Okay, so again, good morning to everyone. So for today, we will just be finishing our discussion with Hemato Pueces. So I will be ending with Erythro Pueces.  So I have no corrections or manual checking that I need to do. So nandun na lahat ng answers. So you can actually check it later by the end of our period, okay? By the end of our period, you can check the correct answers already. So for this morning, we will be continuing on our discussion which is your Hemato Pueces. So it's very important for us to realize, okay, that there are two theories when it comes to how Hemato Pueces happen within the body. I say theory because up until now, okay, I say theory because up until now, there is still no absolute evidence that will point out that one theory is the one that is correct versus the other, okay? So let me just clear that. So up until now, both are just theory. But the scientific community are leaning on one of this theory of Hemato Pueces. So there are actually two theories of Hemato Pueces, okay? Two theories of Hemato Pueces which is your monophylletic theory of Hemato Pueces. So according to the monophylletic theory of Hemato Pueces, all blood cells are derived from a single progenitor stem cell which is a pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell. So monophylletic states that this pluripotent stem cell multiply to produce more pluripotent stem cell which will be discussed later on on the type of division for your stem cells, okay? For your stem cell. I hope everyone's mind is already aligned with Hemato Pueces. So Hemato Pueces, let's go back again, is the process of blood cell production, okay? Blood cell production. So according to monophylletic theory, sabi sa monophylletic theory, your white blood cell, your red blood cells, your mega-cardiocytes that eventually gives rise to your platelets came from one cell, okay? And that is a pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell meaning to say this pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell can differentiate into those different precursor, okay? They can differentiate from being a pluripotent hematopoetic stem cell, magiging eritroblasila, magiging myeloid precursor, or magiging lymphoid precursor. Yun yung ibig sabihin noon. From one cell, it will give rise to different cells depending on its differentiation. Another theory that is being proposed is also your polyphiletic theory. What do you mean by poly? By its word poly, meaning to say many, okay? So they believe that each blood cell lineges is derived from its own unique stem cell. So according to this theory, the platelets has its own hematopoetic stem cell, your red blood cells has its own precursor cell, your WBC, your basophil, your eucenophil, your lymphocytes, your monocytes, your neutrophils, all of them are having their own stem cell, okay? But between these two, okay? Between these two, makikitandaan po, please write it down on your notes because this might be coming out of the exam. So between these two, which is favored by the scientific community, anyone? Alindi ito yung pinapaboran nila. They agree that this theory is actually how hematopoesis happened. Anybody in the chat box, is it the mono or the poly? Correct, okay. Walang sumasagot sakin. It's the monofiletic, okay? If you have read your rodac already, okay? If you have read rodac already, it's found on page 52 of the 2020 edition. They are actually favoring the monofiletic theory, okay? The monofiletic theory, okay? So let us go now to your hematopoetic stem cells, okay? Hematopoetic stem cells. So a while back, last time we discussed already what apoptosis is. Now we will be discussing what self-renewal is, differentiation, and the types of division. So your hematopoetic stem cell has three fate, okay? Meron siyang katlung destination. It can either go self-renewal, differentiation, or apoptosis, okay? We already know that apoptosis is the program cell death, which is also part of your quiz, okay? It is a physiological cell death that are induced by either different cytokines or chemicals within your cell, within your body, or simply the deprivation of those growth factors will cause their death, okay? So will cause their death. What I want to focus on is the fate of your stem cell, be it self-renewal and differentiation, okay? Be it self-renewal and differentiation. Before I explain it further, let me go ahead and talk about the types of division, okay? The types of division can be symmetric or asymmetric, okay? So when we say symmetric, the daughter cell are both, both of them will be, when we say symmetric, both of the cell will undergo differentiation. But if one cell, but only one cell lang ang magdedeferensyate, and the other one will return into the pool to do self-renewal, we call that asymmetric. I know it's parang, if you haven't read the book, it doesn't make sense, okay? If you came here in class today and you haven't read the book, parang medyo nakakalito pa siya, okay? But let me try to explain it to you. I'll present my screen, okay? Wait lang ha, I'll connect and then gagawatay ng diagram, okay? Hopefully this diagram will help you understand how it happened, okay? So here, I'm already in the meeting. So can somebody confirm, ha, if you can already see my screen there? Can you see my screen now? Yes, sir. Okay, screen ng iPad, ha? Okay, thank you so much. So sabi natin kanina, your hematopoietic stem cell has three fate, okay? Meron siyang katlong fate, which is to differentiate to self-renewal and apoptosis, okay? So alam natin lahat yan, okay? So take for example, I have here, okay? I think I will best explain it using a diagram. Take for example, this is your hematopoietic stem cell. Your hematopoietic stem cell will give rise to two daughter cells, okay? To two daughter cells. So this is its daughter cell, okay? I will call them D1 and D2, okay? This are the daughter cells, okay? Take for example, I cannot zoom it out kasi, sorry. So let me just try to go to ano na lang. Here, take for example, this is your hematopoietic stem cell, okay? So this is your hematopoietic stem cell, this is your HSC, okay? Your hematopoietic stem cell. It will now give rise to two daughter cell, okay? Two daughter cell and we will call them D1 and D2, okay? So sabi, as what we were mentioning a while back, your hematopoietic stem cell has three fate, either to go up of doses, but that's not the topic for now. Oh, it can go differentiation or self-renewal. Take for example, both of this, take for example, both of this daughter cell, okay? Both of this daughter cell underwent, okay? Underwent differentiation. We call this process now as your symmetric, okay? The division is symmetric. Are we clear? The division is symmetric. So kung parayat sila ng pinuntahan, both of them differentiated, we call it symmetric. Are we clear? Hello? Yes, Puster. We call it, we call that symmetric. Sir, what about the other one, okay? Take for example, take for example D1 and D2, okay? D1 and D2. One cell will undergo differentiation and the other cell will return to the pool that is called now your self-renewal, okay? This process now is asymmetric division. Are we clear? Kung yung isa nag-proceed to differentiate, yung isa naman bumalik sa pool, okay? To take for example, this is the pool of your hematopoietic stem cell, bumalik siya dun to replenish the number of hematopoietic stem cell, that is now your self-renewal. Kung yung isa nag-self-renew, yung isa nag-differentiate, we call that asymmetric. Are we clear? Clear po tayo? Hello? Sir. Okay. So this is also the way of your, maybe some of you are wondering, sir, paano po na, how can we make sure, how can the bone marrow make sure that it will never run out of hematopoietic stem cell? The answer is asymmetric cell division, okay? Asymmetric type of division. One will own, when there is two, okay, when there is two types, when there is two daughter cell, one will go into further differentiation. So when I say differentiation, mamaya pag-uusapan natin, it can either become an erythroid precursor, amyloid precursor, or a lymphoid precursor. Are we clear? So yun lang muna yung gusto kung isetel kasi kailanganin yung mag-grasp itong idea nato, that your hematopoietic stem cell can go into three phases, apoptosis, self-differentiation, and self-renewal. Apoptosis, we explain it a while back as the program cell death, okay? Differensation, what do we mean by differentiation, sir? Differensation means it will undergo further differentiation to become now your blood cells. Are we clear? Another thing is self-renewal. Self-renewal, the daughter cell will return to the pool of hematopoietic stem cell. Sir, why? This is the process, this is the way of your bone marrow to make sure that there will be enough hematopoietic stem cell in the course of your life. Are we clear? Clear po tayo doon? Yes, po. Okay, so I hope that's clear ha na kapag both of them differentiated symmetric, ibig sabihin parayasila na ang destination. But if one differentiated, the other one under one's self-renewal, that is called your asymmetric cell division. Okay, so moving forward, maybe some of you, sir, I just wonder when will be the time that the bone marrow will realize that it's time to do self-renewal or when to do symmetric and when to do asymmetric. Haven't you wondered how? So the process is now, can you see the PowerPoint now? Can you see my PowerPoint now? Yes, po. Okay, so maybe some of you are wondering how did it happen that is actually through your models now of hematopoietic. We have your stochastic, we have your instructive, okay, and we have your multilinage priming model. So in your book, it is actually very much defined, the two models, your stochastic and your instructive. Sir, when will my bone marrow, when will my hematopoietic stem cell know kung kailan siya magaasimetric at magsisimetric? The answer is here. It's either stochastic or instructive. When we say stochastic, okay, your stochastic model of hematopoiesis is actually a random selection. So your cells randomly commit to self-renewal or differentiation, okay? It either random lang yung selection non, okay, random lang yung selection non. So self-renewal or it will differentiate, okay? It's self-renewal or differentiate. So that part, okay, in that particular part of your hematopoiesis, that is random, stochastic po sya, okay? Stochastic yung tawag. But what about your instructive, okay? When we say instructive, remember we have your bone marrow microenvironment, okay? Remember the bone marrow microenvironment yung tinawag natin na stromal cells, the endothelial cells, the macrophages, osteoblast, osteoblast, and then also yung mga soluble substances. Ayyan, itong mga tawag. I hope you still remember that, okay? This particular part is playing a big part on the instructive hematopoiesis. And the instructive hematopoiesis, your bone marrow microenvironment determine now if your stem cell will self-renew or differentiate, okay? If they will undergo self-renewal or if they are going to differentiate into a particular type of cell, okay? Into a particular type of cell. So between these two, okay? Between these two, scientists believe that the initial decision to self-renew or differentiate is probably stochastic, okay? It is probably stochastic. So kung magre-renew ba yan or mag-de-differentiate, it's random. But it is very much known that when it starts to differentiate, the process now becomes instructive. Bakit po instructive, sir? Because later on when we discuss, there are particular substances, I think you remember one, like your erythropoietin. Your erythropoietin influences now your differentiated cell. Take for example, I'm just going to take the erythropoietin. Take for example, it is your erythropoietin that influences the differentiated cell. It will now influence the cell into becoming a red blood cell. So ganun siya. Sir, is that the same thing with WBC, with megacardiocytes? Yes. So later on, we will be talking about the colony forming unit, the colony stimulating factors, G-E-M-M, and we also have other colony stimulating factors as we go along, okay? Meran pang isa, okay? So alam na natin, stochastic, instructive, and we also have your multilineage priming model. So the cell's fate is determined by internal and external factor. This is now part of your hematopoietic inductive microenvironment. But to be more specific, this is actually now because of the amplification or repression of your genes, okay? Yung mga genes punat and we're going to DNA now, okay? So sir, can you help us to differentiate this three model? Okay, let's do this. We are talking about stochastic, we are talking about what? Random, okay? They are randomly committed to self-renewal or differentiation. Ito, this is the model when it comes to being asymmetric or symmetric. Are we clear? Stochastic, random. When we say instructive by the root word of instructive, meaning to say somebody instructed your cells now to differentiate further. And where does that instruction coming from? It comes from the bone marrow microenvironment. Are we still clear? Malinao pa po ba ako? Yes, sir. Okay, so parang take for example, yung mga kasalubong mo every single day sa jeep that is stochastic. You don't know whoever will you be coming into contact with, okay? But when it comes to instructive, take for example, I instructed that all three MTO3 will pass through this, okay? There is a certain instruction, okay? There's a certain influence or instruction given to you guys. So all of you will follow that. Ganon din si cell. So they can influence the cell by giving off cytokines and colony-stimulating factors, which I will be discussing later on. Kalma lang, okay? Wag magpapanik. So basta ang poin ko lang may instructions, okay? May signals, my chemical signals that influence your bone marrow to become who will they become in the future. A multilinage priming model, okay?  Either a repressed or an amplified gene, okay? So ayun siya, okay? So here, on the other hand, okay? So let me just dig deeper with the multilinage priming model. Okay. Yung mga genes natin within our body, within the DNA, influences your microenvironment as well. So sila yung magsasabi palalo na, ito yung ilabas mo palalo, ito yung wag mo ng ilabas para mag-focus tayo sa pag-produce ng ganyong bagay. So that is how the dose model is happening. Are we clear so far? Clear pa po tayo. Hello. Okay. So I hope I want you to have a strong concept when it comes to the fate, the cell division and the model, okay? So hopefully you also did draw on your part, okay? Para mas maintindihan niya siya. Sometimes I don't need you guys to narrate to me, Rodak, verbatim. What I want is to hear your actual answers, okay? To hear your actual answers. So take for example, what is symmetric and what is asymmetric, yung mga ganong drama, okay? So that is self-renewal, differentiation and apoptosis, your asymmetric and symmetric, your stochastic instructive in the multilinage priming model, okay? So let's go now to your stem cell cycle kinetics, okay? Your stem cell cycle kinetics. So every single day, okay? Every single day, your bone marrow produced 2.5 billion of erythrocytes, 2.5 billion platelets, and 1 billion granulocyte per kilogram of body weight daily. So imagine that, okay? Imagine that. And to tell you honestly, one of the key factor that controls the rate of your fish, the rate of production is your fish-o-logic need. Makikitandaan po ako, mga kapated, it is your fish-o-logic need, okay? What do we mean by fish-o-logic need? Yung pangangailangan ng sarili mo, okay? I've been seeing ano do yung kailangan unahin red tap or purple tap. Kailangan mo do unahin yung sarili mo. So that is how your body is responding, okay? They respond according to the need of your body. Take for example, you are in an environment na deprived of oxygen. Your body now will tend to, take for example, there's hypoxia. Your body now will tend to produce more red blood cells so that there will be more hemoglobin in your body. Take for example, you have infection. There is parasite bacteria or virus that is inside your body. Your body's response to that fish-o-logic need is to produce more of your white blood cells. Are you getting me? Kuha po tayo. Okay. So when it comes to stem cell kinetics, it's very important for you guys to remember that the normal mitotic index is 1-2%. Okay? 1-2%. So imagine that, no? That your mitotic index is only 1-2%. Okay? I will not be, I will not be, I will not be discussing PMAT already here.  And then eventually, your, yan, yung G1, S1, yung S and yung G2 phase natin, before it undergo your mitosis. Makikerebyo lang tayo. What are the, what are the, what are the different phases of mitosis? Chat box. What are the different phases of mitosis? The P is, what is the P? Okay, wala. Profase, metafase, ayan o di ba? Naging keyboard warrior na po si Miss Martin. Profase, metafase, anafase and telophase. Okay, PMAT. And please remember that our, that our, your interface is not part of the cell division proper. Okay. The interface kasi is actually part of yung, yung G2. Okay, sa G2 siya. Okay. So ayun yung sa interface. Interface is the preparation of your cell before undergoing mitosis. So again ha, guys, please remember that your mitotic index is only 1-2%. Sir, what if it becomes 5%? Meaning there is an abnormal, there is an increased cell proliferation. What do we mean by that? Matas, matas daw yung pag-dedevine ng cell mo. Okay. And an increase mitotic index now would imply that there is increased proliferation within your body. So understanding now, your stem cell, your stem cell cycle kinetics. Okay. Your stem cell cycle kinetics. Dito ngayon mag-fo-foil. Kung bakit nagtataka kayo? Bakit kaya alam nung mga doctors? For example, yung mga may leukemia went to give a particular part or went to give this type of chemotherapy or chemo-therapeutic drug to a patient. Okay. They know that based on their mitotic index. Okay. Based on the mitotic index. So kanina nyo pa ako siguro na rinig that there are specific cytokines. Okay. There are specific cytokines that are influencing the rate of mitosis. There are cytokines that influence the differentiation of a particular cell. So what are cytokines? Okay. So cytokines are soluble proteins that are hematopoetic growth factors. Okay. So when we say hematopoetic growth factors and cytokines, they are synonymous, mga kapatid. Okay. Cytokines and hematopoetic growth factors, they are one and the same. So what do they do? They regulate, okay. They regulate the proliferation, the differentiation and the maturation of your hematopoetic precursor cell. Once again, they regulate the proliferation, the differentiation and the maturation of your hematopoetic stem cell. Okay. Or your hematopoetic precursor cells. Okay. So there are a few here. Okay. When I say IL, these are your interleukins. Okay. These are your interleukins.  Okay. Your colony stimulating factors. So please do remember. Okay. Please do remember that when it comes to cytokines, when it comes to influence the cytokines that influences your differentiation, there can be two major differentiation that can either be a positive, a positive influence or a negative influence cytokine. So what do we mean by that? When we say positive influence on the hematopoetic stem cell, they promote the differentiation, they promote the maturation, they promote the proliferation. Okay. So I'll just gonna give you the, the, the ano ha. So on the chat box, okay. I posted there that hematopoetic growth factor or cytokines are the one that regulate the proliferation, differentiation and maturation. When we say positive, okay. When we say positive, it actually favors the proliferation, the differentiation and the maturation of your hematopoetic stem cell. When we say negative naman, okay. It's the opposite obviously. When we say negative, it hampers or it limits the proliferation, the differentiation and the maturation of your stem cell. Are we clear? Yes, sir. Okay. So ay ano siya ha. So moving forward now, okay. Moving forward now, in your book, there are actually several, there are actually several cytokines that will influence and will, that will influence your hematopoesis positively or negatively, okay. Positively or negatively. So that is actually found on page 54, okay. Page 54 to 56, okay. Page 54 to 56. Just for the sake of discussion, okay. Just for the sake of discussion, the cytokines and growth factors are very important, okay. They have a diverse group and I am not expecting you to memorize each of the growth factors that influence them, okay. But they're actually main, okay. We have main cytokines and colony-stimulating factors that you guys need to remember, okay. So take for example, okay, I'm just gonna paste it on the chat box, okay. So we have a positive, those that positively influence, your hematopoietic stem cell are as follows.   That includes your growth factor beta, your tumor necrosis factor alpha in your interferons. Sir, that is, sir, where can we read that? You can read that on page 54 to 56, okay. Page 54 to 56. So when I, when we told you guys that you need to go to your book, it's still very important, okay. So explain lang, explain ko lang ng mabilis, ha. Your cytokines, okay. Your cytokines and growth factors sabingan natin kanina, they regulate your proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of your different precursor cell. So these cytokines are really diverse, okay. They are diverse when it comes to their classification, but most of them are actually positively influencing your, they positively influence your hematopoiesis. And the examples are on the chat box already.  So this cytokines, okay. So this cytokines naman, okay. On the other hand, yung mga nasa-negative, they prevent, okay. They prevent yung differentiation, yung proliferation, and maturation of your cells, okay. Maturation of your cells. So clear pa ba tayo? Are you still there? Yes, sir. Okay. So moving forward now, okay, moving forward, let's go on. So your human stem cell now, okay, your human stem cell, sabi natin kanina, di ba, in case that I do not finish this discussion, wag kay magalala, I will record na lang, I will record the the part that I did not finish. Roughly siguro mga ilang ilang slides lang naman ito, if ever, like, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Like, ano lang? Less than 10 pa lang siya. Although para hindi tayo mag-extend, okay, so we won't be extending. I will just be sending you guys a recorded slide, okay, a recorded slide of this discussion. And by the way, it's already been set the final coverage of your hematology is from the beginning until erythropoiesis. Okay, erythropoiesis. So, ayun, let's move on. So your human stem cell has three types, sabi ko nga di ba, meron tayong toti potential stem cell which is present in the first few hours after an ovum is fertilized. So this is the most versatile. This is the most versatile type of stem cell because it can develop into any human cell type. We have your pluripotential stem cell on the other hand. This is now present several days after fertilization. And this can develop into any cell type as well. We also have here your multi-potential stem cell. This is derived now from your pluripotent stem cell. It came from your pluripotent stem cell. And this is found in adults but are limited in specific types of cell to form your tissue. Example natin yan is your bone marrow. Your bone marrow stem cell can give rise to blood cells, bone cartilage and your adipose cell. Adipose cell. So these are the three types of human stem cell. But what we're going to talk about here, okay, alone is your what? What we're going to talk about here is your hematopoietic stem cell. Your hematopoietic stem cell is a multi-potent stem cell. Are we clear? A multi-potent stem cell. So type 3 sa, okay, pang so your hematopoietic stem cell are multi-potent stem cell that give rise now to all blood types. Cell types including your myeloid and your lymphoid. Okay, wait lang, explain ko lang ko nang mabilis. Your hematopoietic stem cell can differentiate into two. Ito na po yung sinasabi natin kanina na differentiation. It can differentiate into two. It can differentiate into becoming myeloid precursor or a lymphoid precursor. Sir, dalawa lang? Yes, dalawa lang.  Okay, sumakikisulat ako ha? Okay, your myeloid okay, your myeloid can give rise to your gem. Your gem stands for your granulocyte. Okay, what are the different granulocyte that is your neutrophil, eucinophil and your basophil? We also have your eritrocyte. Okay, it can also give rise to your eritrocyte to your monocyte and your megacaryocyte. Megacaryocyte. Maybe some of you are wondering sir, bakit po hi nahiwalay si monocyte? Because remember your monocyte is agranulositic cell. Okay, wala siyang granules. Are we clear? Can you still remember that ay ang granulositic and agranulosite and granulosites? So, on the other hand we have your lymphoid naman. Okay? Your lymphoid precursor.  Are we clear? Clear pa po tayo? Yes, po sir. Okay, so ganun yung konto niya. So later on siguro before I end mamaya, I'll try to wrap it up okay? So pakikitandaan lang that your hematopoietic stem cell can differentiate into two okay? Into two main your myeloid and your lymphoid. Okay? Your myeloid and your lymphoid. Okay? So moving forward now okay? Moving forward these cells can be obtained directly by removal from the hip okay? So sabi natin kanina, di ba? Yung mga stem cell sabi natin can either be aspirated for testing. Tanina in your quiz, there was a choice there. Meron kang proximal long bone tapos meron kang iliac crest. Your iliac crest is part of your pelvis okay? Or your pelvic bone. Between the two, you need to choose which is the best which is the best site for bone marrow collection. And the answer there will be your iliac crest bone okay? So this now are being aspirated by a needle. Yes sir being aspirated po siya using your needle so gina grind gina grind yung bone mo para makapasok sa bone marrow. So at the same time okay? So using needle and syringe or from the blood following pretreatment with cytokines okay? Pretreatment with cytokines. This cytokines okay? This cytokines like your granulocyte colony stimulating factor okay? They induce the release of your they induce the release of your granulocyte from the bone marrow okay? From the bone marrow. So other sources panang ano, so other sources panang stem cell natin can also be your umbilical cord ayan your umbilical cord. Kaya di ba remember whenever meron tayong ano um whenever may pinapanganak they are collecting stem cell through the umbilical cord okay? Through the umbilical cord and aside from that for experimental purposes naman you can actually have um you can actually gather the hematopoietic stem cell from fetal liver, fetal spleen ayortagonad mesonephros the AGM, what face of hematopoiesis is this? Anyone? Sige nga, I hope may makasagot. Okay? Anong face ng hematopoiesis pag nasa ayortagonad mesonephros? What face of hematopoiesis? Misumasagot ba sa ano? Okay, correct. Misumasagot na pala dito. It is your mesoblastic face, correct? Sa mesoblastic face po siya. Okay? So this is for animals for experimental purposes only. Okay? So, you can see medyo malabu lang pero these are the hematopoietic stem cell. Sir pa, how can I differentiate it? Actually you cannot differentiate it. Visually you cannot differentiate your visually we cannot differentiate them from the other. Okay? So, you can differentiate which one is the myeloid and which one is the lymphoid. Okay? So, let's go now to the difference ang stem cell. Okay? So functional characteristic of your stem cell, they are multi-potency and they can do self-renewal. Okay? It has their own ability to form multiple cell types. Okay? Multi-potency and their ability to renew is attributed because it's attributed to this characteristic of your stem cell. So, your hematopoietic stem cell can also expand to generate very large amount of progeny cell. Okay? So when we say progeny cell progeny cell in the hematopoietic stem cell. So these are now your what do you call this? Your colony, yung myeloid progeny colony of myeloid progeny and then your CLP which is now for your lymphoid on the other hand. Okay? Which is for the lymphoid. So let's just finish this one. I think, I'm not sure kung matatapos ko yung eritropoiesis mamaya but I'll just try to explain something pa kasi later. Okay? So hematopoietic stem cell. Okay? So their mobility naman, let's talk about their mobility.  So immature blood cells to pass the bone marrow barrier. So your hematopoietic stem cell may travel in the blood from the bone marrow. Okay? Pwede yon. So aside from that, your hematopoietic stem cell can travel from one bone to another bone. So if they settle on the thymus, okay, take example, if your hematopoietic stem cell settled on the thymus, they will now develop into your T lymph, your T-cells. Okay? And this is the answer in your quiz. It's just your thymus. Some of you answered thymus, nilagay nyo na lahat para sure, but that is incorrect. Okay? It's only your thymus. Okay?  Okay? So let me just share to you. Let me just share to you my screen once more. Let me just share to you my screen once more para makita ninyo yung ano. Okay? Can you guys see my screen right now? Hello? Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Okay? I'm using your actually using your raw duck here Okay? So this is actually seen in page 55. Okay? Page 55. So take for example, this is your this is your stem cell. Okay? This is your hematopoietic stem cell. I'll draw na lang another one. Okay? This is take for example your hematopoietic stem cell. Okay? This is your hematopoietic stem cell. Okay? This is your hematopoietic stem cell. Sabi natin kanina, it can give rise to two doctor cell. One that will undergo what undergo self-renewal or the other one. Okay? The other one can differentiate into becoming your pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. And as you can see here, guys. Okay? As you can see here, there are particular cytokines that influence it. Okay? That influence it. So take for example, this is the HSC sabi natin kanina. Okay? Yung process ng pagpunta niya if whether it is going to renew or differentiate it is stochastic. Okay? Are we clear? It is stochastic. But the process now because of this, okay? I hope nakikita niyo ha yung mga kitlaigan natin. This one, can you see the thing that I am highlighting right now? Those FL3 kitlaigan, those are your cytokines that influences the differentiation that is now called your instructive. Clear tayo? We call that instructive hematopoiesis. Are we clear? Instructive na po. Okay? Ito stochastic. Ibig sabihin random lang siyang nangyayari. Ito naman instructive na po. Okay? Sabi natin kanina. Okay? Sabi natin kanina. Okay? There are two. Yung CLP at yung CL, yung progeny natin. Okay? Yung progeny natin can become your common lymphoid progenitor or your common myeloid your common myeloid progenitor and your common lymphoid progenitor. Ibangin natin yung color. Sabi ni sir kanina yung common myeloid precursor natin. Yung common myeloid precursor natin will give rise to your gem. And what is that? What are those gem that we are talking about those are actually your what? Your granulocytes Okay? Tanggalin ko yung isa. Just for the sake of accuracy your granulocytes which is your aosinofil basofil and your neutrophil Okay? We also have here your letter E. Sabi doon. Ano yung E that is your eritrocyte. The other M here is your monocyte your monocyte or even your masell to interchangeably monocyte or your masell and the other M is your megacharyocyte that will give rise to your platelets. Nakikita po ninyo So from your common myeloid precursor it can give rise now to three or to four rather. It can become your granulocyte your granulocyte your aobeso which it will be discussed in the new copoises eventually and we also have here your megacharyocyte eritrocyte precursor. Okay? So nag-a-gets nyo po ako.  On the other hand what about your common lymphoid precursor? Very simple. It can only become two types of cells if I am going to be more specific. Those two types of cells is actually just your lymphocytes and your natural killer cell. But if we're going to be more specific okay?  Natural killer cells your your common lymphoid precursor if it mature okay? Your common lymphoid precursor if it went to your if it went to your thymus okay? it will be following this path but if it is in the bone marrow it will be following this path. Are we clear? What do you want to see? That is what I want you guys to see. That your common myeloid precursor your common lymphoid precursor will give rise to your gem and this one will give rise to your lympho and your NK cells. When I say lympho we have here your B and your T cells. Are we clear? Clear po tayo. Yes po sir. What about the others? Clear po tayo? Guys, ganito ha? Yes sir. If things are not clear with you hindi naman ako ano, hindi naman ako nakangain ng buhay okay? Lalo na ako hindi ko naman kayo abot kamay di ba? So kung may hindi clear magsabi na agad para hindi na lumalaki ang maliit na problema okay? Are we clear? Hindi ako na puputol magsabi Naga, are we clear? Masiglat? Yes sir. Yes sir. Aben niya ita, are we clear? Hello? Okay, clear. So actually yun yung hematopoetic stem cell okay? So kung ako sa inyo ganito ko siya irereview kung ako sa inyo. I will just draw I will just draw So meron ako stem cell tapos naging dalawa siya I am just trying to wrap it up para ma reinforce natin okay? So ulitin natin guys okay? I will just be sending you the erythropoiesis para mas ano Actually ano lang naman na yun mabilis na lang naman yung sa erythropoiesis okay? So take for example na dito na tayo sa ano na dito na tayo sa part na to So I have two okay? Aben natin kanina okay? So let me just try to be artistic as possible okay? If this two cell okay? They differentiate differentiate okay? If this two cell differentiate we call it symmetric sorry kaya talaga sulat ko but okay kaya talaga sulat sorry no o silang ako kayaan, pag nag-differentiate siya but if one differentiate okay? Nag-differentiate the other one went back to the pool okay? Renewal we call that your what? kasi metric kakalaruhin ko guys I want you to remember this is the reason why hindi na uubos yung inyong stem cell hala kung yung mga accounts natin kanina 1 billion, 2.5 billion of eritrosite and platelet hindi ba na uubos sir yun siguro yung tanong nyo hindi because it can go self-renewal okay? in this particular process in this particular process sabihin na natin in this particular process na tinatawag natin kanina in this particular part here okay? itong particular part na to ng ating mga cell I undergoing stochastic so na nang ibig sabihin ng stochastic ibig sabihin random po yan it can randomly go symmetric or randomly go asymmetric, are we clear? okay? so take for example ngayon nag differentiate na siya it differentiated now into becoming your common myeloid precursor and your common lymphoid precursor I will just be explaining the simple part ha? guys please please review the cytokines the colony stimulating factors sabihin sir kanina meron daw cytokines may cytokines that influences the proliferation the differentiation and the maturation of cell either positively or negatively on this particular part now of the process in this particular part of the process ano na itong nangyari dito this particular part here okay later on hanggang matapos to we call that now what? we call that your ano to? kung yung kanina stochastic anong tawag ko dapat dito? instructive sir correct this is your instructive hematopoises whereby there will be some colony stimulating factors your yeah, colony stimulating factors cytokines that will influence now your colony your common myelite precursor and your common lymphoid precursor to further differentiate so this one can become your granulocyte okay it can become your granulocyte your erythrocytes your mack or your muscle and your megakaryocyte on the other hand this one will give rise to your B cell if it mature on your bone marrow your T cell if it is in your thymus and your NK cells okay your NK cells so yung diniskasko po mula kanina actually majority of those are already here in this diagram so napag nagreview maging madali na po for you okay I still have 15 minutes do you have any questions with regards to everything that I discuss today please raise them now ok yung magtanong that silence ba means you understood everything hello sir, question po yung D1 in dito po is it ka pares po lang nung HSC po parang ano to jm it nagmustu so when you take daughter cell parang has lang ni mother question sir niba po may certain cytokines po to be influenced ang differentiation ilangan po ba lahat nung cytokines na yung present for it to be a common myeloid progenitor yung kanyang na po pinakita niyo may IL-1, IL-6 ito po na yung mga nakahailight okay buburain ko lang ha ito okay ito ba hindi na sabi ko so habi natin kanina na after differentiation doon na actually nagstart yung instructive hematopoasis when we say instructive there are cytokines coming from the bone marrow microenvironment that will influence when will they become one or the other sir, kailangan ba ito lahat na doon kumapapansin niyo this one is the kit ligand the interleukin-136 are very para siyang common okay common siya so it instructs now the differentiation so kumakikita mo dito dito it is your FL-3 ligand and your kit ligand and your interleukin-7 will influence your pluripotent stem cell into becoming your common lymphoid progenitor dito naman itong mga to palitan natin ng kulay para hindi kayo malito this one naman the FL-3 ligand kit ligand your GM colonistimulating factor your interleukin-136-11 they will give rise to your myeloid progenitor maybe some of you are wondering sir, anong ibig sa binang FL-3 ng KIT sa kit ligand these are actually gene na doon na siya sa gene which will now lead me sa multi-lineage na priming model okay doon naman siya galing sa gene gets po sir thank you kuna re ang na release po mga kapatid ang na release within your bone marrow are this factor kung mapapansin nyo medyo redundant but it will now different yung mga minor na differences nila doon yung nagpapaiba okay so makikita nyo dito yung granulocyte monocyte progenitor your aocinophil, basophil progenitor this is your kit ligand that's your intraducent 3 that's your intraducent 3 and 5 iba yung ipu-produce eto yung gusto kung makikita rin yung isapa okay are you guys seeing this the mega-carouside eritracide progenitor yes po sir ayan so from a common progenitor by the influence of your your FL-3 yung FL-T FL-T-3 ligand natin yung CM colonistimulating factor it will now become your mega-carouside eritracide progenitor a big question sa inyo siguro sir paano pumalalaman ni sel kung kailangan niya maging eritracide paano niya pumalalaman kung kailangan niya maging trombosides or platelets doon ngayon papasok na tatandaan ninyo yung tinatawag natin mga hormones si eritropoetin at siya kasi trombopoetin okay si trombopoetin later on ko pa dapat i-discuss pero trombopoetin tandaan yun na lang baka lumabas pa sa exam trombopoetin okay this is your eritropoetin okay so balik ako so kapag meron po tayong eritropoetin sa sabihin niya okay mega-carouside eritracide progenitor ayam EPO ay need more red blood cells so doon siya ngayon magiging pronormo blast ito kulang toha pero short cut to magiging eritracide na siya ngayon nagigets pag naman si TPO ang nag-interact kay mega-carouside eritracide progenitor natin it will influence the cell into becoming your mega-carouside your mega-carouside and eventually your platelets are we clear? So nakikita niyo ngayon yun yung point ko sa instructive na may mga cytokines that influences a particular cell into becoming that specific cell na kailangan are we clear? yes po sir go yung trombopoetin po ba? hormone din po siya? hormone created by the liver okay po pasulat na lang ha yung trombopoetin natin a hormone secreted by the liver si eritropoetin a hormone secreted by what by what organ? chat box okay correct it is by your kidneys okay tatandaan yun ha bakit ko paulit-ulit tinatan ko kasi if you're going through I don't know if you realize but one important thing okay parang lahat connected naman si spleen, si liver pero bakit may naliligao ko y kidney so I don't know kung magagrass nyo makukuhan nyo pa yung idea pero doon kasi sa kidneys ninyo yun yung pinakasensitif na nakakadetek kung may hypoxha what is hypoxha? kulang sa oxygen okay si kidney na didetek na ay kulang sa oxygen lalabas ngayon si eritropoetin okay napupunta sa bone marrow danon siya inhima actually makakatulong sa inyo yung pag-dodrawing ninyo kung paano nangyari yung bagay-bagay okay kasi doon nyo parang doon nyo mas masos solidify yung topics na alam ninyo okay so clear na ba tayo ha sa common lymphoid precursor okay so dahil sinabi ko na rin kanina di ba mamaya kasi didesk mamaya asesent hopefully okay medyo jump back ng friday ko ngayon pero i'll try na matapos mamayang madaling araw yung part na yung part na yung part na tao dito yung part nang eritropoetin para mabigay ko sa inyo over ng friday okay so ano ba ba? sir question go with all the diagrams po ano po yung kailangan namin i-memorize or i-review po with all the diagrams that are here for me nga sa eritropoetin kasi mamaya meron kasi yung meron kasi yung patlong eto kasing nakita nyo dito short cut to merong pro normal blast tapos merong normal blast merong iba iba pa siyang stage which is actually here sa chapter eto eto yung susunod na i-discuss ko eto siguro eto yung isa nakailangan yung i-memorize yung pro normal blast yan eto eto yung isang kailangan yung i-memorize actually din naman diagram actually kahit ito lang i-memorize nyo yung mga names yan na siya siguro yung point ko lang jm na sinasabi kong diagram mas mas i-intindihan ninyo yung parang ito mas mas i-intindihan ninyo yung point ko ng stochastic ng asymmetric kapag may diagram na anan ninyo siya parang pagbinasang mo lang ok ito yung stochastic random ok parang sometimes kasi we need to visualize ako kasi visual ako I don't know yung iba sa inyo naman na siya pero yan nga ito yung sinasabi ko sa inyo kanina na itong part na yan so may tanong pa sir yun pa paulit yung posan ko nag-offer yung multilingage priming model yung dun ko sa ay napo yung diagrams ito yung multilingage kasi yung multilingage natin is governed by your genes ok sabi natin kanina yung mga genes yung mga genes na yan they will either repress or amplify amplify mapapansin kanina di ba sabi ko si FL-3 at si Kit Ligan or actually yung production nila are influenced by your genes so Kit yung instructive at yung multilingage model natin they overlap nagigets ko ako so parang gali ito siya di ba sabi ko kanina yung instructive natin is because of the bone marrow micro environment ok nakakuha so siyang instructive but if we are going to dig deeper dito sa dito sa topic nato there are internal and external factors that will now influence micro environment so parang si multilingage mo dito ok eto si internal and external factors ok internal factors i mean the gene external factor what i mean by there is your physiologic factors na so parang si multilingage they also influence your bone marrow micro environment hello thank you sir clear ba thank you so parang yung instructive mo at yung multilingage they overlap thank you sir so any question may tanong pa po gula kanong na guys hello po i think sir wala naman po at since wala naman na po at so if you don't have any questions now ayan siguro may night i'll send the power point with voice over na lang ok and i'll stop the recording na just like what i told you guys yesterday give me feedback


It's time to go ahead and get started, so it looks like people are still kind of funneling in. Is everybody ready to go? Everybody amped up? As you can see, this is Drupal in a Google AMP world. I grayed out the Google, because technically the AMP project is an independent open source project now, and so despite the fact that it's supposed to be disassociated from Google, I've actually been to a couple of AMP summits, and it is only Google people. So yeah, it's going to be a while before they kind of shake it off. First I just want to say thank you very much to everybody here at DrupalCon, and for all you attendees, especially here in Vienna, I know that this is really going to be kind of the big banana for Europe, and so I'm glad that we're able to share this together, and I hope that you find some value in this talk. I want to let you know that I gave this talk already to the Austin Drupal user group about a week ago, with lots of direct interactions throughout. It took about 45 to 50 minutes, and so I don't expect this to take the full hour, and so if you guys want to go play afterwards, you'll have plenty of time to do it, most likely. So first I just want to kind of talk about it over you, the talk, and kind of move from there. First I really want to talk a little bit more about what is AMP, even though we're talking about it really kind of in the context of Drupal. I think it's important to understand what AMP is, so that you'll kind of have an idea of what you're getting into if you don't already know. Next I want to talk about how AMP will make things better for you. Your mileage may vary, but kind of talk about the benefits of implementing the technology and the paradigms. Afterwards, I want to talk a little bit more about what's involved with making your Drupal instance AMP ready. We'll talk about things like the theme and things like the current module, but there's a lot of other items that just implementing AMP is one thing. It's kind of what's going to happen afterwards, right? The impact it's going to have on your web properties that we want to talk a little bit about. And then after that we'll kind of open it up for questions and discussions necessary. So first really what is AMP? AMP stands for Accelerated Mobile Pages. And there's really three components, but what I think people kind of leave out is the fact that AMP is really more principles than technology. We'll talk about those principles. We'll talk about AMP HTML, which is what is ultimately assembled for an AMP page and reflects an instance. Next we'll talk about AMP.js, which is really the backbone of AMP. After that we'll talk a lot more about the AMP cache itself and what that means in terms of the AMP offering as a whole. But I highly encourage you, if you want to learn anything about AMP, to go to theampproject.org. They do a much better job than I do explaining what this stuff is and how it works. All the answers to your questions could be answered there. And they have a really handy contact us at the very bottom so you can reach directly out to the people and they will be more than happy to work with you. So principles, principles first. What they really want to focus on is how the user experience is greater than the developer experience, right? And so that's even more important than the ease of implementation. And so there are some nuances, some quirks, some difficulties behind AMP that a lot of developers feel, but ultimately it's all about user experience, right? We're talking about speed, we're talking about reliability, and sometimes you're just going to have to kind of swallow the pill to make it work. And for those of you that are involved with web optimization and web performance, oftentimes it can be a pretty hairy battle, right? Just to squeeze half a second out of your website, especially if it's the grand summary or result of years of bad practices or just kind of compromises you may have made against your better judgment. So that's really what it's all about is the user experience. Only do things if they can be made fast, and that's really what's key. You'll find that there are a lot of components, a lot of tags, a lot of facilities that are provided by the AMP project, but I want you to understand that the reason that they built those was that it was focused around the performance profile, right? And so if they implemented say like a Facebook tag or some kind of a widget like slides, right, for instance, they only did that because they could make it fast and it was, you know, in line with their principles for speed. And then once again, you know, the focus on the user experience is that, you know, that stuff should be prioritized, but you know, you can compromise when needed. Now, what's interesting about this principle is, you know, it kind of contradicts with certain aspects of AMP and we'll talk a little bit more about that in a moment here, but again, user experience, speed, that's really the goal. So AMP HTML, you know, it is HTML, but it has some restrictions. You know, you can usually identify AMP HTML pretty quickly by knowing that it's AMP, you'll usually see this really sweet little lightning bolt or the word AMP actually in the tag, but that's the number one indicator. It starts with the first thing to say like, this is AMP HTML, right? There is no external CSS in AMP HTML, which I think is really worth pointing out. You can't include a style sheet, which is, you know, where some of the pain can be felt, right?  No, that's not the way it works with AMP HTML. We'll talk a little bit more about that here in a moment, but you have to embed all of your CSS or custom CSS in the head of the document, and there's a limit to how much you can actually put in there to maintain performance characteristics. And then, of course, there are the full tag substitutions to make sure that everything is performant, right? So a good example of that is the AMP image tag. For brevity, I didn't put all the various attributes that are required, but for instance, on an AMP image, you have to have width and height. And that's so that when the page is rendered and it draws out, it will know the dimensions in advance so that it can build the page out correctly, and that's part of the speed requirements. So again, it's HTML, but there's some restrictions. And while I won't talk about a lot of those restrictions for the individual tags here, again, the AMP project will give you everything you need to know and a justification for it as well. So this is what an AMP document, a very minimal document, will look like. A couple of things I want to point out. You don't have the lightning bolt in this one. They decided to go with just AMP here. But some of the things that are very important to point out is how this script right here is very early in the document, right? Also notice that it's async, so even though it's early, it's still getting a certain level of priority. There's this schema, which helps for the identification of the types of content, especially when it comes to indexing and presenting that information back in search results. Stuff's pretty important, as is this viewport. It has this canonical link right here, and that stuff is all described for what it's used for. And then lastly, there's this boiler plate, which is a lot of the animation overrides to make sure that how things are rendered are somewhat normalized. There's a really interesting explanation about it on the website, if you guys want to know a little bit more about it. But after that, you kind of just go and you can start adding to the body as you normally would. So AMP.js, I want to make it very clear. It's a part of AMP. It's not a custom dev framework, right? It's not like React or Angular or jQuery or something like that. It comes back to this include right here. And so what happens is you bring it in, and it ensures that you get the fast rendering of AMP HTML pages. And it does that by loading all resources on the page asynchronously, based on the tags, the sources of the various tags that you've got. And it also carries the definitions of all those custom elements, right? So AMP image, AMP Twitter, stuff like that. It knows how to interpret those. It knows how to render those. It knows how to make it all wired together. And it all runs just by virtue of being included in the page. It implements the conventions, but what's even more important is that it implements the validation. And so just briefly, I want to talk about how AMP documents can be validated against the rules, the principles behind it. And that's amazing because show of hands, how many of you validate your HTML? About half. Do you do it automatically? Even fewer. So you guys are the few, right? And so with AMP, it's nice because validation is just really an integral part of it. It wants to make sure that you're conforming to the conventions to make sure you keep those performance characteristics.  And so that validation is really critical. You can use it for your needs, but Google will validate your documents. And it will penalize you if they're not valid. So again, it's all about that include up there in the blue. You just bring it in, and you can use it. And it's just part of your standard boilerplate document. So AMP cache. That's really kind of the unsung hero of AMP, in my personal opinion.  But what about the speed of your page as it relates to the user's location if you're hosting it from one data center? It's still only going to be as fast as that connection. Well, AMP cache is a facility that's provided CDN, and it will deliver all valid AMP documents once it's actually been identified and indexed. And that's huge. That way, it will deliver it for you. It will deliver it instantly as part of search results. And so it sits in front, and allows for things to maintain their performance over the network as opposed to just the document itself. And that's really huge. And it guarantees your performance across the globe. For websites that I run, it's tricky trying to run a distributed application in multiple geographies and maintain a high level of performance. And so it's nice to know that you kind of have this CDN that's provided that kind of automatically keeps things fast for you. But the key is that it only will store valid documents. And so it performs validation for you, and it will kind of enforce the rules. And so that's kind of nice, but it's also kind of difficult to work with in some ways. But if you're going to use AMP, why not take advantage of the AMP cache? They built it, and they provided it for you, and it just really ensures that performance. And then in some ways, too, it also goes above and beyond because the AMP cache is all HTTP2, and it leverages the performance characteristics of HTTP2, such as compression for headers, stuff like that, where it will keep things fast, and it knows how to do so in the context of AMP documents. And so that's nice from an ops perspective, where if you have an implemented HTTP2, as long as you are delivering an AMP document, and is able to be cached by the AMP cache, you can get HTTP2 benefits without doing anything to your existing infrastructure. And here's the best part. It's free. And I know we all like free. No? Yes? OK. So how will AMP make things better for you? Well, first, as you can see about the principles, it's really all about the user experience. And I think that all of us like fast pages in as long as there is a principled discipline that allows you to have fast pages that will be relatively minimal in terms of complexity, then you're guaranteeing yourself a better user experience. It is reduced complexity. If you've got a ton of CSS on your website, that's a complex website. Not only is it going to be slow, but it's going to be difficult to maintain.  Who here has websites that's got 10,000 lines of CSS? Yeah, yeah. That's complexity, right? More consistency, I mean, I think that you're going to find that as long as you are producing reliably consistent AMP documents that are valid, you're going to get a consistent performance. If you're using AMP cache, you're going to get consistent response times. And so you're not going to be subject to the effects of response times, especially for averages, where say somebody accesses your website from a country that's got a slow internet connection. Your averages get dragged up, right? Because even though it may be fast in, say, like the United States or in Europe, it may not be all that fast in, say, like Africa or to something like Australia, right? And so you get that better consistency with something like AMP cache. Now as far as the better user experience, again, you get that mobile-first profile, the validation does improve the reliability of your pages. The better interactions with the AMP components is really important. Not only are they insured to operate quickly, but they're insured to operate, which is huge. They're going to provide you things like the slideshow or the Facebook integration or the analytics integration. And they have vetted that not only does it perform, but that it actually operates. And so instead of you writing your own custom implementation, which may be subject to break, you're using proven, reliable components. Now in terms of reduced complexity, this comes back to the limits on CSS. You only get 50K of CSS. And so you're going to really have to choose what you want to build and how complex you want things to look. And I think that's important, especially when it comes to the balance between UX and design and development, having some constraints. Because oftentimes, speaking for myself as having filled both roles, but being dominantly dev, I can get crazy requests coming in, which is tons of CSS or something that's going to require so much CSS, or just really complicated CSS to achieve something. And then it may not work in all browsers. It's just really nice to operate with some level of constraint. Only the AMP elements are supported, so it guarantees that performance. And so you're not going to have the burden of building anything, or you're not going to have the chore of, say, going out across the web and looking for some kind of turnkey component for something, like a slide show or something. At least you know that you're getting it from a pre-vetted list that's already ready to go. And then those principles and docs provide good guidance and context. And so as you've got developers, a developer team, and then they're all trying to produce an AMP document, and they're all referring to the same documentation, and they're all operating under the same principles, you're going to get a lot more understanding amongst them and agreement, which I think is really important, especially if you have, say, a distributed team. Now, again, the CDN does improve that global and device consistency. And I think that that's really important. You want to know if your website's fast no matter where you're at. So that consistency is huge, and that's a big benefit to why, what AMP does for you. That validation of documents does enforce that consistent profile. Again, it's a valid document, so I know it will be fast. And then I know it will be consistent. That consistent development, once again, is just huge. Having developers all on the same page is a big one. And being able to take away the opinions from, say, senior developers versus junior developers, and then being able to point back to this one single source of truth about how documents are supposed to be formed and operate, that's a big benefit. I mean, think about it. How many arguments have you seen? I have just semantics of CSS or HTML. I've seen lots. And then with the divide of traditional HTML versus things like HTML5, I've seen arguments about the article tag. It's time to overcome that stuff and get a little bit more consistent. So what's involved with making your Drupal instance AMP ready? So I really want to talk a little bit more about the AMP contrib module that's out there right now. I'm going to talk also briefly about the AMP contributed theme. But then I want to talk a little bit more about the analytics. And there's not really anything that's turnkey or specific to Drupal per se when it comes to the analytics. But I think that it's important to point out what's going to happen once you've got AMP pages out in the wild and how you're going to try to address those things, running them from your, not only your instance, but also the broader web property as a whole. So the AMP contrib module, there's the URL. Pretty easy to look up, but it's there for your reference. I want to point out that you need to make sure that your website is governed by a composer-based installation because it requires the Lullabot AMP library. The AMP library is really quite fascinating. What it will do is it will take HTML as an input, rewrite it into AMP HTML, and spit it out. And so there's a lot of magic that's happening there. And so that's really good for say like WYSIWYG content where you've got embedded images or whatever have you. But at the same time, I want to point out that it is rewriting your output kind of without your knowledge, right, or control, right? It's just this kind of crazy format output. It does provide all the different configurations you can have for a Drupal instance in terms of AMP readiness. It provides a variety of display modes or view modes. And it provides the different text formats that will be required to make sure you're outputting valid AMP. And that really kind of ties in these text formats in the AMP library kind of go hand in hand. And then it also handles other elements as well. Now the theme, you would think that the theme would be responsible for most of the actual HTML tag implementations, but it's not. The module does quite a bit of it. For example, the AMP analytics tag, it will embed that tag for you based on the presence of an actual configuration value. And so it does a lot of the heavy lifting for you. And because it does that, it may not necessarily provide all of the features or functionality you need. So like AMP analytics is a good example of where you might need to do something specific. But it's just got one single configuration that will embed that tag for you. And so depending on the level of complexity of your website, you might find that the AMP contrib module is helpful only to a certain extent. You might actually need to implement quite a bit on your own, depending on your needs. What will happen is you will activate the module. And then you will need to specify a theme. And then you will need to create an alternative view mode for each of your content types. And then you will need to go to each of your fields. And then you will need to apply a text format. And when it's all said and done, you will have a duplicate version of your page that should be AMP compliant. And you can access it by simply adding the AMP query parameter to the end of your document and end of your URL. And so for the idea that you actually have to have two versions of your website, there's the standard version and the AMP version, this kind of enforces that paradigm. Now I can tell you now that, in my opinion, you don't have to have two versions of your website. Now I think when it comes to Drupal, it's kind of forced if you're going to use the contrib version or the contrib solutions. But one of the principles, and I didn't really talk about it here, is that AMP shouldn't break things. And that should be the last thing it does. It's HTML with restrictions. And so for instance, my website is an AMP website. There's only one version. It's AMP. It loads great. It loads great on every browser. And I don't have any issues with it, right? But then again, it's a manually curated HTML. It's not an actual Drupal site. And so I'm able to get away with that. So I want to point out that once again, that the AMP URLs go to the AMP view mode for a content type. And so if you've got two dozen content types, you're going to have two dozen view modes that you're going to have to go configure. And that could be a bit of a chore, right? Hopefully, depending on the complexity of your website, only some content types would be in scope. I would hate to think that you would have to go do this for all of your content types, right? And it can be tricky, especially if some of your content types already have multiple view modes, say like a teaser versus the default, right? Well, then would you need an AMP teaser and an AMP default? And then so at that point, it almost forces like doubling up. And again, that library can rewrite the HTML via the field format. And that's, I think it's worth pointing out as a word of caution. However, we use Drupal to rewrite our output all the time. So I don't think that there's any point in being hypocritical about it, right? Token replacement's a good example. Stripping tags that are not allowed in some field. We already kind of do that, so we should feel relatively comfortable. Just know that it's not Drupal that's doing it. It's a composer package that's doing it. And so I think it's worth pointing out. So that was really the module and what you would get from the module itself. Then there's the theme. And despite the fact that you can install the module without the theme, you won't get any kind of output. So you have to install the theme. There's the URL for your reference. So it comes out of the box with a base theme. Then it comes with an example theme. The base theme cannot be set as the default for your website. It will totally explode, and I highly recommend against it. But you can also specify a theme in the module, which will be a sub theme. But you can't specify the base theme. And so it's a little tricky. And that's really kind of what this line talks about, how it can't be the default for the AMP configs.  And so there's some work there. It's not quite as turnkey as you might hope it is, where you just beep-bop-boop. Unless you want to use the example theme. And even then, that's only going to take you so far. And so understand that there is a level of commitment that's going to need to be applied if you're going to go down this route. That's the example sub theme. And the good thing about it is that it does work, and you can use it to see an example of how things will work. And it does provide guidance in terms of the actual code, what the twig files should look like, what the configurations of the sub theme should look like. So it's helpful, but it only goes so far. It's really just a base theme that you're going to be obligated to extend. Next is really going to be focused on these analytics. What happens to your analytics? What happens in the world once this is out there? First off, you have to use AMP-specific analytics and add tags, very much like you have to have AMP ready image tags or social media tags, whatever have you. That's a good thing. There are really two versions of it. There's AMP Pixel and AMP Analytics. AMP Pixel is really quite neat. If you just need to do page views, if you're not doing anything sophisticated with your analytics, AMP Pixel is great, poof.  It loads up instantly, and it tracks your page views against measurement protocols. It's very lightweight. But if you need to do something a little bit more sophisticated, say like if somebody completes a form, you want to track some kind of event, you would leverage AMP Analytics and some of its protocols to perform those types of operations. E-commerce tracking is another good example of the kinds of things you would need to do with the AMP Analytics counterpart. So regardless of which implementation you use, AMP manages a client ID for your browser. And I want to point out how really awesome that is, that they did that for us. And that really comes down to the fact that if you're using an AMP cache, your website's going to be served from URLs that are not your domain. And so wouldn't those be duplicate page views? Wouldn't that be another property? Wouldn't those be other sessions? Well, AMP overcomes that by governing the client ID that's used in identifying all of your tracks and your measurement. It does that for you automatically. And that's just one of those things that you have to kind of get into the docs to figure out, but it's a huge accommodation that they just kind of baked in. And another reason why you want to make sure you conform to the different tags that they provide. So you will get the impact on URLs at the very least. If you're going to go coming out of Drupal, you're going to get the AMP query parameter. And so you would see that in measurement reports unless you have some kind of filters pulling that out. But you do have the cache URLs versus the domain URLs. So here's an example of CNN, which has AMP articles. When you do the search and you see an article and you click on it, this is the URL that will be in the URL bar. And so who gets the credit for that page view? How do you know that people are even hitting your website? They're not. They're hitting it from cache under a different URL. But if you're using the AMP analytics tags correctly, it will automatically know that it wants to use, actually wants to attribute the page view against this portion of the URL and not Google.com.  So it will overcome all that stuff for you. And again, I want to make sure everybody understands that these are the implications that you're going to be fighting once this is out in the wild. Luckily, they have a lot of baked-in solutions for you. That's really it. Again, I said this was going to be relatively quick and easy. I didn't want to overload you with too much text on the screen. But that's really it in a nutshell. Any questions? Everybody?  And please. Quick question about validation. So when you update your content, how does that get spread back to the cache, Google's cache? That's a good question. So if you update content, your server should deliver headers that indicate that it's been modified. And then the next time it tries to pull it up, it should see that there is a conflict between the last modified date. And then it should automatically update it for you. It's not really any different than the operation of, say, like Akamai or Varnish for that matter, any kind of edge kind of cache. And so it does honor those kind of conventions. And so yeah, nothing new, nothing new there. Any other questions? Has anyone implemented an app site? Yeah? Am I being truthful here, guys? You don't think so? Please. Hi. For an AMP implementation, how do you handle pages for which an AMP version exists, but they have been accessed directly from the browser or from some through the navigation of the website and not through the Google search results? Are you kind of forcing the AMP version to the user? Or you will serve, let's say, a responsive version, a responsive mobile version to the mobile device? That's a good question. So let's go look at this area over here. If we go into the guides, let's see here, there's a section that really covers like the, let's see here. Here we go. Discovery. So you'll have the AMP HTML version described in a link, and then you'll have the canonical version. And so what will happen is your search results will see that you've got these alternative versions linked in your document, and it will want to present the AMP version for you. But the canonical that you've specified is always the original document. And so unless folks are going directly to that URL or you are linking to that URL, it should be just the same website. Does that answer your question? So I'll rephrase it. In our context, we are only enabling a subset of the website for AMP, not everything. So let's say a user from a mobile device would go into the home page of the website. And then through the navigation of the website, it will land onto a page for which AMP exists. So right now, there is no mechanism for the browser to understand that that page is also AMP enabled and to get the AMP version instead. So unless you're coming from the Google search results or some other websites like LinkedIn or whatever, they are fetching from the Google CDN, there is no automatic mechanism to say, OK, there is an AMP version for this page, take the AMP version instead. So that was my question. I understand. To me, that sounds kind of like a specific use case, because it's a subset of your pages and you've got a menu. I would look at maybe just off the top of my head, something like a device, interpreting the user's device to see if they are a mobile user and if they are a mobile user use context to provide an alternative version of the menu that picks up the links for the pages where that is an option, something like that. It could be that it's either the user's device where it also could be the viewport width, which would just kind of imply that it was an AMP document. But that sounds like it's kind of an individual use case overall, because the devices themselves aren't looking for mobile page options. Now, that may not be true in the future. I could see that if a user, say on an Android device, is using the Chrome mobile browser, it could very easily interpret these link tags. And then automatically, you wouldn't have to modify your menu. The theory is that if you went to a page and as it was loading, it encountered the link tag early in the head. And it saw that an AMP HTML counterpart existed, it could then redirect temporarily to load that page. And I think that that would be a fair feature. I don't know that I would want it to be something I could disable, I don't know that forcing it would be a good idea, especially if, say, because it's a separate version, it's not beyond the realm of reason for somebody with an existing website to want to be adapting it for AMP compatibility, but it's not official yet. And then if it started going to AMP pages that are not fully fleshed out yet, and they're kind of broken, it could be problematic. And you would want to make sure that you hobbled that kind of functionality at word out there. Does that answer your question a little bit better? Great. Any other questions? Any stories? Yes, my question would be, well, this is for anonymous users to cache all the sites anonymous users can see. But what happens if a user is logged in with a Chrome browser and is coming to Google searching for something, finding the AMP, what version will be a display for him? That's a good question. So it needs to be a valid document. And so as long as you are telling, you are making the pages discoverable to Google, you're indicating to Google, I want you to see these alternative versions. Does that make sense? Maybe I didn't. Maybe there's a little example. Yeah, please. No, if you have an example. Oh, well, so let's see here to repeat the questions so I understand completely. How is it that if a user goes to search results, that you can indicate to Google to serve AMP as the results? No? Right. All right, so I'm never logged in with the AMP and I see the cached one from Google. Right, yes, Google won't give it to you unless you're on a mobile device. But you also have to have this discoverability, right? Google has to also know that it can give you an AMP alternative if you're on the right kind of device. All right. That's interesting. But I don't think that Google would be involved with the personalization. But if we were to use, if there were dynamic content, let's go in here and let's go look at the reference, for example, like dynamic content. So if it were like a web push or some kind of user notification, just as an example, that would still be part of the device session, right? I mean, the default page that's delivered by AMP cache or by your site is still going to be generic, right? Unless you actually have Drupal doing the assembly of the personalized content. Like if that content's loading asynchronously on the client based on some kind of reverse IP lookup, which I would recommend, right? Then it wouldn't matter which version you're loading. But if it's Drupal that's doing, if it's a server side perspective, then that would be tricky because you wouldn't want it to cache, right? Because it would be personalized, right, out of cache. Yeah, that would be how it's loading from that one URL. Yeah, if it's coming, even if you're logged into the website, if you do a search result for the same website and you're getting an AMP search result that's valid in the cache, yeah, it's not going to hit your website whatsoever. It's going to load it all straight out of the cache and not just the page, but all of the components as well. So images and all that. Another question. How is it about other search engines like being how did they implement it already, maybe? I'm not sure if being is honoring the AMP project. I would assume that they're not. I mean, it's Microsoft. They always kind of go their own way, right? But to my knowledge, being does not deliver from search results that are in the AMP caches or anything like that. But that's just to my knowledge. I haven't spent that much time on it, to be completely honest. Thank you. Well, thank you so much for the question. Hi, I'm Daniel. I work with InSales in a company in Norway. We focus on the media. So this is more of a sales question, I guess. First of all, do you have any good numbers in terms of the results on the other side for the customer? Do you have any very satisfied customers that you can show to? Yeah, I mean, customers, it's very anecdotal, right? But as long as it feels fast to them, that's the real big one. But not from my own personal stories, but I can at least refer to the recent incident where AMP ads were having problems and they were a lot slower than the non-AM counterparts. And so some major websites that were leveraging AMP pulled out because of the impacts in advertising revenues. And Google had to directly make some changes and work with the AMP project to overcome those. Yeah, I think that was covered in yesterday. Yeah, he had mentioned it about that. Yeah, so those would be the areas where that would make sense. But I mean, the justifications for the speed, right, I was actually recommend maybe looking at some of these use cases or these case studies here, like Washington Post, and they'll give you a little bit more concrete aspects. Cool, second question. So now, once you did it a couple of times, I guess, how much time does your team have to spend on it to implement one site? It depends on the implementation, right? So, and I'm sorry to dodge on that, but if you're going to have two versions of the website and you're going to do it through Drupal, it might take longer than if you're just building an AMP only version of a website. And so it just really depends on the scope and what the desired outcome is. And the schema stuff, and this was covered in the one yesterday, that the schema only covers news articles, recipes, and jeez, I forget the last one. But as long as it's a really like a news-centric article, kind of a website, then you're going to get even more benefits, right? Versus if it's just using AMP technology to ensure a certain performance profile, but it's more of a traditional website, this brochure website, or whatever have you. I mean, you're just going to really get the speed benefits, but you're not necessarily going to get indexed articles. And so it's really, it just depends on the context and the level of complexity, right? If you're really trying to leverage the max functionality, it's going to take a little bit longer. But once you've done it a few times, you know what's going on, it's not too bad. But are we talking a couple of hours, or are we talking a couple of days, or a couple of weeks? Well, here's a good example, on my personal website, I converted it to AMP HTML in like 90 minutes. Yeah, yeah, it didn't take very long at all. But then again, I had a simple website, right? So mileage may vary, right? It just depends on the size of the site and what it is that you're building. If it's using a content management framework, if it's Drupal, it could be a little bit more hairy. Yeah, definitely. Great, thank you. Hi, where do you stand in terms of the objections that people have in terms of intellectual property because you're just giving away your website to Google? Are there options to take it down if you want to take it down? Does Google always do the updates whenever you instruct the updates to happen? Where do you stand on that, what's your personal opinion? Because I get a lot of backlash. I just took a picture and tweeted it, your slide deck, and I'm awaiting backlash as we speak. You know, I gotta be completely honest. I give up, you know, really take it. There's no fighting it, right?  The NSA inspects everything I do and there's just no way around it. And so it's not... But in practical terms, right, like getting changes to happen, taking your own website down because you want to shut something down? Yeah, versus what's cash. Removing a page, yeah, removing a page that might not be the one you want it there. Yeah, I say if you put it on the internet, you do so at your own risk, you know. And then wanting to take it down, I mean, that's tricky. If you're implementing something and you're gonna leverage AMP cash, it seems, in my opinion, you are voluntarily coding it out there, right? You've kind of made that decision in advance and if you want to take it down. Well, personally, I fell for the hype and I installed the plug-in and I have my AMP working for me, but I hadn't really thought it through, so we'll see what happens. But then Google is promoting another kind of similar websites, which is progressive web apps, which share a lot of the same ideas. Or web amps, yeah, yeah. Again, prudence goes a long way, right? I think it's worth taking advantage of it and just kind of living with it. But if you can implement AMP without the AMP cash, right? And so if there's any doubt about wanting to pull something down or deal with the repercussions, then maybe you might just want to avoid discoverability and cashability in general. And just go for the best practices in terms of performance. Yeah, exactly. And so that way, if they are hitting your back end, at least you're just giving a very minimal response that's gonna have a performance profile. That's my stance. We can talk more about it afterwards. Okay. Yeah, you got it. So, well, we've got, let's see here, it's been about 50 minutes, which is almost exactly as long as it took when I was in Austin, which is awesome. But yeah, I mean, that's really all it. So thank you all so much for your time today. And I hope you all have a fantastic rest of the con. I had, this is a really quick plug. If any of you really like breakfast or cakes or teas, there is an amazing little cafe that's a short walk from here called Little Britain. That is just awesome. They have afternoon tea with sandwiches. I mean, they got all kinds of cool stuff, right? And so just my little recommendation for kind of some of the local fare is also another place called Ickies. Now I don't know how often I recommend a place called Ickies, right? But it's right around the corner and apparently they bring you a plate of meat that's grilled and that's it. It's just like this overwhelming amount of meat. And it's supposed to be really good and it's just like right over there. So, guys are looking for some fun local lunch action. Those are my recommendations to you. So, thanks again guys.


Team keep it clean. What's going on? It's engraving here with another video and in this video We almost said training can't be real quick while I got y'all here Well, whether you're watching this live or you watching this after it goes up as a regular video We got to realize and be very excited and grateful because we are We're less than a month away, man. We're less than a month away from the first preseason game Less than a month away. We're almost there We're almost there. We're like right there. We're so close We're less than one month away from the first preseason game between the Ravens and the Bears So football season is almost upon us, man we're almost there so with that being said something else that's almost upon us is Madden season and They came out with some official ratings today not They came out with some official ratings today and I'm like I'm not mad. I'm just I was kind of shocked I'm like, wow Lamar Jackson and Joe Fleco rated the exact same. They're both 79 overall That says a lot about how Madden feels about Joe Fleco That says a lot about how Madden feels about Lamar Jackson and I believe I'm pretty sure that Baker Mayfield is rated in 81 So that shows that they feel like a rookie a rookie QB hasn't even played a down in the NFL yet It's rated it rated better than Joe Fleco It also shows that they feel like a rookie to be who also hasn't played it down yet in that field that being Lamar Jackson It's just as good as Joe Fleco I know my boy get old vegan was he was super happy when he saw that But that's that's crazy, man, man. I and like I said, I'm not mad. I'm not mad I'm just I was just like why I couldn't believe it, man. I was just laughing. I'm still laughing.  I deleted it and then they came out with the beta So I had played that and whatever only played. I played literally Two games on the beta the first game I played on the beta It was like I wasn't really having fun with it. I was just like okay. What's that and then? Then I played my boy double law in the beta and I had a lot of fun playing So then I then that didn't hit me. I'm like man. I miss madden So then when the beta was done, I Reinstalled Madden 18 and played a couple games on and had I had so much fun Plus I got a new controller too because my old controllers. They broke and all that stuff But so yeah, Madden will be coming back the garlic videos. I don't know. We'll see I do those a lot different It's not gonna be nearly as much madden videos as I used to do back in the day for those of you that Were there a lot of you probably weren't even there which is fine But it'll it'll be some more madden videos because I just missed it man I missed editing those madden videos. I miss why I don't miss the work of editing but I do I do enjoy that final result, but um, I Just missed it. I miss putting up when I get whoop putting up when I whoop somebody either way man Y'all know everything will go up whether I won or lost in Madden. Everything would go up Because I know it's a lot of people out there a lot of Madden players out there if they lose Oh, if they lose they won't put it up and if they get whooped they won't even they'll they'll stop recording it in the middle of a video They'll stop recording in the middle of a video for a lot of Madden players that when they lose or when even when they get Whoop they'll say I'm not putting this on my channel. I'm not doing that. But me. Oh, oh y'all already know man Anybody who was here before like I said, I know a lot of y'all weren't but a lot of y'all were if y'all y'all know me y'all know if I whoop somebody is going up on the channel if I get whooped by somebody is going up on the channel everything must go everything must go so Either way man, but yeah, Lamar with Lamar Jackson and Joe Flacco rated the same I thought that was like that's really funny man. That's really funny Joe Flacco gonna had to earn Getting his rating up and Lamar Jackson will too, but Joe Flacco gonna have an easier time Getting his rating up because he is the starter Will Lamar Jackson be in the backup? It's really kind of it's really it's gonna be kind of tough for him to get his rating up Because depending on what he does, we'll see what they what they have what they have him do in Baltimore Hopefully like I said, I don't want to have him doing all that tricky stuff But anyway, are any y'all gonna be playing Madden or any y'all gonna be playing Madden And what system you gonna be playing it for me? I'm gonna be on Xbox one. I really really really really really really I want to play it on ps4 too cuz I got people that I really want to play shout out to Katie G I don't know if he's in here, too. Um, I know the great Patriot my boy, uh, George I got some people that I really want to play those guys in ps4 too, man. I don't cuz I I Xbox one just to straight up and this ain't to offend anybody, but this is just from my experience with Madden Xbox one is the elite Console when it comes to Madden players the Madden players in Xbox are so much better than ps4 players overall all of Not all of them, but most of them in my experience Xbox players are far better than ps4 players in Madden I'm not trying to offend anybody, but hey, it's true.  It's the truth So if any y'all got Xbox one if you got both then you know from experience If you got both Xbox one and ps4, then you know from experience that Xbox players are far better than ps4 I don't know what it is. I don't know. I don't know what it comes down to Maybe it's the controller maybe since Xbox got the bulkier controller and a bigger controller That makes the Xbox players feel like they bigger and better and makes them just play with a swag on Madden. That's unmatched I don't know maybe because ps4 controllers are Slim and they are a little probably a little more fragile than uh Xbox one controller That's my that's maybe why the ps4 madden players are a little more fragile than xbox one players I don't know man, but trust me if you play madden on xbox one and you go over to ps4 Once you get used to the controller and everything goes game over.  There goes my boy. Get over here. I know he was happy about this He was happy about this If my boy, he's ready for the mob, man. He's ready. He's ready. A lot of us are ready We got to get flak on shot though. Give him a fair chance.    It's a video game. Chill out Jeez, but you know, it's always them people, man So yeah, that's that um James said he's skipping the hall of fame.  That's what's up, man But yeah, man, don't don't don't don't get too Don't get too worked up over these lists, man and over these over these ratings too Because it's always somebody it's always somebody. Oh ea's the same game every year. I'm not gonna play madden It's the same game every year But right in august you could check that person's uh credit card statement or their bank statement And you will see walmart a charge for 62 92 or half a much of taxes are in your state And if you could get the details of that charge It would be them going to the electronic section of walmart and buying madden Or they may just do it straight from the xbox or the ps4 and that's what you can see in detail madden 19 And in fact those people that say they're not gonna play it and they're not gonna buy it Those be the main people buying the hall of fame editions So they pay that extra $20 to get all them muck cards muck points muck whatever They pay that extra to be the same people same people saying oh, I'm not buying madden That's the same game that they had for the past six years. It's just a roster update. It's nothing different Those be the same people buying it. Oh, those be the first people in line Those be the first people that pre-ordered the game as soon as they saw to was on the cover Oh, that money got spent baby that money got spent so Anyway, I look forward to madden. I look forward to it every year. I enjoy it. I also am realistic about it So I know it's never gonna be perfect. A lot of people think madden is gonna be perfect and it's just not so anyway Madden video madden 19 videos will be coming to the channel streams regular videos It'll be more streams than regular videos because that's just easier for me to do But madden 19 will be on this channel. So if you like madden 19, y'all already know man. I love y'all I'm out Madden 19 is in


What's up guys evil D here, and today I had some highly exciting news now You know a while back I proposed all I actually put out there saying hey Why don't we have any like gaming dictionaries for Esperanto and then like a bunch of you guys went off and you discussed it in different locations But shortly after that I was actually approached by and I can't really pronounce his name So sorry if I really butch this a guy called Yavis, I think anyway He brought he approached me with Chuck Smith and it turns out that he's a guy who runs compoteco Which is the biggest like online dictionary regarding computer terminology Like if you need to know anything about computers you go to that dictionary and you look it up So he approached me and he actually suggested since games are related to computers in most ways I'm willing to open up a section in the dictionary related to gaming terms Now this is epic news because for one we don't have to go and establish like a brand new dictionary type of thing All we have to do is form like a group and then come up with good suggestions for certain Translations put them into like a big list and send them off to him and he'll enter them into the dictionary and boom done We've got like an online dictionary searchable. It's available multiple languages Eventually we can put different languages in there to try and help us all out in from you know different parts of the world to understand a different terminology So in lieu of that what I've done is I've created a Facebook group now I put the group down in the description Anyone can join and the whole idea behind the group is one just to discuss games in Esperanto or you could do other languages You know really I'm not pedantic like that Just obviously Esperanto is what most people in the group are gonna speak either that or English or maybe a few other languages But yeah propose Or just like chat about gaming type things But also the main focus of the group is to try and create standardization in Esperanto for gaming terms because there's a couple of like um Like reasonable-sized youtubers out there who do Esperanto games like some do it just an Esperanto some do like me You know English talking about Esperanto, but we're all using different terminology now The thing is we're all correct in what we're doing But we're translating it in different ways and it would be good just to try and keep it You know across the board the same and standardized if we all had just one spot that we could go to to look up words now Comple tech or is really really established in the Esperanto community.  I'm going old school. I'm thinking of forums But yeah create a post in the Facebook group say, you know, I'm looking for this word How do I say this a bunch of other people can jump in you know Beginners to advance speakers and propose different solutions the best proposals obviously gonna be the one that gets the most Proposals to it or the one of the most likes whatever. I'll have a look and I think we've actually come to like a good solution I'll chuck it into my list and then once we get enough words I'll send it off to Yves and he'll add it into compoteco. So there you go We have an Esperanto gaming dictionary ready to go now. We just need people to take part And I'm sure you're all highly excited about this like I am so yes, please like this video Share it around with any Esperanto game as you know because let's get the ball rolling people and if you haven't subscribed already Of course subscribe and I'll see you in the next video and if you're not there Well, I'm gonna find you in whatever game you're playing and camp your body


Hi everyone, this is Shruthanjay Narayanan. I have received the 75th Bank of all India in the UPSC results that came out today I'm extremely blessed and delighted and thankful for the support of everyone But primarily Shankar IS Academy and the entire institution which has been a very important part of this journey I'd like to remember Shankar sir here whose blessings are still with all of us. It was a constant Inspiration and he always nudged me to do my best and be my best always. So thank you Shankar sir My optional subject was sociology and I did that Under the guidance of Rajitha ma'am. She was more than a teacher a very very Close confidant friend who's always there anytime we we called you know speaking about her anxiety About our stress. She was always there, but she was an amazing teacher as well who got an interest in sociology for me So, thank you ma'am. All faculty at Shankar Academy We're amazing Peresha Chandwanna Vijay sir Dinesh sir Ganesh sir Everybody played a very important part in nurturing an interest in the subject and wanting to develop ourselves to the best versions of Of ourselves still the interview in fact were always available So thanks a lot to all the faculty and of course the support staff Shankar IS Academy in Sonnale. It's a very positive and beautiful place where all of us want to come and learn I think that's the hallmark of the beautiful institution that Shankar sir has created to all the support staff were very kind and Helped us to give us our test papers on time to give us our marks on time our videos on time So thank you everyone and of course my family friends and all the well-wishers for their Kindness warmth and their good wishes and thank you


The study aimed to develop a novel drug delivery system using titanium dioxide, TiO2, nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol, PEG, and loaded with 2-methoxyestratio, 2-mi, which was characterized through IR and Raman spectroscopy, revealing effective adsorption capability for drug delivery. This article was authored by Andrea Leon, Patricia Ryukwin, Carolina Garan, and others.


Jota, and now he plays it in for Nunes, and there's no flag this time. And Liverpool within three and a half minutes of the restart against a Bournemouth backline that had defended so statically in the first half. A carved open early in this second period as Nunes rolls it in for a sixth Premier League goal of the season. Yeah, we didn't see that one coming. It was nicely done, normally finished into the bottom corner. He's beaten Zabani there as a tangle between the two and picked up by Gakpo, who plays it into Diogo Jota, who fires it off the right hand post. And the league leaders look like they're going to be extending their advantage at the top of the table to five points as their ruthless attacking streak sees Jota make it 2-0 off the upright. Yeah, he's hit it so well. I think Neto thought if he's going to beat me, he's going to have to beat me on the far post. It's Nunes with a little chop, and then over the head of Graven Berchie was coming in. Runs all the way through to Bradley on this right-hand side. Back it comes to Jota, he miscues, might get another go. Oh, he does get another go. That is the end of the game. Diogo Jota, well, he completely missed the first effort, but there was no one around to take advantage and get it clear, and he hammered it with his right foot beyond Neto, and 11 minutes left. That is the leaders all done and dusted 3-0. Now, this effort, this way, don't they, Liverpool? It's Gomez swings a ball in towards the back post, and in comes Nunes, and it's four. And that's hard on the cherries, that fourth, I think. Gomez swung it across, and the defenders just switched off for a minute. Dalmy Nunes poked out a foot and found the corner, and it stopped his time at the end of the game. It's Bournemouth-Neal, Liverpool four.