So today I want to talk about, we're going to work sort of through three things. One is to talk about what state capability for policy implementation is and why it might be important. Second, we want to talk about an analytical typology of things you might want to get done that would then ask yourself, be able to ask what kinds of capabilities would I need from the state in order to do that kind of thing. This leads us to a big argument that mostly the things that in development that can get done by the types of state capability that have been built are done. And hence we have to shift our mindset towards the building of capability, towards building capability for doing very different kinds of things. So it's sort of like we've gone on a hike in order to climb a mountain. The first part of the hike, you need the capability to hike. The second part of the hike, when you're going straight up a cliff face, you need an entirely different set of capabilities than the capabilities of hiking. So most of the hiking we've done and we're now facing a set of entirely categorically and analytically different set of challenges for which we need to think entirely differently about how we build the capability to meet those challenges. And then third, we argue that mostly the way in which people have gone about both inside the donor community and in governments themselves have gone out building capability is inimical to building the kinds of capabilities we need. So if you continue to do what you're doing, you are not going to be successful. Most countries are stagnating or going in reverse by most of the measures of whether the capability of their state organizations is getting better, which means if you ask yourself how long will I have to do what I'm doing before I'm successful? The answer is forever, right? I mean, if you're still driving in reverse and your kid says how long till we get there, the answer is like we're not even on the way yet. So the final thing then is we're going to talk a bit about what we think the principles of a new approach are. It's not a method. It's not a technique. It's a set of principles. That's a path forward. So the first point is all of us use the word, all of us in this room use the word policy 12 times a day, right? Talk about policy reform, policy change, good policy, bad policy without too much stopping to think about what a policy means. What a policy is, is it's a mapping. Just like there's a difference between a number and a function and a function as a mapping between a domain and a range, a policy isn't what happens. A policy is the mapping. It's a mapping from states of the world, facts about the world to the appropriate actions by the agent of the state confronting those facts. So a tax policy says, a sales tax of 3% says, a tax agent goes to this nice lady. She decides what her sales are and then is empowered legally to collect 3% of that amount of juridically declared sales as tax. That's a policy, mapping from actions to states of the world, facts about the world to actions by agents, right? Now what is the capability for implementation? The capability for implementation is a feature of organizations, not institutions, organizations to induce their agents to take the appropriate actions. So this is a nice clean example, is in New Delhi there's a policy for getting a driver's license and the policy for getting a driver's license looks just like the policy wherever you live, which is you show up at the place that is authorized to give you the license, you demonstrate that you're of the appropriate characteristics to get a license like you're of the required age, you demonstrate your identity, you demonstrate your residence, and then usually you demonstrate that you can drive. And then an agent of the state authorizes you to drive.  So what really happens, well, they did some experiment from which all of the interesting results come out of the control group, which is often the case, but it's still fun. And they measured people who came to the driver's license bureau to get a driver's license and then tracked what they did. What they found was that of the people that hired a tout, who were of course lounging around in front of the building in order to get their business, only 12% of them took the legally required driving exam. So once you hired a tout, you actually didn't even need to go into the building. They would deliver the license to you. Of course, if you had a little extra money, the tout would come to your house. You never even need to go to the building at all. Of the people that didn't hire a tout, 94% of them had to take the legally required driver exam. Why? Well, it was legally required. If you didn't know to hire a tout, you probably shouldn't be driving in this country, right? Of the 94% that took the driver's license exam, two-thirds of them failed. And then you might think, well, wait a second, if two-thirds of the people who took the exam failed, what about these guys that hired a tout? Well, it was exactly like you would think. Of the people who hired a tout and got a license without having to take a driver's exam, two-thirds of them couldn't drive. Like, not drive badly, couldn't drive. And not, like, drive, not couldn't drive like, oh, Lily-Livered Western researchers were scared of assessing how they drove. They hired people who taught driving in Delhi to assess their driving skills. So people with nerves of steel, because they're already in the business of teaching people to drive in Delhi. These people wouldn't get in the car with two-thirds of the people that had a driver's license, okay? So they couldn't drive at all. So the point is policy reform or policy change or policy, as written in the books, has absolutely nothing to do with the outcomes. The real policy is hire a tout and get a license. And I could hire a consultant and he could determine through traffic patterns using big data that many of the collisions were due to inappropriate left turns. And we could change the policy for a license to include, you know, you must demonstrate that you can make left turns in the driver's exam. And all of that would do jack all because everybody's hiring a tout and getting a license anyway. So it doesn't matter what the content of the de jure policy is if you can't implement it, okay? That's the first point. The second point, and this is like a 45-minute point that I'm going to make in three and a half minutes, the second point is that there's different types of tasks in the world. So when we say capability, we have to differentiate like capability to do what. So think of a sport, right? We were just in Indonesia which is very big on the sport badminton, okay? If I wanted to have the capability to be a badminton athlete, what do I need? I'm asking you. Have you ever seen badminton? Who's seen badminton? You've seen badminton. What do you need to be a badminton athlete? You've never seen badminton? This is a huge sport in Indonesia. There must not be globalized yet. What do you need to be a badminton athlete? Okay, I'll give you a hint. You gotta be quick, right? You never need to run very far because the court's about as big as this table, right? But you need to be very quick and you need to be very fast and you need to have endurance, but you don't need to be big, okay? Now, some of you have seen American football, right? What's the capability you need to be an interior lineman in American football? You need to be bigger and stronger than everybody else. You need to be huge. So if I say I want the capability to be an American football player, you need to eat a lot of food and lift a lot of weights. If I want the capability to be a badminton player, I need to develop agility for which the capability of being big and strong doesn't help me, okay? So what we've created is an analytical classification of tasks by the kind of capability it requires. And let me just sort of walk through what that is. So, and there are basically four questions about the tasks that you have to ask yourself. First is, does capability for accomplishing the objective of my task require a lot of people or a few people? Am I needed to have hundreds of thousands of people? Like a post office? Or do I need 12 people, like a central bank, right? And if it's not transaction intensive, then that requires a different kind of capability than a capability that's transaction intensive. Second question you want to ask yourself is, in order to successfully accomplish my objective, do the agents of the organization need to use discretion or not use discretion? Can I reduce what my agents need to do to a script or not? If it's transaction intensive and I can reduce it to a script based on a known technology, we call that logistics. If I want to build 100,000 schools all over Vietnam, that's logistics, right? Same school, same design, I just pop it down in each place. It might not be the perfect design for each place, but it works, right? If I want to do vaccinations, that's logistics. I grab short people, I give them the vaccination, full stop. Nothing complicated, right? If, on the other hand, I need lots of people and those, by the way, and then if I need to use discretion but it's not transaction intensive, we call this policy making. A few people can sit around and change the policy, make the policy, and some activities are like implementation light. So when the central bank decides to raise the interest rate, it raises the interest rate, and the interest rate's raised. It doesn't need a million agents to raise the interest rate, right? Okay, but there's this thing called implementation intensive service delivery, for instance, that think of primary schooling. I need a lot of teachers. Those teachers need to be in a classroom pursuing an objective that's relevant to what's happening in the classroom. They can rely on a known technology of learning and what's known. And they're trying to provide people with service, right? Now, so the capability of organizations to do implementation intensive stuff is very different than the implementation capability that you would need to do logistics is very different than the implementation capability you need to do policy making. For policy making, you need few numbers of highly trained people. For logistics, you need large numbers of people who are following a script. For implementation intensive, you need large number of people not following a script. You exercising their discretion, right? So part of the issue with the world is that most of the 21st century challenges are challenges of the type for which we will require capability to do implementation intensive things. Why? Well, in part because if it's easy, it's done. So, and policy making has actually gotten mostly a lot better. So the developing world has been fantastically successful actually at doing two kinds of things. It's been fantastically successful at the components of service delivery that involve logistics. So if you look at years of schooling and GDP per capita, what you see is that there has been a massive increase in the years of schooling even in countries that have had very little economic progress. So this is Ghana, whose GDP per capita in 2005 looked a lot like its GDP per capita in 65, but education had quadrupled. Quadrupled, I mean I'm pausing here because you should be stunned by that, right? Zero progress in per capita income quadrupling of the average years of schooling, right? This is Thailand, these guys moved northeast. They got a lot richer and they got a lot more schooling. But Mexico got a little bit richer, got a lot more schooling. France, and we have France up here in part because what's truly astounding about the world we are now in is that Ghana has more years of education of its adult population than France had in 1980. Again, I'm letting that sink in a bit, right? France, a civilization that thinks it leads the world, right? Spoken as an American.  So across the board in vaccinations, in child mortality, in fertility, in schooling, the types of things that are logistical are done. Countries like Mali are getting most of their kids vaccinated. What does that tell you? That tells you it's easy to do, right? If Mali can do it, the capability required is low, right? So, but what that means is, but the capability beyond logistics is low, mostly collapses under pressure, and isn't getting fast, isn't getting better very fast. And very fast means quite slow. So what do we mean by capability to do implementation intensive things? Well, let's say we've built a whole bunch of clinics, but to actually accomplish the objective of the clinic with respect to ambulatory curative care where the patient walks in meeting something, you actually need to staff those clinics with people that walk through and exercise a professional knowledge to implement the policy. They've actually got to do a diagnosis and come to a treatment plan for the specific patient. So unlike vaccinations where I just grab a short human being and stick them, each person walks into a clinic with a different problem, okay? Now, when colleagues of mine measured recently in rural India, the capability of the public sector clinics by having patients present at those clinics as if they had certain symptoms and then saw what the doctors actually did, right? So what happens was the typical visit to a public sector clinic lasted only 38% as long as to a private sector clinic. And the average visit lasted 2.4 minutes. So the doctor is basically, what's the matter with you? And you were out the door, right? Only, they did 27, they were only 27% as likely to do simple physical diagnostics like take a pulse. And only 2.6% of these visits resulted in the correct diagnosis of asthma. So the patient presented as if they had the classical symptoms of asthma. And only 2.6% of the visits did the doctor move down the diagnostic treat towards what is not a very difficult to diagnose condition, okay? So what's the capability of these clinics? It's zero. I mean, the clinics there, they might have some stuff there. But the actual capability of the organization to deliver the service is zero, because they don't have the capability to do the implementation intensive stuff. I'm going to skip that slide. So the second thing we looked at is we looked at omnibus kind of rankings of capability, which are things like rule of law, quality of bureaucracy, extent of corruption, which are all measures or intended to be measures of how much the public sector bureaucracy is actually implementing policy versus deviating. And what we see is that if we say, where are countries in terms of absolute level of capability, and where are they in terms of progress? More than half of the countries, well more than half of the countries, have low capability and are moving backwards. So over the 10 years, 98 to 2008, and we've updated the analysis, and it's roughly the same. But basically, most countries' aggregate measures of the capability of the public sector are getting worse, not better. So they're not on a positive trajectory of acquiring the capability they need to do the next generation of things. And even of those that are rising, right, they're rising usually at a very small rate.  So they're kind of would gain, at the most, it would take them at the, yeah, it takes like 20 years just to gain a single point on this index, at best. So if you calculate at current rates of progress, how long it would take most of these countries to achieve the lowest level of capability of OECD countries, which is Portugal? The answer is 100 years or more. At the current pace of progress, first of all, for half of them at current pace of progress, the time is infinity, right? Because they're going backwards or at zero. And even for those moving forward, almost no countries are less than 100 years at their current pace of progress from achieving Portugal-like levels of state capability. So this is a big problem. We argue that, yeah, you need to warn me about time, because I love to do. I think you're going to get something to warn me about the time. No, no, can you warn me about the time? Yeah, you've got ten minutes. Ten minutes, good, okay, sorry. So we argue that the reason there's such slow progress is that most of, is not that anybody has ever not realized that building state capability was an integral part of development. You read about development in the 50s, you read about it in the 60s, around the 70s, everybody's talking about building capability. No one is ignored the need for capability. It's just, we argue that people have been pursuing mostly a model for building capability that either is just wrong or at best is narrowly adapted to policy and logistics, but is not well adapted to building the capability for implementation intensive things. And it tends to have things like the business as usual approach to building capability, first of all, focuses on human capacity, not organizational capability. So there's a difference between what I could do if I felt like it and what I actually do embedded in the organization I'm working in, right? And most of us in this room feel that difference every day. Cuz we feel, if I just didn't have to put up with this damn bureaucracy, I mean, I could be much better, right? We feel like our capability is being held back, right? So human capacity is typically one of the many constraints to organizational capability, but often not at all the key constraint. So in the example I gave of the doctors in India, they actually demonstrably had the capacity to do much better than they were doing. So if you gave them an examination in principle of what they knew, they knew how to do much better than what they did in practice by a long ways. Second, the business as usual approach to building organizational capability often focuses on trainings that are built around process compliance, not outcomes. We will train you how to fill out expense funds. We will train you how to comply with organizational procedures independent of whether those organizational procedures are in the critical path of accomplishing the organizational objective. They tend to prioritize global solutions over local problems. That is, they frame the local problem as the lack of the global solution. Your problem is, you don't have an MIS system. No, my problem is that people aren't showing up for work. Now you might believe that if I had an MIS system I could make people show up for work, but that's a whole debatable conjecture. But whenever anybody has something to sell, your need looks a lot like their product. And so there's a lot of emphasizing global solutions. Your problem is that you lack my solution, right? The final thing is that there's a lot of emphasis on transplantation over local varieties, which goes along with this. So our contrasting approach, we call PDIA and we invented an acronyms. And we, not an anachronism, we invented, it might well be, but that wasn't our purpose. We invented an acronym knowing that in the donor world you cannot survive without a three or four letter acronym, right? You have to have an acronym. So, and it's about building capability while delivering results. And it focuses on four principles of how you build things, which I'm gonna come back to in a second. Because the problem, one of the major reasons that the business as usual fails, is that it facilitates what we call techniques of successful failure, right? So suppose you were in charge of a bureaucracy and you came to me and you said, I want to be a successful head of this bureaucracy. And I don't really care if anything happens. Can you teach me how to do that? And we're like, yeah, unfortunately, we can. We can teach you how to be a successful failure. Meaning successful at attracting legitimacy and budget and not getting in trouble. But failing at the fundamental purpose of the organization. And a lot of what that is, is that the current systems of capability building facilitate and encourage enormous amounts of isomorphic mimicry. Isomorphic mimicry is an evolutionary strategy where you gain survival value by looking like something dangerous. So this snake is extremely poisonous and this snake is not at all poisonous. Well, then you think, well, why evolutionary has this snake survived? Well, this snake survives by looking enough like that dangerous snake that you leave it alone, right? It's got red, yellow, and black. That's got red, yellow, and black. And so predators are gonna say, gee, I would like to eat me a snake today.  And this guy has just had successful failure. He's failed to produce any venom to be poisonous, but he has succeeded at surviving by mimicking. So a lot of the business as usual stuff encourages developing country organizations to look like functional organizations without actually delving into whether or not they are, right? So how many of you have ever been to a country? No, no, I won't even ask it this way. How would I ask it? How many of you have ever been to a country? Not necessarily your own. You don't have to say anything about your own country. How many of you have ever been to a country where the police were corrupt? Okay? In that country, were the policemen generally wearing uniforms? What's the role of a uniform in a corrupted police force? It's camouflage, right? It's I look like a policeman. I look like I'm enforcing the law independently of what I'm actually doing, right? Okay, so let me now come back to what I think the four principles are and I'm going to go through these very quickly. The first is that we look for local solutions to local problems. Second, you push problem driven positive deviants. That is, you need to create space in which people inside the organization can undertake actions which may or may not be organizationally policy compliant, but which promote the organizational problem designated problem. Based on measurement of the problem and the deviants, you institute ways of learning about what's working. And finally, you plan on scaling, learning through diffusion. That is, your organization is going to get better at doing what it does when the agents decide to adopt better practices, rather than being told to do it this way or that way, right? So, this starts with good locally nominated problems. We got a whole bunch of bad problems, right? Meaning problems that when framed this way will lead you into non capability building things, as opposed to good local problems. Which are problems for which you can actually get the authorizing environment to act. Meaning problems that your politicians really want solved. Not politicians they pretend to want solved, right? So all over the world, politicians will go, yeah, yeah, yeah, we're really about the MDGs. Really? Turnly loose on solving the MDGs. We're not that convinced, right? But they can be convinced that they have certain problems. And once they're convinced they have a problem, they may in fact turn you loose to solve it.  So you gotta get a problem where the politicians top bureaucrats and inside and outside organizational pressures are aligned with coherence on what the problem really is that they're trying to solve. Once you have a problem, then you have to authorize positive deviation. You have to authorize certain individuals in the organization to act in a way that will lead to solutions to the problem. And this is beyond policy compliance. And I say this because a lot of what's happening is people are claiming they're gonna build organizational capability by enhancing accountability. By which they mean they're gonna hold the individual actors in the organization tighter and tighter responsible for compliance. Now that might work for logistics, but no country has ever beaten teachers into being good teachers. No country has ever beaten, well, maybe not, but anyway. It's not been pretty if it's happened. Maybe Cuba's done it, but I don't know. So partly what you need is you need forces inside the organization to be willing to stick their neck out in order to move in a direction that pulls you forward. And our metaphor for this and we love animals and we love metaphors, cuz that's all you'll really remember other than I kept wandering past the camera, right? Is you can't beat a turtle to move. If you have a corrupt police force, you almost certainly will not get an uncorrupt police force by beating on it exclusively from the outside. You need to have allies inside the police force who are policemen who want to move at your direction. If you have crappy teachers, if you have crappy nurses, you will not get to good nursing by beating on the nurses with a stick. You will get to good nurses when good nurses inside the system pull into your direction, right? So the second thing is you gotta create positive deviance, right? And essentially, this is an autonomy of action in the space of innovation, swap to greater performance accountability rather than process accountability. I just skipped a whole bunch about learning cuz I have like one minute, I think. So I just wanna emphasize, particularly I emphasize this, particularly when I'm in a room of academics, right? Is academics love to have a model of the world in which they're important, right? And what's the model of the world in which academics are important? Well, it's a kinda whisper in the ear of God model of the world, where what the world lacks is knowledge about the right policy. And if I could just go out and do the research and find out what the right policy was, all I have to do is whisper it in the ear of God and he will make it happen by giving dictates and strictures to all those involved and they will change their behavior. Because they've changed the policy, the change in policy will change the behavior. That's just, and that's sort of, if you articulate this as a model of the behavior of agents in the public sector, you'll realize how completely ludicrous and at odds with all possible facts it is as a positive model of why government bureaucracies do what they do and how they get better, right? Except for logistics. There are things that are reducible to logistics and you can do better or worse logistics and you can work on those problems. But the 21st century problems are not this kind of research, right? In the implementation, right? Practices change when people change their practices and hence we need to worry about the combination of incentives, intrinsic motivations and beliefs about the effect of the practices of the people that are engaged. That is, teachers are gonna teach better when they find for themselves techniques that they feel help them teach better. And the organizational incentives and motivations are consistent with that, right? You're not gonna do it by doing some experiment in some corner of the world and then coming and saying adopt this. It just doesn't work that way, right? And you cannot, you cannot juggle without the struggle. Meaning when it's tacit knowledge that needs to be conveyed, the people that are responsible for implementation have to be engaged in the learning process. If they're not engaged in the learning process, they don't actually know how to do it at the end of it, right? Again, unless you can reduce it to logistics and a script. So anything that involves subtle use of judgment and local discretion for successfully accomplishive task is a tacit knowledge like juggling and I can juggle, but I can't transmit to you the skill to juggle by telling you about it, right? It's just not gonna work that way. So, and a lot of what's happening is the research into how to, the research that's trying to find out what better policies are is increasingly finding it doesn't matter what policies are. So when you go into a randomized controlled trial of what would be better policing techniques, what do you find? Well, you find a lot, and this has been increasingly replicated whenever people try into randomized evaluations with real organizations. What you realize is that the senior police supported the reforms and the police station staff basically ceased to carry out the program elements. So we wanted to know if the policemen did it this way versus that way, would it lead to better outcomes? Well, the answer was, we couldn't make policemen do it this way versus that way. They weren't manipulable by the leadership saying do it this way versus that way. Unless they in fact were part of the process of believing that there was a purpose to all this. So of the five experiments they tried, in three of them, the control group and the treatment ended up with exactly the same outcomes. Because they ended up with exactly the same inputs because they couldn't make the experiment happen. Because they were operating on a wrong model of how things were going to happen. So let me just go back, local solutions for local problems. Authorize within the organization the space for problem driven positive deviance. Turn people loose on problems against measurable performance outcomes. Set up a system in which the learning feeds back into the practice. And finally, plan on scaling the learning and the building the capability through your organization by engagement in the learning process rather than by imagining you're going to discover what works, tell everybody else what works. And that will lead to what leads to better organizations. Thank you very much.


Felly, dweud hynny'n gweithio'r ystafell yn brwyllfa ar y cyfleidio. Ar y cyfleidio'r cyfleidio'r ystafell yn Paster David Fraser, alfa Baptist Church yn Clackmannanshire. Dwy cyfgolwyddon, dweud hynny yn fawr o'r perlym, yn bryd o'r fawr yw'r ysgolwyddiad. Mae'n dweud hynny'n gweithio'r fawr i'r bwysig yw'r fawr o'r ystafell, fel y byddai o'r cyfleidio'r cyfleidio yw'r ystafell. You're willingness to bear the weight of responsibilities for decisions taken in this gallery is appreciated by any person who's honestly considered the role of leadership with any understanding of what that entails. Thank you. I stand before you, not as a foreigner, but rather as an immigrant who's been welcomed by the people of Scotland, a person who contributes to society and indeed civic life as you do. I stand today as a messenger of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. May his name be praised. The Bible represents him to be the only son of God.  And the Father sent his only son on a mission for the good of all nations and all people. It's difficult to find fault with the teachings of Jesus. His Sermon on the Mount is appreciated by people of all faiths or of no faith. And I ask you to reflect on the core message of Jesus to the people of earth this morning. Repent of sin and follow God who loves people. I haven't come to declare my judgment of what sin is. I haven't come to prescribe my estimation of its cure. I'm not here to lobby for my understanding of what it means to follow God. I've come as a messenger, a modern-day prophet, if you will. I've come merely to read the words that are historically attributed to Jesus, words that have stood the test of time, words which, if they are true, will be a standard of measure for all the people of the earth whom God loves. And this is the message of Jesus as recorded in the Holy Bible. God sent his son into the world not to judge the world, but to save the world through him. There is no judgment against anyone who believes in him, but anyone who does not believe in him has already been judged. For not believing in God's one and only Son. And the judgment is based on this fact. God's light came into the world, but people loved the darkness more than the light for their actions were evil.  But those who do what is right come to the light. So others can see that what they are doing is in God's will. Now, I know, of course, that not everyone agrees with this. And it is the prerogative of every person to determine their course through this life. I respect that. But our tolerance of people's ideas requires that we consider these words as well. For if they are true, the consequence for each one of us here today are serious. And the nation as a whole, it's serious. In fact, for the entire world, the consequences are serious. You lead and people follow. In light of these words today spoken by Jesus about light and dark and evil and right and judgment and salvation, please consider well where you, how you are leading the nation. And thank you for your time. I hope that you'll agree that we've spent it well. Thank you.


Conditional activities are simply to set up now in Moodle 2.7 and you can use all conditions to restrict access. If your access criteria are more complex, you can use a set of nested restrictions to achieve what you need. So, here's a standard forum where students have to introduce themselves at the start of a course and we're going to restrict access so they must first either read the course announcements or wait until June 10th. So, if we scroll down and look at Restrict Access, there's a new button Add Restriction and when we click it, we're presented with a variety of restrictions. Activity completion, date, grade, group, user profile fields and restrictions set. You choose this last one if you had more complex criteria for nested restrictions. Let's first click Activity Completion. The setup screen is much more streamlined as we select course announcements as our first condition. And then to add the second restriction, we click the button again and choose date and select the date after which all the students must access this forum. We can select either all or any of the restrictions and choosing any then gives us the or condition. To hide the forum completely on the course page we click the i. If the i is open then students will see a message telling them what to do to access the forum. So, let's save and return to course and then we can see how this is displayed.


Caitlyn Jenner, according to Fox News, is denouncing the woke media who changed the meaning of the blue line flag. Now, I'll be 100% honest with you all. I don't care about what Caitlyn Jenner has to say here. I just want to show you the response from Fox News' audience because basically the overall vibe, if I could summarize it, is how dare you tell us what is and isn't woke when you yourself are woke because trans woman equals woke. But let's just watch a little bit and I'll show you the comments because they are f***ing wild. While the LAPD banning the pro-police thin blue line flag from the department's public areas all because of a single complaint that claimed the flag represents, quoting here, violent and extremist views. LAPD's police chief was quick to wave the white flag, agreeing that the thin blue line had become too controversial. The ban outraging thousands of officers who say the force is already suffering because of low morale. Let's bring in Caitlyn Jenner, former California gubernatorial candidate and a Fox News contributor. Caitlyn, it's always great to have you on. 10,000 members of the LAPD, which is pretty much everybody, disagree with the chief on this. You would think this time in history the chief would want to back up his officers? Well, this is a political issue, amazing in California. And Chief Michelle Moore, he went woke on us big time. And it's really hurting the morale out here in California. Basically, what happened? To be police chief, it is an appointed position. He was appointed in 2018 by Eric Garcetti, and now he's up for reappointment. And he has to kind of cater to the board. Well, you can imagine here in California, the LAPD board is very woke. So this issue of the flag came up. Yes, I'm sure that the cops are very woke, Caitlyn. Sure, Jen. The blue line flag that has been in public areas for a while, and it's to really recognize the fallen LAPD officers that we've had over the last few years. Right. All of a sudden, Black Lives Matter, other far left organization says you can't put that flag up in a public place. It's racist. It's a promotes violence. And so he went woke on us and decided to go with the leftist groups and remove the flags. Okay. So we'll stop it right there. We don't really need to watch much more. But she's basically affirming exactly what the right wants to hear. The police chief went woke. I mean, this woke virus, it even infested police departments now. And just for those who don't know, there's not a single police department in the country that is woke. Period. Full stop. But the point is, she's saying what they want to hear.  They are absolutely ruthless to her. And I'll just warn you, there's transphobia in this comment section. There's dead naming. It is brutal. Because this is kind of them saying, we will never accept you. You are part of the problem. And it's sad. But at the same time, she subjected herself to this. So I have no sympathy for her at all. So let's see here. So dead naming her talking about going woke is hilarious. You can't make this stuff up.  Gotcha. So how dare you talk about woke.  So if you substituted Caitlin Jenner for Tucker Carlson, they would agree with it. But the problem is, well, it's coming from a trans woman, so it's bad. So this is, believe it or not, identity politics, right? They do the same to Blair White. Yeah, exactly.  And she's still like, well, you know what, whatever, that's fine. As long as I can keep grifting off of demonizing my own community and throwing my own community under the bus, this person says, why is dead name also giving his two cents dead naming and misgendering worth, he's more confused than most people. So they literally couldn't care less about the substance here. They just are so fixated on the fact that Caitlin Jenner is trans that nothing else matters. Dead name on Fox News dressed up while as a woman and complaining about the woke culture in California is insane. Give your ex wife her dress and undergarments back. Dead name is one dude I can live without hearing from. It's hard to take everything or excuse me.  And all of these comments, these trans public comments are heavily upvoted, heavily upvoted, calling Caitlin Jenner a drag queen.  So this person is actually addressing the substance seemingly. Wish the police would be content to fly the regular American flag. I don't want civil rights groups coming out.  Okay, we have another one just addressing the issue. And then we're back. Dead name, what a disgrace as a kid I looked up to this guy, Mr. Olympic gold captain America. I want Wheaties to reimburse me for all the cereals I ate thinking it would help me grow like a man like this guy represented and not the lady boy that we actually ended up getting. So you went to bed as dead name, but woke up as Caitlin Jenner. Now that's what I call woke, woke. We're living in the in the Twilight Zone. How many tears have fallen? Okay, this is that's way too long. I'm so outraged. This takes the cake. Okay, well Sandra doesn't seem to fixated on Caitlin Jenner.  Same feeling, right? And to call him Caitlin misgendering pretending he's actually a woman. It's the emperor's new clothes all over again. Jesus Christ. Yeah, so this kind of goes on and on. You get the picture. It hurts to see Bruce like that. They are absolutely ruthless. And so I need people like Caitlin Jenner to understand that they will never ever accept you. Not only are you invalid to them, they would do harm to you if they could they would legislate you out of existence if they could. But the problem with some people is that, you know, Caitlin Jenner, for example, Blair White, same applies to her, they don't have community solidarity. They have class solidarity. And so because grifting to the right and pandering to the right and essentially affirming all of their preexisting biases makes them a lot of money. They're willing to throw their own community and themselves under the bus in order to profit. It's truly gross. It's genuinely nauseating to see. But this is the lie. These are the lives that they chose for themselves. So I'm not going to be too, too sad for Caitlin Jenner here. She essentially asked for this by aligning with these folks. It doesn't make it right. But I mean, it's kind of like the whole, I can't believe that leopards would eat my face says woman who voted for the leopards eating phase party. Like that's exactly what this is. You can't get in bed with these demons and expect for them to accept you if you tell them what they want to hear. It's you. You are the problem to them. They don't want you to exist. In fact, we should take a look at other videos because I want to be I want to make sure that this isn't just like an outlier because woke came up. Maybe there are other videos where they listen to what Caitlin Jenner has to say and they're not fixated on her identity. Let me just see really quick here. Okay, this is another example of woke world going crazy. Caitlin Jenner, I'm getting tired of this world. Do they just bring her on to denounce wokeness military wokeness has to stop. Okay, so apparently that's all that Fox News brings her on to talk about is wokeness. Okay, well, let's let's check it out because these are these only samples that we have to look at. This is another example of the woke world going crazy. Let's check the comment section here. I'm not seeing a lot from this one to be fair. This, okay, never mind. I spoke too soon. 158 upvotes. This man speaking on the subject on TV without shame is the woke world gone crazy. Jenner is one of the people who pioneered this carnival we're living in. Okay, so yeah, they're back. They're back. Caitlin Jenner, this is another example of the woke world gone crazy. That's hilarious considering the source. Okay, so yeah, the transphobia is still there. Let's check another video here. Caitlin Jenner, I'm getting so tired of this woke world. Is this intellectually stimulating to her by the way? The wokeness is so bad. I mean, don't you have concerns, political concerns that you care about? Aren't you concerned about tax cuts? Imagine living in a world where Caitlin Jenner gets called anti-trans. Are we living in the twilight zone? When an actual trans person says woke stuff has got insanely out of hand, you know there's something severely wrong with the world. So this is the response that I originally kind of expected to see mostly. This has a lot of upvotes. So maybe she said something that really resonated with them. Maybe she's like, look, I'm an abomination. Okay, but if I can see that the wokeness has gone too far as woke as I am, then we've gone too far. Like maybe that's what she said. Although I don't want to watch the video. I can't take any more of Caitlin Jenner's commentary. It's torture. Caitlin is the most qualified person to argue that biological men should not compete in women's sports as an Olympian and transgender person. It speaks volumes that she is against this. So what are we talking about here? So they might actually listen to what she has to say if in this segment specifically she's throwing trans people under the bus. Because that's really the utility in bringing on Caitlin Jenner.  But if this trans woman is going to use her identity to legitimize anti-trans bigotry, then that's when they're going to listen to what she has to say. So let's see. There it is. Right there. Boom. Leah Thomas. It's faster than all the women in the girls in sports. Well, that goes viral. So this one, maybe they're going to be more charitable to her because she's saying that transphobia is okay. Hating on trans women. That's fine. So let's see. Are they going to dead name and misgender her? You know we're living in the end times when Caitlin Jenner starts to make sense. I feel like transgender women and transgender men should have their own categories when competing in sports. No, they should not. Everyone has the right to compete fairly and this is definitely not fair. Thank you for standing up for women. Okay. So the one time at least that we've come across that Fox News's audience is not fixated on Caitlin Jenner's identity. It's when she's throwing other trans people under the bus. But when she speaks about a different issue, they're fixated on her transgender identity. Because again, the extent to which right wingers welcome marginalized people, it goes in so far as they're willing to throw their own community under the bus. But the second you deviate from what their expectations are, they are ruthless. They're berating you. They're calling you a woke person. So here's another one. Three months ago, Caitlin Jenner, the military wokeness has to stop. So she's talking about the military presumably and not trans people. So what do they say this time? So, okay, so far I'm seeing the first three comments that I see. They're discussing the actual issue that's being discussed.  Imagine living in a world where Caitlin Jenner gets called anti-trans. Are we in the Twilight Zone? Wait, did we not just... did that same person make the same comment? What's going on here? This guy can't even figure out his gender, but sure, let's listen to his military strategy. So here we are again. This is the most ironic news clip I've ever seen in my entire lifetime. You couldn't find the worst person to talk about this subject. So funny. Caitlin Jenner is how you know this is all reality TV. So once again, you see a ton of people just shitting on Caitlin Jenner for who she is. Because to them, to these people, they believe that just platforming a trans woman is Fox News going woke. So Caitlin Jenner should look at the comments and realize the only time they're going to accept you for who you are is when you're shitting on other trans people. But that's it. That's the extent of it. Like Dave Rubin ran into this problem too, right?   Milo says he should be put to death.  Like we don't have to revisit that. We talked about that. But he forgot that he got out of line. They don't care about him as a person. He could die and they wouldn't shed a single tear. They are using him and he forgot that that's his purpose. His role is to throw gay men and gay women under the bus. Caitlin Jenner's role is to throw trans women and trans people and non-binary people under the bus. The second that you deviate from that expectation, your usefulness to them is over. They don't care about anything else. So Caitlin Jenner is deluding herself to think that they care about what she has to say.  Period. End of story. So these grifters are craven. They are gross. But the thing about Caitlin Jenner is she's not necessarily comparable to Dave Rubin because Dave Rubin wasn't already wealthy. Caitlin Jenner was. So it's not like she's choosing to do this for money, in my opinion.  Maybe because she wants to be part of that conservative in-group since economically she aligns with them on everything. I honestly struggle to figure out the motivations of Caitlin Jenner. Either way, they will never accept her if that's what she's looking for and she's being used.


We start with TikTok, TikTok, TikTok. I don't know what TikTok is. Anybody know what TikTok is? It's some kind of social networking thing, video thing, fun, short videos. People go crazy. They are TikTok stars. They are TikTok with people with huge, massive followings. It's the hot social media platform right now. And it's the hot video platform there is right now. It's very similar to what Instagram was for a while. And then there was, there'd been like five different adoration of different companies that, there was Vine. There was Vine, that's right, Vine. And there were others like that that all the kids get excited about they do funny videos and everybody downloads and everybody watches and it lasts so I don't know you or two. And then everybody switch to something else. I don't think it's soft porn. I don't think there's any porn on it. What? So DDV shows there's no soft porn. It's called the internet? No, no, no. Internet's pretty hard porn. What do you, where's the soft part in the internet? I have no idea.  There's a cross snap chat, which is owned by the company called Snap. And you've got multiple competitors to this. Anyway, the Trump administration has decided that TikTok is a national security threat to the United States. Secretary Pompeo a few days ago said that they were looking at ways in which to shut TikTok down. And today, no, yesterday, yesterday, yesterday, maybe it was yesterday. I can't keep track. Yesterday I think Donald Trump said that he would sign an executive order today, Saturday, that would ban TikTok. He was personally going to eliminate TikTok as he said in his little statement to the press. He has the power. He has the power to shut down this company. Now, why is this company so offensive to the Trump administration? Primarily because it's owned by the Chinese and we'll talk about why that is important in a minute, but it's owned by a Chinese company. Whoops, what did I just do? It's owned by a Chinese company. And of course we know that anything Chinese these days is bad, evil, wrong, nasty. And that the federal government needs to protect us from those evil Chinese and what they might do to this country. Of course, why is it a national security threat? Well, because it is owned by a Chinese company. Now, as it turns out, TikTok is a US subsidiary of this Chinese company. It is a complete, all the videos, all the content on the US subsidiary, on the US TikTok versus the Chinese TikTok, is all content, especially all American content, that's content that's produced and created and done here. Chinese TikTok is very different than American TikTok. I don't think the Chinese consumers have access to the American TikTok and American consumers don't have access to the Chinese TikTok, the separate entities, separate subsidiary. But this is the fear. The fear is that TikTok collects massive amounts of user data, as all social media does. It collects data, I guess you have to sign in and then they get to see what you watch and what you don't watch. And they aggregate all this data and this data is held in on servers. And the Trump administration is claiming that, as a consequence, that data can fall into the hands of the Chinese authorities. That is that we know the Chinese companies often fall under the thumb of the Chinese government and therefore the Chinese government can force them. To provide the data usage of Americans on TikTok USA. Now, granted, that would be a violation of privacy rights of American consumers and that would be a bad thing. There is no evidence that any of that has happened. There's no suggestion of that. There's no criminal prosecution, there's no civil car prosecution against TikTok. There is nothing that indicates that the Chinese government has had, so far, any access to this data. There are stories about the kind of data that it collects and it collects data like any other app. It is delivered to your phone through Apple and through the Apple App Store and Apple, I guess, monitors what those apps collect and through the Google Play App Store on Google. It is obviously incredibly popular. Tens of millions of US subscribers and in Europe. It is for whatever reason. I don't understand these things. I mean, every one of these video apps to me look the same, but there's something unique about it. There's something special, there's something entertaining that people really like. And obviously this data is collected and this data is substantial in terms of what videos you watch and maybe some personal data associated with when you sign in. Anyway, this is deemed a national security threat, a national security threat. Now as a first step, the Trump administration has taken and has asked military and government employees and sensitive positions to delete the app. The other idea is that maybe the app provides some kind of entry point into your iPhone and steals all the information from your iPhone. I'm dubious about that given Apple's very, very strict oversight of what goes in the app store, but this is the Chinese. They are capable of anything. And as somebody says, why take a chance? It's dangerous. This is particularly relevant when American social media companies are being accused of selling private data. This is not accusation that Chinese company will, but that the Chinese company is going to give it to their government, not sell it to private companies as some Americans have. Now, I am dubious about the whole line of reasoning. If there is evidence, sure, prosecute. There is a court of law. There are ways and ways to prosecute companies abusing the data that they have. We have intelligence services. We have law enforcement, exactly for this purpose, to detect violation of individual rights of Americans. And if individual rights are violated, yes, then the government should step in and do something about it.  There have been two other cases where the Trump administration has done this with Chinese companies. And I can't pronounce these companies, so those of you who know a little bit of Chinese or maybe know something about how to pronounce these Chinese company names, I apologize in advance. One is ZTE, so that's pretty easy. But the other one is Hawaii, H-U-A-W-E-I, Hawaii. Now, both of those companies make electronic equipment. For example, Hawaii makes equipment for 5G, right? That's how we all get the coronavirus as to Hawaii's 5G equipment. I don't know if you heard. I think I've talked about it in the previous show about the conspiracy theory that it's 5G networks that are produced by the Chinese that actually activate the coronavirus. Anyway, they create this hardware and the danger there is that they will actually have, the Chinese government could have, therefore, implanted in this equipment back doors that provide it access. Not just the videos you've watched, but to everything, to all your phone calls, to all your financial information, to really everything. Once they can get in to the infrastructure of the web, they can control, they theoretically can accumulate vast amounts of information. I assume that also American intelligence has some reason to think that Hawaii and ZTE, that the government, which is involved with them, there's some real legitimate reason to believe that these things can be used for espionage. And therefore, they've been banned. And the way the government did this with Hawaii and ZTE is they basically banned them from government contracts and from participating in much of the infrastructure that is being built around 5G and other things. But primarily, they've done it through banning them from the government dealing with them at all. Again, TikTok is a video thing. This is not an app from the Chinese government, this is an app from a Chinese company. And I know that you guys have a hard time differentiating the two. I know that, but it's not the same thing. It just isn't. And indeed, much of what you consume, much of what you have in your pocket, including the iPhone and including not an iPhone, if you have other kinds of products, like Samsung products or whatever, are products that are built, constructed, parts, features that come from China. No, it is not the same thing. I've said many times that the Chinese government is not communist.  And it says TikTok also shown to grab the iPhone global copy area where passwords and other sensitive information is placed. I'm skeptical, allow me to be skeptical because I don't think Apple would tolerate that of them doing that. And if it's being shown, you would think that Apple would have shut them down. So I'm skeptical about that. But look, this is all part of a bank passwords, things like that. Maybe, I mean if it was, then why isn't a criminal lawsuit against the company? Why is Apple still having them on the platform? Is this because Apple has sold out the American people to a Chinese company? I'm skeptical, I'm skeptical. It seems much more likely that this is, this is a winning issue for Trump. That's I think what this is all about. The one issue that Trump has going for him, oh, he's got a number of issues. Well, one of the issues Trump has going for him, going into this election, is the fact that the American public are unbelievably skeptical and negative about the Chinese government and to the logic set for the right reasons. Oh, I don't know if they're the right reasons. There's good reasons for them to be. I don't think it's for the right reasons. Just like I don't think that Trump's skepticism and negativity about the Chinese government is for the right reasons. That it's nothing to do with the fascist nature of the government. It has nothing to do with what they're doing in Hong Kong. It has nothing to do with what they're doing with the Muslims in Western China. It has everything to do with politics. Everything to do with politics. And with his perspective on trade. His perspective on trade. So he is batting that in spite of the fact that young voters love TikTok, he doesn't have the young vote anyway, that he is gonna go for China powerful incentive to vote. And, but it's all about China as the villain. I don't believe it has anything to do with the reality. Again, we are consumers of hundreds, if not thousands, on a daily basis of Chinese products. Most companies, most of the companies that we buy from in China are private companies. They extend that they, you know, they're allowed to be private in China. But they are, they make their own decisions. They build their own products. They keep the profits. They pay lower taxes than American companies. But we know, and this is the difference between China and America. In China, companies could be taken over by the government at the whim of the government. Companies can be forced to be part of the government at the whim of the government. Companies can have to take a knee in front of the government at the first opportunity. In America, on the other hand, it can't just be at the whim of the government, although sometimes it is. There has to be some process. But the government can bring companies to their knees just as well. For example, this TikTok company is an American subsidiary. Yes, of a Chinese company, but it's in America. Employees are Americans. Employees are 1,000 Americans. The servers where all this information is stored is in the United States of America. And this is what I think is truly revealing. TikTok USA has been in discussions with Microsoft to sell TikTok to Microsoft. And it has been in discussions for weeks now because it would like to, right? Would like to. The highest amount Super Chat permits is $99 since when? That's interesting. Because it used to allow much larger contributions. That's interesting. Anyway, TikTok has been in negotiations with Microsoft to sell because TikTok realized that they were gonna be shut down by the Trump administration. So they figured that they might as well cash out, that they might as well cash out. And those negotiations seem like they're fruitful and Microsoft was on the verge of buying TikTok. And that's a way for, again, the Chinese companies to capitalize to get the money for its investment. And now Microsoft would be responsible for the data. So if it has not been shown that TikTok is stealing sensitive information, it has not been shown that if it was shown that there would be a lawsuit by the government. So again, there's tons of misinformation out there, but there was no actually concrete evidence. Otherwise, if there was any kind of evidence, the Justice Department order filed a lawsuit. Instead of Trump threatening to shut it down through executive order, which is dubious because it's not clear he has the authority to do it. And it's not clear how he would do it. Why not just take them to court and shut them down that way? And the reason is, cause they don't have evidence. I mean, if there's evidence, you take it to court. You use executive orders and you use threats when there's no evidence. And again, the indication of why this is that this is something different is the fact that Trump said that he would not accept TikTok selling to Microsoft. Why? Why wouldn't he accept that? Why isn't it okay if the problem really is that TikTok's collecting this information and might be passed on to Chinese government. Why is selling to Microsoft not a solution? It seems like the logical thing. It's a very popular app in Americans. There's this risk that the data would go to China, sell the thing, put Microsoft in charge, put it in data centers controlled by Microsoft and you solve the problem. I mean, if Trump said no. And why? Why? Well, because that would take a win away from him. Trump wants a win. Trump wants ability to say, I shut down a Chinese company. Trump wants to be able to say, I protected you from the evils of a Chinese company. And by Microsoft buying it, the market will have solved the problem. And there was no interest. There was no interest in the market for this administration and seeing markets solve problems. This is an administration interested in central planners solving problems. Now, I did find it interesting that there is no, I try to read up on how Trump would shut it down. We don't have in the United States a mechanism to shut down an app. I mean, the Chinese do.  The United States, we don't have that. We don't have control like that over the internet. They could, the Communist Department could tell Apple and Google they can't sell the app on the app store. But they'd have to have a reason. And they'd be a lawsuit. And it's not clear how you would do that. Again, we as compared to China and some of you probably think this is a big disadvantage, we are a country of laws. The president can't just say, I don't want this app to be on the platform and get rid of it. There's a process, there are lawsuits. This will be contested. I mean, it's just no simple mechanism by which we can or our government can shut down somebody like TikTok and good because imagine if they could shut down any app, any social media, any business they didn't like. So yeah, it's, I don't know where this is gonna go. Saturday has pretty much passed. And as far as I can tell from following the news, Trump has not yet signed that executive order. TikTok is still working. TikTok is owned by a Chinese company. I have the name of the Chinese company here somewhere. But I can't find it right now. Anyway, it's owned by a Chinese company. But Microsoft, which was going to buy the company, was, has stopped the negotiations until Donald Trump, our commander, well, central plan chief, actually decides whether he'll let Microsoft buy them. Yes, a bit, bit dance, bit dance is the name of the Chinese company that owns TikTok. So instead of just letting the market solve the problem, which is what it was going to do with Microsoft buying TikTok, Microsoft now is stepping away to see what the government wants to do. Because now we are all beholden, a little bit like the Chinese in China, we all beholden to the government to get approval for what we do, to get permission for what we do. And this is, remind you of a Republican administration for whatever that's worth. I think the volume was way high then, nobody told me. All right, if the volume's too low now, let me know, but I think it was too high there before. Okay, let's see. Do we have any super check questions on TikTok? The main thing distinguishing TikTok from other apps is its ownership. Unlike the other parts of the world, China experts say the Communist Party could easily pressure TikTok into hand over data. True, true. But there's no evidence that's happened. And you could prosecute if it did, because it's a legal entity in the United States to subsidiary. And the data is not exactly national security data. And they were going to sell to Microsoft. So why not just let them sell to Microsoft? And then the ownership problem is solved. But at least yesterday, now he could have changed his mind. At least yesterday, Donald Trump said no to selling to Microsoft. Again, the fact that we even asked the president whether a company can sell to another company is amazing to me. Derek says, ask what do you think of the song TikTok by Keisha? I think you'll be shocked to discover. I'm shocked, shocked that I don't know what he's talking about. Who is Keisha? And given that I don't know who Keisha is, I certainly don't know a song by TikTok. So for commentary on popular culture or popular music, you will have to go elsewhere. What we need today, what I called a new intellectual would be any man or woman who is willing to sing. Meaning, any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason, by the intellect, not by feelings, wishes, whims or mystic revelations. Any man or woman who values his life and who does not want to give in to today's cult of despair, cynicism and impotence and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist broad. All right, before we go on, reminder, please like the show. We've got 163 live listeners right now, 30 likes, that should be at least 100. I figure at least 100 of you actually like the show.  There you go, start liking it. I wanna see that go to 100. All it takes is a click of a thing whether you're looking at this. And you know the likes matter. It's not an issue of my ego. It's an issue of the algorithm. The more you like something, the more the algorithm likes it. So, you know, and if you don't like the show, give it a thumbs down. Let's see your actual views being reflected in the likes. But if you like it, don't just sit there, help get the show promoted. Of course, you should also share and you can support the show at your own book show.com slash support on Patreon or subscribe star or locals and show you support for the work, for the value, hopefully you're receiving from this.  You'll know what shows are on, when they're on. You'll get notified, right? So, yes, like, share, subscribe, support. Like, share, subscribe, support. There you go. Easy. Do one or all of those, please.


Justin Bieber has now confirmed his engagement to Hailey Baldwin, but Hailey Baldwin is standing for Jelena.  I don't care what anyone says, but Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez together is the definition of a teenage dream. I'm for sure 100% team Jelena, oh s***, sorry everyone, sorry those tweets were from 2011. Oops. Stop the news. Also, LOL. I bet Hales is finding this as hilarious as the rest of us because yep, 2011 Hailey is not here for 2018 Hailey, who's about to husband the Biebs. Justin hit his Instagram to officially confirm the news last night, saying that he can't wait for the best season of life. It was going to wait a while to say anything, but word travels fast. Listen, plain and simple, Hailey, I am so in love with everything about you. My heart is completely and fully yours, and I will always put you first.   Oh my god, does anyone else want to sing Love as an Open Door right now? No? Okay. The thing I am most excited for is that my little brother and sister get to see another healthy, stable marriage and look for the same. You make me so much better and we compliment each other so well, can't wait for the best season of my life yet. Oh, sorry, sorry, I'm just so single, you guys. I'm so single. Anyway, Hailey's also confirmed thing, tweeting, not sure what I did in life to deserve such happiness, but I am so utterly grateful to God for giving me such an incredible person to share my life with. No words could ever express my gratitude. If any person present knows of any lawful impediment to this marriage, he or she should declare it now. Don't even think about it 2011, Hailey. I'm 100% Team Beabwind, Jaleigh, uh, Baldbebes? What is the official ship name, guys? Just a few weeks ago, it was announced that pop princess Ariana Grande was to marry SNL cast member Pete Davidson shortly after they made their relationship official. One unlikely person to share their thoughts on the upcoming nuptials is Selena Gomez. During a recent interview with Clevver at the Hotel Transylvania 3 premiere, the star was asked what her animated character, Mavis, would think about their engagement. She said she had no idea what her character would think, but she added that she personally thinks it's amazing and beautiful. I know what you're all thinking. When will she comment on Bieber's engagement to Hailey? Guys, sorry to burst your bubble, but I don't think that's ever going to happen. Her fans, on the other hand, have been ever so vocal as they created quite an inappropriate hashtag, saying the star was now free from Justin. Ouch. Forces just slipped Hailey on the front cover of their latest magazine alongside the words, at 21, she's said to be the youngest ever self-made billionaire. Now, the almost billionaire bit's probably right. Her company, Kylie Cosmetics, has reportedly valued it around 800 million US dollars. Then you've got all the cash she's made from TV shows, appearances, paid Instagram endorsements for giant stickers made of tea that you put on your stomach to apparently make it more toned. Yeah. No, what people are taking issue with is the self-made part of that. As the dictionary kindly pointed out, self-made means having succeeded in life unaided, and it's kind of hard to say that Kylie's made it through life wholly unaided. For starters, she was chucked on a reality TV show when she was 10. And it might not have been her choice, and she might have directly made money off it back then, but the family certainly did. And coming from a family with money gives you access to so many privileges that a lot of people don't have. Education, health care, handbags worth more than some people's college tuition. The show also made her a celebrity. So when it came to selling her trademark lip kits, she already had an arsenal of fans of her famous pout stocked up on Instagram. Of course, that's not to say she isn't impressive. One way or another, she's built a hugely successful brand and made a ton of money from it at a very young age. To put it in perspective, Kim Kardashian is worth only 350 million. Taylor Swift only 320 and Beyonce only 355. Kylie Jenner is so rich that I am actually using the word only in front of $355 million to compare it to other people. It's also always brilliant to see young women killing it. She's a modern celebrity that millions of people look up to. And she made very well of inspired a fair few businesswoman. Maybe even some of them genuinely self-made. After all, she didn't need to build a multi-million dollar company. She could have just mooched about in her family mansion, working on her tan and ordering multiple fish tacos off delivery, like a lot of people would do, given the choice. But to call herself made is to minimize the massive hit start she's had in life, to ignore the fact that she started the race hundreds of meters ahead, or some people can run their whole life and not even make it to the start line. So to the person saying, we need to raise a hundred million dollars to give to Kylie Jenner. So she's a full billionaire. We really don't.


So, the term integration actually does not refer to a program, but actually a combination of programs, being able to merge something like Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word. Now, how do we do this? Well, let's take a look at the background for just a second. If I pull up Windows Explorer, Windows Explorer is just going to give me a little bit of an insight as to what it means to actually have this integration effect. So, if we kind of dig a little deeper into our local disk, you can see that we have both our program files and our program files 86. I know this is a little bit of review from Windows module one, but what's actually going on here is if we dig a little deeper into program files, you're going to see that we actually have a Microsoft Office folder, not a Microsoft Word, not a Microsoft Excel folder, Microsoft Office. And if we enter in that, again, I don't see necessarily Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint. But I do see this Office 15. Now, this Office 15, if I go into that one, you're actually seeing everything that Microsoft Office is. So, that first file that we look at, notice it's Microsoft Access. There's Microsoft Excel. There's, let's see, Microsoft Publisher, if we're so lucky. Outlook, PowerPoint, we scroll down a little bit more. Microsoft Word, Visio, Microsoft Windows Project, all of these programs are just different views of what it means to look at Microsoft Office. So, when we are given a task like taking, say, for example, a pie chart in Microsoft Excel, and then placing that into a Word document, say, for example, I have some text written here, and then I want right here, I want a nice little pie chart being displayed as well. I want to have kind of that same demographic. I like, you know, I'm demonstrating, say, for example, the students that I have who are passing, failing, and passing by, I need to display that. It's an end of the year report. Well, what actually goes into place here is that exact same amount. Say, for example, here is that chart. Well, when I look at that, I want to take this file, and this graphic, and I want to integrate it into Microsoft Word. I want to integrate this. Well, as simple as it was in the past, all I have to do is click on the copy button. Copy. All that's going to do is that's going to take all of my information that I have currently selected, for example, this chart. Copy. Now, if I open up Microsoft Word, as soon as I go to paste this option, you're going to notice that that exact same chart gets appeared. It appears in my screen. Now, we do have a bit of a vocabulary that we have to deal with before we can just accept this copy and paste effect. The first thing is that what we're looking at when we deal with Excel. This is actually known as my source object. My source object, because again, that's where the pie chart is originating from. Word, Word is actually known as my destination file. That's where I want to put this pie chart. The reason why I throw out these definitional terms is because we also have two other ones that come into play. You thought copy and pasting was just copy and pasting, but you were wrong, wrong. We're actually looking at two other types of copy and pasting. One of them is known as embedding, and the other one is known as linking. Depending on which one of these we select, we actually get a different sort of integration between my pie chart and my Word document. Embedding, for example. Embedding basically makes a copy. It makes an entire copy of my Excel spreadsheet, and then literally puts it into the Word document. Now, what about linking? Linking actually sort of does exactly that. You can think of it like it creates a bridge between two files, two files. Now, instead of this blue that we're seeing up here, we don't have that blue. Let me make that a little bigger. We don't get that luxury of a blue. What actually is going on here is now, I'm going to go ahead and put that blue on here. A blue, what actually is going on here is now, I create sort of a link. This data resides in the Excel file, but it's being displayed on the Word document. If I make a change in the Excel file, that change also happens in Microsoft Word, and vice versa. I can actually make changes in Word. So if we took a look at this guy right here, we just hit the paste button. Now, okay, that didn't do too much. I don't understand which one I'm going to go with, but I'm going to go ahead and just get rid of him for a second. And I'm going to click on the drop-down menu for paste. There we are. The drop-down menu for paste gives me a number of options. The first one is to use the destination theme and embed. Embed, there's that key word again. Use that destination theme, our destination file, and embed the workbook. Embedding it meaning copy the entire workbook into Microsoft Word. That's what happens when we hit the paste button by default. Now, if I right-click on this chart, that actually will give me the option to edit my data, and I can actually edit my data in Microsoft Accept. Now, something to take note of. This data right here is not the same as this data over here. If I make a change, say for example, I'm fudging my numbers, I don't want my boss to think that I have that many failing students. So I go, oh, I only have two failing students. And I've got to tack on those. So I got eight Bs. Ooh, look at that. Now it looks so awesome, so great. My pie chart looks a little different. Why didn't it change over here? Why didn't it change in here? It's again, because I've deliberately copied everything over into my Microsoft Word document. So that luxury does not happen. However, this time, let's say for example, let's take a look at the next option. Keep source formatting and embed workbook. Well, right now so far, we're not using any color differences. All we're just saying is format it using the Excel theme instead of the Word theme. Let's actually take a look at that. Let's say for example, I change the theme of this to Ion. Now that just changed the color a little bit. I'm going to take this and I'm going to copy it. I come back over to Word. That first option, use destination theme. I hit the paste button.  Now if I select the second option, keep source formatting. You can see I can use that Ion format. So source and destination. That's just these two words that we were talking about over here. So the next option. The next option was to use the destination theme and link the data. Link the data. That's the important part because now what I'm doing is I'm creating that bridge between my two files. Now in here, if I right click and I say to edit the data, I'm deliberately editing the data from the original file. Notice again, up here it says book two. That's my original file. I make that change now. I say that there was eight students here and I fudge those numbers again. What I should see happen is in Microsoft Word that same data changes. Now if I don't right click on it, but I just make the changes anyway in Excel. I don't right click. I didn't say to edit the data. It doesn't matter. I come in here and oh well, I don't like, you know, maybe I don't want to give it away too much. I say it's a 7% and it's a 3% here. Well, again, those changes happen inside of Microsoft Word as well because I've linked my data. Now the last one is if I just select the option to keep the source formatting and link the data, as it says, I just get to keep the coloring now. The last option there just to show it off was take it and just turn it into a picture. And that's exactly what it does. I can't edit the data anymore. All I get is a picture version of it. Now something to take note of again, because Microsoft Office is just or Word is just another view of the data. Excel is just another view of the data. When I click on this chart, notice I get the chart tools options. These are the exact same options that I got when I was in Microsoft Excel. You see, I click on the chart, I get the same chart tools options. I click on design here. You see what I get? If I click on design in Microsoft Word, I'm going to get the exact same. The colors are going to be different because we're using a different theme, but you can see this format, format. Everything looks slightly different, but notice the shape styles are the exact same. The colors are a little different. The word art styles, everything is the same, except I'm just in a different program. This integration effect does have a few definitional terms. Again, those definitions are, I have a source object and a destination object. I can embed, make a copy, or I can link, create a bridge between two different files. They all matter and something to keep in mind when you're looking at least for your final exam.


Just hear me out here for the first minute because I need to apologize. Now yes, this is the Friday vlog series and unfortunately for those of you who love the two parts, we're just going one part today because I need to focus on what has been, for some, a long-awaited, windspace T1500 first impressions. And look, the apology that I wanna make up front is I feel like I've set the wrong expectations for this project. Now if you missed my first video on this bike, which looked a lot different to what it does now, this is what I said. So for the past three to four years, I've been reviewing bikes and I can compare this Aero frame to other mainstream Aero brands such as the Cannondale System 6, the Merida Reacto, the BMC Time Machine, the Cervelo S5, the Specialized Venged and the Chapter 2 Rare A. But after riding this bike for a couple of months now, my first initial impressions are that it does not compare to top of the range mainstream Aero bikes. It's not in the same league yet anyway. And I suppose that is to be expected given the price difference. But I guess buying direct from China, I was kind of hopeful that mitigating the middleman, no major overhead corporate marketing cost, et cetera, we might be able to get a $1,500 frame USD, they're about for the same price as what you would spend for a $4,000 USD frame, but that does not appear to be the case. And there is one resounding riding experience feature on this bike, which I feel lets it down at this point in time, which I'll share with you in this video today. And look, I can appreciate what some of the skeptics may now be thinking. Ah, he's got it in for win space. And look, the irony of that is I got highly criticized. When I first shared the win space with everyone for being in bed with win space when I first started this project, how much was I getting paid and all this hot garbage? So this video will no doubt change a few minds, but please know this win space still has some great riding characteristics, which I'm gonna share with you in this video, but it's not what I was envisaging. And that being the riding experience would be the cherry on top of what has been quite an exciting project from introduction to strip to scan to repaint to build. And now my first impressions. But know this for the long-term review, I'm gonna reset some expectations and we're gonna compare the win space here to other aero bikes in the same price bracket. So I've reached out to my friends and advanced traders who will be providing me with a Merida Reacto 6000 in June, I believe. And I've also reached out to another Chinese brand, Yoelio, I think that's how you say it, who have confirmed over email that they can provide me with their aero bike for review once it's been UCI approved. Whether that second one happens, I'm not exactly sure because the email communication was a little bit cryptic. I hope it does though. And look, if you've got any other ideas, because I'd like to compare this to not only two, but maybe three other bikes within the same price bracket, please put your suggestions below and I'll see what I can do about it. And of course, if you wanna see this turn into a long-term review comparing to those bikes, don't forget to subscribe below if you already haven't hit the bell to ensure you get notified and please make sure you give this video a like if you get value out of it today. So we're gonna split the first impressions into four parts. Part number one, total bike cost. Part number two, total bike weight. Part number three, geometry and design. And part number four, riding experiences including why I've swapped the wheels out and some speed tests I have completed with different wheels on too. So part number one, the total bike cost. So the frame and fork, I'm gonna do this in AUD was 1900 AUD. The hyper 50 millimeter wheels were 1400 AUD. The SRAM Force one by mechanical group set with a quark power meter was roughly 2500 AUD. The windspace bars were 370 AUD and the bits and pieces so the tires, the saddle, et cetera, totaled roughly 600 AUD. So the total was 6,800 AUD and if you took away the power meter we'd probably get it closer to 5,500 AUD which translates to circa 4,300 USD. Now many people asked in the build video about the bar tape which we've since changed because we've now rerouted that cable internally to demonstrate it could be done. But the original bar tape on the build was flex ribbon tape, I'll put a link below and the reason why the cable was left out during the build was because DAX who was building the bike store owner of Topline Cycles suggested for someone that races and uses the bike a lot, leaving a cable external is more reliable for gear changing with the cable not having to endure two times 90 degree kinks internally and having it external also makes it easier to replace. However, I recently took the bike into my local bike shop here Trilogy Cycles and they rerouted the cable internally just to demonstrate to you and show that it could be done. Part number two is the total bike weight. So the frame weight which is a large size or 55 centimeter top tube after the respray was 1,530 grams combined with a fork knocking off a total of about 40 grams combined from the previous weight before it was stripped and repainted. The bike with all the bits and pieces on it including my speed play stainless pedals came in at 8.1 kilograms. It should be noted regarding the wheels and thanks to Matt from VeloChimp who was helping me change the wheels over that the zip alloy wheels which are now on the bike added roughly 60 grams combined. However, it should also be noted that I had some disc brake adapters on the hyper wheels which added almost 100 grams total to the setup. Number three is geometry and design. So the first thing I had to do with the windspace after I purchased it and I did pay for it out of my own money at a negotiated rate was identify an appropriate size. And if you go to the windspace website you'll see their sizing doesn't quite match up with what you typically will find with most mainstream brands. Which I found unusual because you would think if you were windspace trying to take on the mainstream world that you would create your sizing very similar to what a specialized BMC or a giant may be but from what I can gather that doesn't appear to be the case. And look the sizing may actually suit a number of riders out there. Doesn't so much suit myself. And I know a lot of people have sent me messages asking me what size I went because they're struggling to select the right size too. Now for me, I'm 178 to 179 centimetres on a good day in terms of height. And I went with a large windspace T1500 in the end which is a 55 centimetre top tube. Mainly because the stack on the medium which is a 53 centimetre top tube was rather aggressive at 517 millimetres. So personally, I feel like I'm left with a windspace here that's probably a little bit too big for me. Not that it's gonna impact my test and riding experience because many times I've ridden a size up because that's all that's been on offer in order to share a review with you. But I think ultimately what you need to consider if you're interested in buying a windspace is the geometry. And my advice is to go to geometrygeeks.bike enter a bike that works for you right now or has in the past and make a comparison there. That's a great website by the way which I'll link to below. Now in terms of design, this is where one of the great windspace T1500 assets comes out to shine. And that is aesthetics. I think it's a great looking bike. A lot of people compliment me on the bike as well and I tend to agree of course with the carbon steed's magnificent paint job to add. But there's two specific micro design engineering features that I wanna point out to you. Number one is what windspace call their T-TAR which is a drop seat stay. And you can see how the stays really flare out quite significantly according to windspace this large area compresses airflow downwards greatly reducing the turbulence generated. Now I don't know about the turbulence side of things and I'm a little skeptical on that because there is a lot of real estate in the back there more than I've ever seen on an aero bike before but the drop seat stays definitely do their job in terms of improving comfort in the rear of the windspace. The second design aspect that I wanted to share with you is the frog leg muscle chainstay which according to windspace let the cyclist whether it is high speed bending or high power sprint can be stable and rigid. Now windspace should probably look at rewording that one but the reason why I drill into it is because it's quite an unusual feature. I have never seen chainstays flare out quite like this before and while I'm no expert in physics I'm not bad with logic and having tube shapes that don't seem to enable the wind to run its natural flow seems counter-intuitive to aerodynamics 101. I could be wrong but those two design characteristics lead us into the final part of this video which is my riding experience. But can I just say up front this bike is well made. After the inspection at carbon steed and after riding it for a couple of months there are no questions in my mind when taking this bike down a fast descent 80 to 90 kilometres per hour plus. But there was something that Gary McDonald said to me from carbon steed after the inspection that stood out to me. Yeah, absolute. I'd be interested to hear what you got to say once you build it and ride it, how it compares because that's the proof, you know it can be built as well as anything but if the actual design and all that of the frame is crap well it's still, it's no good is it? And when I started to consider what Gary had said and the research that I'd already done and was doing at the time putting into consideration the fact that this is Winspace's first generation aero bike that came out in 2017 from watching videos on the factory tour of Winspace they appear to have maybe one or two product engineers I started to ponder can this bike compete with second or third generation aero bikes from mainstream brands that most likely have in the vicinity of 15 to 20 product engineers that are getting feedback from pro tour teams and potentially have their own wind tunnel testing facilities and so forth. It's a stretch and in my humble opinion after doing this independent bike review thing on YouTube for the past three years I do feel like some people neglect the amount of engineering that goes into these machines yes they're made in China most of them anyway but they're not all created equally. So if I was to sum up my riding experiences in one word with the Winspace T1500 I would call it heavy while 8.1 kilograms isn't a super heavy bike I feel like this bike just feels heavy most of the time obviously going up hills but also on the flats whether that be a false flat decline false flat incline or even if it's just a flat sealed road. Now yes the Merida Reacto top of the range with Ultegra would be close in terms of weight although to be fair that weight you can see there the parts are a little heavier than what's on the Winspace but the weight would be close however with that Merida third generation aero bike the way it's designed the carbon layup the aerodynamic benefits that you get with it it doesn't feel heavy until you hit a steep incline. Now whether it's aerodynamic design flaws that don't enable the Winspace to best manage the weight of the bike I'm not exactly sure but it feels that way from a first impressions perspective and with top of the range aero bikes too when rolling turns in a bunch you often get this slingshot feeling when you roll out of the draft and do your turn then when you do your turn you feel like you can maintain that top end speed for a bit longer but I don't get that same sensation with the Winspace yes it's got some speed to it and it feels like an aero bike but it's not the same sensations that you get with the top of the range aero mainstream bikes and these times up a local hill climb Gindia Drive which is a three and a half minute segment validates my thoughts you can see the Winspace is quite a fair bit slower than the Cannondales I also tested up this same climb interestingly without the Winspace hyper wheels on you can see my time improved by five seconds with the Zip course 30 alloy wheels now I haven't performed any comparisons to the Cannondales on the flats because when I tested the Cannondales on the flats I was wind compromised that day and it just wouldn't be fair however I feel with the Gindia Drive segment it's a great testing ground as it's mostly sheltered from any wind that may be present and it isn't that steep so aerodynamics should still come into play as they did with the system six now I don't want to get into a wheel review here but I changed these hyper wheels out for the Zip course alloy wheels because some creaking developed in the back end of the bike and I did try some grease didn't work so well put some tape in it was pretty much gone the creaking but still a little bit there so I swapped them out completely and put these wheels on and the creaking disappeared 100% and I must say the Winspace bike overall improved by about five to 10% with these alloy Zip wheels rolling resistance stiffness handling everything which I found surprising so if Winspace could improve either the weight of the frame or I believe what may be some aerodynamic inefficiencies then I feel like we could have a top shelf aero race bike here because outside of the heavy riding feeling I get the Winspace manages comfort well it's super stiff without being overly aggressive which I like and the handling is top shelf descending cornering out of the saddle was all very good so that is my first impressions on the Winspace and how it compares to top of the range mainstream aero bikes but I'm now super interested even for my own learning which I'm going to share with you how it compares to bikes that are more in the same price bracket in particular the Merida 6000 because that is a pretty affordable bike so stay tuned for that and as I said if you've gotten value out of this video today don't forget to give it a like and I'll catch you in the next one