Again the title of our sermon the fruits of faithfulness judges chapter 9 verses 1 through 21 In this period of the judges We see we have seen we will see a deadly Infection that is eating away at Israel from the inside You know Israel is put down by the hand of God Israel is put down her external enemies They have won this great battle against Midian and that's by the hand of Gideon But now we see Israel Being devoured from the inside out as it were this infection eating away to Israel from the inside There's a spiritual dry rot in the heart that is destroying the nation a plunging each consecutive generation into sin misery and judgment and that Spiritual decay the spiritual gangrene that spiritual cancer is the bitter fruit of faithfulness Faithlessness they're not putting their faith in trust in the Lord They forget the Lord their God and that spiritual decay is wreaking havoc on the people of Israel But by God's grace we remember the account of Gideon Gideon grew to be a man of faith and that was by God's doing by God's grace to him by God's hand Through Gideon's faith the Lord delivers his people under the hand of Midian Gideon is mentioned in the Hall of Faith in Hebrews chapter 11 Turning to flight the armies of the aliens and so the Lord blesses the nation of Israel blesses the people of God through Gideon's faith through Gideon's obedience to the Lord's word but now We know from chapter 8 that Gideon's tenure as judge in Israel doesn't end well He sows bitter seed in Israel. He pursues bitter fruit in Israel and his actions have Consequences we read these tragic sobering words at the end of judges chapter 8 Where it reads so it was as soon as Gideon was dead that the children of Israel then again Played the harlot with the bales and made Bale Barrett their God That's amazing isn't that we're talking about the covenant people of God with God as their Lord who has delivered them out of the hand of Midian and here they are again Not even a generation later playing the harlot with pagan idols verse 34 thus the children of Israel did not Remember the Lord their God who had delivered them from the hands of all their enemies on every side This is the fruit of faithlessness. It's the fruit of faithlessness the text says They did not remember the Lord their God now again. That doesn't mean that they forgot who he is right who's they know who he is It's not that they forgot that he's there or they have forgotten what he has done It means that they did not acknowledge who he is or what he's done for them in their actions He didn't acknowledge him if as having any part of their regular day-to-day lives They did not like to retain him in their thinking, right? They suppressed the truth of God in their unrighteousness Romans chapter 1 verse 18 Although they knew God Paul would say they did not glorify him as God Nor were they grateful Romans chapter 1 verse 21 They willfully refused to retain God in their thoughts Romans chapter 1 verse 28 That's a pretty good indication of exactly what's going on in Israel all these years earlier and listen You and I run the same the very same course When you start and end your day without giving the Lord a second thought Right the same course today, right when we when we live our lives without any consideration of The purpose for which we are to live our lives, right? We talked about it this morning in the sermon to the end of Our redemption is the glory of God. We were bought at a price Therefore we are to glorify God in our body in our spirit, which are God's we belong to him We are to retain him in our thinking we remember him we're to meditate on him meditate on his word He is to be the driving force behind all of our thoughts all of our actions These did not remember the Lord their God who had delivered them from their enemies They did not remember the Lord their God who had given them the land They did they're living in the land and they don't remember the Lord their God who gave that land to them They're dwelling in houses. They did not build right doesn't Moses say that under the law They did not remember the Lord their God who had given them food to eat a roof over their heads air to breathe clothes on their backs This is the fruit the bitter fruit of Faithlessness Faithlessness When you put your faith and trust in the Lord Jesus Christ you're committing To follow him. You're saying I entrust all that I am To all that he is I'm entrusting myself to him. I am a Disciple of the Lord Jesus Christ. I'm a learning Follower. I'm an apprentice if you will of the Lord Jesus Christ. I'm going to trust him with my very Existence and that means following him hearing him heeding his word. It's a Faithfulness a devotion a fidelity to the Lord Jesus Christ That's faithfulness They are not even retaining the Lord their God in their thinking and this is faithlessness and when we don't Remember him we bear the bitter fruit of our faithlessness So what is the fruit of that faithlessness? What's the fruit? Well? As soon as getting was dead The children of Israel again played the harlot with the bales It is a slippery swift slope to apostasy a Life of Faithlessness a life of forgetting the Lord your God will lead to apostasy. It will lead to idolatry They became feudal in their thoughts their foolish hearts were darkened Romans chapter 1 verse 21 professing to be wise they became fools and they exchange the glory of the incorruptible God for an image made like Corruptible man Romans chapter 1 verse 23 they exchange the truth of God for the lie And listen When you are not clinging to Christ in faith when you're not clinging to his word through faith in Christ then you are in Some form to some degree Exchanging the truth of God for the lie with the lie. I'm secure without him. I'm safe without him I don't need him. I can live my life for himself. I'll just call upon him when I need him They exchange the truth of God for the lie, this is the bitter fruit of faithlessness Therefore therefore God gave them up to the fruits of their faithlessness Proverbs chapter 1 verse 29 wisdom cries allowed to the people Because they hated knowledge and did not choose the fear of the Lord They would have none of my counsel and despised my every rebuke therefore They shall eat the fruit of their own way and be filled to the full with their own fancies Someone who is faithless. That sounds pretty good. I'll not have that mandrel over me I'd like to eat the fruit of my own fancies for a while They may say but listen the proverb says because they hated knowledge They did not choose the fear of the Lord. They would have none of his counsel They despised as every correction is every rebuke and so they shall eat the fruit of their own way They'll be filled to the full with their own fancies. God will give them over Romans chapter 1 gives them over to a debased mind, right? Well the fruit of their own Fancy would be the wicked king of Shechem the son of Gideon and his Shechemite concubine of Bimelech the bramble king and the nation now under a Bimelech has essentially become Canaanized entirely cananized. They've turned to harlotry with the bales Now even a genuine Christian even a genuine Christian is prone to wander in the flesh, right? To leave the God they love as the hymn says In doing so we face the bitter fruit of our own faithlessness. God doesn't Simply miraculously Rapture you out of circumstances that you have sinned your way into Neglect his wisdom in your own life and you will eat the fruit of your own way You'll be filled to the full with your own fancies of those who put their faith in him Solomon tells us dwell safely Now we'll see throughout our texts the ongoing faithfulness of God His steadfast loving kindness in the face of the faithfulness of his people and we see the bitter fruit of their faithfulness From three perspectives in our text first We have an enemy from within verses 1 through 6 Second there's a curse from without verses 7 through 21 Lastly a judgment of fire that we'll see next Lord's Day Lord willing verses 22 through 57 and we begin With the enemy from within verse 1 the rise of a bimelech look at verse 1 with me Then a bimelech the son of Jerobail went to Shechem to his mother's brothers and spoke with him This is a bimelech's family With all the family of the house of his mother's father and he said this to them verse 2 Please speak in the hearing of all the men of Shechem Which is better for you that all 70 of the sons of Jerobail ran over you or that one ran over you and listen Why you're thinking about it. Remember that I am your own flesh and bone now Israel Israel's not dealing now with Midian They're not dealing with Moab or Ammon They're dealing with enemy an enemy that is now far closer to home This is one frankly of their own a bimelech the son of Gideon and his Shechemite concubine The son with the name meaning my father is king now plans to carve out a kingdom for himself And he's gonna carve out a kingdom of his own Making within the borders of Israel a bimelech wants to be king and he wants to be king of Shechem so The highly ambitious now the highly treacherous a Bimelech goes to Shechem We'll see how treacherous he is as he hatches this plan to snatch a kingdom for himself in Shechem this will be no easy task, right? He's got to be crafty About this he's got to be shrewd. He must carefully plan his wickedness first He has to deal with family on his mother's side that live in Shechem Secondly, he then has to deal with family on his father's side Again, this is a bimelech not giving any creed whatsoever to the word of God not considering the Lord at all in this This is strictly his personal ambition his personal goal his personal aim his personal agenda And he in doing all of this he's gonna have to leverage one against the other He's gonna have to leverage family on his mother's side Against family on his father's side, and he'll have to exploit the both of them for his own Advantage and you know what a bimelech says to himself. Yeah, that's worth it I like the thought of all the wickedness that has to be piled up in consecutive order for a bimelech to pull this off doesn't even really cross his mind Right. He's hatching the plan. He doesn't stop to think about the level of wickedness and People can get that way, right? They see something before them that they want and They grasp for it without thinking of what it takes to get it who they have to Betray how many lies they have to tell what they have to sacrifice in order to get the thing that they want That's the textbook definition of covetousness, which Paul says is idolatry now Bimelech says to his relatives on his mother's side, you know take this down guys I'm gonna dictate a message to you want you to write it down and he dictates them exactly what they're to say to all the men of Shechem now men here men of Shechem literally means landowners lords and masters These are leaders in Shechem men with influence in Shechem in other words He goes straight to those people who have a vested interest in what happens and he doesn't go himself What does he do? He tells his family who live there. They know these men and he sends his family his brothers as spokesmen for him again pretty shrewd here by a bimelech These people these lords masters landowners leaders in Shechem have a lot to lose So he appeals to them based entirely upon their own personal self interest Listen, he says to them. What's going to go better for you? right the 70 sons of gideon Ruling over you and listen. You don't know what you're going to get. There's 70 of them or me One ruler, you know, I'm your from your family. I'm your own flesh your own bone, right? He appeals to them on the fact that one is better than many and your own blood better than a stranger verse 3 In his mother's brothers spoke all these words concerning him in the hearing of all the men of Shechem And their heart was inclined to follow a bimelech for he said for they said he is our brother Wow You chalk one up to a bimelech first success He successfully dealt with his mother's side of the family the men of Shechem have agreed that they would bring about The rule of a bimelech in Shechem Now what's the second step in this master plan that he's hatched? He has to put down any threat to his rule By dealing with his father's side of the family He has to deal with his brothers and this will be So much worse A way that a bimelech decides to do that and listen by this point people in Shechem know the plan A bimelech's lust a bimelech's covetousness his idolatry knows no bounds here So verse 4 They gave him 70 shekels of silver from the temple of Baal Barrett With which a bimelech hired worthless and reckless men and they followed him They gave a bimelech one shekel one shekel For every brother He would have to murder In order to bring about his wicked self-absorbed selfish self-interested plan Think about that for a moment, right? Look how cheap How valueless How worthless Even the lives of other people are held in your esteem When they stand in your face or stand in the way of what you want Listen, uh, we may look at a story like this and say Well, this is over the top right over the top that a bimelech would act this way But we have to be really honest with ourselves That apart from the work of god's spirit within us Apart from the redeeming work of the lord jesus christ apart from faith apart from god Working innocent through us for his his good pleasure there, but by the grace of god go i The seeds of this kind of self Absorbed self interested selfishness Exists within us A bimelech says this is what i want And to hell with you if you stand in my way It's essentially what a bimelech is saying. It's amazing, isn't it? Family honor Love integrity care compassion none of it matters This is the heart of a selfish person selfishness They paid the price 70 shekels of silver what a you know the the price of um Female slave i think was 30 shekels of silver the price of a male slave in israel was 50 shekels of silver one Female slave 30 shekels one male slave 50 shekels and here's 70 shekels for the death the murder of the 70 sons of gideon From the temple coffers of bail barrett Bail barrett they're meaning is word meaning The temple of those in covenant with bail they have a covenant with bale.  I'm not really interested in following the lord. I'm just gonna Pretend over here in the corner and what ends up happening someone else who's faithless weak and not really finding the lord Gravitates Weaves their way through a crowd and somehow finds that one and they become best buddies and they begin to hang out together And then another one comes in another very soon. You've got a clique People hanging out who aren't really following the lord.  You don't want to be reckless. You don't want to be worthless You don't want to be ungodly So if you don't want to be influenced that way get out of that group You need to spend your time with people who are fervently and faithfully serving the lord Mature brothers and sisters who can help you grow Spend your time with genuine christians who love the lord let them influence you bad company paul says corrupts Good morals. There's nowhere in the bible that flips that around Bad company corrupts good morals You know, we need another proverbs one reference. Let's let's listen to another one proverbs 1 verse 10 my son If sinners entice you Do not consent If they say come with us Let us lie and wait to shed blood.  Let us swallow them alive like shield and whole like those who go down into the pit We shall find all kinds of precious possessions. We shall fill our houses with spoil Cast in your lot among us. Let us all have one purse How long is that gonna last My son do not walk in the way with them. Keep your foot from their path For their feet run to evil and they make haste to shed blood Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of any bird But they lie and wait for their own blood. They lurk secretly for their own lives and they don't know it So are the ways of everyone who is greedy for gain. It takes away the life of its owners Bad company ruins good morals and listen, you'll lose your life You'll lose your life You may become apostate Now we all think we're all We're self-confident sometimes when it comes to these things. Ah, it's not gonna happen to me there But by the grace of god go I let him who thinks he stands take heed lest he falls He who walks with wise men will be wise, but the companion of fools will be destroyed That's wisdom from the bible Now let's make good application here And thinking about these things and thinking about these worthless buddies of abimelech It's not likely that you may fall in With murderers and thugs in our day although Although there have been some who have fallen in with murderers and thugs when they depart the living god The people today Will set out to destroy your character They may not destroy your possessions or destroy your life, but they'll certainly do whatever they can to destroy your character Remember the prophet Jeremiah. This is essentially what happened to Jeremiah when Jeremiah takes a stand for righteousness What happens to Jeremiah? Jeremiah chapter 18. God said To Jeremiah speak to the men of Judah Jeremiah return now everyone from his evil way Jeremiah is taking a stand for righteousness Make your ways and your doings good so What to the what do the empty? Worthless reckless people say in response to Jeremiah They say Jeremiah 18 that is hopeless. They say Faithlessness. Do you see entirely faithless? That's hopeless.  And so they said to themselves come Let us devise plans against Jeremiah For the law shall not perish from the priest nor the counsel from the wise nor the word from the prophet Nothing bad is going to happen here. Come let us attack him with the tongue and let us not give heed to any of his words What do they do? rather than Following the lord rather than trusting the lord rather than loving their brother rather rather than heeding the word of god Rather than pursuing righteousness rather than standing for holiness They attack Jeremiah They attempt to destroy his character with their tongue And they refuse to heed any of his words And Jeremiah said that they dug a pit for his life When in reality proverbs chapter one they dig a pit for their own right They dig a pit for their own it takes away the life of its owners There's usually An abimelech that will lead this godless effort.   This is the work of god God hid one son of the 70 of Jerobail He hid him Verse six and all the men of shechem gathered together all of Bethmelo And they went and made abimelech king beside the terebin tree at the pillar that was in shechem that pagan pillar They killed all of the brothers except one and all on one stone, which means all on one chopping block Right all on one chopping block now if you think about that for a moment That means they didn't go into battle They didn't slay them with a sword in a big fight You know going around and all the men fighting and they slayed him with a sword that way no nope It means that they rounded them up One by one It means they bound them one by one And they took them one by one to the stone And they murdered each one one at a time on the stone. That's what that means This was a calculated cold brutal heartless soulless act of wickedness Something that empty men May often do with their words. You see the same seed the seed of that depraved Act wicked men often do with their own words. They wouldn't get away With murdering you in our day like that This is a wicked Calculated heartless Loveless act on the part of abimelech in his worthless buddies This all took place with the approval of the men at shechem Then they made abimelech king It's amazing, isn't it? incidentally and interestingly the place where the inheritance generation of israelites under joshua Gathered together and presented themselves before god To make a vow and an oath to follow the lord god of israel They renewed the covenant in shechem This is the same place look quickly at joshua joshua chapter 24 a few pages back to the left joshua 24 Look there beginning at verse one same place verse one and joshua Gather all the tribes of israel to shechem here it is And called for the elders of israel for their heads for their judges for their officers And they presented themselves before god joshua said to all the people thus says says the lord god of israel Your fathers including terra the father of abraham and the father of nahore Dwelled on the other side of the river in old times And they served other gods Then i took Look at what the lord god does right how gracious How good Then i took your father abraham from the other side of the river Led him throughout all the land of kanan multiplied his descendants and gave him isaac all With steadfast Faithfulness to the covenant that he had made with abraham right god keeping his word he begins in this To recount the goodness the covenant keeping love the covenant keeping faithfulness of god He says in verse four to isaac i gave jacob and isaac to isaac i gave the mountains of seer to possess But jacob and his children went down to egypt Also i sent moses and erin And i plagued egypt according to what i did among them Afterward i brought you out right i am the lord your god who delivered you out of the hand of egypt right Amazing faithfulness amazing love He continues in verse 14 now therefore Fear the lord And listen serve him in sincerity and in truth And put away the gods which your father served on the other side of the river and in egypt serve the lord Well the people there at shechem and joshua 24 took a vow To serve the lord joshua In shechem even set up a memorial stone As a witness to their oath so that when they denied the lord that memorial stone would witness against them There's a stone in shechem to this very day in judges chapter nine That is a witness to that oath the bones of joseph Were brought out of egypt and buried there at shechem remember joseph made them promise that they would do that So there's a lot of history With god the covenant keeping god of israel yahweh. There's a lot of history with god in that town in shechem They may not have retained god in their thinking, but they knew Who the lord was they knew what the lord had done for them They knew what the lord expected of them. They have a memorial stone set up in shechem They knew the vow that that inheritance generation made there in that city And yet the children of israel it is said of them that they did not remember the lord their god amazing right this self willed forgetfulness And now think of it now Shechem is the center of bale worship And home to a usurper king Israel has become canonized many Many disregard their past They forget what the lord has done for them. They ignore what the lord has done for again They neglect all the good that the lord has shown to them It's amazing to me. We've known many for whatever reason one reason or another have left This church or left good sound theology left brothers and sisters who Labored to love them and disciple them and instruct them and correct them and encourage them and love them some more Right, they left leave all that and they go off To who knows where and then you hear later on that uh, you know They've become entirely apostate or they're no longer serving the lord anymore. They're no longer going to a church They've been out for four years and they still haven't found a church to go to they you know sit in their Living room and watch some service on tv on sunday morning Oh, you're not here that they're a modalist now or they're they've plunge themselves into Charismania they've become a charismatic right it just Happens all the time and we somehow think in our pride that it can't happen to us We need God's word we need god's people we need god's spirit We need to hold fast to faithfulness. We need this And they are eating the fruit of their own way filled to the full with their own fancy the bitter fruit of their faithlessness My how far israel now has fallen once those who professed another lord once they willfully turned from him Once they returned to their own vomit returned to living for themselves their own agenda That slippery pathway always leads to more and more degeneracy and depravity There must be repentance Before it's too late. There must be a return To your first love There must be repentance. Well abominable abominable lack in his brainless buddies. They missed one. They didn't get all 70 And this one would become a spokesperson for the lord verse 5 Jotham the youngest son of jarobel was left Because he hid himself god's word will not be silenced God preserves for himself a witness For they're good for his glory when they told jotham that abimelech had been made king of shechem verse 7 He went and stood on top of mount garazine and he lifted his voice and he cried out now If you remember from deuteronomy 27 garazine and ebel Were the mountains of blessing and cursing right split up israel put half on mount garazine half on mount ebel They would cry out across the valley blessings and cursing garazine Was the mountain of blessing It's interesting that jotham went there They stood on mount garazine to bless the people so jotham takes a deep breath He's on mount garazine the mount of blessing and uses his best open-air preaching voice and he said to them Listen to me you men of shechem that god may listen to you That god may listen to you in other words From the mountain of blessing Jotham calls them to repentance There's time For repentance. There's time for blessing. It's not too late to turn back to the lord This is the lord calling them to consider their ways God is faithful Even when we are faithless God is so faithful to do this. He'll remember his covenant even when you forget him Turn to him in repentance and faith, right? This is the patience of god God could have sent jotham to mount ebel to the mount of cursing Pronounced judgment upon them and then rained down fire from heaven. God doesn't do that He sends him to mount garazine and pronounces Or proclaims the word of god calls them to repentance So jotham tells them a fable verse eight The trees once went forth to anoint a king over them. They said to the olive tree Rain over us The olive tree said to them should I cease giving my oil? With which they honor god and men and go sway over trees So all the trees then said to the fig tree you come and rain over as fig tree The fig tree said to them Should I cease my sweetness my good fruit to go and sway over trees? So the trees then went to the vine and said you come and rain over us But the vine said to them should I cease my new wine which cheers both god and men and go sway over trees Strike three right so they go to then all the trees to the bramble verse 14 and said to the bramble You come and rain over us The bramble said to the trees if in truth you anoint me as king over you Then come take shelter in my shade But if not let fire come out of the bramble and devour the cedars of lebanon these cedars of lebanon were these massive majestic trees And the fire that comes out of this bramble would consume all the trees even these giant majestic cedars of lebanon So the trees Have decided that they need a king to rule over them Trees go to three particular trees Who happen to be wise? sensible trees The olive the fig and the vine And the trees ask them to rain over them But each of these surprisingly wise trees are entirely content With their proper purpose their content with what they are supposed to do They have a certain usefulness to fulfill in the order of things They embrace their role that they've been given as trees. They don't seek to be exalted They seek to fulfill their calling that they've been given as trees So they're not selfish. They're not self-absorbed. They're not pridefully ambitious. They're not covetous They are content. Do you see how contentment leads to wisdom contentment leads to You embracing your role and Uh in the lord rejoicing in that role but There's a fourth so-called tree a selfish self-absorbed pridefully ambitious self-involved bramble Now bramble is worthless Absolutely worthless a brand bramble produces No shade and yet he says to the other trees come and you know take shelter in my shade A bramble produces absolutely no fruit a bramble is a result of the fall It's thorns and thistles You will bring forth for me the curse says a bramble is like a thorn bush a briar Absolutely nothing whatsoever to contribute in fact A bramble is simply known for nothing else but Blowing around in the wind Catching fire and burning stuff down.  So jotham then interprets the story for them verse 16 now therefore Listen to this if you have acted in truth and sincerity Does that sound familiar? Where have we heard that before? We heard that in the covenant renewal ceremony with joshua and the children of israel at shechem When they made a vow to serve the lord serve the lord in truth and sincerity If you've acted in truth and sincerity and making a bimolec king And if you've dealt with jero bail in his house and have done to him as he deserves For my father fought for you. He risked his life and delivered you out of the hand of midian But you have risen up against my father's house this day killed his 70 sons on one stone And made a bimolec the son of his female servant king over the men of shechem because he's your brother If then you have acted here it is again in truth and sincerity With jero bail and with his house this day Then rejoice in a bimolec let him also rejoice in you But if not and they know they haven't Then let fire come from a bimolec and devour the men of shechem and beth millow And let fire come from the men of shechem and from beth millow and devour devour a bimolec let them destroy themselves Jotham ran away and fled He went to beer dwelt there for fear of a bimolec his brother There was no standing in the back of the church shaking hands after service, right? He bolted Because he feared a bimolec his brother In truth and in sincerity fear the lord Serve him in sincerity and in truth put away your idols We'll see in the rest of the chapter how this ultimatum comes to pass but first I can't help but uh to notice here the parallels between a bimolec And most of those who sees power for themselves in our own day Let me think about that and meditate on the text You see the fruit of this this bitter fruit of faithlessness. You see it in our own politics today It's worth mentioning for that reason Many in power today pursue power for ungodly personal gain For their own ambition. They're often prideful. They're often narcissistic disguising self-service in a cloak of Serving others or in serving country or in serving the community when in reality. They are serving themselves often thieves And derelicts that thirst after the praise of men and not the praise of gone And in order to ascend to power they're In their minds forced to lie and make promises that they can't keep It's become axiomatic of politicians today that they don't keep their promises Is the politicians mouth moving that means he's lying, right? It's like I don't mean to say that that is every one of them, but that is a common experience today in our own politics They are a bimolec And the shechemites Are only too willing to put them into power The church is to be Salt and light to this government, right? We're to through the proclamation of the gospel Call to light These ungodly usurpers and their ungodly ways God puts governments in place, but God intends governments to rule with justice In truth and in sincerity Like john the baptist in luke chapter 3 verse 19 John the baptist stood against herod he rebuked herod for Herodias his brother's philips wife and for all the other evils it says there that herod herod had done And with that we have that example for the church the church should be an outspoken Rebuke an outspoken correction To the evils that we see in our government now. We honor the governing authorities We should pray for them We should obey the governing authorities the scriptures are very clear And we should care for them and pray for those in authority Over us, but we as the church must take a stand for righteousness When we have opportunity to take a stand for righteousness and we can't merely be Meek and mild and dripping with hand lotion, right? It's like a It Requires that we take a stand for righteousness. There will come a point in time. It's already it's already beginning to happen it's already beginning to happen Where the governments of this world our government government in particular those in charge will labor With all of the power that they have with them By virtue of their office they will labor to drive Christians into the darkness Drive Christians into the confines of the four walls of the church. They will drive Christian conversation. They will drive the proclamation of the gospel inside We must take a stand for righteousness. We must obey god rather than men We must take a stand when government encroaches Past its god-given authority as we see even now in our circumstances that happening to some degree or another The lord Rich in mercy abounding in grace The lord kept a son hidden I love that He kept the son hidden for this reason for the proclamation of the gospel He will cast down the lord will cast down all Abimelecs and he will cast down All of their kingdoms revelation chapter 11 the kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms kingdoms of our god and of his christ And he will reign over the house of jacob forever and of his kingdom. There will be no end The enemy thought That he had killed him thought that he had got them all Time and time and time and time and time again. He tried But he couldn't until Until when the fullness of time had come god sent forth that son To preach from the mount of blessing repentance from sin and faith in the one who saves sinners There's a curse if you do not Anyone who does not abide in him He has cast out as a branch and is withered And the reapers gather those dry withered Fruitless bramble branches and throw them into the fire and they are burned. It's the bitter fruit of faithlessness A praise god for the provision in christ that he's made for our sin If we will put our faith and trust in him amen I mean let's pray Father in heaven, thank you for your word Thank you for these lessons that you've taught us. Thank you lord for Loving us in christ Thank you lord for the provision that you've made for our sin. Thank you lord jesus christ for the sacrifice of your own life The shedding of your own blood on calvary for sinners. Thank you for Making atonement for us Thank you for redeeming us Thank you lord that it's not by works of righteousness which we we have done But by faith in the lord jesus christ by his righteousness we can be saved Declared righteous forgiven of our sin justified And stand before god in the presence of god We love you. We thank you for this glorious salvation lord help us by your spirit to live faithfully for you Help us to cling to you Heating the warnings given here of abimelech and his faithless buddies We thank you for this time together in jesus name amen


Bill Noves has supported independent tech news directly for five years. Be like Bill, become a DTNS member at patreon.com slash DTNS. This is the Daily Tech News for Tuesday, April 9th, 2019 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Feline, I'm Sarah Lane. And from the shores of Finland where it's late and I'm tired, I'm Patrick Bejo. And on the safety of dry land, I'm the show's producer, Roger Cheng. We're going to start practicing the intros, guys. Come on. Snap, snap. Let's get through that. We got robots. We got AI. We have crypto, Firefox, Apple rumors, 3D printed robots, drone delivery of golf clubs. It's all in today's show. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. We got a lot of cloud announcements from the Google Cloud Next conference. Launching out of beta is Anthos, Google's platform for managing hybrid clouds that combine local data centers with Google Cloud but can also run on AWS and Azure. Google also signed partnerships with seven open source companies and announced new regions in both Salt Lake City and Seoul, South Korea. Dropbox unveiled a feature that lets businesses, users work with Google Docs, Sheets and Slides without having to leave Dropbox. And in non-Google Cloud News, Slack announced new integrations with Microsoft Office 365, including a new Outlook calendar and a mail app and an updated OneDrive app and Office file previews within Slack. At its AI day, Qualcomm announced the Snapdragon 665, 730 and 730G chips. The Snapdragon 730 gets the computer vision processor that allows for 4K HDR with portrait mode and depth sensing at 60fps. The Snapdragon 730G now has 15% faster graphics rendering, allowing for HDR content. And the Snapdragon 665 has telephoto, wide-angle, and super wide-angle cameras, supports 4K video at 30fps, depth sensing, and 3D face unlock. All three chips will come to devices by mid-2019. Butter cut the number of accounts that users can follow from 1,000 per day to 400 in an effort to prevent spammers from following then unfollowing accounts in a bulk aggressive or indiscriminate manner, which is against Twitter rules, but still happens. Twitter also recently updated its reporting tools to let users report spam, like fake accounts, and added new security measures around account verification and sign-up. Firefox is adding crypto mining and fingerprinting blocks to the beta and nightly versions of Firefox and it should arrive in the stable version in three weeks. Crypto mining is where a site possibly, without your knowledge, loads code into your browser that mines cryptocurrency. You might want to know about that ahead of time. Fingerprinting is using data about your browser, fonts, OS, and other details to try to track you. So Firefox is using scripts from the folks at disconnect.me to block both types of content. All right, let's talk about those Apple predictions. I would call them. Ming-Chi Kuo's got a pretty good track record on this stuff. What does he say, Patrick? Well, he is saying that he believes Apple will launch a 31.6-inch 6K external display in the second or third quarter of this year, 2019, with a mini-LED backlight. We might see it announced at WWDC on June 3rd. Kuo also thinks Apple may launch a new iPad, a new MacBook, with mini-LED displays by late 2020 or 2021. Kuo says the mini-LED iPad will have a 10 to 12-inch screen and the mini-LED MacBook would be around 15 to 17 inches, likely a MacBook Pro mini-LED screen panels will allow, I'm sorry, likely a MacBook Pro mini-LED screen panels allow richer colors, higher contracts, contrast. That's easy to say, ratios and use thinner panels that use less power. Of all of these, you know, supposed, these aren't announcements. This is just something that, yes, like you mentioned, Tom, Ming-Chi Kuo has a great track record, so you want to take this sort of stuff seriously. What jumped out to me the most is like 17-inch MacBook Pro? Really? Because I have an old 17-inch MacBook Pro, and it's massive. I didn't think that Apple was doing that form factor anymore. Well, they might not be. I mean, he has a good track record, but it says, you know, do you say mini-LED like OLED? I never thought about that. I guess that makes sense. I've been saying mini-LED, but that just seems wasteful, now that I think about it. Anyway, a MacBook with mini-LEDs or mini-LEDs. Give yourself two syllables. Would be around 15 to 17 inches, could be 16 inches, which would be a really weird one. Well, that was actually his initial prediction from a few months ago that he's now revising, and that was supposed to be coming a little bit earlier than his current prediction. I think it's interesting because they would be remaking the form factor and the design, which might mean a different type of keyboard. They keep having issues with the butterfly design for the keys. Maybe they'll, I guess they still want them to have it super thin, but a new type of butterfly keys. I think the most likely thing out of all of this is the 31.6 and 6K display coming in Q3. We'll probably hear about that at WWDC, like you said. The rest of this is longer term. Longer term is always harder to predict. The idea that maybe they would get a keyboard, by the way, not something Minji Kuo said. Those were the hopeful words that I also support from Patrick Beja. Or is it a new keyboard? You got to credit Patrick Beja with getting that one right, is what I'm trying to say. I know we all dabble in video editing, and certainly we're all in the same line of work, but when I look at 31.6 inch, 6K external display, obviously I don't know what the price is yet. I'm going to guess it's going to be on the high end of any monitor, but I understand that if you're a professional, this would be potentially an amazing purchase. For me right now, I mean, I've got a 28-inch monitor, and like, it's big. It's big. It's too much. It's lovely, but I don't need anything bigger, and I don't know why I would need 6K, but again, that's just my feeling eyes. All right, moving on to Facebook. Facebook first shared its work on AI mapping. Back in 2016, when the company started creating population density maps, went through about 22 nations. Today, the company shared new progress that covers what it says is the majority of the continent of Africa, and the company also says it will strive to cover nearly the whole world's population going down the road. Data from open street maps is used to train a computer vision system to recognize buildings in satellite imagery. That's how you can kind of tell population density. There's a lot of moving parts here. Then engineers at Facebook use this to remove available satellite data that showed unoccupied land where people don't live. Facebook verified the work with researchers from the Center for International Earth Science Information Network at Columbia University, and the maps will be released for free to anyone for use. That's important because this is not Facebook hoarding maps for its own use. They're making them for public use. They'll be open for people to use, and they are promoting them as being helpful in disaster relief, which they absolutely would, or perhaps in vaccinations, or fighting the bully outbreaks, things like that. By knowing where the population densities are, that can be extremely helpful in situations. In fact, the previous maps that Facebook has made have been used in the United States. They are also good for Facebook to figure out where they could roll out their internet from the air or any other kind of internet connectivity to underserved areas where they can then try to get people to start using Facebook. And I think that's how the world has changed since the good old days of 2016, because the first thing that comes to your mind in 2016 when Facebook is doing that is, oh, they have lots of information using AI to make sense of it and helping disaster relief through density maps. Excellent. This is really cool. This is cool tech. Today, you hear that story. Of course, the substance of it is still the same, but I think what a lot of people get is, oh, wait, Facebook is using AI to know where people are and making maps of the world? This is worrisome, and I don't know how to feel about it. I certainly had a little bit of a tingly feeling of, I'm not sure if that's a good thing or not before I delve a little bit deeper in the story. Well, but the fact that Facebook wants to bring Facebook to any living human, if at all possible, I can't imagine you're really surprised by something like this, Patrick. No, of course not. I don't think that's the thing that is... I don't think it's a rational feeling. It's just the aura of Facebook today is very different from the one three or four years ago, and when you hear about the things they can do with all the data they have, you immediately think, or at least I did, my mind went to is that the good or bad thing hedging on maybe bad? And then I have to rationalize it and think about what it actually means, but it's a very different reaction from, I think, what many people had four years ago. And I think it's a good check on yourself to not assume something is bad just because you hear one single word like Facebook. You need to evaluate the stuff on the merits, and I think there is a lot of good in this, and it does not seem to violate data privacy. It's using available satellite imagery to create something that is free for everyone to use. I would even go so far as to say this is absolutely a good thing. It's just that the initial reaction has changed a lot. Yeah. A robot developed at UC Berkeley called Blue aims to make robots less expensive and safer to work with. Blue has two humanoid arms with pincers at the end, which can be controlled using VR hand controllers. They use HTC Vive controllers, not the headset, just the controllers, or they can be trained using reinforcement learning. It's parts are 3D printed that keeps the cost down has a central vision module and depth sensing camera so it can sense and react to its environment. Its arms are controlled by motors with rubber bands that give it a little more flexibility. And it doesn't have the submillimeter control of a current factory robot, but it can adapt to its conditions. That makes it more flexible in what it can do, what it can learn to do, and it makes it safer because it's not always doing the exact same thing every time, no matter whether a human's in its way or not. It can learn to back off if it runs into somebody. Blue cost about $3,000 in parts to make, and the team expects it to sell for around $5,000. Rethink had a similar concept in its Baxter and Sawyer robots that shut down in 2018. So some people are skeptical whether Blue can make it work. And another similar Danish company called Universal Robotics is still in business, but they're doing things a little bit differently. Blue seems to be the latest in an attempt to say, let's make an accessible, affordable robot that can be used in a lot more situations than just really capital intensive factories. And they give it hands, which is probably a good way of making sure it's in the hands of the pincers. You know, the pincers in the hands are not the new part of this, right? Well, I mean, two hands and cheap. They're robots that look exactly like that, but they just do submillimeter precision. So they're like, I can do one thing and one thing only. And if anything gets in my way, I'm going to keep doing it. And the thing with this is it can do a lot of different things. You can train it very easily. It costs a lot less. And if it runs into somebody, it can back off go, whoa, or even see somebody coming and not and cause fewer accidents. Whenever I hear stories like this, I go, okay, well, this is out of my price range, but this is also not really for me, you know, having my little friendly robot in the home. However, prices are coming down and robots are getting better. So in my mind, I immediately go to, well, the Roomba was a really great purchase for lots of folks. It's like, yeah, it's a, you know, it's a smart vacuum cleaner, right? But there are lots of limitations to that.  And if the price comes down just a little bit more, it becomes something that I would take seriously. Yeah, it's a great point because down the road, we might benefit from this in our homes the way an Apple II wasn't something that everybody put in their homes, but enough people did and small businesses use them that it paved the way for cheaper computers and now we all carry supercomputers in our pockets. So this, you know, this, I'm not saying blue is the Apple II of robots, although I did see that headline today, but it is the kind of thing that you need to catch on for that to happen. And this is going to be great for smaller businesses that couldn't afford those $100,000 robots on the factory line that were less flexible and less capable. So I think it's a pretty big advancement. Also, you're underestimating the fact that it has hands. I mean, I've forgotten. It has pincers, right? Don't forget. Tom, very, very smart hands with pincers. Alphabet's wing has received approval from Australia's CASA to begin using UAVs to make deliveries to a limited number of eligible homes in the suburbs north of Canberra, Australia. Wing has tested the service 3,000 times over the past 18 months in a different suburb called Bonifin. Deliveries may include food, coffee, and over-the-counter items from Kickstart Expresso. I guess that's fast, Espresso. Capital chemist. So you can get your over-the-counter drugs like your aspirins and such. Pure gelato. You get a gelato delivered right to your house. Jasper and Myrtle Baker's Delight, Guzmini Gomez, and Drummond Golf. So if you need that five iron, you could just have it delivered right out to the green. Well, it's good to have it delivered to your home. But maybe something too. Better be a fast drone if you're sending me gelato, because I need it to be in a certain form when I get it. Great point. These drone deliveries will happen in minutes, they say. Yeah. It's interesting. I've read a little bit about the story and there are some local folks who complain about the noise of the drones, because they've been doing tests for about a year now. But besides that, it does sound like it has been an overall success. There haven't been security issues, there haven't been accidents, at least nothing that's been reported.  If you can, maybe not gelato, but if you can send me a burrito through the sky, I want that as well for my local neighborhood. It's fine. What do you like about this? About burrito deliveries? It's fine. It's okay. I think the thing I do like about it is, if it cuts down on vehicle travel, if delivering something, you know, if you don't need to send someone on a little scooter to deliver your whatever, gelato or burrito or other food item that ends in O, it's probably a good thing. It's a little bit faster, etc., all the benefits. I guess there are some areas where it's definitely a significant plus. But I don't know. I guess I'm in my grumpy old person mode today, because I read the story and you're like, it doesn't have hands. Yeah, it seems convenient. It'll keep scooters off the road. I hate it. We have drone delivery in operation in multiple parts of the world right now. This is just the latest one from Project Wing, Alphabet's company, making a little progress. So it's not even like that's new.  I get it. I think that's wider to get approval, by the way. Exactly. The test was a little loud. Yeah. I guess I'm grumpy today. I apologize. It's okay. Well, you don't play golf.  I get it, right? Yeah, doesn't need aspirin. You know what I love? I love 16k screens. And lucky for me at NAB in Las Vegas, Sony announced it is installing a 16k screen at the Shiseido Cosmetics Group Research Center in Yokohama, Japan. The screen is 19.2 meters long and 5.4 meters high. That's 63 by 17 feet and stretches between the first and second floors. It's the largest 16k TV of its kind yet. Sony previously installed 16k TVs at the Haneda Airport in 2014. Both installations are made of multiple panels, but the new one in Yokohama has no bezels, so viewers can't see any seams between the panels. The TV uses micro LEDs, similar to Samsung's The Wall. Yeah. So we've seen The Wall at CES for a couple CESes now. And that is one aspect of this. Not many, many LEDs, which we heard about are something coming sooner to smaller ones. Micro LEDs is what's used here. And I guess one of the reasons I wanted to include this story in the show at all was to kind of put on everybody's radar that while we don't even know what 8k would be good for yet, there is 16k being developed. And from what I can tell, it's impressive because you can walk right up to it, and it's like you're looking out a window. You don't see the pixels, which gives it sort of an illusion of depth that you don't get from a 4k screen. You get it a little bit from an 8k screen. Granted, if you're into cosmetics, go into the Shiseida Research Center is going to be fun anyways. So having a 16k screen up and down will give me something to do when Eileen and I visit Yokohama someday. But yeah, I think this is a milestone. It's not necessarily showing us what this is going to be good for. Yeah. And that's sort of my question is you're exactly right. If you're going to be at the Shiseida, whatever, and this is cosmetics, and it's makeup, and it's stuff that's very detailed, and colors are important. And if it looks good, it's going to be super impressive. Outside of kind of that shopping center world, where is this actually going to be going to be picked up? And I'm not saying it won't be, I'm just trying to think of where that would be besides something that's kind of flashy. Oh, big, splashy. Look at this car on this beautiful screen or someone's face done up nicely. Patrick, you were looking up resolutions for this before the show. Because Nick with the C asked the same question we were asking before the show, which is, is 16k just for 4k displays? The answer is no. No, it isn't. The number of k's, the k counts the number of lines. So you have to multiply by the other axis to get the actual resolution. So 4k is 4,000 lines, 16k is 16,000 lines, and you have a ton more pixels on the other axis. Resolution wise, 4k, there are a couple of different resolutions. You're looking at about nine megapixels. 16k, there are like 15 different resolutions that range from 60 or 70 megapixels to like 300. But on average, it's about 100. So you get from nine megapixels to 100 megapixels. That's a factor, and it's significant, but the screen size for that, I didn't do the exact calculations. But I'm guessing, given the gigantic humongousness of that screen is probably about the factor of 10 compared to, or maybe even more, compared to your 4k TV. So I'm guessing the effect is roughly the same if you count the pixel per inch as your 4k TV, depending on how close you are. So the difference is it's gigantic and it looks as good. Yeah, you can make it bigger and still have it maintain its sharpness. Roku announced new features in its 9.1 OS for boxes and TVs. Searches within genres will now be broken into further categories like new releases and free. Voice commands will include commands to turn captioning on and off and replay to go back a few seconds. And signing into your Roku account on a new device will also sign you in to participating apps like Hulu and Pandora. The update, rather, will start rolling out to Roku boxes in the next few weeks and come to Roku TVs in the early summer. I have some questions on how they are handling the single sign-in, which is important because they're passing along tokens, sign-in tokens, and that's important to get right. You can get it right. I'm not assuming they're getting it wrong, but I would like to know that somebody who knows this stuff has looked into that. That said, great feature when you set up a new Roku. You don't have to go in and sign into every single app again, which can be pretty daunting and annoying. I think the thing that's caught most people's eye here is what you said about the free category when you go into the various genre categories because most of the free stuff that you're seeing in these search results, at least in the mock-ups, is Roku's own channel, which has a bunch of free stuff in the Roku app. And Roku has often been seen as the most even playing ground. They were the one for the longest time that were the only place you could get everybody, except for the proprietary stores like Google Play or Apple iTunes, but you could get everything else on Roku and you couldn't get it on Android or Apple TV for a while. That's changed now. And it looks like Roku is trying to prioritize its own services because that's where it sees the growth in its money. I understand it's not the same thing, but is it in the same vein as Android TV adding a new channel that is essentially ads? No, that's a good point. It is not the same thing as that because what Roku is doing is saying, in our search results, we'll have a free stuff tier. Most of the free tier most people are going to have on the Roku is from the Roku channel because it's pre-installed, but it's not paid placement. Whereas the Android one, that's paid placement. That's on your home screen.  Although Roku does have ads on its splash screen when it goes to sleep. I guess when it goes to sleep is a different experience, but I guess they need to. The big question here is, is this designed really to put Roku stuff front and center or is it really to help the users find the free stuff more easily? In the second case, it makes sense. The answer is yes to both. Yeah. I think Roku knows that this will help users find stuff more easily and also help it the way that they're implementing. Yeah, and I don't really know what the incentive for Roku Roku to be at this point of being agnostic. We're for everybody. It's like, you got to have original content and it's apples and oranges a little bit when you compare Roku to other platforms that it is competing with on the hardware level, but there's almost no reason not to try. It's literally apples and rokers actually. That's true. Folks, if you want to get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes, be sure to subscribe to dailytechheadlines.com. Thanks to everybody who participates in our subreddit. You can submit stories and vote on them at dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. We're also on Facebook. We've got a group, facebook.com, slash groups, slash daily tech news show. Let us travel to Charles DeGaul airport. Why don't we with Chris Christensen, who's sharing some tech bits that keep him excited there? This is Chris Christensen from Amateur Traveler with another tech in travel minute. I am coming to you today from the Charles DeGaul airport and I'm thinking about airports. Charles DeGaul has not been my favorite, but there's a few technology things that have made me enjoy it more this trip. Not only is it linked via rail lines to the city and to via high speed trains to just about everywhere in France. It also had a mobile app that let me easily find out what terminal I needed to get to for which airline. And then when I got to the airline via a train from a local hotel that was just off of terminal three, I could go and use a touchscreen interface to quickly scroll through because I was three hours early to find the right flight to find out what I needed to check in. Charles DeGaul is still not my favorite, but technology is making it more so. What is your favorite technologically favorite airport? I'm Chris Christensen from Amateur Traveler. My favorite technological airport. Patrick, you fly in and out of that airport that he's mentioning, right? Yeah, it's so busy. I don't even have time to enjoy or not enjoy it. Paris is the most touristy city in the world, so it's just too many people. So it kind of discounts it from being my favorite immediately because there's so much stuff happening there. I have to say, Zoey Brings Bacon reminds me that when I was going through the Minneapolis Airport connecting flights one time, I was really impressed by the restaurant there that allowed you to order food on a touchscreen without talking to anybody. You just went into the restaurant, sat down, ordered your food, somebody brought it out to you. It was much faster. I had that experience in Houston recently coming back from Mexico City. Had a long enough layover to be able to enjoy a meal leisurely and I was floored. I had never seen anything so nice. Listen, we all enjoy not having to talk to anyone. So imagine the day that the hand-equipped robot will be the one to bring you your food. With pincers. Yes, well, it can still carry the plan. We're going to get to the point where we don't want to talk to the robots either. Will it come to Hanada, Incheon, or Narita first? That's my question. Good question. All right. Let's check out the mailbags. Let's do it. Seth wrote in about our conversation from yesterday. It was a conversation about Viber, but the idea of needing a phone number that is not necessarily your phone number that you might use on a regular basis for good reasons. Seth says, I'm from New England originally, but I've lived in LA for the past 12 years in an apartment. The issue I ran into was I wanted to keep my phone number and the apartment building's door buzzer worked by inputting a phone number to call didn't allow for area codes needing a local number for me to be contacted at. For a time, I used to use Google Voice to create a number which worked quite well. Unfortunately, I switched to Project Phi, which for technical reasons lost me that number. So now I'm using the Skype phone number that you can pay for. It's literally only used by my front doorbell allowing me to let delivery people in while I'm at work, but I don't give it out to anybody and I don't ever use it to make any calls. I'm going to price compare Skype against Viber to see if I can save a little, but just thought that this use case might add to the discussion. Yeah. So he never needs to call out. The whole thing with Viber is you can't call out on the number yet, they say eventually, but call in and if you just need it for a doorbell, I guess that would work. But then, I don't know, why would you? I've actually done this before with Google Voice back in the day, yeah, at an old apartment in San Francisco where I just, I had to give him a phone number and I was like, this is going to be problematic otherwise. So yes, I'm with you, Seth. Pretty niche, but useful for those who need it. And then Natalie wrote in and said, hello all listening to episode 3505 reminded me of my most memorable experience with USBs and corrupted files. In my freshman year of high school, I was studying for an FFA floral competition that required memorizing around 40 or more plants in a couple of months. In preparation, I used the computer in the classroom to save a bunch of images and some PowerPoints to my very first USB drive. I brought it home to study for the weekend into my horror. Every single file was corrupted. I resorted to image searching on our super slow connection at home until I gave up and waited until Monday. Our group ended up getting second place.   Thank you, Natalie. Now, the new thing is, we mentioned this yesterday, but if you missed it in Windows 10, now you can pull out the drive without ejecting it first. They've made it so that won't cause these problems. But we had asked Vlad Savov had asked who has had a problem in the past. And we got a number of emails from people who, in fact, have had problems. Natalie was one of them. So thank you, Natalie and everyone else. Absolutely. And thanks to Patrick Beja for being with us this fine Tuesday evening. Patrick, where can people keep up with what all cool things you're doing? I don't know why I said it that way, but whatever. They can do a couple of things. They can subscribe to MVGB, the monthly video game briefing. If you enjoy gaming, but you're not a hardcore gamer, Scott Johnson, who will be here tomorrow, I believe. And myself do a monthly brief where we tell you what you need to know. And you can also go to Frenchspin.com, where I host my podcasts. One is Pixels about gaming for more hardcore gamers and the Phineas Club, where we talk about the world and what is happening in it, often in alarming, but also enjoyable ways. That's Frenchspin.com. Folks, if you like hanging out with me and Sarah and Roger and Patrick and friends, there is more that you can hang out with us at a show called Good Day Internet. It is an extended show that includes Daily Tech News Show within it. But it has us chatting before the show, extending the conversation after the show. Sometimes it's more about the topics that we talk about in the show. Sometimes it's just us talking about some of our favorite things. We often get into etymology somehow. And the only way to get Good Day Internet is to subscribe to it through the RSS feed in our Patreon at patreon.com. If you've got feedback, our email address is feedback at dailytechnewshow.com. Keep that feedback coming. We sure love to have it. We're also live Monday through Friday at 4.30 p.m. Eastern 2030 UTC. Find out more at dailytechnewshow.com. Back tomorrow with Scott Johnson. Talk to you then. Good night, Rob. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at frogpants.com. It is hot in the studio today. Goodness. Really? Well, it's actually cooler today than it was yesterday. Really? Oh, yeah. It is. It is heating up over on my side of town. You Westcoasters don't know cold. I know. No, we don't. We don't. It's true. We really don't. We don't claim to. I went to bed with the AC on last night. And I felt like I'm just burning money. But I was like, it feels so good. But it feels good, yeah. I did not have the AC on last night. You know how we're talking about these penguins that are dying because there isn't ice in the Antarctic? No relation. I'm just mentioning that. No, it's all those crypto miners. It's not me. Oh, right. Yes. Yeah. Talk about energy. I'm going to go. I will suggest however but does it? Oh, yes. But does it have hands? All right. Love you all. See you next week. Love you too, Patrick. See you. Bye. Patrick, he needed to sleep. He needs hands so he can feel complete. That's why he's so tired. He doesn't have any hands anymore. Imagine that. Everything is going to take so much longer. Yes, but does it have hands? I think it's a great Good Day Internet title, Roger. Yeah. For DTNS, the leading vote-getter to Biocau's consternation. And Biocau submitted this headline, but he's actively campaigning for people not to vote for it in the chat room, was, new update will Roku like a hurricane. Isn't that kind of long? It is a little long. Yeah. I like also you say LED. I say LED because when you write it, it doesn't work at all. Not in my airspace, Espresso or Espresso. You know what? They can send it out on that drone like piping hot. And then when it gets to you, it should be the perfect temperature to drink. Yeah. You mean the coffee? Sure. That's a very good point. Not sure where it came from, but it's still a good point. How about if we just limited it to Roku like a hurricane? You want to use that? Biocau will be very upset if you use that. I'll find Biocau. Why don't you put it in there? I think we're going to use it. Or you say LED. I say LED. I like both of those. Sarah, do you want to break the tie? I like the LED one. You say LED. Here I am. I'm going to say LED. Thank you like a hurricane. Quick, name the band. I put it in the title slot on line one. Scorpions. Yeah. I wanted to, Sarah. Oh, you didn't say Sarah. You just said name the band. You beat me. I would have gotten there eventually. And we were talking about Scorpion there, too. I don't have a family of Scorpions, by the way. If anyone's like, what's with her? I didn't do that. That's Scorpion, too. That's the last family I would ever adopt. We played Roku like a hurricane as part of our set when I was the drummer for Roadkill. For Roadkill? I mean, it's a great song. It was our light crowd pleaser because we mostly played Metallica and Ozzy. Black Sabbath or just Ozzy Ozzy? Yeah, Megadeth. Really? Yeah. A little play on Megadeth covers. Okay. I'm amazed you could still hear unless you played it like in a lower volume. What? Speak up, Roger. I just lip read what you say on the hangout. That's the only way I do it. You lip read? Yeah. Lip read. So the Scorpions had Roku like a hurricane, big song. Then they had that winds of change, which was the wall coming down, Berlin Wall. And did they have any other hits? I know they did. They had an earlier hit. What was it? Send Me an Angel is listed on the... That's not the Scorpions. No, it is the Scorpions, but it's not the one. It's not Send Me an Angel. No, that's not the song either. The Zoo. That was an early one. The Zoo, I don't know that one.  That was a big one. Oh, yeah. I liked that song.  Can't live without a finger. Yeah. Still loving you. That was another big one. Um, see? Knew it. All right. So we got a solid five from the Scorpions. Oh, yeah. You would know The Zoo if you heard it. It wasn't as big of a hit, though. Yeah. Raised on rock from 2010. Wow. That's still together. Trying to see if there was any early... Yeah. Still loving you. They started in 77. Yeah. Yeah.  It wasn't the 80s that they broke out with big hits, but they had several albums. Well, a lot of what you would kind of now call hair bands did start that way. They started in 1965. What? Yeah. How old are the Scorpions? Wow. The oldest living Scorpions in the world. Facebook, why you do this? Why? I don't remember my password. I got read. How about that? Very rare. Hey, so I have good... Well, I have good news for me. My cousin, my cousin Molly, who's just a couple of years younger than me and was always sort of my closest cousin growing up, just had a little boy today. Aw, congrats. And his name is Lane. Aw, they named him Lane. They did. Yeah. I mean, she was always McCall. She's not... I mean, her mom was a Lane, but she always had a different last name. But yeah, his name is Lane. And he's real cute. And it's been super fun for all of us. You know, like when I have a son, I'll name him Chang. Right. In honor of Roger. Right. Yeah. For the Chinese takeout down the block. There's just something to... Just to celebrate Roger. Let me see. And when I have a son, I will name him Otis. There you go. Yeah. And just break the whole thing. Break it down.  He says it's too hot in here. I hate it. I would be honored. I'm a dog. I can't sweat. I only sweat through my paws and my tongue. Otis says actually, if you're really paying attention, you should also name your child Lane. Because that would be the rule.  All children. All children should be named Lane. All children lead to Lane. That's right. Yes. All roads lead to Lane. Yeah. Oh, Zoe brings bacon. The next person to have a child should name them Bacon. Do you think there's some kids out there named Bacon? I bet. Probably. I bet there's at least one. I know there's probably a lot of dogs and cats named Bacon. I wonder if anybody's named Boca. I think probably. Maybe Boca. Like Boca de Beppo. Boca. Well, Boca means mouth. So it'd be, you know, I don't know. You'd probably have to have a good reason to name your kid Boca. Boca de Beppo recently had a security breach as I learned on the security bits on Allison Sheridan's Nacilocast. I don't know. Barco shots. Yes, it did. It was a program breached. It was funny because he was reading about the breach and he's like, I guess this is a chain. Bucca. Yeah, I remember exactly how he said it. But Allison was like, oh, no, Boca de Beppo. Yeah, it's a pretty good place. Haven't been there in a long time. Had a point of sale breach. Yeah, that was, it was. I don't mean to minimize it, but it's not like, it's not like that's shocking. These things are happening right now. Yeah, I don't think the Boca de Beppo in San Francisco for tech TV, we, I felt like we were there all the time for, you know, I don't know, celebrations or someone's birthday or whatever. But a few restaurants that could accommodate a large crowd. Yeah, well, yeah. And it's family style food that is decent, but isn't going to offend anybody. It works well. I'm from my garden. When you're there, you're not family. So you don't have those ties. You don't have that burden. Right. No, no, no. Yeah, you just come and go.  Yeah. But I, I think, I mean, gosh, I, besides that San Francisco location, which I assume is still there, I don't think I've ever been to any other one, even though I've seen them in many other cities. I've only been to one other. It was in San Jose for my sister-in-law's birthday one year. Uh-huh. Each of the San Jose one, but I'm pretty sure that's the only other one. Back at, back at the revision three for CES, we would always go to Boca, because again, it was one of the restaurants that could accommodate the size. Oh, okay. See, that's nice. I might have been to one in Vegas also. That's a nice thing about our team, was we can just go anywhere, because we're not a huge team. Yeah, we're like three of us, maybe four. Yeah, maybe if we've brought somebody. Oh, Shannon's with us. Great. We're four. Five. It's a foursome. Five. No. Too much. Five isn't bad.  Let's all just eat in our hotel rooms. That is still one of my favorite memories of CES, was the year we were staying at the Stardust Hotel, may it rest in peace. And I got laryngitis. I got a sore throat, like the first day at CES. And so I would finish my day on the stage at CNET and just go right back to my room and order steak in room service and then spend the evening. Just not talking. Not talking, you know, doing some research on my laptop and eating steak on CNET's dime. Kind of like, it's kind of like Ron Burgundy. Well, I mean, we've been to CES a couple times for DTNS, obviously. Before that, I hadn't been since I was with TechCrunch, which was a couple of years before.  And, you know, be kind of thing where you're like, okay, now I live here. Oh, right. No, I used to feel that way every year. Like, halfway through the week, I'm like, I just live at CES. This is where I live now. Right. Yeah, in a not super fancy, but not horrible hotel room. Like, okay, I can sleep, but like, there's nothing about this that's home. I really want to go home. And the, yeah, when I was with them the last time we were at, it was someplace where, I remember the name of it now, but it was, they had little kitchenettes Oh yeah, well, like a Marriott residence in. In fact, I think that's what it was, because it was near the convention center. And, you know, it was like, after about day three, I was like, I'm just going to start ordering food, and like, have like my kitchen, and hang out in here more, because I'm here too, like you can't just enjoy Vegas for nine days straight. I can't anyway. No, I'm sure there are three days I've done. Yeah, like I wanted, like I needed to like make it a small apartment.  And it was actually kind of fun. Yeah, that residence and we stayed in one year for CNET, because it was after the Stardust days, and they did grocery shopping for you.  And I would have snacks to eat whenever I got back in the room. Right. Yeah. Which cuts down on like the five conversations that everybody has to have every day in Vegas of like, okay, now where are we going to eat? Where's so-and-so? Where are we going to meet to eat? You know, it's like, it becomes so exhausting. Honestly, sometimes you're like, I just want to eat my bread and cheese in the room. See you guys. Third times we're trying to find a place to eat is incredibly stressful. And it's like, I'd rather do something else. Yeah. I mean, that's, if I, you know, if I can complain about anything about, you know, the joy of travel, because mostly it's great, but it's, if you have to think about, you know, being in a new place, if you're on the move a lot, and you're backpacking, let's say, right?  Does this look good? Well, let's look at the menu. I don't know. There's no one in here. Hmm. I don't know. I don't know. I don't like the look of it. Okay. Let's go somewhere else. Like it is the most tiring conversation after a while, because you're hungry and you don't really care, but you also don't want to settle too much because you're supposed to be adventurous. You're not supposed to be though. I gave that up a long time ago. I'm like, I don't want to be adventurous. I don't want to be around people. I've had that situation. Well, I mean, me either. This is a long time ago. Yeah. Hey, everybody. Thanks for watching on video. Enjoy your day. Audio folks stick around. There is, in fact, more to come. Not even.


Hello, everyone. I'm Stuart McCurley-Nailer from the University of Suffolk and welcome back once again to the Sports Biomechanics lecture series, as always supported by the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports and kindly sponsored by Vicon. In recent weeks we've had some excellent talks on theoretical biomechanics and also applied biomechanics in a range of different sports and there's more to come on both of those areas. We've talked scheduled over the next couple of months due to be announced at the end of this lecture, but for now we're bringing something a little bit different today, focusing more on the data collection and data analysis side of sports biomechanics. And yeah, really with that in mind we've got a talk from Vicon themselves. So I'm going to hand over to Jacques Gay from Vicon who will introduce himself and tell you a little bit more about what's to come. Afternoon all, my name is Jacques and I'm a senior life science application engineer at Vicon. I've been with Vicon for just over 13 years now and part of my role involves traveling the world, installing Vicon systems and training customers like yourself on how to use the Vicon system. However, before joining Vicon I was at the University of Cape Town doing research in cricket biomechanics and I was also managing the biomechanics laboratory on the side. Today I'm going to introduce you to the first of two online lectures where we will introduce you to the motion capture pipeline, commonly referred to as the mocap pipeline. These lectures are aimed at an audience that perhaps haven't spent any time within an optical mocap lab and therefore we hope we can provide you with an insight to what it is and how you can integrate this pipeline into your research projects. But before we get started I would like to thank Stuart for organizing this lecture series and also congrats to the previous presenters on delivering some great lectures. So let's get started. Our aim today is to give an introductory overview of what an optical motion capture pipeline looks like, splitting it into four sections. Today everyone and two. In a few weeks time we will be looking into sections three and four with a live session and we will also be looking beyond the lab. There are many elements to consider within an optical mocap system. Hopefully you all saw this banner going through Twitter. Well here it is again as I still know I know there's a lot of information on this banner but this banner depicts the full life science motion capture pipeline. We will guide you through different aspects of the pipeline through this presentation and especially in the next live session. Let's start then by looking at section one, the hardware and software solution. In this section we will briefly touch on the history behind Vicon and our Vicon has been involved in the world of biomechanics. We will look at Vicon hardware and software solutions and how they made the gold standard of motion capture solutions as described by our users and the market. Vicon is a global company serving the community. Today Vicon have four offices globally. Oxford, Denver, Los Angeles and Auckland housing over 120 staff served by 55 distributors. We have over 5,000 systems live and in use right now. In the late 70s researchers from around the world collaborated to research different methods into tracking movement and gaining 3D point clouds from this movement. Following on from this research Dr Julian Morris founded Oxford Metrics selling Vicon systems in 1984. Using all the analog video cameras for creating 3D reconstructions Dr Morris developed the first optical mocap system. The optical mocap system was needed in the clinical gate setting to capture clinical gate data, deliver qualitative and quantitative results, to track how a patient progress through treatment, to build a patient specific database and to compare this to normal database and then to have increased confidence in potential outcomes of physiotherapy or surgical interventions. This is what was first formed as a Vicon system and what was sold as optical mocap systems since 1984. To close off the history cycle Vicon is now the company name and we have Oxford Metrics as the holding company who are on the aimed stock market. So here is that ban again and we are now focusing on the hardware with the history experience pedigree and known as the gold standard. We have continued to develop mocap over 35 years now let's look at a range of cameras have been developed over time leading to today's range from analog cameras on the far left to digital high-speed and high-resolution optical cameras of today. Cameras are reviewed with specifications such as pixel count, frame rate and field of view, depicting what size of area you want to cover and what size of markers you want to track during the movement and also at what speed you want to capture your data at. Vicon have various models of optical mocap cameras available today and they can be broken down into two distinct families the Vantage family consisting of the market leading 16 megapixel camera to the Vera family small and compact but just as powerful. Here you can see that beyond the normal specs Vicon cameras offer a range of smarts such as onboard inertial sensors for sensing if a camera has been bumped and also thermal sensors for ensuring camera's camera calibration isn't unduly affected by ambient temperatures. This table outlines the detail of each Vicon camera available on the left we have the Vantage family and on the right we have the Vera family. Cameras can be mixed and used in different applications and environments be it in an outdoor setup, a standard lab setting or a custom setup looking at a specific application. As we said cameras are picked based on your application and your capture environment of choice. We have briefly discussed Vicon camera hardware now let's take a look at the captures software options provided by Vicon.  As Vicon solutions operate across what we categorize as four distinctive markets shown on this image Vicon are unique to the industry in providing a software platform per market. We are talking of course to an audience predominantly here today interested in the life science area which is catered for by Vicon Nexus. The other markets have their own platforms as well namely Shogun for entertainment, Tracker for engineering and Evoke for location-based VR. Please do have a look at them on our website for further details however we are going to focus on our Nexus platform today and in our next live session. Vicon Nexus was first introduced in 2006 and we are currently on version 2.10. We have near 10 000 users of this platform worldwide. We take the feedback from our customers to further the functionality and refine its capabilities. Nexus stands for connection or series of connections linking two or more things or a central focal point. We will see this platform in action during the live mocap session. The Nexus software platform has been designed with the following topics in mind the output, the researcher, the integration options be it digital or analog, the modeling options which we will be looking at in the next section, customizable reporting options either via polygon as we have seen in earlier presentations in the series or via quick reporting within Nexus and finally a simple quick processing option using industry leading algorithms. So to summarize what have we covered so far? Vicon has 35 plus years of experience in the life science market. We make market leading cameras and we make software specific to the market requirements and we provide the full pipeline capability and the most flexible system available on the market today. In the second part of this presentation we will be looking at a few modeling options available within biomechanics. We will be focusing on what is a model, why a biomechanical model is needed, planning a model, modeling platforms, what models are available and we will be comparing two methods of modeling. Firstly, what is a model? A model is a mathematical relation that allows for seeing the behavior of the systems that has been modeled given some known inputs and parameters. Why do we need a biomechanical model? I think the following quote from Dr Scott Delf at Stanford University perfectly sums up the need for a biomechanical model. A biomechanical model allows us to extract mechanistic insights from messy and heterogeneous movement data and to make predictions in domains where data are unavailable. For example, predicting the response to a future surgery. This same principle can be applied to sports biomechanics be it in technique improvement or injury prevention. Now that we know why we need a biomechanical model let's look at how we can apply modeling to human motion. First, we have our markers, our trajectories, our input. This information will be provided by your motion capture system. Secondly, we have any inertial parameters, for example, anthropometrical data. Both these inputs get applied to our biomechanical model. In this example, we have our output looking at compression in the spine. In the next section, we'll be looking at how to plan your model. Here we have a golfer and he is interested in improving his driving distance. So we can ask the question, what is the purpose of the model? The purpose of this model would be to increase the driving distance, of course. One thing that you can look at would be the X factor. If you want to know more about the X factor, have a look at a presentation three in the series by Stuart titled Cricket Batting Biomechanics. The next few questions you will need to ask is, which segments do I need to model? What kinematic parameters do I need to calculate in the model? And what kinetic parameters do I need to calculate in my model? We will then draw a free body diagram. Describe the rigid segments. And we will also describe the segment origins and orientation. And then finally, we will define our marker placement. One answer research question has been defined. The next step is to define a marker set for your model. The following steps describe considerations for creating a marker set. Decide on the number of markers to use and ensure that marker positions are placed in a manner which will allow for meaningful anatomical reference frames to describe the motion. Think about degrees of freedom. Remember the following. A minimum of three markers are required to describe a segment with six degrees of freedom. In this example, we have a four marker cluster on the sacrum. And we can see on the graph the rotation around X, Y and Z with the translation in X. When we look at a hinge joint or a ball and socket joint, we require three markers on the segments surrounding the joint to describe the connection. The next thing to take in mind is to avoid landmarks with excessive skin motion. In this video clip, we can see the thigh marker moving as the foot is stamped. Aim for easily palpable landmarks. In this example, the ankle marker is placed on the lateral malleolus at the distal end of the fibula located on the lateral ankle. Make sure that marker positions are easily repeatable. You will also need to think about anthropometrical data and avoid co-linearity, as you will need to define the plane when creating a segment. Now that we have completed the planning of the model, we need to decide on the application we will use to create our bimetanical model. There are various modeling options available within the motion capture community. I'll be looking at a few of the main ones. The first one is MATLAB. MATLAB is a programming platform designed specifically for engineers and scientists. The heart of MATLAB is the MATLAB language, a matrix-based language allowing the most natural expression of computational mathematics. MATLAB is powerful, popular, highly expandable, and it's got a large community. It is also important to remember that MATLAB is a script-based language. It also has a reasonable learning curve involved. The next option is Python. Python is the general purpose and a high-level programming language. You can use Python for developing your own bimetanical models. PyCGM2 has been developed and written with Python. Python is a powerful, popular, and has a mid-sized community. It is also a script-based language. I'm sure that some of you would have seen on Twitter in the last few days that there's been tweets related to R. A nice option with Python is that there's a direct integration between Python and R, and you can run your R code from within Python as well. Our next option is Visual 3D, created by CMotion. Visual 3D is a biomechanics analysis toolkit. It is a Microsoft Windows application, and it provides the calculations needed for kinematics and kinetics. It includes the latest mathematical techniques for optimizations, signal processing, and filtering, as well as inverse kinematics, complex biomechanical modeling, forces, and forced structures. DeflatBimotec is an enhanced visual programming tool for interactive and immersive application development. Deflat powers the display of virtual scenes alongside your treadmill and motion platforms to enable rapid prototyping for your research. Additional possibilities are also created using integrated scripting to advance sophisticated application development. One nice feature with Deflat is that it also includes the human body model as part of the package. Our next option is LabView by National Instruments. LabView offers a graphical programming approach that helps you visualize every aspect of your application or model. It is powerful and has a mid-sized community. It has a reasonable learning curve. Next on our list is MotionMonitor. MotionMonitor provides real-time solutions to a wide range of applications that involve the study of human motion. MotionMonitor was designed to analyze all aspects of human motion. In sports by mechanics, MotionMonitor will both monitor and enhance performance. Track and animate sports objects for golf, batting, pitching, tennis, bowling, and biking. It also provides biofeedback for exercise to enhance visual responses, eye hand coordination, movement patterns, and uses audio feedback. Our next option is OpenSim. OpenSim provides easy-to-use, extensible software for modeling, simulating, controlling, and analyzing neuromuscular systems. OpenSim is freely available. It's a user-extensible software system that allows users to develop models of muscular skeletal structures and create dynamic simulations of movement. And finally, we have ICON ProCalc. ProCalc is a visual application for creating custom kinematic models, variables, and event calculations using a simple wizard-based system. You can load your C3D files in, create new calculations, and visualize outputs in an integrated 3D workspace. Variables and events are calculated and ProCalc can be written back into the C3D file, and it can also be exported directly to Excel. All the modeling options mentioned has a form of integration available within Nexus, be it a native integration, like the two scripting languages, Python and MATLAB, or via a pipeline operation, and or the Vicon Datastream SDK. Now that we have looked at the different modeling applications available to us, here's a list of a few of the off-the-shelf models you can use within Vicon. It is important to note that certain models can be applied to different activities. You can also find a library of available models on the Vicon website. We are going to look at two different approaches when calculating the hip joint center. The first is the regression method, and this will be used to estimate the location of a virtual joint center point. The second is the functional method, using multiple frames of data where the joint of interest is moving. The regression method. The method we will be looking at here is the Davis method. This method has been implemented into the conventional gate model. The hip joint center links the pelvis and femur, and can be considered as fixed in relation to both. Thus, if we know where the pelvis is, then we can estimate where the hip joint center is. First, we have the placement of the markers to define the pelvis segment. Then, from radiographic studies of healthy adults, Davis was able to estimate how far out, back, and down the hip joint is, from the center of the aces to aces line. The distances posterior, lateral, and distal are calculated on the basis of an aces to aces distance. Here we have the equation as published by Davis in 1991. The first functional example that we are going to look at is the symmetrical center of rotation estimation, or rather, score method. This is an optimization algorithm that uses functional calibration frames between a parent and child segment to estimate the center point of rotation. In this video clip, we can see a subject performing the star arc movement. It is particularly valuable in providing repeatable and accurate hip joint center locations. The score method locates the joint center only. The second example of a functional method is symmetrical axis of rotation analysis, or rather SARA. SARA uses functional calibration frames between a parent and a child segment to estimate the axis of rotation. It is particularly valuable in providing repeatable and accurate knee joint axes. The SARA method locates only the joint axes, and not the joint center. Here we have the functional outputs being displayed in the 3D workspace. The orange box displays the hip joint center being calculated from the score method. The functional joint center estimates hip estimations have been shown to be more repeatable, more accurate, and less susceptible to small marker placement errors. And the second output we can see is the axis of rotation being applied to the knee. Functional joint axis estimations have been shown to be more repeatable, more accurate, less susceptible to small marker placement errors. The next step would be to apply the functional hip joint center, a knee axis of rotation to the rest of your model. If you want to know more, if you want more information on the functional method, please do look at these two papers by airing et al. Now, let's have a quick look at some of the output differences we can see when using functional versus... versus... Yeah, we have the... pelvis. And in the pelvis we can see two markers. These two markers represent as calculated by the Davis method. Next, we have two new markers. You could have seen how the markers have moved upwards. These markers represent an RSA method or X-ray method. Next, we have the Bell method. You can see now the markers have even moved further up in relation to the Davis and the RSA method. And then finally, we have a functional method based on a range of motion. Two other methods commonly being used to calculate the hip joint center is the Harrington method and the Harrow method. They are not displayed in this image. The Harrow method is used by CGM2, created by Fabian Rutherford. And finally, we can see all four hip joint center calculations being displayed at the same time. And you can clearly see that there's a big offset between them. Seeing the hip joint center being calculated in different locations should always make you stop thinking and question, am I using the correct modelling method? The next question we will ask is, how will this affect our model outputs? In this comparison, we are comparing the right hip angles and the right knee angles during a walking trial. The orange line represents the functional method to calculate the hip joint center using score and the knee axis of rotation using SARA. The white line represents the conventional gate model using regression equation for the hip joint center and the coronal plane marker placement for the thigh, which will affect the knee outputs. You can clearly see on these two graphs that there are distinct differences between these two methods. Let's recap today's session. We looked at hardware and software used in motion capture. We looked at a range of cameras which has been developed over time, leading to today's range of vantage and camera cameras. We looked at the fact that cameras are picked based on your application and your environment. We looked at the fact that software is arguably the most crucial part of your motion capture system. Vicon nexus has been developed to streamline data processing down to a single click with customizable pipelines which include auto labeling, gap filling, filtering and modeling tools. We also explored biomechanical modeling. What is modeling? Why do we need it? How we can create a model? And how different methods can affect our model outputs. This brings us to the end of today's session. Please do send any questions to support at vicon.com. And thank you for joining me today. Thank you very much, Shaq. And a huge thank you also to everybody at vicon for their support throughout this series and particularly in putting this lecture together and a special shout out on that note too. And you Ray at vicon whose support throughout this has been fantastic. So thank you. If anybody has any questions for Jack then either send him an email at the address provided during the talk or you can leave a comment in the comment section down below the video where you'll also find links to all of the papers mentioned during the lecture as well as various other relevant papers for motion capture modeling. And now that leaves me to quickly present kind of the coming schedule for talks over the next couple of months. As you can see on screen we've got one lined up every Thursday for the next couple of months some fantastic speakers. And yeah, if you want to stay updated and then please subscribe to the channel. And if you click the bell next to the subscribe you should get notifications whenever things are updated as well. So thank you very much and hopefully see you soon.