This joint assembly is convened pursuant to the provisions of JRS 29, which the Secretary will now read, JRS 29. Joint resolution to provide for a joint assembly to receive the state of the state message from the governor. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives that the two houses meet in joint assembly on Thursday, January 9, 2020, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon to receive the state of the state message from the governor. Chair, I would now like to recognize the Senator from Chittenden District for the purpose of making a motion. Senator Ash. Thank you, Mr. President. I move that a committee of six be appointed by the chair to wait upon his excellence lead the governor and escort him into the chamber for the purpose of receiving his state of the state address. Now, the Senator from Chittenden District has moved that a committee of six be appointed by the chair to wait upon his excellency, the governor, and escort him into this chamber for the purpose of receiving his state of the state message. Are you ready for the question? If so, all those in favor, please signify by saying aye. All those opposed, signify by saying no. The ayes have it and the motion is carried. The chair will appoint the member from Woodstock, Representative Kimball. The member from Newark, Representative Lefebvre. The member from London Dairy, Representative Payela. The Senator from Wyndham District, Senator Ballant. Senator from Caledonia District, Senator Benning. And the Senator from Grand Isle District, Senator Mazza. Will the committee please assemble and perform the duties assigned to it? And the joint assembly may be at ease. Welcome to VPR's legislative stream from the Vermont State House. I'm Bob Kinsel. Audio from the Vermont House is available when the House is in session. When there's no activity in the chamber, the stream is silent. Thank you for listening to VPR and find more news about the Vermont legislature at vpr.net. Mr. President, Mr. President. Madam Sergeant Arms. Mr. President, the Governor of the State of the Vermont, Philip B. Scott. Thank you again Madam Speaker for the switch I keep forgetting. It is now my distinct honor to present to you the Governor of the State of Vermont, the Honorable Philip B. Scott. Mr. President, Madam Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, members of the General Assembly, honored guests, and fellow Vermonters. Today I welcome the opening of the legislative session with the same optimism I had as a freshman senator from Washington County nearly two decades ago. I come before you to report on the State of the State to reflect on the work we've done and to share a vision and priorities for our future. As elected officials it's our duty to distinguish what must be done from what we might like to do and to work together pulling in the same direction to make a difference for those we serve. We needed a time in our nation's history when too many elected officials on both sides are choosing confrontation and partisan politics over collaboration. We needed to achieve a such transition as we are unable to do so. This is my judgment, this is my judgment. We both use for regenerative radicals. We need to create global new systems. Create forces for our nation.  Okay, thank you very much. We appreciate that. We just did. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. And now it's time for you to listen to us. We got it. Listen to my speech. You're welcome to stay. If you don't want to listen to what I have to say you can be removed. The balcony and in the gallery please listen to this final offer. We have to proceed with the governor's speech. You have given your message and the governor has been graceful as has everybody here to listen. If necessary I'll have to declare a recess and I will ask the sergeant arms and our police forces to remove you. The general assembly will now be in recess till the fall of the gavel. Ask the sergeant arms and the sergeant arms support to please remove these individuals from the chamber in order to hear the governor's remarks. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. Governor needs to address the public health emergency. It's a worldwide emergency. We can see the consequences and the symptoms of not dealing with this emergency. Why are they? I wasn't doing anything but standing here. Chamber will please come to order. Chamber will please come to order. We will resume. Governor Scott. Thank you. And thank you for your patience. I'll try not to repeat anything you might have just heard. We meet at a time in our nation's history when too many elected officials on both sides are choosing confrontation and partisan politics over collaboration and progress. Polarization, the us versus them, is our nation's greatest threat, is weakening our country in the very foundation in which it was built. That's why in state houses and town halls across America, it's up to us to show that people from different backgrounds with different points of view as we just saw can unite around our core values and our common humanity. It's up to us to prove that listening and learning from each other is far more constructive. And it's up to us to seek consensus where it can be found and compromise where it cannot. Now, we all know there will be times when we have to agree to disagree. And that's okay. But when it happens, let's assume the best of each other and turn our energy to the areas where a path forward remains. This, my fellow Vermonters, is how we rise above the partisanship, how we reject polarization, how we work towards something bigger than ourselves, and how we, all of us in this room, can best lead our nation forward. I have enormous faith in our ability to achieve meaningful results, and my administration is ready to work with each of you in order to do so. Unfortunately, time is not on our side, because while good things are happening and progress is being made, too many of our counties, communities, and families remain at a critical crossroad. The fact is, where we are as a state and where we go from here is in the hands of every Vermonter. It's in the weathered hands of the dairy farmer and construction worker and the reassuring hands of the first responder and emergency room nurse. It's in the determined hands of our entrepreneurs and the persistent hands of our teachers, coaches, and mentors. It's in the compassionate hands of family and friends and the helping hands of our neighbors. The state of the state, our values and identity, are guided by, but have never been defined by what happens in this building. It's the people of Vermont doing all they can to lift each other up who will shape our future. They define who we are and all we can be. World-class innovators like Dr. Marjorie Meyer at UVM Medical Center, who is a leader in the treatment of women with opioid dependence during pregnancy. Entrepreneurs like Kyle Clark, whose company Beta Technologies is building electric aircraft, which will lead to a significant reduction in global carbon emissions, are the volunteer firefighters in Ludlow, who spent their Thanksgiving Day cooking dinner for a mother and her three children, whose stove caught fire that morning. And Gloria Powers from Glover, who provided a home for nearly 400 foster children over 25 years, and at age 72 is still giving back volunteering at the local senior center. And young Justin Sears from Colchester, who wanted to do something nice for the kids at his school this holiday season and raise over $1,000 to buy his classmates lunch. Then there's Cecilia Hunt from Fairhaven, who for nearly 40 years donated so much for time to everything from blood drives to food banks and town committees. She's made such an impact that her community reached out to let me know how much she means to them. And by the way, when my staff called her to invite her here, she wouldn't accept credit for 40 years. She said, it's only been 36. Friends, Cecilia and Dr. Meyer, Gloria and Justin, and members of the Ludlow Fire Department and Beta Technologies are here with us today. Please stand and be recognized. These people and thousands more, those we hear about and those we don't, remind us that we are all part of something bigger. And that it's in our pursuit of purpose and in service to others that we find the best of ourselves, our communities, our state and our nation. So, even as we face major challenges, these Vermonters show that in the hands of our people, doing all they can every day, the state of the state is strong. Inside this building, our job as public servants is to do all we can to ease their burden and build on their strength by setting clear priorities and turning good ideas into results. And here's my biggest concern. Today in Vermont, there are about 55,000 fewer people under the age of 45 and 44,000 more over the age of 65 than there were in the year 2000. For years we had more deaths and bursts. They've seen more people move out of Vermont than in. And the impact is not the same in every community. We have to acknowledge the real and growing economic disparity from region to region. Think about this. Of the five towns that have seen the most growth in recent years, four of them are in Chittenden County. And in the past 12 years, only three counties have added workers. The other 11 have lost a total of about 18,000. That's more than the population of nearly every town or city in Vermont. Of the 180 legislators in this room, 106 of you come from counties that have lost workers. And that's not the only area where we see disparity. From county to county, there's a huge gap between home values, household income, average wage, and so much more. Because of this, across the state, we're feeling the negative impacts in everything, from our homes, schools, and colleges, to our hospitals and nursing homes. If we don't break this cycle, our institutions, including state and local government, won't be able to afford what they currently do or what they would like to do in the future as costs will continue to rise much faster than our tax base can sustain. My friends, this is what a demographic crisis looks like. In too many places, and in lives of too many Vermonters, I see and feel the emotional and financial toll of policies built for a few areas in the state that can afford them when the rest of the state cannot. Businesses, families, entire communities doing their absolute best to maintain budgets and meet their needs with fewer options, fewer people, and higher costs than they had last year, in the year before that, in the year before that. Sustainable economic growth has become too hard and too rare in too many areas. It's hurting people. It's regressive. It's creating regional inequity. It's by far the biggest and most immediate challenge to our state and the ability of government to help shape the future. We must act now to give the people of Newport and St. Johnsburg, Hartford and Springfield, Brattleboro, Bennington, Rutland, Randolph, and every other regional economic center and the towns around them the tools they need to survive, to grow and thrive with the self-determination and dignity they each deserve if we're willing to focus on doing the work, on caring more about the details than we do the talking points. If we can build consensus and trust and avoid national political agendas deliberately designed to divide us, if we focus on the fundamentals of better, more modern government, a stronger fiscal foundation, and policy that's truly equitable, then our businesses and economy will grow, putting more kids in our schools and broadening our tax base, making our communities stronger and more resilient than ever before. That's why I had an open mind when Senator Sorokin and the Senate Economic Development Committee had an idea that's paid off. They said remote workers can work from anywhere, so let's give them an incentive to work and live here in Vermont. Since then, we've received worldwide attention, more than $7 million in free advertising, thousands of inquiries, and relocated 371 people to more than 68 communities across 13 counties. Now, we've received a share of criticism as well. Folks who said, you know, I've been living here and dealing with high cost my entire life. Where's my check? I get it. They're absolutely right. We urgently need to make Vermont more affordable for everyone across the state, but this program does help them because bringing more people here reduces the tax burden on the rest of us. Here are the facts. For a one-time investment of $500,000, based on Vermont's average household income of about $75,000, we project a return on this investment of over $1 million of tax revenue each year. And this is a conservative projection because it doesn't account for the higher-than-average income of these new Vermonters and the added benefit that comes along with more people buying goods and services from local businesses. We know this isn't the only answer, but this program is a small step towards growing our way out of the demographic crisis facing our state and the affordability crisis facing our families. And this isn't all we're doing. At the same time, we're strengthening training, internship, and apprenticeship programs for Vermonters. We established a first-in-the-nation approach to make it easier for veterans to transition to civilian careers, and we're helping those in recovery or with other barriers to employment find and keep good jobs. This year, in partnership with Secretary Gondos, let's further reduce hurdles and costs for licensed professionals so we can bring more of them into the workforce. And my budget will include additional investments in training with an emphasis on the trades and more incentives for young adults and working-age families to stay or move here. It's also important for all of us to remember over the last three years we've taken steps to help Vermonters keep more of what they earn. This includes removing the tax on Social Security for low- and modern-income Vermonters, lowering income tax rates across the board, significantly reducing the land gains tax, bringing the estate tax more in line with our neighbors and more. But this is not enough. Overall, tax and fee burden is still growing far too fast, especially property taxes. And you can expect additional targeted tax relief in my budget. Because ultimately, we need to help people in all parts of the state move up the economic ladder. And the best way to do this is to level the economic playing field and make Vermont more affordable for all families and every business. We've also expanded our view of education because building the best education system in the nation is one of the greatest economic development tools we could ask for. Rather than just thinking K through 12, we broaden our focus from cradle to career. Together, we've increased state funding for childcare by about $10 million and invested $5 million more in higher ed. And we've added nearly $1.5 million for career and trade training. But here, too, we must move more quickly. The disparity from school to school and district to district is a growing problem. It's unfair to taxpayers and fundamentally unfair to our kids for their educational opportunities to be determined by where they live. We need to be honest, costs are rising, yet opportunities for too many kids are declining in too many parts of the state. And so is student performance in areas like reading and math. Reversing this trend has been the driving force behind each of my education proposals. And this year, my budget will once again increase investment in the cradle to career continuum. We'll also support the work of the Agency of Education to improve performance. And if you're ready, I'm still willing to have a discussion on how to direct more of our current spending to our kids instead of letting it be consumed by the growing inefficiency of an outdated system. In addition, I propose to you today that we begin creating a universal afterschool network that ensures every child has access to enrichment opportunities outside of current classroom time and to align the students' day with the length of the work day. A few thoughts on this. First, it's based on a successful model from Iceland. Focus on preventing drug use as well as improving academic and social outcomes. And the evidence is clear. Kids who participate in afterschool activities and programs do better in school and in life than kids who don't. Second, a universal program expands choices for every kid. It doesn't limit them. And it would be voluntary. Those who currently go home to their families or participate in drama, music, sports, debate or older kids who choose to work could all continue to do so. Third, it supports working parents by reducing the logistical and financial burden of afterschool care. Finally, we're not recreating the wheel, but we are creating more equity. Many schools already have afterschool options through organizations like the YMCA and others, but it's far from universal. There are a lot of details to consider on an issue like this, and I fully recognize that as we put the many challenges of Act 46 behind us, one size will not fit all. That's why I've asked Education Committee chairs, Representative Webb and Senator Bruce to give this idea some genuine consideration. It's my hope we can deliver this plan by the end of the year that puts us on a path toward universal afterschool programs without raising property tax rates. We also have a continued need for more housing working Vermonters can afford. In 2017, you joined me in passing a $37 million housing bond, which is leveraging another $170 million in other funding, making it the single largest investment in workforce housing the state has ever seen. Since then, nearly 400 homes have been completed. Another $175 are being built, and about 200 will be underway soon. With almost 800 units, we've far exceeded our expectations, and it's already generated 158 million in construction activity with more to come. And it's not just the housing bond, because alongside additional initiatives, more than 2,000 residential building permits were issued in 2018, the most in over a decade. But because of the economic imbalance from region to region, I still hear about the difficulty of finding an affordable place to live. That's why my budget will include a package to revitalize existing homes and build more of them, targeted to the places that need it most. This is an area where we found common ground, and I look forward to working with you on these proposals, as well as your ideas. I also appreciate the sense of urgency, Speaker Johnson and others have placed on modernizing Act 250, which is necessary to build on this progress. The balanced approach we're working on would enable concentrated development where people want to live and work. And when paired with my proposed investments in housing and economic development, we'll support more vibrant, walkable, and livable downtowns and villages, which as the Speaker has said, supports economic growth as a critical piece of our work to combat climate change. For these reasons, I'm optimistic that important updates to Act 250 to better meet the needs of Vermonters can be made this session. We know about half of the emissions that contribute to climate change come from transportation. That's why we've also worked together to make it more affordable to purchase electric vehicles. This is something I'm really excited about. As you may have heard, I'm a bit of a car guy. In fact, I'm probably the only governor who has a CDL and an inspection license. So when I see Ford coming out with a 450-horsepower electric Mustang, seriously, which will do zero to 60 in about 3.3 seconds with zero emissions, followed by an electric F-150 and Jeep building a hybrid Wrangler and Amazon's plans to purchase 100,000 electric vans and then you see Harley-Davidson offering a line of electric motorcycles called Livewire. When you see all this, it's clear this transition is happening right before our eyes. We're on the verge of big advances in terms of technology, as well as competition. We need to be part of it to benefit our environment and our economy. And I'm pleased to report that we're making progress. In addition to the privately funded charging stations being installed across the state, we've invested over $1 million in charging equipment. And with investments through the Volkswagen settlement, we expect to nearly triple the number of state-funded charging stations by the end of 2020. And to make EVs even more affordable for low and modern income for monitors, we've provided $1 million in purchasing incentives. Utilities, auto dealers, many employers, municipalities, and individuals have all stepped up alongside state government. As a result, we've seen a 160% increase in the number of EVs on our roads since 2016. But we know this is not enough. So we're not stopping here. As part of the all-fuels efficiency conversation before the Public Utilities Commission, we're asking that a portion of energy efficiency charges be directed to transportation electrification. We're also using VW settlement funds and federal grants to purchase more electric school and public transit buses. As we look even further ahead, I strongly believe it's incentives, not penalties, to help us transition more quickly. I hear from Vermonters across the state like those traveling long distances for work out of necessity. Not choice. And others, like our seniors living on fixed incomes who struggle to fill their gas tanks and heat their homes. I simply cannot support proposals that will make things more expensive for them. Instead, a budget will propose more incentives and a greater focus on affordable clean energy as well as expanding our battery and renewable energy storage sectors and the jobs they can create. And I'll propose giving small co-ops and municipal utilities more flexibility in order to innovate. From clean energy to our 20-year $1 billion commitment to clean water, we've shown protecting our environment can be done in ways that also strengthen the economy without making Vermont less affordable for families and businesses out. We're also strengthening the health and safety of our communities. We took significant steps over the last year to protect kids, passing legislation to address the vaping epidemic and to ensure drinking water at every school and childcare center will be tested for lead and this work will continue. Beyond our schools, many of you, alongside the Agency of Human Services have worked diligently to improve our mental health system. This includes adding inpatient capacity which is critical to getting people the care they need when they need it. The budget I'll submit will expand this work and focus on prevention, early intervention Now, I know we're all concerned about the Brattleboro retreat. This private institution has been around for nearly 200 years. It employs about 700 people making it one of the region's most important employers since Vermont Yankee was closed but age and size don't make it immune to the same demographic challenges others around the state are facing and just like the rest of us it too needs to adapt. This healthcare provider is simply too critical for us to let fail especially with no alternative.  We all have a stake here. Just last year we invested 4.5 million out of the capital bill. That combined with rate increases totaling an additional 16 million. And that's on top of tens of millions in Medicaid funding. That's why I've directed my administration to work with you to do everything we can responsibly do to help the retreat just as we're doing everything we can to help Springfield Hospital as well. I'll also propose a package of criminal justice reforms that we've shared with members and communities of jurisdiction. We'll look at little things that make a big difference like waiving license reinstatement fees for suspended drivers and better supporting inmates transitioning to the workforce and it will also include some bigger changes like tough mandatory minimums for human trafficking and a provision to address the loophole that has allowed violent mentally ill offenders to go free. As we continue to create a more effective criminal justice system we must remember that justice for victims and accountability for criminals must be top priorities. I'm grateful for this opportunity to address our biggest challenges. A report on some of our progress and outline a few of my proposals is always much more happening than can be covered in one speech or even two. I look forward to all of our discussions in the days and weeks ahead. Over the next few months the way we go about our work will not only determine the results we're able to deliver but also the strength of our institutions the faith Vermonters have in us in the example we set for our kids we must acknowledge the trying times we live in the pressure from political parties and special interest groups to fall in line stay on message ways heavily on some. Honest efforts and thoughtful ideas from good people are too often mischaracterized misrepresented and belittled and all of this is intended to divide us and bully us into an us versus them mentality in this environment the solutions to serious problems in our state and in our country don't always come fast enough and to those of us who care more about progress than we do about political power that can be very frustrating even discouraging so when those moments come I think of the people who inspire me to be part of something bigger of what they've endured with courage and resolve and how they show that in the face of incredible adversity we're all capable of great things people like my dad I think of what he went through during his two years at Walter Reed and how hard he worked every day just to live as normal life as he could how much he accomplished and how much I admire him I think about the soldiers with him in France after D-Day all they went through how long and horrific those days must have been and how that generation of Americans stepped up to protect democracy for their generation and those of us who followed recently I thought a lot about Travis Roy who I heard speak last month his talent was recognized at a young age hockey was his life and he was destined for the NHL 24 years ago he played exactly 11 seconds for Boston University before going head first into the boards and then instantly found himself unable to move from the neck down Travis has spent every moment since ensuring those 11 seconds to find an opportunity on a tragedy as a result he's changed the way his sport is taught through his efforts at places like Little Fenway and Essex he's raised millions for spinal cord research and adaptive equipment he shared his story and found his purpose in helping others find theirs Travis says there are times when we choose our challenges there are times when our challenges simply choose us it's what we do in the face of those challenges that define who we are Don and Greg Tatro from the Royal County didn't choose their challenges this past year when they lost their daughter Jenna to a fatal overdose she was only 26 but through their tremendous loss and the haze of unthinkable grief they get up every day to help others overcome this deadly disease they are leaving a multi-county effort through their organization Jenna's Promise they've created Jenna's House a community hub for treatment they've purchased a cafe to employ those in recovery they're providing financial assistance for housing, transportation and so much more they've found purpose from loss to help others to heal friends the Tatro family is here with us today and World War II veterans from my dad's post in our hometown of Barry Dr. Joe Aja Robert Campo and George Sherlock as well as Vermont World War II POWs Clyde Cassidy Richard Hamilton please join me in recognizing and thanking them they're much bigger than politics there's no challenge we cannot overcome when I think of these people and others like them I'm just as motivated just as eager to solve problems and help people as that hopeful freshman senator from Washington County all those years back so today inspired by those we serve and humble by the responsibilities they've given us we can begin the work of the 2020 legislative session our challenges are clear can we work together can we be guided by our shared principles and common values can we reclaim the middle where partisanship can't survive where we strive for consensus and celebrate compromise I fellow Vermonters the answer to these questions and the solutions we seek the course we hope to set and the change we need to make is in our hands if our sense of service and duty is strong if our commitment to our neighbors is unwavering and if we remember that we are all part of something bigger than ourselves then the state of the state our future our future and our people will be stronger than ever before thank you committee please reassemble and escort the governor from the chamber I'm Bob Kinzel


One of the major purposes of the law is to develop a general purpose platform for studying how people behave online, how they interact, and how different kinds of interventions, legal, institutional, organizational, and technical, affect how they behave and how they can structure their relations well. The law is changing so rapidly and so much is being transacted over the net. At the same time, our legal institutions are having a great deal of difficulty keeping up with the changes around them, they're being under budgeted, they're being stressed. What can we do in the digital world that we can use to support law, to supplant law, to be law? With the law lab, we've really undertaken the commitment to investigate the underpinnings of laws and institutions, particularly as an institution that supports innovation. What we're trying to do is provide better evidence for how we should design law and how we should design systems more generally to fit the kind of people we really are. Banking is one area that is ripe for the digital revolution. The world of finance is ripe for this kind of innovation. If a group of people wanting to collaborate on a software project are scattered around the world, in the old days, this made it very difficult for them to come together as equity owners. The virtual corporation will allow them to have all of the traditional protections of a business organization brought into the digital format so they can do it entirely by the web. People are coming together to collaborate in decentralized networks. One of the amazing things about life on the net is that the life and the behavior are also the transcript. Everything is occurring in a way that is susceptible to analysis. We're now in the middle of looking at hundreds down to the low thousands of collaborative sites and trying to extract from that an understanding of what makes them work and what makes them fail. And typically when you have complex problems, say like the financial services collapse, you have to get information across many kinds of disciplines, not just the form of classic finance, but also as a computer science problem, also a problem of complexity of science. There are different kinds of insights that come in and form the solution. Changes are made possible because of the technology, but they're not made inevitably good because of the technology. In other words, you can architect networks so that they don't easily fail. You can architect them that can be self-healing. You can architect them so that they can be wholly transparent. Part of what our undertaking to be is to create a platform, a cloud platform that allows people to get together in a focused way, to have conversations towards solving problems. And part of our role in being involved in this design is to make sure that we do it intelligently and well and that we work with good partners as we do. The law lab idea is how to structure it is not just all be a single institute. It's really to be a network of partners who have different kind of competencies. When you open up information flows, you increase the rate of learning and innovation dramatically. What we're doing is trying to build on the experience of open collaborative innovation online to build a non-siloed open network research platform for any social scientist interested in the network. Beginning to collect large-scale data on these phenomena and then to convert these into insights about how we can get up tomorrow morning and design a new system is to my mind the most exciting thing that we can do.


In fact, if you go further, you can also have something called electron affinity and before you do that, let me first write down again epsilon i. So, please note how to write epsilon i.  Note that whenever I am calling orbital energy, I have always a reference to canonical Hartree-Forcky question. So, that part is clear. So, if I just take the matrix element or expectation value of f with chi i, it is trivial to show that this is called the orbital energy. And you can actually write down. You have the matrix element, you have the Fock operator. So, you can write down this. So, can you write this down? It will become chi i h chi i. So, this will help you now to clean up the home assignment very easily after this. Once I am able to write down chi i h chi i plus sum over j chi i chi j, anti-symmetrize chi i chi j. I hope all of you can show this as well. I will not write anything more because this will be a part of the assignment actually. When you get epsilon j, you should be able to write this because you have the coulomb and the exchange operator. I have combined both coulomb and exchange operator as a chi i chi j. Remember, the sum is only over j, not over i. I have already repeated because we are talking of a specific epsilon i. And if you also note, our E Hartree-Fock had a sum over all i chi i h chi i plus sum over i here, but it had a factor half. That is the difference in the Hartree-Fock energy that you have a factor half, which all means that the E Hartree-Fock cannot be sum of the orbital energy. I have discussed this before also, but let me again repeat it because if I take sum of the orbital energies, this sum will come here. Here also, sum will come but without the factor half. So, I have already repeated that if you take sum of the orbital energies, what is happening is that the interaction between the electrons are double counted. So, once you are counting, let us say you have a 2 electron, you are taking epsilon 1 plus epsilon 2. When I take epsilon 1, I take the interaction of 2 and 1. When I take epsilon 2, I take again interaction of 1 and 2, but between 1 and 2, there is only one interaction as far as total energy is concerned. So, that is why this factor half is coming here to prevent double counting and that is the reason the orbital energy sum is not Hartree-Fock energy. Again, repeating, many people have this problem. They get homo, lumo, everything, they just count as a total energy. Hartree-Fock energy is not sum of the orbital energies and that is very important to realize. In fact, you can very easily show what it is. It is actually sum of the orbital energies minus something. So, if I have n electron, minus half of sum over ij kai i kai j. That is trivial to show because if I take all the sum of the orbital energies, the half factor will go. So, I have to subtract half of these to get half of this. So, these are trivial mathematics. To show this, you can keep playing around either way. So, this is the part which is double counted. So, this is a single pair energy. A single interaction between i and j has a half factor. When I take sum of the epsilon i, the half factor goes because you are counting it twice, i on j, j on i. So, this is actually a double counting term which is to be subtracted. So, and you can see from the mathematics that if I do epsilon i, I plus 1 here, subtract this minus half of this, you get plus half of this. Is it okay? I think with this background, you should be able to do this quite easily. Remember, you have to use letter rule to write down en minus 1 kupmans. That is something I am not going to do. That is the only part that is missing. And when you do letter rule, remember the spin orbitals are same. So, same chi 1, chi 2, except the chi j would not be there. So, when you do these summations, summation will be only over n minus 1 spin orbitals barring chi j. Otherwise, the letter rule is same. And you should be able to then subtract and show this. This is only a simple arithmetic. At the end, it will be simple arithmetic. Remember the formula of epsilon i, that is very important. So, it says that it is one electron, it is one electron potential plus the sum over j shows that all interaction due to other spin orbitals, coulomb and exchange, due on i. So, that is why there is no summation over i, only summation over j. Having done this much, let me now get back to the canonical Hartree-Fogging question and note a very important point that this is after all an operator eigenvalue equation. Once an operator is defined, I am just calculating an eigenvalue equation. While doing the operator eigenvalue equation, of course, I am doing an SCF procedure. So, that is an iterative eigenvalue equation. I guess chi, then construct f, reconstruct chi and so on and so forth. But at the end, it is an operator eigenvalue equation. Given any operator in Hilbert space, we know how many eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are there for any operator. Yes, in an entire Hilbert space, infinity. It is an infinite dimensional problem. It is not a two dimensional problem or three dimensional problem, although I am only interested in n spin orbitals. So, for the Hartree-Fog, when I do this, I get actually several energies. Spin orbitals, I order them as en, then en plus 1, en plus 2 and so on. What I do for obvious reasons because Hartree-Fog is the minimum energy and that is very easy to show that you actually like to take only this part. Now, it may also happen that energy is not some of the orbital energies. So, you may argue why not this becomes lower than this. In some sense, this becomes the Hartree-Fog, then we reorder. So, that is a little complicated thing. I will not go into that. But for a very standard cases, if the energies are ordered like this, the Hartree-Fog determinant also includes the lowest n energies. But in the process of this solution, I also get this because it has infinite eigenfunctions and eigenvectors, eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. So, what are the meaning of this? So, what do I do with these spin orbitals which are beyond n whose energies are higher than n which I am not going to use obviously in Hartree-Fog. So, what do I do with those? These spin orbitals from n plus 1 are called unoccupied orbitals. So, they will have a very important part in quantum chemistry particularly when I come to the electron coordination. So, they will play a very significant role and note that together all these orbitals form a complete set of spin orbitals not just n. So, if I have chi 1, chi 2, chi n, chi n plus 1 which are whose energies are ordered like this, these together form a complete set. Don't forget this. Just the n will not form a complete set although I required only n because obviously later on I may require a complete set of expansion. So, I am just mentioning that all the eigenfunctions of a Hermitian operator form a complete set and of course f is a Hermitian operator which we have already shown. So, this together will form a complete set which will actually include what I now call unoccupied orbitals. So, this is the first time you are defining what is called unoccupied orbitals. So, through the canonical Hartree-Fock equation we have many, many orbitals and in principle their number is infinity. N of them will be used in Hartree-Fock. Of course, the rest of them will all be called unoccupied orbitals. Usually they will be higher orbital energy than the Hartree-Fock orbital energy. Hartree-Fock is a ground state. So, that is the lowest energy. So, usually this will be all higher energies. The lowest of these are what is called LUMO. The highest of these is what is called HOMO. Those who are already used to HOMO and LUMO will now appreciate that among the unoccupied orbitals this is the lowest because I have ordered accordingly. Among the occupied orbitals this is the highest. So, this is called the HOMO. This is called the LUMO and they have a very, very interesting chemistry to play because the energy difference can be very small, can be large and depending on that lots of interesting chemistry takes place. You already know that. So, the unoccupied orbitals have a very important role in quantum chemistry of electron correlation but even more important even before that we will see that they have a role even within the Hartree-Fock and what is that role that we will see. Now, what happens if these two become degenerate? Of course, those are the questions. Then there will be a lot of problems. That is basically the multi-reference problems and so on. We will see that later. Yes, we never find but in principle there. We will see how do you know which are the lowest energies. After you get the energies just find out which is lowest. That is important. I can find out for any operator Eigenvalue equation even a finite them. Not all. I can still order them. As long as they are greater than them, they will be unoccupied orbitals. As long as the number that I find out is greater than capital N, then I can order them and find out some of them unoccupied orbitals. So, if you are asking how do you solve these? Yes, there is a way to solve all these spin orbitals. In fact, numerically one can solve for atoms very easily. No, no. What I am trying to say, then numerically you can solve all the spin orbitals. What you are essentially saying is that maybe the lowest spin orbital is missing. Is that what I am saying? No. Numerically there is a procedure of finding the lowest energy, the second lowest energy. So, that is the Eigenvalue equation. And for molecule, of course, we use what is called the basic set. So, we got a matrix Eigenvalue equation in which we exactly will know how to again get the lowest energy. So, there is a way to find out. So, right now let us not bother how do you find out. Let us assume that we have the energies which you can order. And these are the final energies, whatever energies you have got, we can order them and then we can call these unoccupied orbitals and we can call these occupied orbitals. So, there are two subset of orbitals we are defining. One is called occupied orbitals. What is the number of occupied spin orbitals? Always n. Number of unoccupied orbitals will be very large in principle up to infinity, depending on how many you can find out. So, there will be a lot of approximate ways to find out, but in principle they will be very very large and in principle they will be infinity in number. But this number is always capital N. So, and this then we can now relate an important theorem again by Koopman's for electron affinity. Before I tell electron affinity can somebody tell me how to define electron affinity? What is the definition of electron affinity? Of course, you can tell energy that is gained if in a system I have an electron etcetera etcetera, but can you tell me in terms of n electron energy and n plus 1 electron energy? What is it? Just like a road for Ip. No, do not worry about Hartree-Fock. It can be any approximate. Just write En. So, what is the electron affinity? En, En minus En plus 1. Is it everybody agrees with this? If n plus 1 electron energy is less than n electron, then it is stable system and then we say that the electron affinity is positive. So, positive electron affinity means n plus 1 electron energy is actually lower than n electron energy. That can happen many times. Normally, you may think that it is higher energy. So, how it will become negative? But it can become lower because this energy made orbital energy may become negative. So, when I put an additional electron here, the energy may actually go down and it happens many times. In fact, that is what is exactly told in the Koopman's. So, this is electron affinity. So, the Koopman's approximation says that if I now exactly do the reverse of what I said here, if I put an additional electron in this system, that means I generate a n plus 1 electron thing. So, first Koopman is saying let me generate a n plus 1 electron wave function such that I have all chi 1, chi 2 to chi n and then I add an additional n chi n plus 1 or let us say chi r, where r is outside. So, r is in the n plus 1, n plus 2 set. So, one of them, r is in the set of n plus 1, n plus 2 to infinity. So, I add an electron, I add a spin orbital rather which means now I am defining an n plus 1 electron determinant. Of course, this chi r can be anywhere. It does not matter. That is not important because they are all anti-symmetrized. Then, Koopman says that the electron affinity in Koopman's approximation can now be called as minus epsilon r. Just like I said minus epsilon j, the electron affinity will be minus epsilon r. So, again it is very interesting. What I said, if this energy is negative, what is minus epsilon r? That is positive. So, electron affinity is positive. So, in a very simple way you already know this. If a Lumeau is a negative, then you know that one can put an extra electron. Electron affinity becomes positive and that is exactly what is seen in this Koopman's approximation by saying minus epsilon j or epsilon r. So, again the proof goes exactly in the same manner. If you can do that home assignment, it is exactly identical except that here there one missing here one addition. So, when you do the summation, you have to remember that you have to add an extra chi r or chi n plus 1 whatever you can take Lumeau chi n plus 1. Again this works very well. It works well if r is a Lumeau. I hope you understand what I mean now. That means r is n plus 1 just the next one. If you put it at a very high energy it does not work so well that is 1. The second is that you have two Koopman's approximation. One for IP, one for electron affinity. So, Koopman's IP is better than Koopman's A. Between these two approximation IP works better than electron affinity. If you compare with experiment, experiment actually final result. So, electron affinity does not work so well. Remember first of all there are lots of approximation that Hartree-Fock itself is approximation. Koopman's is a further approximation. So, the two levels of approximation were using and we are saying when I compare with experiment that is exact to exact. In that case IP works better than the electron affinity and I will show you by simple bar diagram why it happens. One why electron affinity gets actually worse. So, I can also define electron affinity Hartree-Fock by the same way as defining En Hartree-Fock or Scf minus En plus 1 Hartree-Fock. In which case of course everything will change. So, it will no longer be Koopman's approximation. All these spin orbitals will change if I do Hartree-Fock. So, that is a completely different ball game. Are the statements clear? The most important part of the statement is of course let us say for IP is not this. This is an algebra. The most important part of the statement is something which is not said, which has not been discussed. Many times unstated things are more important than stated things. I hope you know that. Those who know literature will appreciate what I am saying that the unstated things are all. What is unstated? That is this is an approximation which Koopman's said works very well in the first order and we are not discussing that. If I assume this, the rest is algebra. What you are going to do? Home assignment is an algebra. Koopman's this cannot be such a celebrated theorem. It is just application of later rules and doing plus minus. Anybody can do that. The original Koopman's theorem was to show that this n minus 1 spin orbitals or for electron affinity, the n spin orbitals can be assumed to be the same to the first order. So, you are not making an energy second order. Actually, wave function first order, energy second order. That is another issue that the perturbation you know that energy always goes one order higher. We will show this. So, this is something that was important part of the Koopman's approximation, which is always omitted in all textbooks. In fact, in the textbooks, they never discussed this that why the Koopman's. So, Koopman's actually used a variation method to show that if you do this, you are only making an error beyond first order. Of course, this is an error. This is an approximation, but the error is only beyond first order and that was the main content of the Koopman's approximation. The rest is history because if it is so, it is going to be so. What is so great about that? This is only an application of Slater. Koopman's cannot get credit out of this. So, this was a real Koopman's approximation of application of variation method and analyzing the error bar. That is the most important thing. Taliya Koopman, 1931, he did this approximation and the story about Koopman's that I have told in many classes that eventually applied the same variation method in economics. Economics has a lot of variation as you know, market, stock market, etc. And 1935, he got economics Nobel Prize. Actually, applying the Koopman's did not get a Nobel Prize in chemistry. In fact, he found that quantum chemistry is too crowded. There are a lot of big people. So, this was not big enough to get Nobel Prize. But he applied his knowledge and that is very important, domain knowledge into a field of economics. How does stock market vary? The same variation method remembers stock market. Euler variation, all that he applied and then he showed that to second order how much will be a loss if you invest. Always remember this, that you can do a lot of things provided you know how to use your knowledge sometimes beyond your domain because the skills are same. For example, when you do matrix eigenvalue equations, lots of interesting things have been done in quantum chemistry. Most of them are done long back by engineers or by mathematicians. Matrix problem is they have been applied and lots of new things have been done, new approximations have been made in quantum chemistry. Similarly, somebody in quantum chemist goes out and applies this economics. So, Koopman's is a very interesting example and also remember the name of the Koopman's. Again, a lot of people make mistakes, I want to make. This is the name. So, when we say Koopman's approximation, the apostrophe comes after s. I want to make sure that you don't write Koopman and then apostrophe. His name is Koopman's. So, when you say Koopman's s, there is no other s. So, you just have apostrophe. So, that you know in English. So, I just thought I will correct this. Actually, the name is Koopman's. Thalia Koopman's. Thalia Koopman's and so that's it is called Koopman's approximation. So, please remember the small errors. Because many people make these errors, I thought you should not make. Okay. I will come back to this point and I will actually show why did I say that for IP it works better with a bar diagram and then we'll move forward.


Retta facing problems with training of middle-level military officers in the Russian information space The Russian military command is more often criticized for failing to recruit and train Effective middle-level military officers to lead Russian forces on the front lines in Ukraine the Institute for the study of war ISW said this in its latest report Russian ultra-nationalists are increasingly criticizing Russian military command for failing to recruit and train effective middle-level military officers to lead Russian forces on the front lines in Ukraine some Russian mill bloggers recently expressed their frustrations with middle-level military officers and accused them of introducing unnecessary bureaucratic measures mistreating wounded and deceased Russian military personnel issuing commands that lead to military losses and misinforming the Russian higher military command one Russian mill blogger claimed that a middle-level military officer ordered his unit to introduce additional bureaucratic measures following a visit from the head of the Russian air and missile defense troops likely Lieutenant-General Andrei Demin who originally advised against such bureaucratic Practices some mill bloggers claimed that anger in the Russian information space Directed at middle-level military officers should instead target the senior officials who appointed poor commanders Some mill bloggers noted that the senior military leadership is supporting a system that fails to recruit and train a new generation Of middle-level officers instead appointing old and ineffective commanders to the front lines One mill blogger noted that the Russian military command and Russian leadership in general prefer officers that are loyal rather than competent and are incapable of training new officers while another mill blogger claimed that Russia will not eliminate this detrimental culture within its military without making significant changes to the Russian military leadership


Okay, well, when we talk about logistics, we cannot separate that from security as well because we're talking preparedness of INEC. We're talking about the things that they need to do before and during elections and even after elections and security is a very integral part of it. We have joining us Mr. Augustin Ega from Ibadan. He's joining us. Augustin Ega, are you there? Can you hear us? Good morning and welcome to the program. Good morning everyone. Yeah. Okay, I know that you are eaching to go to your polling unit to vote and all that. So let's just quickly do this. How would you assess the level of preparedness security-wise for this election beginning from where you are in Ibadan? I think from what I can see, security-wise, they are very prepared. The civil defense are on top of it with the Nigerian police and we also have the military giving back up to the Nigerian police because they are the primary supervisors of the elections. And as I said, you cannot really count the numbers of police because some of them are undercover.  Of course, you know how security they work in their own wise, they won't tell you what they're doing. But I can assure you that right now, they are the first people I've been able to cite in some of the very close polling booths around me here. I know that some of them have been around there and I'm sure that the level of preparedness from the police or from the security agencies is top notch and we'll receive the best I respect from them. When we talk about security agencies is what they have done to keep us safe. What should the people know at this time because they are going out to vote, they are going out to perform their civic duties and they want also to protect their votes and everything. But how can they do this and stay safe? Well, today, like we said earlier, it's not the day for anybody to go there and campaign. There are strict rules that guide us to be and so as a citizen, as you go there, there's no time to wear this. Today is not the day to wear branded t-shirts of any political party. That's the first thing. That's the first red flag for any citizens that would try to do that and the citizen need to be aware of vote buying because I know some of them have really prepared with some backs of money to buy conscience and people to sell their conscience for money. I think those who are going there should be very, very careful.  I can see security vehicles on the street moving. That shows another level of rehearsal. The citizens that are going to vote, they should know that violence can erupt at any polling booth. I advise that where they have some gatherings that you don't understand, you should not be a part of that gathering because they will have intra and interparty clashes today. The party, my party, my party, they know themselves, even if they are not putting on their branded t-shirts, they all know themselves and they know the mission that they are there for. Of course, there will be some elements of machineries that have been hired just to create violence in those areas. They are not really there to vote, but their own is to commit criminal activity. So let everyone be aware that there are some people who will be moving with dangerous weapons. Some lightweight weapons that you probably understand, and then that's why you don't need to get involved in any open confrontation with anybody. And there should be very, very a lot that some agencies, especially the media, the civil defense, the Nigerian police and even the military, have made provision for all emergency numbers. They should not leave their homes without having this emergency number, including their family emergency numbers. And so that if there is something that relates to a media, the media need to know quickly, get the shot, get the evidence, and then forward to any of the media organizations as a backup to defend any claims that you have in any polling booth. And monitoring, if you still want to, if they still want to remain and then monitor their votes, I think they should still look for a safe place and stand and then monitor the process. It's not something that should involve argument and fighting, because if that erupts, of course, the INEC, they know what to do in such kind of polling booths and the police will be actually be there to arrest anybody that will create violence in that area. Those are the few things that I have for anyone going out today. OK.  We are just pretty excited about the deployment of security personnel, 400,000, according to Usman Baba, for these elections.  Do you think that this number can do justice to ensuring peace and order in the entire federating unit, especially where votes will be casted? Of course, the 400,000 to 87 million persons apparently who will go out to cast their votes. 30 to 35 percent vote has turned out in the last five circuits of elections. So it's very, it's very possible because it's not the Nigerian police only that is doing this. In fact, before the elections, they have had series of they call it training. Some of this training is that joint training. They call it joint operations. When it gets to this moment, there's what they call joint operations. And they set up a project called intelligence like policing. In this case, they will gather strength from other law enforcement, including DSS. DSS will never tell you how many numbers of personnel they have. And so if you are counting and looking at only the Nigerian police, I think we'll miss it. I will begin to think that they are not ready. But from that is why you see the Nigerian. We know that the Nigerian police, the primary contact in this issue, but they have all that law enforcement working hand in hand with them. So I'm sure that from what we've had in the past, we are definitely going to get results from them today. OK, I think we can let him go. I would like to reconnect with you if it is possible later on when you're voting and you're seeing what is happening security wise. As a security expert, whatever we're asking you will always be asking how the security situation is and what can be done to doubt the tension if need be so that we can also relate that to the people who are watching us right now. So thank you for the time being for being there, Mr. Augustinega. All right. Thank you, Nhamgul. I'm actually in the heart of Oyosti, which is a pardon. And I'm sure that our monitor and I'll get in touch. Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you for being a part of it. OK, right now. Almost 430 multidisciplinary between the police. You must remember that the total number of operatives in the Niger police is not even up to 400,000. So they are shaking with civil defense. They are shaking with some members of the armed forces. You could see the footage you show earlier that literally the military police were doing a kind of deterrence parade. When we were young, they used to do that as man over, you know, but it was a form of deterrence parade on a natural road in a city. Boys, these are the police operatives if you want to. So I should think and given the fact that the totality of the 80 something million PVC all that will not turn out. We must liberate democracies, even in countries where it is a mandate way. You seldom have 100 percent on now.  I probably learned that way back when if you have to research academic research and then you probably have questionnaires. So let's say you have 100 and you're going to sample them.  So you're not going to get back. So that's given. But the point is this entire force, we need to look at the facts, the way they are. We need to look at it the way it is. If we have seen, I mean, because you and I can agree that there's been a lot of tension. I mean, there were also speculation that this election will be postponed. I mean, people believe this is one of the this is one of very few liberal democracies on the face of the earth when you have everything locked down on the day of election. You should factor that in because I am here because I've been invited by media house. And I want to say invited by media house. If I was found on the street, a young boy would take me shabbily. No, most people are sitting there behind in their houses as we speak. They aren't just going out to cast their votes. No, but but but I also hope that you get where I'm coming from. I mean, it's one election that a lot of people that's been so much fear, worry as to whether this is going to do that. Whether this election was going to hold, I mean, speculation has to having and we always have to do that. And that is one of the pockets of violence that has erupted. We're not even talking about the violence prior to 2023. We're talking about the recent violence as regards the non availability of the Naira, whether the old or the new Naira. That has been an issue. Even where you are sitting was under threat some days back and but not for the swift intervention of the military. Men who came through, I'm sure there would have been a disaster. So I'm just trying to say that part of it to what some of us know as the political issue of Nigeria. This is a joke. I'm telling you, my sister, look, if you know, if you know where some of us are coming from and as students of Nigeria's political history and the national history, this is a comedy. I'm telling you comedy. And you see, but because we now live in an age where social media because we live in an age where social media as times things as sound responsible media like the organizations before people like you say something, you have layers of you have layers of of editing. Is it true? Somebody will go and do the fact check. Is it coming from a right source? Somebody will go and do the fact check on social media. People instinctively post now. And more so added to that is the is the organic danger of the echo chamber that the social media provides. That is why some of us are very circumspect when when we were talking earlier on about about somebody's about access routes to somebody's village, I said reportedly reported because for all we care, I have not sent a reporter there. I have not. I have not. So at this juncture, I just want us to be a bit positive, not so much careful, careful and circumspect in how we portray because look in Lagos, they said some people campaigned and when they left the campaign ground, one or two persons were molested in the Lagos that I grew up in. And during the Second Republic, that somebody was very cool, molested, bad enough, nobody should encourage violence. But relative to what the political history of Lagos are doing, I'm going to call it in here. OK, we just got an update from the tabloids that an SCDC vehicle carrying election materials to Lagos has crashed in Abuja in Nigerian security and civil defense core vehicle conveying election materials from Abuja to Lagos crashed yesterday on the election eve. The accident reportedly occurred at the Ghiri roundabout bridge in Abuja. The vehicle was also carrying operatives of the NSCDC to Lagos. In a video on a newspaper punch particularly, people are seen rendering help to pick up papers suspected to be electoral materials littered on the ground. Also in Ayatollah Rakh Center, the Akoka in Shumolu Local Government Area looks like voters are ready. Those are the reports that we are getting right now. But that means that there is more problem for Lagos if the material was supposed to come. I wonder the veracity of that, this thing is a bit iffy for me. And you know why? The reason is that the chairman of INEC said about four days ago that elections materials were sitting pretty in the central banks branches across the country. Indeed. It come from Abuja yesterday. Through a vehicular this thing that NSCDC operatives were supposedly with. You see, when some of us get reports like this, I didn't ask Bola about. But you know what the chairman of INEC said. Important and sensitive and non-sensitive materials were sitting in the vaults of central banks branches across the country. And that from three days ago, major news organizations like yours and others like yours were reporting. Rex, resident electoral commissions of state, going to collect those materials. And in the backdrop of those reports, how would I then reconcile NSCDC vehicle ferrying election materials for Lagos, leaving Abuja yesterday evening with operatives of NSCDC. My brother at this juncture, my journalistic persona is telling me, Bola keep an open mind. You know, there was an accident. We see pictures, but the details of the responsibilities and roles of the persons in that vehicle and any material seen on the ground don't quickly buy the. OK, well, we'll still be looking out for updates for from the tabloid that supplied that. That's what seemed to be. It's a tabloid. You said tabloid is not. It's not. And I like the idea. You said tabloid. The word tabloid where I go into my journalistic teeth, you know, where I caught my journalistic teeth. The word tabloid speaks to the fact that they don't do substantive journalistic investigation before the published. The published more to get very sensational. But when if you say, if you say, no. OK, well, we're we're getting a lot of reports from very many places.  We've had that one from the point now. There are so many other newspapers that will be carrying a lot of things. When we bring it to you, it is still subject to investigation. And like you said, let's take it with a pinch of salt a little bit and all that. But what we're talking about here today is is the election day and everybody wants to go out and vote. How confident are we that when we go there, we are going to meet the materials. We are going to vote. Everything is going to go seamlessly and all that in spite of the fact that we are looking at the shortfalls as well. We are trying to also encourage people that today is the day, no matter what, let's try to do a civic responsibility. Today's election, we are hoping will will be better than the option A4, which to me was so was so great. But we keep referring in Nigeria to the good old days. And that shouldn't be. We should be moving forward and all that. We have beavers, for instance, now. Do you have that much confidence in the beavers that is going to make us surpass the successes we had in 1993? As all of the voices that are dedicated for the intensive use of technology in our electoral system, I am one who is who is confident, very confident that this round of elections should turn out far better than what we used to have. You see, the good thing about technology is that it gives you, it gives you even look, I usually use the example of the pronouncement of the elections, petitions, tribuna in Oshun as my best example. You know what? Even when there was failure, because it's easy to track the digital footprint with technology, it was easy to see the inconsistency between the document that was initially issued by INEC to the complainant and the so-called synchronized package that INEC wanted to use to justify the victory of the winner. Because technology gives you a terrain where every nano footprint can be measured. And when you measure something against what should be a standard, you will either see consistency or inconsistency. So it's easy to judge.  But the good thing about garbage in, garbage out is that once the result is not meeting with the desired result, you will then track what cost the garbage, what cost the garbage output. So I'm sitting here now wanting to believe that this round of elections will be far better, far better than we've ever had. Even with the use of card readers in those days, because this is the first elections, since we've been having elections in Nigeria since 1924, that would say, put your hand on that holy grail. And that holy grail has a biometric recording of either your fingerprint or your iris. So if Bolaaba did not go to the polling booth, if anybody, the first election I partook in Nigeria, the first election Bolaaba partook in Nigeria in 1983, when I got to my polling booth, Malole, Malole, I want to know, what that means is go back home, go back home. We have used your vote. They've cast my vote for the ruling party in Lagos then, and I think they're going to this re-election. They told me that was the first time I was elected to vote. You know, they say, Malole, Malole, we have used your vote. But today, that will not hold. You know why that will not hold? Because there would have to be an acknowledgement by technology that I applied by my biometric identification to activate my right to cast that ballot. It should be better.


Good morning! Welcome to Morning Prayer. It's also day two of Seek and Send. We have families and homes all over western Michigan, opening their altar boxes and making their home and altar a place for the Lord to come and dwell. Today's topic is the Word of God and the scripture is Isaiah 54-13.  It's also the same passage. We'll get to it when we're praying later in verse 17. No weapon formed against you will prosper and every tongue which rises against you in judgment you will condemn and that's what we're praying this morning that the tongues that rise up against our kids in judgment that they would have the Word of God, the sword of God, the sword of the spirit in their mouth and that would be the weapon by which they condemn the tongue of shame, the tongue of guilt, the tongue of whatever the spirit of the age is pressing down on them and that's why it's urgent that the the Word of the Lord dwells richly in our kids and so we're going to go before the Lord and worship here in the city center even at home I just encourage you right now to put away distraction to push aside do your phone to do list later get to text later find another time to be able to think through those things you're going to put those aside right now and enter into his presence with thanksgiving and boldness and invite his presence so let's go before him Lord we we want your praise to be on our tongue Lord we want the Word of God on our tongue to dwell richly inside of us and so we want to be well versed in thanksgiving and praise Lord we want our tongue to sing of your goodness and your praise each morning and so we just begin by giving you the fruit of our lips Lord we begin today by offering our thanksgiving and our gratitude and our praise Lord you are worthy of our affection Lord we know the big way that the Word of Lord dwells richly as we sing it and so Lord we just ask that you would put your word on our lips that we would respond to you with with thanksgiving and revelation this morning as we enter into your courts you as you are but honestly what we're singing right now is about obedience to the Word and how when we're obedient to the Word it actually brings freedom it actually brings strength and it brings power to our lives because we're not doing it in and of our own strength we're submitted to the Lord and so right now I feel like this is a moment for us to actually grab onto this this isn't just like a chorus that we're singing because it sounds good it's a chorus that we're actually choosing to put our obedience to we're saying yes Lord your way is good your way is better your way is higher and we're going to actively pursue what it looks like to be submitted to the Lord and submitted to his word so we're going to sing this again we're going to build it up and I actually want us to actively go before the Lord and bring those areas of our lives where we haven't fully been submitted or maybe even there's a wrestle where you're like what I want to but I haven't been able to let's do that together let's do this together this is a me thing too it's not me telling you it's like I am as I'm singing this like yes yes there's joy there's peace there's love and surrender and I'm actively doing it so let's sing this together I don't think we're done here there's love there's love and surrender surrender there's love peace joy and submission to you mission to you Lord and surrender even since as we were singing this is how I fight my battles that individually realizing the ways that we were fighting in our own strength in different circumstances and scenarios and even people that we were trying to do it trying to figure out solutions in our own strength and the Lord was just reminding us doing the this is how I fight my battles saying no this is we submit ourselves before his word as we are singing this love joy peace and submission and surrender just want to start by doing that in parallel we surrender our hearts and ourselves to you we submit ourselves we come underneath the word of God Lord we we go low just thinking of in passion week you you had two kisses Judas who kissed the face of Jesus and Mary who kissed the feet the same act but one by going low and ministering to the feet kissing the feet of Jesus showing submission and affection and the other arrogance pride thinking of himself to be equal Lord we go low and surrender and bow to Jesus we lay ourselves at your feet we submit ourselves to the word of God Lord we're sorry for where we've come out of alignment Lord we repent for areas that we know your word has spoken and yet we justified action or we justified thought Lord we bring ourselves into realignment under the word of God in the name of Jesus there surrender is victory below to be exalted tells into alignment with the word of God stepping into the the place of intercession on our topic Isaiah 54 13 all your children shall be taught by the Lord and great shall be the peace of your children and righteousness you shall be established you shall be far from oppression for you shall not fear and from your terror for it shall not come near you indeed they shall surely assemble but not because of me whoever assembles against you shall fall for your sake behold I've created the blacksmith who blows the coals in the fire who brings forth an instrument for his work and I have created the spoiler to destroy but no weapon formed against you shall prosper and every tongue which rises against you and judgment you shall condemn this is the heritage of the servants of the Lord and their righteousness is from me says the Lord Lord as we surrender and bring ourselves into alignment where we come under the authority of your word Lord for our homes and our families Lord we say there is no word that is exalted above you you are the word Jesus that is exalted above all things in our homes there is no word of the spirit of the age Lord there is no word of comfort there is no word of pride there is no word of lust Lord there is no word of division Lord there is no word of affliction there is no word of infirmities Lord that is above the name of Jesus which is exalted in our homes and Lord we do that even in our our hearts Lord we acknowledge your Lordship in our homes Lord we know we can't make you Lord of our home you are already Lord Lord but we submit ourselves to your Lordship and specifically we submit ourselves to the word of God and we say no weapon formed against our families will prosper because we will rise up and condemn every tongue that exalts itself above the knowledge of God and Lord we just ask for an impartation of your word in our mouth Lord we know it's not our own words that condemns the tongue that rise against us but it is the word of God in our mouth it is the sharp two-edged sword it is the weapon of your word and so Lord this is our prayer for our homes for our places where we abide Lord for our kids Lord to have the word of God in their mouth to have the word of God on their lips and so Lord we ask that the word of the Lord would draw richly in us and in our homes Lord we ask for Bibles to be open Lord that you would give us as as parents that you would give us wisdom for how to teach the word how to bring our kids into the narrative of the word of God how to have it on our lips and to have it on our tongue Lord to have fascination of your word Lord where we have let other words take preeminence Lord we repent we tear down every altar in high place Lord that the word of Netflix Lord the word of video games Lord would not be exalted above the word of God Lord I just asked for an explosion of creativity for how to do this with our kids Lord I thank you just for that the creativity and innovation of the Seek and Send Week with these altar boxes Lord in these ways Lord that we can pass from one generation to another we can declare the good works of God Lord we just ask for more creativity Lord through song and singing Lord we just ask even that that prayer meetings and worship music would permeate through our homes Lord that our that our kids would actually love and ask for prayer meetings they would love and ask for worship to be played because it's a place for them to sing and declare the word of God Lord we stand on this promise of Isaiah 54 13 that all of our children will be taught not primarily by us but by the Lord and that's why we want to come on in alignment with you because we are not the teachers Jesus you are the great teacher you are the great rabbi we are not the word we are not trying to instill our personal dreams and hopes into our kids to validate our own insecurities but we are standing in alignment to the great rabbi the great teacher the word of God we say we want you to teach and instruct our kids and that we as parents would just come into alignment with the work of the spirit that is already being done and so right now we submit ourselves to that work and we repent for trying to be Lord over our kids for trying to be king for trying to be judge Lord and we step off that throne and we give you the place of preeminence and we ask for all of our children to be taught by the Lord in the name of Jesus swiftly and be glorified in our homes God I ask that you would give us deep love for your word Lord I break off a spirit of confusion Lord and shame when it comes to approaching your word Lord where there is cloudiness where we haven't been diligent and faithful to read your word Lord as parents or as young adults without kids Lord whatever walk of life Lord where we have allowed shame to creep in where the cloudiness where we haven't understood certain things and that's caused us to feel shame and so we have not approached your word oh God I ask for the gift of delight Lord we ask that you would take us from duty to delights Lord that you would take us from a checklist Lord to this book being a place of encounter Lord that it would be a living word sharper than a two-edged sword Lord it would be living an active Lord it would be dividing in our hearts and in our souls Lord that it would divide flesh from spirit Lord that it would bring clarity and revelation Lord we ask for those those illumination moments Lord like like Paul Lord in Arabia where you came and you opened up his eyes to see things from your word Lord where David prayed open my eyes to see marvelous things things that blow my mind things that take me past religious duty into a encounter and intimacy and relationship Lord that you would give us an insatiable hunger for your word Lord give us a hunger and a thirst Lord where we could not make it a single day without opening up this book Lord that we would not just read it but we would read it we would write it we would say it we would sing it we would pray it Lord that we would meditate day and night that we would murmur and mutter that would be on our lips that would be the song that we sing down the hallway Lord it would be the meditation late at night Lord that it would be the first thought in the morning Lord that it would be our safety and our shelter and our portraits that we run into oh god we just ask that you would take us from duty to delight Lord help us to fall in love with your word Lord help us to have great affection and affinity and love for your word Lord instill in us a great love for your word the name of Jesus hearts with joy for the word of God things that fall from the table into this both at home and and here in the room I just I just feel there's there's an invitation in to ask for that deeper love for the word and I just even in the room if you have felt just recently in the last season there's been two things I felt was either confusion or there's distraction it feels like every time you crack open the word of God you you could feel so clear and then you you begin to read and all of a sudden distraction just comes in and it feels like you can't even think of the words on the page and you're frustrated and even mad at yourself or or that there's confusion that that you feel like you don't understand what you're reading and it gives you discouragement and that that you're even feeling like man I even want to give up if that's you in the room go ahead and put up your your hand right now we're just going to pray there's no there's no shame in that we've all experienced that in many seasons yeah just leave your hand raised let's gather around those just keep your keep your hand up for a minute let's just begin lay hands if you're at home I encourage you to actually still lift your hand in this moment we're going to pray for you over the livestream but but lift up your hand and we're going to just ask for those two things to be broken off so Lord you said every tongue which rises against in judgment we will condemn and so right now we condemn Lord every tongue of judgment every every curse the enemy has spoken about their understanding and love for your word Lord I even ask where there has been shame and guilt where the enemy has made you tried to make you feel dumb or like you're a second rate Christian because you don't understand certain things though we just break there is no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus who walk according to the spirit and not the flesh but where there has been a spirit of distraction toward like a noise that has sucked up their attention oh god we just ask for a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of Jesus Lord that you would take them into the inner courts of love for your word God I ask for tear-stained pages that it would not just feel like a duty but but Lord that you would strike their hearts in such a deep way Lord tears would fill the pages of their Bible Lord anything shameful that has been spoken over them even I just even said some things from from teachers that spoke things educationally over some that that called you names and that is actually created a barrier Lord we rebuke every curse and every lie Lord even about their minds that would comprehend and understand Lord we declare they have the mind of Christ that you have not given a spirit of fear but of love power and a sound mind Lord we just ask that you would take them into the inner courts and the inner chambers of intimacy with your word Lord that it truly would be a love letter Lord that it would truly be the father's affection poured out over them God we just ask for revelation Lord that you would make things click things would make sense Lord things would would would would come together in their mind and and and just be an excitement and a thrill Lord that the word of God would dwell richly in them in the name of Jesus we're gonna we're gonna keep praying we're just gonna let the prophetic singers prophesy over you as well just keep prophesying over the singers that's understanding of your word voice of accusation you are the word of God and it is our joy to follow you to express our love through obedience to your word as we just have this last few minutes here I just want to turn our intercession and pray specifically for moms and dads and grandmas and grandpas those gatekeepers of the home from Deuteronomy chapter 6 if you have your bibles you can turn there beginning in verse 1 says now this is the commandment the statutes and the judgments which the Lord your God has commanded me to teach you that you might do them in the land where you are going over to possess it so that you and your son and your grandson might fear the Lord your God to keep all his statutes and commandments which I command you all the days of your life that your days may be prolonged verse 7 you shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house when you walk by the way when you lie down and when you rise up you shall bind them as a sign on your hand and they shall be as frontals on your forehead and you shall write them on the doorpost of your house and on your gates and so Lord we thank you that as you grant grace to us as the gatekeepers of our families to find joy in your word and a spirit of wisdom and revelation as you grace us in obedience father it's to turn and impart these things to this next generation Lord that they our sons our daughters our grandchildren would walk in obedience to you as sons and daughters of righteousness as friends of the bridegroom so Lord as we set apart this week as we esteem your word in prayer even today God I'm asking that you would open up the heavens over moms and dads and grandmas and grandpas and the leaders God of these family lines and homes and I'm asking that you would give us grace God to impart these anchors of truth from your word into little hearts and teenage hearts and young adult hearts father I'm asking that you would raise up the gatekeepers of the homes Lord strong in your word bold in your word filled God with the word of God and the joy of the Lord that as we open our mouths in the daily patterns of life God the breakfast table the dinner table driving in the car to and from school and sports practices Lord the bedtime routines I'm asking father let your word go forth and be sown into little hearts in Jesus name grace would you give them sing this out we declare this over our families homes and dads would you give them a spirit of grandmas and grandpas grace over mothers and fathers grandmothers and fathers would you give them a spirit of grace over mothers and fathers to lead our homes grace as the reason mothers and fathers would you give them a spirit of moms and dads older generation grace over mothers and fathers to speak your word would you give them us would you give them us we are asking Holy Spirit that you would break in to homes this week even today Lord as we focus on the centrality of your word in our home I'm praying that you would impart to moms and dads Lord a special grace an increase of grace Lord to even think about your word and how to impart it that spirit of creativity Lord that it wouldn't be a forced thing but it would just flow in your grace we would just speak we'd open our mouths and you would fill it in the moments God the mundane moments those patterns of life that we just walk through with our families God I pray that as as moms and dads just take that step as grandmas and grandpas just open their mouth to speak Lord that you would fill it that you would hang the weight of glory on simple words and weighty truths that they would land in fertile soil of little hearts and bear fruit God we're asking impart to us Lord grace and strength as leaders of homes to be intentional about raising up the next generation strong in truth in Jesus name we pray raise up moms and dads who are teachers of your word grandmas and grandpas who are mentors in the truth of God among all things but you fill their mouths as they teach spirit of wisdom and who is down Lord help us to see to capture those moments with intentionality but I see every moment opportunity the times at the altar but those spontaneous times Lord give us grace give us grace to speak in the moment the conversations in the car the walks down the sidewalk I'm asking Holy Spirit fill us fill us as leaders of our families with grace upon grace to mentor to capture every opportunity to make the most of every opportunity to sow your word that it would dwell richly in little hearts richly in our homes we need you Holy Spirit as we sow simply we know there's a spirit of multiplication upon words spoken in obedience in the presence of God is as five hours in the speed is too small we give you the moments Lord the moments Lord give you our vocabularies and all the limitations of it we give you our understanding we just say Lord use us even us to raise up a generation rooted and grounded in the love of God it and grounded in truth movable unshakable anchored to you let it begin today God even today God that there would be an older generation that turns around and gives the younger generation the truth of who you are the truth of your word that models that submission and surrender joy we invite you Holy Spirit to do all that you long to do in our homes in our family lines and as we just end I just want to release a declaration over our families those online joining us this morning from Colossians 3 verse 16 we've already prayed it but I just want to release it as a declaration let the word of Christ richly dwell within you with all wisdom teaching and admonishing one another with psalms and hymns and spiritual psalms singing with thankfulness in your hearts to God Lord I pray that this would be our testimony in our homes that this altar ministry of your word dwelling richly in us and us declaring it back to you and to our children and the singing of praise and worship and spiritual songs God I pray that you would bring this to reality in our families in our homes this week and beyond let it be the trajectory of our family God the generations yet to come let it begin today we love you Jesus and we thank you for who you are and all that you do we thank you for your faithfulness to our sons and our daughters that all that you have promised you are faithful to accomplish in them they will be taught by the Lord and great will be their peace we love you Lord in Jesus name well thanks for joining us this morning for morning prayer we're back here at noon praying again just in line with see consent and also for the nations and at 6 30 tonight we'd love to see you in the prayer room God bless you


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discuss the following question which says using elementary row operations, find the inverse of the following matrix. This is the matrix of order 2 by 2 with elements 2, 5, 1, 3. Let's proceed with the solution now. Consider the given matrix as A. So matrix A is equal to matrix with elements 2, 5, 1, 3. Now to find the inverse using the elementary row operations, we will write this matrix A as and apply a sequence of row operations on A is equal to IA till we get I equal to BA. And so this matrix B would be the inverse of matrix A. So this gives us matrix A with elements 1, 3 is equal to I that is the identity matrix of order 2 by 2 with the diagonal elements as 1 and rest of the elements as 0 into A. Now we apply the elementary row operations. First we apply and then applying this we get. Now R1 as R1 minus R2 means that the elements in the first row are given by subtracting the elements of the first row and the second row. So this 2 would be replaced by 2 minus 1 which is 1. This 5 is replaced by 5 minus 3 which is N3 which are the elements of the second row remain as it is. And so this matrix is equal to again we apply the same operation to this matrix also the elements of the first row and the second row. So this 1 is replaced by 1 minus 0 which is 1. The 0 is replaced by 0 minus 1 which is minus 1 and 0 and 1 remain as it is. And this matrix into A. Now next operation and applying this we get by subtracting the elements of the first row from the elements of the second row which is this operation. So the elements of the first row remain as it is that is 1 and 2. Now this 1 which is the element of the second row is replaced by 1 minus 1 which is 0. 3 is replaced by 3 minus 2 that is 1 equal to the matrix obtained by applying this operation. So 1 and minus 1 which are the elements of the first row remain as it is. 0 is replaced by 0 minus 1 which is minus 1. This 1 is replaced by 1 minus of minus 1 that is close to make this matrix the identity matrix. So we will apply another row operation. So applying the operation this 1 would be replaced by 1 minus 0 that becomes 1. Then this 2 which is the second element of the first row is replaced by 0. And the 0 and 1 the elements of the second row remain as it is and this is equal to a matrix. The elements of the first row are obtained by this operation. So 1 is replaced by which is 3. Then this minus 1 is replaced by as it is that is minus 1 and 2. This matrix into to obtain this to get the inverse of the matrix A. So we have got the identity matrix is equal to this would be A inverse into therefore we say the matrix with elements 3 leads to the equation. Hope you understood the solution of this question.


Now welcome to the series on more advanced topics on differential equations. We had the initial set that this will be a new playlist on YouTube and we're going to look at using matrix equations in this series to solve linear systems. Now linear system remembers a set of linear equations. Now before we can get anywhere we need to understand a few things. What we're trying to solve eventually is look at these two. I have y' plus 7y minus 4x equals 0 and x' minus 3x plus 4y equals 0. And I'm suggesting that both of these functions x and y are functions of t. So those are two differential equations but I say we need to solve them together because this x is at x, this y is at y, so they form a linear set. Now I'm going to give you the solutions here. Here's x e to the power negative 5t, y equals twice e to the power negative 5t. If you just look at that y equals 2x. Now I might as well have called this x of 1, x of 2, x of 3, x of 4, so I could have had the whole linear set. But 2 makes it easy for us to understand because this is just a parametrized function in two dimensions, y equals 2x. So I'm going to have a plane and we call this a phase plane and this was just a line with a slope of 2 going in a certain direction. I parametrized it with a function t. In other words, as time goes by, it flows. And so I have the solution there. I also had this x' of t, y' of t, so we can easily see what those are. Now what I do note is I can write all of this. I can write all of this as a matrix. In other words, let's call it matrix x and that is going to be my x of 1, x of 2, x of y, whatever it was. It was e to the power negative 5t and twice e to the power negative 5t. And depending on how you like to put your, to indicate that it is a matrix. And what I'm suggesting here is that I can get x' x' is quite easy. That just means I'm going to take each of these and I'm going to take their derivative as negative 5 e to the power negative 5t and negative 10 e to the power negative 5t. Let's put this kind of brackets to show that it is a matrix. Enemy d3c, that is exactly what we have there. But I'm going to show you something quite exciting is that there is some matrix e that I can multiply with my matrix x. That I can multiply with my matrix x, which is going to give me this, which is going to give me this x prime, this x prime. And what do we have here? I just want to show you how these things are connected, but they're sitting not the way that we are going to use it. I can say 4x minus 7y that equals y prime. And I have 3x minus 4y that equals x prime. And what I can do, I should have just written it the other way around. Let me do that. Let me just write 3x minus 4y equals x prime. Let's take that away. So on the right-hand side note that I do have x prime, my matrix x prime. I can write that as a matrix and there we have it. There we have it and we know what it was. So we're looking for this solution. And I'll just show you that I can make a matrix A. And the matrix A is going to be the coefficient matrix of these. So that is going to be 3 and negative 4 and 4 and negative 7. Okay, so eventually that is what we're trying to get. And I can multiply this by x and I'm going to get x prime. You can really see where that comes from. It's not difficult to understand if I multiply this. What is my matrix x, x and y that was e to the power negative 5t and twice e to the power negative 5t. So I'm multiplying these two matrices by each other. We all know if I've got the error method how to do this. So it's 3 times this minus 4 times this. Or in other words 3 times x minus 4 times y and 4 times x minus 7 times y which is exactly what we had there. And that if we do that we're going to land up exactly with x prime and y prime. So that is how these things are connected. There's going to be, or let's write it properly, x prime is going to be Ax. And we're going to have another function f on that side. Eventually we could have had Ax, our matrix A multiplied by our matrix x. And plus some other function of t. Some other function of t. Now if f of t equals 0 this is going to be a homogeneous linear set. And if f of t doesn't equal 0 then that is a non-homogeneous set. So eventually we want to get to a solution set. A solution set, this x is what we want. If we are just given this A and this x prime, the x prime, we eventually want to get a set. Just to remember that this is going to be homogeneous and this is going to be non-homogeneous. This is eventually what we're going to work on. And in the next video I'm just going to show you what we've actually spoken about in the earlier series on introductory series on differential equations. We're going to definitely look at linear dependency or dependency and non-dependency as far as this x is concerned. But understand, usually when you start these chapters it's a bit difficult to understand where all these matrices fit in. But I think if you look at it this way it's quite easy to understand how these things fit to each other so that we can eventually get to this equation, this type of equation.