Great. So my name is Will Ingle and I'm a strategist for open education initiatives with UBC Center for Teaching Learning and Technology, or CTLT. And I'm joined today by many amazing colleagues who help support open scholarship at UBC and who developed and organized this program. And we're just going to take a moment to introduce ourselves. So I'll ask Christina to go ahead and do a brief introduction. Great. Thanks, Will. I'm Christina Hendricks. I teach in the philosophy department at UBC Vancouver. And I'm also the academic director of the Center for Teaching Learning and Technology. And I helped to work on this program last year and to put it together. And I'm excited to see it happening again. Thanks. Shall I pass it on to somebody else? Yeah, we're just going to do alphabetical. So, Erin, do you want to? Hello, everybody, and welcome. My name is Erin Fields and I am with UBC Library of the Vancouver campus. I am the open education and scholarly communications librarian. And I'm very happy to be doing this once again and seeing so many folks here. So I'll pass it on to Lucas. Thanks for the pass. I don't think the alphabetical order was going to work for my morning brain. My name is Lucas Wright. I'm an educational consultant at the CTLT. And I've had an interest and open as an area that I've worked in for a while now, including a second minute BC campus a couple years back. And I had the opportunity to work on this program for a couple of years and facilitate it last year. I think it's Rie now. Hi, everyone. My name is Rie and I'm one of the facilitator as well. I'm an educational resource developer from Centre for Teaching Learning Technology, and I'm really excited to be part of this program again. So I'm just going to pass it on to Steph. Hi, everyone. My name is Stephanie Savage. I am a librarian at UBC Library and I specialize in copyright and scholarly communications. So publishing open access and I helped create the open access unit for this course and I will be helping along with Erin to manage the discussions for the open access unit and it's really nice to meet you all. Thank you. I'm just going to take a minute to get back into the slides. Before we get started, we would like to acknowledge that UBC, which is hosting this program, is located on the traditional ancestral and unceded territories of the Musqueam people. As we're working virtually today, I'd like to acknowledge that here in the lower mainland, the lower BC mainland, we're often on the unceded territories of many different Coast Salish people. And outside of this area, we may also be on the traditional lands of other and many different indigenous peoples. If you haven't explored it already, I do recommend the Native Land Resource, which can help you discover the indigenous territories on what you reside. And when I acknowledge being on the territory of the Musqueam people, it's rooted in the understanding that I as a resident of Vancouver and a member of UBC, I'm privileged to be living and working on territory that is not my own. Furthermore, as POSE is focused on open scholarship and as somebody who specifically works in open education, the topic of open scholarship can often be in tension with or is often grounded in Western notions of copyright law and ownership and that these ideas can be in tension with indigenous and traditional ways of knowing. And we're not going to be exploring these tensions specifically in the kickoff session today, but we will touch it on it throughout POSE. And we're excited that Kayla Larson, the indigenous programs and services librarian at the WeWAH Library at UBC, will be hosting a POSE open session on the six yards of indigenous OER, reimagining open educational resources to honor indigenous knowledge and sovereignty. And this session will take place during the open education unit on March 10. So to help us get started, I'd like to introduce Dr. Susan Parker, the University of Library of UBC. Thank you, Will, and it's great to see everybody here. As Will noted, I'm Susan Parker. I'm the University of Library at UBC, and I'm joining today from the Point Break campus on the traditional one seated in the territory of the Muslim people. There are very important points raised there about indigenous information sovereignty. POSE, which is an awesome program, is definitely intended for those who have an interest in fostering and sharing research and practices related to open research, open access, open data, and open education and scholarship. By completing this program, you will have tools and strategies to become proficient in supporting and advocating for open practices. I wanted to also acknowledge that this program is a unique collaboration between the library, CTLT, and this UBC Open Working Group. These practices in open scholarship are intersecting, but they also underpin knowledge sharing and creation. And the concept of open supports free access to research outputs and empowers communities and users through engagement and education. And this helps to increase the credibility and reproducibility of research. By breaking apart the barriers that have locked up scholarship and educational resources behind paywalls and other barriers open as a starting point, transcends traditional practices and welcomes, collaboration, participation, and dissemination of information. As you know, libraries are strong advocates of open resources and we support our users by helping to identify open scholarship. We also offer support by making spaces where people can learn how to create and share open scholarship. Libraries and librarians are strong advocates for the creation and preservation of open scholarship of all kinds and we hope to create more advocates and allies through programs like POS. That's why the POS program is such a great fit for the library sponsorship and the colleagues you will meet through this program are knowledgeable and supportive guides and instructors. So welcome to POS, welcome to your first day, and I hope you enjoy this learning experience. Thank you. Thank you. I'm just going to get back into the slides just briefly. So as Dr. Parker mentioned, POS is organized very collaboratively and we do have support coming from the UBC CTLT, the UBC Library, both on the Vancouver and Okanagan campuses, as well as the UBC Library Research Commons and the Center for Scholarly Communications and the Open UBC Working Group. Today, at today's sessions, we're going to highlight the program structures and do a course overview. And then we'll briefly explore what is open scholarship and look at some of the areas on which we'll be focusing, mainly open access, open research and open education. And today we also hope to provide an opportunity for you to meet your fellow participants a bit. And speaking of meeting the cohort, I'm going to turn it over to Rie to help facilitate that. Rie, thank you. So we would like to get started with a couple of activities to get to know more about each other in this room. So in this X-ray TV, we use a padlet map to see where we are all located. So let me post a link on the Zoom chat right here. So if you're approaching to the padlet screen in the map here, put your approximate location or the institution or the place that you are located that using that pink icon right here. And the contribution will be anonymous, but please don't put exact address, approximate location like UBC or Vancouver or Toronto will be great. So I'll give one minute for this FT. And I see people are starting to put the approximate location in the map. And I see, whoa, it's all over the place. Many are coming from Vancouver, Calgary, Winnipeg, Toronto, Ottawa. Well, so like many people are taking this post course. Okay, so just in this activity for now, but we can see that it's coming from everyone is coming from everywhere around in Jakarta. So we can see a lot of people coming from Vancouver, like also like Calgary or like Winnipeg and Toronto and Ottawa, like everyone's coming from everywhere in Canada. And that's really great to see. So next now we'll move on to the next poll activity to see everyone's ad and what are everyone's interest with it. So I'm just going to launch the poll right now. And I see almost everyone have answered the poll. So I'm just going to end the poll now. And looking at the result, we have a variety of people coming from the institutes general like we have people coming from the library faculty and like many are coming from the faculty and a lot of stuff are taking and I also see undergraduate students and graduate students are taking the course and also like people coming from different role as well. And also for the second question where like what are the open scholarship, what are the open scholarship are you most interested in. I think many are interested in open education. But what I find very interesting is like all of the open so everyone is interested in like open education research access data. And like there are also some people who are exploring like different aspects of open scholarship. And anyone thinks we're taking the poll. I'm just going to pass it on to Lucas. Thanks, thanks for it's exciting to see such a variety of different people taking this course. So pose is a fairly complex course meaning there's a fair number of moving parts.  So walking you through both the WordPress platform, as well as the canvas platform for pose. I will mention that there's also a walkthrough video we've included in pose so you can refer to that as well. So, just let me pop open the pose course now and one of the first things that you probably started on in pose is the pose WordPress course and we've used the WordPress space to house all of the post contents and many of the interactions. So just to kind of orient you to this a little bit. First of all, you probably notice now that on the homepage. This is where you can find all of the general information about pose. So, a moment, if you scroll down here you'll see that we put accordions where you can find about a program format etc. So if you're ever stopped about dates format etc. return to this page on the top bar you'll see there's a getting started unit this is the open scholarship unit. And this will be the first unit that you go through it's just kind of an introduction. That's where you'll find the walkthrough video through pose. Each of the other units open access open research will be opening each month open access unit is open now. And for the for each of the modules you'll see that there are multiple units within it so three units per module. You can move through them by clicking on the unit and clicking on the next page and what you'll find in these units is you'll find content. You'll find that we've developed scenarios. We've also embedded some h5p interactives within the unit to give you some practice scrolling down a little bit. So here's the different units and then at the very end of the unit you'll find that we have some shared activities. So for each of the units we have an activity bank. If you've used activity banks before these are inspired by Agora and DS 106 and the activity bank is a space that you can go to I'm just going to go there now. And you'll see for each of the different units, we've created activities that you can select from and complete. So here's an example of an activity. You can read about the activity and we'll get you to share just below it and you'll see the shares from the previous group going back to the open access unit now a moment here. Just again so we have the activity bank. We also have a discussion for each month and the discussion description is on WordPress however when you click on it I'm not going to now what this is going to do is open canvas up so that you can participate. Within the discussion. Finally, each unit has a shared reflection as well as a unit completion. So once again this will open up canvas and you can acknowledge your completion. Last thing to mention here is that each of the unit is going to be opening on the month will also be sharing program updates through this link. So that is the WordPress space now the other space we're using for pose is a canvas space and the main goal of the canvas space is to track your progress help you track your progress as well as we're doing discussions on there. So I'm just going to open the canvas space now by going to the open access discussion we've hard linked to all of the different canvas components in. So if I click on discussion. This is going to open the canvas course I could participate in the discussion now, but just to give you an idea of what to look for in this course. So again canvas is going to be primarily used for tracking. We're also going to be sending announcements through canvas. So these will be done monthly they'll provide updates of the course. You'll be participating in monthly discussions within canvas. We've also included a general discussion area and administrative discussion area. So if you get stuck in the course if you have a question feel free share them up here. We check these quite regularly. Finally to mention in the course you'll find your grades. We've set up tracking for all of the different assignments in the course this allows us to track your course progress, as well as for you to track your course progress. So if you want to return to the post word press site, you can just click here, a reminder. All of this is open and reusable after I'm going to stop sharing now, and turn it over to the next person. I have a just let me grab one question from Helen. Is it possible to download the units as a PDF after the course is over or will the site remain up and accessible Helen where we will have a export using the word press export so all of the contents is exportable you could even pull it into press books or something if you wanted to PDF it from there. And we'll also have this open and accessible. All right, Christina. Great. Thanks. I see there's some questions about logging into canvas, and I believe re has posted the self enroll link. So I think if you have other questions, we can connect about that later. Great. So, as I mentioned earlier, I'm Christina Hendricks. I'm the academic director at Center for Teaching, Learning and Technology and have been thinking and working in in open, particularly open education for quite some time now, and worked with a number of folks here on the open education unit. But today I'm going to be talking about just generally around open scholarship and some of this is on the getting started page or excuse me module of the post course, and some of it is is additional to that so open scholarship is is kind of a broad term that's meant to include these areas that we've been talking about open education, open access, open research, open data, open science, there's there's quite a few opens that are connected to scholarship and that's that's broadly what the word is is an umbrella for, but we can dig into it a little bit more. And I often try to think about what does open that like the word mean. And it can mean quite a lot of things right if you think about an open door or open for business or open mind or like there's lots of things that open can mean. And these particular discussions that we're doing here. It often means free of cost. And that's the image on the left on the left that there's an image of a bunch of books and assign this as Libros Libres Libres sorry my Spanish is terrible, which means free books. And quite often when we talk about open in in these contexts we're thinking about things that don't cost money though. That's usually don't cost money to the end user certainly costs money to create and sometimes cost money to you know make available as well. So that's one meaning of open. And on the right I have a picture of people sitting in a museum and looking at at paintings on the wall and, and a colleague of mine once told me about like, you could think of open like happens in a museum, which is, you can access the materials and sometimes you can do it for free and sometimes you have to pay. You can't really do any adjustments to them, which makes sense for art right you don't want people to go in and deface the art or change the art necessarily. Although sometimes artists don't mind that. And sometimes it makes sense for for research to write that if you publish a paper, you don't necessarily want people to go in and change it and indicate that you agree with those changes. So, sometimes just being available to access without changing makes sense. But there are also other meanings of open that do involve revision and change. So here's, here's several like there's probably many other things you can think about but here are some of the ways I think about openness in terms of these these areas that poses talking about open scholarship. So free of cost to the end user. If they have an internet access. So that's also not necessarily fully free or a low cost for a print version. Open license. So you'll hear more about this early on in the course, we often talk about creative commons open licenses which allow other people to reuse, depending on what kind of license you've chosen to revise. To use for commercial purposes or not. So you'll learn all about that in in the course and the purpose of these licenses so that you don't have to ask permission. The permission is already granted to do these things. So you can think of open also in a technical sense. We'll talk about this in in part in the open research where talking about open source software to use for open research. And so open formats to your your software, the technical skills that might be needed to use or adapt the work that the more difficult it is to to adapt or use sort of you could think of as that as less open. Sometimes we think of openness as transparency so sharing the research data sharing methods, or even sharing with students what data are collected about them and how that is used so being open in terms of what we're actually doing. Sometimes we think of openness in terms of inclusivity so various voices topics perspectives methods, but also accessibility so is the resource accessible for people with disabilities. You might think about universal design for learning in this context as well. And then finally on the slide I have social in the sense of social meaning of open meaning that you're opening the work to collaboration from others so more people involved, or involving community participation in your work. So this is just to say like there can be a lot of ways of thinking about openness, and you'll see a lot of these come up throughout the course. The overview of open scholarship that we have on the getting started module is this and I've highlighted a few words around some of the values underlying it so why do open scholarship not just what it is but why we might do it. So thinking about democracy, equality and social justice by opening up access, but also opening up in terms of who can contribute to knowledge and having different kinds of knowledge and different approaches to knowledge be part of the sort of scholarship of the globe. And here we've got knowledge creation dissemination should be understood as social practices as I was mentioning before with multiple people contributing. Focusing on connection and community and inclusion social impact and participation so it's not just about creating knowledge but also thinking about what impact that knowledge might have for others. And then finally, the other thing we have on the pose getting started website is a set of values of open scholarship and I won't read through all of these, but you can see that some of them are about improving knowledge. So we've got speed and efficiency and sharing research findings which can help to improve scholarship or openly sharing the results of research to enhance reproducibility and credibility in the results. And others are more kind of values focus perhaps so social justice commitment to reduce access barriers to information and engaging the users of knowledge in the process of knowledge production so that we're we're sort of reducing hierarchies so that it isn't just one group of people who produce the knowledge and other people learn or access it but that there's more participation across multiple folks. So I think, I mean I've opened up a lot of questions and a lot of topics rather than closing them off which I suppose is typical of openness, but just to give you an overview of some of the themes that you'll see throughout the various modules in the course. Thank you very much. I'm not sure who is going next. Thank you Christina for providing that that overview of open scholarship. We're going to now look at some of the specific areas in which we'll focus on and pose and the upcoming units and stuff I'll turn it over to you. Thanks well. So I'm going to give you an overview of the open access unit, which is the first unit and pose. At the highest level this unit is meant to introduce participants to some of the broader ideas and complexities at work within open scholarship, along with the basic mechanics of how open access operates within the larger publishing ecosystem. Over the course of this unit participants will have an opportunity to examine the current economics of publishing and the impact that the commercialization of publishing has had on academia, libraries and systems of global research dissemination. You'll have a chance to better understand author rights and intellectual property, particularly in relation to publisher agreements and negotiations. And finally the unit will provide an overview of the development of open access and prevalent models of open access, including the challenges and opportunities that they afford. Here you can see the three modules that make up the open access unit as well as the topics for each page within those modules. I won't go over the individual modules and too much detail as the content should speak for itself once you get into the unit, but I'll briefly touch on the thinking behind the three modules that make up the unit. When we were designing the content that will go into the open access unit. We're going to strike a balance between providing practical information sort of the how to have open access and introducing participants to the challenges and complexities inherent in a deeper understanding of open access. Each module in the unit contains both this more practical knowledge along with some of the opportunities for deeper engagement in the content. Once you move through the content in the way unit, you will notice that there are many opportunities to dig deeper into the topics presented. So while some of the other units impose also presented opportunities there are many more in the way unit, and this is a reflection of the fact that the way unit is perhaps more ideas based or ideas focus and the other units which are more grounded in practice. As pose on the whole was conceived of only as an introduction to open scholarship and not a comprehensive overview the dig deeper readings provide participants with an opportunity to engage in the ideas being presented in a more meaningful way. So none of the dig deeper content is required reading, but I strongly encourage you to do some of the additional reading, especially if you are already familiar with the basics of open access. This dig deeper content is where you will be able to go beyond the introduction introductory content and into the more nuanced aspects of open access. And one thing I'll add here to is that last time we ran pose, we had some feedback that maybe there was more reading than people expected, or more work and we have cut back overall in that but maybe part of the reason is because people were trying to do all of the dig deeper readings. So I encourage you to do what interests you to investigate what interests you but to know that you don't need to do these dig deeper readings in order to have information. You need to do the, the other parts of the course including the activities for example. Finally, I just want to spend a moment on what we're referring to as sort of the big ideas. As I mentioned earlier, the big ideas are presented in the way unit. These three big ideas are each taken from one of the three own modules and represent the larger questions we hope to address throughout the module content. The big ideas are structured as open ended questions and leave room for each of you to come to your own conclusions, which we encourage you to explore through your engagement with the module content, but also through the activities discussions and reflections that we've discussed. So a lot of the way content is open ended. And there's no sort of easy answers to a lot of the complexities we raise and we hope we hope that through the course you'll engage with this and it'll be productive for you. So I will pass it over now to Erin, I think. So this next unit that will be open in February will be open research and open research is covering three areas, open workflows, open software, open data. So in this unit, we chose to really focus on these core areas of the research ecosystem. And we're going to touch on transparency, reproducibility, open scholarship and open data. And similar to what Stephanie was talking about in terms of those big ideas, really what we're trying to approach here is not, there's a lot of intricacies that are involved in open research that we're not going to be able to get into. We're really introducing people to these core concepts and these big ideas of how can increasing transparency of research and project processes like methodology or workflow really improve research and help to advance knowledge. How can collaborative methods increase efficiency and also widen participation in research and also thinking beyond like the cloud just putting your information out there into the world and really thinking about making data open. So in terms of the actual units, we start off with open workflows and really what we mean by open workflows is the steps we take to complete a task. And at its simplest open workflow is when each of the steps of the research process is openly shared through peer documentation, which makes the research project more transparent, but also reproducible and reproducibility is going to come up often throughout this through open research. So you'll understand the clear understanding of what reproducibility means in the context of openness. So we're talking about clear documentation, which includes best practices around filed naming conventions or project metadata so information about your project or file formats. In this section you're really going to learn to articulate what an open workflow might mean in different disciplines because it does differ from sciences to say the arts, but we will also discuss the concepts of reproducibility and replica replicability which are different, and how they differ and appear in those different disciplines. So we're going to talk about open software. The unit on open software is really going to discuss considerations and pitfalls when you consider working with particular software and particular code. Now you don't have to know code in order to understand open software, and you don't even have to know all of the open softwares that we're mentioning, although we do describe quite a few and what they sort of do. Open source software is really what we're talking about is how can support your work in being more sustainable by removing sort of that black box aspects that are inherent in proprietary software and lowering the barriers to reuse and reproduction. So when you use a software that is proprietary that people have to pay money for, we're automatically closing off a portion of our research because somebody can't download the program freely and use the material that you've created. So this unit really is covering core concepts around creating open code that is meaningful, shareable and reusable, and also why it's beneficial to do that. And finally, we're going to talk about open data and data is the fundamental part of modern research workflows across disciplines. So open data, we're not necessarily just talking about, you know, the crunchy numbers, we're talking about any data outputs that have been created during the process of doing research. And as academic work increasingly, we're making use of digital tools and methods, and this module is really covering the basic ideas of how to keep in mind to create, curate and preserve sustainable data outputs and how this can support your work within a project but also how others can build upon that content and build upon that work, thus making research much more open and has more legs in terms of being able to be used out in the world. So you will be learning about different types of principles around open data, we will talk about fair principles, and we'll also go through the structural processes of ensuring that your data is open, and the benefits of making your data open. So now I'm going to pass it on to Lucas who will talk about open education. Wonderful. Thank you. So open education, we put this unit last partially because we assume that you will have explored this area the most in your open work. So the open education unit is divided into three modules, Creative Commons, Open Educational Resources OER and Open Pedagogy. So for the Creative Commons, for the Creative Commons module, open education is often grounded in the application of Creative Commons licenses and teaching and learning materials. Creative Commons licenses, as Christina mentioned are open copyright licenses that give permission for others to reuse the work under specific conditions. So we'll start off the module with an in-depth exploration of Creative Commons and how they relate to copyright. So a couple of the goals for you or areas that we'll touch on within this section. You'll be able to explain the differences between using work under fair dealing rules and using work under CC licenses. You'll be able to give an example of what one cannot, can and cannot do with the different types of licenses. So with your by license, with your NC license, with your SCSA licenses, we'll point to some ways to find Creative Commons licenses in different contents types. And you'll have an opportunity to apply a Creative Commons license and share your work in a format that's reusable for others. The next module we're going to look at is OER. And a good question to think about as you go through this module is what makes an educational resource open? So after we've explored Creative Commons licenses, we'll jump into OER. Open educational resources are teaching and learning resources, including full courses, course materials, text books, streaming video tests, software and other tools that are free of cost and access barriers. And which also carry legal permissions for open use. Generally, we use Creative Commons to grant this permission, which allows anyone to freely use, adapt, share the resources anytime, anywhere, depending on the licensing that you've given it. So in this unit, we will give examples of why learners and instructors value and use OER. We'll discuss some strategies for adapting and contextualizing learning materials. We'll identify and evaluate sources of open educational resources, and you will have an opportunity to develop and share an OER. And the final module that we're going to look at is Open Pedagogy. Open Pedagogy asks not what you teach, but how you teach. Open Pedagogy can involve a blend of strategies, technologies and network communities to empower students to have control and agency over their own learning. This module focuses on how to incorporate principles of openness and learner participation into the process of teaching and learning. So a couple of topics that we're going to look at, we'll look at some different definitions of Open Pedagogy, some different pedagogical benefits and impacts to integrating open approaches into teaching and learning. We'll share some examples of different open assignments so that learners can have different agency when they complete an assignment. We'll talk about what rights and controls that students have over their own work, and we'll also look at what are some of the challenges. What are we asking students or faculty to do when we ask them to work in the open? So a couple of different ways that we're going to look at open practice. And I'm going to turn over to Erin now who's going to introduce a breakout room activity. I did want to mention something with breakout rooms before we jump in. They have been a nervous space for people lately, and we've noticed that when we do breakout rooms, some people will disappear. I wanted to encourage you to stay. Community is one of the most important parts of this program. If you are uncomfortable when we do the breakout rooms, you may want to turn off your camera. Sometimes that can help you feel a little bit more comfortable. All right, over to you, Erin. Thanks, Lucas. All right, so as Lucas mentioned, we are going to do a bit of a participant breakout in the breakout rooms, which we will set up. We would like you to introduce yourself to the other participants. And on the padlet that Rie just shared in the chat, we would like you to answer some of these questions, which is what has inspired you to participate in this program? What kind of open scholarship practices or projects interest you? And if you have a project or know of a project that really interests you to maybe share a link to that project. So, Will, if you wouldn't mind showing the padlet. So it's going to look similar to the map padlet in terms of how you respond and comment. Here we are. So at the top, we mentioned maybe it would be good for one person to be the kind of recorder inside of the padlet, just so that we make sure that somebody is keeping kind of some notes of what is happening. As you might want to assign somebody that as well as when we come back after about 10 minutes, somebody who will be willing to maybe just report out some of that conversation that you had. So the three questions are listed here in the padlet. There is the comment function that you could use to answer. You also could actually use the plus sign, the pink plus sign if you choose, but the comment function might be easiest to use just so we keep track of the answers for the actual questions themselves. So if nobody has any questions, we're going to assign the breakout rooms and we will come back. We will bring you back in about 10 minutes where we'll just do a bit of a debrief. So welcome back everyone. I hope you had an interesting discussion and got to know each other a little bit. So we have the padlet open for all of the responses that folks gave and I just wanted to give an opportunity if there's somebody in the session today if you wanted to speak about your group, what conversation might have come up, something interesting, feel free to maybe raise your hand so we could maybe see. So I believe I see Christopher, you have your hand raised if you would like to unmute and maybe let us know. So unless there are any questions, any more questions, I would just say we're very excited to see you start interacting instead of pose looking forward to the discussions that we'll have and seeing you hopefully at our next session. And welcome and I really, really hope that this is a fruitful and interesting experience for everybody so thank you for attending.


This 2021 Jeep Gladiator Mojave is stock number 11588ZA. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used Jeep and Jeep Gladiator and Wrangler headquarters. And today, like I said, we are checking out this like new 2021 Jeep Gladiator Mojave edition. This one has the color match hardtop, the color match vendors, it has the 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 motor. It has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off and this vehicle is 100% ready to go. Bright white is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet or smartphone device, turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality, condition, looks and styling of the vehicle before seeing it in person. And if you'd like to check out all the photos on this Jeep in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link to our website, click that and check us out there. This one comes with the 17 inch painted and polished aluminum rims and it has Falcon Wild Peak AT tires. These are LT28570R17s and they have just about all the tread left on them. You get the Fox shocks right there with the Mojave package, the jounce bumpers and this one does have a suspension, a little bit of a lift kit on it from the factory. It's actually the tallest gladiator you can get stock. You get the LED headlamps, LED running lights, LED fog lamps, no dents or dings or scuffs on that front bumper. The hood, you get that cull hood on there and that's in really nice shape. That's to extract air from hopefully not sand and dust, a little bit higher up. But passing aside front fenders in excellent shape, passing aside wheel is in excellent condition as well, has some heavy duty running boards on here. And as you go down this side of the Jeep, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make a trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and of confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises. And that is why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. A link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise a trade-off in the comfort of your own home. So when you get here all you got to do is drive the vehicle, love it, you'll be all set to go.  Frame and underbody is an exceptionally nice condition. You get those heavy-duty fox shocks back here as well. Comes with all the skid plates and frame and underbody is like new underneath. Has a soft fold-up tonneau cover. I believe that's the factory one as we come around to the back, rear bumpers in great shape, no dents or dings or scuffs back here. Does have the backup parking sensors. You get the powder coated orange tail hooks. Towing package which includes receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring. LED tail lamps, LED brake light up here. Has a shock down assist tailgate so it's never going to slam on you. Spray and bed liner, LED bed lighting, and then that is your case for the hard top pieces right up there. Tailgate's really light, shuts nice and easily, and as you go down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side. No dents or dings or scuffs or scrapes on that fender. And for full disclosure this back room is in excellent shape as well. Color match hard top, nice addition, and down the rest of the side of the vehicle looks really good. You do get the heated power mirrors with the blind spot monitoring. Get a good look at those really nice step bars. Inside the Mojave package gives you the black leather interior with the orange stitching. You get Mojave stitched into the backrest, driver's seat height adjuster. These now come with side airbags. You get the topographical all-weather floor mat, auto headlamps, tilt, telescopic steering wheel, power mirrors, power locks. And we'll hop inside and take a look at the instrument cluster and radio. You can see that this Jeep only has 5,104 miles. You do get the digital speedometer, compass, outside temperature display. You get the heated leather wrapped steering wheel. Actually I apologize this is not a heated steering wheel. It is leather wrapped though. You get your cruise controls and forward collision warning, or I'm sorry adaptive cruise controls on the right there. Information center and Bluetooth controls on the left, audio controls on the back. Notice you do get the orange stitching on the steering wheel as well. This one comes with the 8.4C radio, AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. Also has the factory navigation system. There's your AM, FM and Sirius.  And then you have all your other controls including your backup camera, which take a look at how crystal clear that backup camera is. Those grid lines are dynamic mean that they turn as you turn the steering wheel. You can zoom in over the receiver hitch and make sure you get hooked up to your boat camper trailer the first time every time. And then you get this front camera, which is really cool. And they have like grid lines for where your tires are going to be. And if you turn the wheel, those turn as well. So really cool if you're off-roading to make sure that you're going to be lined up wherever you need to go. And it also has a camera clean right there where it will spray water on there. Anyways, you've got your apps, everything here including your off-road pages. You have your projection manager where you can project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay. So if you've got a different navigation system that you like to use better than the factory one, or if you just want to play music and stuff through the radio from your phone and control it up here, you can do that. We actually did a demo on Android Auto. If you want to check that video out, it's in the upper right hand part of the screen. If your off-road page is here, they do take a second to load. So while they're loading, I'll show you have all your other climate controls and radio controls down here, the more tactile buttons and knobs. It always says you may be lost, but never stuck in a Jeep.  So a lot of cool stuff with that part of the radio and that comes with the radio, so there's no subscription for that.  Remote start, keyless entry, you get the flipper key on there, passenger side format, and see it are in excellent condition, no rips or tears, this vehicle's never been smoked in. This one does have the insulated hardtop, which is a really nice feature, keeps you a little bit warmer in the winter, also blocks out a little bit of road noise. Assistant SOS buttons up there, auto dimming mirror, home link controls for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, notice you get the orange trim around the air vents and the orange stitching on that dash as well. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Back seats just as clean as front seats, no rips, no tears back here, it does have the latch child safety system, the manual sliding rear window with the built-in rear defrost, you get that insulated soft top back here as well. These seats do fold up for extra storage and they also fold down like so and you can store stuff back there. Now what's cool about that is you can actually lock that seat, so put valuables back there and lock it when you have the top off so that they don't get stolen. 115 volt 400 watt plug-in, you do get two more USBs, two more USB C's back here, you get that topographical floor mat back here as well and then you do get child safety locks on the back doors. We'll start it up and take a quick look under the hood, no check engine lights or anything like that, also check out all those LED lights up front. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you've been able to tell just how clean this Jeep is all the way around inside and out. Once again, this Jeep has been fully safe and inspected by all the SilverShop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this vehicle is 100% ready to go. Love that they do the LED lights on these, definitely a nice addition. You also get the LED running lights and the fenders and I would highly recommend this vehicle from a quality and condition standpoint and to see more pictures of this Gladiator or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, Gladiators, you name it we got to go to that website right there www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at www.summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to www.youtube.com slash www.summitauto.com remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel in the upper left. A link to more Gladiator videos like this one in the upper right, a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to our latest YouTube video in the lower right. Click those, check us out and we're super excited to be offering this really clean 2021 Jeep Gladiator Mojave in bright white clear coat. Thanks again for checking out the video.


Stop allowing the assault of the enemy, which is accusation, to prevent you from prayer. 1 John 1 verse 9 tells us, if we confess our sins, he is faithful and just. Forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness. How much heartache could you save yourself in prayer, if instead of wondering if God has forgiven you? If instead of begging God to forgive you, you simply embrace the fact that he already has, and therefore you're free to move into the depths of prayer unhindered by your past.


Let's wrap up tonight with a talk about growing apples, which is the most popular tree fruit in North Dakota. I have the honor of giving this talk. My name is Tom Colb. I'm at North Dakota State University and I was raised on a farm in Minnesota that commercially grew apples near the Twin Cities by the Arboretum area and by that major apple research area. In my work at NDSU, I do conducting workshops, I write articles, I answer lots of gardening questions, and I coordinate like the spring fever garden forums like we are tonight and the North Dakota Home Garden variety trials and the North Dakota Junior Master Gardener Program. So I'm going to share my screen and get us going right away here. I like to have interaction and some fun in my presentations as much as possible as much as this zoom thing will allow. How about I just we're going to talk about growing apples, but what is your favorite tree fruit? Is it pears? Is it apples? What's your favorite tree fruit? Does anybody want to go in the chat box and tell me what's our favorite fruit they like to eat that grows on a tree? Okay, I love it. Apples, cherries, apples, apples, apricots, love it. Okay, these are all figs, June... Okay, here we go. Now we're talking. How come nobody said bananas? How come that? There you go. Look at all those lot of cherries and plums. Surprised about that. I used to live in Asia for seven years. I had lemons, limes, oranges, I had a banana tree.   So you think zucchini is hard to get rid of in North Dakota? Try getting rid of a gigantic bunch of bananas. Yeah, it's quite the task. And I'll tell you about one of my favorite fruits. Let me click it here. And that's a peach tree. I've worked in extension a lot of years and I always put in demonstration orchards whether it was in Wisconsin or here even in Bismarck. And I always like to show people what works like apples and pears just like Kathy does. And then I also like to show people what doesn't work and that's peaches for example. My county people here have a peach tree that's doing well. I don't think many people are, but I'll never forget the time when I was in Wisconsin and I was walking through my orchard, my demonstration orchard all blown on a Sunday afternoon. And all of a sudden right before my eyes was a peach that was perfectly ripe, just ready to be picked. And so what am I gonna do with that? You know, I'm all by myself. There's nobody around to give it to. So I said, I'm gonna eat it. And so I grabbed it and it was a best tasting fruit I ever had. I loved it. I fell in love with that peach tree. But then what happens? Death, death the next winter. But I still love that tree. So I said, I'm gonna try it again. I did the same thing. And then what happened? Same thing. After three years I get a couple fruits and this time death. I still love that tree. I still love peach trees. And I planted one here in Bismarck at an orchard, your demonstration orchard, death. So looking back, do I regret falling in love with peaches and watching them die? No, I don't regret because it is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. And so I do think it's okay to take a few chances but may I recommend that apples won't break your heart. And I'm from an apple orchard and you can have great time picking apples with your kids and the apples taste good to almost as good as a peach. As a picture of my family and my family's orchard and there's my wife, my two oldest kids. And every fall I go home to help pick the 350 apple trees we got and my mom would thank me for all the hard work. And I would just tell my mom, I wanna thank you because this is such a glorious thing to be here picking fruits with my children and my wife and enjoying the fruits and enjoying the cool weather. So I recommend everybody to get out and put in a backyard orchard and put in a few trees including a couple apple trees. And apple trees are beautiful in the springtime. However, I have to say it's not easy to grow apples in North Dakota. We're so proud of ourselves in agriculture. Yes, we are number one in durham wheat. We are number one in canola. We are number one in honey. We are number one in dry beans. Well, how are we doing in apples? And that's our most popular tree food. So how about the 48 contiguous states? Where does North Dakota rank out of 48 states? I think you could probably guess we're 48th, okay? We are last. So it's hard. It's a little bit challenging to grow apples in North Dakota. And so I'm gonna try to help you make it easy.  It's gonna have lots of sun. And just like Kathy had her horror story with pears. I've had similar horror stories with like honey crisp apples and watching your crop fall on the ground. So if you can find a place that's a little bit sheltered from the worst winds, it helps. Apples and pears, they have to have a well-drained soil. They can't have wet feet and you gotta avoid the frost. The frost can kill your flowers in the spring. The frost can damage your fruits in the fall. So avoid those low pockets. Where are you gonna buy your plants? I believe you should try to buy from a local nursery or garden center. They buy their materials from the wholesalers, Bailey and Jeffries out of Canada, proven winners. If you wanna buy 50 trees, I think I'd go to Bailey and Twin Cities and ask for their advice. But I'm not here to endorse or discriminate against anybody. I strongly believe in bare root trees. They're much more affordable. And so Jung Seed and Start Brothers have good selections. Kathy mentioned St. Lawrence out in New York. St. Lawrence specializes in cold hardy zone three trees. So that's always an interesting, they have a wide selection. Even those kind of weird funky varieties that Kathy tried. So St. Lawrence has an interesting collection. Know your zone. Zone, most of us live in zone four, where it only gets to be about minus 30 in the winter. Zone four, it's a little harsher. Or zone three, I should say a little harsher. That's like 40 below zero up in zone three. So know your zone. Don't take chances. If you're zone three and it's hardy to zone four, you're gonna lose that tree.  Mother nature is fierce. She is unforgiving. So don't challenge her. I hold her hand and I walk with her and cooperate with her. It's the way to work. Here's just a few cultivars. And you've got on your handout, you have like 10 steps to growing apples in northern North Dakota. And there's another handout available. 10 steps is growing apples in North Dakota for the more southern area. These are some widely grown apples. I like Zestar is a great early apple in zone four. Maybe up in zone three, I would go with Norland. Duchess, I list here as an heirloom from Russia. That has a good qualities. Prairie magic is an outstanding tree from Canada. Honey crisp is the dominant tree in the Midwest. And that's cause it just tastes unbelievably well. It's crisp and so sweet and delicious. And it stores surprisingly well. It'll store through much of winter for you. But that's a zone four. So I would say try prairie magic in zone three. And Harrelson, Harrelson was the old standard before honey crisp came to town. Harrelson's super easy to grow. It tolerates fire, blight. It's a little bit tart for fresh eating, but otherwise it's a great general purpose apple. And your handouts got more varieties that I recommend. When you buy an apple tree, you see that where that red arrow is, every apple tree you buy is grafted. And you see where it's connected right there. You plant that graft union two inches above the soil line. And you'll notice I put a stake. I always stake every apple tree I ever plant at least for the first few years. Okay, when you look at the rootstocks, there's three major categories. And this will affect the growth and the size of the tree. Almost all the rootstocks in North Dakota are standard and that's North Dakota is a harsh place. It's a tough place. So they give you the toughest, most heartiest rootstock and that's the standard one. But it does not suppress growth. You're gonna get a very tall tree that you have to prune aggressively. Also, standard trees can take a long time to bear fruit. It can be like eight years for you're gonna get a good crop. And that's why most commercial growers in zone four will look towards a semi-dwarf types. They're lower, easier to manage, and they're more precocious. I'm gonna start getting a good crop after four years of a semi-dwarf. There's also got the dwarf types available. I've tried them here in Bismarck. I am not pleased with the performance of the dwarf trees. They just lack vigor. And now do you see how I stake my trees? I stake them in a very simple way. I use a 10-foot electrical conduit pipe, three-quarter inch diameter. Okay, it's a 10-foot long. I pound it two feet in the ground and then I just loosely tie it with some twine. Staking prevents wind damage. It prevents that graft union from snapping apart, okay? Also, stake trees develop stronger root systems. They lead to earlier bearing and they lead to higher yields. So I always stake my trees in the beginning. Malt, you have to mulch your tree and then use the 3-3-3 rule. Malt should be at least three feet wide, three inches thick and you should have no mulch three inches near the trunk because otherwise that will attract voles. Malt will conserve moisture. It'll keep the grass away. It'll keep the lawnmower away, which is a major killer. And mulch keeps the soil insulated. It keeps it a little bit cooler in the summer, a little bit warmer in the winter. And this shredded bark mulch will insulate the soil in the early spring to prevent a quick bloom. I don't want a quick bloom because then I'm gonna get, my blooms are gonna get frost. I want a cool, slow bloom.  So mulching is critical. You have to make a commitment for the first two years to water your tree on a regular basis. And in general, you put 10 gallons of water per inch of caliper every week per tree. So what's an inch of caliper? For apple trees, we measure the caliper at about ankle height, about six inches high. Most apple trees are about one inch caliper. So that means every tree is gonna get about 10 gallons of water per week if it's dry. Do not irrigate wet soil. If the soil is wet, the tree doesn't need it.   So only irrigate if it's dry, which it is most of the time here. There's different ways to irrigate. And though you like these tree gator bags are convenient or you can see on the right, you see these five gallon pails that have holes punched in the bottom or I just use a watering wand and spend my evening watering that way, that's fine. What I wanna highlight to you is this white tube on the side of the tree. And that's, I think that Kathy's a painter. She's artistic, maybe I just not into that. And so I like to use these spiral guard tree guards but they're white in color. And so like Kathy was emphasizing, why do we have white? Because we wanna, why do we wrap a tree? I thought we wrapped a tree to keep it warm in winter but no, we wrap a tree to keep it cool. Keep the bark cool. Keep the bark on that Southwest side, cool to keep it dormant. And that will prevent that the cells from getting active and then sunscalding. And here's a picture at the Bismarck Post Office of a maple tree with sunscalding. Almost every maple and almost every unprotected apple tree will have sunscalding on the Southwest side. It's not a killer. It's just like a, it's just, it stunts the growth. It hurts a little bit of that tree ring where the water and nutrients flow. So that's just protect against sunscal, use white.    These spiral tree guards will also provide some protection against voles. And then what about deer? Oh my gosh. I remember I planted 40 apple trees at United tribes and then I came back a few days later to water them. And I think this was the deer watching me plant those trees. You see, it's just licking its lips there, just waiting for me to leave. Cause it pruned every one of those 40 trees for me after three days. And so what's the best way to deal with deer? This is the way I deal with it. There you go. The lead solution. There you go. But at the United tribes, they didn't want me out there with the rifle shooting deer, makes sense. So then I said the second best solution. And that's exclusion, fencing, an eight foot high electrical fence is the next option. They didn't want that option either. So then I had to use repellent, chemical repellent liquid fence.  It's sulfur, garlic, rotten eggs, probably animal guts all mixed together. It's terrible. And you have to spray it in the beginning about every week. And then I got to like every month and it smells terrible when you do it. And it keeps the spouse away from hugging you. But anyhow, it's helpful. A repellent is not as good as killing it, killing the pest or excluding it. But I had the deer at United tribes grazing around the apple orchard there. Okay, I'm gonna talk about pest management quickly here. The best way you control pests for in a backyard orchard is just rake up the old fruits and the old leaf litter because that's where the insects and diseases harbor. So get a rake out. Okay, now with fungicide, if I'm serious about this and I'm a commercial orchard, I'm spraying my tree like every two weeks to protect against diseases. I have to have perfect apples, but we don't wanna do that in the backyard. Nobody wants to spend every other week out there spraying with poison as chemicals. So choose the key times. And the most important time to protect against diseases is in early spring. When the leaves are just popping up, they don't have any waxy protection on them yet. Okay, so a spray like right before, like a day or two before the rain comes, that that will be that fungicide will be a shield of protection to protect my leaves. In insects, and there's, I like to start with traps and here's our most common pest, the apple maggot fly. And she's a late sleeper. She wakes up in late June along the fireworks is when she wakes up and then she wants to lay her eggs. And she looks for apples to puncture and the maggots hatch and they make these trails. You can't even see the maggots. They're very tiny and translucent, but they're there, they do the damage. So what I like to do is hang up these apple traps for like five in a trap, there's like these red balls like a Christmas ornament. You put sticky coating on them. And then I just go out there every week starting in late June to see if there's any maggot flies. If there's no maggot flies, then I'm gonna have to spray my tree. But if there are maggot flies, I'm gonna have to make a decision. The other pest, then second most part one in North Dakota is the codling moth. This is the classic worm in your apple and the rotten core. So, and you know, there's only one thing worse than finding a worm when you bite into an apple, right? There's only one thing worse than that. And that's finding a half a worm when you bite into an apple. So how do we prevent a codling moth? The time to spray for codling moth is right after the petals fall. So one or two sprays right then is a great time to do it. We can monitor for codling moths too. And so how do we attack any enemy? You find their weakness. And what is the weakness of a lot of insects?  They gotta have it.   And so what we do, the scientists, they develop a chemical pheromone that mimics a female who's receptive. So that male moth flies around that trap you see in the corner picture there and he senses a female's receptive. So he goes right into that trap thinking he's gonna get some action. What does he get?  Just worst possible way to go, I gotta think. But that's what we gotta do to fight these codling moths. But these are monitoring devices. They're not gonna provide pure control. That's why it helps you determine should I spray or not? Use their weaknesses. Lastly, I'm gonna talk about pruning. They're prune every winter, like March and April. Don't make excuses. It's easy. People worry, oh, I don't know what to prune. That's no excuse. Almost all pruning is mindless. My 11-year-old can do it, okay? He does it. You wanna get lots of sun and wind movement through the tree. That's what it's all about. I just wanna open up windows. I wanna get rid of that clutter. I wanna keep the height manageable. I don't wanna tree taller than, I don't wanna taller than 12 feet tall. I don't wanna be going on high ladders to pick apples. I wanna keep that tree down. So why do we do it in March and April? We can easily see the limbs, the trees dormant, and so we won't spread like fire blight or other diseases when we prune in March or April. However, this is the typical apple tree in North Dakota. Never pruned. No wonder we're 48th. I can't go into details about how to train and prune apple trees. I'm gonna cover the basics here, but I highly recommend, I love this series of publications about growing apples in Wisconsin. There's one about growing pears in Wisconsin. There's one about growing cherries in Wisconsin. It's full of lots of good drawings and information. And if you're serious about this fruit, I recommend you download this free publication and check it out. I'm gonna give you just a primer, the basics of pruning. Okay, there's two types of major buds. The flower buds are big and fuzzy. That's what I want. The leaf buds are glossy and skinny. I don't want shade. I don't plant my apple tree for shade. I don't care about leaf buds. So even if you can see on this picture that the branch is trimming off, it's just full of, it's an upright branch, like Kathy said, upright branches do not produce fruit. They just produce leaves and I don't want that. So vertical branches are unfruitful and the crotches are weak. Horizontal branches are very fruitful, but they're weak too, because they can't hold the weight until the branches collapse. So I always tell it, 60 degrees is a good way. Or Kathy says 45. You get the ballpark in intermediate ways go because you'll have fruitful branches and strong crotches that can support the fruit. Okay, here's, go over this quickly. I want to remove the suckers at the base. They do nothing for my tree. I want to get rid of those vertical water sprouts. See, this is not, I'm not even thinking. I'm not even thinking. If it's vertical, I'm taking it out. Here it is with my locking shears. If it's a thick one, I'm taking it out. Not thinking, I'm not thinking. It's not brain surgery. It's not open heart surgery. If it's vertical, it's coming out. If it's going in, it's coming out. Because then it's gonna cross branches, have, create diseases. It's gonna clutter up the tree. I want my tree to grow outward, get more sun. Okay, let's go over this diagrammatically and this is in your handout. So we're gonna remove the suckers, get rid of those vertical water sprouts. And then as we go around here, let me get this planter going here. Here we go, let's just keep going around here. I'm gonna head back to long branches. I want like a pure middle shape trained if possible in the guinea, especially the youthful time of the tree. And so I don't wanna shade the lower branches.  I want this branch to grow out. Okay, next, again, vertical branches out. I wanna keep my tree at a certain low height. So tall branches are coming out. Those inward crossing branches, they're coming out. And those horizontal branches, they're coming out. Okay, so this really is not rocket science. I love this photo. I love this diagram. It shows the clutter you have before and how nice it is when you're done. It's just like a nice haircut. You feel so good afterwards. And that's the way this tree feels. In general, for the apple trees, I think that if you're not sure you're done to me, that means you're not done. That means you should keep going at it and get rid of that clutter. Okay, and my dad taught me you should have like a hub with spokes coming out of it. That's what he was taught me. But get rid of that clutter. Here's a couple other ways to look at it. Somebody taught me that your apple tree should be so open it should have so many windows through that tree that a robin should be able to fly through that tree in the springtime. Here's another one, an old guy from Wisconsin taught me. He says, Tom, you should be able to pick up an old, rangy farm cat and you should be able to throw it through the tree. If the cat gets stuck, they gotta keep pruning. There he goes. But I have to say for the record, I do not recommend throwing cats in trees, right? So you can break a lot of branches doing that. So don't do that. Got it? Lastly, what about your old tree? I told you on Cathy's presentation, old trees, apple trees are like people. They can live to a hundred, but when they hit 40, they start going downhill. So you got to have realistic expectations with an old apple tree. But the principles are the same. I want to get rid of those water sprouts, get rid of those inward crossing branches, but also I'll take the dead wood out. Also with the old tree, I need to bring it down. I need to bring it down. And maybe the first year, that's all I'm going to do primary. Get rid of the dead wood and bring it down. And so this is going to take a few years to reshape an old tree. It hasn't been taken care of for many years. It's going to take a few years to get it in shape. And then at the end, it's going to have this nice look. It's going to look like an old umbrella. That's the way. And it's still very manageable. So that's my presentation. I want to thank, give credit to the photographers and also wish you a happy spring if it ever comes. And we do got 10 minutes for questions. I'd welcome any questions that anybody might have. And I will go to the question and answers and I will answer them myself, it looks like. Here we go. Apple tree dive, it has a nice runner. It's probably a sucker branch. Can you let it grow and would it produce eventually? If it's a sucker, it's probably coming from the rootstock. And the rootstock is probably a low quality Russian apple or perhaps a doggo crab. So it will produce fruits eventually but you're going to get a low quality fruit. So I would not try to rescue a sucker. I would just get rid of it and start all over. I've heard the rule of mulch should be five inches diameter and five inches deep. Five inches I think is a little bit deep. Mulch five feet diameter wide. You know what? It should be 50 diameter, you know, the more the better but at least three. But I like five, Don. I like five too. Yeah, just that mulch is wonderful. This person has a young apple tree that planted last year. The white tube is placed around the tree and deer prune the top of the white tube. Will it survive? Yes. So the deer cut right above the white tube. So what he ended up creating was a whip, we call it. And actually commercial orchards, we start with whips. So if this guy's got nothing happening, if there's like no branching, actually I'd probably make the first cut at about three feet tall and wherever you make a cut, you'll get new branches form. So then my first scaffold will be at three feet high. That's what I would do. But that tree will survive. And then get that shotgun out next time or repellent. Should we cut the top of the tree of an apple? If it's, yes, you should cut the top of the tree. I don't know how you can manage a 25 foot tall tree. I don't know how you can spray it. I don't know how you can harvest it. I mean, when I see trees like that, people just shake them and then the apples drop and then they pick them up. That's just not the way to produce a quality apple. So cut it back. God, I think it should be no more than 15 feet and I would go smaller. How do I protect trees from wasp? Generally, if my experience is wasp like fruits that are already wounded, so just avoid picking or avoid picking, be careful about the wounded apples but also pick up the fruit litter if it falls down. And so that way it will draw the wasp away. So just and be careful because the wasps are aggressive in the fall. Can I powered an old tree? If that's like grafting, yes, you can, definitely. Is a tree ever too young to be pruned? No, a tree should be pruned every day until the last year of its life. What causes sections in the apple tree to get a web looking wrap in it? Okay, that webby wrap is a tent caterpillar. Tent caterpillars love fruit trees and they'll go in there in the springtime, they'll make a web and then they'll come out and they'll eat the leaves. Tent caterpillars are usually not killers, they're just do some early defoliation. So you can use a jet spray of water, you can hit them with one of those insecticides I showed before, like malathion would take it out or a spinosad or a pyrethrin, spray directly into the nest. Or in some cases you just get a twig and scoop out the tent caterpillar. Or sometimes a jet spray of water would just knock it out. Will the PowerPoint presentations be available to watch again? Wow, you want an on-court performance? Definitely, all our presentations are available on the Spring Fever website. For 10 years we've been doing this, every presentation is on the Spring Fever website and I got to thank Scott and Sonia for producing them and then posting them on our website. So like two or three days after today, you can tell your friends to watch this presentation. Or if I talk too fast, I'm sorry, you can watch it again or if you see it like maybe we had some great talks tonight and so you go see April's and Tafi's again. You have an apple tree, it's 10 years old and right after they planted it, a deer tore off the main center branch. The tree still hasn't produced any fruits. It's 10 years old, it hasn't produced fruits. It's time for it to produce fruits. So then the first thing, is it blooming? It's gotta bloom, make sure it's blooming. If it's blooming and not producing fruits, it's not getting fertilized by bees or pollinated slash fertilized. So then I need to have another apple or crab apple tree within 100 yards for sure and 100 feet's better. Otherwise it could be a lot of, maybe you're using insecticides and killing bees off, but if it's not blooming, then maybe you're over fertilizing or the tree's in too much shade. So if you love your apple tree, that means you're gonna cut down your nearby ash tree and have a better orchard, how about that? This guy's got a 40 year old tree with no mulch and it cross pollinates with a neighbor tree. Would it pay to mulch the old tree? Yes, you should mulch every tree in North Dakota and with shredded bark mulching, never rock. I shouldn't prune more than 20% of a tree every year. That's a general rule of thumb. And you know, there's some validity to that. And that's why if you've got a big overgrown tree, it's gonna take like three years to get it in shape because you can't do all that aggressive pruning one time because that will stimulate a ton of water sprouts. So that's why I get to the point again, you gotta prune every year. So if you prune every year, you're not gonna be taking off more than 20% of the tree's overall wood at any one year. So prune on a regular basis in March or April while the tree's dormant. Let's see what else we got. Has attacked the leaves of the apple tree. It's got holes in its leaves. That's a leaf roller or some type of caterpillar. I don't care about that because the tree doesn't care about it. Because if you step back and you look at that tree, that tree is still green. It's got tons of leaves. So who cares if a caterpillar eats 2% of its leaf tissue? Okay, don't lose any sleep over it. The apple tree has survived for years without spraying insecticides. Don't worry about it. Okay, you've got other things to worry about in your life than a past eating a few apple leaves. Are apple trees tolerant of clay soils? Yes, but it won't tolerate a wet soil. Okay, so it's gotta have good drainage. This person says, should they amend the soil for better success? You know what? Yeah, but the roots go out like forever. So you can't amend the whole orchard. So, and even if you just put it in the planting hole, that amendment, that peat moss, whatever, then the roots are gonna like it so much there. They're never gonna go into the native soil. So the whole key is, just pick a good site to begin with and let the tree cope with the native soil. They make a chemical that kills off suckers. Is that harmful to the tree? Yeah, that's a sucker guard, like sucker stopper. That's a growth hormone, a growth regulator, a plant growth regulator. Is that harmful to the tree? If it's applied properly, it's not harmful to the tree, but can I just say, it's like I showed you. My young Kevin can prune out suckers. It's mindless.  It's March or April. You prune out the daughter in suckers. Don't have to buy those chemicals. Have I ever used spray and grow? No, I don't know what that is. Sorry. Should you mulch an old tree? Yes, you should mulch a tree until the day it dies. Where do you buy a good Beirut Prairie Magic apple tree? Where you buy it? I can't endorse a company, it's not fair. I can't pick one. Lots of companies, Northern companies sell Prairie Magic. And so all you gotta do is go to Google, type in Prairie Magic Beirut tree. They'll get like five nurseries pop up just like that. Every variety that I talked about tonight is well, it's lots of nurseries have it. I didn't pick a weird variety. They let the grass grow around the apple tree after three or four years old. Can they take the sod off now? Yes, you should take the sod off this spring. Excuse me. And replace it with mulch. No, you should take the sod off or I know people think roundup is evil. You can spray it with roundup or glyphosate in a three foot, three to five foot ring and that will kill the grass, roots and all. And then you put shredded bark over that dead area. How do you manage gulls? Gulls on a bark. I don't really ever step in a major problem with apples. So how do I control fire blight? To fight it's a whole talk about fire blight. Fire blight is a killer.  What we do is we see the branch, it's got the fire blight. It's a killer of apples and pears. There's no way to spray it out of the tree. We gotta amputate it. Just like a Civil War soldier's leg. Gotta amputate it. Go about at least eight inches and we're like two feet from where you see the blight.   At least a four inch stub that's two years or older wood. And then if I didn't get all the fire blight it would generally stay in that stub until winter and then I cut the stub out in winter.  Should you avoid planting apples near evergreens? No, don't worry about that. You're worried about cedar apple rust. I think you're worried about it. But cedar apple rust is not a killer of apple trees. And the evergreens can help provide great wind protection from you. So as long as the evergreens are not shading my tree I love planting near evergreens. Okay, I think a lot of, what's a good yellow apple? That's a good one. My favorite is honey gold. Wood ars is a North Dakota apple. It's supposed to be the sweetest of all, but it's late. Maybe something like a low dye is an early spring yellow apple. When I say shredded bark is that the same stuff you can buy at a box store? Yes. How long should you keep the tree garden to prevent bunnies? As long as you can and try to control the bunnies is basically like keep the grass mowed nearby so the bunnies have less habitat and then the hawks will take care of them. And then as far as about the tree tubes should you remove the tree tubes during the summertime, for example? Yes, because they protect primarily in sunscald and as soon as the leaves coming out that means that the bark gets shaded and also we don't have frost injury then. So as soon as the frost gets over, I was taught that when the months have an R in it it should have a tree guard. So that means in May we can take our tree guard off. May, June, July, August and then September it comes back on. Okay, there you go. I think I wanna stay on time and I wanna thank you all tonight. We had a really had a fun session with everybody here tonight and we'll do it again next week. Next week we're gonna talk about biotechnology or biology and technology. We're gonna learn how to monitor the monarchs in our gardens. There's some new plant identification apps and also any issues developed seem some mulches that are biodegradable and sprayable. So we're gonna be looking at that research. So I'll please join us next week. Everybody have a good night and thanks for joining us tonight.


Let's go for 125. Markey matchup. God, dog, right out of the blocks. One and three. Bear Paul. Bear Paul three, what do you think? That's a panda bear Paul. Panda bear Paul, but it's Paul, I believe. Might be a sloth Paul. He's so fast. Yeah, you can't be a sloth. Sloths are slow. Zach Sanders, that is your subject of scuffle. Number one seed, 125 pounds. Defending wireless, second seed. I haven't seen that all day, defending finalist. We're here, it's awesome. Just anybody. No, I mean, was he a defending finalist from this? Yeah, he lost to Nicholson last year. Sick match, by the way.  You got it. And drop it here. Actually ended up being a pre-packed house for a Monday night. Sanders in three times. That's a good scuffle there again. True, true. He'd say. We'll single attempt there for waters. Sanders locks it down. Referee confirming the obvious. Seen not hurt, right Franco? Yeah, waters end on that left side single again. Little slower pace than we used to see in Sanders. Yeah, he'll pick it up. Double, double tap. Minute left in a period. One minute remaining first. Resonance and do not be made to give a second scuffle. Whistle. Resonance out. A physical match. I think Penn State's going to win the most fans award. I don't know what happened. I think the machine blew up. When I tried to fix something that broke, I turned off. Of course, the clock's going to break during the finals. People from the movie 300 in the crowd, that was awesome. In unison. Sounded like 300 though. That was the old MIS-ZOU. Is it old, Bader? Oldest, the school, yes. It's pretty old. Sing the fight song right now, Bader. We are, wait, one more. Every fight song starts with we are. I thought he had it. Almost steps on the flip disk. Throw waters as a hammer on top. Stage five clinger. That's an awesome, Bader. Stage five clinger old top. Bader with a cliche. Open hand is good. Open hand is OK. Open hand is OK. Who said that? Oh, is this Steve Martin? It's Redis. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah, in that video. Hold the menu and work out the video. Redis. They're wrestling, yeah. Man, the hook. Come on. Good. He flows, man. That was halfway scary for waters there. Right to the ship. Salty muddy waters. That is some nasty water. It's not drinkable. Angry cloudy water. You've got to boil that. That is some angry cloudy water. I don't know if I'm going to get it in a second. 54 seconds left. Zeroes everywhere. A wizard pressure back in. He's starting to get that foot back. He's getting his angle fixed on a single second period. Gabe Sanders, no slouch on the mat. Zach Sanders, last year's a Southern scuffle runner-up. Defending finals, dude. Come on. Sounds so much better. Water, a little post-tension. Now pops up the quad pod. We've got a jumbo try. Yeah, I spanned up to it earlier. Sparing no expense. Or detail here, this year's Southern scuffle. Right in time for Sanders. Judo return there. So it does that so well. Oh, it's sloppy there for Sanders. Period on top. Yeah, he's doing just that. For the most part. The other side, Sanders did a phenomenal job of following there. Minute 27 a ride in times. Got to get an escape, just to send it in over time. Zach Sanders from Minnesota. Zach Sanders, phenomenal. Awesome.


Two of the country's most popular politicians are teaming up to introduce legislation that I think is actually really phenomenal and it's innovative and if this were to pass, it really would be great. So as Renee Murl of the Washington Post reports, Senator Bernie Sanders and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez will introduce legislation on Thursday to cap credit card interest rates at 15%, a steep reduction from current levels. Banks have more than $1 trillion in credit card debt according to the Federal Reserve. In addition to a 15% federal cap on interest rates for credit cards and other consumer loans, states could establish their own lower limits under the legislation. It would also allow the US Postal Service to get into the banking business, including offering savings and checkings accounts. So that last little bit there, I really like Bernie Sanders floated this idea I believe back in 2016, I want to say. And I love the idea of allowing the US Postal Service to basically act as small community banks. I think that's a fantastic idea. And capping the interest rates of credit cards really is important when you see how high these interest rates really are. So if you have good credit, then you're looking at about 17%, 18% interest rates. If you have poor credit, you're looking at nearly 25% interest rates. So even if you have good credit, no blemishes on your record, you're still going to be looking at a 17% to 18% interest rate for credit cards. That is absolutely astronomical. And it's easy to see how these companies are ripping Americans off. So I think that this is necessary. And this actually isn't a new proposal because back in the 1980s, this was the cap that was imposed on credit unions. So basically what Bernie Sanders and AOC, what they're doing is they're just saying, look, let's go back to the way things were. This is the same thing that they are doing when it comes to new tax proposals. Like AOC is saying, look, let's go back to the time when the marginal tax rate was 70%. Now, in actuality, it was higher. It was more like 90%, but by basically saying, let's go back, you're trying to not scare people because anytime there's this new sweeping change, people tend to think, well, look, I don't know how this is going to affect me personally. So I'd rather just opt for no change rather than change that I'm unfamiliar with. So what they're doing here is really clever. They're basically saying, we're just going to go back to a time when things worked because we knew what that policy produced. The results were fantastic. So that's all that we're proposing. And I think that that's a clever way to govern if you are trying to cultivate popular support for your policy. Now, the banking industry made more than a hundred billion dollars based on interest rates and fees last year alone. And that's a 35% increase since 2012. So this is a much needed change. And I'm really glad that they're teaming up because it's nice to see the two most popular politicians in America do something and introduce a policy that is one needed, but two will likely get public support because they're introducing it. So I love this love that they're teaming up here. I love that AOC is endorsing this idea as well. I'd like for her to endorse a particular politician currently. So maybe think about that AOC be nice. If you give Bernie Sanders a helping hand, especially now that Biden is surging and we all know that Biden would be awful. But nonetheless, getting back to the subject at hand. Love the policy idea. I think it's brilliant. And I want more 2020 presidential candidates to keep pushing the envelope. Every single week, we should be seeing new ideas. I think Elizabeth Warren really is setting the bar in terms of introducing new policies. And this is really what you've got to do. If you want to garner interest for your presidential campaign, you've got to keep it fresh. You've got to keep the policies coming. And this is what Bernie is doing. And I'm glad that he's teaming up with AOC here. They're a great combo. And I hope that this will get passed if Democrats are able to take back the Senate in 2020.


Minister with responsibility for education, Hon. Sean Edward, says there must be equal measure of emphasis on technical and vocational subjects in schools, as there is on core academic subjects. The minister says the education ministry has looked into many avenues of information to formulate its TVET plan, including the country's needs assessment. While it's on a visit to schools in the island's north, the minister hinted to an agenda for education that boosts TVET to a point never seen before. He says the country presently is lacking in quite a few areas where TVET is concerned. Just imagine we have to be importing capenters and other skilled workers into this country. I know we have the aptitude. We also have individuals who can impart the knowledge both in a formal and informal setting. And what we want is to ensure that we recruit a cadre of young people in the society who will be trained and eventually will fill the gaps. The minister says his visit to schools will continue throughout the school year. He says interfacing with students and the faculty provides encouragement and the motivation where necessary. In order for the successes in education to be realized, he says there must be a good working relationship with stakeholders. The tour included several schools in District 1, including the St. Lucia Sponsor Academy and the international school located in Rodney Bay. You need teachers to be firing on all cylinders, so to speak. You need principals to be in sync with the different policies that have been enunciated by the Ministry of Education. And there's no better way to reinforce those than to have a presence at the schools themselves where you can eyeball teachers, eyeball principals, have an interaction with the students and to remind them of what we require as a ministry. As I've said before, it's a very important mandate. We have been tasked with the responsibility of preparing the next generation of citizens who will take their professional places in society to make St. Lucia a better place. The minister says emphasis will also be placed on early childhood education, special education and the thrust in the ICT education with the distribution of laptops to students island-wide. And that is not enough to just give the devices. We've thought the government of St. Lucia has entered into an arrangement where 5,000 households will receive communication bundles where students who are coming from homes where internet access is not readily available, they will benefit and they will be in a position where they can actually access the internet to their research, to their homework and that they will be on the same plane with students who come from families where those services are readily available. Minister Edward says it is his intention when the ministry embarks on visits to schools to include the parliamentary representatives for the districts being taught as well as the important community figures. From the communications unit of the Ministry of Education, Sustainable Development, Innovation, Science, Technology and Vocational Training, I am Chris Satney reporting.