to the creative life from the American Creativity Association on Think Tech, Hawaii. I'm your host, Phyllis Bleath. I'm president of the American Creativity Association. The title of today's show is Creative Thinking in Education. Joining me today is a very special guest for the American Creativity Association because it's Dr. Joyce Juntun. She is the founding board member and first executive director of the American Creativity Association, which was founded in 1988 when she was still teaching gifted and talented classes in Minnesota. Today, Dr. Juntun continues to serve on the board and her day job is as an instructional professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at Texas A&M University. Along with those duties, she is program coordinator for the undergraduate degree in creative studies and the master's degree in creativity and cognition. Her current research focus, however, it goes even further. It is on building academic success in high-ability students who are raised in poverty. Thus, Dr. Juntun is a subject matter expert in our topic today. Along with her work, she has published several classroom activity books for teachers on ways to develop creative thinking within the content areas and numerous books on the subject. So with that, Joyce, welcome. Thank you, speaker. Yes, and do you remember when we first met? Oh, one of my first trips to the Austin area took me in ISD. That's right, I'm gonna take a moment and tell my story with you because it's so powerful and it got us to where we are today. So you did come to the EISD and I had a five-year-old. My oldest was five at the time and only one. And I went over for a brown back that you held for us parents for gifted students. And he was brand new in the program. And there we all were. And at the end of about an hour and a half, you were just dazzling in the ways that creativity can be taught. And I had never understood creativity as anything, but if you were either born with it or you weren't. And I often associated with art, which I was terrible at. And so I just thought I was a creator. And I left that brown bag with this such an aha that I booked myself on the very next conference at the American Creativity Association that was held in St. Paul, Minnesota. I was the only one that I knew who went, I went by myself, checked into my hotel, I went to the conference and there you were. And I walked up to you and I said, you came to Eames and I met you. And here I am, I don't know what this is all about, but you so inspired me. And I said, but I'm not creative. I can only really, I'm just an organizer. And you said, well, Phyllis, what we created is me badly is organizer. And so whatever you wanna do, you should do it. And I said, well, I wanna start a chapter. She said, do it, do it. And that I have never left the American Creativity Association today I'm president. Now, that was, let's see, that was 1995. So it's been a long while. So here you are talking about this subject. How come you chose it for today's show and what gets you so fired up about it? Well, actually in turn, I was privileged to have a principal who understood how to really make this happen in the schools. And I even find today what happens is really one of three things usually happens in the school. Sometimes people, as you refer to say, oh, I'm doing creativity if I add an art project to something in my costume. Others do creativity of what we call formally. They have formal lessons in creativity. But that principal, he was so smart, he wanted us to understand that creativity was a way of thinking and therefore we had to embed it within the content we were teaching. It was a part of social science, part of language arts and so on. And it was that understanding that I realized why many teachers and many schools would like to do things with creativity but don't always go about it a way that has a lasting impression and a lasting result. They do it the shortcut way. So I wanted to kind of take this opportunity then today to kind of share what are some of the things we did or that principal helped us do and help us understand that made creativity something that lasts forever. In fact, I get notes up for me, this started in mid 70s. I get notes on then from students I had in a second grade classroom that still have those tools and still use them in their adult careers. So that was what we were going for. It's something that creativity is your birthright. Every single human being has it. Whether you develop it or do not develop it, that part's up to you. And so this principal helped us understand if we did it as the way we taught content it would have a lasting result rather than something that just happened in that classroom at that time and it was gone the next time. That is just so interesting. I get the sense because I later got involved in gifted education as well and started a parent support group for it. And at the time there was the Texas Association of Gifted and Talented and there was a National Association for Gifted and Talented. So there were some circles within circles for supporting what became really ways to encourage creativity because there is a lot of synergy there and maybe you want to talk about it. But what I'm getting the sense of is that you were a classroom teacher, K-12 and you were getting, this was not your day job to teach creative thinking. So you were creating, carving out a new subject matter that it sounds to me like you can correct me that you were developing a curriculum and a focus on something that was polonically involved with whatever your current content was. And you were looking for support. At the same time, I think you have some books that help teachers. I mean, I think you were a pioneer is what I'm hearing in creative thinking skills as a tool to learn in your classroom and also to give teachers a way to bring it into the classroom. And Matt, if you'd show the slide on these workbooks that Dr. Juntun has developed over the years, now that's a lot. I have two of them here. One of them is developing creative thinking which is just sort of the one-on-one. I also have one creative thinking with foods. And for those who are watching this that can pause the recording and that can take a look at the various ways that you have out of whole cloth, I think, been a pioneer in bringing this very topic of today to everyone. And what do you think about that? I know I could go on. Well, actually the pioneer was my principal. I mean, I've often said he was a principal at the right time in my teaching career. Creative thinking has been around for a long time. But what the principal did was two kinds of things. First of all, he brought to our school Dr. Paul Torrance with his basic elements of creative thinking. Dr. Calvin Taylor, who had what he called the multiple talents of thinking became talents unlimited. We looked at Frank Williams' teaching strategies, creative plans, this problem solving process and we kind of put it all together. But it was a principal's purpose to say, this will happen in your classroom. Now, I learned one of the first things I learned actually, Dr. Calvin Taylor sent a teacher from Utah to our school. And I think it's always funny because she volunteered to be in classrooms and nobody volunteered for her right away and I went, oh, I'll take you. And so she came in and she did an example of one of Torrance's basic creative thinking strategies. And my principal came walking by the door and he just opened it and he said, how's it going? And I said, I can do this. And he turned around and looked at me and he said, then do it. And that is kind of what started me. Then after that, I actually left the classroom to lead it within our schools. And so those books came out of the fact that we focus on different content areas at different times because the principal wanted to do which is, as you mentioned, similar and gifted. We were not to teach creativity as an add-on.  Instead of how you normally do, how can you do that same review using creative thinking? Instead of how you normally teach this, how can you use creative thinking? Those are a couple of things that were very important. The first thing was since we wanted to empower students to be their own creative thinkers, we labeled everything we did by the correct name of the strategy. We explained, what does that strategy do? Then we did it within a content area. And the goal was that students can be a creative thinker when you're not around because what I see happening a lot of times is students do wonderful things with the right teacher who is guiding it. Our goal was, if that teacher goes and you have a substitute, if you go on to and move to another school, it's not doing you, do you still know what to do? And one of our kind of groups kind of came in a way. I remember one day there was a substitute teacher who was trying to teach something and this was in a fifth grade classroom. And all of a sudden one of the students raised his hand and he says, you know, we need some originality there. You just go over to the side, I know what to do. And he goes up and he says to the rest of us, okay, we know what to do. And so we always started up with the thinking warm-up. Dr. Paul Torrance talks about that.  So he looked around and says, all right, what should we do about warm-up? And somebody suggested something and then he did it. And then he turned around and said, okay, now for our lesson today, the way this works is you went on and did it and the whole class participated. He got that, he looked at the sub, he said, that's how it works. And he went and sat down. And so that was what the principal was saying. Do they need the teacher to be a creative thinker or have we done our job in such a way they don't need us? They can still be a creative thinker. And I think that's kind of one of the key things that has happened. Doesn't happen overnight? It takes several years of working on this, but the goal was accomplished. Okay, so I heard two things and I wanna maybe build on it.  And when you first got introduced, you talked about principles that the teachers could learn to introduce creative thinking in the classroom. And I wonder is originality one of them? And I know this is not a class in creative thinking today, but if you could give some examples, some hardcore examples of what those principles are that the audience today could think about and get their teeth in, I would appreciate that. So is originality one of them? Well, it's not, there are whole torrents or basic elements of creativity, which most people know about fluency, flexibility, originality, liberation. Okay, I don't remember. We combine so many things together that actually I would tell my students at the end of the year, which by the way, we call these things their bucket of tools. And we said to, we're gonna give you a bucket of thinking tools. And to my students, I said, I'm gonna give you 36 different creative thinking tools this year.  You're gonna know how to use them. But guess what? Over your lifetime, you're gonna add hundreds more to that bucket. And you want a bucket because no tool works every time and every situation. So when we face a challenge, you have to be able to say, what's in my bucket that will help me?  So the only reason that that was one of the, as is now the strategies, but remember we did a whole realm of them. And so it was just that when we started, we started with the Paul Torrance elements and then we moved on from there. Okay. Could you repeat them the four? Cause I don't think every- The four basic elements. Yeah. And most people that are familiar with creativity, unfortunately these are the only things they know and they miss all the other strategies and that becomes the sad part. So Paul Torrance, has he developed the ways to major fluency, flexibility, originality, and liberation. And you will see those in Calvin Taylor's work. You will see that talk about it and Cindy Karn's work because those are the things people often think about first. But remember for us, because kind of the way we did it was, we would introduce some of our faculty members. We had what we called the, I called it the drip method versus Niagara Falls. Now what happens when people want to make a change, they often do Niagara Falls, which means they just flood people with information. They flood them with so much information, they walk away with nothing. So Mr. Bronis, my principal had this idea that we would have 15 minutes of each faculty meeting devoted to one thing teachers could do in the classroom. And they would come in, we'd introduce the one thing, we'd explain what it did, what was the label, what did it do, we'd try out something with it and we'd have a short discussion on how can you use this in math, science, social science, et cetera. Then they had the week to use it. And Mr. Bronis said the goal was, teachers would leave the faculty meeting knowing something they could do in their classroom that week without ever having to take one note. And that's what became the powerful thing. Drip, drip, drip, drip.  It wasn't just a month here and a month then, it wasn't like a day before school started, let's go for six hours and be wonderful. It was drip, drip, drip, drip, drip. And so that's what I think made the difference in teachers being able to grab it and to use it because we did it by drips instead of Niagara Falls. Okay, so you're reminding me of sitting in that brown bag with you and I just wanna share with the watching audience and with you because this is a small kind of thing. And yet it just impacted me so much about how I was leaving my own creative thinking on the table when I tried to do something. You said, I'm gonna teach you brainstorming and I'd heard a brainstorm, but it was a thing. You said, everybody gather a piece of paper and write down 10 things that you can do with this book. So then we all wrote it down, we're all happy that was fun. Now you said, throw the paper away and write 10 more.  So we all wrote our next list of 10 and then you smiled and you said, how for those in your room, how hard was the second 10 for you? And a lot of people were saying, you know, why did you do that? I mean, I was running out at nine and you said, people really do groan. You said, people think that they're being creative when they've come up with three solutions to something and what their creativity exists of is toggling between the first thing they think to do to the second to the third. And then they're tired and they're done. They think it's thought of everything and they go back to the first and their idea of being creative is to keep rotating between the only three things that they come up with in that list, you know, the first list.  But I grew, I learned, I knew, I mean, we got silly. And then you said, well, silly is breakthrough. Silly gets to innovation. And then you said, and you're not supposed to judge anything in brainstorming. There's no wrong answer. And you said that was really important. So I don't know if I'm feeding back to you what, you know, what those teachers are going through in a conference because just that exercise for me and I want other people to know too, if you try it, you're going to feel stretching in your brain and you're not going to like it. I didn't because I feel like I've got to come up with the right answer. But I did realize that there was a whole world that I could stretch and move into to be more creative and you just demonstrated it. Well, and there's not two students the way we explained it. And I explained to my students every year is there is a wall and the way I would tell the students is this, when the students write some answers down to an idea and then they'll go, I'm done.  And then I would tell them, now all the great things in the world on the other side of the wall, but you have to decide whether you're going over the wall or not. See, that's one of the key things about creative thinking. You can choose to be a creative thinker. You can choose not to be creative thinker. No one can make you a creative thinker, it's your choice. So when a student would say an assignment, I'm done. I would just gently look at them and say, are you done or are you just stopping at the wall? And if they say, I'm done, I would say fine because I can't make them. But I tell them, if you choose to go over the wall, I am here to help you have strategies to go over the wall.   And when you talk about silly ideas, I think though, and it came from Sydney Barnes would often say it is easier to tame a wild idea than to make a blah idea exciting. And so that's why we look at the fact and say that it's many times, I tell my students now, even at the college level when we're talking about this, that many creative ideas are raw or. And so they're just the raw or they haven't been refined. And part of what we do after we look at those ideas, we say which ones have possibilities and then we work to refine them. So no beginning idea is a finished idea. It's just a beginning idea. Not to tell you about why this became so powerful for the teacher, because Mr. Brown is not only to his credit as a principal, would you believe he participated in everything we did for professional development. He didn't sit and watch those 50 minutes. He sat down at a table of teachers and actually participated with them. So he understood. Then guess what he did? He used them in the faculty meetings and we should do in the classroom. So he might say to them, you know what? I think we need a little forced relationships here. And so he would bring up the challenge that we had. He would tell us the strategy we were going to use. And then he would guide us as he was, as if he were the teacher through the activity with the faculty. And so it helped all the faculty members to say this is something we do to the kids. This is something we all do to change the way that we think. And we did find out, which is not surprising, that the greater the level the teacher had of the understanding of creativity, the easier it was for his or her to encourage that in the classroom. I remember a teacher. I think she was the first grade teacher. Susie came to me and the first year we were doing something, she said, oh, my students are horrible. They're just, they're not good at thinking. They're just awful. And I had to go to, my job was to go into the room, help you do it, all that. So we did that kind of thing. So I remember the second year, Susie came back and she said, wow. You know, this year I got some really good students. They're obviously fantastic. And I looked at her and I said, Susie, you're a better thinker this year than you would wish. You understand them all. And she goes, yeah, yeah. I said, see, when you understand what's like to think that way, it is easier to help your students understand. And that's one thing I feel badly about in schools today. We often have teachers do things to the students, rather than help them learn how to use all these kinds of things themselves in their own life. And then that would translate to better use of the classroom. Wow. You know, we really need a couple of hours with this because I wanna make sure that we get some of the core principles in that you are so passionate about. And one thing I'm gonna just kind of feed back to you. You said to me, Phyllis, we're not gonna be talking about creativity today or doing like, if you had a classroom where you had the kids building, you know, drawing or coloring or building things creatively, that that's doing a creative activity and that is distinct and separate from this creative thinking skills that you wanna instill into people and starting in the classroom. And I just wanted to separate that out. And I wanna leave people with the idea that with resources, you know, where do they go from here? You have two degrees, degree tracks at Texas A&M and creativity, but as far as I know, they're very rare. I mean, aren't there only a couple of higher education institutions that even get degrees in creativity? Yeah, and we're talking a very specific thing. We're talking about how it happens in schools. When students come to study creativity, you're, I mean, I have people from the military, I have people from corporations, I have artists, whatever. So you're looking at creativity more generally. But we're talking about, and what I most want people to see is when you want to have to have it in the school, it needs to come in bits and pieces with good support and it needs to happen over and over and over again. And I know you want, so I know you want examples. So let me give you a couple of examples. Okay, we've got one minute. We talk about this comprehension and review. And so for example, one of the review things I did at the elaboration, I would have students start with a three word sentence, a wind, blue. And then they had to rewrite that five times, dropping one word, adding two. And then they had to identify the parts of speech in all five sentences. So they, see that's an example, I used the elaboration and I used parts of speech. Or the teacher that used fluency is introducing a comprehension.  Tonight, I want you to listen.  And the next day when she said, tell me about your pictures, she wrote every one of those words on the board. And then she showed them about how there's two balls, you cross out one, you hear the sound of the other and that's the word she used to teach them about long old. Oh, you know, all I can do, I think, thank you so much. Being in the room with Dr. Joyce Juntun is such a privilege. And this is the area, this is your core value in the world and inspiration. And I think I should leave the viewers with the idea, look up the American Creativity Association, www.actcreatively.org. Dr. Juntun is on the board today. You can reach out to us. There are more creative life shows in the library at Think Tech Hawaii and on our website. And you reach out to us, ask questions. If you wanna start something in your area for local teachers or parents to support teachers, this idea of how to teach creative thinking, reach out to us and you can be directed to Dr. Juntun if this is your passion too. And with that, I will have to leave it there. You all have been watching The Creative Life on Think Tech Hawaii today. And we have been discussing creative thinking and education with our guest Dr. Joyce Juntun from Texas A&M. Thank you so much for participating and thank you to the viewers for tuning in. I'm Phyllis Bles, we will be back in two weeks with another edition of The Creative Life. Aloha. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn and donate to us at thinktechhawaii.com. Mahalo.


Hello and welcome back. This is the second part of our two part lecture on recursive functions. Here is a quick recap of some of the relevant topics we have already studied. We have seen the use of simple functions in programs, the contract centric view of programming with functions, how control flows when functions are called and when they return, the use of activation records and call stacks, parameter passing both by value and by reference and we have also seen recursive functions in the last lecture. In this lecture, we are going to see how when you are trying to design recursive functions there are certain issues like termination and recursive changing of parameters that you should be careful about and we are also going to see a very brief comparison of implementing a solution via recursion or via iteration. Some examples in this lecture are from the book An Introduction to Programming through C++ by Aviram Giranade published by McGraw Hill Education in the year 2014. All such examples will be indicated in slides with the citation AGR book. Let us go back to the encoding example that we have been studying in the last few lectures. We want to sort quiz 1 and quiz 2 marks of CS 101 students but in an encoded form. The encoding is given by encode of m, n is 2 raised to m times 3 raised to n. All marks are assumed to be integers in the range 1 through 10 and in the last lecture on recursive functions we have seen that we can basically think of this encode function specified recursively in this manner where in order to compute encode m, n I could compute encode m, n minus 1 if both m and n were greater than 1 and multiply the result by 3. If n is equal to 1 I could compute encode m minus 1, 1 and multiply the result by 2 if m was greater than 1 and if both m and n are equal to 1 I can get result directly as 2 times 3 that is 6. We have also seen that the previous view of the encode function naturally lends itself to a recursive solution using C++ and here in this program this is the new encoding function which recursively calls itself using the same recursive formulation that we just saw. Now given this recursive solution one might ask that are we really sure that every invocation of new n that satisfies the precondition. Here our precondition is that both q 1 marks and q 2 marks lie between 1 and 10 but even if q 1 marks and q 2 marks always lie between 1 and 10 are we really sure that every invocation of new n is eventually going to terminate. Since new n is calling itself from within it therefore could it be the case that one invocation of new n calls another invocation of new n which in turn calls another invocation of new n and this process continues forever without the program ever terminating. So when we deal with recursive programs, recursive functions we have to be able to answer such questions. So there are certain caveats that you must be aware of when you are using recursive functions. The first is you must specify how to terminate the recursion otherwise this business of calling a function from within itself can go on forever. The second very important fact is that when you invoke a recursive function and within that function when you call that same function again you must be changing the parameters. If you did not change the parameters then this will be an infinite recursion. But when you changing the parameters you have to be careful about how you are changing them. You must change them in an orderly way such that you are guaranteed that the recursion eventually terminates by reaching this termination condition. So for example if I looked at this formulation of the function n code this gives us the termination case when both m and n are 1 I do not need to recursively call n code again I can terminate by returning the value 6 and this other part tells you how when a recursive call is made to compute the function n code how the values of the parameters change. And in this case note that if both m and n are greater than 1 n is decremented so n will continue to decrement until it reaches 1 and when n becomes equal to 1 and m is still greater than 1 then m is decremented so m will continue to decrement until both m and n become 1 in which case you would have reached the termination case of the recursion. So it is very important to change the parameters in an orderly way to ensure termination. So in general what you have to do when you are trying to design a recursive function is that you have to think of all possible valuations of the parameters ordered in some manner with a fixed end and we are going to identify this end with the termination. Now when you call this recursive function with a specific value of parameters you are at some point along this ordering and the recursion must change the values of the parameters in such a way that you move along this ordering monotonically towards this fixed end where you know that the recursion is going to terminate. In the context of our example we had two parameters m and n which took values between 1 and 10. So I could represent the different combinations of values as points in the grid over here I have not shown all the values up to 10 over here for the sake of clarity. This grid point here constitutes the termination case when we are here the recursion terminates and let us say that we are trying to compute n code 4, 3 so we are at this point of the grid. So how do we go about computing it? Let us take a look at the function that we have already seen earlier if both m and n are greater than 1 I will decrement n and when n becomes equal to 1 I will decrement n. So that is what we are going to do. We are going to decrement n first and reach this point 4, 2 we are going to decrement n again reach 4, 1 then decrement m reach 3, 1 then decrement m reach 2, 1 and finally reach 1, 1 in which case we have terminated. So what you might have noticed is that we systematically came down in this direction and then we systematically moved in this direction to reach the termination case and it does not matter which grid point you start from if you just come down vertically until you reach the m axis and then you come horizontally until you reach the 1, 1 point you are always going to terminate. So in more abstract terms or in more mathematical terms what we are really saying is that the values of the parameters must have an ordering among them which should be a well founded ordering. If you do not know what well founded ordering is it is fine just remember that the values of the parameters must be ordered in a certain way and in this ordering there must be a least element. Given any invocation of the recursive function with a certain valuation of parameters we are at some point along this ordering and the recursive calls must monotonically change the values of these parameters such that we move along this ordering towards the least element and the least element the fixed end of the ordering should be the termination case. So this is what you got to ensure when you are designing a recursive function. For example the same encode function 2 raise to m times 3 raise to n can also be thought of specified as specified recursively in this manner. Here instead of decreasing n I am actually increasing n and therefore I have to reduce the value by dividing it by 3 similarly here I am increasing m and then dividing by 2. Well these are also recursive formulations and this is of course the termination case this is fine. However for these recursive formulations we have a problem given a value of m comma n here the value of n is going to continue to increase here the value of m is going to continue to increase and we will not reach the fixed end of the termination case. So here although there is a recursive formulation the parameters are being changed in a way that does not ensure termination. So this is a bad recursive design if you use this recursive function then you are not going to terminate in general. So this is pictorially depicting what would happen if you use that bad recursive formulation starting from a point you would either increase n or increase m and you would be moving away from this termination case. Now we have seen the encoding example solved through recursion here is another simple example of recursion being put to use given n we want to compute factorial n and I am sure all of you know what factorial n is. So here is a simple program which has a precondition saying n is greater than equal to 0 the post condition saying the return value is factorial n and in this program we have used recursion to compute the factorial function in a very simple intuitive way. So we say if n is 0 then we return 1 because factorial 0 is 1 this is the termination case otherwise if n is greater than 0 then we return n times factorial n minus 1 this is the definition of factorial n and we just use the definition in this recursive formulation. Note that given value of n I am decrementing it so that I am moving towards 0 and 0 is the termination case. So in this case the recursive calls are changing the parameters in such a way such that we monotonically move towards the termination case. Here is the third example which is taken from section 10.3 of the textbook that I mentioned at the beginning of this lecture. In this example we want to compute virahunker numbers the 0th virahunker number as well as the first virahunker number are both specified to be 1 and for all values of n greater than equal to 2 the nth virahunker number is obtained by adding the previous two virahunker numbers. These numbers are also popularly known as Fibonacci numbers although it is interesting to note that virahunker studied these numbers in the context of counting specific types of poetic meters way before Fibonacci did. So here is a simple recursive program that just uses this definition to compute virahunker numbers as a precondition we take n which is greater than equal to 0 the post condition is we must return the nth virahunker number and what do we do inside the function if n is 0 or 1 we just return 1 we know v0 and v1 are already 1 otherwise we simply compute the n minus 1th and the n minus 2th virahunker numbers add them up and return it. This is as simple as the definition itself well this sounds very nice and elegant we might also want to watch how many recursive calls are being made when I am trying to compute let us say virahunker 4 in order to compute virahunker 4 I will recursively call virahunker 3 and virahunker 2 in order to compute virahunker 3 I will recursively call virahunker 2 and virahunker 1 and again to compute virahunker 2 I will recursively call virahunker 1 and virahunker 0 and virahunker 1 and virahunker 0 are really the termination cases so I am not going to make any further recursive calls there. So what you notice in this tree like structure is that virahunker 2 was computed twice and so the entire effort of computing virahunker 2 here is going to be replicated over here this is one recursive call this is a completely different recursive call and so that entire effort is going to be replicated and it is a very interesting exercise to show that the number of calls required to compute virahunker n using the recursive function that we just showed grows exponentially within this is not good because this means that we cannot compute virahunker numbers for large values of n. So is there a better way to compute virahunker numbers it turns out that there is and this is an iterative solution so here I have shown the iterative solution basically in the termination cases we return one directly otherwise we have a loop which keeps iterating from two onwards because we already know virahunker 0 and virahunker 1 so this keeps iterating from two onwards until it reaches the input value n and in each iteration of the loop I compute the next virahunker number by adding the previous two virahunker numbers. So here prev vn is sort of the n minus 1th virahunker number prev prev vn is n minus 2th virahunker number and initially I initialize them to be both one so this is the first virahunker number and this is the 0th virahunker number then the second virahunker number is obtained by adding those two and within the loop I then update the values of prev prev vn and prev vn because when I am going to go around the loop and increment the value of the counter then whatever was prev vn earlier should now become prev prev vn and whatever is result now should become prev vn and then I can compute the next result so when this loop terminates I have the nth virahunker number and I can just simply return that so now that we have seen the same solution using recursion as well as using iteration we might want to ask which is a better one well the recursive formulation is usually clean intuitive and very succinct but you have to worry about recursion termination the well founded ordering of parameter values and you also need to worry about how many recursive calls are being made the iterative formulation may be less clean or intuitive although this is not all this may not always be the case but you need to worry about loop invariance loop variance and termination of the loop and if you formulate the iterative solution properly this can indeed be very efficient the best practice is really to use a judicious mix of iteration and recursion so in summary we looked at recursive functions we looked at their termination and the ordering of parameter values how it is very important to order the parameter values to ensure termination and how the recursive calls should monotonically move along this order towards the termination case and we also saw a very brief comparison of recursion versus iteration thank you.


This is the SF Productions Podcast Network. We're proud to present on the WB another bad show that no one will say. From the Pop Culture Bunker, I'm Mindy. And I'm Mark. You can check out our audio podcast, How I Got My Wife to Read Comics on iTunes, or on our website SFPodcastNetwork.com. We've mentioned in passing three television networks, with the last being a merger of the first two, UPN, the WB, and the CW. Let's talk about how they came to be and what happened after. Paramount had attempted multiple times to create their own network, going back to early TV. There was even a regional Paramount network in the late 40s, plus they had a stake in Dumont. Now, you can check out episodes 185, the history of Paramount Pictures, and episode 99, a rundown of attempts to create a fourth TV network for more info. Paramount also planned in the mid-70s to create a fourth TV network, using a new Star Trek series called Phase 2, with most of the original TOS cast. It was actually in pre-production when Star Wars hit, and TV sci-fi plans were upgraded to movies. It would end up as part of Operation Primetime, a series of TV movies sold as a set to independent stations. Moving up to 1994, Viacom purchases Paramount, winding up with a handful of TV stations. A joint agreement was put in place with ChrisCraft Industries to further booster a potential fledgling network. Now, if ChrisCraft sounds like a boat company, you're right. The company had been bought and sold a few times, winding up as a TV concert. After a few more station acquisitions, Paramount Viacom announced the United Paramount Network, premiered in January 1995. Just as in the 70s, the flagship series came from Star Trek, in this case, Voyager. Paramount had a huge amount of success selling Star Trek in first-run syndication, PNG and DS9, so going back to that well-made sense. The other inaugural series were Platypus Man, Pigsty, Legend, Marker, and The Watcher. They never made it past their first seasons. Meanwhile, over at Warner Brothers... By 1993, it was clear that the Fox network was successful enough that there was more room for a TV network. WB was already running the Primetime Entertainment Network, along with partner ChrisCraft Industries. However, this was more of an organized syndication effort than an actual network. ChrisCraft would jump ship over to UPN. The WB spent the next two years collecting affiliates for a new operation, partnering with Tribune and their affiliates. This eventually included Chicago's WGN, which became their flagship station. The new network, called The WB, premiered on January 11, 1995, about two weeks prior to UPN. Their mascot was Michigan J. Frog, the classic Looney Tunes character. Hello, my baby, hello, my honey, hello, my ragtime girl. The WB had a lot more initial success than UPN, including inaugural shows The Wayne Brothers, The Parenthood, Unhappily Ever After, and Muscle, the only flop. Sister Sister was snapped up from ABC a few months later. During this first year, however, it became clear that UPN and the WB could not coexist long-term. There simply wasn't enough of an audience to sustain six national networks. Ironic considering how many streaming options we have today. Both networks lost money. Discussions were held within a few months after their debut about a possible merger, but nothing came of it. Both networks started small in terms of their schedule, just as the Fox Network had, building up one night at a time as they had viable shows. Most of them are questionable in terms of being viable. The only shows that made it past one season between 1995 and 2000 on UPN, Deadly Games, The Sentinel, Malcolm and Eddie, Seven Days, and Dilbert. The WB fared a bit better during those years. Nick Fresno, licensed teacher, The Steve Harvey Show, 7th Heaven, The Jamie Foxx Show, Kelly Kelly, Dawson's Creek, Felicity, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and Charm. There were also rejects from other networks that got a new home and lasted more than one additional season. You had on UPN, Moisha, there was a CBS rejected pilot, Clueless from ABC, and on the WB, you had For Your Love from NBC. A major shake-up occurred at the end of the 90s. Biacom merged with CBS, which resulted in Biacom exercising a contractual clause that forced ChrisKraft to sell their portion of UPN. This also resulted in major affiliates leaving the network since they were part of ChrisKraft. A year later, UPN jumped into sports, specifically WWF SmackDown. They also continued some successes in urban sitcoms, The Huglies from ABC, Girl Friends, One on One, Half and Half, Eve, and all of us. In 2002, UPN went into a bidding war with two of WB's hits, Buffy and Roswell, pulling them both over. They also went back to the trek well for Enterprise. It wasn't merely the hit, the other trek series were. UPN jumped into the reality show wave with Chains of Love, America's Next Top Model, and Iron Chef America. UPN's last hit was Veronica Mars in 2005. Meanwhile, the WB leaned into quirky dramas and soaps with shows like Angel spun off from Buffy, Popular, Gilmore Girls, Everwood, One Tree Hill, and Supernatural. In what would later become their bread and butter, Smallville kicked off a series of shows set in the DC Comics universe. There were also a few comedies, Mickey, Reba, Grounded for Life, Living with Fran. However, both networks were losing money, two billion in losses by 2005, and it became imperative to form a merger. Successful shows from the two existing networks will be pulled over to the new entity, from the WB, 7th Heaven, Beauty and the Geek, Gilmore Girls, One Tree Hill, Reba, Smallville, and Supernatural. And from UPN, America's Next Top Model, Veronica Mars, Everybody Hates Chris, Girl Friends, All of Us, and WWE Smackdown. As many TV markets had both UPN and the WB affiliates, this merger turned a lot of stations back into independent status. Many of these became my network TV affiliates, part of an effort by Fox to create an all repeats network. The newly merged network, The CW for CBS and Warner Brothers, went on the air on September 16, 2006. The old networks had gone off the air two days earlier, with only the WB actually making anything of it on the air. Many of UPN's affiliates had already moved to my network TV by that time. The CW originally designed their setup to appeal to women 18 to 34, so there were a lot of soaps. Unfortunately, the network and the rest of the industry was badly heard due to a writer strike one year later. They leased a Sunday night schedule to a third party due to too much competition, which did not work out, and it took some time to get new programming in place. Wrestling was let go because they were aiming at women, and my network TV snapped it up, beating the CW in the ratings. A daily animation block, the remnants of the WB, were dropped. Despite a few new hits, 90210 and Melrose Place Reboots, The Boss of Girl, Reaper, The Vampire Diaries, the CW was mostly running on fumes and shows pre-merger. In 2011, a change in management and a move away from a female lead audience turned the tide. Arrow resumed a DC Comics line from Smallville and would eventually grow to cover much of the CW's schedule. The Flash, 2014, iZombie from DC's Vertigo Division, Supergirl 2016 from CBS, Legends of Tomorrow 2016, Black Lightning 2018, Batwoman 2019, Stargirl 2020, with Swamp Thing from the collapsing DC Universe streamer and Superman and Lois on the way. The rest of the CW's schedule involves supernatural soaps, Roswell, Rain, the originals, the Archiverse of Riverdale, Katie Keen and quirky soaps, Jane the Virgin, the Carrie Diaries, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, with a lot of reality shows and reruns of whose line is it anyway. With the re-merger of CBS and Viacom late last year, we'll see how this actually affects the CW going forward. Perhaps more hand-offs from CBS, more movies from Paramount. Who knows? Who knows? While you're waiting to find out, you can check out our audio podcast, how I got my wife to read comics on iTunes or on our website. I said podcastnetwork.com. From the Pop Hifter Bunker, I'm Mindy. And I'm Mark. Thanks for watching.


Hi everyone, welcome back to my channel. And today's look at those key fashion trends for summer 2021. And most importantly, how I would translate those trends into the perfect capsule wardrobe. The essentials you need, the key pieces I have on my rail and how I would style them all together. Now I featured the most wearable fashion trends for spring summer 2021, a few months ago. But in this video, I wanted to share with you how you can really interpret those trends for an everyday basis. This Valentino dress, for example, is absolutely beautiful, no doubt about it. It is a stunning dress and she looks beautiful. But I can't imagine ever being able to wear that in my own real life. I wish I had those kind of events to go to, but sadly I don't. But what I tend to do when I watch the catwalk shows is look at a piece like that, for example, and pick out those fine elements that could translate into my everyday style. So for example, the fabric is very sheer, which is something we saw time and time again on the spring summer 2021 catwalk shows. And that is something I could easily add into my wardrobe. You could go for a sheer blouse and maybe add a camisole underneath, or maybe just look for a blouse with a puff sleeve in a sheer fabric. That would be a really subtle and nice way to introduce the trend. And the other thing I see when I look at an outfit like this from the catwalk is that long dresses are very much one of the other big trends. And that is obviously really easy to integrate into your own capsule wardrobe. I love a long dress, particularly in spring summer. I do kind of feel like my element in that season. And there are loads to choose from, from the high street, so all different price points, there is definitely something for everyone. Anyway, I've waffled an awful lot to start this video and haven't really introduced it properly. So that's what we're going to do. Talk about the fashion trends and how you can wear them in real life. If you're new to my channel and you like this video, I would be very grateful as always for any new subscribers. And if you're already subscribed, hello, hope you're all well. Thank you as always for all your support. At the end of this video, you can also follow the link in the description box below to find my daily style pictures over on Instagram. Also in the description box below, you will find links to all the outfits I feature today, including the sizes I bought them in. I'm sorry, I am so forgetful adding the sizes, but I'm determined to get that right today. I think that was everything I was meant to remember. Let's get started with fashion trend number one. When it comes to the key fashion trends for spring, summer, 2021, there's one fabric that's being used far more than the rest. That would be linen. It would appear that everyone from the catwalk to the high street are embracing a little linen in virtually every single item you can imagine, which is good news for us because it's such a lovely, sustainable and breathable fabric to wear in the heat. Yes, it creases, but I've come to the conclusion that we should just look at that as part of its charm and just go with the flow with it. So I shall be interpreting the linen trend into my capsule wardrobe, something like this, adding in a few beautiful linen summer dresses and a couple of pairs of tailored linen trousers for my capsule wardrobe. Neither of these are ever going to date, which I would say is the best way to show up the fashion trends every single season. Try and pick out the key element of the trend, i.e. the linen, but choose pieces that are really timeless and elegant that you can imagine wearing in five years' time. Then it's not wasteful and it should help you build a really beautiful capsule wardrobe that you'll have for life. That's the plan anyway. Now, the dress, of course, can't be styled in a million different ways, like the trousers probably could. However, I do love dresses in summer and it's just a bit like a jumpsuit. It's that one piece and it's a ready-made outfit. You don't have to think too much about it. So I definitely say have at least one linen dress in your capsule wardrobe this spring, summer. But I like this one, I like this one, this one, this one, this one. And I shall link a few more in the description box below. I am just going to quickly mention, despite appearances today, the 1940s inspired hair is not one of the fashion trends for spring summer 2021. I just happened to have watched a really good war film at the weekend and it inspired me to try and copy her hairstyle. But what is particularly on trend would be a pop of pink, a really optimistic neon pink, seamlessly somehow squeezing to that capsule wardrobe. We saw a head to toe neon pink at Roxander, floral pink at Louis Vuitton and neon pink boyfriend shirts with not a lot else at Valentino. Now I'm personally a little bit wary of spending too much on color trends that are more than likely to be out of fashion in say six months time. So instead I found some really affordable ways to introduce a little pop of pink into your capsule wardrobe. I like this casual summer dress at H&M where I think the laid back style contrasts perfectly to that statement color. Go for a pure silk statement under 50 pounds at M&S, broderie on glaze at whistles at a sprinkle of the beach from Bowdoin, color clash for a summer wedding at LK Bennett or a bow tie blouse at River Island. Now I'm trying to be really strict with myself in this video today and kind of imagining if I only had 10 pieces in my capsule wardrobe this spring summer, what would it be? What would I recommend? And one key piece for me would have to be in a pastel or store by tone. And probably the perfect example I have of this fashion trend already would be this beautiful blouse that I have in blush pink. Note with this blouse that I'm also ticking the sheer trend box very subtly as well but of course the main thing about this one is that lovely pastel blush tone. This blouse is actually ticking even more trends than I realized because you've got the puff sleeves as well which we've seen just about everywhere. And practicality wise it's long enough to be able to tuck it into your jeans which is generally how I wear it. Now if my one is a little bit too fussy for your own personal style, I also spotted this deeper sorbet trend one on Cezanne's website which I thought was equally beautiful. In fact all their shirts and blouses are beautiful, like never mind investing in those. I shall also link some recent favorites I've found across the history in the description box below because you can probably tell this is one of my favorite trends. Now when the fashion trends first came out for spring, summer, there was an awful lot of cutouts. In all the most unflattering of places, I don't want to flash my tummy and I don't particularly want to go out just dressing the bra. But thankfully now the trends are filtering down to the high street. We get a more tame down version of the trend and a much more wearable way to wear this look. Now you could incorporate the cutout fashion trend with a little open back detail. It could be something as simple as that. And I found this version I really like at a brand called Dish. Now I really want to do a haul with this brand actually because as you can see an awful lot of the pieces are made from linen which I love and two, I thought their prices were really affordable. Slight downside is they're based in Australia so I was kind of waiting until I wanted enough pieces to make it worthwhile getting shipped over. Or maybe you could opt for a subtle side cutout like this one. There's a sorbet yellow and the most subtle of cutouts in the center of Greece and not forgetting one beautiful cutout, a little black dress for the evening. Lucky for us a boyfriend blazer has never really gone out of fashion and this particular one has been such a best seller. I don't think they've ever taken it out of their collection either. Now I've mentioned it before but it's worth noting again that as I tend to invest in my blazers I do tend to stick to that neutral palette of beiges, camels, navy and possibly black. As much as I would love a neon pink blazer it isn't going to last very well in your capsule wardrobe. So unless you have money to burn I would say play it safe with those lovely neutral tones. Now with this camel version I actually went true to size so it's not super slouchy boyfriend fit it's just a little nod to that trend. But if you really want to tick that fashion trend box this season and you like the style of mine I would say simply size up. That's a good way to do it actually. If you find a style that you really like and it's the perfect color for you but it's not actually a boyfriend fit then just size up and it will create the same effect. Are the new and noteworthy blazers from the high street to rock this fashion trend would be this stunning washed sage interpretation at Jigsaw? Bit of a tongue twister there. Classic white at H&M, tensile fabric at whistles and a couple of great affordable options at ASOS. Now we're fully into spring, summer the options on the floral trend are far and wide. So I thought you'd appreciate a bit of an updated edit on all my favorites I found across the high street and with the independent designers. Beach throw-ons at Tula Rosa, everyday organic cotton dresses at Stories, puff sleeve statements at Cezanne and floaty sunshine dresses at H&M Conscious. Or you could just add a sprinkle with a headscarf or a headband. However you decide to add your florals in for this summer at 2021 there are lots of beautiful options on the high street to choose from. Something we probably all noticed from the catwalks was quite a contrast between those designers that were thinking loud, bright, extravagant items of yay, we're out of our houses. And then there was the camp of designers who were thinking about practicality. But you could see they were kind of thinking cool staples, lovely neutral tones, beautiful fabrics, those pieces that we would be happy to wear if we're working from home or heading out to the office. One such staple I would definitely have on my Key Essentials rail would be a classic button-down shirt. The simplest of pieces that never fails to elevate a look. And when you're looking for affordable ways to build a capsule wardrobe I would probably always start with this. Like I mentioned before this is where you could introduce that pop of pink color trend and go for a classic shirt in a brilliant neon pink. I personally however opted for the very safe and hugely practical pastel blue and a light taupe. I am a huge fan of neutrals so I knew I was going to be wearing these a lot as you've probably seen on my channel. Remember though, as I often say, try and think about buying the highest quality you can afford and your outfits will thank you for it later. So I'm more than happy to invest in a trend like this to get that quality that I'm really after. Now I spent 55 pounds on each of these shirts and I went for both in a size 36. M&S have got a great alternative at 25 pounds and if you're happy to invest a little more than I did I love this Max Mara version at Netporta with the added sleeve detail. I think that's really beautiful. Whatever your budget just pay close attention to the fabric content and it will see you right in the end. Yes, this really is a fashion trend for this spring summer 2021 but sadly I'd say one of the less wearable ones. Versace of course were in their element in full bejeweled fashion but I can't imagine this working for me on a stroll down the high street anytime soon. It's a pretty bright and loud trend and not being particularly fond of either. I think I'll only be integrating this fashion trend with the odd accessory or two. A printed scarf I could wear as a headband or tied around my straw bag. Me and bikinis only go together for the beach but I would feel comfortable wearing one underneath a slightly see-through dress certainly when I'm on my holidays at least so that might be a way to interpret the trend as well. Now like I mentioned a couple of months ago the fashion trends this spring summer 2021 in terms of denim have seen a shift from those high-waisted mom jeans to a much looser fit. Now I tried quite a few pairs as we went through spring and as we're coming into summer but I've chosen just one pair for my key essentials rail and that would be the straight-leg crop that I got from Cos. While I do love and wear my baggy ones that I got from Everlane I would say that these ones I got from Cos seem to be the most wearable on a day-to-day basis hence why I'm featuring them in my essentials capsule wardrobe. They're more high-waisted than low but not ridiculously so. I love the shape of the leg which is not something everyone gets right with straight jeans. They fit nicely around my bum, wash really well and that light wash of blue is perfect for me to mix and match with the other pieces I already have. Other noteworthy jeans I would definitely recommend with that slightly looser fit would be the ones I just mentioned from Everlane. They're a little lighter than my Cos ones and obviously more baggy because I sized up. I thought this pair at Superdry were a great interpretation of the trend. H&M always have a pair or two I could happily add to basket. I love the color of this pair from Hush but I'd probably size up to get more of a looser fit and a more high-end version but I love the shape and the tone of these ones from a gold. Now while looser fit jeans might be particularly on trend this season I really wouldn't worry about investing because I'm imagining they're gonna be one of those things that will just keep coming round time and time again on the lovely carousel of fashion. We've been having a bit of Melbourne weather in the UK recently. They're four seasons in one day kind of vibe. So I don't think I'll be putting my trench coat to one side anytime soon. And it just so happens to be one of the big trends for this spring summer so a bit of a bonus there too. Now before you dive straight in and buy yourself a new trench coat it's worth having a really good rummage either through some storage or the clothes that you already have because you might be surprised to discover that you already have something that will work perfectly well to tick that trend box. Case in point, I found this lurking in the bottom of my storage box recently. I do also have this one which I got from Massimo Duty I think either last winter or the winter before. And although I was gonna put that up in storage as a very winter item it's had to come back down because it's just been so cold. Now this one is pretty light and it's waterproof. So I would say it's perfect for the current weather situation in the UK at the moment. So I tend to find trench coats pretty priceless in my capsule wardrobe hence why I have quite a few of them. A subscriber commented recently actually that she doesn't quite get the joy of a trench coat because it's quite hot where she lives. And I see her point actually because they're quite weather specific. I think they're perfect for people who really have that transitional weather period like we definitely do in the UK. Now your trench coat doesn't need to be long, short can look equally chic but I think the key factors this season would be getting the shade right. I personally love this double rested option from the white company. Everlane have a great version in this lighter tone. Cast caught my eye with this oversized camel trench coat. Here's a mango option under 100 pounds and Marks and Spencer are on form again this season with a great version made from Tencel. Going higher end you would have a Burberry trench coat in your wardrobe forever or at least you should keep it forever. And of course they are absolutely stunning. So that's a really nice option if you've got the pennies to go with the designer option. The majority of those key fashion trends for spring, summer, 2021 in general are pretty wearable anyhow. Everything's very earthy, neutral, natural, practical albeit with a pop of color here and there. A sign of the times I guess and probably as the world changed so much in the last year, I think we've all become quite focused on those really high quality pieces that we know are going to last for years. I don't want any throwaway fashion in my wardrobe. I want pieces that I can wear in 10 years time. I really hope you've enjoyed this video and the takeaway of course that you now understand those key fashion trends that we're seeing for spring, summer, 2021. And not only that, but I've explained how you can really subtly integrate them into your own capsule wardrobe on a day to day basis. I'd love to hear all your favorite key pieces you will be wearing this spring, summer. So don't forget to let me know in the comments section below. Maybe you'll be adding a pop of color which is more than I can say for my very neutral looking rail here.  Whatever it is, do let me know in the comments section below. Next Sunday, I will be back with more outfit ideas and styling advice. So hopefully you will join me for that video too. Have a good week, everyone and hopefully I will see you then.


At Audiology Associates of Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. You'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. The multi-year Melton Parkway Expansion Project is conducting a public information meeting regarding the MacGuffin Floyd County segment of the expansion. So the MacGuffin Floyd County segments, this is the last piece of the parkway needed to complete it. And so we're, you know, beginning, you know, actively involved in design work, environmental studies and geotechnical studies. And we have a public meeting scheduled for the 21st to show the citizens of the locals what our preferred option is or what our preferred alternate is. And just to get their feedback and get any thoughts or opinions and help us move the project forward. When the project is completed, the Melton Parkway will run more than 90 miles between Interstate 64 and US-23 in eastern Kentucky. A four-lane facility brings a lot of different pluses to the community. Increased mobility, better access to healthcare, commerce, you know, whenever employers look at different areas, that's usually one of the first things they look for is a four-lane facility. So this will hopefully bring more, you know, commerce to the area, more businesses, and also help with tourism, that people see a four-lane facility on a map to go to a scenic area, then that's, of course, going to draw them. The project will complete a four-lane, high-speed route across the length of the state from Paduca to Pikeville. Construction on the MacGuffin Floyd segment has not began and the completion date has not been determined. We're looking forward to the project. We can finally see the light at the end of the tunnel. And so we want to make this reality. It's going to be a great benefit for the Commonwealth as a whole and especially in eastern Kentucky. And we look forward to seeing everybody at our meeting next week on the 21st and talk to us and give us their thoughts and opinions. And hopefully, you know, hopefully everyone will like what we have to show them and be behind us. The public meeting will be an open house format held at the MacGuffin County Hospital in Siresville on February 21st from 5.30 to 7.30. For more information, visit mtnparkway.com. Reporting from Mountain Top News, I'm Ethan Miller.


Hit it. Okay, so for top secret We're gonna do a couple of videos Actually three or four. We got it. We got a few videos. Yeah, so as you're lining up questions We'll we'll get we'll get to them right after this. So here's the first one This first one is a TFT sample that we just got Hi lady, who is this?  We just soldered to these two wires here. I don't know if people remember this but the Pi one at least had a TV spot so black and yellow wire to RCA and then I'm just testing it out by displaying some graphics on Here using the command line and color and saturation look really good So this is a little bit of a revision. It's a little button. Let's it flip around Just testing everything is working great. So this would be in the store shortly Next up if you like these long cats You're really gonna like you're really gonna like these a stem of connectors that we got I'm testing two things at once because that's what engineers do right like why test one thing at a time So first I'm testing out this new feather has a ESP 32 feather V2 with a Pico module which has eight megabytes of flash and two megabytes of ps ram. So it's an upgrade to our very popular Feather ESP and I'm also testing these really nice Stem aqt cables that are extra long. I got this five like 200 300 and 400 Millimeter long cables for stem aqt and here's the cool thing We saw this neat tweet that referenced having the data lines interleaved with the power lines to reduce crosstalk So we tried that out for these nice You know PVC covered cables and so far these work really great and then they're quite nice cables So we'll have these in the store soon Okay, then we have three Updates on the floppy stuff that we're doing so some of the folks are asking floppy questions These videos might help you we're gonna play one after the other after the other don't worry They're only minute each so see you on the other side What is this? These are my floppy socks and these are some Mac 400k 800k and another 400k floppy disc.  So Working a little bit on Changing the timing and how we read flux pulses. I actually replaced everything with a capture peripheral Philby helped a lot with that. So during capture peripheral and PWM waveform generation for flux pulses we can get Better precision and also just like better handle lung pulses It seems to help a little bit with improving reading the Mac GCR Fluxes so you can see him reading a clean 400k floppy here all those sectors working out Hello, well, you know, we're still doing some floppy stuff we're getting back into it And a lot of people are always asking me why don't you just use a USB floppy drive? And the answer is you can't when it has a little board attached But if you replace that board with this super duper floppy flooper You can convert this 26 pin cable that's on laptop floppy disk Which is what is in a USB floppy drive to your standard 34 pin? Sugar so you could use it say with your grease weasel Please support Emma bear and pick up a grease weasel if you want to do floppy hacking and then Here's the board and I'm testing it with flux engine and it works great So this is cool because this is another source of You know brand new old stock floppy disk drives that you can get And it will work with your standard 34 pin connector when you use that flooper What is this I am making millions with Tom Snyder. This is a very early 1984 Mac Mac plus, you know Mac 512k video game It comes on a 400k floppy and I've got 400k floppy is reading quite nicely now on Flux engine with my hardware. So I grabbed the flux of this Generated a DSK, which is a standard file type uploaded to Internet Archive and I set up all these flags, which means up here You can click emulate it and it will actually load PC ejs. You can see my mom dirt very dusty but this will load the Game diskette and then you can actually play the game in your browser And it was like a surprisingly well graphics made game for 1984 So do check it out. It's a under Internet Archive under make dash millions Tom that Snyder and What's cool about this? We were checking this out.  This guy was very very talented He did a lot of other stuff until His company was purchased by and then killed off by Scholastic Yeah, you know, it's a funny side story on this so we're reading the Wikipedia page and Scholastic bought this company and the PR person Kyle good is the person I talked to when I was dealing with Scholastic when Scholastic accidentally took a maker product and From a maker and made their own version and said they didn't but they did and I got it I was helping out evil mad scientist laboratories with his bristlebot thing and the same guy Because you remember a person's name if you're in PR and your last name is good. That's like literally Like they're like the best PR they had the best PR people in the world Anyways, so that's a little bit of a look at that and then I also have those socks I was talking about in the in the section of our website and then the new ones that just came in new Socks are these let's put these on the overhead. Okay, nice Frickin technical socks. Look you always wanted oracle socks in here. These are directly from Larry Ellison, yeah, yeah Don't ask only available in large size. Okay, and that's a top secret I spent these questions. Yeah, we got some questions and we got some answers to yeah, so let's let's do some questions


Fire mission fire mission car number alpha echo one zero three zero five perfect Battery do not load grid three two uniform combat victor zero six two nine one six two six seven eight Out to 45 Safe safe good send it Number five late number two late number three late late number four Number three rounds complete Shot number two Shot three zero over number six shot number four shot Number five routes complete End of mission target number alpha echo three two three zero two bmp's destroyed out End of mission


First to go for the Falcons from the six as Ryan throws and zone touchdown As soon as he sees the place starting to break down you see him whip back around For the wide open touchdown and Matt Ryan took a shot there, but he is loving it Bottom of your screen third down at nine on the Falcons opening possession Ryan looking for Patterson. He makes the catch in Saints territory Matt Ryan identified it early needed Just a little bit of time offensive line gave it to him and look at that beautiful catch the toughness that Cordero Patterson shows Only rookie Jackson with more stops and Frank John's history But Cam Jordan As Ryan fires down field, Zaccheus makes the catch Nice ball nice throw These big plays in a game this tight are daggers Ryan throws Get it. It is caught for a touchdown I Don't think the fans understand how difficult of a throw this is and sidearm that right into the pocket Saints have scored the last 19 points Ryan on first down it is caught by Patterson Darryl Patterson Knocked out of bounds at the Saints 11.


My name's Eitan Kohan. I'm an orthopedic surgeon specializing in shoulder and elbow surgery. I'm a part of orthopedic specialists of New Jersey at Hackensack Meridian Health. The types of injuries and types of patients that we see vary by age. Typically younger patients often have either sports injuries or broken bones or ligament injuries, whereas older patients may have arthritis or rotator cuff tears or other problems from overuse and wear and tear over time. I think it's very important to really understand the patient as a person and not just as a patient. What makes you tick? What types of things do you like to do? What types of things are you not able to do that you want to get back to doing? To me, it's really important to personalize the care and make sure that we are accomplishing the goals that you want to accomplish. Seeing patients come back who are doing well, who had surgery and are now through the recovery and doing great or patients who had an injection or we managed without surgery, just being able to see that response and see how happy patients are is really what gets me going.


USC plus 150 to win the Pac-12. Well, I don't think they're going to win the Pac-12. I say trash it. But historically, even when they're at Utah, they match up OK with the Utes, and they certainly could beat UCLA. I think the one thing that's important for USC and for a first year coaching staff is not only win, but win in glamorous fashion. I think Lincoln Riley and his staff want to win, and they want to win big, and they want to win with style. They're not going to take the foot off the pedal that much. It may alienate some, but they'll be a fun team to watch. But I don't think they'll be a great team because of their defensive inefficiencies through the middle. Probably wouldn't lay the money here. I think Utah wins the conference, and UCLA is second.


File overview The Foundation is not the only group with an interest and investment in the paranormal and metaphysical. There are many other groups in existence who possess, use, or attempt to create SCP objects, either for their own personal gain or for the protection of mankind. Some are rival organizations, some are splinter groups of the Foundation, and some are trusted associates of the Foundation. In any case, it has been deemed necessary to create and distribute a brief on what agencies the Foundation knows about and or stands towards them. Herman Fuller's Circus of the Disquieting Overview Herman Fuller's Circus of the Disquieting is purported to be a circus of anomalous origin and purpose. Currently, there is no evidence that this group exists beyond the allegations of various sapient SCPs and a handful of damaged non-anomalous artifacts. Most related objects typified by humanoid status utilize anomalous deformities for the sake of performance in some way, such as SCP-1884 and SCP-2902. Others appear to be typical fairground objet d'art, such as SCP-1921, or take the form of Attractions for the show, such as SCP-3717, or SCP-1695. Typically, objects related to Herman Fuller's Circus of the Disquieting are founded fairgrounds where the show is said to have performed. The Horizon Initiative Overview The Horizon Initiative is an organization created in the late 1960s by various influential sects in the main three Abrahamic religions, as a response to the growing number of anomalous activities and groups which they perceived as threats. Though the full extent of their goals is uncertain, the Horizon Initiative is known to target SCP objects, either with the intention of retrieving or destroying them, depending on each item's perceived place in their dogma. The initiative is led by a tribunal composed of leaders from the three largest sects involved in its creation, though a large amount of internal strife often leaves the official leadership in less than full control of the organization. The HI's main combat force, Project Malleus, is generally deployed in anti-cult operations and in SCP retrieval operations. The initiative's relations with most other groups of interest and the foundation seems to be in a state of constant flux, while all parts of the HI perceive the Church of the Broken God and 5th Church with a great degree of hostility and at times engaging them in armed conflict, sentiments towards the foundation and the GOC very greatly, from open hostility to a limited willingness to cooperate, depending on the internal affiliation of individual members. Ijimea Overview The Imperial Japanese Anomalous Matters Examination Agency, or Ijimea, not to be confused with the foundation precursor Ijimea, the Imperial German Anomalous Matters Examination Agency, was Japan's official and primary anomaly agency in the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the end of World War II in 1945. Ijimea was founded with the purpose to bring Japan up to speed with Western esoterics research, acting as a modern counterpart to pre-existing so-called primitive groups. In this capacity, the Ijimea catalogued hundreds of different anomalies spread throughout Japan and the colonies, conducted extensive research on these, and undertook numerous projects aiming to utilize the anomalous for the greater good of the fledgling empire. Ijimea saw its most significant role during World War II when it attempted to weaponize several anomalies to assist military forces in the war against the Allies. Rushed planning and insufficient funds, however, resulted in few of these programs bearing fruit. The Ijimea was formally disbanded with the Treaty of San Francisco in 1951 and most of its assets were either transferred to GOC control or covertly acquired by the foundation. However, Imperial loyalists and Japanese nationalists within it kept Ijimea alive in the post-war years, this time as a clandestine organization, during which its main focus was checking the spread of communist influence in Japan and East Asia. Today, it primarily serves to care for the well-being of Japan's diverse but faltering anomalous ecology and supports various nationalist agendas with its ties to prominent politicians, business people, and cultural personalities throughout Japan. It seeks to return some political power to the Imperial family and return Japan to great power status and actively seeks to exploit the various anomalies in its possession for this purpose. The foundation is seen as a foreign rival at best and agents are to exercise due caution when interacting with Ijimea personnel. End of file. To learn more about the SCP Foundation, subscribe to SCP Orientation today and turn the notification bell on so you don't miss any of our videos.


Hi everybody, Joe for Jasper's casebreaks.com. That's me, coming at you with 2019, 2020, Panini Donneress Basketball Hanger Edition, break number six, not seven, that's the next one. But this is break six. Two packs of 2003, 2004 top scrim basketball are being given away. LeBron James Rookie Card Hunting. Ooh, should be real good. Should be real good, there you go. So we're gonna do the break itself first, as always. And we'll re-randomize everybody's names with a different dice roll, and the top two names are gonna get packs in that break. We gotta do a few more of these to unlock that break, but I think we can get it done maybe tonight. I know it's pretty pricey, but think about it, consider it, look up the prices, do your research, be sharp about it, but I think you'll find that it's gonna be quite worth it. Big thanks all of these folks for taking the chance on this. Thank you, well worth the risk for LeBron James Rookie Card Hunting. All the teams are in for this hanger box break, so let's do the break first. Let's roll it, randomize it, two and a five, seven times for names and teams. One, two, three, and a seventh and final time. After seven, we've got Kenneth down to Matthew. Two Matthews, two different Matthews. Two and a five, seven times for the teams, and seventh and final time. After seven, we've got the Sixers down to my Lakers. All right, so here's the first half of the list right here. This is 2019, 2020, so it's the current draft class. There's Ryan Gomez with the Pelicans. There's Ryan Gomez with the Grizz as well. Not bad, Daniel Graham with the Heat. Not too shabby here. This turned out to be, if you think about it folks, this class turned out to be really good. So there's a lot of players, a lot of upsides, so a lot of players to monitor in next year, next season. And see which one keeps evolving, which ones drop off, that's always gonna happen. Not all of them are gonna be winners, but it'll be exciting to follow hoops next year, that's for sure. It's this hanger box, right? Am I grabbing the right hanger box? Yeah. Those green cards in there are the green parallels are the exclusive to this set. There's Josh Hart, Larry Nance Jr., Josh Hart going to the Lakers of course, Matthew Phillips, and Larry Nance Jr., another former Laker going to the Cavs. That'll be for Nicholas. There's Carl Anthony Towns. The Timberwolves could be a pretty interesting team next year. There's another couple other inserts here. Some raided rookies, nice Tyler Hiro. I like Bowl Bowl as well. John Morant, there you go. We certainly like Bowl Bowl. We like Tyler Hiro even better. What a season he's had. So hopefully he's one of these players that continue evolving and growing next year. That would be excellent for the hobby. I have a feeling John Morant will be around for a while. Memphis Grizzlies, Ryan Gomez, could be gradeable as well. Some other comments here. All right, there you go. Not a bad box at all. Now let's give away a couple packs right here, which would be pretty huge. Let's grab everybody's name again from Matthew Powell down to Kim Soo Min, and get everybody's names in here. Once again, it's gonna be the top two after six. Top two after six, five and a one. One, two, three, four, five, and six in final time. Good luck everybody. So from everybody on this list, thank you. There will be multiple opportunities. There'll be some more filler breaks like this to try to win spots. So everybody, I'm scrolling up here on this list. Thank you, thank you, thank you. We'll give it another go. Hopefully you can give it another go. All right, top two. Congrats to you.  Josh Melton and Matthew Powell. Congrats to the both of you. You are in that top's chrome basketball break. It's gonna be nice once it fills. So keep an eye on that progress. I'm Joe for jaspeyscasebreaks.com. I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye-bye.


What's going on everybody got Kyle and Shawn here in Lane sports cards have been two boxes This is for Michael F. Or sorry one box for Michael F. It's gonna be one box of UEFA club competition soccer Top's chrome Good luck here, sir. Let's see what we got some club competition soccer Shawn's letting them know Hell yeah, I'm glad everybody know who he's rooting for today. That's it. I pack in the Rams Oh Oh boy, yeah, yeah, I like it. I like some fun side information. Oh, we do Pass it this way. No, I'm trouble hard rock The groin we got Vinnie jr. On these specimens It's all our I know you got any got some connections there. So don't let them know Paul Pogba Here's a Dario a sugo on the rookie top surfractor to 52. I saw on there on the rookie Sporting I like that tops refractor very clean one Refractor add up a check.  He can shoot. He's a beast. We got an orange You know saw it's gonna be a orange assilani on the um The orange, uh, it's been a while Not numbered orange seismic orange seismic christian assilani on the rookie Enter there's a Dennis bird camp for arsenal on the throwback Yeah, royale's getting better man. Royale's getting better. I'm gonna have to see if uh They can sign ol and bop. I know they've been trying for a few years now There's a nice one. It's gonna be jack graylash on the uh blue awk for man city the The champion there to 150 Got the treble last year Nice one jack graylash do 150 on the blue awk There's a refractor rookie samuel illing jr for uventus Is he is he nick? There's a rookie inzo fernandez on the golasso Glasso insert Pretty much anywhere about psg. I know he I know he is not enjoying his time there He has not had a good time There's a anthony alonga on the future stars refractor I'm trying to get out of there for a little bit He did turn down that Huge contract for the uh solid league There's a rafael a hour factor More than even john rommel is gonna get it. What's up, george? Afternoon my man. How we doing sir? How we doing today george or gee creepy clown george? Yeah, there's a kago for your hoshi Pulsar not numbered it's a fuchsia. It's gonna be a jota jota for Celtic On the fuchsia to 250 I got you something Kind of looks like uh, well ted lasso. Yeah, like ted lasso. There's a rooney bargey rookie insert He on the midfielder for kopenhagen Yeah, yeah, I would think so nick one of the teams that can Really pay really pay. There's a green way to 399 gonna be gansaloramos gansaloramos Refractor is uh sulamana future stars There's a purple seismic zlatan zlatan ibrahimovic And a refractor rookie of binogitans genie gittens There's a refractor throwback greezy for atletico rookie pulsar publicly barrios And two more packs. Good luck here mr.  Dennis For sowsburg Also heard you guys had a pretty nice pull yesterday The actually the nicest you can get out of prism The nicest. Alrighty guys, we'll get uh that one right out. See that was for michael f You a for club competitions bch is always sir