We've reached chapter 10. So we're covering territory. The chapter of rushing to do good works. What do they translate the chapter as there? The chapter on hasten. The things to do with good deeds and encouraging the person to intend doing the good. This is the last time you told someone to hasten. And hasten when you do that. It's good to be hasty sometimes of rushing to do good works. وَحَثُ مَنْ تَوَجَّهَ لِخَيْرٍ عَلَى الْأَقْضَهِ عَلَيْبِ الْجِبْدِ مِنْ لَيْرِ تَرَدُدِ And to incite or encourage the one who would direct themselves toward good things to do it with all earnestness and not to hesitate. If you get the idea to do something and you know it's a good thing, don't give your ego a chance to talk you out of it. Because the خواتر that come to a person are three or four. The first is خواتر ربان. So divine thoughts, godly thoughts. God and then angelic thoughts and then egotistical thoughts and then shaitanic thoughts. Four different types of thoughts that will come to a person. So you're walking about your day and something pops into your head. You're going about whatever it is you're supposed to be doing going about.  Where does that something come from? So by the nature of the thought we can know where it comes from if it's a divine thought. Meaning direct from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala and Allah sends inspiration to everyone. It's not revelation. You're not going to start a new religion tomorrow, right? But everything is inspiration from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. Even the B, the bumble bee gets wahi, right? And Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala inspired the bee. You know the surah? Surah to Nahab. A divine thought is one that is about the perfection of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. The sublimity of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala drawing nearer to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. Right? Closeness to Allah. Getting nearer to Allah. Nearer to the messenger of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. These are direct from Allah. Second thought is the angelic thoughts. An angel came and whispered in your ear. An angel came and gave you this push to do what? Good things. Acts of ibadah. Doing good for another person. Thinking positive. Avoiding something that will put an obstacle between you and Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. That thought comes from the angel. That's why it's good to be on good terms with angels. They're all around and we want to keep them around because any spot that's taken up by an angel is not available to be taken up by a jinn or a shaytan or something else, right? So, khilas. Let's see how many we can get in the room. We remember Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala in a gathering. They're going to stuff the room. And they're going to pile on top of each other all the way up into the heavens, right? They get really excited about such things. We should do more of such things then. Subhanahu wa ta'ala, how many angels could we bring to the United States? How many angels could we bring to California? The angels are sitting there saying, California, really? We have not been there in the longest time, right? Alright, let's go check it out. Subhanahu wa ta'ala, the second are the egotistical thoughts. The egotistical thoughts are nafsani. They come from your lower self. That nafs, that when we say the word nafs, we mean the ego. So, it's when Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala turns in the Quran, that nafs will amara. The commanding self that commands to do bad things. Okay, so Sayyidina Yusuf, alayhi salatu wa salam, alayhi salatu wa salam, alayhi salatu wa salam, alayhi salatu wa salam, alayhi salatu wa salam, talks about that. I'm not going to say that my nafs is innocent. Inna nafsala amaratun bilsum. It commands to what is bad. That's that lower ego. That lower self are the thoughts that come from there. Are the thoughts to do things that are repetitive, right? To do things that are not good with your limbs. To do things that are maybe selfish, right? And those types of things. Or to make those sins of the flesh, or the sins of the appetite, and all of those different types of things that's coming from the ego. And then there are the Satanic thoughts. The Satanic thoughts come from, right? Shay'al-Din that are working for the Shay'ban, right? So Jinn, but also human beings that are doing work for Shay'ban.  And they're trying to distance you from Allah SWT. Those are the ones that bring you doubts about the unicity of Allah. And the Risala of Muhammad SAW. Those are the ones that cause you to think wrong things about Allah SWT. Those are the ones that cause people to think in conflict with proper ethics. They come from the Shay'al-Din. Right? Because what is the Shay'ban's mission? To get you, and as many people as possible, further away from Allah SWT. So here we're talking about that thought, that angelic thought, khatia, madaki, that comes to you to do something right. To do something good, SWT. And under this title, he begins, by citing the verse of Allah SWT in Surat Al-Baghraa, فَسْتَبِقُ الْخَيْرَاتِ So rush, race to do good things. And we've said before that this racing or competition to do good things is not a type of destructive competition. It means to, when you see other people doing good, you are inspired to go out and do good too. That's what it is. Not that type of competition where when you're racing, not us, not the BMX people, right? Those other people who shave their legs when you're doing like the touring, racing, the road racing, I did a little bit of that too, right? When you're doing that and the person comes up, right, and shoves something, and actually in the mountain biking, we'd have this too, when you go around the bend in the mountains and there's no crowd and no one sees you, someone might take something and put it in the spokes of your bicycle, right, and breaks it up and you flip off and get all broken up and you're out of the race, right? So that type of competition when someone puts something in the spokes of your wheels to undermine what you're doing and to break you down, okay? Or to under, you know, or to maybe even the piracy that goes on. They come over and they take all of your, you know, what it is you're trying to build and they make it hard in order so that you can't keep up in this type of thing, that sort of destructive type of competition that goes on. That's, we don't have people in the community who go and undermine others and do nasty stuff to others, right? To cause them to slip up or essentially undermine what they're trying to build vis-a-vis nela. Undermine what they're trying to build. We respect a man, we respect a woman who's working to put food on the table for their family, right? To keep a roof over the head of their family and we respect that work that they're doing but here we have a brother, here we have a sister who's trying to put food on the table of the house in Jannah and we want to somehow undermine that, right? That's not cute. It is not clever and we shouldn't clap for such a person, you know, because what is somehow seen as clever in the dunya is not going to be seen away in the Akhirah, right? If we cannot be ethical people, then, you know, really, it's just identity politics, right? So that is a destructive type of competition to undermine our brothers and sisters. That's not what is being talked about here. So when that goes on, we don't kind of say, well, Allah said race, compete with one another, you did good. So here we are competing, like, pick up basketball where there's a whole lot of trash talking and elbow here and, you know, that type of thing. If you're on the basketball court and someone catches you in the mouth with an elbow, you're like, all right, you got me, you got me, right? And then the next play, right, you might do something else, maybe on the basketball court, if that's the type of game that people want to be involved in. But now when we're working for our boss, we're handling the time, so handling them, right? We're not out to crush souls. We're not out to hurt feelings. Race, move quickly to a forgiveness from Allah SWT because in the doing of good deeds, whether they are good deeds that are an ibadah that is between you and Allah SWT or in efforts to help and relieve the distress or difficulty of a fellow person in that is a manfira from Allah SWT. Allah, once, Allah has all this ghufran to give out. It's all there, and there's no shortage. If someone runs off and gets a whole bunch of ghufran and barakat and hazanat from Allah SWT, it doesn't mean that there's now not enough to go around because so and so got it, right? The Sahaba complained to Rasulullah SWT that wealthy among us, they went and ran off with all of the ajr because they're giving all the money and all of this and we have nothing to give and the Prophet, Allah SWT, said he couldn't just speak it in sadaqah, right? In making vigour is a sadaqah and reminding people of Allah SWT is a sadaqah so there are so many ways but some people in this world they have the mentality that there's not enough to go around and therefore we have to compete we have to prevent, we have to block Allah SWT has so much good to give Subhanallah there is enough to go around and if we all operated with this plenitude perspective on life where would we get to? We wouldn't be third nations within a first nation we would be a first nation even though the first nation are the Native Americans but still we would be a leading community but we're not a leading community but we need to get back to who we are ibnat is a wufran that you're rushing to when you do something good Allah is in the assistance and the support of His slave so long as the slave is in the assistance in support of His brother that's a sunnah of Allah SWT the brother that wasn't a hadith I mean it's a hadith but it's not from the book we didn't get there, I'm moving too slowly Ma'ufiratimim Rabbika and the Jannah the jannah are these people who look out for the ish for those people who look out for their fellow man the midwan of the best of you the humanity and nasu and nas he didn't say the believers he didn't say the Muslims and nasu aiyadullah wa khayru kum khayru kum na di aiyali the people not the Muslims the people are the what is it the aiyad right we use it, the Egyptians use it for children but aiyad means the people that you put on your taxes what do you call them? the dependents so people are the dependents of Allah SWT he's supporting them and the Egyptians use that word for children it doesn't mean the people are the children of Allah SWT but affectionately because we know we're not being literal we know that the people are the dependents of Allah and the best of you are the best of you to his dependents SWT here we go and that is the Jannah whose width is that of the heavens and the earth and it was unprepared for people who have taqwa to have caution when it comes to the limits that Allah SWT has set and the first hadith in the bab he says he narrates from Abu Huraira radiAllahu anhu that the messenger Adaya SA said bak housing fatten muslim sasif so rush to do good works because there will be crises and chaoses and tragedies that will be like a piece of dark night night. Do you ever be in a dark night maybe way outside of the city?  It will be so dark people won't be able to know which way is up from down, which way is right and which way is wrong. They'll get lost. If someone gets lost in the middle of a dark night what do we do? Do we give them a lecture? Do we wag our finger at them? Do we blame them? Or do we try to help them get to a safe place? Do we try to help get them a light? Right? So if you do have a light what's that light for? To get out to those people. You think that the rescue teams that go out there and someone's you know both got they didn't get into harbor soon enough or they lost their way out on the open ocean. The helicopter comes and then you know the safety person lowers down on the cable and when he gets down and the people are like trying to stay above the water and they've been out there for hours and maybe it's winter time and they're about to get hypothermia and he gets down just close enough and he stops and he says starts wagging his finger. You know I know you shouldn't have been out here like this. Is that what goes on? When they get them back up into the helicopter do they scold them? When they get them to the hospital and treat the hypothermia are they worried about scolding them? Do you think that who scolds and maybe their parents or something like that? But really it doesn't matter at this point. The people who go out onto the highways and get people, extricate people from their cars with the jaws of life and things like that, right? It can opener for a vehicle. They're not scolding someone, right? They are fulfilling their own meaning of existence by helping another human soul. Can we like get to a point where we can be as good as a caviar that is on call and has a real job but when someone is in an extremely precarious situation hanging off a cliff, the extraction specialist that we can go out there and just because it completes me as a human being thank you for the opportunity for letting me feel like I'm still a human being because sometimes we forget. Can we reach that level or we need to wag a finger a little bit because that's what makes us feel like we're righteous? So how bad you are?  People come up and you would not believe the stuff that they don't know that we take for granted. Left from right. There will be fit and like a piece of dark night a man will wake up in the morning as a believer and go to sleep at night as a disbeliever and another will go to sleep at night as a believer and wake up in the morning as a disbeliever. And I seek refuge in Allah that I become that person because you don't know what the next phase of your life has in store for you maybe going along thinking MashaAllah right I got it like that but you don't know what's gonna happen to you why because your faith is not from your cleverness it's a gift that Allah has given you and he did not have to. The first thing in Sunni Aqita that you learn is that no one forces Allah to do anything. He doesn't have to reward people who do good things nor does he have to punish people who do bad things. If Allah wanted to why because this is his game and this is his design. This is his test and he sets the terms it just happens to be that he set them in the way that we know but he didn't have to. If he wanted he could flip it and reward the people that disobey him and punish the people that obey him. He can do that. He promised he wouldn't and he's true to his promise but it could have been otherwise. We should not think that our faith is something we've earned. We should not think that our faith is something that comes from our cleverness. It's a gift that Allah gives and if Rasulullah SAW was telling us nobody gets into jannah by their actions and they say not even you Rasulullah he said not even me unless Allah SWT envelops me with his Rahman. We do good actions because that's if you want to find Rahman up Allah. If you want to get to the jannah of Allah the best place to start looking is where good actions are. That's why we go there. That's why we do those good actions because we know that those are the actions of the people that will gain the pleasure of Allah SWT but we also know at the end of the day that he makes the final decisions and that's scary. Isn't that the essence of Taqwa? Isn't it with both fear and hope that the believer can fly? Fear and hope is a balance. Balance is what we seek for in Allah SWT because when he built the worlds and he built the sky he set up the balance with the assignment to Benny Adam to keep the balance. It's your job to keep a balance. Let's not be unbalanced. So we keep that balance but of course if one is going to outbalance the other when you're young and healthy keep fear. That if one's going to preponderate the fear side should preponderate but when people get to the end of life or when they go into the hospital or when something goes wrong and there's a good chance that they might be close to death we flip it and we emphasize hope because not much more is going to go on after that and they have to die with a hope in Allah SWT. So we switch to hope. How we got onto that tangent? I do not know. People that are in the middle of darkness who don't think that your faith is something that you got because you're shot there. And what does he explain for why this is happening? Because he sells his Dean for some little trinket of dunya. He sells his Dean for some little trinket of dunya. Meeting? How does that play out? Some people get bought out. Some people set out. Okay, yeah. I'll go inform on people or I'll create a case against other Muslims for this, this and this. Or I'm so angry about the way I was treated in that mosque that I'm going to go on TV and I'm going to start a career that's just about attacking Islam. Yeah, okay. This person bought dunya for the price of his Dean. But what about people who for the sake of being close to money or power are willing to institutionalize not following the ethics of Islam? To make that, right, the policy, right, that we don't actually try to follow. We fall short and everything. So many things. And all of us are falling short. Why? Because we're belly-at. I mean it's in our DNA. Why? Because a loss of Hanu Ita'ala structures into our DNA, the need for his forgiveness, the need for his repentance. And that is why we exist. Every child of Adam makes mistakes. Every child of Adam sins. You see someone out there making mistakes. You see someone out there sinning. Benny Adam, right? And the best of them are the ones who love Allah and his messenger enough to find their way back and to ask Allah to forgive them. And then what are they going to do? They're going to keep on going out and making mistakes. But what we hope is this. Is that the mistakes of tomorrow are a little bit more subtle and fine too and not the mistakes of yesterday. That we learn from our mistakes. That's the hope. But how quick a learner are you? In math class maybe someone's really quick. Not me. But someone. Right? Most of you are, I'm sure, like real shelter in math. Right? Tell you. People like us, we go into humanities. Social sciences. Right? Who has benefit there? Tell you. So someone is going to be a quick learner here and a slow learner here. Okay? But at the end of the day we learn and we pass. The mathematics we have to pass to get our degrees. Right? We pass statistics to get the psychology degree and stuff like that. Right? We learn. But at what pace? If I'm real shelter in math, Mashallah, should I look down on the people who struggle with mathematics? If I'm real shelter in fasting, shall I look down on the people that struggle with fasting? It doesn't make sense. It doesn't even seem fair because a lot gifted me and then pretty much everybody is gifted somewhere. We just haven't found where that gift is sometimes in ourselves or in the other person. But everyone is gifted too. So if we're gifted in one place and someone else is not gifted in the same place, what's actually supposed to happen? A lot of finger wagging because you know what they say in my country, where I come from. Where I come from they say every time you point a finger at somebody, right? There's four more pointing back at you. Right? So subhanallah. What's supposed to happen is that we complete one another. One person is strong in this area. The other person is strong in this area. The first thing we have to do is we have to recognize and acknowledge. And then it's not a competition, right? We all carry the weight. Subhanallah. Diversely in being different is what makes us strong. Do you want in the fall? How many people have been on the east coast in the fall? Right? In the autumn. Northeast, northeast. How many people in the northeast? Right? In the autumn. You've never been in the northeast in autumn? Okay. How many people have been in northwest frontier province in autumn? But you're into here, right? I'm preferring in these days. So you'll see a picture of the trees changing colors in autumn, right? Do y'all have trees that change colors in autumn in Bosnia? Not many. Okay. But anyway, in the northeast, right? You all see pictures of this. They change all these different colors. And people love those pictures. They're absolutely beautiful in Canada. They have this effect, right? And it's the most beautiful pictures. Do we want all those leaves to turn the exact same color? Right? You know? I mean, the cedars in northern Lebanon are like really nice too. But that's part of the beauty is all of these different colors together. And that's what we should be looking for in a healthy community. Is people with different strengths and talents working together to create something that is beautiful, right? That is beautiful. Yeah, Robbie. Because, yeah, we'll move on, Insha'Allah. Second hadith. From Adi saru'ah, siru'ah, because reciting and fadhihah saru'ah, right? Siru'ah or saru'ah, Raqba tabliin ha'rati radiya'Allah wa anhuqaaal, sanlaytu wa raa nadi'i sallallahu alaihi wa sallallahu alaihi wa sallam, bil madinat al-Aasra, fa sallamah, thum maqamah masriyan. We didn't read this last week. What hadith do we actually stop on? We did read this last week, no. Fairly certain, because he went to distribute the funds that he had in his house. We did. Where do we stop? 80 down. Got you. Okay, so moving along to hadith number three. Insha'Allah, we cover one territory that I remember. But I think we got a little bit of different perspective on hadith number one. I saw things I didn't remember from asking for hadith. Anjabir, radiya'Allah wa anhuqaaal, qaala rajulun din nabiya sallallahu alaihi wa sallam, yawma ahadin arra'aita in kutilatu fa aina ana. A man said to the Prophet Aleyhi salatu wa salam on the day of the Battle of Ahad, if I'm killed today, where do you see me ending up? And he said, fi'l jannah in the garden, fa alqa tamar'atin kunna fi yadihi thummaqatila hatta qutil. So he had some tamar'at in his hand that he was eating in order to get some energy for the upcoming battle. He threw them out. He went straight into the battle and he fought until he was killed. The steadigul khairat and rushed to a mawwafira from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala, sacrifice in battle. Sacrificing one's soul in battle against people who are trying to actively harm you themselves or harm any innocent people themselves. They are in the action. They are, if you don't stand in their way, they're going to be killing people and harming people. Standing up to protect those innocent people and losing one's life in the process is a great and tremendous sacrifice. It is not a romantic motif. How good do I look in a shawar qamees and an AK-47? Masha Allah. They'll take pictures of me and put it on social media, right? Because I look good. Those romantic motifs don't exist. Nobody in Bosnia was wearing Sidwell qamees in the beginning and hardly anybody was carrying anything, right? Because people had to trade it off, right? When a person goes out for a while, right? Then he has to come back and he switches it out to his partner because there was nothing for people to defend their families and it didn't look good. People up there in tennis shoes, right? They were Afghanistan and track shoes too, but the point is that it's not romantic. It's doing something that needs to be done in the moment that it needs to be done and if for any reason, we were taught by the scholars that we studied with that the terms of the conflict seem clear. You have one armed party trying to harm another nation and people standing up to stop that harm, but unless the terms of the conflict are clearly on the side of proper ethics, and here we mean the ethics of conflict, right? Even if it is according to the terms of the Geneva Convention, that it's not lawful to participate in such a conflict. Some people get it in their head or they get so much anger that they just want to lash out at anybody they can lash out at because they're so upset about something else. These people seem to be associated with those people, but then they become murderers, they become the ones, but in their minds they have all these fantasies and they're just getting themselves into the hellfire and they're harming a lot of innocent people in the process, but sometimes a person has to stand up and just like Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said, don't wish to be in that moment. Don't long to be in that moment. Don't hope to have a moment like that because you don't know which way it's going to go and you don't want to be in a situation where the person on the other side also prays five times a day. That's a seriously confusing situation. At the battle of Sufine there were Sahaba that just walked off the battlefield and just sat down and just said, I can't, I can't do this. Why? Because they were honest to Allah SWT. Don't wish for the meeting with the enemy, but if you find yourself in a situation that you did not ask for, then know that Jannah is under the shade of swords, but people rush. Just like, maybe or not just like, but akin to the idea of the Sahaba in Mecca when they couldn't take the torture and they went to Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said, aren't you going to pray for us? We're dying out here. They're torturing us. They're killing us. They're maiming us. They're raping our women in Mecca. And he said, there were people that came before you and they underwent so much torture until they said, when is the help? And even their prophet said, when is the help of Allah going to come? But you are a people who are in a rush and will have young people that are so angry at the images that they see on television, usually happening to some other people that they don't even know. And they're in a rush to have some type of experience that they have a fantasy about.  Don't wish for that. Be a human being.  Stand up and be ready to go. But we've said in this class so many times before that there will continue to be themes in the teachings of Islam that are directly and literally relevant, maybe not to us in the circumstances that Allah has put us and they may be literally relevant to someone in the north of Syria. Somebody in another place where they have been plunged into a conflict that they didn't ask for and then maybe it becomes a literal but we're not stupid people and we're not literal people and we can understand that when Allah has placed us somewhere where that's not a choice that we have to make when we leave the house every day. That we can also, but that doesn't mean that these ahadith are shut down and there's nothing to be learned from them. SubhanAllah. This man, he sacrificed what was probably never going to be replaced for him to do something for the sake of Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta'ala and his messenger hoping to gain the contentment of Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta'ala and how many situations that this is its template might be facing our life here today. SubhanAllah. We're smart people, we're intelligent people. Read was the first of the revelation and Allah swears by the pen. La Allakum Taqilun, that perhaps you might use your intellect.  Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta'ala speaks to our intellect and also speaks to our soul and tells us not to forget the rights of our bodies or the bodies of others huh and we're smart people and we're expected to be intelligent people so let's stop acting like we're not intelligent people you know and let's embrace that the Europeans would inherit the logic that was first reported by the Greeks but not till it passed through the filters of the Arabs the Muslims who made changes in alterations that are still part of formal logic in Europe today. SubhanAllah. When an attorney has to study logic to become an attorney right or a litigator they have to study logic and what they're studying in every single country in the world including the United States and wherever else they're going to law school they're studying rules that were set up and filtered by Arab scholars or Muslim scholars some of them were not even seen of course it was not an error and he made major adjustments to logic so we're supposed to be intelligent people but it's true.  We don't read and we don't count. Why? There's a lot of Muslims out there in the world and not all of them are educated and that's okay. So I travel according to your abilities of your weakest link don't leave people behind but the fact that we are happy and content to stand in prayer next to a person who comes from a different socioeconomic situation than ourselves that does not dress as well as ourselves that is a different color or a different race than ourselves and we see everyone like the teeth of a comb the fact that we don't mind if people are not deep thinkers we are fine to make sure that there are teachings of Islam that will embrace people at every level like the Quran when you read it there is something in it each time you read it for your level if your level is low and we have people in this country and in our who read in a sixth grade level as a fifth grade level right we got a president to read at a sixth grade level and speak at a third grade level third grade playground level right we have people who can't read at a high school level and some of them have really good jobs and make bank accounts right and then we put them in charge which is weird all of that's okay but does that mean that we also can't have a discourse that operates at just a university level of some atom right many people at university are not actually working at a university level we have something for these people and these people why because Islam is not one-dimensional is that is not black or whites we can embrace all different types of people and we can feed and nourish people at all different levels huh we don't have to run elementary school Islam you know that's not a civilizational worldview we love to remember the greatness of the golden years of Islamic civilization huh but what did the poet say they said the feta men called a canna ebbi in the matter that's a man called a ha Anna noble young man the fine young man is not the one who says my father used to be this and my father used to be that I'm sure all of us could tell great stories about our great great grandfathers and who they were and what they did but did I get satiated and satisfied by the food or the meal that was written eaten by someone else no the noble young man is not the one who said my father is this and my father is that the noble young man is the one who says here I am here's what I do subhan Allah but if we want to remember those glory days of some great Islamic civilization that no longer is then we're claiming to be people who represent a civilization if it is true that somehow there is a link by ethnicity or blood or place of origin or language of origin or by embracing something that goes beyond the physical world and having your heart linked to the heart of Rasulullah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam through Shahada and the resonance of alas to be run become callable now if we have that link to those civilizations let's then be people who represent civilization by thinking civilizational thoughts which we cannot do if it's just me and my friends and we all think the exact same way we need all different types of people to complete that mosaic and make something beautiful and balance out but because we can't do that all we can say is well you know the Dow has this idea of the NNA whether this you know balance and completion and all of that which is a wonderful thing but can we find it in Islam without having to call it the Dow of Islam when we're calling it the Dow of Islam it means that we've lost it and we need someone else's civilization in order to maybe find something or recognize something of our own we're not scuba we don't have the self-contained underwater breathing apparatus within our own civilization of culture right so how well we could do if we could just listen to the Dean and learn from what it wants to tell us so the idea of sacrificing one self sacrificing what is dear for something that's bigger than me for a cause that's other than me let me leave you with one idea okay there are beautiful people out there innocent people sincere people will actually believe that there are things that are more important than themselves and they are willing to sacrifice not just the extra money not just things for a tax write off but money they need items they need or sacrifice something of themselves or maybe even sacrifice a great career just to do something that they believe is bigger than themselves let's promise one another that we will not be that person who makes them feel stupid for doing that we will not be that person who steps on their soul and crushes it because they thought there were things bigger than themselves worth sacrificing themselves for let's not crush people for thinking that altruism is a real thing helping another person when there's nothing in it for me because we'll lie we have in our Muslim community people who are doing just that making people feel stupid for believing in Islam in the name of Islam that's what's going on and you want to know why people don't want to come to your message you don't you want to know why people don't want to participate in the dean or people are leaving the dean or don't want to have anything to do with Muslims we come here but we don't realize that there is a serious crisis going on out there a crisis of faith not a crisis of faith in one individual not the crisis of faith of Imam al-Lazali and me and Imam al-Lazali were kindred spirits because we're just a like a crisis of faith on a national level the only way to figure out how to deal with it after acknowledging and realizing that it's going on is to just be quiet and listen and learn something that we don't understand from the people that are suffering through it so I hope this he says in the fourth hadith Abu Huraira says that a man came to the Prophet alaihi salatu wa salam and said ya Rasulallah what's sadaka is greatest in rewards and he said and tassadaka wa anta sahihun shahihun tahshal fakra wa tahmululzina what the point of meeting this stuff anymore is we don't take it seriously and why don't we read this what is the best charity that is the charity that is best in reward and he said that you give in charity and you are healthy and not scared you're not giving charity because oh my gosh the doctors can't do anything from me but maybe a lot can step in and intervene you are healthy shahihun and you actually really just would rather hold on to your month meaning you're hesitant right we talked about that hesitation you'd really rather hold on to it you're afraid of poverty and you're hoping to become more wealthy meaning when your nefs is actually more inclined not to give that charity and you're not scared of anything that charity is the best subhanallah you don't just wait until it's too late for you to use your money and you say this is gonna go to so-and-so and this is gonna go to so-and-so right you do it before all of that happens subhanallah you don't wait until your soul is about to leave your body it's about to reach the throat and then you're willing to give it up because now you're satisfied that you're never going to enjoy it again right you do it before that happens subhanallah a lot subhanahu wa ta'ala says that Allah is in the assistance and support of His slave so long as His slave is in the assistance and support of His brother elsewhere the messenger of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says that whoever relieves the distress of a believer in this life of God will relieve his or her distress in the next life subhanallah here we go relieving the distress of another I have known women who scour the city that they live in to find the people in the most distress and when they find them they won't tell their friends where that family is one of them comes back to the group and said I found a family that lives in a cave aware I'm not telling you subhanallah I know a city where when a man dies and his mature children come to look through his estate and see what's going on and set straight his affairs after they buried him finds that there are five families that he has been supporting completely in the city and no one knew about it and then they find out that he only inherited those families from his father and the son is proud to take care of those families you find someone in distress these people get excited over that I've known cities where if someone slept in the street once in that city the men and women of that city would find that as an insult to themselves and an embarrassment that cannot be tolerated if someone needs an operation and they can't get it they would find it an insult to the city and themselves and their honor and an embarrassment that could not be tolerated when you find someone in distress this is a boon for you Allah has sent you an aid subhanallah and that person suffering in distress has done you a favor that you should be grateful for and you're just fortunate that Allah's messenger alayhi salatu wasalam didn't make you obligated to wash their feet like they deserve to kiss their hands and their foreheads because of what they brought into your life they've done you a favor and that's how the world turns and that's best that a clue illa khairat so rush to do good deeds that's what that means subhanallah but we don't think with the world view of a civilization and we don't think with a world view that is shaped by Muhammad so the law alayhi wasalam someone just said the other day they had a quiz at a university that we're out at and merced the other day they said what is the most prevalent name on the face of the earth and apparently it's Muhammad so Allah alayhi wasalam what should that mean and what does that mean subhanallah what should that mean and what does that mean at some point Muslims are going to have to make a choice am I gonna be someone who feels like I'm in the prison of Islam and I just have to try to make it as easy as I can while I'm here right because there's no escape brothers and sisters if you want out the door is open no one's saying you have to stay here a lot of clothes you have to stay here but you know if you feel froggish leave you don't have to stay here you're free you are whole you can make your own decisions and if you don't like it in here with your son the Muslims in the Dean of Muhammad so the law alayhi wasalam no one's telling you gotta stay right you turn 18 you go people have to make a decision am I stuck being Muslim or I mean am I inspired to be a Muslim do I want to rise up to that challenge and do I want to be part of the mission of Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wasalam huh keep laying in rahmati two portions of his Rahmah and carry water to people who need water water of what real water maybe real water metaphorical water yes indeed because Rahmah will bring dead earth back to life do I want to join the program of Mohammed's but there's a price because you know if you want to join again you know how you got to get in right how do you get into a gang how do you get into a gang what is your name say the BMX Fatima right they have to jump you in you know what it means to jump you in right so the gang has to all come together do it to the girls to the girl wants to join the game and they all you have to try to stay in your feet while they all beat you up for like a whole minute right and you and you get hot points of respect if you can stay up you're not gonna stand up right you're gonna be broken up and you're going to pee blood for weeks for a week right but that's how you get in if you really want in you'll do it so if you want to be what did he say he said to the Prophet alaihi salatu wasalaam in the middle of the night when he came out to pray to Hajjad and he jumped the Sahabi to join him into Hajjad and he said I love you Rasulullah sallallahu alaihi wasallam and he said then prepare for power prepare to be poor because if you want to be in this it's not easy it's gonna be hard and stuff that's worth anything doesn't come easy it doesn't fall in your lap like your Eman fell in your lap so get from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala but if you want to be with that you want to protect it but there's gonna be some bumps in the road I have no people who come in they said I'm scared because my life is going to well maybe Allah doesn't want me we ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala but I was like the Prophet said right I complain to you of the weakness the weakness of my strength or my capacity and I don't have any solutions I can't figure out what to do next nothing seems to be working huh in a mental kidney who are you going to send me to are you gonna send me to someone who doesn't know me who's gonna treat me like garbage are you gonna give me over to be owned by my closest relatives and my closest people who are gonna treat me like a stepchild but so long as you're not angry with me but you're good health it's better for me that you give me good health and you make it easier for me that works out a little bit more to my liking and I could I could get used to that what I can have yet to come I was sourly but it would be more expensive if you made it easier and I seek refuge in you by the light of your face upon which is rectified the affairs of the heavens and the earth that you not release your anger upon me or send down your wrath on me but you can do what you want until whenever you want like a lot but I thought that I love it and there's no ability and there is no capacity and as you give it subhan Allah Rasulillah on his way out of time and what would be coming what would be the farage that will come after when he would own all of Mecca and he could destroy all of Mecca and he could bring down his vengeance on all of those people and they are eating from his hands saying what a noble soul and this world means a noble soul it could have noble souls but you have to drink from the hand of the Prophet did I literally say that are we that shallow well if all you study is shallow books and you haven't read a book right since your graduate school exams right well then maybe you will think in that way drink from the hand of the Prophet a day salatu was salam say some of Allah was selling whenever you hear his name and say a few extras and read about his behavior and read about his character and read about and learn about and stick with people who embody the character of Rasulullah salallahu alayhi was salam and it will be as if you were drinking from the hand of the Messenger alayhi salatu was salam as he's pouring out from you meanings and understandings and comprehensions from the Kotha and if you embody them with true love the Kotha and you won't just drink from a glass or a cup but maybe from his hand but whoever drinks from that Kotha will never ever be thirsty anytime after and when you drink from the teachings of the Prophet alayhi salatu was salam you feel like a thirst within you has been quenched but at some point you have to stop someone gives you the drink at some point you mature enough to look around and see if the person next to you is thirsty and share it Subhanallah it's probably enough for today may Allah bless you and bless your families and bless us and bless our family Allah give you openings and give us openings Allah make your feet firm and make us firm Allah make things easy for you and make things easy for us and Allah give courage and relief from distress and health from illness to all of the families that are around here for the sake of the Prophet alayhi salatu was salam for the love of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala may Allah bless you and have a beautiful beautiful Thursday night right


Hello, everyone. Thank you all for joining me today. I'm very honored to share how to develop BPL tools with live BPL and BPL CRI at KubeKorn. First of all, let me introduce my little bit. My name is Leng Bojiao. I come from Pincap, the company behind TIDB, and I'm an active contributor to live BPL tools. I was fortunate to get a lot of help from Andrew Naikariko, who is the BPL and BPL CRI project leader. Then I was contributing to live BPL tools. I learned a lot from him and the community and I enjoyed communicating with them. Now let's get down to the topic. I will share my experience about writing BPL applications with live BPL. I hope this topic is helpful to those who are interested in live BPL and it could inspire them to further develop and improve BPL applications with live BPL. So let's first see what's BPL CRI first. Before talking about this concept, let's think about what BPL capability is. We know that the development with kernel is very varied. Although backward compatibility can be guaranteed as a system core layer, changes within the kernel sub-system don't guarantee this compatibility. When we use BPL for system tracing, we often need to get function parameters, read fields in the struct, and so on. Obviously, BPL programs need to fix this compatibility problem. Therefore, we need to clarify the probability of BPL. BPL probability is the ability to write the BPL program that will successfully compile past kernel verification and they work correctly across different kernel versions. We also need to recompel it for each particular kernel. The solution to BPL probability is BPL CRI. Some people may have some doubts on the necessary pay of BPL CRI. When we use BCC, it seems like we don't encounter any compatibility issues. So why do we need this new thing? The answer is yes, we need it. The reason is that although the emergencies of BCC is a major improvement in the BPL development experience, it has some not-for-shortcomings. I used the C-lounge front-end to modify your writing BPL for programs. When the problem occurs, it's difficult to find the problem and figure out the solution. You have to remember naming conversations and automatically generated three-point structures. Because the left BCC library contains a huge LLVM or C-lounge library, then your usage, you might encounter some issues. When the truth starts, it takes many CPU and memory resources to compel the BPL program. If it runs on a server that lacks system resources, it might trigger a problem. BCC depends on kernel header packages, which you have to install on each target host. If you need an exported context in kernel, you have to manually take a copy and pass the type definition into the BPL code. Because BPL programs are compiled during runtime, many simple compilation errors can only be detected at runtime. This affects your development experience. By contrast, BPL-CUE has this advantage. When you implement BPL-CUE, you can directly use the live BPL library provided by kernel developers to develop BPL programs. Their development method is the same as writing ordinary C-user mode programs. When combination generates a small binary file, live BPL acts like a BPL program loader and relocates, loads and checks BPL programs. BPL developers only need to focus on the BPL program's correctness and performance. This approach minimizes overhead and removes huge developments, which makes the overall development process smoother. This is why we need BPL-CUE and why it's future of BPL. BPL-CUE only consists of four parts. BPL-TAP information, compiler, BPL loader, kernel. I will work you through run-by-run. BPL-TAP information, which allows to capture group for pieces of information about kernel and BPL program caps and code, enables all the other parts of BPL's COIE puzzle. What's exciting is that in the latest kernel version, file.11, kernel has also implemented support for model BTF. Compiler is still on, provides means for BPL program C code to express their intent and record relocation information. BPL loader ties BTFs from kernel and BPL program together to adjust compelled BPL code to specify kernel on target hosts. Kernel, while staying completely BPL-COIE agonistic, provides advanced BPL features to enable some of the more advanced standard services. That's your hello world with live BPL. As mentioned before, the BPL application is divided into two parts. The BPL program that needs to be loaded into the kernel as a control part. On the left part of the finger, it's very simple BPL tracing program. That is triggered when the right system core is initiated. It gets the precise ID that triggered the right request and prints it out. The part of the right is the standard process. Let's talk more about it. BPL application typically goes through the following dash. Open dash BPL object file is passed. BPL maps, BPL programs, and global variables are discovered, but not yet graded. After the BPL app is opened, it's possible to make any attachment adjustments, citing BPL programming tasks if necessary, pre-setting initial values for global values, and so on. Before all the entities are created and loaded, load path, load path, BPL maps are created, various relocations are resolved, BPL program problems are loaded into the kernel and are very feared. At this point, all the paths over BPL application can't and existed in kernel, where no BPL program is yet executed. After the load path, it's possible to set up initial BPL map state without racing with the BPL program called execution. Attachment fast. This is the fast at which BPL programs get attended to various BPL hope points, such as trispoints, K-probes, C-global hooks, network packet, processing pipeline, and so on. This is the fast at which BPL starts performing useful work and read or update BPL maps and global variables. Teardown fast. BPL programs and are detached and loaded from the kernel. BPL maps are destroyed and all the sources used by the BPL app are freed. Generated BPL security has corresponding functions to trigger each fast. Name open, create and open BPL application. Name load, instantiate loads and verifies BPL application parts. Name attach. Attach is all out to attach BPL programs. It's optional. You can have more control by using BPL APIs directly. Name destroy, detach all BPL for programs and freeze up all used resources. We replace the name with minimal, which looks like the picture on the right. In attention to these typical fasts, there are a few small tips about the fasts to share with you. The first is combine the open and load fasts. We mentioned earlier that some setup work can be done after the open fast, but if there are no such requirements, we can compile the load fasts and the open fasts together. The example in the finger comes from the live BPL project, which is used to measure the course or outluma. Selective attach. By default, BPL skeleton will automatically attach all BPL programs, but sometimes we don't want to do this. We'd rather selectively attach certain BPL programs based on common command line parameters, so we can attach minorly as shown in the finger. This is a tool from the live BPL tools project to detect the delay of the block layer. Selective load. Earlier, we mentioned that the program can be attached to minorly, but this has two obvious shortcomings. One is that we load a necessary BPL program. In addition, we can't use standard fasts as well, and the code looks unclear. So the community has a new API to control WISR to load the BPL program automatically. This is a tool from the live BPL project for starting the delay distribution of some WISRs in ESG4. If these two runs as an inversion with kernel and supports model BPL, then we choose to load the F-entry BPL program. Otherwise, we choose to load the key program, custom load and attach. Scannity is suitable for almost all scenarios, but there is a special case. First, events. In this case, instead of using links from struct named BPF, you need to define struct BPF links. The reason is that per event needs to be opened separately on each CPU. After this, open and attach BPF event by yourself. Finally, during the tear down phase, remember to destroy each link in the links and then destroy links. Multiply hundreds for the same event. Starting in version 0.2, label BPF supports multiply entry point BPF programs within the same executable and linkable format sessions. Therefore, you can attach multiply BPF programs to the same event, such as trace points or key roles. This was worrying about ERF session name clash. For details, see as BPF supports BPF to BPF roles. Now, you can naturally define multiply headers for an event action on the right. Before that, you need to define different events for the same event. Reading connoisseurs fields. You may be aware that at present, we have only seen level BPF API related and didn't feel that it has anything to do with the probability of BPF. Then, we will now introduce some programming content related to BPF CRE. Let's first look at how to achieve BPF probability in reading structure members. The first is BCCOA. BCC will conveniently rewrite task point to PID into a core to BPF probability, which is great, though sometimes might not work, depending on the complexity of an expression used with like BPF because it doesn't have BCC code related magic at its disposal. There are a few ways you can achieve the same result. If you are using... Recently, I did BPF program talent tracing BPF programs. Then, you have a smartness of BPF very fair on the outside, which now understands and tracks BPF tabs negatively and allows you to do follow pointers and read column memory directly and simply avoiding BPF for appropriate queries. So, you don't need a compiler rewriting magic to get the same noise and familiar snack list. You can also use BPF and BPF program talent tracing way. Clearing this functionality with BPF CRE to support portable, such as relocatable field rates, you have to include this code into built-in pre-serve exercise index compiler building. You can also use BPF program talent tracing and BPF survey. That's it. It will work as you expect. That will be portable between different kernel versions. But given the bleeding age, the consistency of BPF program talent tracing, you might not have the luxury of using it yet. So, you have to use BPF appropriate accessibility inside, non-CRE, not the behalf way. Now, with CRE and BPF, there are two ways to do this. One directly replacing BPF appropriate and BPF core rate. BPF core rate is a simple macro, which passes all the arguments directly to BPF appropriate. But it also makes a C-long record build or offset relocation for third argument by parsing it through built-in pre-serve exercise index. So, the luckiest example is actually just this under the hood. You may have a question. If the field has been removed from the structure, is there a way to deal with this situation? The answer is yes. You can use BPF core field access macro to do this. Here is an example. From kernel file 0.50, the number of words tracked has changed. So, we can use this to find if it existed. Another scenario that causes BPF capability issues is kernel API changes. For this case, BPF-CRE provides two comparable merge-trade solutions, like BPF-CRE, external kick-config values, and struct flavors. Like BPF-CRE, external is a simple idea. BPF program can define an external variable with a well-known name, such as kernel version, Linux kernel version, to extract on a running kernel version. All names that match is one of the kick-fig KIs. Such as config.hc. Here goes the value of hers. That kernel was built with. And BPF will do its magic to set everything up in such a way that your BPF program can use such external variables as any other global variable. These variables will help track values, matching the actual kernel your BPF program is executed in. Additional, BPF variable will track those variables as known constants and will be able to use them for advanced control flow analysis and that code is emergency. Here is an example of dealing with transparent interface compatibility. After introducing how to deal with BPF compatibility issues, let's take a look at how to pass control information to BPF programs. BCC's approach is achieved through string replacement. Because the BPF program is a string for BCC that can be modified at will. If BCC is not reused, the traditional achieve is to write configuration information into the MIBE. This MIBE search is not efficient. All those information writing into MIBE is static. The BPF error failure can't reorganize the situation, so some optimization can't be made. The solution to such a fundamentally complex use case is though using with only global data. It is site-wise by the control application before the BPF program is loaded into a kernel. From the BPF program site, this looks like a normal global variable exercise. There won't be any BPF map lookup overhead. Global variables are implemented as a directed memory exercise. Control application site, view site initial configuration values before BPF program is loaded. So, by the time BPF will get to the addition of the program, configuration variables will be well known on the read only. This will allow BPF to track them as known system and use as the most control flow analysis. So, here is an example. We can naturally pass some filtered conditions to the BPF program, such as the PID that we want to filter. Next, let's talk about data storage related context. Beginning in the kernel for 0.86, BPF hashing maps perform memory pre-election by default and introduce the BPF at no pre-alog flag. The motivation for doing so is to avoid BPF with a kick group with BPF dead logs. In the end, BPF had tried other solutions that in the end, pre-alogging as a map elements was the simplest solution and didn't affect the user space with full behavior. When full map pre-alogging is to memory expensive, the map makes the BPF at no pre-alog flag to keep old behavior. For details, see BPF map pre-alog. When the map size is not large, such as map entries is 256, this flag is not necessary. BPF at no pre-alog is slower. One of the advantages of BPF tools is that it's portable. So the MyCMM space required for the map may be different for different machines. In this case, you can define the map results by defining the size and resize it before load. For example, in BPF.c, define the map as this after the open-desk called BPF map resize. Not only can you use global variables to constrain my BPF program logic, you can use instead your maps to make your programs simpler and more efficient. Global variables can be analyzed. You just need to set global variables to be a fixed size or at least with the bounded maximum size if you don't want wasting some memory. Because a number of soft RQ tabs is fixed, you can define global errors to cell cones and histogram in soft RQ in BPF.c. Then you can trace the RAM directly in user space. If you want to know more details, you can read the following articles. The first two articles were written by BPF might learn, which is very valuable and tells a lot of knowledge related to principle. The last one was written by me, mainly related to actual compact. If you want to try it out, you can start with four in two projects. About us, PinCamp is a software service provider committed to delivering one stop with various great database solutions. KiteDB is an open source distributed new circle database for elastic skill and real-time analysis. That's all. Thank you.


Dennis says, could someone help me in SharePoint and PowerShell please? We have a group, all employees in SharePoint. The group exists in every SharePoint site. It previously had the permission of contribute. I should change this to read, which worked fine with PowerShell. The background is that form now, and only people should edit files in SharePoint sites who are owner or member. Right. So changing this to read. Okay. Got it. Now is the problem. I didn't know before the difference between member and owner and site member website owner. In our project sites, only member and owner are maintained. Now when I set the all employees group to read, no member can edit files on the SharePoint site anymore. I think I need to change all people who are member to site member, or can I set a permission so that members can edit files? It all has to be done via PowerShell. Does anyone have any idea? Can I just say that Microsoft is thought long and hard about the naming conventions of these different pieces, and how they then go and build their solutions. When you start renaming these pieces, the standard default, not just adding new permission types, new types of users, but modifying the existing ones, you instantly enter the danger zone of future changes, of pushouts and updates from Microsoft. It will cause you nightmares going forward by messing with the out-of-the-box configurations for those things. So very good example of that. I just recently had a client that for some reason in modern created some subsites underneath their intranet and started putting their content. So we had the discussion about they need to be moved up to site collections, all that kind of stuff. They did. However, when they were part of the sub-site structure, they renamed the default groups. Of course they did. So when they migrated the site, the Microsoft 365 groups that are created naturally and everything, they were not able to tie to it. I was able to rename one of them back to the original name and the group associated to it. The owner's one did not work. They literally had to recreate a brand new site and then migrate the content over because one, I couldn't fix the permission level, could not connect it into the group, and two, I had no idea what that was going to cause long-term within that environment. So they had to create a new one, never change the names. My other thing is why the option to create a group called All Employees and SharePoint instead of using all employees except external users that is built in and is more controllable. Why, Dennis? Why? But again, it's one of these things where, well, it's the way that we've done it in the past and we had this and we've used this that Democletures like, yeah, don't do it, learn, adjust to this. Again, going and creating new categories, new types of users within the system and it was specialized permissions. In addition to the out-of-the-box, that's how you can further refine. Don't go and re-architect all of that. Yeah. Not good. I don't think a lot of people understand that Teams is a collaboration tool. Giving someone read access is not collaborative. That's just keeping them up-to-date. They can't be collaborative if they're reading. Which is why Microsoft made the choice. If you need to only read content, that's why it's done at the site level because the site level can be, you can have read there. But they don't also realize as you have read access, if that site is a group site which has Planner and all that kind of stuff, they can't use any of those collaborative tools. They have no access. They will never have access unless they are a member or higher. It's only just a read and they have to do that at the site, not into Teams. Yeah. It seems like they're trying to re-architect behind the scenes instead of setting it up and architecting it using the tools the way that they're made. There's a lot of missing as most questions. There's a lot of missing information in this question too. But where's in a SharePoint? What kind of group? When we're talking about members and owners, are you talking about an M365 group, dynamic or static? Are you a security group? Are you talking about a SharePoint group? Because there's all those different parts and pieces. In the modern architecture, the best way to do this, like Stacy said, is for read, use the everyone but external users group, which would replace your all company or all users group whatever you've got in there, and then simply either use your M365 groups for owners and members and let that go in as the default, or use your SharePoint groups for owners and members, and then just add everyone for read for the site itself. But it sounds like they probably need somebody, and I put this in the notes, maybe hire a professional to come in and do an assessment of your permission structuring, make a recommendation about a re-architect it, and this probably is not best suited for a DIY project. Yeah. I can guarantee with what he's got going on there, people are using sharing links because people can't get to things, so they've already broken the permissions anyway. By using the PowerShell, the PowerShell to change permissions is very, very specific, and if you don't have the correct one, you just broke permissions on things that you really didn't want to break permissions on, so I 100% agree you need to get a permissions matrix report, ran, see what the damage is, and how to resolve the issues. I was going to ask the question for all of the consultants in this meeting. How often do you go in and do this kind of permissions clean up for your clients? Quarterly. We do quarterly maintenance on a number of our clients and run the permission reports. Based off the permission reports, almost quarterly or new clients, we share the fact that people have broken permissions all over using the sharing links and we have disabled it in environments. Ours depends on what the client wants, so we typically do governance with every single client, and some of them want a report annually, some of them want a report every six months, some of them want it quarterly, some of them want it monthly, some of them are overzealous and they go in there like all the time, but it just depends. So typically at the end of the day, this comes back to our governance topic of what risk tolerance do you have and how much time do you have to give to this, but you should have some regular governance meeting on some cadence and one of those steps should be to run a permissions report to understand who's got unique permissions, how many people have unique permissions and external permissions, and then decide how can we get those into groups and get rid of the unique and the externals so that we can start over and keep those at a minimum as much as possible. Yeah, and I would say at a minimum, quarterly, they wanna do it, that's minimum, they wanna do it a year, that's a bit much because within a quarter of time the amount of permissions get screwed up is a lot. Well, I can say from an ISV standpoint, we had so many of our clients that were going and building these kinds of daily, weekly, monthly auditing around permissions across different areas, we built it in standard into our products so the red-core governance did that. So it is, because that's my experience as well from the ISV perspective is that when people are feeling pain and they realize that they have permissions issues that are out there, it might be something that they are looking at daily as they're cleaning up, fixing things and then it gets down to that whatever that governance cadence is. Yeah. So the number one thing I hear when companies go through audits is as soon as a permission situation comes up that permissions is always the top level thing where people have permissions to things they're not supposed to have and content has been shared. So permissions is probably the biggest thing that companies get dinged on all the time and they need to be aware of it and make sure they're staying ahead of it. Because it can be very expensive to fail an audit. It's also so many of the problems that people say I'm having issues, I can't get access or searches that working the way that it all comes down to permissions issues. So it's the first place to go look at this user that's having the issue. Oh, wrong type of license, wrong type of permissions or whatever that is. That's where you start troubleshooting is with permissions.


Now, you know, along those lines, I saw this post on my Facebook feed, and I had to get back to this person. So he's like, yeah, you know all that junk mail that you get, well, here's what you do. You take the reply envelope, and you take the material and put it in the prepaid reply envelope and send it back to them. And I'm like, okay, well, first, that's just kind of a rotten thing to do, because you're making someone's life, yeah, yeah, more difficult, or like, the one that I've seen is, yeah, is, you know, put the reply envelope on a brick, and then they'll charge them, you know, wherever it takes to mail a brick back. Well, actually, they won't. Oh, is that right? Okay, they do charge them to mail the reply envelope. Well, because it's viewed as kind of harassing the mail. Got it. Got it. The person that sent it to you. So they're not going to send a brick back to them and charge them postage for it. But just to mention, if you do want to tell people what you're into and not, and there is the, because the thing is, Dave, people don't want to send you mail that you will never use. Fair. Right? It's just, you know, it's throwing money away. DMA Choice is a website where DMA is the Direct Marketing Association. You can go there and tell them what kind of stuff you want and don't want. That's the right way to do it. Just let me share that. Okay. All right. I'm going to check that out. I'll put it on the list. Thanks, man. That's great. Good.


This time on Partners. It's the 1890 universities of America's land-grant system. From Alabama A&M's unique watershed project on the Flint River, to Prairie View A&M's 4-H efforts in creating the next generation of entrepreneurs, to North Carolina A&T's cutting-edge work with farm-fueled biosensors. These historically black colleges and universities are shaping the future of American agriculture. These are institutions that are willing to serve people, to allow people who otherwise might be denied education, accessibility to that education. Welcome to Partners. In the next half hour, we'll travel the nation and see breakthrough work in research, education, and extension. That's what CSR EES is all about, helping universities generate valuable knowledge for those who need it, and educating our next generation of Americans. And now, it's time for Partners. In the terror and chaos of America's civil war, a surprising revolution in higher education began. In 1862, Congress passed legislation called the Morrill Act. It granted each state public lands to help establish and endow, in the words of Vermont Congressman Justin Smith Morrill, colleges for the benefit of agriculture and mechanic arts. These institutions of higher learning came to be known as land grant schools, and the Morrill Act was responsible for laying the foundation for public education through a national system of state colleges and universities. Its intent was to provide education to American children who could never hope to attend private schools. But in post-Civil War America, the system did not benefit all. It doesn't initially benefit the freed slaves because the schools that are established are segregationist schools, and only whites attend those schools. So while blacks might have thought they were going to benefit, it was the whites, and in specific working-class, lower-class whites who benefit from the establishment of these schools that made higher education more accessible. There was only one school created to serve the freed slaves, the blacks, and that was Alcorn State in Mississippi. Then you really see that the majority of the schools at that time that are created the land grant schools are servicing a white population, and there has to be a second Morrill Act, and that comes in 1890. Since African-Americans were denied admission to the 1862 land grants, Congress passed the Morrill Act of 1890. That resulted in additional land grant colleges located primarily in the south. What you see there is that 18 historically black colleges and universities are created with the passage of the second act, which is really an attempt to redress a remedy, the failings of the first Morrill Act. When they were founded with the focus on agriculture, people assumed tractors and holes and land. But nowadays agriculture has become high-tech. We are involved in robotics. We are involved in research and food science. We are involved in issues of health. We are involved in environmental science. So it's not education in a vacuum. It's education with a purpose, a national purpose in mind. In the next half hour, partners explores the efforts of these unique universities and with funding from the Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, the 1890 land grant schools are making a difference in communities across the country. Today, this group is preparing for a trip on the Flint River. The waterway runs through scenic northeast Alabama and the bustling city of Huntsville. These folks are members of the Flint River Conservation Association. Their mission is to safeguard these waters and its valuable watershed, the surrounding lands that form the local drainage area. The Flint is a wonderful river. I like it because it is so close, it's a wilderness area close to an urban site. We actually get most of our drinking water from this river. Susan Weber is the Association's special projects chairman. At her day job, she's the city ecologist for Huntsville. We had a study done. NASA has said that by 2020, the county of Madison will be at 50% buildout, which is going to be disastrous for water quality of all our streams in Madison County, the Flint River being the largest. While the group enjoys the journey today, their work is never really far away. Picking up trash is an expected part of the trip, a duty they practice en masse during their annual river cleanup. Our mission is to improve the water quality of the Flint River, so in more of a large picture, we're trying to make people more and more aware of our own roles in non-point source pollution. We all have a role in that. But we are seeing some impacts from agriculture and from development, mostly in the form of sediment. So where people are not doing no-till farming and where we are getting new developments that aren't following best management practices, we do have a serious problem with sediment. Along with the sediment, of course, we get heavy metals and other things that are attached to the clay particles. It is the unseen non-point source pollution that is currently the biggest threat to the Flint's future. To get a handle on the current state of the Flint, Dr. Teferi Sagai from Alabama A&M University, the 1890 land grant school in Huntsville, is monitoring the river's water quality. He and his staff have placed remote sensing stations in aquatic environments throughout the watershed. Today, however, Teferi and his students are gathering data with a handheld device. This tube, called a sown, is carefully submerged into the Flint. Inside are sensors that measure a number of factors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and chlorophyll. This is a pH 7.6. Part of my job is to train students, especially African-American students. Besides USGS, no one is monitoring the water quality in the Flint River watershed. In general, we see a lot of pollution in this watershed. The nutrient level is low, relatively, in the last two years when we did this research, but there are some high level of lead and some other heavy metals. You see high level of fecal coliform, depending what season. His research and what we've gotten from the USGS and from TVA and from research from our own water monitors, we have an idea of where the problem areas are and what needs to be done about them, and we've established all this information in the Flint River watershed management plan. Teferi and crew return to the Alabama A&M campus. At the labs, the data gathered from the Flint is downloaded into a computer. This is the home of the Center for Hydrology, Soil Climatology, and Remote Sensing. The staff here is working on a number of projects beyond the Flint River. Remote sensing will allow you to see things where you cannot see before. If there is drought, we can clearly see where the drought is originating, you know, and we can quickly take some action, and we can, by estimating soil moisture where it is and how much it is in the soil, that will allow us when to irrigate a field or when to drain a field. We are unique because we are the only African-American institution advancing the soil moisture work in this field. So that makes Alabama A&M unique and our center unique, and I'm getting good support from CSRES in terms of getting additional grants to continue this research. The farmers, they can benefit, you know, how to do precision farming. That means they can precisely apply chemicals, precisely apply water or irrigate a field. That means they are going to cut down their cost. One of those farmers benefiting from Alabama A&M's research is David Hodges. He runs a farm in Guntersville, some 40 miles away from campus. Environmental rules and regulations have come into play more prevalent than they were in the past, and we're trying to be good stewards here at the land. And with those challenges here, it requires a lot more day-to-day management and a lot more tweaking of operational decisions. To help David and other area farmers, Teferi and staff have installed weather stations in five counties in Alabama and three in Tennessee. This one here is actually located on Hodges Farmland. The system, called Alabama Mesonet, collects data on soil moisture, air and soil temperature, rainfall, and wind and speed direction. USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service National Water and Climate Center and NASA have partnered with Alabama A&M in the project. Continuous data, recorded at 15-minute intervals, gives farmers valuable local environmental information. Huntsville, Alabama has some great weather stations, but they are in Huntsville, Alabama with two mountains between us, and we also have a lake. We may get an inch of rain here and Huntsville may be high and dry. So by having a weather station right here located on this farm, we're able to get exact data at exact time. Without it, it's a hit or miss. With this data, we have our soil temperature, it's right to plant, we have our moisture, it's dry enough to get into the fields. It takes a lot of the guesswork out, and without institutions like A&M, the new technologies would never be able to make it to the farm. Back on the Flint, the group is finishing the last of the day's cleanup. Alabama A&M's remote sensing technology will help them plan for proper watershed development in the future. For Teferi Sagai, his work has just begun, on the Flint River and on the weather station project. This is a challenge. Every day we are facing new things. I'm ambitious and I am trying to expand this network of weather stations throughout the state. So I'm hoping with the support from USDA and other agencies, this can happen and we can reach other people in the state of Alabama. Tuskegee University, an 1890 land grant, started an agricultural experiment station in 1897. It's director, Dr. George Washington Carver. Our business arcade stop has been going on for about two years already. And we made some pretty good money. Samantha Pimpedli attends Horace Mann Junior High School. She and her partners have started a business called Arcade Stop. Students can choose from a number of video games and for a fee, play them on the game consoles. Our first step was thinking of like, how many consoles do we need and what type of games would people be interested in and what type of age group would we want to attract? I learned partnership and how to run a business and the targeting and everything, it was great. We're trying to teach them how to work cooperatively together but they don't know the importance of it being a team member and when they get into the business world, everything now is a team. They've learned how to work out problems, problem solving, lots of problem solving. Patrice Barnes heads the 4-H Youth Development Program in San Antonio for Prairing View A&M University, Texas' 1890 land grant school. Since 1998, she has focused on T-Teams, the Texas Teams Exploring Entrepreneurial Minds Project. In the past five years, T-Teams has reached over 1,000 students in inner city schools. Annually, the young entrepreneurs strut their stuff at the 4-H Youth Trade Show. Here they set up booths, sell products and services and are awarded prizes. T-Teams offers the kids a positive outlook on life from what they're accustomed to in their poverty-stricken neighborhoods. It provides them with another avenue, another chance, another positive door that they can open and also shows them a way to make money in a positive way. The students that we work with, they are ethnic students, Hispanic and black students. They come from economically challenged neighborhoods and some of them live in what we as known as the projects and some live with their aunts or uncles. Neighborhoods are really poor. You may see graffiti on the walls or you may see kids in gangs and those kinds of things. T-Teams businesses are as diverse as the project's participants. They range from hair braiding to lawn care, from t-shirt shops to candle making. In the process, the kids learn fundamental business skills of organization, marketing and economics. One recent project was started by two students from Sam Houston High School. The name of our business is Just Westlow and it's a car business and we just like trading cars with our friends and stuff so we just decided to make a business out of it. It's our business plan right here. We have our company name, our benefits, it's just having fun and our products and our target is young people and old sports fans. We just had a lot of fun, just us being together. It's always a lot of fun so sometimes you get on my nerve but it's alright though. I see them walking away with self-esteem, a knowledge about a career option they had no clue of. I see them gaining reading skills, organizational skills, management skills and these are skills that they've learned in managing their own businesses but these are also skills that they can take with them into their future careers in their lives. There's one student in particular and his name is Clifford Jefferson. He was a very shy student, had a monotone voice, always had his head down every time I saw him. It was about three years into the program that I got a chance to observe him being interviewed by Channel 9 News here in San Antonio at one of the trade show events and if you could see him he had a nice suit on he was talking to the newscaster with so much confidence and to see a child go from one area and develop into something that you could not possibly imagine really worthwhile singing in your time of career. Since CSR EES began in 1994, the agency has granted nearly one billion dollars to the 1890 land grant universities. The Delta country is a beautiful land in a natural state. We have a lot of water, it's a flat land. We don't see a lot of mountains but we have a lot of river and lakes where we can do a lot of hunting and fishing, fishing is really part of the culture here in Arkansas. We have also a lot of agriculture, we have cotton, we have rice, soybean, corn. Steve Palmer-Lew is a research assistant with the University of Arkansas Pine Bluff or UAPB. Most of his time is spent in the field working on the 1890 land grant's Baitfish verification program. The project's goal is to verify the recommendations for effective aquaculture based on the university's research findings. Most of the research conducted at UAPB is done in small research ponds of about 10th or quarter acres as opposed to commercial ponds that are over 10 acres. So we want to apply the results of the research conducted at the university into commercial scale ponds. One of the producers that Steve is working with is Harold Saul, a second generation fish farmer. Together they've tackled some difficult problems helping Harold stay profitable in the competitive world of baitfish production. I love the personal interaction with the farmers and really be able to help farmers and keeping them in business and this is all what it's all about. What they've done for us is took out a lot of guesswork both the verification program and what they've done they've got us more accuracy. Coming up with better feeds, better formulas for feeds for us to feed our fish and grow our fish more economically. Naturally if we can grow, get more production out of less feed the better. They are the only research center in Arkansas that we can get a verification on our fish to be safe to ship out of state and if we can't ship out of state we're out of business. It's that simple. The baitfish verification program that Harold and others are involved with is based on the work of Nathan Stone and others at UAPB. The team has done extensive research with a fish called the Golden Shiner. Nathan is now turning his attention to the rosy red minnow.  We'd like to have nutritionally sound brooders and then that would translate into larger eggs, higher quality eggs and better fry. The fry is the little baby fish, the one that just hatches from the egg. We're hoping that it will reduce their costs and make it more efficient. I mean really the spawning rearing pond method you get a mix of sizes and it's fairly inefficient with a jar hatching we could turn out even aged fish and then could it go into the feeder market or be a lot more predictable for producers. For some this exceptional effort may appear disproportionate for simply meeting the leisurely needs of those anglers but the economic impact goes way beyond the fish farms and river banks of the state. Arkansas is the leading producer of farm raised bait fish in the United States about 23 million by the census of aquaculture but there's a multiplier effect of 6 to 7 fold here in the local community it creates a lot of jobs the feeds that go into bait fish things like soybean meal and cottonseed meal products raised here in Arkansas and of course there's a 10 to 15 fold economic multiplier when you go to the retail markets so it generates a lot of income. There's been very fast adoption of the practices from our research recommendations and also the farms are very progressive and so I think some of the yields and survivals have been excellent. We really depend on USDA and CSREES for the funding and the research support it's matched by state dollars here in Arkansas and that's really enabled us to support the fish farmers here in Arkansas it's really what the purpose of a land grant is and that's what we believe we're doing. In addition to the University of Arkansas Pine Bluff, these 1890 land grants have active aquaculture research centers. Salmonella was our focus along with another bacteria and those two are foodborne bacteria commonly found in poultry. Anarchy line is a major poultry nation. Mohammed Ahmedna is a food scientist at North Carolina A&T State University. He and his research team are working on ways to detect contamination early so that the public can avoid foodborne illness. And the stakes are high. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has estimated that Salmonella infections are responsible for nearly 1.5 million illnesses annually. And more than 16,000 hospitalizations add nearly 600 deaths. The economic repercussions are in the billions of dollars due to lost productivity. North Carolina A&T was well positioned to work with the poultry industry to solve this problem, considering the University's long history helping local farmers. Speed through technology might just prove to be the answer. In short, a biosensor is basically that detects biological organisms such as Salmonella or any other bacteria leaving things. The biosensor is basically enable you to have the speed that you don't have with traditional methods. So speed is an issue and also portability and cost. This instrumentation may look simple, but tests to date have shown that it can rapidly detect Salmonella. Currently, industry methods for foodborne bacteria detection can take several days. This biosensor unit, once refined, may deliver results in just a few hours. The payoff for consumers is a safer food supply because of early detection and CSRES has been instrumental in getting this line of research going. We have gotten a grant that started this research and our ultimate aim is to have it licensed to a company the university has filed for a patent for the technology and we have had some interest from a couple of companies. In the meantime, Mohammed and his staff are looking at other aspects of biosensor technology that may have impact far beyond the poultry farm. The work that Mohammed is doing is looking at pathogens and other kinds of disease organisms that may affect our food supply and other kinds of projects related to primarily minority farm workers and their health concerns. It's geared towards populations that have been underserved and their health and safety concerns have often not been considered enough so in that sense it's extremely important. It is here at a field station of the North Carolina Agro Medicine Institute that Mohammed plans to test remote biosensors in actual farm field conditions. This instrument platform now being tested by the institute will allow for real-time transmission of data through GPS satellite communications. It is self-sufficient with all instrumentation being powered by batteries charged by the sun and it has potential for agro-terrorism applications. They're working a lot on making sure that our food supply is safe, non-contaminated either from an induced terrorist activity or from natural pathogens that can occur. Ten miles away at the institute's office center the data is received real-time mostly weather conditions are now being transmitted but when North Carolina ANTs biosensors are added to the platform critical biological detection will also be available. What the machine now is ready for is real-life applications and for either researchers like Mohammed to realize in their research or for commercial or governmental or what I have you applications in the field. Your happy day is a day where you feel like yes I think I'm on to something and hopefully that's what I am right now. I feel that our job as scientists is to give back to the community and play a role in making the lives of our citizens better. From remote sensing research at Alabama A&M to youth entrepreneur programs at Prairie View A&M from the aquaculture endeavors at the University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff to food safety experiments at North Carolina A&T 1890 institutions are making their mark across the country and CSREES is determined to continue support of these historically black colleges and universities. On the next partners, it's the National Research Initiative. In California, UC Davis scientists are unlocking the secrets of wheat by mapping its complex genomes. It's vital information that promises benefits for both farmers and consumers. And in Mississippi, researchers are exploring the medicinal wonders of the May Apple, a wild plant that produces critical chemicals used in today's anti-cancer medicines. That's all next time on partners. Information on 1890 land grants and other partners episodes log on to this website.