Hi, I am Min Chang Xiao. I am a PhD student from Medical Genomics Lab from University of Alabama at Birmingham. Medical Genomics Lab is a CAP certified non-profit clinical lab, and Dr. DuVen Mission is the lab director. We offer comprehensive testing for common and rare genetic disorders, including NF1, Spray1, Washing Simzone, NF2, and Swannomatosis. I would like to introduce our study recently published in the journal Human Mutation. Parental Medi-Edit and Replication-Dependent Pathogenic Structural Arrangements within the NF1 gene.  This disorder is caused by mutation in the NF1 gene on chromosome 17. Within intron 40 of the NF1 gene, there is a 197-base-pale-long palindromic 80-rich repeat, as known as P8 or R17. We identified 6 unrelated patients with a rearrangement involving intron 40, including 5 deletions and 1 translocation between chromosome 14 and 17. Palindromic sequences are able to be associated with DNA double-shrine break. Therefore, we hypothesized that P8 or R17 might be involved in all of the rearrangement, thereby causing NF1. Breakpoint cloning revealed that P8 or R17 was indeed involved in all of the rearrangements. In all 5 deletions, as microhomology was present at all breakpoint junctions, and all P8 or R17 partner breakpoints were located within 7.1 kB upstream of P8 or R17. For storing and template switching was the most likely rearrangement mechanism. In addition, we identified introgenic rearrangement hotspot within the NF1 gene to a 7-base-pale sequence within the P8 or R17 loop. We proposed that, during DNA replication, P8 or R17 may form a helping structure that can store DNA replication. After disengaging from the original replication fork, the stored strain is free to invade a nearby replication fork through microhomology. Subsequently, the DNA replication restores an automated result in these deletions. In the translocation case, we proposed that the P8 or R17 form a cruciform structure storing DNA replication. The stored strains may go backwards and attempt to replicate again to surpass the collapsed replication fork. This serial storing and rede replication resulted in the 51 base-pale insertion and a failure to continue replication, leading to a 5.5 kB deletion on chromosome 17. On chromosome 14, a shorter panoramic zone and a cultured plaques form an g-ray sequence made it to a 4.8 kB deletion. Ultimately, the forebroken ends were likely misaligned through microhomology and connected by non-homologous end joining resulting the corpusomal translocation. Although several previous studies indicate a purely replication independent mechanism for P8 or R17 mediated translocations, the P8 or R17 mediated introgenic deletions as well as the translocation are likely the result of a replication-dependent mechanism. I would like to thank all the people involved in this work, and I would like to invite you to read a full article published in Human Mutation. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact me. Thank you for your attention.


That's another one of the hallucinations that the Holy Spirit is a voice. Well, a voice as long as you seem to need one, but if you're it, what do you need a voice for? If you're a pure being, you don't even need a voice. So you see how it's all just metaphors and constructs to gently guide the mind to a place where you can let it go. And of course, in the happy dream, words are but symbols of symbols. I love it. People always talk about different semantics and no, no, no. Who cares? Who cares about the words, you know? We have so much love and joy to share. People can say, well, I believe God is, you know, he lives in a pink pyramid and, you know, he has antennas. Oh, come here. That's beautiful. Or I do not believe in God. There is no God. There is no God. There is no deity. Oh, yeah. Yeah, come on. Come here. You know, you start to see that belief is the realm of the ego. It's the domain of the ego. Why would you argue about beliefs when the whole domain is beliefs and it's all ego? But the Holy Spirit sees it from that perspective, so then it's fun. The words don't mean anything at all. I believe if you stand on your head for ten minutes, you can achieve enlightenment. Oh, come on here. Where are the commercial ones? If you come and do my seminar for one week for $10,000, I will guarantee you enlightenment. Oh, that's good. Come on. Come here. You know, it doesn't matter. It doesn't matter. I taught a class in psychology one time and I did this paper at the end where I told the students to put out all your beliefs and just share all your insights and experiences of life, and they poured out everything. One of them said, I really am drawn. I resonate with Satanism. So they wrote the paper on Satanism and everything, and there were some cool things in there. I was like, ooh. He said, I think we should take responsibility for our feelings in this Satanism paper. I'm like, right on. I was like, we could find it everywhere. So they want to call it Satanism. Okay, it's just a word. It's just words. You know, don't let the words get in the way, no matter what they are. So this is the final characteristic of a teacher of God, open-mindedness. Why do you think it's number ten? It's so spectacular because it's so open that it doesn't see an opposite. You know, there's nothing someone could say to you where you have to contest them. Say, well, no, what I believe. You don't have to, why get into that stuff? You know, I have fun, Temple Square. It's interesting to me that all this world traveling and everything that I would have a monastery here in Utah, which, such devotion, that's one thing we've noticed about a lot of the Mormon people that we've met is they're very devotional, devoted. And a lot of them that we've met that have come out here to the edge over the years have kind of like, you know, they used to make the jokes about the recovering Catholics. They were kind of like recovering Mormons. They adored Jesus, and they have a great devotion to Jesus, and they have very devoted lives. Then they come out here and they go, aha, this is a Jesus I can really get to know now. We say, yeah, so it's kind of interesting with all that devotion and everything that the Mormons seem to go through, all the seeming movements from east to west and persecutions and things being said and done against them. They kind of have, you know, it's just Jesus is at the core of it, and we could say at the core of the symbol of Jesus is the Christ, which is who we are and who everyone is.  Who cares? Who cares about the words? I don't care. I have fun with everybody. We go, we were in that little country store with Charlotte. She says, I said, I'm a monk, what's a monk? It's just someone who's devoted to God. We should all be that.  It's a recognition. And who cares what words get used, really.


Hi, we are learning quadrature formulas to approximate a given integral. In this, we have already seen rectangular rule, midpoint rule and trapezoidal rule and also their composite versions. In today's class, we will learn Simpson's rule. Simpson's rule is obtained by integrating the corresponding quadratic polynomials. Interpolating the integrand at three specific nodes, recall that we obtain the quadrature rules by first approximating the given integrand by its interpolating polynomial of certain degrees by supplying the nodes explicitly. That way, today we will take the number of nodes as 3, that is n is equal to 2. By this, we have to give three nodes x naught x 1 and x 2. Therefore, our quadrature formula will be f of x naught w naught plus f of x 1 w 1 plus f of x 2 w 2. If you write the interpolating polynomial p 2 in the Lagrange form, you get this expression for the interpolating polynomial with n is equal to 2. The idea is to integrate this polynomial and thereby, you will have integral a to b for the Lagrange formula and they give you w naught w 1 and w 2. So, this is the idea that we have been following to derive the quadrature rules and that leads to this expression. Now, let us see how to choose the nodes because we can choose different nodes to get different quadrature formulas. For Simpson's rule, we have to choose the nodes like this. They are equally spaced in the interval a to b and they are x naught equal to a, x 1 is the midpoint of the interval a b and x 2 is b. Once you get this, you plug in this into this expression and you have to perform these integrals. That is what is the difficult job that we have right now. For that, we will use a change of variable in order to make this calculation little simple and calculate these three integrals and see how they look like. First, let us take integral a to b l naught of x dx, l naught is the Lagrange polynomial with k equal to 0 and its expression is given like this and therefore, this is the integrand. You can see that it is a quadratic polynomial. Therefore, you can explicitly integrate it and just to make the calculation simple, we will make this change of variable here and then integrate it to get the expression for the integral as b minus a by 6. Similarly, we have to evaluate this integral as well as this integral. Let us see how they come out to be. For the second integral, it is integral a to b l 1 of x dx. You can again write the expression for l 1 of x and then use the change of variable similar to what you did with l naught and you can see that finally, that integral will reduce to 4 by 6 into b minus a and a similar calculation will also give us integral a to b l 2 of x dx. Again, it is equal to b minus a by 6. Now, you just have to plug in this value into the integral a to b p 2 of x dx. Remember, integral p 2 of x dx is given like this where you just have to put this value in the first term and this value in the second term and this value in the third term and that gives you the required Simpson's rule given by this formula and that is obtained by simply integrating p 2 of x with x naught equal to a that is what is shown here x 1 is equal to the midpoint of the interval a and b and x 2 equal to b. If you choose the nodes like this, then the corresponding rectangle rule is what is called the Simpson's rule. Let us see the geometrical interpretation of the Simpson's rule. Suppose, your function f of x is graphically looking like this, then integral a to b f of x dx is the area under the graph of the function f of x between the interval a to b. That is the geometrical interpretation of the integral and that is shown in the light red color here and this is the region which you have to find the area and that gives you the integral a to b f of x dx. This is precisely what we want to find, but Simpson's rule takes the quadratic polynomial interpolating the function f at the nodes a a plus b by 2 somewhere I am just roughly placing it is the midpoint of the interval a to b and then b. For instance, the graph of the interpolating polynomial is given roughly by this white solid line, then the Simpson's rule gives us the area under the graph of p 2 of x. This is just a roughly drawn graph for the quadratic polynomial interpolating the function f of x just to illustrate the geometry of the Simpson's rule. Now, let us see how the mathematical error can be derived. Remember the mathematical error involved in the Simpson's rule is going to include the area covered in this place and the area covered in this place. So, these two things are going to be precisely contributing to our mathematical error and by definition the mathematical error involved in the Simpson's rule is nothing, but the exact value that is integral a to b f of x dx minus the value obtained from the Simpson's rule which is precisely the integral a to b p 2 of x dx. Therefore, this is the basic definition of the mathematical error involved in the Simpson's rule. As we did in other cases, we can also get an expression for this mathematical error for that you have to assume that f is a c 4 function in the interval a to b. Once you have that, then the mathematical error can also be represented by this expression. That is what the theorem says. It can be written as minus fourth derivative of the function f evaluated at an unknown point eta, where eta lies between the numbers a and b into b minus a to the power of 5 divided by 2,880. So, that is the expression for the function expression that you can obtain for the mathematical error. Whereas, this is the basic definition of the mathematical error. The proof is not very difficult, but it is little bit involved. Therefore, we will omit this proof for our course. However, we have given the proof in our notes interested students can go through the proof. Let us take an example. We will again consider the same integral which we have been working with the other quadrature formulas also. We will consider evaluating the integral 0 to 1 1 by 1 plus x into dx. Here f is taken as 1 by 1 plus x. The exact value of this integral is log 2 and numerically you can approximately take it as 0.693147 and there are more terms, but we have just rounded it up to here. Now, let us apply the Simpson's rule and see how the value comes out of the Simpson's rule for this integral. For that we have to take the formula for the Simpson's rule that is b minus a by 6 that is 1 by 6 here into f of a you can check that f of a a 0.  Now, you just calculate this you will get the value of the integral as 25 by 36 if you use the Simpson's rule that is only an approximate number and that in the decimal form it gives you 0.694444 you can see that the error involved in this is roughly 0.001297. Of course, this is strictly speaking also involving the arithmetic error because we are representing all these numbers after a rounding approximation. Therefore, we should ideally call it as total error, but just with a little abuse of notation we are just calling it as mathematical error only, but you have to bear in mind that strictly speaking this is the total error. If you recall we have derived composite quadrature rules for both rectangle and trapezoidal rule we will also derive the composite Simpson's rule now. What is the basic idea of any composite quadrature rule? I hope you have seen the previous videos you know the idea very well you just have to introduce a partition to your interval a to b it can be non uniform partition also, but we have been taking only uniform partitions just for the sake of simplicity. Here also we will take a uniformly spaced partition with the length size of each partition as h and therefore, you can introduce the partition points as x i i equal to 0 1 2 up to some n where x i minus x i minus 1 is equal to h and also we will make sure that a is equal to x naught and b is equal to x n. Now here there is a catchy point when you are deriving the Simpson's rule remember you need 3 nodes in order to define the Simpson's rule. Therefore, when you take the partition you need 3 nodes in that interval suppose you take some point as a and some other point as b there should be one point in between these 2 nodes in order to define the Simpson's rule. Therefore, you have to take the pieces of the Simpson's rule as x i minus 1 to x i plus 1. So, that x i comes as a node point because you are only given the nodes and you are supposed to find the formula based only on those nodes you cannot generate a new node in order to evaluate the integral. You have to somehow manage them with the nodes given to you therefore, you cannot take x i and x i plus 1. If you take like that that is suppose you are taking this as x i to x i plus 1 then you can clearly see that there is no node between these 2 right, but you need a in between node in order to define Simpson's rule. Therefore, this way of taking nodes are not correct you have to take x naught and then x 2 this as 1 piece although you have x 1 as a node in your partition you have to take this as 1 interval and similarly x 2 to x 4 you have to choose although x 3 is a node you cannot take x 2 to x 3 then you cannot apply the Simpson's rule in the interval x 2 to x 3 you can only apply Simpson's rule in the interval x 2 to x 4 like that it goes that clearly says that the number of node points that you take in the interval in order to apply composite Simpson's rule you need that number to be of even number. So, to make sure that we need even number of nodes let us take the number of nodes as 2 n. So, that is something which you have to remember always the number of nodes that is needed for us to generate composite Simpson's rule should be a even number. Now, once you make sure then your integral a to b f of x dx can be first broken into the smaller integrals taken on the intervals x 2 i to x 2 i plus 2. Therefore, there is one node always sitting in between these two that is the idea. Once you split this integral a to b f of x dx into integrals of this form remember this is very important you should not forget it this is very important for Simpson's rule you can go back and observe that this complication is not there in trapezoidal rule as well as in the rectangle rule right. So, therefore, you have to keep this in mind when you are working with composite Simpson's rule then once you make the choice of your intervals properly then you can easily get the formula for the composite Simpson's rule by applying the Simpson's rule for each of this integrals right and that is given by this expression and now you have to take that with this summation right. You can see that that gives you 2 into h because your interval is always x naught 2 x 2 and then x 2 to x 4 like that you are jumping 2 h length in each sub interval right that is why you see that here you have instead of b minus a you have 2 h divided by 6 and then the Simpson's formula is applied here. After a suitable rearrangement of these terms you can finally get the formula for the composite Simpson's rule like this you can carefully go through and see how I have rearranged these terms in order to get this nice looking formula and this is the composite Simpson's rule well like this you can keep on choosing n is equal to 3, 4, 5 and so on and also for every given n you can also choose nodes at different positions in order to get different quadrature rules. We have only given 3 cases rectangle rule of course we have also given midpoint rule and then we have given trapezoidal rule for n is equal to 1 and Simpson's rule for n equal to 2 you can keep on going like this and you can generate many such quadrature rules. Let us see another way of deriving this quadrature rules called method of undetermined coefficients. This is particularly important when you go to derive Gaussian quadrature rules that is why we are first introducing this method. If you recall we have the quadrature rule in this form you know how this form comes out I am not going to repeat that all the quadrature rules that we have derived so far. We will look finally in this form for a suitably chosen set of nodes for a given n and the weights W i's are computed by W i's by integrating the corresponding Lagrange polynomials right. Now in this we are given these nodes right we are given these nodes and the weights are to be found right and this weights are found by just directly integrating the Lagrange polynomials. Now there is another way to find this weights that is what we will be doing here and this way of finding weights is what we call as method of undetermined coefficients. Let us see how to find this W i's instead of going for integrating the Lagrange polynomial. What you do is first of course we are given the n plus 1 node points that is given to us and then we have to find this weights right and so far we are doing it using the interpolating polynomials right. There is another way to do it let us see how to do that we first fix this nodes and then to get the corresponding weights we will impose certain conditions. What are those conditions we will say that this rule is exact for polynomials of degree less than or equal to n. This is the important point remember this is the exact integral right this is the exact integral and this is the approximation for the exact integral that is why we have put this symbol approximately equal to right. So this left hand side is not exactly equal to the right hand side but in this condition what we are saying is this will be exactly equal if this integrand happens to be a polynomial of degree less than or equal to n that is what we are imposing as a condition. And this will obviously give us n plus 1 equations involving x naught x 1 up to x n and also w naught w 1 up to w n. In this x i's are known to us therefore we can treat this system of equations with unknown as w i's in that way we will get a linear system of equations with unknown vector as w whose coordinates are w naught w 1 up to w n. Now you solve this system if it is possible and you get the weights this is the alternate way to get weights and this approach is what we call as the method of undetermined coefficient. This method is well understood through certain examples. So let us try to understand this method through this simple example. We want to find the quadrature rule for evaluating an approximate value of this integral a to b f of x dx for that we want to propose the quadrature rule in this form. In this what we are doing we are taking x naught as a x 1 as the midpoint of the interval a to b and x 2 as b. If you recall we have already learnt how to derive the expressions for w naught w 1 and w 2 you will get the using the corresponding interpolating polynomial and we have in fact called that quadrature formula as Simpson's rule in our previous slides. We will take the same situation that is the same set of nodes and we have n is equal to 2 here because we have 3 nodes. Now instead of going for the method of interpolating polynomials now we will go with the method of undetermined coefficients and try to get this weights w naught w 1 w 2 by imposing the condition that this will give you the exact value to this integral that is this will be exactly equal to the right hand side. If this function f happens to be a polynomial of degree something less than or equal to 2 right. So, this is the condition that we will impose and you can clearly see that this condition is equivalent to the condition that the formula is exact for the polynomials which are coming from the monomial basis of the space of all polynomials of degree less than or equal to 2. Remember the set of all polynomials of degree less than or equal to 2 forms an vector space and the functions 1 x x square will form a basis for this vector space. In general if this is some n this is the then the set of all polynomials of degree less than or equal to n will form a vector space and the set of functions 1 x x square up to x n will form a basis for this vector space and this basis is called the monomial basis. Now instead of applying this idea that is this condition on some general polynomial of degree less than or equal to 2 you can apply this condition on each member of the monomial basis that is the idea. Remember if you apply this condition to each of this polynomials you will get a linear equation for each polynomial right. So, that is the way to get a system of linear equations. Now let us see how to do that remember this is the integral that we want to evaluate and this is the quadrature formula that we are proposing to approximate the value of this integral. In this what you have to do is first take f of x equal to 1 remember it just take what happens when this integrand happens to be the constant function f of x equal to 1 for all x. In this case as per our condition this quadrature formula should give exact value. Therefore, this is the imposed condition under the method called method of undetermined coefficients. So, you are just imposing this condition right on the right hand side you have to take f of a equal to 1 and f of a plus b by 2 equal to 1 and similarly f of b equal to 1 because you are now considering your integrand to be the constant function f of x equal to 1 for all x that gives you the right hand side as w naught plus w 1 plus w 2 and that should be equal to the left hand side integral which is integral a to b. Now, your function is just 1 therefore, we are putting 1 dx you can explicitly compute the left hand side and that gives you this equation this is the first equation for our system. Now, you have to impose our second condition what is the second condition the second condition is that when the integrand happens to be the identity map that is f of x equal to x for all x then again it is a polynomial of degree less than equal to 2 right. Therefore, your integral value and the value obtained from this formula they should be exactly equal that is what you are imposing here the integral is integral a to b x dx and the right hand side formula now gives you this expression they both should be exactly equal that is what the condition that we are demanding right. And again that gives us this equation you can observe that these 2 or equations with unknowns as w naught w 1 and w 2 and you can also see these are linear in w right. And finally, you have to impose the condition that f of x equal to x square then what happens again you will have integral a to b x square dx is exactly equal to the right hand side expression where you have to put f of x equal to x square there that is why you have a square and this and this right and again you evaluate this integral explicitly and that gives you another equation. Similarly, if n is equal to 3 then you have to impose this condition with 1 x x square and x cube and similarly for any given n you have to accordingly take the monomial basis of that vector space all polynomials of degree less than equal to whatever n that we give ok. And then you have to impose these conditions 1 by 1 that is f of x equal to 1 f of x equal to x f of x equal to x square and so on f of x equal to x cube you have to put and so on whatever n you are given up to that you have to put each case will give you a linear equation and thereby you will have a linear system of equations. In the present case we have taken n is equal to 2 therefore our linear system will have 3 equations which we have just now derived and these 3 equations are given like this. You see that the unknown vector in this is equal to w naught w 1 and w 2 and what is the right hand side vector b and that is given like this right. So, that is the right hand side vector b. Now you can solve this linear system to get the weights w naught w 1 and w 2 and that is not very difficult you can explicitly solve it in fact and your weights are given like this. And if you recall that that will lead to this formula by imposing these weights into this expression you get this formula and this is nothing, but the Simpson's rule right. In fact, method of undetermined coefficient will lead to a quadrature rule which is exactly the same as the corresponding quadrature rule derived by integrating the corresponding interpolating polynomial of the function f. So, what I am trying to say is these 2 methods that is the method of undetermined coefficients and the method by directly integrating the interpolating polynomials. These 2 methods will finally lead to the same quadrature formula that is all. Only the way we derive these weights are different in the interpolating polynomial case we are integrating the Lagrange polynomials and getting these weights. Whereas, in the method of undetermined coefficients we are imposing the condition that the quadrature rule is exact for polynomials of degree less than or equal to n whatever the n that we choose. And with that we are applying this condition on the corresponding monomial basis and we are getting a linear system out of that and that linear system will give you the weights again right that is the method of undetermined coefficients. Whatever may be the method finally, the quadrature rule will be the same that is the idea. We will see why we have introduced this method of undetermined coefficients when we know that the final expression that is the formula is going to be the same as we did with the interpolating polynomials right. But there is a major advantage with this method of undetermined coefficients. We will discuss this in the next class. Thank you for your attention.


Oh, meeting is being live streamed. Excellent. Got it. Preparing and setting it up. Okay. And now we have to post the link to the G to the G, right? Yep. I'll do that. Okay. Yep. And here we are on YouTube. We're live? I believe we are live. Excellent. Wow. Hello. Hello, everyone. Good morning. Hi. Hi. Hi. Hi. Yeah. Hi there. How are you doing? Yeah. Good. Well, welcome to the, uh, the first of many, hopefully to come, um, monthly ask a lesh anything, uh, videos. I'm Greg Clark. I'm a, we could remember and have been asked to help co-host this. So, um, I'll be asking a lesh all of the questions that you have. And, um, thank you Ewan for, for joining us and getting us all started on the YouTube. So welcome out out there to people who are in YouTube land. Um, very shortly I'm going to. Um, log in there so I can see if you have, if you put any questions in the chat on YouTube, I will be reading those as well. So there are some questions that were already posted in the G to G post. That a lesh made. Um, so we'll go for that. Um, we have three other people who joined us live on zoom. And, um, so that'll be Gail and Bill and John.  Um, thank you for being here. Um, and, uh, certainly if you have questions, um, we'll, we'll be taking questions from you as well. So, um, that's one of the benefits of logging in live via zoom. So for those, um, who are joining us by YouTube because YouTube sent you a notice. Um, that's great. Send out the, uh, make sure you use the chat to communicate with us because we can't hear you. You can't dial in and, um, and ask questions, but I can certainly, I will certainly read the chat. Um, those of you who haven't already subscribed to our YouTube channel, um, you should do that. Click on the subscribe button, which is the link to the chat. Um, you should do that. Click on the subscribe button, which is down below. And also when you do that subscribe, also click the bell because YouTube has a, so you can subscribe to a channel, but you don't necessarily get notifications every time a, a video goes live. But if you hit the bell and choose all notifications, then whenever wiki tree goes live. So for example, for the Alaska Lesh anything or the Saturday live cast or the upcoming bingo games or Friday night, date nights, all of those things. You'll get notifications so you can join in at any time. Yeah. Anyway, would you like, is there anything else that I've missed or anything you'd like to say?  Oh, you're very kind. Do you have a really great voice?  Well, sometimes I feel like that I get carried away on the, the Saturday morning. Oh, it's great. That's very kind of you. Yeah. Well, you were my first choice. So you were my paw. Thanks. I really appreciate that. But I have to, I have to correct you. Oh, it. Okay. It was the second, it's the second test. We had one during. We keep it. Right. I think that was rich. Yeah. Oh, another person. Yes, it is the second. It's not the, it's not the first one ever. Cause we did, we had one during wiki tree day, right? Yeah. Yes. Yes. But what I was, it's the first of hopefully. Yeah. Of the regular ones. The regular ones. So that was an extra special one to kick off the series. So. Well, actually, I would like to, I would like to, I would like to, Well, actually I was thinking of this for a year now to, it would be nice to have something like this because. I mean, there, I'm sure there are a lot of questions. And if a person asks it live, I can explain and we can debate about it. And so I think it can be better results than explaining something in G to G. Yes. Yes. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. But seeing it is believing it and follow it because no matter, no matter how detailed you are with giving instructions, seeing it happen live is certainly much easier to follow for many people. Plus since it's going to be recorded on YouTube, you can always stop pause rewind, watch it over and over again until you say, it was exactly what he was pressing.  And I showed all sorts of things that they can use on hearing their work. And then after we finished, it was not recorded. So only what? No. Remember. I saw the discussion in the discord. They were, what did the lash press there? Exactly. Yes. Exactly. Exactly. Wow. So part of the part of the fun about going live on YouTube is we have to give a few minutes for the notifications to go out. Remember, I told you about subscribe and notifications. So people have a chance to click and join. So that I think hopefully by now it's been a five minutes or so, right? Hey, when hopefully everyone who's going to join will have joined us. Those who come in late. Well, welcome. And you can always rewind and watch from the beginning afterwards. But how about we dive into the first question here? I don't need to allow me to share screen. Okay. So that's during the. So that means we have to make you a co-host, which only the host can do. So when can you do that? Make a lesson. Excellent. Okay. There you go. There you go. Okay.  Okay. That's not a real question. So we'll move on to the next one. This one is from Stu Ward. And his question is, I'm curious about the report generation frequency. Is there a schedule? I'm thinking primarily of the cemetery list, which is good because you might hit talk about cemeteries later. But really the question is broader than that. So how often do the reports get generated? Okay. We have a lot of reports on wiki three plus and we have, they are separated in several groups. One is the weekly report that is based on database dump information. So maybe it's best if I go to. How often do the reports get generated? Sorry. So the most important, important report that is generated is the suggestion report. And this one gets generated once each week. The timeline for it is usually the, the dump database dump happens on Sunday. Midnight it starts, I think, and it's finished five, six hours later. And then I download the data and start importing it. And after two days now with the amount of data we have, I finished the weekly import and data calculations. And post the suggestion report at that time. Also each week I create a new page and the mailing goes out to, I post to G to G also. So that is this link. This post is always posted at that time. And I also mail to data doctors, Google group and project leaders, Google group. So the leaders are also notified each week. Here I also write something, what's new in the last week. Then after this is published at that time, the new data is available on Wiki3 plus for searches. So here all these searches are based on, so the source of the data is changed at that point. Then after I post this, I have another day and a half of creating reports. And during that time, the suggestions list by countries or projects is created. So these suggestions list and answers lists are updated and unconnected lists. So all these, all the reports that are based on the database dump are then are updated usually and they are done on Wednesday. So today they were finished a few hours ago today. And these are weekly reports. Also some other, some minor. Now we also switch the project reports to the weekly schedule. So this report is also generated on Tuesday Wednesday usually. But you can, on all the reports, I have at the bottom under the table is the exact time when the report was created. So this one was on the 7th December. So you can always check this date to see when the report was created and that's for this week. Then this is first group of reports that is based on database dump. Then we have the other set of reports is created almost daily, except on Monday and Tuesday because my computers are busy with database dump.  So our category reports. So these are all, I don't, for instance, exports of category info box. Then Geo JSON that is used on cemetery map and so on. Then the new cemetery reports that I prepared. Also category errors are recalculated then templates and a lot of other things. Help pages are updated and so on. And so those categories and help pages, those are updated daily, not just weekly. They are daily except Monday. Except for the Monday, Tuesday when your servers are busy. That's general guidance. General timeline is there. But those are, I have to start those. I usually, I start them manually. So there is not a precise time. So as I remember during the day, I click start. But the reports are, they're automated. Like you, what you just have. Yes, yes. I just press it. And then you programmed it. So it does all the heavy thinking, all the heavy lifting in the background. Yeah. It's something like that. So something like that. I do that. Okay. Wow. That's a lot of reports. Oh, these are just some. And just some of them. Think something. Okay. I think I think that answers Stu's question. For instance, daily report. I just click here and it starts and it's done in a little over an hour. Okay, it's done. There and I have some other things that are started manually. For instance, it is both is always started manually. To rename the categories that are needed. That needs renaming and so on. And, but those are start. I always thought I didn't want to automate those things because if something goes wrong, then I don't see it. So this way I always keep an eye on it if because there if something would be wrong with it, but it could correct hundreds of hundreds of thousands of people before I would notice. Right. So. I have a few other automated reports, for instance, during challenges and the thorns and the weekly. And that are, but those are automatically around as needed based on the calendar info. So when the. So during a wiki tree during a connectathon or source on all of those things happen automatically you just say it's time to start collecting stats and then every five minutes or so it runs. Yeah, each, each, each event that we that is. Tracked by wiki tree plus has defined start and end time and during that time it updates the older reports also import some data if needed. During the cleanup during the connected on I have I import the lock the change lock from wiki tree servers every five minutes and update the report or no it's one hour. No every five minutes yet. Those are all done on five minutes time. Very cool. So some things are automated summer manually driven. So those manually driven are usually missed some probably when I will be on. On holiday on. No, the. On the root stick. At that time it's the the online updates are suffering a bit. Since I'm not at the computer all the time. Right. Right. Okay. Okay. Okay. Go. I was going to say. Well, there's a related question to suggest about suggestions here. W. Robertson asks, I would be interested in what percentage of the database is checked for suggestions. I believe I heard that recently edited recently edited profiles are all included, but only a portion of the other profiles appear on the suggestion reports. I think the unconnected and the unsourced search everything. So that's. All profiles that are part of the public database dump are all included in the suggestion reports. So. If the profile is publicly visible, it is in there. It is checked for suggestions. There is no limit on the recent ones and so on. Okay. Okay, that was a, that was an easy one. Okay. And then Carol has a really nice question here. So a wiki tree profile manager has created over 9,000 unconnected profiles all split into tiny trees. I can identify them by using a wiki tree plus search and sorting them by creation date helps put them in order or puts put them in the order of the trees were created, but a lot of them were joined to existing unconnected profiles, which means I have no idea how big each tree really is. I would really like to try and connect the biggest trees first. And then I can identify which trees are the biggest. She says for my own unconnected list, I can use fine then unconnected people for my profile page and then select sort by most connections, but there doesn't seem to be that most connections facility. If I run it for another profile manager, any suggestions would be welcome. So, when you search for unconnected tree, I guess you can identify them by unconnected and then to identify them as a person who created the profile, you need to use the where is it, where is it, fine. So you have to use fewer. The page that helps that tells you all of the different special keywords you can use, which is a wonderful list. So one of the magic keywords, as I call them, is that you can write creator and wiki tree idea of the user that you want to find. So I can search for all profiles that I created using this query. So let's copy this and go to wiki tree plus. Okay, I lost it. And in general profile search, if I enter this text, it will get all 300 profiles that I created and I can then add word unconnected and it will limit the results to the profiles that I created that are not connected to the global tree. Now, to see the size of the tree, here we have the unconnected part that is listed next to each result and it can say unlinked. That means that this profile has no links whatsoever. So it doesn't have a parent, children, spouse, nothing. So this is the one way to see the smallest group that are connected. All bigger ones, so as soon as there are two or more profiles connected, then there is a text unconnected and link to the tree with tree and some number. This number changes each week, but during the week it's the same. So you can then, and if you click that link, you see all the profiles that are in this small tree that is not connected to the global tree. So these are probably father, daughter, spouse or something. Yeah, that's spouse. So that way you can see the, no, let's get some more unconnected profiles. So the key is in this tree number, but the size is not visible in the results. I'm just thinking if I could be able to add this somewhere, but it's quite simple. You just click it and the 45 profiles are in this group of people that is not connected to the tree.  Is it just showing you 10 at a time, right? Yeah, well, you can increase that I think somewhere. Right, yeah. So that's 41, but that's not 41. No, but you have here a next navigator. Yeah, there we go. I have to look closer. No, you can define page size here, I think. Of course. So it will get 100 profiles per page. Right. And then after you, I mean, you could also search for in the results, for instance. So this tree appears on three results. So it's probably as it has. Okay. Not all the results are displayed, but if you open this, you can also explore open this in Excel, for instance. And let's say get profiles. It creates Excel file and downloads it. Downloads it. And we can open that. See if the tree is here. There's three ID. Is that it? Yep. Three ID is the key. Okay. So we are closer to how to find the bigger ones. And now if you sort by three ID, for instance, where is that on data? Sort, ascending. Okay. Now you can see where the bigger group of repeating number appears. So this one, this is one, a single, these are all this profile are connected to each other. So that's one way to identify. The bigger ones. Or you can simply just click here on the three link and you will see the size of the tree. I think that's enough to find the bigger ones. Okay. So with that list, like you'll have 41 that'll have the same tree number. Is there a way to get just the unique tree numbers out of that list? Now when I click the three link, so 41 was from beginning, right? This number is the same for all of these profiles. That's right. So what I'm saying is for that previous list, before you clicked on that link, when you have the list of 9000 altogether, is there a way to get the unique tree numbers so you only have one, like right now you have to remember, oh, I've already clicked on 184. Well, for me it's the link colors red. So when I click this one, when I click this one, also the next one, this one is red all over the list. So these two are the same tree actually. So if I click this one and I go back, did I click no, back. Okay. No, it doesn't go back. Okay, now it went back three times. Oh, okay. We're going back and forth back. Okay, change the link color. So now all three links, all three, on all three profiles. Okay. For actually this color, change the color to red. So you know that you already visited the tree. Although I'm not sure if that is default behavior of the browser. I have one extension for that. So I think visited. Visited, right? I think that usually is the default behavior of a browser, but it does. I think the browser changes the color, but some sites override that and don't display the visit. If you already visited the link and with this, with this extension that overrides the site and shows it's red anyway. Okay. Well, there's a, so there's a couple, a couple of ways then to answer this question then. Yeah. So the clicking on it, you get the list of how many people are in that tree. And then when you go back to the main list, the colors change. So you know not to click on that tree, go down to a different one. I like the export to Excel, because then you've got all that in one. And you, if you're comfortable using a spreadsheet, you could even do a formula to summarize that column once you've sorted it. Yes. You could do a lot of things there. Yeah. Yeah. So, okay. I think that answers the questions for Carol. At least I hope it gives you Carol some, some things to start with. Let's see in the chat here, Bill has asked a question. So I'm going to bring that up next. But those of us who, those of you who are watching us on YouTube, please feel free to put a question in the chat there. Rich actually did have a question and I think he may have beat you, Bill. So I'm just going to ask his question first. Is there a list of all the different reports? This is Rich Devlin who's on YouTube. So hi, Rich. Good morning. Is there a list of all the different reports? I do try to create that, but I always fall short. It's a never ending list probably. Yeah. So I think here on categories, for categories I did on this category suggestion report on this page, here I have Wikipedia plus reports. So here are all the reports and things that I do about categories and also some 14 plates. So here in this section, there are quite a few special reports that I prepare that pro, I don't know, AKA language summary. So this is a template that can be used on category and you can link the multiple categories to be, you can define them as the same category. And then you get the links between them at the top of the page. For instance, if we go to, let's select one, Bundesrepublik Deutschland is in German and in English. So here this part is, this is the AKA template that displayed the same category in multiple languages. And the profiles that are added to either one of these are displayed on both categories. So we had 10 profiles on English and the same 10 profiles on German page. And on the profile, it doesn't matter if you use category Bundesrepublik Deutschland or you can use category West Germany. In both cases it is displayed on both categories. So these are the AKA languages for categories. And here is the, where was it? Here is the summary of, so here we have all the categories that use German and English language. And here is the list. So you can see them in different combinations. And then at the top you have, if you're interested only in one language, let's say for Finland, we get only categories, AKA categories that are defined for Finland and the combinations where that is used. So most of them have England, Finland and Swedish language. And you could say that these three are missing the Swedish one or something.  And where did we get that master list of all the reports again? On the category suggestion reports here in wiki3plus reports. In these sections, this is one of those reports. Okay. So there we go. And so I mean, here is, this is probably, this is everything about categories is listed here, I think. I did this fairly recently and because we also prepare the JSON files, Excel files, although these are no longer, well, they are needed, but probably. And the new cemetery reports that we will return to later. We'll get to that. Okay. Can we go on to a new question? Well, maybe I will show a few more details because I mean, these are four categories for others. I don't know. I probably have it somewhere in the, let me check. Because all the time I did a few attempts to category, category, make a category catalog of all the reports that I prepare, but I don't think it's, it was ever very good and complete. Nope. I don't think it will be here. Oh, Hillary's in the, Hillary's in the chat. So nice that you're choosing Wales or I thought you hit Wales or maybe you didn't. Well, some reports can be here from data doctors project category. And do you have to be a data doctor to see these reports? No, no, no. This is just a category on. No, you don't. Nothing is user limited. Everything that we could replace publishes is accessible to everyone. Okay, that's good to know. So you can hear gets to several lists. So I don't know suggestion lists, suggestions list. Here is a category that for all suggestions that are created or were created. So I don't know. These are by country. So this is for Argentina, Australia. In these categories, all the, all those, some of the reports are summarized. So you should probably check subcategories here for on the project, then another way, another place where I put the suggestions, but I'm not sure. I think. I hate to see that one. No, that's wrong. And defaults. No, no, no. Or is that a different wrong? It's just wrong. Different domain. I think. See, folks, even the last can make a mistake from time to time. So, you know, No, I access these reports directly on the hard drive. There we go. That's the reason I can't. I need, I will need a few more seconds to get. But he was here. So here and here it should be, I think, space. Okay. Nope. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. There we go. So here is this are all those report category reports that are listed that I showed before, but here it's just a file list. So you won't get anything more for here. But so here then, but you can navigate this structure. And here, for instance, we have edit both here all the lock files for that for edit both actions. That were ever done. So you can change check calls for any date. When the edit both heads run. What was changed on which profile and so on. So here is a complete lock off edit both actions. Also here where I was changing domain domains or part of DNS. When the DNS changed and so on. So you can see. This is probably a KDM. So here 500 profiles. Okay. No, but and a space pages. This one I was watching. I wanted to show this one. So here also space pages are all the space pages are listed. And the, but I don't know. You can just play around. So here we can see for each project. All of the space pages that project uses. So you get a quick preview of the contents of all pages. Related to the. All space pages related to this project and so on. So. This can be interesting if you are looking for something or so. Then we have categorized or last the space pages that were not edited since 2009. So these are really questionable and so on. A family secret. Wow. That secret has been kept for. This is a space page. This is a space page on wiki tree. Yeah. That was created in 2003 and was not edited since. Wow. So you can find some gems here. Some gems. Yeah. Wow. That's cool. That is amazing. I'll be pleased. Yeah. Well, for space, for pages, you have on wiki tree plus. There is very interesting search for, for pages. So here if you go to search section and you have page search and you, or page content, content even better. So we can search for Greg. No. Okay. And we will see. All space pages where you are mentioned. Or some, or some other Greg. Or some other Greg. Yes. Cool.  This is really too much. Let's. Put the Clark next week. Yeah. Yeah. With any other. Okay.  There we go. Okay. So now we have a bit smaller. So you are, you appear on 27 health pages. Oh, really? Yes. Look at that. Okay. I don't think I did anything about the four to go. DNA. No, that's just translation of the English page. Oh, okay. Because I was on the English one and it automatically transferred. Yes, you are mentioned on English. Famous in German as well. On which one. So this one was of interest to you. And if you see the. So here you should be somewhere. Yeah. Probably talking about the DNA confirmation. Yeah. Right there. My DNA confirmation app. Okay. So. Here you can find this search. Search is on health pages on project pages on public space pages, templates, main pages and category pages. So actually everything except everything except profiles is searchable here and you can find whatever you are looking for. That's right. But the search, the profiles, you can search the biography contents. Yes. No, this here. Here the search is done by the by the text, the wiki text, whatever was written on the page. Yes. While on the profile search here, you cannot search the biography here. You can just search the things that we that I plant in advance like domain name. So we can search all files that are in Slovenian domain or. So all these profiles have SI as domain or we can put here Canada, for instance, we get all all these profiles have Canada domain or we can I know some Canadian page that domain that is used a lot. Right. That's like what would be that. Let's check one. So probably this one. Yes. So we can search for this. Oh, yeah. Okay. So search collections. Oh, I have to replace dots with underscore, I think. Oh, no, really? Okay. Okay. So I get all the profiles that are linked to this domain. Right. But not the biography test. Ah, see, I know that is in that is within the biography, but not complete biographies. Right. To many ticks there to index. Okay. Good to know. Can we move on to Bill's question? He's been very patient. That was a lot longer answer to Rich's question than I expected. But that's good. It was very full. Very fulsome. Hope you like the answer, Rich. You got your money's worth with that. So Bill's question is, is there a way to retrieve all profiles matching these parameters, female, maiden name, and I'll spell that for you. And born in the 1990s. It's A X T E L L. Okay. With it with an A, not an E. A is an apple. Is a lash. First letter. Yeah, first letter. Okay. So, um, These are, I, um, I, I cannot. I don't think I have a. Female. Nope. I don't have the gender as a search query, but, um, you can, uh, for instance. Okay. We have 2,800. Um, and now you can, uh, but you can hear a search for female. So just use your browser search. Yes. Or command F. Yes. I often use browser search. Yeah. So, uh-huh. But, uh, I would need to hear you have to. Okay. For 5,000. It will be work. I think. Uh, let's put maximum. Okay. Okay. And you can see them easily. Right. Yeah. Yeah. Jump out at you. And you can ask, can you export this? I think. Uh, let's put maximum. Now we'll get one huge page with all 2,800 profiles. And if you search for female, we have 558 females. Okay. And you can see them easily. Right. Yeah. export this? Well, you can export all to Excel and do the filter there. You can export to Excel. Then you could easily do a quick sort. Yes. In Excel, you have many functions to sort and to delete some data or whatever you want. Yeah, that's right. So we have here, I think, the gender column somewhere. Where is it? It's the third one. Right by. We sell right by. There we go. And sort ascending. Okay. And you get all the females here. Right. Perfect. Yeah. So now, is it an XLS file or a CSV file that gets generated? XLSX, I think, is the file. But that can, those can be imported into Google Sheets, for example, right? Yeah. Yes, you can open this in Google Sheets. So for those who don't have an actual copy of Microsoft Excel, because you have to pay a fee for that these days, the free Google Sheets or the Open Office spreadsheet program, you can use those to import any of these Excel generated files into them. And they all have sorting and other type of functions so that you can do the same type of manipulation that Alash has been showing us here. That's great. I think that, then it's Bill, answer your question. Okay. Perfect. He says, thanks. Great. Looking through the messages, Gail had said, she was a newbie and she wanted to know what exactly is Wicked Tree Plus. And I gave her a quick answer that it's a website that you created to help you search for profiles and other information on Wicked Tree. Useful for dragging down people you want to work on and many other things. And I think your examples, so she has said amazing. Trula is way beyond impressive. So beyond impressive. She's a new user. She's a new user. Wow. She's diving right into the deep end. Very impressive there, Gail. Wow. In the meantime, I remember, after you download the Excel file, you can just drag it to the browser and it will open it in Google Sheets. Oh, will it? Nice. Look at that. At least it does on my computer. So your computer remembers that connection between the two? No, no, no. It opens local file with the XLS with this. I am not sure if this is defined in Chrome or somewhere else, but it works for me. Okay. It could be that it's some extension, but I'm not sure. Good. Okay. So anyone else have any questions? John, do you have any questions? John Tiner, you've joined us on the Zoom, but I haven't had a question asked yet. If not, we've got 10 minutes left, Alesh, but do you want to give a quick intro or you were going to talk about the Cemetery Reports and the Cemetery's project? Well, that was at the time when I thought there would be only one question. Only one question. Oh, yeah. Because this will take longer than 10 minutes, right? Yeah. Well, okay. I can show some a few maybe. Oh, there's another question. Yes, I can ask. You can. Oh, you have a question. Well, no, I just went, sorry. Sorry. So for someone who's really like just as an example, is never really used to a key tree plus, but they want to kind of play around and learn it. Do you have suggestions on the best way for people to start doing that? Like what's the best way for them to learn or the best, you know, what should they try and search first or do you have any thoughts on that? Well, a lot of these reports are specific to some area. So, I don't know, for connectors or sorcerers or categorization project, cemetery project and so on. So I don't think this is something relevant for just a random user. Okay, it's something interesting to look at, but I don't think you will hear find what you need. The easiest way is the most the first important and useful thing is probably the general text search, where you can search for anything for text for first name, last name, time, location, and everything else that can be searched by week three plus. So if I know, let's again search for Greg. Well, I was going to say, what if you search for Douglas in County Wexford? Yeah. Okay. Is that okay? Yeah. And then in County, what? Wexford. W-E-X-F-O-R-D. Wexford. So I know there'll be some because that's where there's 12 of them. Only 12. Well, that's what the searcher says. You anticipated, Mark? I did. Well, I was looking for my William Douglas, who's my great, great, great, who was born in 1801. He should be here. He should be here. Oh, put a second S on for Douglas. There we go. There's my people. Okay. So all of those are ones that I've done. So I was hoping to find someone who I hadn't done that I could connect to, but no. They are connected. Yeah, they're connected to me. Well, they are connected to GlobalTree. Right. Yes. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. I was hoping, maybe there was another Douglas out there that I had missed. Not yet. So, okay. So here is a very strong general search where you can, it's fairly easy to use. You just write the name. You have to, it searches for exact spelling. So now it found the Douglas with double S. With a single one, the search results are different. So it doesn't perform permutations automatically. For now, maybe at time points. And you don't have a special character like a star or an asterisk? Nope. Okay. You could write or like this. Then you could get joint result of 18 profiles. Look at that. Okay. It has some logic, boolean logic. So you can also write and not A. So now we will lose the Mary A. Okay. Probably. Yeah. It works very simple. But you can then, but then with the use of magic words, you can get, you can do much, much very interesting things. So for instance, you can search for Germany. Okay. Okay. We got. It's showing the first 500. Yes. Yes. But here on this profile, there is no Germany, as you can see. Oh. But I, but the wiki triple plus knows that Wurtemberg is in Germany. So it's automatically found. Because you have these huge location tables, right? Yes. This is based on the another things that is probably not listed anywhere. Mm hmm. So this is show table. And the table will be countries, I think. So here is my location tape locations table. And if you check for Europe. And here, that's amazing. You got the Holy Roman Empire. Is it? Well, I mean, I guess it's a valid location, right? It's in Europe. Yeah, exactly. Yeah. Uses the location at the time. So, so here is, for instance, list of all the location endings that I recognize as Germany. And then are found when you enter Germany in the search box. So, right? Deutsche Demokratische Bundesrepublik Deutschland. And and also if you some abbreviations and so on. So here is the location table. You can also there's written word. Yeah, if you have some, if you only, so we have 700 locations where the tents with Berlin without the country. But there's a lot of those are there's a Berlin in Ontario Canada. But I guess, yeah, you don't put if you don't describe that. That is probably the German Berlin. But this is all anyway, this is marked as wrong, unofficial location with no country. And sooner or later, this will become a suggestion one week in the suggestion reports. So it will be looked at and decided if it's in Canada or Germany or somewhere someplace else. But for now, this is just left for the project to some projects do correct those without the suggestion reports. Excellent. So this is the, this is the country table. Yeah. And so here in with this text search, you have the here you on this question mark, you get to the description where all the magic words are done or actually I now if you scroll down, I am preparing new help form format where everything is where it's explained much more indeed. So you can and here are also examples how to search for them with some explanation what it searches for and so on. So this is very extensive list. And here are examples on how to use it. You can also you can do a search with birth countries. So we can, if you are looking for people that migrated from Slovenia to us, we could do the search, for instance, like search and we can say birth country equals Slovenia and that country equals, let's say Canada. Okay. And we get eight people that migrated from Slovenia to Canada. A very small group. No, Slovenia is smaller.  And it's 500, but it's probably more. So 46,000 people are met this, met this condition. Great. You can see this are all from Europe to Canada. Very nice. Very nice. Oh, and here in, okay, this is, let's say it's maybe let's put here France or Wales will probably less, less results. This is for you, Hillary. And then when you are here on the search results, you can click quick three map and it will, it will create a map with these profiles. And you will see their migration. Wow. Oh, New South, New South Wales. Great. Oh, New South Wales. We weren't specific enough. There was a few. Yes, but quite a few migrated from here to there. There we go. So let's correct the query, birth country. Do we have to put quotes around it? Probably. Yes, but no, it will still find New South Wales. No, no, but quotes and then United Kingdom or Great Britain or what would you do? I'm just thinking quotes. I can say not New South Wales. Oh, there you go. Not New, okay. There we go. Let's see how you're there. Okay. Now, there we go. That looks better. Oh, man, look at that explosion. We have all the all from all the same hat it looks like. Yeah, I have, I prepared a path that are so it's not just a huge group of lines. So they are the lines are consolidated here in one point for England. And then after it crosses the ocean, it explodes. It's again, expanded to Canada. Does this mean that they all did come to the same port? No, not at all. No, okay. This is here only the birthplace and death place are I analyzed. This is just for the visualization purposes. It has nothing to do with this. Right. This is birth and death. Right. So this is nice. We could do much more if we would have events on a profile, but we don't. Oh, you're going to open up. Well, maybe that's a huge kind of discussion now. Anyways, that's great. I see it's 1003. So we didn't even make it to your backup plan of talking about the summary report. We'll have time for that another time. But thank you, everyone, for asking the questions today. And some of them led down to some paths. We weren't quite sure that we were getting to, but we got the map. So that's pretty cool. Nice intro to where you could start off with Wiki Tree Plus. I'm glad you asked that when that was an excellent, excellent question to throw in there, along with all the other deep dives we did earlier. So anyways, thank you very much, everyone who's who's come out. Thank you, Alesh, very much for all your work. You can turn your camera back on so you can say hi. Bye. And hope you guys have a good holiday. We'll be back here on the first Wednesday of January, a few days after New Year's. So we have time to recover and get our brains back in Wiki Tree Plus order.  We have Bingo this Friday, don't we, Eowyn? We do, yep. So that'll be exciting. Bingo this Friday, we have the live cast on Saturday. And Wiki Tree Challenge, is that starting this week, this Thursday? No, it ends, we're doing Mark Cuban this week, that ends Thursday. So there should be the live cast Saturday, or not, yeah, Saturday, where Mindy talks about what was found. Okay, so lots of things to check in on and thanks again.


Um, I guess what's it been like for you? You kind of paid your dues working on the practice squad, working your way up. Now you're getting an opportunity and playing a lot of snaps. How has that been and just how more, how much more comfortable are you now as you've, uh, obviously logged a lot of playing time? I feel like it just come with time and, uh, and, um, it come with help, you know, um, this is a team effort, uh, you know, for me, uh, I got a lot of help from the players, you know, a lot of help from the coaches.  So it's been an amazing experience. It's been a learning experience. I'm excited for the opportunity. Who are some guys that have kind of, again, you've been around a little bit, but who are some guys here that have kind of taken, uh, you under the wing and kind of helped you be ready for this opportunity?   And one more from me. I know, I think it was Shane that was kind of talking you up saying that he liked your competitors, how you didn't back down in practices, whether it was against AJ or whoever it is, how much do you think that kind of helped you establish yourself here? Just your competitiveness and, and unwillingness to back down from anybody?  So, you know, uh, coming in here early, you know, my first week coming in here, you know, I wanted to make a good first impression. So, you know, I took some chances on a few routes and I, I made a few plays and it, and it worked out pretty good for me.   You know, I've learned from a lot of great coaches and, um, and it all just goes back, man, to making plays. Like if you make plays, you feel me, I feel like you go get on the field and I came here.  Yeah, I think, uh, if I'm reading my, my stats correctly, I think he went from like seven snaps one week to about 77 the next.  Oh, no lie.    Like this isn't just me, you know, it's a team effort. So I'm very grateful for it. Thank you. Steve Lamar. Breon, thanks for doing this. Uh, you speak about the culture. What's the, I guess, challenge or emphasis for a guy like you, this team's got such high expectations and struggled a bit on the back end.  Do you feel any pressure or is that extra motivation to fit in and try and solve that? Oh, for me, I mean, it's definitely pressure.  Like, yeah, like, I mean, I've bounced around the league. So, so, you know, it's definitely pressure to perform. But I just feel like, you know, it's all about preparation.  Like it's truly a team effort. Like, you know, I haven't spoke to nobody about this, but I mean, that's what it is.   And, um, I'm just trying to do what I can to help the team. Like, like, you know, I've kind of always had a motto, you know, because I've been on peace while I was, you know, make the team, make the team better, you know, like, like you feel me and anything I got to do, you should make the team better. I will do. You've been doing that. And now you got to go up and you've got this matchup against the Ravens and the MVP from last year. Is that at all daunting when you have to think about playing, you know, 75, maybe 80 snaps against Lamar Jackson and that offense? Yeah, I mean, he's a, you feel me, I feel like he one of a kind. Like, you feel me, there's only one Lamar Jackson. And, um, and, you know, we go, you feel me do what we can to slow him down.  And like I said, you know, it's pressure, but I mean, there is no fear. And you feel me, I feel like none of us.  That's right. Yeah, Breon, for you knowing that there is that pressure to perform and then even coming in and wanting to show this staff that that you're capable of performing. Is it tough because it's a corner, you know, you have to calculate a risk. Is it tough like balancing not being too risky, but still taking those, those shots when you need to? Oh, yeah.   So you will play over the top.    But, you know, I mean, it's, it's, it's all in the game. It's all in preparation. And then you continue to see these teams use that bunch formation and naturally make you guys back up, but, and they have the switch releases off of that. How can you develop that communication that you need to have to exchange or do the things that you need to do to stay with your man, even through those picks?    That's why we practice to, you know, prepare for the bunches. You know, that's why you feel me, the coaches are hard on us.  Thank you. Last one, Kayla. Hey, Brianna, going off of TD's question just a little bit at the end there. He mentioned the word communication.   Do you feel like the communication thing is just something that's, um, isn't being able to be fixed right now? Or why does that word keep on coming up when we talk to every single defensive player?  So you would say just individuals need to take more responsibility just to make sure everybody's doing their part, right? Yeah, like, I mean, I feel like communication is, is, you know, it's everybody's job. You know, um, obviously, you know, the safety is all the main communicators and, and LBs are the main communicators, but it's a lot going on. Like the safety not only have to, you know, communicate, but he had, you know, like, there's a lot of the checks that he got to do as well.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with 2018-2019 Panini Chronicles basketball fatpack break number five Random team break number five with six one-in-one basketball spots being given away at the end of the break different dice roll We just have to do one more of these where we add on that There it is right there. So that's the last one So break six is the last one that unlocks one-in-one, which I know everyone's been waiting for all day long So let's fill it up There's break five we're gonna give away six spots here, but as always we're gonna do the break itself first big Thanks everyone here for joining Appreciate it And they're all the teams right there. Let's roll it. Let's rando it One and a five six times for each list one two three four five and Sixth and final time Josh down to Tim. I don't want to search all those names. I just want to copy them There you go, Josh down to Tim one and it's five six times for the teams one two three four five and six Jonathan wants that limited happening. What teams did you get Jonathan? Grizz down to Lakers. Oh, no, this is 18-19. So we're looking for Dallas AJ wants to know if anyone wants to do that breaking baseball. I'm down to do that too Got time for everything All right, here's the first half of the list right here. So we're basically looking for Dallas in Atlanta Daniel Graham has Atlanta Trey Young possibilities And then we got Richard with Dallas Brian's in if it starts to move Hmm What if everyone was thinking that Brian What if everyone watching was oh, I'll get into it if it starts to move Then no one would get in and it would never move See what I mean if everyone had that attitude nothing would ever sell out There you go AJ AJ's grabbing one right now starting to move That's right AJ Gotta be a leader Hey, we need everyone we need starters. We need middle relievers. We need closers everyone you everyone can't be a closer Everyone can't be a closer We need starters and middle relievers too All right, no trades in these little filler packs right here. Let's see what we got Got jaren triple j gary clark anthrae simons So we'd like SGA right SGA is pretty good Anthony mountain. There's triple j again. There's Trey young triple j SGA Landry shaman right there. There you go. So nothing too crazy the Trey young's pretty nice right here as well That goes to Daniel in Atlanta All right For here Daniel down to Daniel and everyone in between has a shot at those one and one spots. Let's randomize that list Two and a five seven times top six After seven good luck one two three four five six and seven and final time again top six after seven so from seven on down Sad times my apologies Daniel Graham right there So close, but no cigar on that. I appreciate everybody trying though. We'll get him next time Congrats to these folks though. Happy times for Sean Ryan John Brett Brandon and John There you go, congrats to you you're in panini one and one got to do one more of these packs Then we're in breaks on that one one. Let's do it tonight. Jasper's case breaks.com. We'll see you for that one


The nature of the parasite is, by its definition, revolting. To be a thing that only subsists upon the works and efforts of another for its survival is rightly abhorrent, and the very thought of such should come with nothing short of derision, to those of us loyal to the truest maxims of the god emperor's worship. By his efforts and the efforts of literally uncountable humanity, has our species been raised to its rightful place as rulers amongst the heavens, but there yet exist others, others that cling to the shadows, squatting in the filth and praying upon whatever they may set their disgusting appendages upon. That we must acknowledge them is a necessity one truly loads, but if understanding may deliver their eventual end, then it is a price that I am fully happy to pay. To that end, know then that this is a record of the crawling shadows, the decaying filth that cling to existence where we cannot discern them, the Xenos species known as the Hrud. The Hrud, or Truglidium heruri by Highgothic, are technically classified by the Inquisition as a Xenos Minoris race, a lesser species amongst the span of the galaxy's vilest, but they remain despite this utterly unique in both their threat and their hideousness.  Our scavengers, remnants, filthy half things clinging to the fringes of better societies for the sake of their own paltry survival, but remain disgustingly persistent in their existence tens of thousands of years after humanity first encountered them. Records upon the nature and culture of this species are scant for reasons that shall become obvious as this record proceeds, but to begin it is best we examine the Xenos's base biology per the autopsy report of a Majos biologist, Charles Darvis of the Adeptus Mechanicus. The Hrud do not possess a skeleton per se, with their endoskeletal structure instead resembling the human spine. Multiple vertebrae-esque formations are encased within muscular columns, allowing every limb to be extraordinarily prehensile. You do not function as a tentacle may, however, as the vertebrae can lock into position should load bearing arrangement be needed. The manipulatory limbs all end in a quadrilateral digit arrangement, negating the need for the opposable thumb present in species such as humanity, the aeldari or the orc. At the time of the Majos' autopsy, cause of death in this case is noted as being forced cyanide ingestion, one of the most disturbing facets of the Hrud body had already set in, post-mortem liquefaction. Upon point of death, Hrud's entire cellular structure begins an immediate and stunningly rapid disintegration. Owing to this, absolutely nothing could be deemed of internal organ function or arrangement, as the body cavity beyond the bone analogues had undergone liquefaction, including what was presumed to have been the reproductive womb located beneath the underdeveloped tail. However, the diligent Majos was able to conclude that there were in fact different degrees to the future faction, with the internal biology and dermis layer having degraded at apparently different rates. Conclusion drawn is that the Hrud have a functional biological core to their body that is deliberately surrounded with decaying matter, multiple layers of their own dead skin melded with artificially produced waste products and necrotic tissues of other perhaps more esoteric origin. In practical terms, it is postulated that this not only provides heating, as a disturbing organic composting effect occurs due to the sheer number of bacteria present, but also serves as a layer of biological ablative armor for protection. The latter aspect is further highlighted by the presence of external silicate plates upon the shoulders and upper arms of the subject, that have a far higher presence of aggressive bacteria and toxins than the already active necrotic outer layers. It appears that the Hrud are able to divert the most harmful of their toxic dermal decomposition products to these plates, wherein they liquefy and are channeled to the arms and digits, presumably for self-defense or perhaps hunting. The silicate resin present in these ridges also appears to form the casing of the skull, which in its form is roughly analogous to humans, possessing two ocular organs, a mouth or factory organs. These latter were liquefied, but the Majos noted that the nasal cavity they were present in was far smaller than average for a creature of its size, this indicating a poor sense of smell. Unaffected by the liquefaction, however, were the ocular organs, which while possessing none of the conical photoreceptors found in humans, had an enormous number of spiral rod stacks, all pointing to a being that possesses little to no color vision, but a literally inhuman sensitivity to light, with a visual range that may extend into wavelengths of the spectrum far beyond our own. In all, even a cursory examination of an admittedly rare specimen such as this reveals a clear conclusion. A life form immensely well adapted to subterranean troglodytic life, with a limited scent but superior dark vision, common amongst other nocturnal creatures, as well as an incredible range of 360 degree movement, as well as the ability to process and enhance its own capabilities with the decaying organic matter common in the darkest and foulest places of the galaxy. What none of this explains, however, is the most bizarre and indeed disturbing facet of Rudd biology, even for a species that cloaks itself in detritus and literally rotting matter. The Rudd is a creature that can control time itself. By means either biological, technological or a damnable fusion of the two, every Rudd affects a disturbance to the localized space-time in its volume, causing it to, for want of a perhaps better word, quicken. These vile Xenos affect the very fabric of reality, utilizing intentionally or not the flow of time itself to speed up the decay of that which is close to them towards entropy. It would appear that, given the evidence of Majos Darvas and isolated reports from other sources, individually the only being affected is the Rudd itself. They have been recorded as being impossible to visually discern while living, appearing instead as either a murky blur or subtly shifting shadow during movement, or being literally invisible to the naked eye while stationary. This visual effect has been theorized by members of the biologists and the Ordos Xenos as being the direct result of their chronological displacement, that due to the quickening of time around, or I suppose in them, that the visual spectrum of humanity simply cannot discern their image as they are existing in too many places along their own timeline to properly interact with. By the ancient combat records of the fourth legion iron warriors, before their fall to the dark gods, we know that this produces a noticeable heat bleed, as one supposes the relationship between thermodynamics and entropy being violated in such a local and extreme fashion must create a large amount of energy that simply must go somewhere. The energy dissipating as heat was recorded by the iron fourth as being the only reliable way of discerning their presence visually, utilizing equipment to enhance a soldier's range of vision. This bleed is however only noticeable if one is looking for it, and given the Rudd's natures as scavengers and lurking things, they readily and effectively utilize their lack of visual presence to remain completely undetected should they choose. It should be noted that the habitats favored by small numbers of these creatures, such as manufacturers, starships, mines, or waste facilities, are often dark enough and produce so much heat by product that it would simply be impossible to detect them without the most strident of investigations. Indeed, the persistent bogeymen myths and urban legends present galaxy-wide can often be attributed to the Rudd, especially aboard ship, where superstitions are common amongst the rating populations below decks. These crewmen are often heard talking about the bendies, shadowy figures in the depths of the ship, known for their occasional heaving and perennial existence just out of one sight. Given both the aforementioned talk of Rudd biology and their migratory habits yet to be discussed, that these rumors are in fact the result of the parasitic Xenos infestation is undoubtedly the case. Where the danger of the Rudd's chrono field is seen most terrifically is when they gather in numbers. As noted, an individual Rudd's effect upon localized space-time is minimal and usually personal, but this effect compounds and does so exponentially. The heat is generally the first sign of a large group of Rudd, as the temperature in the area spikes noticeably from their energy bleeds as they amalgamate. This is then followed by what can only be described as a form of entropic field, which by combat accounts can be readily focused to terrible effect. Whatever is caught in the field is aged to the point of its chronological end point with stunning rapidity. Metal corrodes and oxidizes. Machinery breaks almost immediately as its parts fracture under the rending of their lifespans. Chemicals spike uncontrollably as different constituent parts age at different rates, causing uncontrolled reactions. But upon flesh is the most visceral toll reaped. For organic matter passes through its biological lifespan in minutes, even seconds. A hail and hearty youth may become an adult and then a crippled geriatric in the blink of an eye, their muscles withering and skin becoming liver spotted, all before their bones simply turn to dust as liquid necrotic tissue sloths off them. The effects of this field have apparently no full counter-measure, save for the death of the rod causing it. The adeptus mechanicus has yet to deploy a stable technological equivalent beyond combat rigged stasis devices with a minimal long-term efficacy, and while one does not suppose to presume that it is beyond their reach or the omnisias, the complete collapse of the field upon death has proven to make the study of it incredibly difficult. Likewise, the capture of herud in sufficient quantities to affect a better study of the combined field effect is impossible, as they simply decay to dust whatever and wherever is used to capture and contain them. The maddening obscurity of the xenos extends further, causing one to naturally question why this has no effect on their own habitats and technology. While their outer layers of necrotic tissue are doubtlessly a byproduct of the chrono field, herud have, again by records of the iron warriors, been shown to be fastidious burrowers, creating glass smooth tunnels of all sizes below ground, knitting together to form vast warrens. What is curious is that their entropic nature does not appear to damage these tunnels. Indeed, per great crusade era Astartesvid captures, they even create not unsophisticated areas in these tunnels, forming often vast subterranean cities, with everything from living quarters to libraries. That the touch of their own nature does not corrupt this can, I suppose, only be accepted for what it is, an inconsistency that points to a mastery over their own biology. Evolution, if they are indeed the product of it, would long ago have done away with the species who could not control such a thing, as the rud are still demonstrably biological and require many of the things all biological entities require, such as sustenance. It is all being said, as the rud population of these cities grow, so too does the entropic effect of their presence, and while their own structures appear immune to its grasp, the surrounding earth is not. As has been demonstrated numerous times throughout the imperium's history, a rud warren will usually reveal itself through a sudden upcharge in unchecked seismic activity, as the lifespan of the very world they exist upon is being accelerated, and unnaturally so. The clashing forces of time and geology produce frequently catastrophic effects. There have been instances where a rud population has reached such a critical mass that the planet itself will simply die, cracking like an egg as its core becomes solid. Its surface long since scoured of all life by the stripping of its magnetic field to the hyper passage of time. This event generally predicates the most catastrophic of all rud-centric events, the migration. Since a rud population has effectively a critical mass, the Xenos appear to be aware of this, and will often seek to preempt the death of their host world by undergoing a form of tribal schism. The only way we know that it is to be tribal in nature is due to the account of a prisoner captured by Inquisitor Rael Breas, a man who by his account had been held as a slave pet of the rud since his childhood. He referred, in great detail, to this schism as the paha in the rud's own debased tongue. Far from being simplistic or even non-sentient scavengers, he claimed the rud possessed deep and vital familial and tribal structures, and that their record keeping, of said, surpassed even that of the adeptus administratum. While one shall ignore such obvious and blatant heresy for what it is, this does corroborate the report of the fourth legion from 999 M-30, wherein survivors of a warren purge noted the violent reaction of the rud therein to the destruction of their library analog, reacting rapidly and decisively to secure what were presumed to have been their records. This all being said, these schisms appear to provide a means for a rud of essentially the same base genetic lineage to branch off and form new familial groups to facilitate these groups departure from the tribe. The captive confirmed that this occurs bloodlessly and rather practically, but the local tribe appearing fundamentally aware that should the paha not occur, it will cost them their home. While this account is fascinating in its own deeply uncomfortable fashion, it is clear that this process is not always undertook, although whether by deliberate choice or simple accident one cannot say. A paha may result in a controlled fracturing, allowing a small enough or several small enough subgroups of the tribe to depart the warren clandestinely and then continuing their parasitic path aboard either spacehawks or the starships of other species unnoticed by their new hosts, but it may equally result in the total loss of the rud planet in the violent and necessary relocation of the mass tribe. When this happens it is an event to shake the fabric of reality. It is still largely mysterious quite how rud mass migrations occur. It has been hypothesized that it is a yet unseen technology they in fact possess used to tunnel through the warp in a similar manner to how they tunnel through stone. Others suggest that owing to the sheer size of the mass tribe, the entropic effect can simply be wielded by the infestation as a whole to burrow through space time itself, negating the use of the immaterial entirely. They have been known in the past to accomplish this using their own starships, although visual evidence of this exists rarely. In many cases they appear to do so without the use of spacecraft, although again how this is accomplished is unknown. Regardless of the how, their destinations are known only to them and, per their parasitic tendencies, they will inevitably attempt to nest upon a previously populated world to better establish their new warren with technology scavenged and adapted from the world's original owners. Such a massive movement of Xenos, not to mention the effect on localized reality, is impossible to ignore and these events are catastrophic to local populations. Cascading time storms tear through cities prior to the advance of the infestation, reducing districts to dust at random before the main horde arrives, flickering shadows barely visible or cloaked figures clad in rags, wielding arcane plasma fusels that spit bolts of plasma matter hotter than suns. There is little to nothing that can stand in the way of such an event, as any military force sent against the Xenos finds its members aged past combat effectiveness in almost an instant. In the past it has even forced the evacuation of Astartes chapter home worlds, as in the case of the Star Phantom chapter in 101 m40. Thus the Rudd continued to be as unto a plague upon the galaxy, albeit one that is, thanks to their Xenos Minoris status, thankfully rare. They are not as lethal as the Aeldari or Drukhari, as omnipresent as the orcs, as all ruining as the Tyrannids, and they even lack the technology of the Necrons. But they remain in their own fashion a severe threat to the safety and security of the Imperium. What infuriates me the most about these creatures is how damnably well adapted they are to their disgusting survival. They scavenge sacred imperial technology and graft it onto their own frames for throne sake. They squat in the foundations of our cities, eking out their lives upon our detritus and effluvia, where it not for us they would have surely perished millennia ago. But what is worse is that their extermination, the most surely righteous fate of the alien, is next to impossible owing to their own hideous biology. How are we to destroy a warren when it can only be detected far far too late? How are we to prevent their propagation and migration when whole familial groups can simply stow away like criminals upon our own ships completely undetected? Their almost instinctual persistence is maddening. Are they even aware of the gifts of their biology? Are they grateful for how their foul frames permit their continued existence despite humanity's manifest destiny as sole inheritors of the galaxy? Unlikely. The alien is forever filth and these oh these far more so. Ave imperator gloria in excelsis terra. 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