Okay, so to start off I'll begin with a small demo after which I'll be Showing you how the various steps of what are cloud 2 device messaging is the framework and how the all steps go on For our proper implementation of cloud 2 device messaging and what alternatives could be there for this for implementation of cloud 2 device messaging Yeah, so for demoing, I just build a small application Which can be installed on any phone and what this does is Your application that is there it needs to register to any kind of service From which you need to get the notifications or the messages This could be done So Yeah, so this one is pretty simple it just displayed It registered itself and it displayed the register ready any modification and Then I can use any server application that needs to send a message and hopefully it gets gets sent the phone so Very basic thing of how you're going to send your Data from your server your own most it's over or through what I've done is over here is from the Google App Engine and Sending any kind of data to whatever application that you have using the push notifications framework that is cloud 2 device messaging framework so I like to go a bit faster because I love to cover a lot of steps and I hopefully Will be able to go to all look in corners of what are the basic configurations that are required for Cloud 2 device messaging so a bit about me Yeah, so maybe Discussing Pull versus push why do you require a data continuously on your applications C2DM the requirements for C2DM How does it work the architecture and the settings that are required your registration? How you're going to implement C2DM your client application and your server application and If there are any alternative or if you want to host your own cloud-based service what you could do and it works on it So before I start a few assumptions you know Java You have the experience in building apps, you know broadcast receivers services permissions user permissions application permissions wake logs A&Rs a bit of what should we get first and The bit of Python code because that's what the application service and application is built-in Okay, so start with why we require to send any kind of data from your servers to Your devices like in the case of news applications or in the case of any kind of applications or you want to send updates Like various projects have been spawned for sports updates or any kind of updates in real time You need to set or continuously keep on sending fresh data to your device. So that is the requirement that we want now few approaches are there for sending this kind of data you Use polling in polling. You're going to use timers Which are going to continuously run and after that timer is going to come out You're going to again go to the server Ask if the data has been changed or no if the change that is this one over here Whether the data has been modified or not that will be checked and if it is modified then that data will be sent now Make this advantage over here is if you're going to run your own polling service I have taken this data from the group and our presentation that was done two years ago then C2DM was introduced so The engineers over there they told that our idle power draw is about five to eight million years like when The polling service the service that is there in the background is running Without even going and connecting to the server it uses about five to eight million years But when it starts connecting actually to the server So maybe it wants to connect after five five minutes or so It will fetch about one hundred and forty four million amperes per day. That is about 10 percent of the whole day Whole day's quota of your device battery If you work for 15 minutes Polling that is about 48 million years and you do not want to do this for the particular For the particular device because your user gets fed up and needs to non install your application So instead of this Push can be thought of as an alternative because we continuously do not know when and when I need to keep on polling because Always the data on the server is not going to be updated or there is no proper requirement Or the data may be continuously being updated on the servers. So there are various requirements that need to be met So that can be handled properly on the server side. So instead of code, we are going to use a push now, uh, it only has uh It only uses the network and essentially the battery only when it is necessary That is there are some kind of updates in the server and you can only present the data to the device So how you can do it? You can send a simple sms one That is you run in the sms.  You Uh put on permissions for acceptance of sms and you get the URL and you send an sms to the particular device and That particular device is going to be notified that you need to update your data So this this this particular way is costly because there is the possible form of sending of sms, which is very costly another way is by using a persistent, uh, connection that is, uh means it stays alive But it's going to use a very low level, uh, low amount of battery and it is used to produce some kind of Sorry, uh, that is the third one. Uh before that is back So back essentially is again, uh, in the end you're going to, uh, you're going to require sms to be sent to your device Uh, means after the whole cycle of back that takes place You need to send a message uh to your device, which is going to again, uh, fetch the data based on, uh, the received sms So instead of that, uh We are going to use or we are going to look into, uh, what is c2dm, which is google's persistent connection uh Influences this also used some kind of polling, but uh, good. Let's figure it out. Uh, and also if, uh, it's free Also, it's already been installed on various of the devices while they're being manufactured So instead of providing your own persistent service, which is going to draw another amount of battery from the device You can use the existing service that is provided by google Optimize messaging. It's a free actually standard framework that is provided by google Uh more efficient because it uses big backing on the already existing connection provided by google Messages by best effort delivery here. It's fully meant for notification You cannot, uh, send in like rich application rich data or heavy amounts of data through the framework requirements and limitations So c2dm is supported but that is from through your own words Uh, it requires the device to have a google market app installed Which is going to install the gss that is google services framework On the emulator if you're trying to run on the emulator you require One of the google api is installed from above 2.2 and at least one google account Which is going to be there on the device which is used for connection or and sending or identification of that device Which is used for sending data to that device Uh, some limitations. It is best effort delivery. Uh, it's not so Means how the how the order is that is not predefined The payload is going to going to be fixed at uh, once you know before you cannot exceed that how the data is said We'll be looking uh later It's okay because we just need to send the notifications and we'll be looking that after you send notifications You can run your own service to fetch the actual data from your servers Uh, another important thing it's just still in labs the quota that is there like in the other um other services like Uh, ua and then we'll be discussing uh, it's not quite clear the quota for pricing. It's not clear But what do you mean it doesn't have to be installed to the market? That you just made a point You don't have to be installed by a market Yeah, uh, that is uh your application Uh, necessarily doesn't need to be have be there on that market list Means unsaid application from your own network. You can provide it The only thing is uh, it needs google So market app over here is not uh, connected in any sense with uh, your application You just need it there so that the market uh, the Google services framework from the market app that is installed is going to be used by your application But it doesn't need to be posted on the market market so I'll be going step by step how the way list thinks that takes place Basically them steps for sending in Sending in an authentication and sending the notification from the google service. So this is about the architecture of c2tn Your device. This is the google cloud and if you have your own app server your own app server So one by one, we'll be looking into all of the steps So, uh, I guess I'll uh Move on So I'll move on directly to the steps that are involved. So step zero you need to sign up for an account Uh for sending sending of the messages that are there for sending of notification You need to as it is still in the uh, it's still in the beta. It's in the labs. You need to have a account that is vitally Uh, you need to sign a page and you need to provide the details of how much Estimate of how much messages you're going to send. Uh, what is the peak data? Peak number of messages that you're going to send and it is limited currently to Two million messages per day for that particular sender It also limits to the number of messages that are sent to more device But that again is unclear. It is not even in the quota So contacts you at a roll email which is tightly a google account that is the center Sender address that is going to be used for sending the notifications So the first step Your device needs to be registered for receiving the notifications. So this you're going to do from your application So the device is going to send a registered request to the c2d of front end So a bit about so moving on Notifications from one server one day So one one right listed even address can send uh, two million Notifications in one week just two million Again, there is a limitation of all device and quota So that is not given quite clearly Yeah, it is like, uh, the messages that are going to be sent for device that is not quite clear But if you have a Large amount of like your customers So in that case if you want to go and exit the quota you again need to fill a form and you need to request it from google and they hopefully Send back to your request and you can get a lot of No amount of quota from them, but that is again a paid service. This i'm speaking for free service see the Registration can be done in two ways for your device or for an app So basically what happens is you're going to associate the registration ID with your device or with the application So the registration ID is going to be Issued to the application that is for the device from the c2d in front end Right, so the device is going to ask it, uh, the authorization ID for the device For c2d Step number zero Yeah Request to defend Uh, no It's fine Till when your package name is same So for two different apps, which i create as a developer i'll apply for c2c2d It's fine. It's coming Yeah, it's completely different next time creating another app for which again i have to You have to request another No, you can use the same authorization that you'll be looking you can use the same one It depends on the registration ID that you're going to get from the device and not the one that is already with the developer So there are two authentications in what one is from the device Which is the id for the device second one is for the developer. So you do not need to uh Go on to fetch a new registration for id for every application So therefore because it requires a device that you cannot sign up for c2dm from html5 education You need an idea I'm not quite clear about html5 But uh, yeah, you need to access gsf Like you need to use the file that is provided by marketplace So we'll be looking how that registration takes place You mentioned the application level, but the other one is at the user id level Yeah, that helped me So if coming back to this question, if it is at the app level and then you want it for another app, then you see as a app will also require a separate registration See it depends like uh, you want to have multiple applications from your company on the device But you need to send only one notification for all of the apps This question uh, coming from the back is a little about the limitation of how many number of notifications uh, can be sent But coming back to the registration process If you're talking about the app-based registration, I want to register two apps Inverting that they will have two different packages. So that would be two, two registrations required Yeah That is identified as here If I'm doing it Won't happen that won't happen. Uh, I'll be coming to that point by that won't happen. So No, uh, I'll be telling you what happens. Uh, basically when receiving takes place So only one will be receiving you can single other other applications that I'll install Uh, do I need to message today? So if you have multiple applications only one single application is going to be notified that I'll uh, be explaining and then you can go on Uh, issuing the service for communicating with the other of your other applications Uh, I'll get back to the questions, right? Uh, so first step First step you need to register This is how the app manager manuscript looks. So So simple permissions you require for c2dm sending or receiving which are Distinguished by your app package Over here, they're using gate lock that I'll be speaking about internet connection for sending c2dm permissions for receiving and accepting and receiving of the message One important permission over here is uh, signature level permission. So using this one I make sure that uh, the messages that are going to be Whenever the application is registering from this, uh, this particular Uh, application minute is going to register only this specific application is going to receive whatever messages are going to be said from this C2dm server So only for this signature that is for this package name I'm going to get All the notifications for that particular registration So hopefully, uh, I'll come back to you and answer this your question based on this So, uh, after I specify this, uh, so this you need to specify, uh, not as a user permission So this will become a signature, uh, after you've given that, uh, you need to register your app So you're going to create a new, uh, internet registration Uh, wherein you're going to issue a new intent for registration over here You identify your app using any name over here So that, uh, whenever it is going to get the registered registration intent, it is going to be identified by this particular string Uh, you need to set over here the sender account that is from which particular email address you're going to receive the notifications That is the whiteness your email ID that you have registered You fire up the uh fire of the registration so after the registration happens You need to get the ID that is an ID will be returned to you That you need to send to your app server because that particular ID is going to be used Along with your lecturing it with a username and that particular ID you're going to use for sending notifications to the device Okay, so, uh Uh, using broad pass service, I need to handle the all receive event I'll be showing you the biggest files that I have got so If, uh, simple I need to check whether it is a registration uh action Uh, which is going to be provided to me, uh by the c2d and so that is Google service framework I need to handle I need to get the registration ID over here is unregistered. Uh, this will be true so If there are any errors, there are various errors like service and not available currently or we'll be looking into various errors later on They can be handled over here If you have your registration ID, you get the registration ID, you're going to start a separate trip Uh, this thing over here, uh, you're going to start, uh, like you need to send your ID to your third party server and you're posted So for doing this, you're going to go create a new intent and go out of this because uh, you're not going to create The law, sorry, that is the a and r the unresponsiveness Uh, so over here. I'll be creating a new service. Which is going to Send the data. Uh, that is the ID and it's going to register on the third party. Uh, my app server Can use a service which is essentially going to get the registration ID and Over here you use the device ID from the telephone manager. You can use the device ID And this you're going to send it using a post request to your server to embed some kind of identification The token is there and some kind of identification is there Which is going to be used the token is going to be used along with the identification So that if there's a username that i'm going to use along with the token for sending the Uh, particular notification for the device. So i'm going to record that ID over here So, uh, this is the server side, uh, which has been created in python Assisted so I created a simple To just two fields over here the account name registration ID Uh, I need to handle the post of yet request. I need to get the account and the ID over here Associated the manager's process them. So this data are going to be used for sending Notifications that we'll be looking into So it has been after your device has got the registration ID It has been gone to your server. It is registered over there along with the username Now you need to go and authenticate with the google The google front end, uh, which is going to use the client login service to get an Authentication, uh, token based on the sender in the ID that you have been registered Uh, which is my industry. So using that, uh, send an ID, you'll be getting, uh, an authentication token This you can use using, uh the client login service Where you need to give The parameters uh account type which can be uh Google or hosted or google your email address over here, which is the white listed email address your password The service is a AC to dm And over here the source can be anything, uh, which is being a basic format for which is my company my app and the version of that particular application Uh, header will be application slash and uh form url included Okay, so after I issue this particular issue this particular request I'm going to get a if able to authenticate. I'll get the hdp 200 response with the offline Which is basically my token So this token i'm going to cache it and this token i'm going to use for sending for authenticating with my front end of my c2d app So message with octoken and device id are used They are sent to the server so the whichever device you want to send the message the idea of that i'm going to use And the octoken that i receive these both are going to use and send it to the c2d in front end So if you post wherein you provide the registration id You provide uh, so these are the various fields that are required a registration id Uh, the data which is encoded in the form of uh data dot key equals to value This one is straightforward the device on which you want to send that is a registration id uh to Uh important feature the warrior that are provided as collapse key and delay by id So if uh, you know if you're if the device is offline and you're sending the ddp sending updates So you can club the same type of messages under one collapse key So instead of flooding the device with number of notifications all of those modifications will be clubbed together again One single message so the messages are going to be overwritten based on the collapse key So at once only four collapse key that is four different kind of messages are Supported by google that is delay by ident. So Instead of going, uh, so if this is true, uh, whenever the user screen is not, uh, that is you do not want to using this device like the screen is uh, The screen is black off. So I do not want to wake up the device I can send a send in the notification after the device is going to be So after the user starts using the particular device. So for that, uh, which is going to be handled by google Uh, the process from the addition by google knows when whenever the device is on or off So using that I can set it like I need to uh, send the notification when the whenever the user is up So some of the errors if I do not get a shpp or so, uh the first one then later if Google reissues your odd tokens, uh, without with other specific time frame that is it is going to change the odd taker or tokens for that Send the email id. So in that case you need to go re-login again send the shpp post request to the client login page and get a new odd token 503 the server is busy use pgpacking and go and send the message later logs from submitted time Uh, I should be uh, so some of the iron and iron messages Based on sending or sending Uh, uh, to the device maybe quota exceeded one day quota exceeded device quota for that particular device exceeded invalid registration Not registered means the device is unregistered from the service. It is not it does not currently want to handle Notifications methods to big greater than 1024 Uh missing collapsey collapsey is compensated over here so Step six seven eight these are handled by the google servers Uh, you don't want me to worry about it. What happens is uh, the best is going to be uh, so based on your authentication idea And the device authentication idea is going to uh, first of all authenticate you Then it is going to use the uh messaging queue and it is going to be a queue your message in the c2dm messaging queue And uh, then it is going to ask the c2dm messaging server to round that particular message So what happens is uh, first for it verifies it temporarily queues us queues a message over there Calls some messages until uh, they are delivered or they are going to be expired point when they are going to be delivered It's just best effort delivery If you're going to send messages continuously and the previous message was not delivered to the device With the same registration idea and the collapse key that is same type of message. It is going to replace the existing message Uh, yeah, it's going to avoid so that is going to be used for avoiding overload So previously as i told four that is four different types of messages can be used with the collapse key And then the route round is going to be handled by c2dm messaging server And then the messaging server is going to be delivered by your message which again you need to handle on your device now now So google is uh, uh, so i just want to uh check uh check into the thing that uh, i'm not continuously sending my notifications So that uh, the device is not going to be overloaded with continuous notifications and my battery is not good The device battery is not going to be uh bono It is going to detect number of messages uh for it to add So first few messages are let through As and then they come but subsequent messages may be delayed So this is handled by the queuing servers the logic over there, uh, which is known as for attenuation Which is handled by the google servers. So this is basically used for saving, uh, the battery Of the user. I mean she told you about divine divine ID This is how your messaging server is going to send the message from cloud to your device using, uh, They have a personal connection. Sorry. They have a connection based on the gdoc service over there And so this is how they're going to Send in a whole of the The whole idea behind that is that you're going to send key value pairs over here Uh, and based on the filter that that we have put in your android assembly file, you're going to receive Uh, you're going to receive a call to your on uh, on that is broad cut receiver Broad cut receiver and your broadcast receiver needs to handle the on receive event So, uh, before moving on to handling of the event you can you need to handle Wakelocks because after you're going to go in handling or Petching of data you need to handle wakelock over here So if you're going to use wakelock, it's not compulsory. You compulsory use wakelock, but it's just pretty Visibly use one if you do that you need to provide, uh, this permission wakelock Again, if you have to use your application your android, uh, manifest file Uh, you get a partial wakelock And so two methods that I want to Uh, acquire the wakelock and release the wakelock these are used, uh, later on So when I get the message, uh, I have provided an android, uh, manifest file Which broadcast receiver is going to be called, uh, called for whenever I'm going to receive my message So based on that this, uh, uh, c2gm receiver is going to be, uh, this Is going to be called So here I need to handle, uh, if it is registration I need to handle registration if it is, uh, that was previously done If it is received that is I've got a new message then I, uh, again As I told previously those values are going to be provided as data and, uh, that is key and value pair So I need to fetch, uh, the data based on that particular, uh, key value pair So that key value pair you have already provided from your, uh, Server application as you remember recall So that you're given on your server application Based on that you're going to retrieve it over here And then whatever data is there you can pass it for application Okay, so Then I'm going to get a wakelock over here And start my own because you know we do not want this application to stop working because it isn't the broadcast receiver So I start a new, uh, another service over here Which is going to go and perform the task of refreshing the data that is there on the device So after this data is, uh, fetched, uh, totally visiting of data Maybe I get a post request over here Based on how the passing works I can, uh, pass what kind of data I want to, uh, fetch from my server Then I'll handle this fetching of data over here and then I'll release the wakelock Yeah, and the final step would be, uh, you acknowledge the delivery Uh, after the acknowledging of delivery, uh, C2DM client, uh, sends an ACK That is your, uh, device is going to send an ACK And then your messaging server is going to remove that particular message from the queue Okay, and again if you want to send a recent multiple amount of messages, uh, More messages to the same device You can go and scare her and repeat the step number five And, uh, essentially step by step number two, uh, uh, two and three need to be, uh, run again if, uh, like, you're all here You're going to handle the four So if there is 200, that is, uh, quota exceeded or device quota exceeded as well as 503, uh, that is, the service is not available You need to handle them, that is, you can catch them on the server and later deliver those messages Or you can essentially use, especially with our exposition backup if there is 503 But, uh, if you're going on with the quota exceeded, device quota exceeded, you need to try on later Again, you can also handle the unregistration of that particular app from the, uh, push notification service So this again is going to be handled by your broadcast receiver So on, again over here, while you're just handling the unregistration, uh, it needs to notify your app server, third party app server That this application has unregistered itself So now strong sending messages, uh, uh, to that particular registration ID So quick review of all the steps before I move ahead This was the architecture, 11 steps, easy steps You register for your, you sign in first, step number zero You register yourself You send 90 You record it on the third party app server You authenticate yourself with the client login Use that particular authentication token and catch it so that next time when it wants to authenticate itself, uh, that is If it runs into 401, it is going to again re-shoot the auth Uh, using that authentication token and the device ID, uh, send your message to the security imprinted Our cloud is going to handle, uh, requesting, uh, that is handling the authentication Cueing it to the messaging queue and handling the routing of the, uh, routing of your message And then deliver your message The link of message you're going to refresh the data on your device And the final step would be acknowledgement of the delivery So that was the basic steps that are, uh, that take place while you need to, uh, set up notification, uh, handling From c2dm that is existing, uh The Google framework that is there Some alternatives, uh, can also be used, uh, instead of if you do not want to go to c2dm There are some other alternatives like, uh, there's overnation So this is the same, uh, same framework that is provided by, uh, Google But they have their customized library for c2dm Uh, they have their own proprietary connection library that is android helium Using which they want to set up their own communication, uh, that is, uh Their own protocol they're going to use for communication and push service And, uh, you can also use hybrid, uh, like if you can switch on between the services, uh, instead of c2dm or helium Now for your s3 for using android helium, you need to pay, uh, and you can check out their products You can see the, uh, uh, see the, uh, cost that is required for android helium But you need to pay for that and c2dm again, uh, that is free again up to the two, uh, two million, uh, quota that is there Which is again same as what Google provides Uh, x25, uh, again, uh, they have their own, uh, particular service for push notifications Pretty limited, simple notifications Uh, one thing over here, uh, it's half support for, uh, rich, rich push that is html5, uh, Sending of html5 data directly as push notifications, but for, uh, for android they're going to use, uh, they're going to use a simple notification service Yeah, it will be coming to that. So, uh, good question over here Let me put that in slide, uh, last number of devices are still in 2.1 or later devices, uh, previous devices So these services are not going to be, uh, these services are not going to handle, uh, uh, that kind of push notifications Android helium over here supports, uh, from above, uh, 1.6 But again if you want to support it for any kind of device, you can run in your own position connection So that is the alternative if you do not, if you're not able to support that particular service So you go on to run in your own position connection So some alternatives for running your own connection, uh, like, you do not want the whole strip service from google or, uh, Urban asian and you want to run the whole service from your own servers. You can use these libraries Uh, decal is one of them, a push library, uh, which is, which you can run it on your own server It is built, uh, it is way, uh, to make it lightweight, it uses the, uh, lightweight to meet your browser Everything that you could use for is, uh, MQ telemetry transport, which is built again by IBM So, uh, there are several other few, uh, listings of persistent connection But these are the optimal ones that are available if you want to run your own service or if you want to handle devices Uh, that are below 2.2 Uh, I'll just go on to the summary So we do not want push, so requirement is you want to keep, uh, the data that is there updated Uh, we want to keep the data fresh Uh, polling sucks because a large amount of battery is going to be used by polling So we are going to use push, uh, we could use sms or rap, but again the data charges that are involved Makes it inefficient It's expensive We could run in our own persistent connection, but that again is not, uh, pretty, uh, good because that again is going to cost you with the use of radio and internet And instead of having two different connections, why not use the existing one? So using c2dm, which is again an existing framework over there Uh, it requires some work that is there, uh, setting up, uh, setting up of your application But that is again boilerplate Moderate points over here, features, collabs key that are told you for clubbing, similar, uh, line number of notifications Your attenuation, that is, uh, your delay while idle and your attenuation, that is, uh, you continuously are going to set The uh, the google servers are going to, uh, block in the continuous delivery, uh, which are associated with the same collabs key And last but not the least, they are still in laps, so the ground steps pretty easy


2023 was a huge year for CSS. Let's check out some of the highlights. The half-selector is going stable this year to support parent selection, quantity queries, and a lot more. Decorative, hardware-accelerated, scroll-driven animations, LAN and Chrome. Color brought this year with new color spaces and new gamuts, which also came with new functions like ColorMix and relative color syntax. Use the pop-over attribute for built-in accessible keyboard bindings, light dismiss, and top-layer support. Create smooth web experiences with view transitions in your single-page apps. Subgrade is here to help you wrangle those complex layouts. Transition to and from display none and use add-starting style to animate entry effects. Use trigonometric functions for more organic interfaces and interactions. Have the browser make your line wraps for your headlines in your paragraphs beautiful with text wrap balance and text wrap pretty. To help you learn more about all the things that landed in 2023, we're launching CSS Wrapped. We can't wait to see what you build with this new generation of UI features.


Hello everyone, this is Amit Dan of amitdan.com. Today I will have another episode of internet tips and tricks video and I will talk about how to access your android phone right from your windows 10 computers. If this is your first time or repeat visit, thank you for your support. On this channel, I am always trying new and different ideas. If that is something you are interested in, please visit for more. If you are only interested in tutorial videos, there will be links in the description box below. Today I will show you how you can access your android phone right from your windows 10 computers. This is a feature most people do not use and this is actually a very good app and handy feature that can save you a lot of time and hassle because you know you can access most of the items on your phone from your PC if you have android phone and windows 10 computers. This also works with Apple phones but I am going to be concentrating on android phone because that is what I use. So the first thing you need to do, you need to have your phone app installed on your computer. If you do not have that, then just head to Microsoft Store on your computer and install it from there but most likely your computer already has that app and you can just search for this app by going to the search on your lower left corner and then search for your phone and you will see that it is already there and then just click on it. And once you open it, then it is going to ask you to what type of phone you are going to be using so if you can choose android phone and then it will ask you to go to that address to install your phone companion on your android phone. Now you don't have to actually go to that link, you can just also search on your Google Play Store by putting your phone app and it will show up but also you can just click on that link or search for that link and it will install that on your phone. So once you have installed, you can just click on it and it will go through connecting your phone and your computer so it's going to take a few seconds and then once it's done then you can connect them by taking a picture or by scanning the code right here or you can do it manually too but I just scanned the code and it works fine for me. So once you finish scanning the code, you can just sign in and link your phone and it doesn't take long and once connected then you will be access all your major apps on your computer or on your laptop which is running Windows 10. So once you signed up then you can see on the left of the app notifications, messages, photos and calls. So you can access your text messages by going to messages and you can see all your notifications if you activate that and then you can see photos from your phone and also you can make calls but in order to make and receive calls you have to just turn on Bluetooth which I didn't do because you know I'm not interested in taking calls from my computer and then you can see and reply back all your messages which you're looking at it right now and then you can actually go to the photos you have on your phone and you can look at them or you can delete them or you can even transfer them on your computer. This is a good app and it will let you do lots of things from which you require to go to your phone right from your Windows computer and sometimes if you're working on a project or working on something you don't want to get off or leave the project to pick up the phone or pick up that you know messages and you can do everything right from your computer. So that's all for today and right from your computer. Microsoft is working to bring your phone screen mirroring on your computer but that feature is not available yet but it's coming soon in the future. Thank you for watching this video there will be more videos coming up so I'll see you shortly. Thank you.


Quantum just made a major announcement yesterday about advancing and creating your first generation quantum random number generator microchip. Can you tell us a little bit about this please? Yes of course. So yes it was actually a very important milestone for us because we created already about a year and a half ago I mean our first I would say working prototype what we call our foundation you know technology and with that we are creating several iterations you know several possible device that will contain the same characteristic you know I mean basically creating that source of entropy that comes you know from quantum mechanics and that source of entropy just to remind everybody is a very important you know was crucial to make the encryption of a very high quality. So in that perspective you know I think now the possibility to miniaturize in fact our technology this is actually what the microchip does basically without you know we compromise any functionality and any even the throughput you know and I would say efficiency of the technology you're able basically to have the basically our device now on the size of a basically a nail this is what you know it's about a one centimeter square you know I mean as big you know and so it is for us actually it means that you could be able later on you know I mean to put our technology basically in anything that is connected to the internet in one way or another so and the purpose for that obviously of doing that it's actually to microchip would participate to create an encryption and cybersecurity basically defense that would allow most of these products containing that microchip to become unhackable or at least extremely difficult to hack. Well I'm certain that most of our audience understands what the microchip is but they may want you to dumb down what a quantum random number generator is and how a company can use that to protect themselves. So I mean when you look at how everything is I mean any communication over the internet you know or any communication in general has to be scrambled you know if you want that no third party able to read or interfere with your the content of your message. So encryption exists for a long long long time and and without getting too you know technical here because it can become extremely technical one particularly when you talk about behind there is a science of encryption called cryptography and that could be extremely complicated. So without getting too technical what is important is that the way you seed or you start in fact encryption depends very much on the randomness of the architecture of that encryption. Basically it is well recognized that the most random in fact your encryption is the better it's going to be or the most difficult it to be for a third party actually to guess what is there is a very sequence or not into your encryption and that would prevent in fact the third party to be able to guess what is the basically the encryption pattern and if they able to do that they able to predict what's going to the future of your message and decrypt the message. So having a high randomness basically prevent you know that these two happen. So what do we do here is that okay well why don't you use a randomness well pure randomness is impossible to obtain in our in our world you know the world we live today which is called classical physics there is nothing random pure random you know there is a lot of complex phenomenons but there is no pure random numbers or numbers or pure random phenomenons. If you wanted to obtain a pure source of randomness you have to rely on quantum physics and this is why the reason why there is a connection now with the quantum quantum technology and the quantum revolution is to obtain that in fact that source of pure randomness. So we do that in fact we it's an invention that was done at the University of Sherbrooke by a professor you know a world renowned specialist in quantum noise and what you do basically is using the property of quantum particles that are at the same time they are a particle with a mass and at the same time they can behave like a wave. How they behave like a wave or as a as a particle is a completely random phenomenon. So you exploit that to create basically a stream of electrons of the current you know I mean that's what that's the reason why quantum the name of the company is called quantum e-motion is due to the motion of electrons okay and obtaining that basically you can create a current of electrons that are completely time you know independent so that means that you can that signal can be after that transform in the device into a source of pure random bits that's what they call it. I'm sorry to be a little technical but there is very difficult to explain that without getting it to a little bit technical. I then want to ask you we really enjoyed your presentation at yesterday's investor talk and some of our investors were interested in how the larger corporations the Intel's out there would they not be able to create an AI driven quantum directed code you know breaker for all intents purposes to counter I mean how can a small company provide such an incredibly competitive way for cybersecurity. First of all I mean the research on QRNGs and everything exists already for a while so there are companies out there we're not the only one you know I mean that doing that however the majority of these companies are using another I would say source of I mean they're using another quantum particle it's called a photon to actually generate it the same basically randomness so our difference here is like we're using electrons and we're pretty much the you know the the only ones who at least we have you are the only ones who have the the original patterns on that okay so and we believe that you know our approach is with I would say very robust it's a very I would say efficient you know and provides actually you know a source of randomness that is extremely you know producing a randomness at high speed and ultimately it's extremely I would say also cheap to produce so and since it's electronics electrons you know it embeds you know Siemens less you know with the the other electronics so we have a technology that actually is superior I think to the competition in many ways so how does the incorporation of this QRNG technology into a microchip microchip represent a pivotal advancement in quantum communication technology because at the same time and now that it allows actually to you know and bring that you know basically technology to almost everything connected to the internet you know I mean any device you know I mean because now you're a lot of device will need to be also self-sufficient when it comes to security because attacks sometimes are so fast for example one of the big markets for the technology down the road would be you know the self-driving cars you know in the in the you know we we expecting at some point you know that when the that technology or that cars will be ready that will have actually on the roads a lot of cars will driving themselves without having a driver you know I mean it will and they will be driven by GPS it's already exist you know but it's still not mainstream and and in the future so how do you prevent somebody to attack or actually hack a car actually there are already movies sci-fi movies that actually you could see in fact cars you know the you know electric cars that actually hacked you know and basically they're starting to to create havoc on the streets you know because basically they out of control so how do you prevent that you know this is going to be a big challenge because you know to be able to do that this the security systems in the cars will have to be almost independent you know so of external you know any input so you need to starting to create now systems that are going to be in terms of security self-sufficient and the source of randomness to create for example a very high you know security encryption in that case will need actually technologies like the microchip to be able to be efficient in responding to an attack they'll have to be a respond to in milliseconds you know to prevent actually these attacks so right now what's your initial line of sales that you can use with the quantum random number generator microchip first of all we still I mean if you if you read the you know the the press release you know we we have the chip now we still need to do a run you know I mean we're expecting actually the finding because we had to do a few changes you know I mean improvements you know on the chip you know but it's pretty trivial though so that should not be an issue we should expect actually by next fall to have the fully functional you know chip so once we have that I think our first for us you know I said I think I said in the previous interviews that we had that we focused very much on health care for example who is a it's a huge it's a huge market you know not very well served in terms of cyber security and on top of that it's a market where whoever supplies a solution health care is responsible for the security and security is becoming actually integrated as part of the quality of the product so medical device for example you know they're almost every new medical device is one way or another connected to the internet so it's extremely important you know to to have the you know the top notch security technology to prevent actually that patients you know suffer an attack you know from from hackers there's been so many give you a few examples that are actually already you know famous in I think it happens in the United States several times there's been people that had these new for example pacemakers that are connected you know with with the internet you know for better monitoring etc well they've been hacked you know imagine if you receive a message you know saying oh if you don't send these you know numbers of dollars or bitcoin to you know buy tomorrow will turn off you can make pacemaker so I don't think you're going to spend the nice you know very good night you know that at that moment you know I mean this is obviously very dramatic but I mean these situations can can can happen actually more and more in the future and let's not forget that why we're interested in health care is that it's the number one or at least one of the top assets that the hackers are going after it is a very lucrative that actually to sell to steal the resell or actually patient health care data so how long after the adjustments and enhancements are made with you know your prototype and your prototype testing before it can actually make it to market what kind of timeline are we looking at I mean we should happen and by the end of the by the end of the year you know I mean obviously you know we're not manufacturing ourselves a medical device etc so we'll need to to find you know obviously partners you know partnerships you know with manufacturers that want to integrate their their chip into their system of security for a medical device for example so we we're not selling the medical device we're just selling and you know an important element of their security how are you protected for patents and licensing right now we have four patents that have been granted by the the US office for example with the main actually institution you know that for intellectual property so and we are continuing in building our intellectual property so it's you know we we not like most I mean because let me directly understand that our inventions are physical you know I mean it's very difficult as you know to to create a very strong IP if you only have the in our software solutions like most most people most the industry in in cybersecurity it's all about software it's very difficult you know we have that strength that our foundation IP is connected to physical device and physical phenomenon so that's what we protected so it's very strong well we've touched on how you can enhance protection for high-value assets like self-driving cars and critical systems obviously there's nothing higher more important than our healthcare systems but if somebody wants to get in touch with you to discuss other applications can they just reach out to you via your website francis or is there another way we have all information is available in our website you know and you know they can they can reach me very easily and I will always respond to them and of course you talked about a timeline which I consider for incredibly aggressive and exciting we by end of this year can you tell us what other shareholder updates we should be looking forward to in the first or second quarter here for 2024 yes we we actually right now we in discussions with you know potential partners you know and you know and hopefully you know we'll be able to announce at some point you know these collaborations you know and I think that could hopefully that will be pleasing the shareholders and on the future maybe investors in the company well as always francis thank you so much for the update it's very exciting and always reminds me of a good science fiction thriller when I get off any interview with you so we appreciate the update and for everybody out there looking for more information please go to the quantum emotion website listed below thank you my pleasure all right


Well, in our project, we're working with radio stations in four countries to reach small-scale farmers and help them with their food and income security. So far to date, we're halfway through, it's a five-year project. We've reached 2.5 million farmers and help them with crops in terms of production and post-harvest management and marketing on crops that are really important to them. Well, on the action line of media, there are a few things that we do to contribute to that action line. One is that we work with radio, which is considered a more traditional media, although we are bringing new ICTs to it to make the programs, radio programs, more interactive. We're working with using inter- or mobile phone polling where farmers can, for free, send a missed call to a radio station to vote and share their opinion. We also, there's a training component with radio broadcasters involved in our project, and in some cases, with online training, we have paired them up with very experienced radio broadcasters from around the world, including Canadian broadcasters with the CBC. We're thrilled. It's amazing to, well, I've got a big smile on my face still from yesterday, from getting the award, but it's wonderful to be recognized for the work that we've been doing, working with radio stations and working with small-scale farmers.


My name is Grace Lynch. My name is Mike. My name is Rebecca Farrar. In the next room where the vibrator play by Sarah Rule is a Pulitzer-nominated, Tony-nominated, gorgeous play about hysteria. Female hysteria was what they dubbed basically anything and everything that was wrong with women. There is a doctor who is using a vibrator to treat women of hysteria. Where they would be serviced by vibrators and have proxisms or orgasms as we call them now and suddenly we're magically better. I play Mrs. Daldry. Mrs. Daldry is one of the patients in the show. Society has led her to believe that she's very sick. I play Mr. Daldry. His first name is Dick, so that's kind of an indication of his personality. He pretty much knows what he wants and goes for it. He doesn't care too much about what other people think. I'm the director of In the Next Room, which directing a play pretty much entails conceiving of it from the ground up. I have to say I was blessed with the most brave group of actors possible. The woman who plays Mrs. Daldry, who has to go through, I think we blocked out six separate paroxisms. So they're they're very different. I know I said six and we refer to them by numbers, but each one of them is just a very different place in Mrs. Daldry's life and a very different experience. And just going through these, I guess I'm just trying to be the most authentic to Mrs. Daldry. This doesn't exist in the era of digital pornography, so there's no idea of what a woman should sound like when that happens to her. It's just a release emotionally, physically. That should be clear and nothing more. These women in this show in the 1880s have to go through this whole experience of realizing that there is a sexual element to being a woman and that that's not only okay, but actually better for them in the rest of their lives and their relationships with people in order to feel like a full-blown human being. Because they're not all, I mean I know we like, oh we say orgasm and we get all like scandalized and it's sexual, but in this show, in this setting it's not about that at all because that's just not something that was discussed or something that anybody knew anything about in words that they could talk with. The fact that women still aren't really given that option that that's still something that we have to fight for and find on our own and primarily have to find in a hidden way is just absurd in my opinion and this played as a beautiful job of literally snacking us in the face with that.


Welcome to the channel. This is reliable Rudy and today we're going to go over a simple discounted cash flow example We're going to stick with Apple because we've used Apple in the last couple of videos But first and foremost, I'm not a licensed financial advisor Everything in this video contains merely my opinion and is for entertainment purposes only so go in the Apple We're starting with revenue growth. How can I decipher? What type of revenue growth I want to project in Apple going into the next 10 years? So it's simple I go to Apple's revenue growth Now I'm looking at the years 2015 to 2020. I can see very consistent growth nothing out of the ordinary very consistent From 2020 through 2021 their revenue skyrocketed now you got to ask yourself What happened in the year 2021? They printed a lot of stimulus checks a lot of people had money to go buy stuff Apple Looking at this revenue growth on Apple It is very easy to see that Apple benefited greatly from stimulus checks and people having money to spend Is that going to be the case going forward my job when putting in these numbers is to be as conservative as possible So I'm actually going to go more so off of these from 2015 to 2019 2020 range where their profit margins are roughly are not profit margins their revenue growth is right in those Mid-single digits to maybe 10% Right around there this down here at the bottom shows the year over year growth So from 2016 to 2018 I can see they grow 3, 4, 7, 12, 12, 15, 17, 19 Okay, that's a very solid growth after that large after that solid growth right in here You can see it flattens out over the next couple years and then 2021 came along stimulus checks a lot of people had money boom Look at that growth is that growth sustainable? That's what you have to ask yourself So looking at this You know, I think it's possible that they are kind of plateaued for the next couple years going forward But this is a 10-year analysis. I have to try and decipher a ballpark average over the next 10 years What is Apple going to grow over the next 10 years? So looking at that I'm going to stay conservative in those a mid-single digits to double digits and we're gonna go Five seven point five and ten. I think this is reasonable for Apple. I think Apple has very large moat Do I think they've kind of plateaued on revenue for the short term? Yes, I do but I think that rev that Apple is gonna do a good job of Reaching out to their customers and growing their revenue over a 10-year analysis So next line that we're going to go over is profit margins. So on this micro trends, I would go to margins And now I can see that same 2015 the 2020 range now. I want to look at the net the net profit margins. I Can see they're consistently in these low 20s Consistently in these low 20s 21 2021 came along and Boom huge skyrocket and revenue now.  Everyone has Apple products And it's almost almost everyone has Apple products if they have money to spend Apple is going to benefit greatly from that now is this growth right here sustainable Has it leveled out? Are they going to consistently be at this 26? I don't know. My job is to be conservative I can see from the year 2013 To 2020 they're consistently in these low 20s So I'm going to be a little bit conservative and probably go to that 20 to mid 20s level Because I could see this kind of leveling out And then finding a ballpark average To consistently build off of So for this revenue growth, I'm going to use 20 22 24 now if I was actually being conservative I would probably use 21 and a half And 23 so we'll stick with that now free cash flow margins.  It sometimes it's tough a lot of times I just use the same margins that I use for profit margins But I can see that their operating margins are a little bit higher So I will be a little bit more generous on the free cash flow margin and we'll go 22 23.5 and 25 Now for pe I can go to price ratios Now I can see pe ratio over the course of this time now.  That is So for this pe metric, do I want to Especially with the year 2021 when there's stimulus checks and a lot of people have money to spend You can see each one of these charts represents that they benefited massively from that. Are they is this growth going to continue? pot I personally don't think so You know, I'm not an apple hater. I have nothing against apple My job is to take the same approach for every company that I'm evaluating So I'm going to use these mid teams Probably up to those those high 20s now another thing that you can do is you can adjust these price to earnings ratios And price of pre-casual ratios based on the revenue growth that you're projecting So for a 5% revenue growth You know, I'm okay paying a 14 pe for that growth now for seven and a half percent revenue growth I'm going to pay a little bit higher. So I'll pay a 16 Now for 10 revenue growth You know, I'm okay paying an 18 now. You could also say apple. They have a huge moat I I'm okay paying a higher pe if I'm buying apple. Okay. Now if that's the scenario and you have a personal Love with apple. I have nothing against that. You can maybe raise these margins up to 16 18 20 But I would not project anything higher than 20 Especially looking at that chart that I just looked at on microtrans Now we'll stick with this for the example and we'll go 16 18 and 20 Now desired annual return I want to get a 15 percent return with any individual company that I'm buying Because if I'm not getting that 15 percent return Then I'm simply going to buy vt and vx us Because I don't have to think twice about buying those those ETFs Browdy diversified index funds. So I need that extra incentive To go away from buying those ETFs to buy this individual company Now I hope that makes sense and if it doesn't make sense make sure you leave something in the comments But also having this desired return at 15 percent It actually adds a little bit more margin of safety into my calculation So we're going to hit analyze on this and you're going to see okay Here's my first ballpark range that I am going to be very interested in apple Second and third Yeah, I know I think it's possible that apple could potentially trade down here. I know that sounds crazy But you know, I've seen crazier things happen in my day and I haven't been an investor that long So what I do with this calculation. Let's say I want to know Exactly when apple hits 121 dollars and 89 cents. I could hit this add button Add it to watch list now. This is going to notify me exactly when this gets to this price range So let's say over the next couple months apple goes from 151 dollars and then it trades and then I get notified down here at 122 Okay, apple's hit my price target. What do I do? I go I dive deeper into the company I reevaluate the company and see if my projections have changed Maybe they've come on with an earnings report over this course of the time And something's changed in my valuation and who knows my valuation might even be higher. Who knows it might be lower I might I might put this At the watch list here at 90. So then I get notified when apple is at 90 So this is why I like this software. I can do an analysis on the company and just like that Apple is in it's going to notify me when the price hits 115 That I must have already had an analysis on apple. Yeah when apple hits 115 That is when I want to buy apple or look into apple more Now, I hope you guys like the video a little bit longer than my usual video But I think the example is a really good example and worth the time watching Thanks, and I'll see you on the next video


Thank you so much for joining the Private Property Farming podcast. My name is Mbali Nwokor and this evening we are speaking about the developments of a Cassie farmers market. We're speaking to a young entrepreneur, female entrepreneur in the agri industry. It is always fantastic to see more and more women playing a very, very crucial role in the agricultural value chain as well as the sector in a broader landscape. So we're going to get to understand what the Agricultural Institute does within the township economy, providing a farmers market in the Cassie economy as well. It sounds so cool and exciting. And if you have any questions for our guests this evening, please feel free to ask. And we obviously will engage and interact and ask the guests to obviously speak about whatever concerns or questions that you might have based on what she'll be saying this evening. But we are joined by Zama Kambu Memela who is the founding director of the Agricultural Institute. So she's going to tell us about what is it that her institute does within the township economy and their role in the agricultural sector. Zama, thank you so much for joining us. How are you doing? I'm very well in yourself Mbali. Good, good. Firstly, just by means of introduction, firstly, please could you introduce yourself and tell us about your organization. I must say you've got a quite an interesting name, the Agricultural Institute. So also how did you come about developing the institute or starting the institute and what type of work do you do within the agriculture sector? Okay, so I am Zama Kambu Memela, the founding director of the Agricultural Institute, so many titles, my word. The Agricultural Institute is a non-profit organization that is focused on promoting sustainable farming principles within basic education, as well as supporting agribusiness in rural and township communities. The name the Agricultural Institute came from the fact that I had a birding bush moment where I was giving the mandate that I needed to feed God's people. But at the time it was like, but how do I grow food? I'm a chef by profession and my background is in the food and beverage industry. So I'm like, I don't know anything about growing the food, I can cook it, I can eat it, I can serve it, I can sell it. But with the Agricultural Institute, I also knew and understood that I would have to create an institutional body of people that have the knowledge and skills that are required in order for us to support rural and township communities from the level of basic education to those that are actually starting or running their own farms. So we are a body of experts. We partner with a lot of NGOs or experts or people that have the knowledge that is needed, whether it's how do you farm, how do you provide access to markets, all of those things. We partner with people that already know how to do it and we bring it together, we collaborate and we provide the necessary skills and tools.  How do you bring all these different elements to the township community? I mean, was it something that you've just identified and thought, and thought, you know what, there's a need for something like this or did the people say, you know, we would like to see more services along these lines and however we just don't have that at the moment. So how did you come about getting to do the work that you do to the people that you are serving? Well, I don't think it's a secret that poverty is strife in South Africa and that there are poverty struggles and food security challenges when it comes to rural and township areas or previously marginalized and disadvantaged communities. And I think when we when we think about food insecurity, your mind might become dramatic and say there's no food at all, but it's also just about the being able to afford the food that is available on the market. So that also is an underlying factor when it would be considered food insecurity. So when we also look at that, we need to also understand that what is a way that we can cut costs when it comes to your household costs and is whatever you can do yourself, instead of you going out to buy it, you're cutting a huge amount of your monthly budget. And I think also when it was in 2018-2019 where basic education was like kids can now leave school in grade nine and they can go to either TVT colleges or go and look for a job or some form of gain some form of skills. I was like, okay, we need to give them a fighting chance. There are so many issues in the world that you deal with as an individual and then as a family and then as a community. So if we can help you as a child know how to put food on your table so that you can have the nutrition and the energy that will sustain you to fight all the other thousand battles you have to fight every single day, then we would have made a difference in a child or a few children's lives. And then when it comes to again, food insecurity, but looking at smallholder farmers in township and rural communities is that yes, they know how to go their own food, but now these are adults. And the cabbage is not going to put the lights on. The spinach is not going to keep the water flowing through your home. So you need to still be able to use the skill that you have in this fresh produce to bring in money that's going to help you take down all these other costs. So it was like, okay, what challenges are they facing? Now, a lot of them will say that we don't have access to markets. And it's like, okay, what are the different types of markets that are available to you? A lot of them are selling to their neighbors. A lot of them are selling to our hawkers that are on the streets around the taxi ranks, but they have a lot of land that they're not farming on because they fear that they won't have a big market, a commercial market that they can sell to. So we're saying if you have the platform to do what you already do best, let's try bridge the gap by trying to get you into those commercial markets, those big markets, whilst also teaching you the skills of how you can do it yourself because it's only sustainable if I'm teaching you how to do it yourself because I can't be there forever. So yeah. Yeah. So just based on the two different elements or the two different incumbents that you're providing this service to, firstly, I mean, you mentioned that there's people growing their own food, however, they don't have market in the rural and township areas. And then also there's young children who pretty much don't know where food comes from, who maybe think that food is grown and produced in a retail store. So firstly, going on to the young children, I mean, are you working with kindergartens, nurseries, schools, primary schools, preschools? And if so, what is it that you're doing? Are you going to the schools building up community gardens, trying to put in an agri or food security program in that? Just maybe take us down, give us a brief rundown of how do you work particularly with the young individuals or youth within the Agricultural Institute? Okay. So we have a program called Build an Eco-School. So for the Build an Eco-School program, we work with primary schools and high schools. And we've partnered with WESA that has a whole environmental program that we can use in the school that is capsulate. Basic education has environmental topics that teachers are required to teach students all the way from grade R through to metric. And we believe in a hands-on approach to learning. So with environmental studies and sustainability, there's a topic called health and well-being. Health and well-being covers agriculture as well as food and nutrition. So that's where we specialize. So WESA then provides us with the cap six education and re-identify schools that we can work with. Right now, we are working with, and this is like our flagship in our Price School. I'm so proud of them. It's a new primary school in Inanda. They are a primary school grade, arts grade seven, and we go in and reform an eco committee. The eco committee, we then do a school assessment and we decide what are the things, how can we establish a food garden in the school? Our community has food garden. It has two traditional gardens. It has a green wall using recycled plastic bottles. It's also going food in a retainable medicinal garden. So we establish the eco committee, the teachers and the students. And then we make agriculture go into the classroom and we teach them about the different components of agriculture. So we teach them about the soil and understanding the soil structures and how you can test your soil. We teach them about understanding what and how they can preserve it. These are the nutrient levels in food and how you can preserve those nutrients when you're actually cooking your food. Right now the school is at a point where we had planted frilly lettuce and they're at a point where they're ready to sell it. So now we're going into the entrepreneurship studies of that. Okay, now you have this commodity. How are you going to make sure that your books are in order from a business perspective? How are you going to package it and price it so that it's also good for your consumer? So that's the extent that we go with the school. We work with all the way from the principal through to the teachers, the students as well as the security guard because the eco committee has to have members of the school, teachers, students, as well as community members. Those are the people that are looking after your children. So if we're going to say that we're wanting to teach and impact the community through the kids and the schools, then we have to touch base on all these different levels. Oh wow, fantastic. And with the on the other approach that you're working with, with the individuals that already started farming or already growing fresh produce of food in their gardens or small plots of land, how do you then bring them to the markets? Are you just facilitating the markets? Basically, are you going out to the townships and maybe marketing their fresh produce to the different workers, to the local franchise owned retailers, you know, any catering companies, etc.  Therefore, maybe discuss how you could work together and then you leave it from there. Or do you facilitate those arrangements and agreements and make sure that, you know, that the farmer or the individual producing and growing food in their own home or garden is well taken care of, even where markets are concerned. Okay, so when we first started Mali, we started during the lockdown, the first lockdown, we've had so many. We the first one in 2020. And our primary role was to first market these farmers. Let we would we identified farmers, and then we went to retail brands and we were like, we have this handful of local farmers. This is what they are producing. Can they please supply you. And and our the foundational concept was that we will pool the the the commodities that are produced by this farmers in order to meet the bulk audit demands of the retail brand. So we did that and we realized that there are some issues on the farm that we need to deal with before we can go to the retail brand and say the farmers have this can you buy it. I'll give you one example we had, we had 1000 cabbages that we had to deliver on the Wednesday. And so we had about four farmers that were giving us some cabbages in order to meet this bulk audit demand. And the one farmer said he had 200 cabbages. And we're therefore collection, he's only harvested 100 of those cabbages. And he's nowhere to be found. We finally track him down. And he has the other 100 50 are good to go. Like he just has to harvest them. The other 50 have a paste infection on that they have a form of infection on them. And it's like, but why was this not communicated to us when you said that you have these amount of cabbages. So and when we did go to do the farm verification or the crop verification, he showed us the good cabbages. So it's like, okay, there's something that's happening from a skills point that needs to be addressed as well. And also what we need is that, which is one of the things that the retail brands have mentioned that when it comes to local farms or smallholder farmers in the community, quantity is a question. Are they actually going to deliver on time and deliver the quantity that they said that they're going to deliver. So at the time, we had the retail brands dealing with the individual farmers and we just represented them. But now we realize that we actually, they only want to be dealing with one person. So we had to now just take a pause and decide to put in systems that help us ensure that the farmer is doing things at the right way. And we're working with them each step of the way so that we can actually deliver to the retail brand what we have promised, but at the same time also be taking care of all of the farmers. So now we've adopted an approach of yes, we do facilitate the purchase and the servicing, but we also need to have a program where from you as a farmer, from the point where you are actually planting your seeds or your seedlings, what is, have you tested your soil? What inputs are you using in your garden so that that will help us also determine what we're going to get when it comes to harvest season? And what rate are you working at? If you are saying that you have planted 10,000 spinach seedlings, how long is it taking you to plant that? And so that we can also, it just helps us know, give accurate quantity and quality forecasts. And then it also allows the, so we have part of the program is that retail brands do need to have a take off agreement with us as gas farmers market, because we need to know that if the farmer is going to be planting 10,000 spinach seedlings, we have to know where it's going to go. Because part of why local smallholder farmers don't plant all of the farming land that they have is because they don't believe that they'll have someone to buy it at the end. So that's the way that we're working with it right now. Also another aspect of it is we keep track of the financial inputs that the farmer has to take their expenditure. Because with these local farmers, a retail brand will say, why should I buy your cabbage at $15 a head when I can get it at the market for $10 a head during the season? But if you as a retail brand are saying that you want to support the local farming economy community, we need to be able to also work with the farmer to try and help them keep the input costs down where possible. And if it isn't, we need to be able to validate that I can't sell it to you retail brand at this price, because this is what the farmer is. This is how much it costs them to produce it. So you have to meet us some way in the middle. I think sometimes there are place things that are in disguise. So what case it in faced recently with the how thing as well, but with the protests and the riots, some of the farmers were saying that they wish they were given a sign a season before that this was going to happen, because they found them benefiting from unfortunately a lot of the stores had to close markets had to close for a safety perspective. A lot of the roads were blocked, but people in their community were not going out of the community to get French produce. They were buying it from them. And they sold out. And unfortunately, what they couldn't sell was what was in the ground, but that was only going to be ready for harvest in September. So that's why they say they wish they had a set. Now, imagine if we had a whole lot more people buying from the community farmers that are in their area and having supermarkets actually buying fresh produce from the farmers in their area. A lot of the supermarkets were then facing a food insecurity, because they couldn't get produce in from other provinces or from surrounding towns, because the roads are blocked. And in the whole time making, but there are so many farmers in your area. Why weren't you buying something in the first place? So those are the type of things that we really, I think this experience was a bit of an eye opener in that aspect that when we say we buy local and you're supporting local, are you really doing it if you're still getting your goods coming in 500 kilometers away from where your store is? Wow. And what have been some of the successful milestones that you've achieved since you started the Agricultural Institute? Some of the successful milestones have been that we were able to get five small-holder farmers into two supermarkets in well-known brands in Waimashu Township, which I think was really something amazing and that happened in our first year, because that's something that they dreamed about, but they never really saw it possible. And that's simply because of language barriers. If they had a seat at the table, could they really negotiate their way through it? So us coming in really gave them that opportunity to have those dreams realized. And also with our Build and EcoSchool program that we run at schools, we are with the schools that we are running the program in, it is fully funded. And I think that is something that really made us feel good because it's like what we are offering, someone actually believes that it's worth it. We're not just building clouds and castles in the sky, you know? And I think once someone can, if you put any business, if you put it on the table, if you put your concept on the table and someone says that I will back you with money for that, you really kind of know that you're on the right track, whether it's for good or for this season, either way, you're on the right track. So that's one of the things that we are really excited about and proud of that we've been able to achieve. Wow. And similarly as well, you know, like you said, there's been a lot of looting in the past couple of few weeks ago. And you've mentioned some of, you know, how the farmers that you're supporting were able to, you know, maneuver in some ways to find additional alternative markets. What has been the big learning curve, especially the fact that, you know, these lootings and violence took place in townships? What have been some of the learning curves specifically around food security?  So with the people that you're working with, the incumbents that you've supported, like these small scale farmers, like the children in the primary schools and high schools as well, you know, has it really brought into perspective really on the ground and what you're doing 100% in the sense that now do they really understand the link between all the importance of why it is to grow your own food and how food operates along the value change? Do they have an understanding now of how food systems work? Yes, they definitely do. One of the learning curves from a school's perspective is a lot of the schools in township communities have they have the national food feeding scheme program running there and all of the people that are commissioned to actually run and supply those feeding schemes are getting their goods from the fish produce market. So to have fish produce grown on the school grounds for two reasons. Should we have a crisis like the one that we just came from? We know that and say it happened while schools are open. We know that those families, those kids and the families can still get food because there's food that is grown on the school grounds. And secondly, it's a way for schools to generate money because they need a lot of the schools are either fully public or they are part private, part public, but there is a certain extent where you need to be raising money and creating that pool for yourself as a school. So there's that aspect of it, which is had had the school had the produce been ready for harvest. It would have been a great opportunity for them to also make money from that. From a farmer perspective in these communities, I think it really taught them even from the lockdown when it started last year is that you need to have a diverse portfolio. If you aren't selling to your neighbors or the people hawkers that are selling fresh produce because they weren't able to put up their stores during the lockdown, you need to have different amenities that you're selling your fresh produce to so that you have a buffer during a crisis. And also, I think she just not operate out of fear. We're living in times where you literally have no idea what you're going to wake up to the next day.  That's also a form of money generating money for you and your farm. There's so many options for them. So I think it's really taught them how to think out of the box. And another sad but revelation that I think it was for us as well as the farmers is we were renting a pack house facility on a farm in Inanda that had this. They were gifted it by the government many years ago and they never used it. So we used it for Garcia Farmers Market when we started out. And in March this year, we went back to them to go and negotiate the renewing of our lease to use this pack house facility. So I'm going, the lease is drawn up and ready. We're just going to go sign because we're continuing with business and the co-opposite hold up. So we can't renew your lease. I'm like, okay, why? And they're like, because you've opened our eyes and we want to do exactly what you've been doing for ourselves. And I was like, okay, talk about the rug being pulled right up under your feet. But I was like, you know what? Also, that means we've also served our purpose here. We've taught them something. We've opened their eyes and they feel that they are strong enough and have the capacity to do it themselves without us. Then that means it's time for us to move on because as an organization, we have a pool of objectives and that means we've fulfilled it within that community with those farmers. So it was okay for us to move on. So we keep learning and you keep staying prepared for whatever may come each day. Yeah, wow, that's fantastic.  But how do you address the problem or the challenge to those individuals who, yes, I've got five acres, but I'm only producing on one because I don't have the financial capacity to expand to five acres. How do you then solve that problem and that challenge? Similarly, with the schools that you're working with, where principals are like, we're buying into this idea and we want to start an initiative like this in our school. However, how do you deal with the teachers saying we don't have a budget to maybe build a title to put in some irrigation to physically and practically teach and show children how food is made and how it's grown and where it comes from? So how do you deal with the problem around raising capital, financing or funding, whichever term you prefer? You know, it doesn't matter how much money you have in your bank account. If you don't have the right attitude towards money, you're as good as someone who has no money in your bank account because if you have 500 grand and you don't know how you can maximize this 500 grand, you might as well not have anything. If you have a farm, you have five hectares, you're only planting on two hectares. So that means you have three hectares to spare. Why don't you put out an advert? And in the township areas and in rural areas, an advert's word of mouth, let them know that you have a piece of land that you're willing for another person to use for so much a month or for so much a season. And you know that whatever they pay per season, because obviously they're also going to be making money based on what they sell, you know that that is going towards the pocket that you're creating so that you can eventually use that whole piece of land yourself. When it comes to schools and they say we would love to have this, but we don't have the funds to establish a whole tunnel and irrigation system. I'm like, okay, so what do you have the funds to do? Do you have states? Do you have folks? Do you have a tap? Do you have a hose pipe? Okay, so let's start with that. Start where you are because whatever you have at that time is going to help you work towards what you need to build your vision, whatever this that you envision your piece of land looking like. I think we live in a time where there's so much, there's open floodgates to information and to what people are doing and through social media and through the internet. And what is sad is that everyone is showing the finished products. They're showing the end goal and they're not showing that what happened every single day in order for you to get there. And I'm not saying show us the struggle, but I'm saying show us that it's possible for me to start where I am because even now when people have this vision of I want to have a commercial farm or when I have a tentative farm and this is what I want to grow, those people didn't just wake up and it was there. They started somewhere and we're also at a time where it's very risky for banks or any financial institution to just give out money to anyone that doesn't have the backing to say that I can really produce what I'm saying I will produce at time XYZ. It's very difficult so you might not get the financial backing, but you need to be able to be resourceful. Look at what's in your yard, what's in your kitchen and cook up something and then you will eventually get to where you need to be. And another thing is that don't think that you're going to do it by yourself. You need to understand that you have to speak up. You need to find people that are in the space that you're wanting to do things in and teach them and tell them what you want. Not everyone is out to steal your idea really. Tell them what it is that you're wanting to do so that they can give you ideas. They can suggest things. They might even help you, but you have to speak up. Speak up, start where you are. Shoot for the stars. Thank you for that. My last question is firstly, I just want to find out so how many township farmers or rural farmers are you currently supporting since you started the business? How has it grown in terms of your reach and your impact? Okay, so right now we are currently working with nine farmers within the Pink District, which is Phoenix, Inna and Adruzoma and Wama Ashu. And we are currently working them through the program of understanding what farming methods do they choose to use on the farm and trying to get them to a consistent level so that we can give them access to market. We are also working with a retail brand. Well, we're in talks with a retail brand that is actually wanting to adopt the Gassi Farmers Market program as part of their business model. Also that coming from what they experienced with the protests and the looting and understanding that if you're staying here by local, what does that really mean for you as a business? Is your local 500,000 kilometers away or is it 20, 30 kilometers away from your retail store? And we're also in talks with a farm that is within the Herigwala District that they have recently bought within the last decade, but they realize that the people that they are working on their farm are actually third-generation workers on that very same farm. But with all the farm owners that have been there, no one has thought to actually build their capacity for them to run their own small farms because in the rural areas a lot of people have land. You have your family land, but now they haven't, there's that employee mentality and they haven't capacitated and you can also be an employer and you can also run your own farm. So they're wanting to adopt the Gassi Farmers Market program within their business model so that they can increase their capacity because they as a farm already have access to markets, but they're using the farmers to increase their capacity and also empower them as well. So that's where we're at. Wow, this sounds so amazing and just knowing and learning that you are a chef by profession and you just have an interest in food and you're doing so much work on the ground where Agri is concerned assisting farmers, helping them find markets, it really goes to shows I mean that I think it's all about attitude really. You don't have to be a farmer, you know an agronomist for example to help farmers you know achieve their dreams and grow their businesses, but it's about seeing certain opportunities, identifying who needs help, connecting you know businesses and individuals together and just creating an ecosystem and community where we can all thrive from at the end of the day. So I just want to congratulate you for the phenomenal work that you're doing at the AgriCal Institute and you are all the best with your future endeavors and thank you so much for coming on to the show this evening. Thank you so much for having me Bali, thank you so much. It's a pleasure. I was just speaking to Uzama and she's the founder of the AgriCal Institute. If you missed our conversation you can catch the live podcast on our YouTube channel under the private property farming podcast playlist. She spoke about everything to do with gassy townships where agriculture is concerned, where farming is concerned, where food systems are concerned and she really broke down her business in terms of how she works with primary schools or the education sector in primary or high schools teaching children about food systems where food comes from, trying to put that into the curriculum so that they understand the value of food and the agricultural value chain in our nutshell and then as well she spoke about the work that she does in various regions assisting farmers whether they are farming in the township areas or in rural areas connecting them and linking them with different markets making them understand that what they're doing is essentially running a business and how can they turn this passion or the love of producing their own food into an actual business where they can generate income you know by electricity for the household by water or just support the family household in whichever way financially but coming from producing food or having sales from your crops and so yeah I think she's doing amazing work if you want to partner with her please you know you can reach out to her directly and obviously see how both your businesses or your service offerings can create synergies and collaborations specifically on the work that she's doing in and around townships and rural areas. Thank you so much for watching and supporting the performing podcast episode this evening and I will catch you next week Tuesday at eight o'clock that's it for me tonight have a good Friday and a fantastic weekend ahead take care


What we have here is representative of what you'd find in a the floor of a native forest ignition But it's also not that much different from what you would find in a garden bed around somebody's house A lot of the work that we've done in the past has been on large scar fires in the open but we can't get detailed measurements of the heat fluxes and Physical processes that are involved in the propagation of a bushfire So we come to the pyrotron where we can control all those variables and Pull apart the important bits that are actually controlling the spread of fire through bushfire fuels All right So we've got flames that are now up the full length of the bark and a couple of embers coming off The flame temperature is going to be in the order of about 900 to 1100 Celsius And as we get a gust of wind come through we can see that there's more and more embers being shed off the slab of bark We've had an ember land. It's ignored a few leaves in front of a large bushfire You'll probably find that you don't just get one ember but lots of embers landing and depending on how close they are They're actually spreading faster than what you would get if there was just one spot fire by itself If any of those are starting spot fires then it'd be far too many for you to actually be able to control safely So if you've got spot fires landing you need to take cover There's no questioning the facts learn more at emergency.vic.gov.au Authorized by the Victorian government Melbourne