This is Think Tech Hawaii. Community Matters here are live. Welcome to Community Matters on Think Tech. I'm your host, Elizabeth Sartouris. And our show today is called Making Honolulu Into a Resilient City. And we're going to talk about the Rockefeller Foundation and how the Rockefeller Foundation has stepped up and everyone should know about what it takes to make Honolulu a resilient city. If you want to ask a question or participate in the discussion, you can tweet us at thinktech-h-i or call us at 437-2014. Our guest for the show is Joshua Stambrough of Honolulu Halle, who is going to talk about how we can make Honolulu into a resilient city. What it means, actually, to be a resilient city and how the Rockefeller Foundation is building 100 such cities around the globe, Honolulu included. Welcome to the show, Josh Stambrough. Thanks, Elizabeth. Pleasure to be here. So I am so excited to have you as a guest on the show because I've been very excited about the Rockefeller Foundation choosing 100 cities around the globe to become more resilient against climate disasters, things of that kind, as well as solving their chronic problems. So the CRO position, Chief Resilience Officer, is brand new and is cropping up all over the world in 100 different cities. So tell us a little bit about how this began for Honolulu. How did we apply? Why did we get chosen? And what does it all mean for us? Sure. Yeah, well, it's a really exciting story. So the Rockefeller Foundation actually celebrated their 100th anniversary a few years back, about five years back. And at the time, Judy Rodin, who is the head of the Rockefeller Foundation, she had written a book called The Resilience Dividend that really talked about this concept of resilience, why it was important for cities as we head into the 21st century and the challenges we face in this new era of climate change, increased technology, the globalification of the world economy. And so she posited that as cities became more adaptable to these and were able to sort of bend rather than break in the face of them, there would actually be cost savings and significant benefits to cities that adopted some of these principles. So what they did for their 100th anniversary is they decided to launch this initiative that would select 100 cities around the globe. They created an organization called 100 Resilience Cities. So it's not actually Rockefeller Foundation, per se, that selects the cities. Rockefeller Foundation provides financial support to 100 Resilience Cities, which is a nonprofit that then goes out and selects and works with these cities. So there were 1,200 cities around the globe that applied for sort of this honor of being selected as one of the 100. And happily, and it's a big source of pride for our city, I think that we got selected out of that 1,200. We were one of the 100 selected by 100 Resilience Cities. It's a great timing for us. We were actually selected in the third cohort. So there was the first year, which is about three years ago now, there was 33 cities that were selected around the globe. And this includes cities like Melbourne, Australia, and New York, and all around the globe. And then there was a second cohort of 32 cities that were selected. And Honolulu made it in. And the third cohort, the final cohort, and where we were one of the final 33 cities selected. And that announcement just came last year around summertime. And that actually coincided with a charter amendment that was on the ballot before voters here in Honolulu, which asked the voters of Honolulu and the city and county of Honolulu, the island of Oahu, should we have an office dedicated to climate change, sustainability, and resiliency? Great results from that election. By almost an 18-point margin, the citizens of the island said, yes, we absolutely need to address these issues. Sure, we will both include it. I often ask when I go out to crowd, how many voted in the election? And hopefully you voted to support this, because it really puts us on the leading edge. There's not barely any cities. Lots of folks have sustainability departments. There are these 100 cities that are embracing this concept of resilience with the support of the Rockefeller folks. But very few cities have an office dedicated to climate change, how we adapt to the changes we already see happening around us, and how we mitigate and try to reduce our own impacts to the problem. So it's a really exciting time in the city. We've got both of these things flowing together, both the creation of the office and the selection of 100 resilient cities. And it's working together through these activities to really try to make Honolulu more resilient. Right, so you've just come back from a resilient city summit, haven't you, in New York. And as I understand it, there were 80 CROs or 81 CROs there. And that means all the ones that have been chosen so far for the first two cohorts and coming in now for the third cohort. And 500 people in all from all these cities around the globe. So it would be great to, I notice they called the CROs senior points of contact that drive the agenda. So we're going to get to the agenda by having you talk a little bit about what have those cities that were in the first cohort already finished their two-year project to get going and to have mobilized their cities by now. So what were the most important things you took away from that conference? Well, every city is in a different context, and every city is at a different stage in this process. So the variety was incredible. There's folks like New Orleans, who is a city that's in our cohort of cities. There's these smaller groupings out of the 100. And Miami, New Orleans, and Honolulu are part of one of those groupings, which is really helpful because they're dealing with some of the very same issues of sea level rise and water and flooding that we will deal with.  Their chief resilience officer had served in economic development before. They came out with a plan that Mayor Landro and the city wholeheartedly embraced. And now they're making all of their budgeting decisions in the city based around that resilience idea. So how do we incorporate our spending, our capital projects, our operations, and how we fund the workings of the city based on this lens of how do we make ourselves more resilient? And they had every reason to do that. After Hurricane Katrina, they really wanted to release their resilience strategy on the 10th anniversary of Katrina to show that we are taking this seriously so much so that we're actually orienting our budget around it. And the chief resilience officer there now is sort of the deputy director and in charge of budgeting for the city. So that's one really profound example of how a city can embrace resilience and orient its priorities, its spending priorities, around making the city more equitable. Their new mantra there is instead of living against water, we're going to live with water, trying to redesign green infrastructure to make sure that they're basically operating as flexibly as possible when they get flooding and flooding events. And so it goes from that to cities that just started, just like us. I mean, we are just fresh out of the gate. So what new ideas did you get for Honolulu from what other people are doing? Because that's important, all this dialogue around the world so that each city doesn't have to reinvent the wheel. But did you get some good ideas from other CROs who have been through this now about how to proceed here? Yeah, certainly. I mean, when you look at what Boulder, Colorado is doing around looking at where their risks are around heat, that's what they identified as one of the major barriers for them to being a resilient, livable community was the rising temperature in their particular location. And they used one of the partners that's available through the 100 Resilient Cities platform to do an analysis of all of the trees in the city, where the shade was being cast. And if they were to spend a certain amount of money and maximize those dollars, where would they plant each tree additionally in the city and what type of tree would it be? So it's that type of really specific analysis of how do we get the most out of our dollars to provide the most public benefit and quality of life for our citizens. As we walk around the streets here in downtown Honolulu, you can watch how people actually follow the parts of the sidewalk that have trees shading them. And they void the ones that don't. And so as we begin to think about, what are the vulnerabilities that we face as a city? And it's not just environmental stressors. It's not just climate change. A lot of cities have thought really carefully about what really is their main vulnerability to being able to adapt and thrive in the face of a shock or a stress. And oftentimes, it's an equity issue. It could be an income inequality issue. It could be an affordable housing issue, which we have here in Spade. And so each city is looking at it in a different lens. And so as we progress through our process of doing the resilience strategy, figuring out where our chief vulnerabilities are, we're going to reach out to each individual city and connect with them to say, hey, we're facing some of the same issues around affordable housing. What have you learned through the 100 Resilient Cities process that has worked for you? So we'll be very specific about how we reach out to our partners once we begin identifying the vulnerability. So I hesitate to say, hey, I went to the summit, came back with all these things we're going to do, because we're really right at the beginning of the process, which is great. It's a perfect opportunity for folks to get involved to help inform us of what they think resiliency issues are on the table and where we should be focusing with this unique opportunity from the 100 Resilient City platform. And I know that one of the reasons that we got it was solving chronic problems and building resilience against disasters and other things. The chronic problem that was on top of the list for Honolulu was, of course, homelessness, no surprise to anyone. And so I'm wondering what strategies are we going to? There are a lot of people working on homelessness already here in the city. And so what I'm wondering is how can this project help to consolidate all those efforts and add to them? So we'll see with the arena of homelessness. Mayor Caldwell and the administration have been really proactive about trying to figure out, what are the best solutions to homelessness? They've been working with Seattle and LA and other cities that are, in some cases, we have the highest per capita homeless population. But in some of those other cities, the problem just by scale is really sort of off the charts. And so the adoption of housing first as a newish policy to make sure that people get housing primarily and then work on issues that are keeping them in a homeless situation has really been a sort of a revolutionary approach that clearly pays off. And we've seen progress. There's a housing office at the. Yeah, we have to take a break for a little bit here. So we'll get back to that topic of homelessness after the break. Some say, divers are the poor man's astronaut. At DiveHeart, we believe that to be true. We say, forget the moon. DiveHeart can help children, adults, and veterans of all abilities escape gravity right here on Earth. Search DiveHeart.org and imagine the possibilities in your life. For the sales slide, also right after the break. OK, we're coming back to you. Three, two, one. OK, so we're back. We're talking here about Honolulu as a resilient city with Joshua Stanbro, chief resilience officer, chosen by our city in response to the Rockefeller Foundation with its 100 cities around the whole globe. I'm an evolution biologist by training. And if we could have the slide, I've written an article called A Tale of Cells and Cities. And I would like you to see just one picture of how very much cities resemble cells when you see cities from the air, whether it's by day or by night. You see a central city hub. You see the transportation systems. You see the outlying regions reaching into the countryside. And I had hoped that we would get that slide up just so that people can see that cities are living entities. And I am absolutely convinced that cities are going to play a more important political role in the world in the future than either nation, national governments or state governments. I think cities are where the connections can be made. We don't have standing armies. We talk to each other peaceably. And that's why I think this 100 resilient cities sharing around the globe is so very important. But my heart is here in Honolulu. And so homelessness at the top of our list of chronic problems to solve. And you mentioned getting homeless people into homes. And I think several places in the world now have demonstrated that just by housing homeless people, you save money. And that with the right kind of health care, you avoid having people on the street constantly going back in and out of emergency rooms which is very expensive. So we have to get real about what costs too much money and what doesn't. And that's what I'm excited about. Yeah, so I mean, we can talk about the economics of prevention. We have about 5,000 homeless people on the island at any one time. It does cost about half as much to do vouchers to keep people in stable housing versus incarceration or frequent hospitalization. So it really pays from an economic point of view to put people in houses. And we've got a team that's working on that. They're making progress as you see the point in time count sort of level off and begin to come down. But I'd love to get back to your point about the cities. You know, in 1800, 10% of the world's population lived in cities. Today 50% of the world's population lives in cities. In 2050, 75% of the world's population is going to live in cities. And so if we get sort of cities right, and we consider the whole island of a law, who obviously this is our jurisdiction, not everywhere is a city per se, but there's infrastructure that goes along with the way that we've constructed our society. And if we get that infrastructure right, it makes for a whole different level of success for the planet essentially because you've got this concentration of people living in these areas. I'll also point out, I mean, when we did our agenda setting workshop and we had 180 almost leaders come together to sort of do a very quick assessment of what they saw thought vulnerabilities were to inform our office and moving forward. One of the big sources of pride was when the federal administration pulled out of the Paris Agreement, within four days, five days, the governor of the state and all four county mayors have proclaimed that we were still in the Paris Agreement. And that response from cities and local governments is really what's driving the next generation of leadership out of the United States at this point. So agreed, I think cities are a focus for the work that we are doing, but I think the lessons of the resilience work are far beyond just cities. I think when we look at what's the green infrastructure that we can deploy, how do we lessen our footprint while still remaining the same quality of life? That's a kind of lesson that can go city, countryside, rural in a lot of different areas. And so that's the sort of stuff that we're gonna be looking at. Where are the places where we're missing? Where are the gaps in our current resilience? It could be around homelessness, it could be around sort of this climate vulnerability that we're showing increasingly. We saw the king tides last month and where a postcard from the future, what it's gonna look like in terms of our infrastructure. So that's what we're hoping to look at, but we're also hoping that we don't just focus on weaknesses. What makes Hawaii so amazing and special and probably the reason that we live here is that social fabric that we experience here, the Aloha spirit, people looking out for each other and the social networks that we seem to have a really strong, these strong relationships that carry us through, when we have the earthquake or we have these other things that challenge us, we come together. And that's really the number one tool of resilience for any community. Well, that's right where I wanna be about this. You said bringing them together. I'm absolutely in love with the trees of Honolulu and that was over 100 years ago when the outdoor circle of women got these two things past, planting trees up and down the avenues and outlawing outdoor advertising, which is phenomenal. I can look at the night cityscape with nothing blinking at me in bright colors and no advertising being thrown at me. That's amazing for a leading tourist capital. So I'm all for planting more trees. When I first got here, I was doing some furniture shopping and stuff in Kakaako. And it was horrible that there were so many areas that were barren with no trees. And I'm frankly devastated by the building rate in Kakaako. And I think even if we have no sea level rise, those buildings are gonna start falling in on each other. No one has done a combined weight impact study of all the proposed high rises on that fragile coast land, which is landfill on top of a crumbling coral reef. So if we wanna be resilient, that's not the way to go. And huge problems we have here. But you're here to bring the people together to solve these problems. And that's exciting. You know, if I would love to see, say tap the students at Shamanad where I teach and design new courses in the MBA program, they give credit for community service. Those students, if you train them to really understand the program, could be sent out to teach it in the schools, to the teachers. Then the teachers could have all the kids designing ways of solving these problems.  So I think involving communities is not so hard to do. And that's, have you got any plans for, there are also all these nonprofits here, already probably six agencies and nonprofits working on fragile coast land. And NOAA and all these things. And then Sierra Club and homelessness projects and stuff. How weave those together? Well, so I come from the nonprofit community. Many, many years ago, I worked for the trust for public land. We worked directly with communities to help protect land, cultural sites, recreational sites that were really important to the community. And then my last position was working at the Hawaii Community Foundation, where we provided grants to those nonprofits that are doing this great work out in the community. So I see our ultimate success at the Office of Climate Change, Sustainability and Resiliency in a partnership and looking outward from the city to the network of nonprofits and community groups that are already doing great work on the ground. How do we learn from them? How do we make sure that we incorporate the lessons that they're learning into whatever planning that we do, whatever partnerships we do within the city with our different departments and divisions. As we think about how do we design a more, not only a more resilient infrastructure and a more resilient city and more resilient community, but how we design that more connected social fabric that you're talking about. And coming from the nonprofit community, it's not an easy job, right? I mean, organizing people is always some of the hardest work out there, but it's the most essential for the work we're doing. I think children will be your best ambassadors because if they're talking about it over the supper table, then the parents will get involved and everybody will know. Well, I talk to my two kids every night about it, so. Right, no, that's exactly where we wanna go. I'm really sorry that this brings us to the end of this half-hour show, so we really enjoyed bringing it to you. I'm your host, Elizabeth Saturas, and our guest has been Joshua Stambrough, Chief Resilience Officer at Honolulu Halle. I hope we'll talk more about this as the project gets further underway. Thanks so much, Joshua. Thanks for having me on the show. Really appreciate it. Thank you.


Alhamdulillah wa kafa. Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi Learning Arabic is a very straightforward process Out of the five languages that I know, it was the easiest language to learn But for some reason, people, they tend to complicate it Last week, I received a message on my Instagram Somebody said that on the next Monday, they would start their first Arabic grammar lesson So it appeared to me that that person didn't know Arabic So I asked them, did you ever learn Arabic before? They said, no, it's going to be my first time So I asked myself, why in the West there is this widespread misconception that when you start learning the Arabic language, you need to start learning grammar And they almost make the Arabic language about grammar only So today I want to show you guys How did I, Allah Azza wa Jalla, taught us in the Quran How to learn a language And as well, I will share with you three or four other Aqwal, other sayings of the righteous predecessors That taught us how to learn the Arabic language So I can show you that this widespread methodology Of teaching the Arabic language through grammar Which only causes students to be completely confused about the Arabic language And it causes them to receive these appearance That learning the Arabic language is a hard and difficult task So let's start with the qawl where Allah Azza wa Jalla teaches us How to learn the Arabic language Allah Azza wa Jalla, when he finished talking about him having created Adam Aleyhi salam He taught us in the Quran And he taught Adam all the names Then he showed them to the angels That Allah Azza wa Jalla taught Adam all the names All the names Then he showed them to the angels It was reported that somebody asked Ibn Abbas Did Allah teach him the names of the plate and the pot? Such two very simple things Words that are part of our everyday life A plate and a pot Ibn Abbas, he said yes And even the terms for breaking wind Even the terms of passing gas basically Allah taught Adam all the names Oftentimes you hear students say Oh, but I want to understand the Quran and the sunnah Why would I learn clouds, tomatoes, sleeping, bed, living room? Why do I want to learn all of these? The only thing I want to know is Sahih l-ghayri and Sahih l-zati And usul, aslun, wa fer'un And all of these terms that are connected to feuds of knowledge But it's known from the scholars of al-Islam That they would memorize the Arabic language Whether it was from poetry Whether it was from actual dictionaries Like memorizing the whole dictionary From alif all the way to harfiah All the words that are classified under those letters They would memorize all of that And I will show you these guys First of all, Ibn Khaldun in his book of al-Muqaddimah He says, which what could be translated as That the speaker of the Arabic language When the Arabic language was present in them He would hear the speech of his generation of the people in his time And their styles in their conversations How would they use certain words in different contexts And how they express their intentions As a child, here's the use of vocabulary in its meanings He learns them first Then here's the structure after that And learns them as well So first, as Allah Azza wa Jal did with Adam al-Islam He taught him the names Ibn Khaldun, he says, he learns them first The child learns the words first Then here's the structure after that And learns them as well He hears the word, okay, this means no So it means something negative, something I need to stop This means water And this means cup Cup of water, okay And then he hears adults using it Cup of water, okay, cup of water And then he repeats it He repeats that as well Then their hearing of that is renewed at every moment From every speaker And its use is repeated until it becomes a quality And deeply rooted characteristic in them Now you own that characteristic of knowing the language Now it's part of you You develop that native speaker instinct That native speaker instinct that tells you That something is correct or is incorrect Without you necessarily knowing how to explain that thing Have you ever experienced that when somebody is learning English And they tell you something that is wrong But you don't know how to explain it You don't know grammatically how to explain that mistake And he becomes like one of them, like an Arab This is how languages and tongues have become from generation to generation And how non-Arabs and children have learned them Ibn Khaldun from the 14th century One of the scholars of Al-Andalus As well in the book of Siyaru Alam Al-Nubala In the biography of Abu Zaid Al-An-Sari It's mentioned that it said that Al-Asma'i Which is one of the scholars in Arabic language One of the real poets Knew a third of the language Abu Zaid knew two thirds Al-Khalil knew half And Amr Ibn Kir-Kirah, Al-Arabi knew the entire language Now what do you guys think? I will give you a moment to think What do they mean by knowing Kana yahfad al-Luga kulla What do they mean by knowing the language Having memorized the language Or having memorized half of the language As we all know The Arabic language has over 12 million lexical items 12 million plus vocabulary words So it's known as we mentioned that scholars They would memorize these words And memorizing this vocabulary It would equal to how strong are you in the Arabic language By how much vocabulary you know And this is why it's mentioned in this biography That all of these great scholars of the Arabic language And references in the Arabic language Knew two thirds, half of the language The whole language 12 plus million vocabulary words And it is mentioned as well in one of the books of Imam al-Dahabi, Rahimullah When he talks about Rashid ibn Kamil And he explains how he was a literary scholar And a Alama, a narrator The teacher in Asrouniya And he mentions all of these great qualities And then he talks about some of the scholars he took from And he mentions Asshihab al-Qusi And then he says And read his large dictionary to him He learned from Asshihab And asshihab is known that he had a dictionary Rashid ibn Kamil And he read the dictionary of Asshihab Of his own teacher to him Now ask yourself What is the point of reading to his teacher His dictionary As we know The dictionary has a lot of vocabulary That's pretty much what it is Last time I checked There's no grammar rules in a dictionary So why from in his biography From all the things he could have said His memorization was great You know, he learned from this Sheikh He mentioned he learned from this Sheikh And he read the dictionary to him As a proof that he was knowledgeable In the Arabic language Let me give you a modern example We all know the story of Malcolm X What made him such a great orator When he came out of prison What is the thing that he did in prison? He had a very close relationship with the dictionary That's what made him such an eloquent speaker And orator So with these guys I want to show you that It's clear for those who go back to history For those who go back to the Selef For those who go back to the scholars of al-Islam And more importantly For those who understand the Quran That the thing one should start with If he wants to be a strong Arabic student And he wants to be strong in the Arabic language And eloquent and fluent And understand the Quran and the Sunnah Through this beautiful language Is he needs to start And he needs to place a great deal of importance In memorizing a massive amount of vocabulary And remember this quote Without grammar Little can be conveyed Without vocabulary Nothing can be conveyed As a wise man once said See you in the next one Salaamu alaikum


Last year, 30,000 Americans lost their life due to suicide. By asking the difficult question, you can help save a life. Are you thinking about harming yourself? Are you thinking about suicide ideations or even suicide? Don't be afraid to ask the question. Ask. You could be saving a life. Getting involved means actively listening. Acknowledge their talk, behavior, and feelings. Discuss what is troubling him or her. Care enough to get involved. For treatment, you can contact your local Chinese command, your local chaplain, military one source, and fleeting family support center. This is how you treat. Stay by the service member's side. Be supportive and escort them to behavioral health or medical.


A very good evening aspirants, welcome to Hindu News Analysis brought to you by Shankar IIS Academy. Today is 16th of February 2022. The list of articles we are going to discuss today is displayed on the screen. You can go through it. Let's start our discussion. Look at this news article. This news article talks about the schools which are remaining closed in India. Know that India has achieved the distinction of being second largest COVID-19 pandemic linked school closure in the world. Here Uganda stood at first place. See the schools are closed despite the fact that the scientific evidences supports a complete reopening. Note that the closure of school causes learning loss. Hence analyzing the root causes of school closure in India is an urgent need. This is needed to derive lessons and to guide future policy interventions. So in this context let's discuss the reason for continued school closure as mentioned in the article. Also we will discuss about the approach mentioned in the article which is called peri approach. See regarding this approach that is the peri approach you can use it in your mains examination. So kindly pay attention. The syllabus relevant to this article is highlighted here for your reference. You can go through it. So before starting look at this question. This was asked in mains examination 2020. This is related to the education system in the country. See the education and the education system is one of the hardest topic in UPSC mains exam. One or the other year the questions related to the education system have been asked in the mains exam. So the points which you are going to discuss today in this article will be helpful in your mains preparation. Now coming back to the article according to the World Bank Education Director. Learning poverty in India is expected to increase from 55 percentage to 70 percentage due to learning loss. Also it is due to more out of school children. See this learning loss is increased by closure of school. If you want to know more about learning poverty I request the viewers to watch our Hindu news analysis on 19 January 2021 where we have discussed in detail about the learning poverty under the topic freedom of schools. Now here let's see the reasons for continued school closure. See the first reason is the widespread misinformation. For example see look at the statements such as the third wave would affect the children and let's wait for the vaccination of kids before reopening schools. These are all a kind of misinformation. See these statements don't have any proof or in other words they are not substantiated. But these statements got amplified on social media. Also many television channels made these statements on loop. We know that right. This is to sensationalize the matter which in turn boosted their TRP. But the ones who are affected here are the vulnerable parents who are scared of their children being hospitalized. This is because they believe in all this misinformation and all these are harming the unfortunate children. See the second reason is the opinion of a small section of privileged parents and a self proclaimed representatives of their association. See they do this often without fully understanding the complexity of the issues because the poor and middle class parents wanted the schools to be open. Here it includes poor and middle class parents from any part of the country and these are indicated in many surveys also. Now the major problem here is that these section of parents were largely ignored in decision making. Here also they are influenced through newspaper reports and high-pitched TV debates. In all these debates only the privileged parents are the experts spoke. Thus they deprive the children of their opportunity and right to education. And the unfortunate factor is that these children are from poor and marginalised background. Now the third reason is the delay of government's response because government's response was arguably insufficient. The communication from the government did not match the pace of misinformation that is the widespread misinformation is not counted by the government effectively. Also the government did not engage with all the stakeholders for regaining trust. Now the next reason is that there was no planning and discussion on the need to reopen schools. See this situation remained even after many months after the initial closure of schools. To be precise the author mentions that in early January 2021 when India had almost declared victory over COVID-19 pandemic there was very little discussion and urgency to reopen schools. Now let's see few impacts of this closure of schools as mentioned by the author. Firstly the closure of schools has had the worst impact on children who are already at disadvantage. Secondly the learnings during the pandemic have been wrongly equated with the completion of the syllabus. See even parents started to believe that learning laws can be addressed by having their wards attend extra classes or throw online ed tech solutions. Thus in India 80% of children aged between 14 to 18 years reported lower level of learning than when physically at school. Now to address all these issues we will briefly discuss about a structured approach called PERI approach. Here PERI means prepare, engage, re-imagine and innovate. Firstly prepare here means preparation for the continuity of school education. See here every state needs to develop a roadmap, strategies and a plan to prevent avoidable disruptions. See even when the pandemic winds down COVID-19 cases will continue to be reported. Occasionally there could be a rise in coronavirus cases in various setting. Therefore every state needs to develop a roadmap, strategies and a plan to prevent avoidable disruptions. And the objective criteria for school closure needs to be developed. And such a decision should be implemented in a decentralized manner at the block level or the district level. See the impact of COVID-19 on children should be looked in the perspective of hospitalization. But why? See the risk of hospitalization of children due to dengue malaria or diarrhea is far greater than with COVID-19. So the author asked if we do not close schools for those conditions why we need to do it for COVID-19. And in the approach that is a PERI approach the second term here is engage which means to engage with key stakeholders including parents and raise awareness about the importance of in-person education and the concept of holistic child development. See this is mainly to counter any misinformation and to bring learning on track because learning as well as nutrition laws has been maximum for younger children. Thirdly in the approach the letter R denotes re-imagine which means re-imagine every first set of school functioning such as improved ventilation and blended learning methods because when we follow COVID protocols and ensure the environment is good for the children trust will be created in the minds of parents. See already children from many poor and marginalized community have dropped out of schools. Now the risk is that these children may be pulled into child labor and other paid and unpaid work. So in addition to re-opening of school special initiatives such as socio-political engagement and discourse have to be taken and this is because every single child who is in need of education can return to in-person learning and also it is an opportunity to revive school health services in Indian states and most importantly it is useful in institutionalizing a regular counseling and mental health services for school age children especially for adolescents. And lastly I here denotes innovate. Innovate here means to innovate for making school a place for holistic child development. See we know that schools are far more than a place to complete the syllabus. For example the school contributes to the emotional, social, cognitive, communication and language development. And for the majority of the poor and lower and middle income families quality education is the only hope to come out from the vicious cycle of poverty. See only then they can think about a bright future. Education is the passport to the future for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today. We know that education is the best tool to eradicate poverty. So efficient education will be very useful to achieve sustainable development goals one and four. So there is a need for every government to prepare a mid to long term plan to compensate for the learning loss. Also there should be a sufficient focus on overall child development. There is a need for strategic and innovative thinking and long lasting solutions because only then educational inequalities widen during the pandemic can be lessened and brought to zero. Hence continued school closure and a hesitation in reopening academic institution should not be there because it would deprive the poor and the most vulnerable of their opportunity in the society. Thus we must ensure the safety of the children in gaining their education from the schools. And this is our prime socio-political responsibility. Now we will quickly revise what we have seen so far. Firstly we have seen the reasons for continued school closure. That is the first reason is a widespread misinformation and the second reason is the opinion of small section of privileged parents. And the third reason is the delay of government's response. And the fourth reason here is that there was no planning and discussion on the need to reopen schools. Then to address the issues we have discussed about a perry approach which is prepare, engage, reimagine and innovate. Prepare here means preparation for continuity of school education, engage means to engage with key stakeholders and reimagine means reimagine every facet of school functioning and innovate here means to innovate for making school a place for holistic child development. We concluded the article by saying that we must ensure the safety of the children in gaining their education from schools. This is our socio-political responsibility. And that's all regarding this news article. We will move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article. See coming Saturday that is on 19th February there is going to be Tamil Nadu urban local body elections. The article says that in that election the otters are not going to be provided with the option of nota. The Tamil Nadu State Election Commission said that the option nota may be available in the next elections. That is about the article in this context. Let's see some important points about nota. First we will see a little bit of background. See we know that nota stands for Nanna of the above. This option in the electronic voting machine was introduced in India because of a Supreme Court judgment in 2013 case. The case I am referring here is the People Union for Civil Liberties versus Union of India case. The Supreme Court in this judgment has directed the Election Commission of India to provide necessary provision for the otters in the ballot papers or EVMs to exercise their right not to vote while maintaining the right of secrecy. The Supreme Court also ordered that there should be a specific button called Nanna of the above in EVMs. See before nota there was rule 49.0 of the conduct of election rules of 1961 which deals with elector deciding not to vote. See those electors who wish to exercise their right not to vote and to reject all contesting candidates for a constituency have to inform the presiding officer about the decision to not to vote by filling the form 49.0 at the voting booth. So this compromised the secrecy of the ballot and violated the freedom of expression. We will see how. See their numbers are not included in the counting of vote. This method of filing form 49.0 also violates article 14 of Indian Constitution. We know that article 14 talks about the right to equality and rule 49.0 discriminates between the otters who vote for a candidate and the otters who do not want to vote for any contesting candidates. Hence it compromises the right to equality. See because of rule 49.0 one set of electors can express their option secretly while others cannot express it. Therefore it violates right to equality. So the supreme court in the judgment said that 49.0 rule violates the article 14 and article 19.1 a of the constitution that is the article which deals with the right to freedom of speech and expression. Then the option of filing form 49.0 also violates section 128 of the rpa act of 1951. This section 128 deals with maintaining secrecy of voting. So after this direction by the supreme court judgment the nota option was implemented by the election commission of India. Now having gone through the basics now let's see the applicability of nota in various elections. See currently the nota option is available only to the direct election of Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly. Please note this. It is available only to the direct election of Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly. The supreme court in 2018 judgment said that nota option is meant only for universal adult suffrage and direct elections. The court said that nota option is not for the polls held by a system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote. So where have we seen this system of proportional representation by means of single transferable votes. We have seen this in Rajya Sabha elections right. That means nota option is not available for indirect elections as done in the Rajya Sabha. See the supreme court in 2018 judgment also said that making nota applicable in Rajya Sabha elections is contrary to article 84 of the constitution and it is also contrary to the supreme court judgment in PUCL versus union of India case. Here article 84 states that the representatives of each state in the council of states shall be elected by the elected members of legislative assembly of the state in accordance with the principle of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote. The court added that nota defeats the fairness in the indirect elections and encourages mild practices like defection and corruption. Now let's see the applicability of nota in local body elections. See article 243 ZA1 states that the superintendent's direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls for the conduct of all elections to the municipalities shall be vested in the state election commission. So what we can understand from this see according to this article the state election commission can decide on the inclusion of nota in the local body elections. Note that nota in local body elections is available in various states like Maharashtra, Odisha, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. So before concluding we will recap what we have seen so far. See nota stands for none of the above this option in the EVM was introduced in India because of a supreme court judgment in people union for civil liberties versus union of India case and this nota option is available only to the direct election of Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly and it is not available for indirect elections like Rajya Sabha elections. We have also discussed about the article 243 ZA1 it states that the state election commission can decide on the inclusion of nota in the local body elections. So that's all regarding this news article we will move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article this news article mentions that Telangana state Kampa has approved the proposed annual action plan of 2022 to 23 for 600 crore rupees. So in this discussion let us briefly understand about Kampa and the process of approval of the annual action plan. See Kampa stands for compensatory afforestation fund management and planning authority. So basically Kampa is an authority that deals with compensatory afforestation fund that is CAF. So first of all what is compensatory afforestation. To understand that you must remember for developmental projects diversion of forest land is carried out after obtaining the environmental clearance. The environmental clearance is obtained from ministry of environment forest and climate change. For example for the erection of dams mining purpose etc the diversion of forest land is carried out. So this raises a need to compensate for the forest land that is lost in these developmental projects and this compensation is given in the form of CA that is compensatory afforestation. So CA means the afforestation done due to the diversion of forest land for non forest use under the forest conservation act of 1980. And the fund needed for these afforestation activities is provided under the compensatory afforestation fund that is CAF. CAF was created based on the order of the supreme court. In this compensatory afforestation fund the money received for compensatory afforestation is deposited. So this includes the money received from the user agencies towards compensatory afforestation additional CA penal CA and the net present value of forest land etc. But there were discrepancies in the implementation of compensatory afforestation. So in 2004 central government issued notification for the consultation of an authority for managing the fund. The authority was given the name Kampa. But the authority was not constituted. So again supreme court intervened and issued orders in 2006 to constitute an ad hoc Kampa that is a temporary authority until Kampa is operationalized. So this ad hoc Kampa promoted afforestation and regeneration activities as part of compensatory afforestation. So along with this the money recovered for CA which were lying in the states and union territories was centrally pooled under ad hoc Kampa. In addition to this a Kampa at the state level was also mandated for utilizing Kampa funds in the states. This is what is called the state Kampa. So the union government formulated guidelines for the state Kampa in 2009. State Kampa is intended as an instrument to accelerate activities for preservation of natural forest management of wildlife infrastructure development etc. So these are the objectives of state Kampa. You can go through it. But the fund under compensatory afforestation fund that CAF was not utilized properly due to the absence of a permanent institutional mechanism. Here remember only ad hoc Kampa was created and not the permanent one. Therefore finally in 2016 the union government enacted a legislation called compensatory afforestation fund act 2016 for creating a permanent authority. Here the objective of this act is two-fold. First is to provide for the establishment of CAF under the public accounts of India under the public accounts of each state. At the national level the fund is called the national CAF and the state level it is called state CAF. And the second objective is constituting an authority for administration of the funds at the national level and each of the state and union territory administration levels. So such authorities are mandated to utilize the fund for undertaking artificial regeneration, assisted natural regeneration, protection of forest, forest related infrastructure development, green India program, wildlife protection and other related activities. So based on the act and rules in 2018 the national Kampa also known as the national authority has come into existence in the place of the ad hoc Kampa.  Here the executive committee of the national authority is headed by the director general of forest and a special secretary and a ministry of environment, forest and climate change. And similarly at the state levels also in 2018 the state Kampa was constituted in each state. See the state Kampa consists of a governing body and it is assisted by a steering committee and an executive committee. So from example's perspective we have to remember the chairman of these bodies are committees. See in case of the governing body CM of the state or the lieutenant governor or administrator of union territory is the ex-officio chairman and in case of the steering committee the chief secretary of the state is the ex-officio chair person and the executive committee is headed by the principal chief conservator of forest who is the head of the forest force in that state. Now according to CAF act one of the main functions of the executive committee of the state Kampa is to formulate the annual plan of operations that is APO. This APO is the annual action plan we saw in the beginning. See APO means the annual plan for physical activities and financial provisions. It describes milestones, conditions for success and explains how a strategic annual plan will be put into operation during the financial year. So it contains the activities, brief description, estimated cost and the basis for cost estimation agency identified for execution and time schedule of each activity. Now note that the state authority releases money only to those agencies that are identified under annual plan of operations. So the executive committee of the state Kampa formulates annual plan of operations. After formulating it submits the APO to the steering committee of that state Kampa for its concurrence. Now the steering committee scrutinizes and approves this APO and if needed it even makes the amendments to the APO. So after approving the steering committee sends it to the executive committee of the national authority for final approval. So the executive committee of the national authority actually approves the APO of states and as per the act the approval is to be given within three months from the date of receipt of APO. It can also make the amendments to the APO if it deems necessary. So these are the important facts that you need to know about national and state Kampa and how an annual plan of operations is approved. Now we will do a quick recap. See Kampa's an authority that deals with compensatory afforestation fund and compensatory afforestation means the afforestation done due to the diversion of forest land for non forestry use under the forest conservation act of 1980. And we saw that compensatory afforestation rules were framed in 2018. So based on the action rule in 2018 the national Kampa also known as national authority has come into existence in place of the ad hoc Kampa.  Here the executive committee of the national authority is headed by the director general of forest and special secretary under ministry of environment forest and climate change and similarly at the state levels the state Kampa was constituted in each state and in case of governing body CM of the state or the lieutenant governor or the administrator of union territory is the ex-officio chap person and in case of the steering committee the chief secretary of the state is the ex-officio chap person and the executive committee is headed by the principal chief conservator of forest who is the head of forest force in the state and that's all regarding this news article we will move on to the next news article. Look at this news article this news article talks about the swamitva scheme that is survey of villages and mapping with improvised technology in village area scheme it is a central sector scheme launched by the ministry of panchayati raj on 24th April 2021 the news article says that while talking about the updated geospatial policy guidelines or ministry of science and technology said that India plans to prepare digital maps of all its 6 lakhs villages and pan india 3d maps for 100 cities the minister said that the updated guidelines will help private companies prepare a variety of maps without needing approvals from the number of ministries in addition to this the updated guidelines will also make it easier to use drones and develop applications via location mapping the minister added that the geographical information based system mapping that is the gis based mapping would be useful in forest management disaster management electrical utilities land records water distribution and property taxation so this is the crux of this news article in this context let's revise about the swamitva scheme see as we already discussed swamitva scheme is a central sector scheme it was launched by ministry of panchayati raj in 2021 this scheme is implemented with the collaborative efforts of ministry of panchayati raj state revenue department state panchayati raj department and survey of india now what is the purpose of this scheme see the main objective of this scheme is to establish a clear ownership of property in rural inhabited areas by mapping land parcels using drone technology the scheme also aims to provide record of rights to village household owners that is it issues legal ownership cards that is property cards to the property owners now let's see what the scheme aims to achieve see firstly it aims to create accurate land records for rural planning we know that there are many property related disputes in our country so by creating accurate land records it aims to reduce property related disputes secondly it aims to bring financial stability to rural india and how is it planning to do that see the scheme aims to bring financial stability by enabling the rural indians to use their property as a financial asset for taking loans and other financial benefits and thirdly it aims to accurately determine property tax see by streamlining the property tax collection their revenue to the state exchequer can be augmented finally by using the GIS maps better quality gram panchayat development plan can be developed now before concluding let's see one more feature of this scheme that is course network it stands for continuously operating reference stations networks see under the scheme demarcation of area would be done using drone survey and course networks look at this image here it is a continuously operating reference station see it will help in benchmarking the location and provide five centimeter level accuracy see once it is established it could be used by any state agency like revenue department gram panchayat pwd rural development department agriculture department electricity department etc now we will do a quick recap see swamitva scheme is a central sector scheme and it was launched by the ministry of panchayat 2021 it issues property cards to the property owners it aims to create accurate land records for rural planning and it aims to bring financial stability to the rural india next it aims to accurately determine property tax so that's all regarding this news article now we will move on to the next news article look at this news article see recently the organization of islamic cooperation that is the OIC called upon the united nations and the human rights council it called upon UNHRC to take necessary measures after hearing about the reports of muslim students being prevented from wearing hijab in karnataka and the OIC general secretariat further asked india to ensure the safety security and well being of the muslim community and it also urged india to bring to the people who conducts acts of violence and hate crimes against the muslim community so in response to this the indian official spokesperson of ministry of external affairs said that the OIC is hijacked by vested interest and issues in india will be addressed according to india's constitutional framework so this is the essence of this article in this context let's discuss about OIC see the organization of islamic cooperation that is the OIC is the second largest organization after the united nations this organization is the collective voice of the muslim world it endeavors to safeguard and protect the interest of the muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony among various people of the world see the organization was established upon a decision of the historical submit which took place in rabat and the kingdom of moraco this submit took place in 1969 so a resolution was passed on the submit that stated that the muslim governments would consult with the view to promote among themselves close cooperation and mutual assistance in the economic scientific cultural and spiritual fields inspired by immortal teachings of islam after this submit in 1970 the first islamic conference of foreign ministers was held in south arabia in that conference it was decided to establish a permanent secretariat in jeda it was also decided that the OIC would be headed by the organization's secretary general the secretary general of OIC is mister use of agamat al-taimin see in the third session of islamic conference of foreign ministers that was held in 1972 the first OIC charter was adopted the charter laid down the objectives and principles of the organization and fundamental purpose to strengthen the solidarity and cooperation among the member states the OIC has cooperative relations with the united nations and other intergovernmental organizations the OIC aims to protect the interest of the muslims and to work for the settlement of conflicts and disputes involving member states it has also taken various steps to remove misperceptions and has strongly advocated elimination of discrimination against muslims in all forms and manifestations kindly note that presently the OIC has 57 members and despite india as the third largest muslim population in the world it is still not a member of OIC or an observer state of OIC the OIC focuses on 18 priority areas with 107 goals some of the priority areas includes issues of peace and security poverty alleviation food security climate change and sustainability empowerment of women human rights good governance etc the key bodies under OIC include islamic summit council of foreign ministers general secretariat and al-Quds committee see OIC also has three permanent committees concerned with science and technology economy and trade and information and culture finally the OIC also has two specialized organs that is the islamic development bank and the islamic educational scientific and cultural organization please note it now what have we seen so far OIC is the second largest organization after the united nations with the membership of 57 states the organization is a collective voice of the muslim world it endeavors to safeguard and protect the interest of muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony among various people of the world and despite India having the third largest muslim population in the world it is still not a member of OIC or an observer state of OIC so that's all regarding this news article now we have come to the end of the news article discussion so with all these learning let's solve some preliminary practice questions look at the first question it's a previous year question which was asked in prelims 2019 consider the following statements as per law the compensatory afforestation fund management and planning authority exist at both national and state levels statement two people's participation is mandatory in the compensatory afforestation programs carried out under the compensatory afforestation fund act 2016 you have to find the correct statement see statement one here is correct because Kampa exists at both national and state levels we have seen this right and statement two it is incorrect because there is no mention about people's participation in the act it only deals with the fund and how it is to be managed and who manage it etc but the compensatory afforestation fund rules 2018 mentions about people's participation in management of working plants in forest land so here our correct answer is option a one only now look at the second question it is regarding nota consider the following statements regarding nota nota ensures right not to vote it ensures right to secrecy nota ensures right to recall you have to find the correct answer now from our discussion we know that statement one and statement two are correct here statement three is incorrect because nota does not ensure right to recall so our correct answer is option a one and two only now look at the third question it is again regarding nota consider the following statements national nota also called national authority is established under the forest conservation act of 1980 and statement two the executive committee of the national nota is mandated to review the annual plan of operations of nota within three months now you have to find the correct statement see here statement one is incorrect because the nota is established by the CAF act of 2016 and we have seen this in our discussion right so statement one is incorrect regarding statement two it is correct because this time period is stipulated by the act itself so our correct answer here is option b two only now look at the fourth question consider the following statements about swamitva scheme national program management unit will be set up at the national level for overall management monitoring of various activities under the scheme statement two technology implementation agency for the scheme is ministry of panchayat here you have to find the correct answer see here the statement one is correct because npmu will be set up at national level for overall management monitoring of various activities under the scheme here statement two it is incorrect because technology implementation agency for the scheme is survey of india and the ministry of panchayat is the nodal agency for the scheme so here our answer is option a one only now look at the last question which of the following countries are the members of oic see this is a factual question if you know the answer or if you can eliminate some of the options you can attempt this question now you have to find the members of oic one cameron two nigeria three palestine four albania and five bulk area now you have to select the correct answer see here except bulk area all are members of oic so our correct answer here is option c one two three and four the main question is displayed here you can write your answer and post it in the comment section if you like the video hit the like button post your comments and share the video with your friends and don't forget to subscribe shankar ias academy youtube channel thanks for listening


In this video, I want to introduce the notion of a direct product of two groups. This is a way of building a new group from two already known groups. And it turns out that in Judson's textbook, the notion of the direct product is not officially defined until much, much later, but there was sort of like a naive principle used earlier in the text. And so I just actually want to officially define it right now so we can talk about it officially. So imagine we have two groups, G and H. And I've included their operations here to emphasize the fact that the operations between G and H don't have to have anything to do with each other. Circle is an operation for G and asterisk is a operation for H. They might have nothing to do with each other. But given these two groups, we can define a new group on the Cartesian product of H, of G and H right here. So remember, G cross H as a set is the Cartesian product. We're gonna be taking the set of all ordered pairs, G comma H, where G belongs to G and H belongs to H. So this Cartesian product is a set. Now to make it a group, we have to define a binary operation on that set. And what we're gonna do is we're gonna define what we call component-wise multiplication. So when you have two ordered pairs, you have GH and G prime, H prime, we're gonna define component-wise multiplication be the following. Well, since G and G prime both belong to G, we can operate on them by using the circle. So that's what we're gonna do for the first component, G circle G prime. Likewise, H and H prime both belong to the set H and therefore we have the operation asterisk that we can use. So we're gonna operate on those elements in that way, H asterisk H prime. And so this is what we call component-wise multiplication. I claim that this binary operation attached to the Cartesian product gives you a group structure and this is referred to as the direct product of G and H. So let's now prove that this binary operation satisfies the three actions of a group. It needs to be associative, it needs to have an identity and it needs to be, and these have inverses. So to show associativity, we have to take three arbitrary elements of the group. And as the group is the set of ordered pairs here, we're gonna just take three arbitrary ordered pairs. We can take a GH, a G prime, H prime and a G double prime, H double prime. And so then we have to operate them all together. So to do associativity, we're gonna do the second two first, the last two first and then the first one. So according to the component-wise multiplication, I should operate the G prime and G double prime using circle. I'm gonna operate together H prime and H double prime using asterisk, like so. This now gives us an ordered pair, which if we do component-wise multiplication again, we've put the first coordinate together. So we're gonna get G times G prime circle, G double prime, which does require the appropriate use of parentheses here. Next, we're also gonna take, for the second component, we're gonna take H to times H prime, H double prime. So you see this right here again. Make sure you have the parentheses. Now we have to be really careful about parentheses because again, we're trying to show associativity. If we're too careless with our parentheses, we might fall into the danger of circular reasoning. So we don't want to do that. Don't do that, that would be bad. Okay, so with that in mind though, if you look at just the first component, this is an element that belongs to G and because it belongs to G, G has an associative operation, we can redo the parentheses like we do here. And the same thing for the second component, this second component lives entirely inside of the group H and in H, the operation is associative, so we can redo the parentheses like we did here. Now it just comes down to unraveling this thing, right? So notice we're operating on the right now by a G double prime, H double prime. So in terms of component wise multiplication, we can take this G double prime and H double prime out into its own ordered pair. And if you're not convinced at all, take this thing and do component wise multiplication, you'll get back this thing right here. And then the same thing right here, since we're operating, operating, we can rip this thing apart by component wise operations. You get this thing right here. If you're not convinced, push it forward and you'll see that the two things are equal to each other. And so now what we've seen here is that if you operate on the last two first, that's the same thing as operating on the first two first. And that's the associativity axiom proven right there. So component wise multiplication is associative because the original two operations are associative. What about identities? Well, we need a candidate for the identity. And that candidate is actually gonna be the identity of G with the identity of H. So if you take G's identity as the first component and you take H's identity, which could be totally different things, I'm just gonna call both of them E in this context, abusing some notation there. But if you take the identities of G and H and put them together in order pair, that's gonna be the identity of G cross H. And so what do we get here? Well, E E times G H by component wise multiplication, you're gonna get E operated on G and E operated on H. That just gives you the element G H, right? So that's what an identity should do. But what if we check on the right as well? Well, by component wise multiplication you get G E and H E, but that's again, gives you back G H. So we have an identity element on G cross H, just as a quick textbook moment right here. If you wanna put that cross symbol, this is just backslash times in latex right there. So now inverses, we need a candidate for the inverses. Well, if you have an element G H, we're actually just gonna take as its first component, G inverse, and it's the second component, H inverse. I claim this is the inverse element. Well, by component wise multiplication, you put together the first components and the second components. Well, looking at just the first component, G inverse and G with respect to the circle operation, they're inverses, so you're gonna get back the identity. For the second component, H inverse times H, when you operate those together, you're gonna get back the identity. So G inverse H inverse is the left identity, as the left inverse, excuse me, but the same thing happens on the right. If you multiply this element on the right, you're gonna get a G circle G inverse, which is the identity, and you're gonna get an H star H inverse, which is the identity as well. So we see that G H inverse is just G inverse H inverse, and therefore G cross H has inverses and that establishes that G cross H is a group. The direct product is a very important way of building groups using smaller groups, and these do give us something that's potentially new from groups we haven't seen before. So for example, perhaps one of the most famous of all direct product groups is the so-called Klein four group, named after Felix Klein. And so the Klein four group is formed by the following way. We're gonna take the group Z two cross Z two, which that is we take this group of order two and we take all the possible pairings, right? So Z two, it's itself the group one and zero. And so we take all the possible pairings, we see four of them. So you get zero, zero, one, zero, zero, one and one, one. This is what's called the Klein four group. It's a group of order four. Now some things to notice about this group. Now, if we look at its subgroups, so you see the Haase diagram illustrated right here, the Klein four group is often denoted as V sub four. I'm not exactly sure why it's a V. I imagine that's probably a German thing. Don't speak German myself, maybe I ought to, but it's V four there. That'll be a subgroup. You'll have the trivial subgroup itself, which in this case, the identity would be zero, zero. Then you're gonna have three subgroups of order two. There's gonna be the subgroup that contains the identity and the element one, zero. There's the subgroup that contains the identity and the element one, one. And there's a subgroup that contains the identity and zero, one. They're really distinct subgroups of order two. They're distinct from each other. They're subgroups in their own right and there is no intermediate subgroups. So you get a Haase diagram that looks like the following. This is supposed to be seen in contrast to the cyclic, well, to the group Z four, right? Sometimes we prefer to as a cyclic group of order four. It is a group of order four and it's a billion. The Klein four group is also a billion. I should mention that. But when you look at the subgroup structure at the Haase diagram, you see something very different. The identity can make a subgroup, the trivial subgroup. There's the whole group itself, Z four. But as you search for subgroups of order two, there's only one subgroup of order two that's contained zero and two. The problem is if you try to take like one, right? If you're looking for a subgroup that contains one, if you have one, you're gonna have to contain one plus one, which is two. If you have one and two, you're gonna have to have one plus two, which is three, because it should be closed. But then you have everything at that point, right? The same thing happens if you do three. If you take a subgroup that contains three, you have to contain three plus three, which is two. You have to have three plus two, which is one, and then you get the whole group again, right? So when you compare these things side by side, right? The Haasei group for Z four, it'll contain the subgroup containing zero and two, and it'll contain the trivial subgroup. So there's only three subgroups. But with the Klein four group, you get these three distinct subgroups of order two. And so this tells us that these two groups are fundamentally different from each other. In group theory, we'd say that these groups are non-isomorphic, which is something we'll talk about in the future. But basically these two groups are not different representations of the same structure. They're two very different groups, even though they both are a billion of order four.


Alrighty, I'm in a fantastic mood. Things are starting to happen at Canada's Wonderland, which means we are getting close to opening. I know I'm a little too thin with that, but you know what, considering what we're going through in this world right now, we're getting close to opening. That being said, I'm super excited. It's my birthday tomorrow, so I'm super excited about that. Not gonna say my age, but nonetheless, it's my birthday tomorrow. And what better way to celebrate than posting an update? And I went to go fly, and I was expecting just like a small update, and I had heard some things through the wind, and I went to go fly, and holy smokes, there's a lot to talk about. Literally, within what, just a week, I just posted a week ago, there's already been a lot of changes. So let's go over in detail. I'm gonna insert some super zoomed in shots. So of course, when I literally edit these shots and zoom them in on my computer, it distorts the quality. So I apologize for the blurriness, that is just me abiding by the rules, flying at the height I'm allowed to fly at, and the distance I'm allowed to fly at from the park, and I'm super zooming. So I will show you exactly the ability I'm able to show you guys, but it's better than nothing, right? So that being said, the restaurant is definitely looking a lot larger than I thought. Seeing people inside the actual building brought perspective to me on the actual size. Now during the ACE event, we were told that it would not take up most of the Firework Hill, but that has definitely proven very incorrect based off of what we're seeing from the drone. Most of the Firework Hill is taken up by this restaurant, and that's not even including the patio that's gonna go along the outer portion of the building, including some of the design in the back with the patio and the firework, or fireplaces. Also to talk about, over in MedFair, very interesting. So I noticed about a week ago that there was some roof work going on the building for Canterbury Theater, and I thought, nothing of it. I was at no point in talking about it, is they're just probably tarrying it the same way they tarred the top of the mountain, not interesting whatsoever. Well, I noticed that Wonderland had actually had these like, kind of like air conditioning or heating cooling units in the parking lot storage area with that new, what we thought was the parade flow, but it's actually just winter fest storage. And they are now on top of the Canterbury Theater. They were installed, so whether that is heating or air conditioning or both, those have been installed. They're working on the roof as well. I'll insert a super zoomed-in shot. And they got some scaffolding going up around the building as well, which is super interesting. It is most likely just some fine tuning. I've been hearing that there's gonna be a lot of fine tuning going on at Wonderland with painting and making things really pretty. So this is probably one of those. It'd be really interesting to see if they actually start to utilize that building for something else, potentially. I don't see it. It's a very important building winter fest-wise. So I definitely just think they're installing actual better air conditioning or air filtration, whatever that may be, and they're gonna paint the exterior of the building to maybe blend into MedFair a little better. That could be very well it. So super excited to see what that ends up being. Just thought you guys would be super interested in that. A drop tower is getting ready. So if you look very closely, I'll insert a super zoomed-in shot. The maintenance, I don't know what it's called, but the maintenance compartment is attached to drop tower and it's up, meaning they're probably looking at the cables and analyzing the ride, getting it ready to potentially start testing. For those of you that don't know, Wonderland will start getting rides ready probably in the next two to three weeks. In the next two to three weeks, we will see rides running. Again, you'll see that on this channel, so keep your eyes peeled. We'll know exactly when the rides are testing or doing their cycle, so we'll be there filming. So super excited about that. Trying to think if there's anything else. Planet Snoopy still has its winter fest decorations up. And yes, there's some new construction trailers popping up in some weird locations. So we have a new one in Yukon Stryker's area, which I thought was interesting because we now have a construction trailer in the Yukon area, in the 90s diner, 60s diner, whatever it is, the cars themed diner, near a slingshot, there's one there. There's one right behind, I always forget what these tent theaters are called, behind the tent theater across from Wonder Mountain Scurrying. There's one behind there. So definitely a lot popping up, which is very interesting. I have no idea what this new one by Yukon could be for, but there's been vehicles parked there, so it could just be for another new project that's coming and they'll move it once the park starts to open. Again, you're gonna start seeing Wonderland working on 2023, 2024 projects. And you could start seeing construction trailers popping up in various parts of the park. Again, the park is gonna be focusing a lot on infrastructure on top of some new additions as well. Cedar Fair has announced a very hefty budget for 2023 attractions and additions in infrastructure. And I do predict Canada's Wonderland is going to be one of the parks receiving a good portion of it, a healthy portion, like the other parks at King's Island, Carowinds, Knottsbury Farm, and Cedar Point, I don't know if I said that already. On top of that, I'm trying to think if I missed anything. The wood at front gate still have no idea what it could be for. It could potentially just be winterfest takedown, as I said before, so we're gonna keep that out of it. A fence has gone up in the parking lot. So this is what's really baffling me. It's interesting timing. There's three porta-potties that have been set up, a giant blue fence, and a very small portion of the parking lot, I'll insert an image that goes from the pedestrian midway, the midsection of the parking lot where pedestrians walk towards front gate, all the way to the toll booths, and then it's angled away as if cars it's gonna be set up all season. So cars will be able to drive still, which I thought was interesting. I normally Wonderland rents out their parking lot, and this is what it very well could be for, but I'm just under the assumption that there are no cars currently to store in parking lots right now. There's a huge shortage on brand new cars. Thus, Wonderland wouldn't necessarily be renting out their parking lots to that, but who knows, it could be for something else. Maybe it's buses and stuff like that. I have no idea. Again, it's a really tricky thing.  Why do that rate as the park's gonna open in a month and two weeks? Something like that, month and three weeks. So it's very interesting. Interesting timing, very weird. It could be just repaving. That would be appropriate timing, to be honest. Like we could see them just repaving. The parking lot is in really bad condition, and this could just be part of that. So we'll be keeping an eye on that as well. Nonetheless, that could be it. I think that's it. Yeah, so we, again, a lot going on in the various sections of the park. We are noticing a dugout section across from the restaurant as well by the mountain. So we're gonna keep an eye on that. That would be an interesting place for them to relocate. Like, you know, like we were wondering where maybe the cookiewitch place is gonna go. It could be a Coke refresh station across from the restaurant, or it very well could just be theming, or nothing at all. But nonetheless, we are noticing something going on across from the restaurant with the digger, as you can see in the shot right now. So we'll keep an eye there. And I think that's it for now. But yeah, to me, that was a lot. Like for considering a week ago that most of this wasn't going on, a lot has changed. Again, we are seeing nothing with the wooden coasters, and I was expecting something to go on with the wooden coasters. So maybe something's changed. Maybe they weren't able to hire the carpenters in time. We do still have a bit of time. Like they could technically still try and squeeze it in, but with staffing issues going on in North America, I definitely think that that would be really risky. But nonetheless, we could still see it, but I'm really starting to think that, maybe we're gonna start to see something going on. I am expecting, again, this is my opinion here, this is take this with a grain of salt, but I am expecting Canada's Wonderland to start some ride removals. We are getting to that point. A lot of other parks have done it, and we're getting to our point where we should start seeing some of these older attractions getting pulled out to make way for some newer attractions. It's not to say Wonderland's out of land, there's definitely places Wonderland can build attractions without removing attractions, but in terms of maintenance costs, ridership, and then just even staffing the amount of attractions that Wonderland has, it's quite the nightmare. So I definitely expect Cedar Fair to start making some executive decisions to pull some of these older attractions with lower ridership and high maintenance costs out of the park. It's not gonna be Sledgehammer. I'm telling you that right now. Sledgehammer's here to stay. I can confirm that for at least now. But nonetheless, thanks so much for watching this video. Hopefully you're having an amazing week so far. And yeah, you'll probably start to see some updates a little more often now. Have a good one, guys. Bye.


Going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards. We've been 22 pretty national treasures collegiate football hobby four box case break number 30 random division style Here is a look again at your random results as always you can find that on the website under the results tab as well as the Lincoln Chat So good luck here everybody. Let's do it 22 NT collegiate football And guys anybody who is still in college will be a random to all That's pretty sick Maybe in the thousands I'd say around there potentially Matt That definitely could be a possibility Again guys, we've got a tiered random team case of flawless coming up as well as a four box of Star Wars galaxy Come on that is wedged in there. You got to go on the the trusty double cut Very rare move we have to do here, but sometimes it's necessary There we go. Yeah, baby. All right 22 NT collegiate Any guy any redemption of guys been drafted ie shroud or brace young? That's mainly what it's gonna be. We'll go to the team. They've been drafted to as well as any player Still active will go to the current team. They are on regardless of when the product come came out So like Christian McCaffrey would be a niner DJ more will be a bear So on and so forth Who they're playing for now, correct All right, Trey Lance to 75 for the Niners in the NFC West We've got a Micah Parsons going to the NFC East to 99 Nice one there NFC East Still a few spots to go in Star Wars as well galaxy random letter style drop you a link to that really quick 12 to go there. That is 70 a spot 13 of 99 Darius Slaton For the NFC East That's one there Next up one of 75 that's Trent McDuffie going to the AFC West by way of the Chiefs Grats on that chiefs Give his college teammate that is gonna be at Kyler Gordon. That is going to the NFC North by way of the Bears Kyler Gordon Stuff we've got one of 25 two-color RPA Zemir White going to the AFC West By way of the Raiders. Wow Brent W taking a flawless spot. We are down to five down to five Five to go and flawless everybody 94 of 99 Aiden Hutchinson. That's disgusting. That is gonna be going to the NFC North Josh Josh took one of the last spots. How about 10 of 10 Josh Desmond Ritter Chick-fil-A? Chick-fil-A bullpatch auto that is awesome. Congrats Josh Let's go Josh 10 of 10 Empty empty Yeah, guys, we're down to five to go on flawless now Five to go those spots are coming in grabbing while they're still available five to go Five to go and five Let's go Josh. Hell yeah, dude Nasty Ritter coming your way All right box two You got it. No problem Josh Congrats man a lot of autos in that one only one jersey card, right? Everything else was auto. Nice Yeah That was like when one of the I think the mixer yesterday the 21 NT We had like three RPAs or four RPAs back to back to back to back That really was awesome Check the live hatch on it. All right 47 of 99 going to the NFC East Lawrence Taylor We've got a FC North that is 23 of 25 Kyle Hamilton. All right, so this right here is one of those situations three of five We've got Cadarius Tony that is gonna go to the AFC West by way of the chief says he's now a chief It was a giant. I'm assuming when this came out, but this will go AFC West Nice one there as will this 7 of 39 that'll go NFC North DJ more for a colored patch auto as he is now a bear He was still a panther when this product did come out now. He is on the Chicago Bears So that is NFC North nice little patch here is gonna be at Marcus Mariota. Oh See he's on the Eagles, right? Yeah, that'll go NFC East he is now an eagle so that will go NFC East This may be a random right here. I'm assuming it will be that is gonna be CD Lam's Thirling Shepherd mark Andrews Marquise Brown So NFC East NFC East AFC North and NFC West Valerie owns the NFC East and The NFC West so that'll go by majority will go to Valerie because she has the NFC East and the NFC West I think Sterling Shepherd is still on the Let me double check that Yeah, New York Giants. So yeah, so CD Lam is Cowboys Sterling Shepherd is Giants Mark Andrews Ravens Marquise Brown Cardinals So again Valerie has the NFC East and the NFC West so by majority Valerie on 75% of the card that is enough That'll go to Valerie Wow Interesting. It's gonna go NFC South NFC South with Josh that's gonna be a treasured moments Bryce young. He's not usually live in this That's pretty cool. He's usually redemption. This is the first live Bryce young I've seen Nice one there congrats Josh. That's huge, dude Hell yeah, man. Yeah, and then NFC South another Desmond Ritter rookie Jersey Auto Josh killing it, dude Congrats, buddy. Very nice That was a big box right there for you Josh big time box All right box three now. Yeah either. It's kind of weird. Okay. Well, this one was upside down I don't want to put it upside down. It's gonna be Garrett Wilson 20 of 39 going to the AFC East Again, I did not want to put that on the on the face damage the surface or anything. So that is AFC East Garrett Wilson Mary Sanders is gonna be NFC North By way of the Lions We've got Alec Pierce nice one there. It's going to the AFC South on the rookie Jersey Auto Alec Pierce Followed by booklet first booklet of the break that is gonna be 51 of 99 We've got a Khalil Shakir going to the AFC East by way of the bills Khalil Shakir Boise State alum next up NFC East is gonna be a Jalen Tolbert three-colored RPI Next up nice one here is gonna be eight of ten that is gonna go to the AFC North Kenny Pickett a treasured threads eight of ten KP this really quick Next up Drake London nice one there for the NFC South NFC South Drake London Jersey Going to the NFC East 51 of 99. That is Brian Robinson, Jr. By way of the commanders Brian Robinson, Jr. Booklets yeah, yeah, sometimes there's three in a box. Yeah Sometimes you'll get it and the literally the thing will look like this because there's three booklets in it Yeah, again, there's empty empty last box of the break. Good luck everybody Again 12 to go on Star Wars galaxy random letter style. It's coming up next. Let's get that filled up. Oh Nice how about IFC East that's gonna be a one-of-one Josh Allen Congrats on that. It's a little bit thicker to just so you know Sean One-of-one IFC East Josh Allen What do you mean? For this one, this is the last one Yeah, get something by Donnie That is gonna be 20 of 99 Alexander Madison. I believe he is a Alexander man, I'm assuming still on the Vikings, but let me see really quick just a double check Yep, still a Viking just want to double check. I'm assuming that NFC North This is gonna go AFC West that is gonna be a Isaiah Spiller Nice one there Yes, I see north yep Yeah, true. I forgot I forgot if they re-signed him or not. I know he got a contract. I was assuming it was there This is gonna be Where do you have his most? only NFL experience was with the Steelers so that is gonna be AFC North Mateo Durant Mateo Durant Congrats on that one AFC North We've got AFC East again. That is gonna be a Garrett Wilson Garrett Wilson followed by a AFC North Joe Burrow 11 of 25 century materials Thank you Travis taking a spot Down to 11 ago on that appreciate you Travis 11 ago on Star Wars Galaxy Random letter style Nice one here. AFC North again George Pickens 17 of 99 on the rookie Jersey Auto Is on card for Georgia? Very cool George Pickens and The last end of the break is going to the AFC East that is gonna be 9 of 99 Breeze Hall on the College Silhouette signatures. Oh, no randoms. Take a first Gosh All right, let's do a recap everybody Nice break overall. I would say we had a Joe Burrow a Garrett Wilson at Drake London Can you pick it by majority this went to Valerie as she owned the NFC East and the NFC West Lam's Shepherd Mark Andrews and Mark East Brown. So she owned three of the four Keens That's Marcus Marriota NFC East. This is a eagle now and Micah Parsons Autos we had Breeze Hall George Pickens Matteo Durant Isaiah Spiller Alexander Madison Jalen Tolbert Alec Pierce Garrett Wilson Desmond Ritter DJ Moore Kaderious Tony Kyle Hamilton Aidan Hutchinson Xamir White Kyler Gordon Trent McDuffie and Darius Slaton We had a couple of booklets as well Brian Robinson Jr. to 99 as well as a Khalil Shakir to 99 and Then we had a Bryce young treasured moments to 39 NFC South We had a Desmond Ritter 10 of 10 Chick-fil-A bullpatch auto for the NFC South and one-of-one Josh Allen go into the AFC East that will do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill up next is Star Wars Galaxy


C'est un grand plaisir d'être ici aujourd'hui avec vous, avec Dominique le ministre Leblanc, avec la ministre Karina Gould. Je veux aussi souligner le travail exceptionnel de nos députés du Nouveau-Brunswick, Jannika Atwin, Serge Cormier, René Arsenault et Wayne Long. Also, very good to be joined by Premier Blaine Higgs and Minister Cardi as well. And moms especially across Nouveau-Brunswick know why affordable childcare matters. La coûte de la vie augmente à bien des niveaux et on sait qu'une grande portion des coûts pour les familles avec les jeunes enfants sont sur les garderies, les services de garde. Sans services de garde, il y a des choix impossibles que les gens doivent faire. Des mères qui doivent choisir entre leur carrière et d'être là pour leurs enfants, on doit s'assurer qu'on a des services de garde de qualité abordables pour toutes les familles à travers le pays et c'est exactement ce sur quoi on est en train de faire aujourd'hui pour changer les choses. I'm pleased to announce today that we have signed a deal with the government of Nouveau-Brunswick. By this time next year, childcare fees for families across Nouveau-Brunswick will be cut in half and within 10 years, the average price for childcare in Nouveau-Brunswick will be $10 a day. Families in places like Moncton and Fredericton will save around $7,500 a year on average. In addition, we'll be creating around 3400 brand new spaces. We're going to support workers in early childhood education with a wage grid and we'll boost the number of trained educators as well. Bottom line is we're going to make life more affordable. We're going to grow the economy by allowing more parents, particularly moms, to rejoin the workforce. And we're going to give kids the best possible start as they begin their schooling. This is part of a commitment we made to grow the economy, to support Canadians. As of today, nine provinces and one territory have now signed on to early learning and childhood education with $10 a day childcare within 10 years. On se rapproche de notre objectif de créer autour de 250 000 nouveaux espaces au Canada. Nous sommes prêts pour $10 a day childcare in every province and territory because that's a key part of our focus on delivery for the middle class and people working hard to join it. We're going to keep working until every family in Canada has affordable, high quality early learning and childcare because that's the right way forward for families, for our economy and for kids. Je veux aussi faire un commentaire sur la COVID-19. On est en train de faire face à une situation difficile avec l'arrivée d'eau-micron, avec une résurgence de cas dans bien des provinces et donc il faut souligner aux gens qu'il faut continuer de faire attention. Je sais que ça fait extrêmement longtemps qu'on vit avec, qu'on doit continuer de faire attention. Évidemment, c'est une très, très bonne nouvelle que le Canada est parmi les pays le mieux double vacciné dans le monde, mais il faut continuer d'être vigilant et d'être attentif. Boosters are now there for people across the country, so please, when it's your turn, get your booster shot, get your third dose, it is going to make a difference in keeping us safe and keeping Canadians out of hospitals into the coming year. It's also time to have our kids get vaccinated. My seven-year-old got vaccinated just a week and a half ago and it's a huge weight off of our shoulders. We need to make sure that our kids are kept safe. So if your kids are five to eleven, it's time to get them vaccinated as well. That's the best way we can keep them safe. We can keep all our families safe. Obviously, with the holidays coming up, people are going to have to make choices and decisions around how to keep their loved ones safe. It's important to continue to follow public health guidelines and rules, but know that as always, the federal government will be there to support you, to see us through that we made a promise to have people's backs. That's exactly what we will do. And that's yet another example that we're showing today with this historic deal with New Brunswick on early learning and childcare.