The session is about pseudo-random functions. The first talk is about constraints, pseudo-random functions for unconstrained inputs. And Venkata is going to give the talk. Thank you. So I'm Venkata, and I'll be talking about constrained pseudo-random functions for unconstrained inputs. This is joint work with Apulva Deshpande and Brent Waters. So we all know what pseudo-random functions are. A pseudo-random function is a keyed function f with a keyed space, key space k. And the function evaluations look like uniformly-random strings. This has numerous applications in cryptography, and it's one of the central building blocks. In 2013, three groups, Boney et al, Boyl et al, and Kias et al, proposed a powerful extension called constrained PRFs. So in constrained PRFs, we have a keyed function f and a key space. And we also have a constraint algorithm. The constraint algorithm takes as input a PRF key k, and it takes a constraint t, and it outputs a constrained key kt. Now, as the name might suggest, this key can be used to evaluate the PRF at all points that satisfy the constraint. So more formally, so for all inputs x, such that x satisfies the constraint t, we have f of k comma x is equal to f of kt comma x. Intuitively, for security, we require that if an adversary has a key for some constraint t, then he or she should not be able to evaluate the PRF at points that are outside the constraint. A natural question to ask is, how do you express these constraints? So we have constructions for different constrained families. The most basic family is called puncturable PRFs. And in this case, the key can evaluate the PRF at all points except the punctured points. So you have keys corresponding to input points, and that key can evaluate the PRF at all inputs that are not equal to the punctured point. And it turns out that the GGM84 PRF construction already gives us puncturable PRFs. So we can get these from one-way functions. And these have been really useful in the context of indistinguishability obfuscation because of the punctured programming approach as introduced by Sahain Waters. A more expressive functionality is called the bit fixing functionality, where you have a key for a string s. And this string s fixes some bits, and the other bits are unfixed. And this key can be used to evaluate at all inputs, which match the fixed bits. And Boney and Waters showed a multi-linear maps-based construction, and this has applications and optimal broadcast encryption. In fact, in the same work, Boney and Waters actually showed that you can construct the most general family of constrained PRFs called circuit constrained PRFs, where your key is corresponding to a circuit c. And you can evaluate the PRF at all inputs that are accepted by the circuit. So Boney and Waters showed a multi-linear maps-based construction, and later, Boney's and Waters showed an IO-based construction. And this has direct applications and identity-based non-interactive key exchange, and if you combine this with IO, you also get something called traded tracing. So given this, it might seem that we have everything that we can ask for, but circuits have one major restriction, and that is that circuits can handle only bounded-length inputs. So this means that the identity-based non-interactive key exchange scheme can only work for an a priori bounded number of users. So then a natural question to ask is, well, can we construct something for an unbounded number of users? And that would require you to have constraints which work for unbounded-length inputs. So this question was first studied by Awusala Fuchs-Bauer and Petershek in 2014, and they gave us constraint PR construction where the constraint could be expressed as a Turing machine. And so this is probably the most general thing that you can have, and this gives us identity-based non-interactive key exchange for unbounded users and also broadcast encryption for unbounded users. However, the one limitation here is that this construction is based on something called knowledge-based assumptions. So let me talk a bit more about knowledge-based assumptions, and for that, I'll have to deviate a bit and talk about code obfuscation. The goal of code obfuscation is to make programs maximally unintelligible. So you have a program P. You obfuscate the program to construct another program P prime. And this program P prime is functionally identical to the program P. However, the hope is that this P prime hides the secrets that are inside P. So how do you formalize that? There are various security notions. The strongest one is called virtual black box obfuscation, which essentially says that if you give an adversary obfuscated code, it's the same as giving the adversary oracle access to the code. So the adversary only learns the input of behavior, but does not learn anything about the implementation. Unfortunately, this is too good to be true, and we have certain impossibility results, as shown by Barakatal. A weaker notion is called differing input obfuscation, where the security guarantee is as follows. If you have two circuits or two programs, P1 and P2, and their obfuscations are distinguishable, then there exists an extractor that can extract a differing input. So in other words, if the programs P1 and P2 are such that it's hard to find a differing input, then their obfuscations are computationally indistinguishable. Now, even for this, we have certain implausibility results, as shown by Boyle et al., Garg et al., and in a recent work by Bilal et al., we'll hear more about this on Thursday. A weaker notion which evades all of these implausibility results is called public coins differing input obfuscation. So I won't talk about what this notion is, but this also has the same extractability kind of assumptions involved. And finally, the weakest of these assumptions is called indistinguishability obfuscation, where the guarantee that you have is that if two programs P1 and P2 are functionally identical, then their obfuscations are computationally indistinguishable. So you have this broad spectrum of security assumptions, and if you're on the green side, it's believed to be good, and as you move more and more towards the red, it becomes more and more risky. So going back to the construction of Abu Salat et al., their construction is based on public coins differing input obfuscation, which is an extraction-based security notion. So a natural question would be whether we can construct constrained PRFs for Turing machines directly using IO. So that's the central question of our work. Can we build constrained PRFs for Turing machines based on indistinguishability obfuscation? Now, it might be a bit tempting to use IO for Turing machines. So we know how to get circuit constrained PRFs using IO for circuits, as was shown by Bonnet and Zandri. And we also know how to construct IO for Turing machines based on IO for circuits. So now it might be, we might think that you can get Turing machine constrained PRFs directly from IO for circuits. Unfortunately, this does not work out because the Turing machine IO works only with bounded length inputs. So we cannot use this result directly, but what we can do is we can use some of the tools that were involved in the KLW construction to get Turing machine constrained PRFs. So that brings us to our results. Assuming IO for circuits and runway functions, we show a constrained PRF scheme for Turing machines. And as it turns out, a similar construction also gives us attribute-based encryption for Turing machines. So we get this almost for free. So in this talk, I'll only focus on the first result. Assuming IO and runway functions, we get constrained PRFs for Turing machines. So let me now define the security for constrained PRFs. We'll be looking at the selective security game where you have a challenger and an adversary. The challenger first chooses a PRF key key. The adversary then sends its challenge input X star and it receives either the PRF evaluation or a truly random string. And then there's a key query phase where the adversary is allowed to send Turing machines M sub i with the constraint that M sub i of X star is equal to zero. And the adversary receives a key for M sub i. So finally, after polynomially many such queries, the adversary finally sends its guess whether Y star is a pseudo random string or truly random string. So once again, coming back to IO for circuits, if you have two circuits, C1 and C0 and C1 that are functionally identical, then we want that indistinguishability obfuscation guarantees that their obfuscations are computationally indistinguishable. And the good thing is that starting with the work of Garg Gentry, Halevi, Reiko, Asahi, and Waters, we now have a number of candidates for indistinguishability obfuscation. So now let's start looking at the construction and to begin with, let's look at how to get PRFs for unbounded inputs. This is trivial, right? So suppose if you have a PRFf which works with bounded length inputs, then to get unbounded length inputs, you can just hash down the input and then apply the PRF. So suppose you have a long input, then you can apply the hash function in a Merkle tree fashion and then you get your string V and you can output f of k comma V. So the reason I mentioned this trivial thing is because our construction also starts off with this and our base PRF is actually very similar. So in our construction, our base PRF looks as follows and it's very similar to the one I showed before except that we require something called puncturable PRF functions, puncturable PRFs and we require special hash function h. So both of these are only for the security proof and I'll talk more about these shortly. And the constraint key is a bit more interesting. So we have a next, so every machine m is associated with a next step function. So this next step function takes the state and the symbol as input and outputs a new state and a new symbol and the head movement. So our constraint key for such a machine m consists of the hash function h together with two obfuscated programs. The first one is program iterate and the second one is program start. So program start basically takes a string V and it outputs a signature on the starting state and the string V. And looking ahead, if someone wants to use this program, they would hash the input to the string V and then compute a signature on the starting state from the string V. The program iterate is slightly more complicated and essentially it's running the next step function iteratively. So it takes the timestamp P, the position P and the symbol and the state and a hash of the input V. And it computes the next step and the next step function which is basically computing the next state and the next symbol and if the state is the final symbol, it outputs f of k comma V. Otherwise it outputs the strings, otherwise it outputs a new state and the new symbol. However, this is clearly not secure because you can run this on, the adversary can run this on arbitrary inputs. So we want to somehow prevent the adversary from running this on arbitrary states and arbitrary symbols. So for that, we'll need some additional inputs. The first one is an input H which will be the hash of the working tape and using H, the program verifies that the symbol is at the position P. So in this way, the adversary cannot send a wrong symbol at position P. And similarly, we also require a signature. So the program first verifies the signature on input, the state and the hash. And at the end, it outputs a signature on the new state and the new hash. So this is what the program looks like. It takes a timestamp P, a position P and it takes a state and the symbol. It takes a hash of the input. It takes a hash of the working tape and the signature. It first verifies that symbol is at position P and then it verifies the signature on the state and the hash, computes the next step, using the new symbol, it updates the hash and then outputs a new signature. So there are two things that I did not talk about is how do you verify that a symbol is at a position P and how do you update your hash efficiently? Well, these are easy with Merkle trees. So if you want to prove that a message M is at a position P, all you need to give is the hash function values from the root to the node. So all you need is a logarithmic number of hash values. So giving a proof is easy. And similarly, to update your hash, all you need is the intermediate hash values from the root to the node. So once again, you can do this only with a logarithmic number of hash values. So till now, we have not used any special properties of our hash function. And this would work for any arbitrary hash function. So the specialness comes in the security proof. So let's go back to the security game where the challenger chooses a key k, the adversary sends an input x star, and the challenger either sends f of k comma hash of x star or a random string. So let v star denote the hash of x star. And finally, the adversary. For now, let's just look at one message query, one machine query where the adversary sends a machine m such that m of x star is 0. And the challenger outputs the hash function h together with two obfuscated programs. Now the problem here is that the program iterate contains the prf key k, which means that we need to somehow argue that this program does not reveal f of k comma v star. So at this point, we use the puncturable prf property, and we want to argue that if we replace the key k with the key that's punctured at v star, even then it's fine. So what we want to argue is that these two programs are computationally indistinguishable. However, we cannot use the security of IO directly because these two programs are clearly different functionally. The hope is that the adversary cannot find an input x such that it hashes to v star. However, to work with IO, we need certain IO-friendly primitives, and common general collision resistant hash functions do not work. So in our construction, we require something called positional accumulators, which is a stronger notion of hash functions. And we require splitable signature schemes, which are a stronger notion of general signature schemes. And both of these are constructed in the work on constructing IO for Turing machines. So using these primitives, we are able to show that these two programs are computationally indistinguishable. In fact, if we use the KLW techniques directly, then that will give us an exponential number of hybrids. But we use some extra techniques to cut out the exponential number of hybrids to only polynomial number of hybrids. So once we go to program iterate prime, after that we can use the puncturable prf security to argue that the adversary does not learn anything about the prf evaluation at the string v star. So to conclude, we construct constrained prs for Turing machines based on IO and runway functions. And this directly gives us constructions such as unbounded broadcast encryption and unbounded identity-based non-interactive key exchange. So note that we already had constructions for these primitives before. But our work can be seen as something that unifies all of these together. And finally, we also show attribute-based encryption for Turing machines. Once again, we knew how to do function encryption for Turing machines, but this construction is much simpler than the FE construction. So with that, I conclude the talk. Many time for questions. And can you say a word about adaptive security? OK, so no. So our construction only gives us selective security. But yeah, for all of these applications, you actually, the direct constructions actually give you adaptive security. But by our construction, we only get selective security. That's a good question. Complexly leveraging helps to get adaptive security. Complexly leveraging, if you assume sub-exponential security of IO. In the case of unbounded inputs, we cannot do complexity leveraging. So I mean, that's the, yeah. More questions? OK, so thank you again.


Welcome to Toffy TV, these are my three things that I've learned from today. Everton One, Huddersfield One at Godderson Park, a very, very dismal game and a poor performance by Everton, quite comfortably. Everton's Wales performance under Marko Silver and it just reminded me of Sam Allardy's performance, it was that bad. But let me begin with point number one, Seamus Coleman. What has happened to Seamus this season so far? He started the season really poorly. He just doesn't listen. He came back from a terrible injury last season, he was outstanding in his face, came back and then he was okay. You know, he was a little bit up and down to the end of the season and that's exactly how you'd expect it to be after a bad injury. He had a full pre-season but he just hasn't got going this season at all and today I thought he was really poor and it's unlike him because he's normally in those kind of games where we're up against the team that doesn't really want to come out. They were made up with a point that fans were celebrating it and everything else. He's really key to the way we play, of getting in behind their defence and bombing forward and putting them under pressure and he looked like he was way off the pace today. They left wingers skinned them three or four or five times, just left them for dead night. Very rarely do I see Seamus getting skinned. It was just, it was quite worrying to be honest with you and you know, we need a catering to get him out of a mess a couple of times after he'd been left for dead so I'm a little bit concerned at the way he started the season. I think knowing Seamus he'll come on strong over the next few weeks but just at the minute he's given me a little bit of a worry because I looked at him and just thought if we lose what you bring to us, you know, can John Joe Kenny do that? I don't know. He was excellent the other night but offensively I don't know where Seamus has offered us so much from that position. It is early days of course and he will get better but I just thought he was exceptionally poor today by his own standards and it's obviously been kind of highlight, sorry, heightened because we just didn't cut them open enough and we needed him to be bombing down that right hand side and getting deliveries into the penalty area or having shots himself and one time he'd done it in the second half he was in acres of space and he kicked the ball out and you're like oh but you know let's just wait and see what happens with him you know I think he'll come back strong of course I do but just at the minute it's not going well for Seamus. Second thing I want to talk about today is Marko Silver's substitutions. I think in general everything Marko's done so far has been excellent. I think I like the way we play, I like the way we press, I like the fact everybody's seemed to be united in it. Okay today it wasn't great but there's going to be these bumps in the road. It's the start of something. We're not two years down the line and we're not seeing things. We can see an identity, we can see the way Evan can play and we can see that every player he changes tries to do what's gone before so you know I'm not having a pop-up mark on the slightest I think he's great. Today though I just think his substitutions certainly one in particular didn't help and that was the substitution of Leighton Baines. I just thought I didn't understand it, I didn't understand it. I looked and thought why you know why you're bringing Baines on Lucas Dean unless he was injured and I don't think he was was was putting some fabulous crosses in, he was getting up and down that wing, he was a threat and I think I just don't understand why you did it. I think Cairn Dahl was the one that should have come on I think and the Guilfee Sigarton substitution as well as the two.  Okay no kind of issue with that and listen Mark O Silver, but we ended up with four players up front. We had Luckman, Calvert Llewyn, Toton and the Astana win the game so you can't really have a go on with that. It didn't work out because we didn't do anything when we had the ball but it wasn't for the one to try. But I just thought it didn't need Guilfee Sigarton taking off. I don't know why you know I'm a Tom Davis fan but I don't think he played well at all today. So I would have been, I'd have took him off and dropped Guilfee backing alongside Snidlin and I'd have put Cairn Dahl ahead of them and just said to Cairn Dahl go and get involved in the game. Jane Toton, you're always going to leave players on who can get you the goal but he did look tired maybe, no ask for him. But Lucas Dean won, just didn't make sense to me. It really didn't so you know and on the subject of substitutions Adam Ola Luckman come on and for me was was really poor. Yeah just really poor. He's got a lot of ability we know that but he needs to he needs to simplify his game. He needs to stop being Peter Beagle. He's quick and direct. Run-up players get in the box, put balls into the box. He put one brilliant crossing and someone should have been there to tap it in and we'd have won the game but he lost the ball so many times by thinking he could run through four players. It's just it was mad he needs to simplify that. Anyway that wasn't one of the points. And the third and final point is the performance of K2 who I thought was fantastic today. He's a real strong quick powerful centre back on something we've needed, that pace at the back we've needed since Sylvan Distan and even a bit before Distan's last couple of years as he slowed down slightly but that pace can get you out of trouble and it got evident out of trouble a couple of times because a couple of times we were just too open. One was from a gold kick by Losson. The lad just pulled it down on the edge of our box and Zuma come across and they ended up knocking it back and someone screwed it wide. Another time it was in Cullman got skin Zuma was there when Holgate slipped and got out Muscle Zuma came across and won the ball. He was just fantastic. For me he was man of the match. A real powerful strong display and it's we've needed a centre back like that for a while. If we can get Yeri Mina fit you just think of those two at the heart of the defence and you think teams are going to struggle to get through us. And then obviously it's up to Michael Keane, Mason Holgate to try and out and to try and out those two but at the moment absolutely thrilled with Cair Duma. Mason does some great stuff and then some other stuff he lets himself down but he's got the makings of being a really good centre back but I think he needs to get on a bit more weight and just be better than he is. But what to you my timing of the headers but Cair Duma for me today was man of the match so absolutely delighted with his display on and otherwise takes effort and performs because that's what it was. If you haven't subscribed please do show him and take a minute if you want more videos join us on Patreon. Check out Ped's instant match reaction and his player ratings. Check out my match reaction if you're so inclined but be some family actions up later as well. But that is it. Yn ti oedd y rest i'r weekend and I'll see you soon on Toffy TV.


was nice. Do you want to strike in on there? Let's get that on page two. White out. I was going to say love both, but the Argentinians just sunk it. Delete that. My course in international crisis. Boy, this is a quick change of mood. I have just had lunch with eight Soviet dissidents who have escaped and who are here in our country. Okay, we are ready anytime they are. Are you ready? They're ready. Yeah. Okay, we're ready. Stand by, please. Okay. State your name, your hometown, and our guest is going to have a few remarks that he'd like to make first. Then we'll take any questions that any of you would like. The President of the United States. Thank you, Roon. You know, I asked CBS for time to reply to that Bill Moyer show, and I guess this is what they gave me. But I really am happy to be able to speak with all of you attending the ABC affiliates meeting in Los Angeles. I understand the heavy hitters are out there. My friends Leonard Goldison, Elton Rule, Fred Pierce, Shadow, and I want you to know the mere mention of your names, George Magic. I told Sam Donaldson I'd be talking to you, and he got a case of instant laryngitis. You know, living and working here in Washington, I sometimes have the feeling I'm still doing a TV show, Fantasy Island. But it's always nice to get away even by satellite and find out what's on people's minds. I was going to do a 60-minute lecture on our nuclear reduction plan and the budget compromise, but they tell me you want to ask some questions. I think I'm going to like Q&A by satellite. If I don't like the question, I can just say we're having technical difficulties. So back to you, Roon, and the questions. Okay. Well, it's the first question. Mr. President, from the beginning of the Republic, the press media has enjoyed the privilege of free press in the protection of the First Amendment. My question is, do you believe in First Amendment rights for broadcasters? And if so, would you support legislation? In other words, would you support repeal of the Fairness Doctrine in Section 350 of this Unification Act? I have spoken myself on that and I'm on record favoring more freedom for broadcasting and the less regulation by government. And we are going to continue doing what we can administratively, and I would support legislation to further that. President, my name is Bob Rice from Dioria. I apologize. I wasn't there for your college homecoming last weekend. My question is, your policy on restricting strategic sales to Russia, how effective has that policy been today? Well, I think it has had an impact and it certainly has with regard to Poland. What we're more interested in, however, is enlisting our allies aid in shutting off credit to the Soviet Union and the satellites. This has brought them to a real, whether between a rock and a hard place, they are having great trouble. As you know, they've had to use some of their gold supply now, but we don't believe that we should be extending credit to them so they can continue with their massive military buildup. At the same time, they deny their people even the simplest of consumer items for the comfort and the health of their people. So we're going to continue on that path. And I believe that credit, far more than trade sanctions, is the important thing right now. McGraw Hill Broadcasting in San Diego, California. As president, most of us are deeply concerned about high interest costs. That's certainly true in San Diego where new housing is simply unattainable and the growth rate is slow dramatically. Can you tell us when you think those interest rates will drop to a more realistic level? Well, let me answer it this way. I think we're going to see them drop. I can't give you an exact date as to when that's going to be. But the reason for the high interest rates, the principal reason, no longer exists. We have brought inflation down much faster than we had ever anticipated or believed we could. And last month, as you all know, the inflation rate was not just lowered. It actually went below zero and we had a cut in prices. Now, the basic reason for high interest rates is that a lender must get back the loss of value of the money that takes place through inflation and then get on top of that whatever premium he believes is a fair return on his money for lending it. Well, now with inflation for the last six months down to a 3.2% average and as I say last month below zero, there is only one reason for the continued high interest rates. That is pessimism on the part of the money market and a lack of confidence that will stay the course. A lack of confidence that Congress won't return to its old ways and begin flooding the market with government programs and huge deficits and so forth and that we'll have what we've had in the previous seven or eight recessions since World War II, a temporary stimulant, a quick fix if you will, and then followed by a worse recession with higher inflation. I believe the answer to getting the interest rates down and down quickly and getting our people back to work is for the Congress to do, as I said the other day, get off the dime and pass this budget proposal of ours which will reduce over the next three years the deficits by 416 billion dollars and which will put us very close to and on the way to a balanced budget. In the meantime, I still believe that the money markets could show more confidence than they have but I think that that adoption of our budget with its continued reduction of the increase in government spending will send a signal to the markets that will bring the interest rates down and that's what must take place in order for us to have recovery. Next question, come on, here's your chance to speak to the president. My name is DeWine Triplett, I'm with the Alaska television network. We know you're there. I hope you know we're there too. Thank you, yes. Send a little oil once in a while. My question is very simple. Are you going to run for re-election in 1984? I think your question may be simple but it's a little premature. I have always believed that the people tell you whether you should run for re-election or not so I'll wait till closer to the time and listen to the people. The Social Security program will be bankrupt. Do you see that this system can be preserved? Yes I do. As a matter of fact we tried and made a proposal last year and it became a political football. We had known and we had stated that Social Security is actuarially out of imbalance has been for a number of years and that would not Social Security be able to get through the coming year the next year if we did not do something to put it on that sound basis. As I say it became a political football so we withdrew our plan and I asked our opponents to join with us and create a bipartisan commission to study and come back to us by the end of this year by December 31st with a plan for restoring the fiscal integrity of Social Security. That commission has been appointed that commission is at work and in spite of the demagoguery of the last few days trying to pretend that we're again attacking Social Security we're sticking with that and I am convinced that the problem is not so great but that it cannot be corrected and correct it without and this is important without taking away from the benefits now received by people dependent on Social Security those must be preserved but the organization must take place so that those young people just entering the workforce know that they too are going to get when the time comes the pension that they have paid for it very good next question maybe I'll ask the president I'm Bill McAllister from Lovett Texas I have the agency station Lovett but also served as mayor of Lovett and I want to personally thank you for the impact you have had on the federal government and streamlining and making it more efficient and effective in working with local government my question is are you pleased with the way we are accepting and adopting the new federalism program and what can we do as cities to be more qualified? Mr. Mayor thank you I am most pleased we've held meetings as you know with your fellow mayors with state legislators with city council county officials and with state governors and we've asked for input we didn't just come up with a plan that we wanted to force on local and state government but very simply as we all know the tenth amendment of the Bill of Rights has been ignored by the federal government it has usurped functions that properly belong at the local and state levels it has usurped the tax sources to pay for it and it is our intention to get those functions back to levels of government closer to the people and at the same time get back the sources of revenue required to pay for it we're not trying to balance our budget by dumping responsibilities and costs on local government but we have been very encouraged by the support that has been given us from every branch of local and state government and the help they've given us in input and suggestions as to how we can better make this new federalism work to be on the television station at the same time it's got to be a politician's dream isn't it? There's a man who has no trouble getting on the evening news. The President has time for just one more question. Mr. President, I'm Oliver Gillespie with WQAD, Pauline Illinois. When is the turnaround in the recovery going to come? I believe that this recession is in what they call the trough bottoming out and I believe that in the latter half of this year we are going to see the recovery. I think it will be hastened, as I said before, if we quit wasting time here in Washington and get that budget adopted so that people know and particularly the money market knows that we are not confronted with the gigantic deficits that will exist if we don't do something. But there are some signs, the very fact of inflation being down to where it is, interest rates are down about 20% from where they were at the beginning of last year, but that's not nearly enough. They've got to come back or come down more. We're working toward that end. I have been meeting just today with business leaders representing small business, representing corporate business and representing the trade and business associations and all of them told me they are united in support of our budget proposals and this I think is going to bring the turnaround. There are other signs that could indicate this bottoming out, but I think it'll take too much time and they'd be too technical to try and say here, but I am encouraged that we're going to see a very definite change in the latter half of this year. Mr. President, on behalf of all of the ABC-Asilius family, we thank you very much for taking time out of very busy day and speaking to us. Thank you very much. Well, thank you for giving me the opportunity and God bless you. Have a have a good meeting. The technical problem turned out to be that the President hasn't finished his lunch yet. Thank you for your support and kill the others. Thank you. Thank you very much. Look at there. He's given me by a reverend who was persecuted for his religion today at this luncheon, and this was made in prison secretly. The prisoners made these little scriptures that they could pass around so they could still believe and have some simple of their belief. Gulag. Well, thank you very much. Thank you very much.


When you think about your future, don't just think about digitization or automation. It's 10 different things. It's cognification, things becoming smart. It's robotization, it's augmentation, it's virtualization moving into the cloud and that brings huge changes. The first industry, music. Second one, media, films, television, marketing, advertising, currently transportation. Cars are moving into the cloud, basically. Mobility as a service. Banking, and right next to that, accounting, bookkeeping, insurance. Huge shifts, I think, that we need to adapt to figure out what they actually mean, to think about how we can go into a future where that becomes a new normal. Our future workmates may be more machines.


Welcome to another edition of Yes We're Here! NYC edition today because we have got Ismail Tejuri Shradi, one of the NYC FC stars joining us on the show. Ismail, first and foremost, how are you doing? How are you coping through this difficult time? First of all, thanks for having me. I'm doing very well actually after these tough times but yeah keep me busy, feeling really good and yeah let's see what's how long it's gonna take but we are in good hands so let's see. It's very difficult for anybody going through this but how difficult is it for an athlete?  How is that for an athlete? I think how you say yeah for a athlete is really actually really tough because you come just, you came from the pre-season, very hard pre-season after a couple of weeks of traveling, have a very good work with the team, with the whole squad and then you just get in the games where you was waiting for it. Yeah after a few games we get to stop again. It's very hard for me for every player I think but it is what it is. We have to take it like everyone. We have to deal with this situation right now and yeah to keep us busy, to keep us fit at home, to to go through this and to get back as soon as possible hopefully. So you're on a specific training program from the club right now? Of course yeah we get every week by week a plan from our athletic coach and we have to go through this training and that was a that what I'm doing right now to keep me fit and when we get back to the training to to be fit as as we can. Let's get into the business here okay you're born in Switzerland, you grew up in Austria and you play for Libya, the national team. Like what was behind the decision? I mean you could have played for any one of those countries in a professional soccer in the international stage. Like what was behind the decision to go for Libya? I think how we said yeah I had a lot of Bern in Sweden, grew up in Austria, my parents, my family is from Libya. Yeah the decision was a thing is was easy decision for me because my always dream to play for my national for my nationality and this is Libya and yeah from the family family side they was very happy that I decided to play for Libya and thing is for me the right the right decision to play for the national team of Libya and I'm very proud to play for this national team and hopefully we can have more more positive things coming in the next few years. How was the experience for you playing obviously you played at a very high level in Austria, how was that experience for you obviously growing up there than playing you know at the top level? Yeah I would say that came from Libya to Austria and then I just grew up in Austria where I was a young kid I played for a small team called Fortuna. After one year I came transferred to Austria Vienna is one of the big clubs in Austria and yeah from there I go from all the way up from the caddy from the young under 12 under to the academy from the academy to the second team second team to the first team yeah I go all through the through the through the ages and yeah I just just happy about it to to get through the the old the old teams what is not of course not easy but yeah it was keep me going every day and then yeah just I was happy when I get my first minutes in the professional soccer professional I just was amazing and then I get after a couple of me of course with Austria Vienna I get alone with school Alta I was there for two and a half years was very important for me to get to get some steps really in the professional team to get more minutes than I had in Austria Vienna and it was very important for me for my career so after that I come back to Austria Vienna I had very very very good two years we played two years in the role in the Europa League we had a very good year we came in the group stage so it was a very good experience for me yeah I learned in New York City so yeah I think you might know this through my broadcast and of course we we have a good personal relationship as well and you're one of my favorite players and it's not just because of your ability but we're happy to have you of course in New York City and of course throughout the broadcast I show my enthusiasm for how you play the passion you show but why did you choose to come to New York and to play for NYCFC first of all thanks appreciate that I am one of your players who certainly are yeah thanks my appreciate and yeah so as was that this usually was I think first first of all wasn't easy because you know coming from Europe back in America we have no idea how was everything work but then when I hear very good things of course then I get when I hear that okay in New York City if you want me and are very interested to have me so I was as was very easy decision to just say okay I want to make the next steps I wanted to club myself I think it was the right decision after two years I'm here I have to say this was the best decision ever ever make it well we're certainly happy to have you know I want to know something that a lot of people don't know about you you speak English you speak German and what other languages do you speak yes big English German and Arabic English German and Arabic okay so I speak English and I can also speak a little Germany German because of my time in German as you know so I think that's maybe something the public now know about as well what about something else that you've been doing during this difficult time where you're on lockdown I mean how are you filling your time you reading books watching movies or are you getting creative actually yeah I'm I'm keeping me busy with how I say with trainings now I'm doing a lot cooking a lot that's the thing what I was never think I'm gonna do it so that's that's how I how I keep me busy during my whole day at home I'm cooking now every day almost every day since the lockdown so yeah it's going really good actually I was not think that I'm very good cook us so but if I see what they cook the last few days last few weeks is just amazing it's an amazing new talent that you've discovered I love that what about something that you're missing from the game right now of course the locker room and the training field is something that you would miss because it's day-to-day but what about the game like what do you miss most about not being able to play right now is actually very hard because you have your routine when you wake up you go to you have your routine you go to the facility you meet your teammates you have fun with your teammates you have yeah you will have a good session so I miss all I miss all of this stuff training I miss all my teammates to have fun all together and of course the games especially the home games front of our fans I just miss it a lot it's been now a long time so yeah I miss it I hopefully we can we can come come back as soon as possible but now right now I think it's just to is football is right now not the first team so we have to take care of each other and then if it's everyone to care of each other stay healthy and then after this tough time is gonna come the best time so we can't wait for that and how I say I just miss everything of training games home games so yeah let's see how long it's gonna take but it's gonna it's gonna come the good the good times as well I don't think I could have said it any better myself now there's a bit of breaking news just coming through I'm watching on social media NYCFC will partner with the Yankees or they have partnered with the Yankees and will contribute a 1.4 million COVID-19 disaster relief program for NYCFC game day staff that's for breaking news for people who are watching on right now Ismail to jury Shradi thank you so much I've got mad respect for you for the person you are for the player that you are as well I personally can't wait to see you back out on the field thank you so much for joining us today thank you so much I have thanks for having me and appreciate your work keep it going and can't wait to see you all


Today we're shining a spotlight on a cemetery from Riton, New Mexico. I started the Fairmont Cemetery page back in 2019. Since the cemetery has almost 7,000 memorials, I've created supplemental space pages, one for each section. Each section's page has a table for all of those buried in the cemetery in that section. The cemetery category has almost 3,000 profiles in it. Are you related to any of them? Also available on this page is a link to view a map of profiles.


Now, in business, Nigerians have been urged to show patriotism in whatever they do in order to get the country going on rather in terms of productivity and put away all tendencies to cheat. Founder and President of the National Association of Government-Approved Freight Forwarders Nagaaf, Boniface and Nyebonam stated this in an interview with PLOS TV African News. Of course, Lovie Koko Yerukun has more in this report. Nigeria is considered one of the most challenging countries to do business due to systemic corruption. The country is setting this up to $1.95 billion in government revenue and $8.15 billion from the private sector annually due to corruption at the Nigerian ports. These losses no doubt constrict government programs and the capacity to develop and improve much needed public infrastructure. President of the National Association of Government-Approved Freight Forwarders Nagaaf, Boniface and Nyebonam, holds strongly that corruption is a fallout of non-compliance attitude or infractions on the part of government agents. The issue of bribery, the giver and the taker are culpable and we will never solve the problem because nobody is being irresponsible, that's a problem. So we should start thinking, what do we do? How do we get somebody irresponsible? If we do that, we have to add a lot of value in fighting corruption. So the non-compliance attitude or infraction, as it were, is still a very big problem. Nagaaf President said emphasis should be placed on production. Revenue is important, government needs the money. The world should be looking at the issue of production. That is how we can jumpstart the economy. The more we happen revenue, the more the country is going down, the more we are poorer. He spoke on port congestion which he attributed to a lot of factors, including more goods coming into the port at numbering the ones living. Trade policies of the government, inconsistency. People not being genuine in their declarations for custom purpose. They drive for revenue. Sometimes people cannot even pay what they were asked to pay. So most time we do not provide the opportunity for planning. If you plan it, it's going to fail. Maybe at the time you are going to say so many things. Anirbunam renewed his call for a presidential order in terms of declaration of emergency at the port level. From Lagos, Love Ikuku Oyeduku reporting for PLAS TV, Africa.


If it feels like we have had this discussion before, it's because we have. The last time the NASCAR Cup Series was going to Atlanta, they were in the midst of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. And it was right after the NBA had canceled their season. It was when the NHL had at least put their seasons on hold. And NASCAR was like, hey, we're still gonna go. We're still gonna have this race without fans, et cetera, et cetera. So we had a podcast on it. We had a discussion around this race and this exact same format. And then it got canceled. So instead, they are going back to Atlanta this weekend to try things again, and hopefully the return trip goes better than the initial one. Welcome on into the Heat Check Fantasy podcast powered by Number Fire. That is right here on the FanDuel Podcast Network and NumberFire.com. My name is Jim Sonnis. I am a senior writer and analyst for NumberFire.com. Here to break down the folds of honor quick trip 500 down in Atlanta for the NASCAR Cup Series and let you know all the strategies you need to know for NASCAR DFS and my favorite drivers in each salary tier. Lock for this weekend is at 3 p.m. Eastern time on Sunday. Once again, there will be no qualifying. So you can fill out lineups as soon as qualifying order has been released. It has not been yet as of Thursday morning. So we'll not have the benefit of knowing where drivers are starting. But because the way Atlanta works doesn't really matter all that much right where they're starting. But the qualifying ranges of drivers will matter. We'll talk about that in just a bit. If you were listening to this podcast prior to Saturday night you can also check out our UFC 250 DFS podcast with myself and Austin Swame as Austin broke down his favorite fighters for UFC 250. That is coming up on Saturday. I believe Lock for that is at 4 p.m. So make sure you check out the Number Fire Daily Fantasy podcast feed wherever you get your podcasts next week to NASCAR podcast because there will be a race on Wednesday and then a race on Sunday. So a lot of stuff happening here in this feed. So make sure you are subscribed and golf is back next week. So Brandon Gadoul and I gonna have a discussion about that coming up on Monday right here at the same time. As mentioned though, UFC 250 is coming up on June 6th on Saturday and there is no better way to bet the fights than on Fandals Sportsbook. Right now new users can get an exclusive odds boost when you sign up. Just join Fandals Sportsbook and they will boost Amanda Nunez's odds to beat Felicia Spencer from minus 800 to plus 250. That means you can bet up to $20 on the favorite to win up to $50. To claim your exclusive odds boost just sign up for Fandals Sportsbook and deposit to see the odds. 21 plus and president in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana, West Virginia and Colorado first online wager only except in Colorado must wager in designated offer market $10 minimum first deposit acquired, $50 max bonus gambling problem called 1-800-GAMBLER in Indiana, call 1-800-9 with it and in West Virginia visit 1-800-GAMBLER.NET and finally in Colorado call 1-800-522-4700. Let's take a look at the track breakdown here for Atlanta and the big thing about this track to know is the length of the race because it is a 500 mile race which is 325 laps which is tied for the second longest race at a one and a half mile track we will have all of this season. That gives us 32.5 Fandal points for lap sled and anytime we have a race that is this long we need to emphasize getting lap leaders into our lineups and for this race specifically that's going to mean targeting studs near the front of the pack because it's not anything to do with the heavy tire wear nature it has nothing to do with Atlanta hypothetically being tough to pass it's all about the way the starting order is set. They are setting the starting lineup the same way they did for Sunday's race in Bristol. The top 12 cars and owner points will start in the top 12 spots for the race. They will then draw to set the order of those 12. Then they will do the same for cars 13th or 24th and owner points. That means the 12 cars that have had the best performances so far this year will occupy the top 12 spots in the starting order and those are the drivers most likely to lead laps. If you look at my model entering this race each of the top eight drivers in my model will be drivers starting in the top eight or in the top 12 spots. The drivers starting in the top 12 are 12 of the top 14 drivers in my model so if you want elite drivers who can lead laps and for this race you do you need them to be starting at the front of the pack. To me I think the idea way to play this is to have two potential lap leaders at least in each lineup at least being a keyword there you need at least two lap leaders per lineup. There have been 13 races at one and a half mile tracks using the current rules package which went into place after the Atlanta race last year. There have been 28 drivers who have led at least 18.5% of the laps in those races which is equivalent to 60 laps led or six fan dual points on Sunday and 12 drivers have led the equivalent to 100 laps. So in all likelihood we're going to have two drivers on Sunday who lead a meaningful number of laps. If we can predict who that is and put them on our rosters we'll be in a really good spot for DFS. So from a studs perspective I want them to start at the front. I don't care too much if they're like first or eighth like that's not a huge difference to me that will change things a bit but you can run multiple grooves on this track you can make passes, there's tire wear they'll be comers and goers so the difference between starting first and starting sixth is not as big as it was last week. But overall I think the key here is I want two studs in each lineup kind of regardless of where they start as long as I'm at the top 12 I don't really care too much where they're starting but I do want two drivers who I think have the upside to lead laps less balance lineups and we would have other places. As far as the value plays go I want them to start a bit further back because the qualifying procedure is going to help with that as well. We're going to have cheap drivers who will be starting in the middle of the pack and with the way things are set up that's guaranteed. I can say that now I can guarantee you there'll be good driver starting in the middle of the pack. The sweet spot for the value plays so far this year in this package has seemed to be drivers starting right around the middle of the pack. There have been three races at a one and a half mile track so far this year all of which have used the same rules package. Those three races have produced eight drivers in perfect lineups who had salaries below $10,000. Seven of those eight drivers started 19th or lower. In Las Vegas another race where qualifying did not happen qualifying was rained out there so the field was set by points for drivers who were cheap made the perfect lineup. They all started 19th or lower. So you can make up ground in this qualifying package and you can make the perfect lineup and that's a really important thing to know. We're going to have some speedy value plays starting outside the top 20 and honestly there are even some drivers I don't dislike who are going to start between 25th and 36th. So we're going to have good place differential drivers at our disposal and more often than not we should be looking to take advantage because those are the kinds of value plays that tend to pay off on this track type. So from a roster construction perspective our default build should be two studs who can lead laps then three value plays who can get place differential. If you find a mid-range play who can also lead laps and we'll talk about a couple that's even better and there are enough laps for that to be viable here and potentially get a third lap leader in your roster. So that's the way I'm looking at things overall this weekend. To determine which drivers are capable of doing that whether it be leading laps or moving their way forward just look at recent races in Charlotte and Darlington because Atlanta is I guess kind of a blend of those two. It is a one and a half mile track with heavy tire wear. Charlotte is the exact same configuration and the exact same length of Atlanta and Darlington has heavy tire wear. So if you combine those two together we should know who is going to compete on Sunday. We can also look back at races earlier this year in Fontana and at Las Vegas. Fontana heavy tire wear, Las Vegas a one and a half mile track though with lower banking than Atlanta. So outside of the races where we were going back to the same location for the second time in a couple of days this is arguably the best data we've had going into a race that we've had all season long. That is a good thing. We want good data to inform our decisions and we have that here and we should lean heavily on that info to decide which drivers want to target both among the studs and among the value plays. So to recap here strategies for Atlanta we want two studs to lead laps in each lineup. We want to look for a place differential among our value plays. Also look for potential mid-range lap leaders and if you're trying to decide any of that lean on the data from Charlotte and Darlington and to a lesser extent Las Vegas and Fontana to decide which drivers can stand out for DFS. Those are the strategies for this weekend's race. With that in the books let's move to our tier by tier breakdown based on the salaries over on FanDuel starting off with the elite tier that is Kevin Harvick at $14,000 through Martin Truex Jr. who is $12,200. And to me I think Harvick absolutely deserves to be the favorite for this race. He ranked first in my betting model right now but it's not just that he is first. He is really in a tier of his own. It is actually the eighth best ranking anybody has ever had my model dating back to the start of 2019 which is insane when you consider there is no practice. Practice can really move drivers in the positive direction. We don't have that date on Harvick but he still grades out as being like really, really good in my model. There have been nine drivers with a model projection within a half position of Harvick in either direction and those drivers have won four of the nine races and have been in the top 10 all nine races. So I think Harvick is first. I think he is in the tier of his own and I'm gonna try to be overweight on him this weekend regardless of where he draws or qualify. Track history doesn't matter all that much to me but Harvick has also been good this year so I would say he is your deserving number one stud for this race. After Harvick, my model ranks this tier Joey Logano, Chase Elliott, Brad Kezalowski, Martin Truex Jr. and Kyle Busch. A lot of times I will disagree with my model. I don't disagree here, I think that's actually the way I would rank them personally as well and I'm comfortable being low on Busch again because he just hasn't really had it this year. He has yet to have a top five average running position this year. Even if we lower that to top seven average running positions, he has done that once so far this year. Whereas last year through the first nine races, he had done that eight times. So I'm okay being off of Kyle Busch a bit. I'm also okay being high on Joey Logano and Brad Kezalowski. The Penske racing cars were dominant here last year, all three of them. Kezalowski won, Logano and Ryan Blaney both had cars capable of winning but just got pinned to lap down due to a poorly timed caution. The model has Logano ranked higher due to what he did mostly in Las Vegas but he was good in Charlotte too. So I'm actually okay ranking them the same way my model does which is Harvick, Logano, Chase Elliott, Kezalowski, Truex and Kyle Busch. The second tier on Fandall is Denny Hamlin at $12,000 through Jimmy Johnson at $10,000 and in this tier, Johnson is the only one starting outside the top 12 and I am okay with him here. If there is a cheaper driver I think has the potential to lead laps or if there is just, I have the salary. Like if I have the salary to get to Johnson without giving up lap sled, I will use him because I think that's totally okay. We could get a situation similar to what we had last week because in that race, I thought Ryan Blaney had a lot of laps at upside but he was really cheap and so when I paired Blaney with Brad Kezalowski or Joey Logano for my lap leaders I had enough guys at the front to lead laps and I had the flexibility to afford Jimmy Johnson. I think that's probably where I'll be again this weekend but Johnson overall is in a pretty good spot. He was fast in Darlington, had the tire wear track, he had a top 10 average running position in Las Vegas, Fontana and Charlotte so he's a situational guy where he needs to fit your bill, need to make sure you get your lap leaders in first because he's probably not gonna do that but I will definitely get some Johnson in the line it's where I can afford him without giving up lap sled. Blaney factors into that equation once again here because he is $10,500 and last year in Atlanta Blaney led 41 laps after starting 26th. He had a really good car, just didn't get the finish to show for it. He finished third in both the Charlotte races this year. He almost won in both Las Vegas and in Fontana so Blaney is a really good option. If you want someone who is cheap and can lead laps and can win Blaney fits that really well at 10-5. Alex Bowman a bit more expensive but he's kind of in that same mold too. He won in Fontana, the heavy tire wear track, he won stages in Charlotte and Darlington and is due for some positive aggression from a fishing perspective. So Bowman fits, Kurt Busch is 11,000, he runs well here and he runs well in general tracks with heavy tire wear. He had a top 10 average running position in one of the Darlington races and one of the Charlotte races so Busch is in consideration. The reason that I'm lower on him than Blaney and Bowman is that I don't think he has the same potential to dominate and lead a lot of laps so I think that Blaney and Bowman can do that. Because Blaney is cheaper I will put him highest among that three followed by Bowman and then Busch but I am willing to consider all three of them to potentially lead laps and finish really well. Denny Hamlin's in this tier from a salary perspective but his true speed I think is in the next tier up. He's kind of similar to Martin Truex Jr. where he's been really good this year and he's kind of cheap. So I would say that Hamlin is atop this tier than Blaney, Bowman. I'd go Johnson ahead of Kurt Busch despite the fact that he's not gonna lead laps and then Kurt Busch would round out this tier but everyone's in play if you like them that's just the way that I would rank them personally. The mid tier on Fandula is William Byron at $9,400 through Eric Almerola at $8,000 and in this tier we have a couple of guys starting the top 12. Those are Clint Boyer and Eric Almerola. I'd rather use the guys starting further back within this tier but Boyer is at least kind of interesting for tournaments. He has had average running positions of sixth and eighth the past two Atlanta races. He generally runs well on slicker tracks as evidenced by his runs in Darlington and Stuart House racing cars have speed on this track type. So Boyer is a tournament consideration for me even though he's definitely not gonna be in a cash game roster. For cash games I would be most interested in Matti Benedetto, William Byron and Eric Jones. I think for upside you look at Byron and Jones first and it could kind of go either way between the two of them. Byron has just been so fast this year but he hasn't been able to convert. Jones has finished better. He just hasn't shown the same upside. Jones did have a top 10 average running position in both the Darlington races so he can do well on a slick track. He was seventh here last year so I kind of go back and forth but I think that if we're talking cash games I think I might go Byron over Jones just by a hair. I think upside is consideration in cash games too and Byron has that. So Byron over Jones in cash games, Boyer over Elmerola for the tournament plays at the front and I would rank both Byron and Jones ahead of Boyer in tournaments as well. So he's consideration but not a priority for me. The wild card here is Matti Benedetto at $8,600 because he's had bad results recently which means he will now start outside the top 12. He had been starting inside the top 12 previously but if you tell me right now on Thursday morning Matti Benedetto will start 24th with the speed he has in that car. I'm gonna have a lot of Matti Benedetto. He could go nuts from that position. So D Benedetto at $8,600 is probably someone I would consider for cash games depending on where he draws but he is a tournament play, a great tournament play. I just don't think he has the same upside to win as Jones and Byron which matters. So if any of those guys draws a 24th starting spot between Byron, Jones, D Benedetto I am going to love them for cash games but I think all three are in play for tournaments. If they draw a higher ranked in the order Byron, Jones, D Benedetto. The value tier is Tyler Redick at $7,800 through Ricky Stenhouse Jr. at $6,600 and everyone in this tier is starting in the same tier. They're starting between 13th and 24th so I think I can just rank them straight up. The guy at the top of that list might be a surprise but it's Austin Dillon. Dillon is $7,500. He is $300 cheaper than his teammate Tyler Redick and Dillon has been really, really good since coming back from the break. He has had a top 10 average running position or he did have a top 10 average running position in both the Charlotte races. Redick was good in those two. So I'm not trying to downplay him but Dillon's race and finishes are really legit. So I am in on both those guys because they were so good at Charlotte and I know they're not going to qualify all that well. So I'm going to put Dillon slightly higher than Redick but I think that both those guys are going to be good plays this weekend. After that, I would actually have Matt Kenseth at $7,000 in this tier. He hasn't been very good since coming back but he's also in the same equipment as Kurt Busch and Kurt Busch is $11,000 whereas Matt Kenseth is $7,000. That's a huge gap and in theory they have the same cars so Kenseth I think should get respect from us due to the equipment alone. I prefer Austin Dillon because he was so good at Charlotte but Kenseth at $7,000 could contend as well. So Kenseth would be an except for me behind the two Richard Childers racing cars. I'd go Newman and then Ricky Stenhouse Jr. to round out this tier. The punting tier on Fandle is Chris Buscher at $6,300 on down and there are some really fun names in this tier starting outside the top 24. The two main ones are Christopher Bell and Cole Custer. Bell had a top 15 average running position in both the Charlotte races and again that's a sister track to this one. He won the Xfinity Series race in Atlanta last year. He mopped up, he led 142 out of 163 laps, that is domination. So I think what we've seen since the break is Bell getting used to the Cup Series car and rounding into four which is good. I will buy into that surge on a hyper-talented driver. Cole Custer actually did finish second behind Bell in that Xfinity Series race last year but to me the main appealing Custer is his equipment. Seward House Racing is going to give him a fast car and he could be starting as far back as 36. So it's going to be Bell over Custer for me and I think both could be really solid values if you wanna get up to guys like Jimmy Johnson, like William Byron and like Aaron Jones or Eric Jones for their place differential. So Bell and Custer are really good punting options. We have three drivers starting in the top 24 this year. It's Chris Buscher, John Hunter, Nima Check and Bubba Wallace and that does hurt their appeal, especially given that we have Bell and Custer who will not be starting that high. So I'm gonna rank Bell and Custer higher than these guys no matter what. But they will at least have some reason for consideration. Buscher finished ninth in Atlanta last year in worse equipment than he has right now. Nima Check and Wallace both had top 18 average running positions in the second Charlotte race. Wallace was also up there in the second Darlington race with heavy tire wearer. So I'm not out on those two guys or these three guys I should say with Buscher in there and I'd rank them Buscher, Nima Check and Wallace but I know that no matter how qualifying breaks, the draw breaks, I am going to rank Christopher Bell and Cole Custer as the main cash game considerations and the main tournament considerations in this tier as well. And then I'd also throw out Ryan Price at $5,000 especially if he draws like at the back end of this tier of that 25th through 36th tier, Ryan Price would be really good. We've seen Ricky Sinow Jr. his teammates run well, Buscher ran well on this car last year at this track. Price has had some really bad luck. So willing to go to Price but I rank him below both Bell and Custer within this punting tier. All right, let's close up shop here with the picks to win one above $10,000 and one below it on FanDuel. And I can't go against the model when it is so vehemently saying that Kevin Harvick should be the favorite for this race. So Kevin Harvick to me is the favorite. Like I would consider betting Kevin Harvick even though his betting odds are super short. He's plus 460 on FanDuel Sportsbook. It's really short. I would consider him at that number. So Kevin Harvick my pick to win among the expensive guys, among the cheaper guys we're going to stay in house and go with Clint Boyer, Kevin Harvick's teammate at Stewart Haas Racing. Really good in Darlington had a top 10 average running position in both those races with the heavy tire wear. He's been good the past two years in Atlanta and really good equipment. So Kevin Harvick and Clint Boyer, my two picks to win for this weekend in Atlanta. That is all the time that we have for today. Once again though, a lot of good stuff coming up here on the Number Fire Daily Fantasy podcast feed. Already have the UFC 250 preview with Austin Swain posted. Next week we have a pair of NASCAR podcasts and a PGA podcast with myself and Brandon Cadulla. So make sure you are subscribed to the Number Fire Daily Fantasy podcast feed. And if you like what you hear, please leave a rating and review as well. Big thank you to Calvin Theobald, our video producer, front of the video side of things here today. All these podcasts, at least most of them are going up on the FanDuel YouTube page as well. So if you want to see a video version, you can subscribe to the FanDuel YouTube page. Thank you, Cal, as always. And finally, thank you to everyone for tuning in today. I hope you all are being safe, being active, making your voices be heard and trying to make a difference in this world. I appreciate everyone who has done so already, but just be safe and be healthy. And hopefully we can have some fun watching some NASCAR this weekend and hopefully try to get to a better place in this world in the very near future. We'll talk to you all again next week. Good luck with your lineups. This has been the Heat Check Fantasy podcast powered by Number Fire.


Hey Kevin, hey, thanks so much for joining us in the car for our little tour of Amsterdam And we can talk a little bit about Kubernetes and you know software while we go Do you wish to or could you introduce yourself to the listeners? Yeah, thank you for having me here. I'm coming one. I actually started my contribution to upstream Kubernetes back to 2015 and I used to do a lot of Around the scheduling part and also since 2018 I started to working on a little bit more about Kubernetes to the industry stuff So one of the project I initiated was Q-Age to basically leverage the Kubernetes and Clown-native locations running on the age computing environment scenarios and also later on another kind of path is that there are a lot of AI Machine learning big data workloads trying to run on top of Kubernetes and we have seen that actually, you know, Kubernetes is more likely Born a very Well supporting the microservices. So so we build a volcano project to kind of porting the Like the the job management the queue stuff and like the GAN scheduling to better leverage the batch Machine learning workloads running on Kubernetes Actually, I also have been a little bit background about the multicluster multi Cloud part. Oh, okay. I am a participant of the Multicluster sig in a early time when it was called the Federation and also after two version the Federation V1 and the KubeFed Trying we started we started actually the V3 project It's called the K-AMADA and also it's kind of it's a Sandbox project in the CNCF Yeah, gotcha. So when I was kind of doing some of the background research You know, my immediate thought is like, okay Kube edge and volcano like do you are they related somehow that in your mind like they seem to not be connected really? I mean both interesting But like do you see them as a like somehow paired together and that's why you're kind of working on both? I think not from especially from the user perspective Maybe not quite connected especially the typical user of Kube edge It's like more from the industry is like a manufacturing that like public public Transporting or the other people building the smart compass for example while the user of volcano are more likely the academics search research organizations or some just to run in the Michelin a big data Try on top of Kubernetes, so a little bit of the connection we think is that There are a lot of AI workloads exploring to the path to run on Age and people are talking about like the in the future we may have some kind of Redundant resources that they can be used like in the nights for training For example a lot of EV they are become more and more smart, but in the nights it's kind of the resource are just Sitting there. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, so that's kind of future But from now it's kind of still to projects doing their own stuff. That's interesting. So, yeah kind of Old-school grid computing Where you're like, hey, maybe we could use some of these resources to when they're not being used for other things That's interesting. So with cube edge You know, what do you think and this is kind of the nature of this show, right? It's like, what do you think is that the thing that you think looks really interesting about it in say a Six months or a year like what's what's the next thing that's going to drop that you think looks really really cool Yeah, actually, I think that the exciting thing in the cuba is especially from the community perspective There are a lot of a new usage new ideas kind of adopting Especially on the age that is keep moving Right in the early days. We start the time this we start this project We are more likely focusing on the fix the location age like like The kind of some of the devices like a thermostat. Yeah. Yeah, and then also some of the manufacturing they just Deploy their applications with cuba in their in their factory in the workshop but during the last two year One of the academic they want they try to manage workloads on the low-orbit satellite Okay, yeah, those are definitely moving Yeah, and it's a low orbit. It's actually moving very fast. It's like you you got six to ten minute time window to stay alive. Yeah and Yeah, and they it's like each day you will have like eight to ten times got this time window and the resource on the Satellite it's quite limited especially they're using the the battery Solarized the battery so it's kind of the We need to save the race battery so a the satellite can serve longer, right, right? Yeah, and keep being a satellite And and you know sending data to the ground it's kind of cost a lot of battery usage so so that That academic they are trying to have some some more model Running on the satellite to do some like easy analysis to future some of the input data so they can send the most valuable data back rather than all of it. Yeah. Yeah, that's interesting I bet that's a that is a hard decision to get to as well, right? because one of the Excuse me one of the fascinating things about data in recent history, right? It's that you know people are collecting everything because they don't know what might be useful in the future So that's a especially hard problem, right because it just disappears, right? Yeah, yeah, so another very interesting usage is that one of the Actually the automotive manufacturer mm-hmm. They use Q wage in their EV They're starting mode with the to writing one of the MPV because it's a kind of more More and have more resource there. So they are exploring the path of Enabling the S OTA those basically the softer level a software level upgrading. Oh, yeah Yeah, yeah, because before that they they have their own kind of FOT it's a firm firm upgrading, but You know when you are upgrading the firm, it's kind of the car need to stop there. Mm-hmm Wait the whole upgrading finished and you can go right, right, but the It's kind of take a long time and a lot of actually on relevant thing need to be stopped But the software level give you a kind of smaller Component to update. Yeah, you do like smaller chunks at a time. Mm-hmm. Yeah And so they're using they're looking at Q badge to kind of deliver those updates in a sense Yeah, yeah, yeah, and that's kind of just a very studying usage and also we know that in China there are kind of companies exploring the kind of The charging especially changing the battery. Mm-hmm. So they have their own station there and They are exploring the scenario like when your car goes to near the station They they want to use some of the like local network to guide your car to the right place Oh, and also during the changing of the replacing the battery You can also trigger some of the upgrade right, right, right? You can use it as an opportunity for basically fast data transfer, right? Yeah, no, that's interesting Huh, and so So is that what you've been kind of focusing on from your work perspective in in Q badge itself? Or or is that just something that is going on that you think sounds really interesting? so currently we are collaborating with these users to to implement that for example satellite they have already Some of the satellite running in orbit already But they want to kind of improve the whole platform to make them much Smother and also like the vehicle country the the in car deployment is already there, but the charging station is kind of a new New idea on the way Yeah, and from my perspective, we are kind of trying to to decouple different things because Cubase from the Framework layer we want to keep it more general and open to more of the scenarios At the same time we want to Kind of provide more functionalities to help people simplify their adoption. So there will be some like toolkits feet to each To kind of enable the consumption of these new features. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, that's yeah interesting and I mean part of the a lot of the problem with you know, especially Incredibly sophisticated software like things like Q-Bedge, right? Like it's just getting people to wrap their head around what it's gonna do for them or how it does it or whatever It's often half the battle, right? So I was curious also about a volcano, which I thought was you know interesting project Can you tell us give us a little more detail and on what volcano does and what it's for? Yeah, you know at a very stunning part of the point actually we were building the GANS scheduling that's kind of the first requirement of all this AI machine learning and users and we know that In Kubernetes, it's kind of scheduled part by part, right? But for example the tensorflow people want kind of have a column of the PS the parameter server or the worker node Start then load the data to start chaining if only a few Instances there it's kind of Waste of the GPU especially GPU time so we introduced that the part of the group concept and also the Volcano job concept concept is to support multiple AI framework definition. It's kind of you can define TF kind of cluster or torch and it'll basically modify the scheduling for example Yeah, yeah, yeah per you know for that set of things Or whatever. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, and also actually For the kind of traditional batch user they they are very familiar with Q functionality.  So we also imported Q concept and the build like the Hieratic queue and also Implemented some of the algorithm that's quite familiar to the batch users like fair share sharing or being packing right to kind of Also balance the resource usage and the recently what we are doing is to to implement like the Better resource sharing taking the Especially the online services and the batch workloads Both into consideration enable them to co-locate on the node and also To provide the oversubscript subscription of the resources. Yeah, and also we are actually collaborating with Operating system community to kind of achieve the know the level Her resource preemption. Oh interesting. Okay. Yeah, we So I was I was out of thing or whatever and so are you using things like EBP MF?  From inside Kubernetes like what what technique is it using? Yeah, so actually It's like that the whole system Majorly we have to part of like scheduling level. It's like we need to Schedule according people requested right, right? Yeah. Yeah, and the people are able to declare like I have like to to make up to gigabytes that's kind of Not exactly using all the time. So it can be Reused if if my if I'm not in a heavy load situation Yeah, and then when we are creating this Container and on the node It's like we need to do some of the notation to through the CI mm-hmm to tell the basically to tell the OS when you are Creating you you are locating these resources so you can Put some of the part of the resource that being shared, right? So we let you there to define the different priority of their Of the batches or we work load Basically, and also define what a kind of how much they can share their resources and then we can we will just Put more like low priority work load there the The role what OS to do is that they they make sure they the part of resource can be shared with to the Lower priority workloads, but when the pressure comes to the higher priority the OS Needs to be a free amp to basically and yeah, yeah take back the resource very right, right and the You know that the interesting thing is that the sharing among CPU times. It's it's kind of much easier but for the memory It's kind of more Interesting because memory with it's kind of not easy to compress or right? Yeah, well, there's a lot. There's also a much larger like security component, right? You know because you don't really want this process to be able to read that processes memory, right? Yeah, and so that can also be a bit of a challenge. Yeah, so so so so what what? the OS team they are exploring is that like they will Check and basically determine which kind which application is kind of running and also they can use like pages to to to kind of save this memory and Compress it and they store it to the disk and They later are resuméed to the memory. Yeah. Yeah, and So you were saying before that you can kind of implement a different scheduler for different You know types of like AI approaches or whatever Can you do it per workload or do you do it for the cluster or like how do you? Like what level is the scheduler kind of going in? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah at the very beginning we just replaced the scheduler but at the same time we Kind of relying the multi scheduler mechanism from upstream. We are also contributed of that. So basically you can For the each workloader. I remember there is actually a scheduler name failed. So so so people For the user they can just determine which scheduler The this part that gets scheduled, right? Okay. Yeah, and also for volcano. Actually, it's kind of We we we don't want to we don't think that multiple scheduler running inside a cluster is a good idea Because you kind of to brand to make decision, right, right? Yeah, they're gonna like fight, right? Yeah, that's that was actually kind of why I asked the question because I was curious. How do you make them play nicely together? So so so the currently we actually import the upstream scheduler algorithms So basically scheduler. It's kind of Super set of all the functionalities. So you can also Use volcano to schedule the microservice Oh Okay, and get so kind of to So you can do other other types of batch processes besides kind of like the AI work, right? and Yeah, that's cool. It's funny Because yes, I'm very familiar with the batch process kind of for research because like I'm a Professor at a Boston University and and we have this whole research computing cluster It has like all the batch processes and stuff and it's kind of like I you know I didn't know about the volcano before and so now I kind of want to go back and I actually Communicate with those folks a fair amount and kind of be like hey Did you know about this project over here? You might you might find it really useful rather than I'm sure they're maintaining their own scheduler right now Or the batch scheduler not like the scheduling scheduler So yeah, that's super that's super interesting. I really you know, I'm glad to kind of hear about it So so what do you think the next cool thing is going to be in volcano? Like what's the what do you think the next big feature that you really want to see land? Actually recently we are we are taking a look about the multi cluster parts, okay, especially For the Kamada project we already did some kind of trying and also some basic implementation about scheduling the workload among clusters, okay, I think that that's kind of very New area because people today the way they use multiple scheduler. They are just a kind of manually picking the cluster to where the yeah, especially for kind of the batch users They just want resources. They don't care about yeah, I don't care where it comes from. Just you know, let me know when it's done, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah, so Actually, we already have a very basic implementation in the Kamada project It's kind of help you automatically Divide the replicas to multiple clusters according to the resource availability And also the most interesting thing is that people today they are they want to take the like the quota into consideration take the price of the underlying resources like the Different cloud they have different price for the CPU memory GPU. Yeah, right. So so they want once they kind of Imported this perspective into consideration. They can get cheaper They can actually use the use part of the scheduling is also is not necessarily finding the most optimal place to run it Or part of optimal includes price, right? which yeah, which is kind of a I think a new thing in Kind of all of our computing where it's like we're we need to work in the price point because we're not used to all this like public cloud And everything else and where you know, it's like you pay per, you know minute or whatever and that Now you want to build that we probably should have been building it into like all of our data centers for all these years But you know now that we really have to because we really care about the pricing You know, it's really it's interesting how much it's become part of the schedulers and that kind of stuff. Yeah, there was actually a guy who's working on his PhD at at Boston University Who was working on? Tooling or trying to figure out how he can essentially do a scheduler for serverless functions So that the serverless function would kind of like move around Onto the different clouds based on price point And you know and so can can you optimize with that without the massive, you know some sort of massive performance impact? So I just think it's all kind of really interesting to look at it from that perspective I've always thought schedulers were really interesting. And so the more you know, especially when they're really complex So what I wanted to ask you about the multi cluster So in the multi cluster scenario, you kind of already were saying that it's not great to run multiple scheduler types in One cluster. So do you now when you want to identify where to put a batch load? Can can you kind of indicate does a cluster then decide, you know what? We're gonna go all tensor flow because we have a lot of pent up workload Instead of whatever other schedule or where you are on and so that it can pick up those workloads Like are you gonna be able to modify or think about modifying kind of the cluster itself as part of the The activity of balancing the workloads across the clusters You mean modifying the clusters. Yeah, so like okay multi cluster scenario, right? And each of the clusters is probably running some scheduler, right? We don't know what in advance, right? but our batch in you know Tools or engine or whatever is saying. Hey, you know what? I've got a lot of tensor flow stuff coming along You cluster over there. You're not really doing a ton of stuff. So can you modify your scheduler? To be the TF one so that I can push a bunch of that workload there because I think that's really interesting. Yeah that's why Actually, we are trying to do a more kind of powerful version in the Volcano project. Yeah, because we are Expected expecting people to kind of use volcano in the single cluster as the scheduler because it's able to schedule the batch workloads as well as the kind of classic Kubernetes applications, right? Right and also Actually, we already see a lot of challenges doing the two-level scheduling Schedule to cluster and the cluster doing the their job, right? And and actually you cannot always Make sure the The federation level scheduling is correct or is the best because there's always some risk condition and The federation layer It does scheduler see there are some resource available Also, we can take kind of the resource fragmentation into consideration, right? Mm-hmm, but the the underlying In cluster scheduler. They are also doing their own work. So so the things can be changing so what we do today is that we we we have a kind of Dscheduler at the federation level to kind of You know get fixed. Yeah, like like leave me alone so that I can I can be do proper scheduling Yeah, but but you know, it's a we think it's kind of expensive because It takes a little bit time and computing steps to to make sure to find out which cluster or which set of cluster to run these workloads and some of the part some of the Actually, the replicas may fail and then you'll come back. It's kind of It's a long cycle so that's why we think that maybe the We provided Multi cluster scheduling functionality from the volcano and make Kind of federation layer scheduler and the single cluster scheduler Collaborate with each other more closer, right? We'll resolve this situation better. Yeah, especially we want to improve the kind of The accuracy of the first the time scheduling. Yeah.  Because one of the things that is a challenge is like You can't spend so much, you know processing, you know power Doing the perfect schedule such that it actually uses up whatever optimization that you you know We're gonna get from your perfect scheduling, which I always think is you know It's weird when you write have to write software that is gonna, you know Optimizations are sometimes the attic the expense of developing the optimization, you know, which I think is kind of cool But yeah, that's that's neat I I think a lot of that stuff is really interesting and then you mentioned a there's a third project that you've been working on Commada. Oh, right, right. So and so multi cluster management, but you're mostly thinking about it in terms of like scheduling rather than like Kind of like you personally from a like the scheduling kind of scenarios rather than You know, how do you manage a large number of clusters, right? Yeah, actually for the commander way, we are thinking that people have different kind of Progress of using the multi cluster architecture or multi-clouder Especially for the very beginning that the very beginners they they just want to reduce some of the Repeating work like spinning up clusters Spin up for the cluster life cycle management We have the like cluster API already Right, but there are a lot of work when the cluster is there, for example Configuring the namespaces configuring the rbex and also Setting up the culture for different teams, right? Right? so the idea of commada is that we for this level we want to kind of Reduce the work from there at the meeting perspective Mm-hmm. So commada provided some of the mechanism called the propagation policy so it's basically Able to propagate any type of the Kubernetes resources including the custom resource Right, so so people are able to like propagate our back configurations Maps namespaces or resource quota and as well as the deployments, but for deployments for this they said we are able to kind of compute the the resource consumption of the part from the part of the perspective to make sure you you you got appropriate replicas of the Application running in different clusters, right? Right and also like today actually, you know When people accessing multiple clusters the management of the cuba config It's actually a big challenge both from the user perspective and from the admin perspective So so commada also provide the kind of unified entry point to multiple clusters The from a little bit of the implementation Perspective is that we use the impersonate mechanism from the HDB protocol, so it's kind of actually The online from the user. It's like I will use one of my cuba config token to access All the clusters through a single entry point So I just need to need to select which cluster I want to go but I use the same cuba config and the commada use its own token actually on the line under the hood to to connect with the online cluster, but impersonate as the user so so it means that any request to go into the Request to go into the online member cluster. It's authorized as the user Sorry, I just Thought that was a stop light and the guy was right behind me But okay. Yeah, so continue to basically you can actually If you use the kind of the impersonator you can you can kind of audit and have an idea of who's doing the work To make the changes, right? Yeah Yeah, so so from the at the main perspective, it's super useful because you you've got a Single point of the entry for all these kind of users or application Operators, so you can audit just that there and and you got unified Authentication authorization, it's much easier to Manage it over. Yeah, right. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. No, that's cool So let's kind of ask a slightly broader question What you know kind of what got you into like open source and kind of Kubernetes like how did you get started? You know kind of working in this space Yeah, yeah, yeah That's a very interesting topic. So in the early days, it's like we we are trying to build the Platform as a service product internally, but later on actually our team so how we decide to to do the cloud business and so we started to building services for our customers and actually before Kubernetes we also tried the some the other technologies, but the Kubernetes is the first one that we see a very open community in the early days Like back to 2015 The scalability it's like 500 nodes, right? Yeah, there are a lot of Scheduling features to be added and so in that day I Kind of very fortunately Join the community to discuss with the people about our idea and then we got very short time of the for the ideas to be accepted and we started contributing, right? So that that actually kind of experienced affect us a lot So we actually benefit a lot of from collaborating with collaborating with the upstream community Yeah, and that's why when we are building the new services, we also open source it Yeah, and then donate it to CNCF. Yeah. Yeah, so you can kind of benefit from that So so that was your personal first for a into open source in general. Yes. Yes. Oh cool Yeah, that's a I that's a you know, it's a great like it's a great opening story, right? I mean a lot of times, you know your first You know entrance into open source is because you have some sort of problem, right? Yeah, but it's us to me more like you were You know you kind of had hey We think you've got the right solution if we can you know kind of make this work for us. It'd be really cool That's awesome. So so you So your organization has like done heavy adoption of Kubernetes kind of internally as well Yes, yes, yes. Yes. Well, we actually there are also our kind of internal User internal customer. They have a very large scale deployment of the Kubernetes so actually from our perspective we are trying to Provide the best the solution so actually We actually the internal user they are using the same version we offer to the customer. Oh, cool. Yeah, so it's When I was at Red Hat we used to refer to it as eating your own dog food You know, which I would say is probably a relatively common phrase But you know, I think it's always such a good idea to you know If you're first customers of your of your software It makes it, you know a lot less painful for your customers You know so Yeah, and especially I think one of the interesting things that Recent years more and more customers also Collaborate with us on the open source. Mm-hmm. So it's kind of not just using the commercial part Yeah, they also have some idea. They also have some requirement, right? Actually, they are not kind of 100% Certain about their requirement, especially from the solution perspective, right? Right people are always kind of Trying to avoid Falling into some like x y problem situation. Yeah in the community We can discuss with more people and to come up with a more general Solution mm-hmm. So so I think that that's also Very exciting thing, right? So like today we have a lot of Features actually the idea is coming from one of the end users who are one of the Service providers in the community and that we discuss together and implement it together Yeah, yeah, that's awesome Well, why don't we end the interview there? Thank you so much for taking a little tour of Amsterdam with me I hope you enjoyed it and You know and but it was a pleasure to talk to you I like I said, I've always been fascinated by schedulers. So I really like talking about them even though I've never actually worked on any But you know I get I get really interested in technology so they don't actually do sometimes so thanks again I really appreciate it. Thank you