentions. It says, you know, spam works and it's a very good paper. You should actually check it out. It was based on data from 2004, 2005. So, it was a little dated by the time that it got released, you know, at the speed that spam changes. But it showed some interesting correlations. It basically said that the more spam email that a spammer was able to put out, the more effect it would have on that particular stock. So, this was pretty straightforward. Hank and Hauser found a very similar correlation. The funny thing was though, we were watching this in fall 2006 into 2007 and there were a couple articles that came up about that time which said stock spam is dead and they said there was no longer any effect on the market due to stock spam. And this really set us to scratching our heads because we were staring at this ourselves and we saw these huge effects. And then we looked at the data sets that all of the various researchers were using. And what they were doing was they were going through, you know, these large collections of noted spam email and they were searching for stock symbols. They were searching by text, right? The problem is by fall 2006, any spam filter of any sort was good enough to filter out text, right? I mean, text, it's easy. You know, you look for three or four letters that are all capitals and something that says buy, boom, filter it out, right? By 2006, there were a lot of spammers that were getting huge results in the market. The problem was the only ones that were getting any results were all graphical based spam. They were all pictures. So there were a lot of researchers that were missing huge portions of what was going on in the market at the time. And here I explain exactly what I just said. Quote from Frieder and Zittrain's paper basically saying how they found their data, which was they went through and they searched for stock symbols in the text of emails, which for the data set they were looking at 2004, 2005, worked, it totally worked. Everything was still text back then. Graphics were just starting to come out and spam. So no problem, they found that correlation. But others who followed their methods started to see nothing happening anymore. So that becomes the question, right? You've got all this graphical spam. You know that the graphical spam is what produces results in the market, but you also know that as far as sorting it, using any automated means, the whole point of them doing the graphics, the whole point of how they're formatting it is to prevent that. It's to prevent spam filters from reading what it is in the message. So how do you sort graphical spam? Anyone? Anyone? By hand. That's how you do it. So we did. We decided, you know, we played around with a couple image recognition type programs a little bit, and we decided to do it by hand. So we did. That's how you do it. That's, you can see on the left side, that's on my computer, there's a folder which says week three, and there's a whole bunch of folders that have stock symbols, and in each folder, there's hundreds and hundreds of emails. And that's how we did it. So we sorted it. We followed it for 14 weeks. We, Kyle and I hand sorted about 50,000 spam emails, and resulted in 12,168 stock spam emails. Pretty good. So this allowed us to sort it in real time as we got them. So what could we get out of this? Obviously we already said we know previous results of what happened, but there's two things that we can infer from the data as we collected. We can figure out the relative botnet power, and we can identify the spammer's unique signature. And here's where the fun starts. So let's talk about botnet power, okay? You sort the messages by the actual stock symbol, and then you plot the total emails over time for each symbol. Pretty simple. Let's look at a graph. So this is what we're looking at, right? Now I understand it's a little hard to read, but let me explain. The y-axis here on the left side, that's the total emails received for a particular stock symbol, okay? For a particular touted stock. So each line, each line that I've graphed represents one particular symbol. You'll see I've identified GDKI, that one that we tracked in the first week. The x-axis is time. The yellow lines are the divisions between days. We start at market close on Friday, and we end at market close on Friday. Again, the other side. So I've got green dotted lines that are vertical that show when the market opens, red dotted lines that show when the market closed, and you start to see some interesting things. So you'll notice that when we already said, we already saw from the previous results that GDKI had the biggest impact on the market that week. And then we graph it, and we see, oh, they also sent out the most email that week. Okay, interesting. Makes sense. A lot of these other stocks you see at the bottom, the little tiny lines that kind of pop out and disappear and pop out and disappear all week long, they got nothing, right? Nobody bought their stocks, nobody cared. But another relevant fact you see, if you look in the sections between market open and market close, a lot of times you see that there's no emails sent out during that time. Right there, you see just these beautiful flat spots. Every time the market is open. Presumably, the guys that are sending emails are probably busy trading at the time. They're probably busy selling those stocks. That may explain why they're not busy sending out emails at that time. So that's interesting, right? GDKI, that's, and the real take home from these, you start to look at these a lot, and you look at a lot of these graphs, and you figure out that the slope of those lines, the slope of those lines, that's giving you the rate at which they're sending out these spam emails. What you find is that the rate that you see on any particular spam email stays constant for a particular botnet that's sending spam. What does this allow you to do? It allows you to identify botnets or spammers, whatever you, you know, one organization sending out email, shall we say. It allows you to identify them just by the slope of the graph between weeks. And that's what we did. Next, let me talk again about, next, the spammer signature. Spammer signature is just a fancy way of saying one guy's email kind of looks the same from week to week.  Everyone's got their own bag of tricks for evading the spam filters, right? And those are very kind of closely guarded style kind of secrets, right? So there's the layout, the encoding of the email, any type of capture type obfuscation, you know, little squiggly things to make sure that a spam filter can't read the text. And just generally their style. It's kind of hard to quantify, but it's really, really easy when you're looking at 50,000 spam emails all the time. It turns out you just recognize stuff really quickly. So let's play a little game, right? Here's an email from someone and it tells me to buy this stock, S-R-R-L, okay? And we're in week N of watching these things and it turns out that S-R-R-L ends up doing fantastically that week. Oh, great, you know, but now the week's over. So what does that do for us next week? Well, next week we receive a bunch of spam emails and in week N plus one, which of these emails might be from the same spammer? It's pretty obvious, you know?  You see it the very first email you get from this spammer. You know who that spammer is and you know what his results were the previous week and the week before that and the week before that. You become kind of intimately connected with these spammers. You've been watching every single email that you get from them and you kind of feel like you know them after a while. It's a little scary, but so that's their style, right? So then we connect the two. We connect the style and the botnet power and then we look at the graphs. Now, this is the graph you already saw of week one. We have GDKI and then we look at week two, okay? Here's week two. Can you spot the same spammer? Yeah, he's like the exact same line, right? His, the slope of his line is exactly the same. It's unchanged, but it's a different stock symbol, right? It's SBNS, okay? Now let's, we go into our spam and we look at what SBNS that email looks like. Hey, it looks exactly like the GDKI email. Okay, great. So we know that this is the same guy sending us this email. So what does that tell us? Well, we know that the week before he sent out a whole ton of emails and he got a huge result on the market. So it doesn't take a rocket scientist at this point to kind of extrapolate. And the results that we actually found, because we watched this for a number of weeks, you know, without even considering buying any stock, we looked at this and we found that the relative strength of any given botnet stayed relatively constant over time. They were trying to send out at the maximum rate that they were able to achieve on their botnet. And because of that, they achieved a relatively fixed slope each time. And then their style of their email was gonna stay the same because they wanted to use their same set of tricks to evade the spam filters. So another example, right? This is week three now. We see SRL there. He's got the same slope. He's the same spammer. You go to this email. Oh, yeah, he's the exact same guy. Okay, but now we've got two other guys. Two other stocks popped up kind of out of nowhere, week three, and they've both got pretty good slopes. The first one kind of rises somewhat slowly, but the second one is very, very specific slope, right? It's very recognizable. It's got a very fixed value. The problem is you look at these stocks week three and you look at the results on the market and what do you think results they had? I mean, they were sending out more stocks than the first guy. What do you think they had? Nothing, nothing at all, like zero volume, right? Why was that? Okay, well, first you've got that SRL. Okay, looks like the same one. Now here's the other two. What's the problem there? It's text, it's text, everybody filters out text. So what do you have here? These guys were pushing enormously powerful botnet. The strongest one we could track on any of our stuff, but they were getting no results because they were just sending text and they didn't understand that because we kept seeing them week after week. This week, week four, they start to mix it up. We've got our same dependable guy pushing MPRG, same results in the market every single week, and then we've got these really, really steep-sloped lines right here. As you can see, blue, orange, pink, blue, they're all over the place. They've got a huge steep slope. They're sending tons and tons of emails really quick, as fast as they can, and they're getting no results. And they try some different strategies, right? One week you see them, and this week you can count it up right there. They touted five different stocks that week, five different stocks, and they got nothing on all five, right? They didn't quite understand what was going on. But the other guy, just touting one, doing dependable, simple botnet, boom, he's good. Once again, there's our same guy doing the same dependable thing. Once again, same botnet. You can see the dependable guy going on and on, and you can see these huge slope guys that they're super powerful botnets just crushing everyone with text-based email that no one is seeing, and they got nothing, right? So these are the sorts of conclusions we were able to reach just from looking at the spam we were getting, and that's it, right? Nothing. That's pretty much that, right? Week five, same thing, the text-based guys are getting nothing. Week six, the text-based guys, they go all out, right? They're done with switching stock symbols, they're done with everything else. Man, they are gonna hit this one like nobody's business, and they do. You'll see the scale on my graph has changed. It's no longer up to 300, it's now up to 900.  The other guy, still the same results. Now, two interesting things happened in week six, and this is where things actually got interesting for us, because we had been watching the five previous weeks, we had been seeing these ridiculously dependable returns, and we had been able to predict them every single time, right? So we were like, oh man, let's get in this market as quick as possible, this is awesome. And then week six comes along, and week six, that curve on WEXC, he sent out the same dependable amount of emails. He, they seemed to be the exact same thing going on, and the results in the market were like nothing. They were like nothing at all. It was very weird, and the problem is, we saw how much this guy bought into it. It was about a $2 million buy-in, right? Because whenever we received these emails, we would look at the stock, and you would look at the few days before you received any emails about the stock. And you could see, and you could roughly approximate how much money that spammer had put into the stock to kind of buy-in before trying to sell it off. We estimated it was about $2 million. The problem is they weren't able to let go of like any of it. I think, I mean they let go of some of it, right? But it was at practically nothing. So we estimated they lost about $1.2 million that week. And then week seven, they disappeared. They were gone, just gone. We got like maybe one or two emails from that botnet the whole week. And that was it, poof, you know? You'll see on the scale of the graph nobody's going up to 300 anymore. Nobody's doing anything. It's just the kind of little spammers that weren't really producing any results right now. And the one guy that was producing results, he's gone. And just disappeared. So as conflicted as we were about it, we were a little sad, actually. It was kind of weird. I'd never like felt sad about a spammer not sending spam. But it turned out that was the case. Then week seven, week eight, he was gone, week nine, he was just gone forever. I think around week 10, I saw some emails from that same botnet that was, you know, he had moved on to pushing some sweepstakes scam or something, you know, I guess, greener pastures.  And they kept going and going and hyping emails week after week. But in general, you know, here's them again, pushing out 900, you know, from our perspective, 900 emails in a week. Everyone else is like below 100. They're nine times the power of everyone else, and they're getting your results. So then the next week, I think they split it up again. They, you know, the usual. They flip between hyping one stock, hyping five stocks. Week 12, once again, just nothing. The whole market kind of fell out of the spam business in about January 2007. And we didn't really know why from our perspective. And once again, we were a little sad. Week 13, the text-based people kind of lost their minds. They spammed 15 different stocks that week. Just, I mean, I don't have the graph of that one because we kind of stopped graphing stuff at that point we gave up.  Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom, the whole week long and obviously no results. I don't know what happened, but they couldn't seem to understand why they weren't producing results. But we could because we saw everything, right? So what, right? What did all this analysis get? Well, what it gave us was that it meant that when we saw a spam email hyping a stock, we could predict the results in the future. We knew what was going to happen. So instead of waiting to see all the various researchers that you would have seen that were talking about stock spam in 2006, 2007, they were all talking after the fact. It was all hindsight. It was all this game of like, well, these results happened and these were the emails that they sent out. So, oh, great, this is what happened. None of them were predicting anything. But what we were doing was predicting it every single week. So any given week, we would see one email come out. We would see the very first email for a stock symbol and we would know what the result of that would be in the week. So we could be basically the first ones to buy it. So where does that put us? We buy the stock there, like right after the spammer bought his, you know, depending on the spammer.  So that's what we did, right? The overall method that we did. We sorted each week's worth of spam by ticker symbol. We identified the spammer by the email style. We matched them to their past results. We identified the top spammer of that week. And then when the first email from that top spammer arrived for the next week's spam, we would buy that stock and then sell it eventually and, you know, step three profit, et cetera. So did it work? Yes and no. No, it didn't. The method worked for a few weeks. Like I said, we were watching it. It was amazing. We all had incredible dreams of millions of dollars and Lamborghinis and whatnot. But then, you know, that week six, seven, the whole thing fell apart. All these spammers just stopped getting results. Nothing was happening and, you know, that's it. Those guys, whoever they were, lost $2 million or something and then disappeared, never to be seen in that kind of game again. And there was some speculation. I read a Google article at the time that they were saying that the entire quantity of spam at that time had taken some huge hit. Nobody was quite sure whether it was some mix of, you know, botnet takedowns, ISP shutdowns, or software patches of various sorts. But whatever the case, the whole spam world was kind of took a hit at that time. And so the stock spam people stopped making money. Also, there was a major SEC crackdown at that time which they called cleverly Operation Spamalot. Operation Spamalot in March of 2007, they started out by suspending trading on 35 of these penny stocks. Almost all 35 of which we had looked at and we had seen, because, you know, these were the stocks happening. Two guys in Texas, they were indicted for securities fraud. They eventually reached a $3.5 million settlement. It was estimated that they had made a total of $4.6 million in profits. But, you know, I mean, all these are so speculative and even from the SEC's standpoint, it was hard for them to actually determine which stocks those people had been involved with. You know, they nailed them on, I think, like 13 different stocks. But, you know, who knows? Who knows what they were actually doing? And as it says here, the operation was actually started because an SEC attorney was getting that spam.  So the big question here, you know, maybe it didn't quite work out for us then, but could it work again, right? I mean, in theory, if the botnets had still been able to push out their same level of spam and enough suckers had still been buying stocks, spam stocks for some reason, our method would have continued to work. So could it happen again? Could this whole thing come back? Maybe? I don't know, right? So I went ahead and I looked before this talk, you know, back in April of 2009, just a little while ago. I sorted through all my spam once again. I sorted through, you know, maybe 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 spam emails, and I sorted them by what type of spam they were. And there was not a single stock spam.  So clearly, at least from what I can see of the spam and really what I can, you know, some people have asked me, you know, well, you can't really say that there's no stock spam happening. There's no touting of these stocks. Well, yeah, that's true, but if I can't see it happening, then you all can't see it happening. And, you know, Joe Schmo out who wants to buy these stocks, he can't see it happening. And in that case, it's not working. So, you know, clearly whether or not there might be a couple of these guys trying to do it, it's not working. It's gone. So will it happen again? Maybe, I don't know. Spammers have given up on stock manipulation for now. If it starts again, our method will probably work again. Or will it? The question here now is, you all know about this. Okay, let's play this game. So you know how to do this. If you all go out and do this, if spammers start setting these again, and they now have a pool of people who understand what's going on and who will clearly buy into this, that'll produce increased liquidity, which will probably increase the spammer's initial profit. But the other problem will be the stocks they'll tank faster.     And there's literally nobody buying it because the only suckers are you. There's nobody else buying the stock. So it's kind of an artificial demand created by my talk. Okay, okay. So we start there, maybe it'll still work, or maybe I've created a new meta strategy to act on the fact that you know, that I know, that you know about this. Okay, okay. Maybe, maybe. Only time will tell. So now, I'm open for questions. Any questions? Sorry, go ahead. Good question. He was asking whether we checked the other markets, European, Asian, et cetera. No, we didn't at the time. We didn't look at any of those. The biggest question there for us was that we considered these issues, but we didn't see that stock spam, right? And we don't read Korean or whatever. So even if we were seeing them, we don't know what that means. But for instance, I know, I've got on my notes there was a German group that was doing this on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in like late 2007. They had actually evolved from graphical-based emails to PDF-based emails. That was their new way to get around it. And they had big success. They were also caught and prosecuted and all that good stuff. But it does evolve and it does move to other markets. I have no doubt that the Asian markets could see this. I don't know if they've seen it yet so far. Next question right here. Right. She's asking, do we know anything about why it crashed there in week seven? Why those guys lost a ton of money? Did the spam filters magically catch all their graphics? I have no idea. I really wish I knew better. Like I said, the scope of what we did is fairly limited to the view that we had at the time. I've looked since then and I've tried to look back and find the various articles and SEC investigations to piece together which exact groups and the names of the people that were doing the various different botnets and stuff. And you can find a couple. But the coverage of penny stock fraud is pretty limited, as you might imagine. Next question right there. Right. Okay, I'll answer that question real quick first. He said, what gave us the confidence to attempt to get a piece of this without thinking that maybe the SEC might investigate us too, thinking that we were a part of it? And yeah, we didn't know anything. That's, I mean, yeah, that could have probably happened. I don't know. The biggest reason there that I think we, yeah, well, the biggest reason was because the quantity of shares we would have been moving was minuscule compared to these large buyers, right? That was the biggest thing. So they probably wouldn't care about us. For college students, it would have been like a ton of money, but for these guys, not much. He asked if we think of riding the curve the other way and shorting it at the high. The thing is, these are thinly traded stocks, so shorting doesn't really exist in that sense. Shorting does exist, but it's, we can't do it basically. Next person, you're right there. Ah, good, that's a fantastic question. The question was, do we know why they picked particular stocks? There's a lot of possibilities, and I've read about a number of possibilities. In some cases, they were inside jobs, right? The spammer basically offered to the company to take a portion of their stock at a low rate and hype it up and make profit for themselves and the company. That happened, there were other companies that just had no idea this was happening. Just one day they woke up and their stock was flying all over the place, and they had no idea what was going on. I think all types of this thing occurred. Actually, one interesting thing, when I talked to earlier about how we could look at a stock and look at the previous few days of the previous week or so before they had spammed about it and determined their size of their buy-in, sometimes you would look at a stock and you would see no buy-in, hmm, right? What does that mean? Inside job, right? So you could see both types, and to some extent you could guess at which type it was from looking at the previous week leading up to the spam. Next question, in the back. Right, right. So he's asking about what scale would we have to trade at from our little college student side to make up for the transaction costs of trading these shares.  We found it wasn't a problem. The even buying a few thousand shares, it totally made up for it. Because normally you have that problem with trading these sorts of shares because trading these sorts of shares in a legitimate context, you would expect the changes in price to be like, what, like 5%, you know, something like that. So you start getting close to your margin there. But in this case, we were looking at changes of like 50%, or doubling our money, or tripling our money, right? In which case the, you know, 5% premium and the amount of charge on those shares didn't matter anymore. Yes. Yeah, he's asking about, did we look at more of the content of the emails? For instance, the content that these spammers were claiming, you look at these emails and they say things like target prices and target dates, like they've got all this cool insider information. Really, we found that for the most part, we looked a little bit at it, but it was all noise to the best of our judgment. The target prices they did, they were just arbitrary. I mean, even the example you can see right here on the screen, the right side, WEXE, that was that week where those guys, more the target dates. Yeah, the target dates didn't mean anything either. The only thing that correlated with anything was the volume that they were able to send out. You know, because to the targeted user group, right? You expect that their view of it is not about what the date range is. Excuse me. They just wanna get into it as soon as possible, right? So everybody rushed in as soon as they decided that. We didn't see any correlation to these various things. You know, because it's not acting on real information, right, there is no press release coming out, there's no product. Yeah, from what we saw, I don't think the duration of their spamming campaign ever actually correlated to what was going on. Sometimes you would see, especially earlier on in 2006, you would see the spamming campaigns kind of, the trading would last more than one day. Later on, as you approach December 2006, January 2007, the trading was all done within one day. The demand just couldn't put up with five days of trading. Next question, right there. Right, yeah, okay, so he's actually asking about repeat hits. That would be a stock that's touted one week.  Yeah, and we did see that. We did see that with a number of stocks pretty well across the board. The second, third, you know, and number of times they would do it. Each successive try would have worse results. One thing that was kind of interesting though that you would start to see is some of these stocks, like GDKI, LITL, a couple of these other things, you would see it spammed about one week, and not that it was spammed the previous week or the week before, but if you looked, some of these were hit like the year before, or they were hit like eight months before, a year and a half before, some of these stocks were getting pounded like on a regular basis. And I don't know whether they were inside jobs or whether they were just really unlucky, but some of these were really, really getting thrown around all the time. Yeah. Yeah, so he's asking about basically data analysis of all of the OTC or pink sheet stocks in order to see these things without even looking at the spam, just seeing that one is starting to spike or that there's an abnormally large volume of buy on a particular stock, and then assuming that that will become a spammed stock. And you're right, that's doable. And you can do the data mining to try to look at the whole market to find these hits. You do run into problems though, because like I mentioned, not all of the buy-ins from these people were successful. So you might see an enormous volume buy-in and then you join in too and nothing happens, right? Maybe they didn't even get any emails out that week. And we actually, we did a little bit of looking at this market where we looked at some stocks and we tried to, we basically did exactly that. We would look at the volumes and we saw some where it looked like there were buy-ins and then we never saw a single email about that stock. So it was kind of weird. There were also some of the stocks, I mean, once again, so to straw of view, we weren't seeing all of the stocks that were touted. Some of the other websites around that were kind of tracking this thing and building little fake portfolios around them, they occasionally popped up with stock symbols that we didn't even see. I mean, we didn't even see a single email about them. So we were still our very limited view, so who knows? Yeah. Good question. Okay, there's two questions there. In that limited view, where did our sample set come from? It came from my email address at MIT. That's where it came from. Myself and Kyle's actually. At that time, we were getting tons and tons of tons of spam email. Part of the reason for that and I'll kind of let everyone know this now. MIT has a lot of mailing lists. The place runs on mailing lists. So the spammers would get the emails of these mailing lists and then so you would get multiple copies of emails. You'd get it through all sorts of different sources. How representative was our sample? I don't know. It's really tough for me to say. It seemed representative enough to the sense that I mean, we saw all this happening, but like I said, there were certainly things that we were missing, definitely. All the way in the back there. Uh-huh, true. Yeah, yeah, sure. Yeah, so he's asking if we considered other factors such as hacked accounts and things like that, buying some of these and moving up values like that. Yeah, maybe. If you look up this stuff, there are examples of those sorts of things happening. Ours was mostly focused on the spam effect specifically because that was what we saw the most of all the time in our inbox. But the other stuff did happen. There were a number of, there was some Russian organized crime group that had a botnet that was stealing passwords to whatever trading accounts and buying up stocks through those zombie accounts. And all this stuff was happening, but I think the biggest effect was just from spam and normal actual people buying it. Yes, I'm sorry, can you repeat that? Of what? Gray listing, yeah, yeah, yeah. That's actually a good question. So gray listing, right? And I assume what you mean by that is when it gets reported through to these various brokers and it says like, hey, stop having people trade these stocks, right? And that happened. In fact, that happened almost every time. Every time that we went to go buy a stock, I had to call up whatever online broker I was using and tell them over the phone to let me trade that stock because they wouldn't even let me trade it through my web interface. It would say it was locked and that was an off-limit stock that they didn't wanna sell me any of. So yeah, but despite that fact, despite the fact that I had to jump through extra hoops to even touch any of these stocks, a lot of people still bought them. So that didn't really seem to have an effect. And when we talk about things like operation spam a lot there where the SEC locked down 35 of these stocks, they locked those down in March of 07, right? The spam on these stocks had stopped in January of 07. Their lock down of these, their ceasing of trading in these had no effect on anything. So take that for what it's worth. I could take one more question right there. Great question. Everyone's covering every little extra thing that I wanted to cover, which is great. He asked, did we look at other methods of hyping these stocks like forums and whatnot? And yeah, we did. We actually saw forums, people discussing these in forums as we were doing this. In fact, let me, I got one right here. There it is. So yeah, that's actually a forum in October to December of 2006 talking about exactly the stock we were looking at, GDKI. And that's people talking about, oh, this seems kind of too good to be true. And other people, there's one that's like, what is it, need a nice close today. Like, okay. So yeah, people were talking about these in a couple of those posts. It was clear that these people were, they were kind of pushing them themselves. So that effect was there too. But I think the massive amount of spam was the bigger driver of everything. So with that, that's all. Thank you.


My name is Salvador Mendoza and I'm going to talk about how to exploit all of the information we need technology. The idea behind this tag is how to implement audio waves and Bluetooth connections. A little bit about myself. I'm a security researcher. A lot here I present about Samsung Pay tokenized number of flasks and issues here in DEF CON. And even today we're going to use some Samsung Pay tokens, yards for the demos. What exactly is max try information? Well, any kind of capability to store max try information, they have this item based magnetic particles that could change implementing magnetism. But how we can relate max try information with audio files? To do that, we need to, in this case, in order to transmit max try information into audio, we need to be able to mimic the audio waves from the magnetic field changes when you swipe a card. These kind of waves are the two F signals and they contain zeros and ones that the carrier can interpret like any kind of character. These characters are, of course, account numbers, names on the cards, all that kind of information that you're going to have on the cards. This is how it looks like audio spoof or audio file. We have many different kind of spikes on them. But what that really means, from Major Malfunction DEF CON 14 more than 10 years ago, he tagged about max try madness. And that presentation, he said that depending on the space of the spikes, they're going to be zeros and ones and these ones are going to represent the characters. But of course how we can transmit this kind of information to the card reader? Last year, Weston Hecker presented how to brute force auto keys foils implementing M3 player. But also he presented how to send raw mass try data with M3 player too. So I started searching what kind of technology we need to do that kind of thing. If you try to transmit audio files implementing just the audio by itself, you're not going to get anything in the card reader or you're going to get some kind of errors. The key in this attack is the amplifier. Sounds kind of funny. You need an amplifier to amplify the signal. So the first demo is how to use Raspberry Pi and one coil from, this is the cheapest one, $3 from eBay. This has a range from 5 volts to 12 volts. How you can transmit max try information. The setup is very basic. You connect the audio to the Raspberry output and connect directly to the amplifier. I'm using an external power source to the amplifier so I don't want to damage my Raspberry Pi. And I'm using a coil from my last max booth I used for my last stack here in Defcon. I connect a critical reader directly to my laptop. So basically when I run a audio spoof or audio file, I get directly the max try information into my terminal. So you can see in the critical reader how the lights detect the signal and send directly to the terminal. So after this approach, I was thinking about portability. How we can do some kind of thing like that to be used in different kind of things. The main idea was what kind of technology we have that can support audio and could be close platform. Well, we have Bluetooth technology. I start buying many different kind of speakers. Try to implement in this kind of attack. And this one, specifically has a amplifier built on. So we don't need an external amplifier. So I designed a tool that I call it blue spoof. The blue spoof is a tool that is not kind of similar to the semi-cam car max spoof because that one implements an 8085 microchip and also a more controller. This one implements a Bluetooth speaker board and implements audio files. And of course a coil. Some of the characteristics of this tool is cheap, Bluetooth support, 3-point volts very portable and accurate. So what about the demo? So it can be charged directly from five volts like any kind of charger that you have for your cell phones. So in this presentation, I'm creating a WAF file, implementing a track two form. And the max try information that I'm using is a Samsung pay token for my chase account. Please don't use it. You are going to be able to do it. I hope so. So in this case, I'm creating the chase spy WAF file. I'm connecting to the blue spoof like normal Bluetooth speaker. After I connect it, I'm going to open audacity so I can see the WAF files from the file that I just created. After I open the file, what I'm going to do is I'm going to select the output of the audacity to send the data to the blue spoof tool. So you can see the WAFs in this file, how it looks like. The name of the blue spoof register in my computer is the token. So when I play like loop play in this attack, what I'm trying to do is I'm approaching the blue spoof to my credit card reader to get some kind of information. So you can see how I start detecting the signals when I approach this kind of tool. So what about another kind of device? What about a Huawei chip smartphone? I'm talking about $20 smartphone. It's already connected to a blue spoof tool. So I approach this one to the credit card reader. And what happens is I start detecting the signals momentarily and after that it starts registering like another kind of track. After this I'm going to implement an iPhone sit. Because all of them have support to a blue spoof connection, we can implement in all kind of devices. It's kind of cool how the iPhone sends a Magstripe signal because almost all of them are detecting the credit card reader.  I'm implementing a loop to get a better result and the attack. So you can see how the text signals the credit card reader. What about the Samsung Galaxy? Well, they were the same. They implemented the blue connection too. And it's almost like the iPhone's result. I can detect almost all the tracks sending by the audio spoof. Well, the question is how can I implement this kind of attack without downloading any kind of file to my computer or to my device? So designing a project that I call ViolentMac.com, I was able to create audio spoof from the web browser. So thanks to actually for this idea. The main point here is to create audio files in the both server and after that, we can create all to play the WAF files from the web server without the necessity of downloading any kind of file. So let's say I have, I'm using an iPhone 6 and the example. I'm going to play from the web browser implementing HTML file support. And you can see in the background how the Magstripe is detected by the credit card reader. So let's try to make a payment. I mean, that's the main idea of this kind of attack. Let's see it really watching the real time on the live. So I'm going to make a payment and this kind of terminal. It's already detected signal very quickly. And I can select the product. After that, it's going to validate it. I'm using a Samsung Pay talking. They say they can't use any kind of Samsung devices. And I got a notification from Samsung that I'm using one of his tokens. Of course, after that, if you are tired of spoofing, you can connect directly to your original speaker and use it like normal. So the question is how we can use this kind of tool to attack different targets? Let's say, let's put a scenario of Western Hacker that he was trying to boot for different kind of doors, door locks in the hotels. How we can send data that say we have two locks in the hotel and we have two blue spoof that we can put one in one lock, another one in another card reader. So we can send data to both of them simultaneously so we can see which one can open. In the example I'm using one of the programs from my laptop called Audio MIDI Setup in my Mac. I'm going to create a multi-output device. I already have two devices, two blue spoof connected to my computer. So I co-app them to this multi-output device. After that, in the output selection and the sound settings, I select the output. So let's see a demo of this one. So in this example I have two computers with two credit card readers. I have two blue spoof already connected and I have my laptop that it has the same settings that I present today. I'm going to play an audio spoof file and you will see in the background how all these two computers detect the signal simultaneously. You have to play again. I'm using a Windows and one machine. I'm using Ubuntu and then another one. So I'm playing the audio and you can see they detect the tracks and two computers simultaneously. Now the big question is how we can send different data to different blue spoof. It's kind of challenging. First I tried to use SOTS from terminal to select the output device but it didn't work in my computer. So I started searching and I used Python sound device library. You are able to connect to multiple devices and you can control them implementing Python. So let's tell you a little bit about the background of Samsung Pay tokens. When you are making a payment in Samsung Pay, you put the cell phone offline mode, all the tokens, some of the tokens are going to be incremental but the cryptogram is going to be static. The last part of the token is going to be random numbers, three digits. How we can brute force these three digits because I know the transaction ID is going to be incremental so the next one instead of 10 is going to be 11. So let's try to make a brute force attack. So in this example I'm implementing three different blue spoof simultaneously. I'm connecting to my computer, your laptop, in this case the Mac, you can connect that up to seven. But in this particular case I'm connecting three but yet I'm going to use two of them. I'm going to put them close to the credit card readers so you can see, oh I think I got it, I want to cry in my Windows computer. So I'm going to put close to the credit card readers and I'm going to play, I'm going to check the output first, the sound device library to show you the outputs of the sound board. So I have three outputs but I'm just going to use the IDs three and five for this type because they are my blue spoof tools. So I'm going to generate a brute force attack. In this case I'm going to use this token sample dimension and I'm going to create a web file from that. So if the token transaction ID is 10 and this one, the next one has to be 11. And the random numbers I'm going to create is from zero to 20. After that it's going to generate the web files and it's going to start sending depending on the idea of the speakers, different kind of extra information to another one. You can see in the background how it's going to detect the signals one and the next one. So they are different tokens in one terminal and another one. One has to be even numbers and the random and the next one has to be odd numbers. So after it's running this attack, I'm going to approach the camera so you can see the tokens to show you the even numbers are different between one token and another one. I'm giving two seconds of sleep just to not be too fast. So you can see in the back part of the token we have three ones, five sevens. And these ones are four, six, eight, ten, twelve. So they are different tokens for different kind of attacks. For the brute force attacks. And this part of the base that we're making in the attack, we have the track numbers, frequency, padding, base, maximum bits and the name of the file that I'm implementing. Of course you can see what kind of speaker we are sending and you can add token. After it's completed, you can see how you get the last token is going to be 20 because that was my last part of the token, the last part of the attack. So this Saturday, I'm going to present demo labs, this tool called Samicam, in honor to Samicam car. It's about how to implement blue spoof together with this tool. So you're welcome to be there. Thank you to all these guys for all the support. And please, if you have any questions, feel free to ask me.