I'm manifesting that by the end of this video, I can legally change my last name to Campbell and Rihanna becomes my fenty godmother. So Halloween is coming up, right?  And for me, that's being a genuinely happy person. But I feel like a more realistic goal was to try and become a model. Like, I've always wanted to be a model growing up, but the only thing stopping me was the fact that I look like a sewer rat. But ever since I found out that beauty was a social construct, yes, you are beautiful. Don't let Chad from chem tell you otherwise. I felt like, well, damn, if Cindy Crawford can be a model, I feel like I can be one too. You see, there is an ambulance. So that's what we're going to be doing today. Let's get started on some research. So I've conducted a lot of my research. I kind of have an idea of how I want to get started in terms of like being a beginner model. And I found out that you need like two basic techniques.  That being said, I'm going to try and master those two things. And by the end of the video, let's still see if Naomi Campbell is labeled the world's greatest supermodel because she might have some competition. So one of the very basics in modeling is knowing how to work the camera. Y'all are sick. So I learned that why you need to know how to take good photos before entering the modeling industry is so important is because the very first thing that agencies ask you to do is to send in some photos of yourself. OK, so I just finished taking pretty much all of the pictures and I didn't see a lot of them because somebody else was taking them for me, but let's check them out. I'm nervous because if these don't turn out looking good and these are just the basic ones, we can all only go downhill from here.  Why am I built like that? I'm built like Steve from Minecraft. I look like the Robert Pattinson meme. Well, I just finished the model-esque photo portion of the video and let's just say it was a big fail. We're going to move on to the runway walk portion of this video after seeing that atrocity of a photo shoot. OK, so this is the pathway that I'm going to be using because it's the longest one that I can use right now. The first shoes that I'm going to be wearing are these ones. Let's go. So we're going to change my shoes to these ones. These ones are kind of their way flatter. Haven't done this much cardio since the pacer test in high school.  And I would say that I mastered it. So I want to get an outside opinion by like the most judgmental people I know. And that's my friend. So we're going to calm down. OK, so from the pictures and videos that I just sent you, do you think that I actually look like I can become a model? No. OK, so I don't think I'm going to call anybody else today, but I just wanted to end the video by saying modeling is way harder than I actually thought it was. It takes a lot of hardware dedication and sacrifice. But I also learned that confidence is really a key factor in doing whatever you want to pursue, especially modeling. So if modeling is your passion, go for it. Don't let anything stop you. But if you think that I can become a model, make sure to comment down below. I would love to see you guys's opinions. Other than that, this is Brandon from Cal TV Entertainment. Thanks for watching.


All right, someone talked about when there's a catastrophe to FDB. A little introduction, Brand and I are both with Wayfront. We're both in the operations team. And I've been at Wayfront for more than three years. But we've been running FoundationDB as the core data platform for the service for more than four or five years. So we'll go over a little bit about a background on Wayfront and then 2K studies. So this talk is titled, Restoring FDB After Catastrophe. But it's really about managing FDB when your infrastructure decides to break on you. And that's important because over the time we've been using FDB, we haven't had issues with FDB itself. It's always been something related to infrastructure. And as Evan said, the database runs on computers and disks. Those tend to break. So a little bit of background on Wayfront for those of you who aren't aware. Wayfront is a cloud native monitoring platform. It's a time series observability platform. And as I mentioned, we use FDB as the primary data store. So we take in all this data, and we make sense of it in either alerts or charts. But most importantly, mostly charts. Because sometimes your data looks like this, or like this, or even like this. And since we're arguably in the fish taco capital of the world, sometimes your data looks like this. And that's an actual Wayfront chart. So I'll talk a little bit about how Wayfront uses FDB to sort of set some context. We run a lot of FDB. When I put this together, we had 90-some clusters. So that's about, I think, it was a seven or two instances, just under 19,000 processes. So not a small deployment. And since Evan used last year slides, I'm going to also use some of the last year slides to kind of show you what Wayfront looks like to help you understand how it can break for us. So super high level. This is a very simplified view of a Wayfront cluster. There are three tiers. There's this web server tier, an application tier, and then a database tier. And importantly, Wayfront runs active-active. So what you see here is duplicate on that little blue square that's not filled out. And if I take a 30,000-foot view, this is what it looks like. So we have this front end or the web servers I showed you. And then we have the duplicate services either in two different AZs or two different regions. And on the bottom there is, of course, FDB. So I mentioned, sometimes, the infrastructure decides it doesn't want to cooperate. So I'm going to let Brandon talk about the case of the missing kernels. OK, cool. So all right. Yeah, I'm going to talk about the case of the missing kernels. So a little bit of background. So something happened earlier this year. We were, our database tier was still pretty much on trusty, which is, you know, a version of Ubuntu Linux. Our, for data storage, we were currently using EBS for all of the FDB storage. And at the time, we were mostly on the 33 kernel, which is, was kind of the stock kernel at the time. But based on some recommendations from working with Amazon, they'd recommend updating to a 4.4 kernel that was supposed to improve some things. And at the time, also, we had a few clusters that we had running on Xenial with a 4.4 kernel, where we were testing moving to using the local NBME instant storage. So this is a graph of TCP retransmits. This is on 33, OK, before we start putting out the 4.4 kernel. We put out the 4.4 kernel. You can kind of see, you know, scope-wise, it's under 1. We switched the 4.4 kernel on some clusters. And we start to see pretty bad TCP retransmits. A lot of other things look fine. In fact, you know, it didn't kind of manifest itself as a big problem for a little while, when the kernels had started trickling out to some of our clusters. So, right, big jump. So we say, OK, this isn't working. We're kind of able to look at graphs, look at times, realize, OK, it definitely is the new kernel. In fact, we do some verification, some testing to verify that, switching between kernel version and some of our test clusters. Let me go back, so you can see things look much better afterward. So, OK. So now at this point, we have this mixed kernel version. We're going to get everything back to 33. At the same time, we're also doing in-place FDB upgrades, which for us is, because we have this active-active model, we can be serving on one mirror and we'll actually stop FDB, do an in-place upgrade. And since we're kind of pausing the world on one mirror while we do that, we thought, OK, well, we'll go ahead and get these kernel versions consisting with a reboot, because that's really, really quick. So we're working through doing these upgrades, in general, what's going well. But as I mentioned, there's a little bit of a wrinkle where some of the clusters are zennial with 4.4. So, right, multiple clusters are being upgraded at the same time, things seem like they're going well. We're getting a groove. One of the zennial clusters, we run the trusty steps, which include purging all the 4.4 kernels. And there are some sanity checks there. This is all kind of manual playbook with Ansible. And so working on the mirror cluster, go to the reboot, they're not coming back up. OK, this was zennial. We have no kernels. We're stuck at grub. Do I still have a job? Actual quote. First things first, we call it WS. Is there anything we can do? Is there any way we can somehow get at the boot volumes of these instances, which is the boot volumes or EBS? We can slide another kernel in there in some way. Otherwise, basically data gone. Basically, they say no for various technical constraints and a lot of them around not being able to get a customer data, encryption things. Basically, no. So that's gone. 20 terabytes of data gone. So how do we get out of this? FDBDR. At this point, we had upgraded part of this cluster to FDBDR, to a version that had it available. So we knew it existed, but it wasn't something we'd actually used yet. So what do we do? Well, we start doing some research. As I mentioned earlier, we have test clusters. So this is actually a very cool thing that we're able to do, where we can build a full wave front cluster, and we have the ability to replay data out of our production monitoring into test clusters so we can give them a good volume and a good data shape. So we take one of those clusters. We build through the runbook. We basically figure out what we think the process will be to drop new nodes, set a backup agent or DR agent, all that. It works. So testing and production, sort of. Now, I say testing and production, sort of, because like I mentioned, we went through the whole process once on one of our test clusters to verify it works. Get everything out of the way. So then with our detailed runbook in hand, we go through setting it up. Wire everything up. Data starts moving. 20 terabytes, many, many hours of data later. It works. It's done. Everything's caught up. And so we disable the FDBDR, the link, basically. We break that. So now this other cluster is independent.  Cluster has high availability again. We're back in action. OK. So what do we learn? First thing, well, hey, now we have a pretty thorough, pretty good FDBDR runbook built on our duress, but it works. Another thing that came out of this part of this process was, OK, realizing now that we're going to shift more and more to using NVMe only instances because it's a significant improvement in available disk IO, we actually started making some IAM policies. We run an AWS around how these instances potentially be stopped and started. Because that's the main drawback, is the instance stopped. Those local disks are gone. So we improve some things there. Automate checks. Automate more of the process. Like I said, we had a few things in Ansible, but some of it was copy and like a runbook. You copy this command, you copy that command. OK. Automate more of that. Add more automated health checks. And that's also a thing that we took to other routine procedures and other places. And then finally, fleet replace. So fleet replace is a term that we use to have an entire FDB cluster. And what we will do is we'll actually launch a whole new set of instances. And we froze the fleet replace using the native exclude include capabilities of FoundationDB. So this is actually just for in general operations something that we have had a lot of success with and very much rely on as we scale away from clusters up and down based on point rate and demand. We have a process of deciding how many instances we use and what size. And so in the case of going up or down, we will launch those new instances, bring them in. We have a whole Ansible-based process that goes through and make sure coordinators are moved, starts the excludes, depending on whether it's SSD or memory based. We have a different process for that. And at the end does a bunch of health checks. Is it healthier? Are there any interregional processes? It's just kind of going through all these things. And so having that process in place, in fact, in some ways maybe learning from this experience, adding more robust health checks, looking for more corner cases automatically, we also decided, OK, things like kernel upgrades we can do in the fleet replace. Because what we found is that FDB, as long as it's running, it doesn't care. You're currently running on trusty instances and you drop Bionic. That's fine. In fact, we went through that process with all of our databases during the middle of this year. Completely moved all to Bionic and forward 15 or whatever the current kernel is, which has also been good. So this is where I'm going to hand it back to MRZ to talk about some other things we learned. We are running on EBS, where we were. In an EBS world, we had a couple of problems we'd run into. Either EBS would have a castor like failure. And since we had a duplicate copy of our data in another mirror, we could copy it. And the other use case for us is to take an existing data set and just copy it someplace else. So I'll walk you through what we did from a process standpoint. So very, very important. You should back up your coordinators. We tracked that by using instance tags or volume tags so we could relate the volumes back to where the coordinators were. And then we stopped the cluster and we did an EBS snapshot. So those are the simplest steps. But the important thing is make sure you track your coordinators. And then the lengthy piece was to resurrect those snapshots on other machines. We were using LVM, so part of it was to also make sure LVM came back up and then fix the coordinators and redistribute the cluster, config to all the members, and then restart the database, pray and hope and wait. And so what that looked like on the file is we would have a set of machines that were the origin machines and we would copy the cluster elsewhere. We just simply hand edited the file even though it says do not hand edit, we actually did that. And then I think we were lazy. We just SCPed it out.  So these were the six steps we had. But I think the important thing was we had always thought that this could work and then we were in a situation we had to figure out it doesn't actually work. And I'm just gonna read from my notes here. So this actually worked because the coordinators key tracked the topology of the cluster. And so as everything came back online they checked in with the existing coordinators and then update all the, essentially update and all the charts will be accounted for. And then behind the scenes that the bytes on disk must be rematerialized from the snapshot. And I think this took, well, a matter of hours. It was not fast. But we've done this I think at least once, maybe twice now. It's a great way to copy an existing production instance someplace else if you can afford the downtime to do the snapshots. Yeah, I think that's all we had. I don't know if we have four minutes for questions if there's any questions. I'll say as I decide the TCP segment retransmission we saw was not catastrophic until it was because processes would join the cluster, retransmit so much they'd fall back out. And so the cluster was thrashing. So on larger clusters it was never stable. And then we looked at all the charts if we saw this piece. That was on the, if you care, it was on a four, 15, 10, 37 kernel. Don't use that one. This is not using that yet. This was just using EBS snapshots. I have not looked at that. I'm not sure anymore because we're not using EBS anymore. We've moved over entirely to NVMe because I have infinite IO which seemed to be one of the gating fashors to running a high-performance database. With the caveat that you have to put a lot of guardrails in to making sure humans don't destroy your fleet, you have to be able to monitor Amazon's infrastructure because they don't tell you about SMART. You don't get to look at that stuff. So you have to infer disk failures or pending disk failures by looking at, I think we're looking at the disk IO write queue length as an indicator when it starts to go not straight. It's an indicator that it may be time to just shut down F2V on that node and replace it. I think the other thing we did too is we put only a few processes on each actual physical disk so that if one disk dies, the whole machine's not down, just the processes on those. All right, thanks.


Hello everybody. Today we're going to be creating an automatic file sorter for your files and file Explorer. Now out of all the projects that we've done in this series so far, I think this one might be the most difficult, but I also think this one is the most cool because it has some real life applications. So without further ado, let's take a look at some files that we have right down here in my file Explorer. So I have this beautiful picture of Rosie right here. This is a PNG file. I have a CSV file and a text file, and I want to sort all of them into their own folders depending on what kind of file it is. So if I go right in here and I click on this one, I go to properties, I can see that this is a PNG file. If I go into this one, I don't need to, but if I go into this one, it's a CSV file. And of course, this one is a text file. So I want three separate folders in here. And I want them to automatically go into those folders without me having to drag and drop and going and clicking. Now, we only have four files here, but imagine if we have thousands of files, how much time that could save us. So let's get out of here. And let's start writing our code. So we're going to say import os comma. And then we're going to say shut il.  I don't know what it's actually supposed to stand for, but what it will allow us to do is do some high level operations on our files in file explorer. So we're going to go ahead and import those. And now that we have those imported, something that's going to be very important for us to have throughout this whole thing. And this is anytime I'm working with like directories or something like this, we want to get this path down. So I'm going to go ahead and copy this path. And we're just going to say path is equal to and we'll do this right here. So let's run this. And I need to put an R right here to make this a raw text. So when you don't have the R, it's going to read in these, you know, these backslashes and these colons and different stuff. If we do R, it's just going to read it in as the raw string. And that's what we want. So here's what we need to do. There's a few different things that have to happen when we are writing this out. One thing is, is we need to go in here and we need to see this path and we need to see, are there folders in here already? If not, we need to create a folder. So that's one of the first things that we need to do. The next thing that we need is it needs to check each of these files individually, identify what kind of file it is and then put it into the correct folder. So we have to create the folder, then check these and then place it into the correct folder. So let's go right out of here. So what we're going to start doing is we're going to start working with these paths and these directories. And some of these things you may never have seen before, but that's okay. I'll try to explain it as I go through. So the first thing that we're going to write is OS dot list directories. And what this is actually going to do is show us all the files in there. We're going to say path. So it should show us all the files within path. And so here are results. So we have the data professional results, big text file, our image and our other image. So this is actually showing us what files are in that path. And that's super important because we're probably going to have to loop through this in some way later. I wrote this all out before. So I kind of remember, but I'm doing this off top of my head. So I guarantee you throughout this, I'll make some mistakes. But what we now need to do is we need to create folders or check if there's a folder and create it if it isn't there. That's the next step that we need to take. So let's go right down here. And we want to check if this path exists already. So if that folder already exists, so we're going to say OS dot path dot exists. So this is going to check, does this path, just like this path up here, does it already exist? And then we're going to do an open parentheses, we'll say path. So that's our path. Now we need to add a folder name to this. We could hard code it. So we could do plus, we could say CSV files. And that could work. So it's a does this path already exist. And we can try running this, and it's going to say false. So this doesn't already exist. But the thing is, is we need to create three separate paths. So we could do this by just hard coding it in by saying CSV files, image files, and text files, or we can just put this on a list and loop through it. I think it's just going to be easier to do that. Or I don't know, visually, it's going to be easier. So we'll do folder underscore names. And we'll say is equal to, and we'll create a list. So I think I want to call it CSV files, image files or PNG files, whatever you want to write. And then we'll do text files, do text files. And then we can go right down here, a little for loop. I think we'll do, actually, let's write folder underscore names. Then we can put something like pop up, let's write loop. Why not? So a little trick for the for loop is going to say for, and we'll say loop in and we'll just do a range because we want it to basically go through here. We don't want it to actually give us these file names, we just wanted to count zero one and two. So if we do range from zero to two zero zero one two, that should work. If we do this, then when it loops through, it's going to call folder name and say zero, which will be CSV files, image files and text files. So let's, yeah, I need a colon, let's run through this really quickly. I shouldn't do anything. But what we can do now is we can say, okay, if this does not exist, what we can do is actually create it. So we'll say, if not, so if this does not exist, then what we're going to do is take this and we'll say os.make directory and then we'll do just like that. I think it's make directory s. I think that's correct. So let's test this out really quickly. Let's see if this works. And invalid syntax, I need a colon. Okay, so I just ran this. Let's see if it did actually make those folders. Let's refresh it. And it didn't. So let's just print this off. So if not, let's just print. Let's see, does this actually work? Let's do if, okay. Ah, okay. So I think I know what might be happening. I think it's giving us, it may actually be, let's check this really quick. Go to Python tutorials. Oh no. I think it's creating, yeah, it's creating these Python tutorial images right here. Whoops. Okay, so I just figured it out. Let's go back into Python tutorials. Don't take a look at any of those notebooks. Those are secret. We were creating them in the wrong place. And that's because of this right here. We need a backslash, so we need to actually include a backslash right here in this path. We didn't have that. ELY scanning string literal. Okay. So this backslash could cause an issue. Let's see if I can do forward slashes on all these. Just stick with me, guys. I might cut this out. I might not. We'll see if this is important. It's going to keep talking while we're doing it. Um, let's run this. Okay. So now that we're doing these forward slashes, we're still checking. Let's make sure we can still check those files. Good. Now when we loop through this, I'm not going to, well, yeah, I can print it off. It doesn't matter. I'm going to print it and we'll see if that name works. And then we're also going to, um, well, I said if. So if it exists and make it, no, no, no. So if not, I think the not did make sense. We just weren't sure we had to do some checking. So if it exists, then we're going to create it and we'll keep the print in there because it doesn't really matter. So it's going to create the CSV and image, but didn't create the text. Let's see. Okay. Let's, uh, I don't know why this would work, but let's run it. Okay. So I think I just had the wrong range. So now we have our images all or we have our folders, all three folders. Now we need to write a script that will read in these and check and see what kind of file it is and place it into the correct folder. So let's come right down here and let's see what we need to do. So now I think we need to use this right here. I think we need to loop through this to be able to check each one. So we need to name this. So we'll just do, um, file underscore name is equal to run that. So now we have this file name. Um, and what we can do is loop through this. So let's say, let's say for file in file name. So we're going to loop through this. Now when it goes through, it needs to check the, it's going to check the file path. And in the file path, it'll say dot txt dot csv. So let's say, um, if I think it should be dot csv, let's test it on this one. But if csv is in file name or actually it's file. So if it's in file and not in and not not in, but if it's also not in this, I believe, because we're going to check, we're going to check each of those folders. So we're going to loop through, and it's going to check and see if the csv, so if that string is in the file, then what we want to do is check it that it's also not in here. That's actually just the folder we also need. Also, we're not doing that for loop anymore. Um, okay, I'm sorry, I'm talking this through. I'm figuring it out as I go, because I may have forgotten some of this. So we're going to say this, that's the csv files. So we need to check this one. Let's do it like this. Oops. Okay. So it's going to check to see if csv files, and I think it needs that in between it. So it's going to say the path. So there's our path plus slash csv files. Actually, no, it needs to be like this, because we're going to check that. Then I got it. All right, I figured it out now. Then we're going to check if this file is in there. Yeah, so that's right. So it says if the csv is in the file, which is right, where am I looking? Oh, file name. So if it's in that list of the actual files, which is all of these, if we find csv in any of these files, and it's not already in here, so it's going to say path plus csv files. Did I say files? Yes, csv files plus file. Okay, that all looks correct. So if it's not in there, we're going to use shuttle.move. Now this is how we actually move the file. It gives us the ability to move what we want. Then we'll say move. We need to take it from our initial path to our new path. So we're going to specify, we'll separate by comma, we need to specify its original path, which it should just be this without this. I think it should be file path because this is where it is now. It's in the font this path with that file name. Then we need to say we want to move it to here. That is what we want to do. Yeah, so let's check it with just this one and see if it works. Okay, it ran through it. Let's go check. Now that csv file is gone. Perfect. That is exactly what we want it to happen. Now we can just recreate this for both our PNG files or image files and our text files. So we'll say LF and LF and let's do PNG. Then we'll do image files and image files because again, we're just doing the exact same thing. I can do text files. The next one's going to be text files. So this one's going to check for txt. Now do we need anything else? We'll just say else and we'll print off print. This file type is not included or if there's multiple files, we'll say there are files in this path that were not moved. Okay, so if we run through this, it's going to catch our csv, catch our PNG, catch our text and if not, we'll say there are files in this path that were not moved. Exclamation point. All right, now let's run through this. That's because if LF, LF, LF and then it's going to this L statement. I don't know. Let's circle back around to that in a second. All of them were moved properly. That's really good. Really quickly, I'll check and see. I'm going to take that out for now. So I'm just going to run it. We may or may not go back to that, but let's check and see if everything works properly. So let's go into the csv file and we have our csv file. Go into image files and we have our images and let's go into our text file and there are our text files. Now, is there anything else that we need to do? I don't believe so, but what I can do is I can take all this, I can include it in here and I'm going to basically restart it just to see if it works properly from scratch, right? I just want to make sure that I didn't miss anything and we'll delete these. So I'm just going to rerun everything. We imported, we created our path. These are our file names and then when we run this, it should take our folder names, check through them. If they aren't already created, it's going to create it. Don't need it to print. So let's get rid of that. Then for the file within our file names, and it checks each one, we check if there's a csv and if it's already in that file, if it's already in that folder, I mean, if it's in that folder, then it doesn't do anything. But if it isn't, so and not, it's not in there, it is going to move it to that location. So it's going to check csv, png and text. I think everything should work properly. Let's run this. And it looks like it's working. Good, good, good. And perfect. It worked exactly how I'd hoped. That's great. So this is the automatic file sorter in file explorer project. You can go even a step further. So I had to come in here and manually run this. You can go a step further and put a timer on this where it automatically does this maybe every hour, every day, every 30 minutes. You can run this in your background, especially if you create like an execution for this. You can run this in your background. If you are curious on how to do that, I think I did something similar to that in my web scraping project. My Amazon web scraping project, if you want to go check that one out, but we're not going to do it in this project. This is all I wanted to show you how to do. So I hope that this was helpful. I hope that this project was interesting and that you liked it. I hope that you learned something. And so if you did, be sure to like and subscribe below and I will see you in the next video.


Rhaid i chi'n dデlwni, fan i'n gweithio'r dros ydw i'r dod yn ffyddiad diolch yn y sylchroed. Tym, eich ddweud y dysgu i ddweud ddwy i'r gros ond dyma, ac mae'n ddiwedd umruch yn y dylai, ac mae'n defnyddio'n ddiwedd, ond ddwyau'n ddysgu'n ddillaw hi yn ddillwyd y ddigon nhw, i'n amyfiad ar y dyma ni fydd yn dal i'n ddillwy yn ddillwyd wedi weithio'r ddillwyd yn ymwyng. Mae'r cymhiliadau sy'n cymryd yn dweud y Chino yma yw'r angen o'r ffordd o'r angen o'r cymhiliadau sydd yn ymgyrch. Mae'r angen o James Harding. Rwy'n ei ddweud yng Nghymru, ac mae'n gweithio i ddim yn y cyfnod yw'r ysgol... ..y'r cyfônio'r cymhiliadau yw'r cyfnod ymayın. Mae'r rhai cyfnod yma, mae'r cyfnod yma. Mae'n cydweithio'n ddim yn gweithio sydd o sydd o scribu amsorthig. Mae'n cy patron i ddim yn ymdian o'r sydd o bach cyfnod yw'r cyfo-cyfryd yw'r cyfan yma. Mae'n cyfnod yn cael ein gilydd ar y crennwysol sy'n cyfnod o'r angen o'r angen o'r angen o'r ffordd o'r cymhiliadau sydd... y gweld y gwybodaeth a gweld y gweld gwahanol o'r awrchytech yw'r weld. Mae'n gallu'n hawdd y gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio, dych chi'n gweld i'r gweithiau deilio'r ffondi ysgol yn ddifigol yn oed yn rhan y gweithwyr. Mae'n gweithio'r gweithwyr o'r awrchytech a'r prospectau yma, ..a cefnod ffawr, awn newydd y gwir wedi ddyn nhw'n ddod... ..y cymdeithasol ychydig, ac mae'r ddad reinforcing sy'n ffawr. Mae'n ddod y gwir o yllunio cyffredin ym Chino... ..o gyfrifiad y Caer先o o gyfnod yn ymdangosol... ..a'r ddod y gwir o'r ddod y gwir o'r ddod... ..y ffaith y Chino i gydag yn ei hun i'r ateb yn y cwrt yw'r chynllun syll... ..o Mylidol. Chwyddech chi'n gwybod dasbwynt yn y cyfnod mewn ysgol yma, dyma'n gwybod am y ffrindiau am ymlaen nhw, yn ymlaen i'r amser a'r angen ymlaen ymlaen nhw'n eich wneud, a'r angen i'r newydd ymlaen nhw i'r newydd ymlaen nhw i'r newydd ymlaen nhw i'r ffinans. Yn ddad o'r cyfanserau i gynhyrchu'n yn ymlaen nhw'n gwneud. Ac mae'n yn cael fflaen nhw'n gweithio'n gydag, lwybod a dwy amdano i gael dinheiro i ddweud hynny o ffantoriaeth ein dwych mor ymddangos o'r amguedd prayol. Rydym yn llwydd oeth sut yma fe ddweud o gael unrhyw unrhyw prymunistau, eu prymunistau o George'a i'r Yractli Gary Basfili wedi'u gorfa'i ei gweithredu. Mae'r prymunistau o Mongolia, Cyfrdbale Cymig. Mae'r Fyglwyr, y Ministeri Ffnithesnol, yn ymwstafell Mwstafell Mohamed, a'r Fyglwyr Fyglwyr Fyglwyr, ac yn hynny'n gwneud, Benedict Sebotka, yn ymwstafell Cwmbrwynt Cymru yn ymwstafell Cwmbrwynt Cymru, yn ymwstafell Yragei'r Rysau. Mae'r cyfrifioedd yma yma yw'n gwneud yma yw'n gwneud yma yw'n gwirioneddol yw'n gwirioneddol Mi i gyd yn bwysig eich gweithio'r dweud. Mae'n meddwl i'r dweud eich gweithio'n gweithio, ond mae'n gofyniol o'r cyflog o'r golyf. A'i o'r gweithio i gael o'n gweithio'r dweud o'r gweithio, ac mae'n meddwl i'r gweithio'r dweud o'r wathog. Roedd yn fawr i'n meddwl. Roedd amser hynny'n gweithio'n meddwl i'r gweithio i'r gweithio i'r holl ffosiwn ychydig i'r ddafynol, Oes y cysylltu, a gwybod fel ein chyfrifoedd hwnnw i'w arwain, gallwn i'n ddim yn ei ddweud i siarad ti wedi gwelio y chychbl y priwyddiad ymogol i'r angen i'w ddim yn rhani'n llaw os ymlaen o'r oes am ddim yn rhani'n llwyddiad eu ddredd. O'r arddwch chi'n stryd, wrth gwrs, byddai'n wir i tu. Chi'n mynd i'w enw i'r ddweud o'r dyddiad ychydig fel Gwyrgiad, Hands on the opportunity for Georgia. In concrete terms, do you think that this initiative, the idea of a silk road and the idea in practical terms of an Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, will make a meaningful difference in Georgia? Thank you very much, dear friends and distinguished audience. I would like to thank you for inviting us today. First of all, I would say that this is my first trip to China and to Talian, so it's a great opportunity for me to be here and talk about this great idea of the New Silk Road concept. We very much support this idea and I want to talk to you about the Georgia's role into this process. First, I have to say that we have great relationship with China. Georgia and China has been developing strong ties historically. Last year, the biggest investor in Georgia was from China, by the way, and FDI grew by 143% from China to Georgia. So, we are developing great relationship. So, China becomes its fourth largest trade partner for Georgia, for us. So, therefore, it is of great importance for us to have strong ties with this country. I very much support the visionary initiative of the Chinese President, I mean the New Silk Road One Belt One Road concept. As you know, Georgia, with its strategic location, can play a very significant role.  We are growing our economy, we are building democratic institutions, we are strengthening democratic institutions. The business is absolutely free, the media freedom, in terms of media freedom, business freedom were number one in the wider region, I would say. I want to say a few words about Georgia's recent achievements, and then I'll continue about the Silk Road and the Georgia's Road into this project. Last year, we signed the Association Agreement with the European Union, we have free trade with the European Union. We have free trade with CIS countries, including with Russia, with Turkey. Now I want to launch negotiations about free trade with China. I will have a meeting with the Chinese Prime Minister tomorrow, and we are going to discuss about the opportunities that exist in our region. And when it comes to the Silk Road and Georgia's Road as a transit country, it can be interesting in many sense. One thing that I want to mention is that we have proved that we are, as I mentioned, we are a reliable transit country for energy, for transport, and we have an ambition to transform our country into a logistic hub. We would like to build a new port, a new deep-sea water port, with 100 million tonnes per year. This port will be built in seven phases, and then there's a strong interest from the Chinese companies who want to be part of this project. We have launched negotiations about the infrastructure projects, such as the construction of roads, bridges and etc. We're talking about several billion dollar investments in Georgia. You know that Georgia fully supports the creation of AIIB, and I have to tell you that two weeks ago there was a meeting of the founding countries. And representatives came from 50 different countries, and they elected officially the president. By the way, I want to welcome the leadership of this bank. I'm sure that this will be very successful for the region. And I strongly believe that there's a huge potential in this region. The region, which has 60% of the world population, if I'm not wrong, and with lots of UNTEP resources. Can I just ask you, Prime Minister? I'm sorry to interrupt, but I just want to ask you just about the port example. Yes. Because a very concrete example, a very substantial one, clearly it would fit that Georgian ambition of becoming a logistics hub. Is it the case that having an Asian investment partner changes the politics of it as regards Russia, as regards having a US, or what would appear to be a US investment partner. Is that one of the attractions for a country like Georgia of this new financial investment architecture? Well, particularly in this port, I think there is a strong interest from some American companies. Also, as I'm told you, from Chinese companies. And according to, as far as I understand, they have interest to do this port, to realize this project together. So, I think, you know, well, our interest is to make Georgia a place of peace, a center for logistics trade. And, you know, this is our historical mission, I would say. I guess my question is, does it de-politicize within Georgia given the relationship with Russia? I think so, yes. It would de-politize. And I want to tell you that Georgia can be a very effective country in terms of transit of goods from China. And I want to give you an example. The first train from China came to Georgia in nine days. It happened several months ago. It was the first test train. It means that this will actually shorten the period. We're going to, you know, how to say, reduce the time. And we're going to reduce the distance by 7,000 kilometers. It's about saving the money. It's about saving the time. And therefore, I think Georgia can be a very attractive and the shortest route for China. Any general, you know, to connect Asia to Europe is the shortest route. So, therefore, I think that, you know, Georgia can play a very constructive and reliable role into this project. Great. Prime Minister, thank you very much. Thank you. I'll come back to you in a moment. Prime Minister Tumed, can I turn to you? Similarly, there will be great interest in practical terms how this new investment infrastructure can actually make a difference in Mongolia. Do you see practical examples of where it will have an impact? OK. Good afternoon, everybody, ladies and gentlemen. And thank you for this wonderful opportunity. First of all, again, when we start talking about Asian investment, infrastructure investment, bank, these kinds of things, I think it's a second subject. It's more related to tools and financial ways to achieve our goals. First of all, we need to understand what does it mean, one belt, one road definition, and everybody understands differently this term. And by me and somebody will argue, that's not right, but it's fine. Because first of all, I think each country should have their right to call their own one road, one belt. Because in Mongolian terms, it's called New Silk Road, we call it Silk Steep Road. In Chinese meaning, it's Silk Road economic belt. Russians call it Euro-Asian economic corridor. And each country who is presenting here in this hall also understand differently this one road, one belt definition. And that's why everybody has to own their own roads. Because we are not talking about particular roads. If it's not a particular road, it should be a bilateral relationship. Why these many nations when countries will be involved in this discussion? We are not talking about particular road. Also, we are not talking about some kind of build between a couple countries. We are talking about network. And the network itself should be established in real meaning. And for example, when we are connecting Asia with Europe in terms of fiber optic, for example, network, there are dozens of roads connecting Asia with Europe. And that's why one road, one belt definition also should be like that. And each country argue that their road is most important. And Mongolians also cannot argue that. Because the shortest and easiest way to connecting Asia with Europe is through Mongolia. Transiting across Mongolia. And that's why in Mongolians usually talk something like that.  And that's why many roads should be established under this termination of one road, one belt. And you asked about particular approaches for that. And in July 9 of this year, the presidents of three countries, Mongolia, China, Russia, met in the Russian city of Ufa. And we made three lateral agreement establishing this new road. Connecting Russia, Mongolia and China. And five different meaning. First of all, it's red road, second road. Third, it's oil pipeline. And fourth, it's gasification pipeline. And fifth is electric transmission road. And these five meaning we are going to collaborate these three countries. And I think the similar things also will happen between other countries. For example, China with Georgia, China with Malaysia, I don't know. And all this is going to be one belt, one road. And Asian infrastructure development bank is very powerful tool for this purpose. And that's why we are now starting to talk about new electrical transmission lines between Mongolia and China. And also new pipelines between these three countries. And also tomorrow as Georgian Prime Minister, I'm also going to meet with the Chinese counterpart and also Mr Li Ketsen. And also we're going to deal and discuss also about this object. And a particular project is already developed, especially involving private sector companies. And I think we will be in good shape to establish these new roads. And combining with other countries' new roads, I think under this meaning we will going to have this new silk road. And we start to feel, from the beginning we started to feel like this is the particular, the correct one, the most route. I think this idea going to have very challenging. And other countries will also discuss and argue with that. That's why it's not alternative to each other. It's a combination of an established big network around this idea, this definition. It's the most important thing. I appreciate that. And I really appreciate the point you're making about not being one road or one belt, a network. While we are teasing away at that, there's some people who say it's not really a road at all. That there's a rather romantic idea people have of the, whether you call it the silk road or the steppe road or even a corridor. But actually these are really infrastructure and particularly commodity investments. And they are going to be, possibly not even roads, more like holes in the ground. From a Mongolian point of view, do you think that the primary areas of investment are going to be around energy and commodities? Or do you think they are going to be around transport and infrastructure networks? For example, Mongolia, very plenty of natural resources. We have about more than 80 different natural minerals resources. It's old, mini-live, this table is out there. Over 6,000 deposit areas. The estimated wealth of about 1.3 trillion US dollars. And that's why we have wealth. And other countries has also financial power and also know-how technology. And the good mix of this wealth and technology, I think this is the whole idea of connecting each other, establishing this network. And that's why, again, these Asian investment and fracture banks activities plus collaboration between countries, this is just the powerful tools to achieving, to connecting, to establishing this very important network between countries. Distributing this wealth, distributing this technology, distributing this financial resources among the parties. That's the most important thing in terms of establishing one belt, one road concept. Terrific. Prime Minister, thank you. I'd like to come back to you. I'd like to have a discussion a little later on about the geopolitics of this. But I'm going to turn now to Minister Mustafa Mohammed. We really appreciate you being here. And to get the perspective from Malaysia is really interesting because, of course, the kinds of, the involvement of Malaysia is in some ways different. How do you see, A, this policy, but B also the opportunities for economic cooperation that change as a result of it? Thank you, James. I do trade and investments for my country. And I would like to answer this in two parts. Firstly, the national perspective, my country. Secondly, the regional, just ASEAN. For Malaysia, China is our number one trading partner. And Malaysia is the biggest trading partner for China in ASEAN, among the 10 with number one. So you can see how important this is for Malaysia. We've enjoyed hundreds of years of close collaboration. Plus, we've got a significant Chinese majority who speak Mandarin and all that. So when we've got what we call the comprehensive strategic partnership with China, and we see this as an opportunity to further strengthen ties. I mean, very strong trade ties, investments. Incidentally, for every dollar that China has in Malaysia, we've got $6 here in China. We have more Malaysian money in China than there is Chinese money in Malaysia, ratio 6 to 1. So this is an opportunity to balance, I mean get more Chinese money into Malaysia. Now $6 here, our people's money here, and $1 in Malaysia. So this initiative is an opportunity for us to get more investments from China. So from the strict national perspective, this is very important because we are building upon a relationship which is already there for many years to raise it to an even higher level. So we are excited about this. We created a lot of interest in my country. And we believe this will further strengthen ties between Malaysia and China. That's the national perspective. Regional, and this year we chair ASEAN. ASEAN is known as a grouping of 10 countries. And Malaysia chairs ASEAN. I just chaired the ASEAN Economic Minister's meeting and we had a meeting with our counterparts from eight other countries including China. And we see this as an opportunity to further strengthen ties. ASEAN is growing rapidly, average 5.1% in recent years. This year probably a small dip. But by and large, ASEAN is a dynamic region. 625 million people growing more than 5% per annum in recent years. A growing middle class Indonesia is the fourth largest country in the world. 25 million in ASEAN rich countries and poor countries. Good mix. And many of these countries are looking for opportunities to increase investments. And also improve infrastructure. So some was looking at this as an opportunity to complement what the World Bank and ADB. I mean these institutions have been there for a long time. But we know that that's not sufficient. There's an estimate that there's a financing gap of probably about $500 billion in the next 5-10 years. As far as infrastructure is concerned. So in almost every ASEAN country there's a policy to beef up infrastructure development. And ASEAN Member States are looking at this initiative as an opportunity to step up. And to provide the financing gap that's needed to increase, to improve infrastructure. So that's how we're looking at this initiative. That's the regional perspective. And of course there's maritime and also the road across land. Maritime is the sea. And in this unique position we are in both. We are on land. We are lost with border with China, Vietnam. So interestingly in that, that will be the one road. One belt, one road. And the other is a maritime. And for me in Malaysia we already have connections. This is Chinese company which has already bought 40% of one port in the Malaysian state. And the reason why they did that more than a year ago is to probably support this initiative. So it is already happening. And next week there's a big delegation coming from province in China to one province in Malaysia to talk about construction of ports and maritime part. So it is already happening. So in summary we have been having strong ties with China. And we see this as an opportunity to further enhance bilateral cooperation. That's how I look at it from my point of view in Malaysia. But that's also how my Iceland colleagues are looking at the one belt, one road initiative. So we're quite excited. And can I ask you minister, as I've said to the Georgian Prime Minister, I can see from a Georgian point of view that a big level of Asian investment in something like a port could actually depoliticise, take some of the tension out of a big infrastructure project in that part of the world. Certainly in the UK where you've seen high levels of Chinese investment, there has been a body of opinion that's been suspicious of it and questioned whether or not Chinese investment into big infrastructure projects raised questions about control in the economy. Given the relationship between Malaysia and China, what are the issues there for the Malaysian government and a Malaysian public opinion? We've been an open economy. In manufacturing, you can have 100% foreign ownership, for example, and we have a fairly liberal environment in services as well, and Chinese have been in Malaysia for a long time. For example, in construction, Chinese have been, I mean I talked about trade, about investments, but there's also this construction context. The Chinese companies have been winning lots of contracts in Malaysia. The second bridge linking Penang Island to the mainland was partly built and financed, and financed by the Chinese. We've had quite a number of companies from China involved in property development in Malaysia. Because of this historical relationship, I'm not saying that there's no problem at all, but probably it's not like, say, UK where you come from in some of the countries perhaps, because we have had 600-700 years of close ties with China. So it's not a major issue in Malaysia. Well, that leads me happily, Professor Wu-Shin-Boor, into the question really, which is, what is China's motivation with the Silk Road and the investment banks? What do you think is the longer-term plan? Well, I think this study with China's search for opportunities to promote overseas trade and investment. When the Chinese economy reaches a point that you really need to re-adjust, restructure your economy and rely less on domestic market and promote your overseas investment. And also domestically, there is a problem of the production surplus. So you really, for example, we have built a huge network of highways and high-speed rails. So we have the experience and construction capacity. When we finish doing this, what should we do? Naturally, you look around to find new opportunities. So I would say that this idea comes from China's search for a new model of its economic development. And also we very quickly find out that we cannot do the traditional things when we try to promote overseas trade investment by simply signing the traditional free trade agreement or the investment treaty with others. Because many of our neighbors, they are not developer economies. And you really help them to stimulate their trade and their need for investment. So I think the real cutting edge is really to help them to develop their underdeveloped infrastructure so that it can promote the economic growth. That will create more opportunities for trade and investment needs from China. So basically this is a kind of win-win situation. And also I think if there is a kind of geopolitical dimension of this consideration, is that if China is going to sustain its peace and stability in its neighborhood, you really need to help its neighbors to develop the economy to stabilize the regional situation. So that requires development as a key to solve many of the traditional challenges to stability and security in this region. It's really interesting if I can summarize those two points. The argument that says China's own investment phase begins to slow. It has colossal construction capacity. Where is going to take that? And therefore these investments serve not only those international economies but its own, but also that economic growth in its neighborhood help deal with tensions, help deal with some of the diplomatic challenges it faces. Of course there's a different lens isn't there that's sometimes put on this whole policy out of Washington which is this is an attempt not just by China in fact by many countries across Asia to try and address what is seen as an imbalance in the international financial institutions and recognize the importance of China and other Asian countries within that multilateral funding context. And it's part of a bigger change which is about China's recognition in the world. You didn't mention those things. Is that something that is imposed from the outside also felt internally? When we think about the better road we didn't have the objective of challenging the existing multilateral international financial institutions. But I wouldn't say that when China started to pursue let's say the AIIB secret road fund it will not have any impact on the current existing US-led multilateral institutions. On the positive side it will help complement the infrastructure financing gap that many Asian countries are facing. For example today I think water bank and ADB can only provide 2% of the infrastructure fund that Asian countries need. So there is a big gap and China is trying to fill the gap. So in that sense AIIB can be complementary to water bank and ADB in this sense. On the other hand it will also create some competition and even pressure that is people have all blamed that ADB they have been slow, efficient, not doing a good job in providing enough funding for infrastructure development. So when China started its own project like AIIB along with other countries and also secret road fund that will get ADB to think more seriously about improving its decision making process project designing and focusing more on investment infrastructure. So yes there will be some impact but in the long term as this will make the existing multilateral institutions more efficient and more competitive. Thank you. Can I, spontaneous applause is always welcome. Bendick Sabotka, can I take on that point because some people will look at the investment world now and think there's just a plethora of different multilateral investment institutions. We've talked a bit about the AIIB, we've talked a touch about the new Silk Road funds, there's the new BRICS development fund from a very practical point of view. Sitting where you sit, chief executive of a company that's had really substantial investments take Kazakhstan. Will you talk us through in practical terms how the changes are making a difference on the ground? Thank you, James. I wanted to slightly come back to the virgin point before I come to your question. The new Silk Road initiative is a huge understatement, a huge understatement in my opinion. When I'm invited for dinners in China I like to give a toast and I would like to give the toast to the word China in Chinese which is Tunguo, which if I pronounce it correctly, half way at least, means the middle kingdom. Actually it is in a way the center of the world that has been for the last 2,000 years, the last 100 years were the exception to the rule. The last 1,900 years were the rule. We're actually just coming back to what China actually always was, one of these centers, if not the center of the world. For me it's much bigger than just logistics or building infrastructure, building roads, building projects. This is much more about moving from being an economic superpower as a country alone, stand alone into being a regional superpower. In the course of that projecting geopolitical influence across the region as well. I was born in Germany so I can understand how a country that is as an economic influence and has had for many years, is now slowly coming to terms with the fact that it also has to take some geopolitical and geopolitical responsibility for the region it operates and obviously on a much smaller scale. I think the unwilling hegemon, I think they call it in the economist. For us I think what is unique and what is very different to what we've seen in the past is the way how systematic the government in China goes about implementing it. Here I talk particularly about the institutions that have been put in place and how effective these Chinese institutions support the private sector and the peristatal sector in implementing projects. Particularly I would like to mention Chinese Exim Bank, Chinese Development Bank. A plethora of state-owned companies from MCC, NFC, engineering companies that build projects rolled, China Rail, China Hydro, a large amount of private companies that come in the tailwind of those state-owned companies. It's about the scale and the effectiveness of the execution I think is a real game changer. For us we have, we employ about 75,000 people around the world in the resource sector which probably is not the sexiest industry to be in at the moment, for everyone will know. For us it's a reality when China gets a cold we got pneumonia because we so much depend on Chinese consumers buying our products, because it's in cobalt, it's in copper, iron or aluminium, it's all about China. Most of our commodities we're starting to trade in R&B. So we're already seeing today what I think other industries are going to see very soon as that it's all going to be about China because such a major player, such an enormous factor in the world. So again coming back to the Silk Road point, it's much bigger than just an idea or a romantic idea. And to talk about what it specifically means, we just actually, and that's why I was so impressed because I'm still under the impression of the meetings we had last week in China in the presence of the Kazakh president and the Chinese president. We signed, as part of this New Silk Road initiative, we signed investment projects sponsored by CDB, Exxon Bank, Sinashure and others for infrastructure and industrial projects in Kazakhstan and in Africa over $2.5 billion. And I could feel, I mean those were proud of 20 other projects worth over $25 billion just for Kazakhstan, $25 billion. That is a huge number even for China of outward investment, policy sponsored, supported by policy banks. For us it means we can actually now build projects much faster with the available funding that may not have been available at the speed. And of course a lot of those products will go back into China. So today we sell about 20% of our materials into China. That number will go up, it will increase. So for us the Silk Road, particularly in Kazakhstan, it's a reality. 20% of Kazakh's export go into China, 20% of the oil that's being produced in Kazakhstan is produced by Chinese companies. So when I hear people talk about how this is going to happen and how it's going to come, it's here, it's already there. Can I ask you, one of the questions that surrounded the development funding that's coming out of Asia and led by China has been about the nature of the conditions attached. Over the past 20 years, probably a few more than that, there's been this growing debate about the extent to which the institutions headquartered in Washington have sought to use infrastructure investment as a lever for issues around the environment, social justice, other forms of rights. Is it the case that the kind of infrastructure investment you'll get from China or Asia is less onerous when it comes to those kinds of conditions? I wouldn't say so. I think the standards that are required by the Chinese policy banks are very similar to the international policy banks, if not identical. And in some cases, particularly when it comes to environmental requirements, they might even be stricter. So I wouldn't say this. I think the big difference is in business we call it the getting a done factor. Our experience with some of the international institutions has been that they don't always get things done at the speed that the private businesses need to get things done, whereas in China, we get things done. That's the major difference in the international institutions and the Chinese institutions that are supporting in a very systematic way the implementation of the cycle. Interesting. All right. I'd like to pause for a second because if listening to all of you, actually what's really striking is the level of enthusiasm and excitement around A, the initiative and B, the mechanisms behind it, I just wanted to go back to, we'd like to have the two prime ministers here. I just wanted to go back and ask you a little bit about the geopolitics of it. And to give us, if you like, a very specific view from Tbilisi, from Ulaanbaugh Tawr, because I think it's often the case that when you see the expression of economic power in the form that Mr Sabotka was talking about, there's a presumption that this is met with some suspicion whether it's in Georgia or in Mongolia. And I just wanted to understand from you how you see that, how you see managing the relationship now in effect between Beijing, Moscow and Washington. Can I start with you, Prime Minister? Thank you for this interesting question. So that's why I said that we want to make our country a place of understanding, a place of negotiations and peace. And that's why we said that we want to transform our country into a hub, into a center where Chinese or American or other countries or other companies will invest in. And this would benefit for everyone. Because if you look at the map, if you look at Georgia's location, this is the crossroad, where the crossroad and where the shortest route, as I said, between Asia and Europe. So therefore I think we should be very flexible. One thing is that we have this political vector that we want to get closer to the EU and as well we signed this association agreement, but it doesn't limit us to work closely to develop strong economic trade ties with the Asian countries to have pragmatic and I would say strong economic trade relations with Russia. And if you look at our policy, the policy of the new government, which I represent, we have been very pragmatic with respect to the neighborhood, especially with Russia. And when I said that we are pragmatic, we fully understand the responsibility of Georgia in the region. Because if Georgia is destabilized, it destabilized the whole region, I mean the Caucasus region, and this corridor that we're talking about. So therefore I think this is essential that we agree on one thing, that we need stability. I'm sorry to interrupt, but I'm really interested to know whether or not you think that a strong economic relationship with China and Asia more generally, but particularly with China, will over time prove to be more valuable in managing the relationship with Russia than the EU or US relationships? Well I think we can find many mutually beneficial interests, and this could be one of the reasons. And I think this could help de-escalate the tension, or as we said, de-polite size. If you build a port, if you have a Chinese company, we should say that it opens up new opportunities. We have a big player, a huge player in the region, and it kind of creates a balance. And here I strongly believe that this is the mission and this is the role of Georgia. By the way, I want to add a few words that last year at the UN General Assembly, 69th UN General Assembly, I announced about the establishment of a Tbilisi Silk Road Forum. By the way, for the first time in October, 15th and 16th, we're going to hold a very high level international Tbilisi Silk Road Forum. And let me take this opportunity and invite you all, so you are more than welcome to join us. We have about 200 delegates, a big delegation from China, about 200 members. Many European states are the countries from Central Asian countries. So I think this would be another opportunity to talk about the potential, to talk about the opportunities that exist in our country. And I also want to tell you that in March we signed the cooperation agreement already with the Silk Road Fund. So we're developing this stronger ties. Firstly, let me give a quick plug to a visit to Tbilisi, one of the most lovely cities in the world and a beautiful country. Prime Minister, can I ask you the same question? You've got some experience. And Mongolia's second biggest landlocked country in the world after Kazakhstan. We always thought this is our biggest disadvantage, but apparently it's becoming our biggest advantage now. Of course, Mongolia is now surrounded by two big oceans. In the north, it's a Russian economy, eight in the world, and one of the biggest suppliers in the world. In the south, we have a second economy of the world, and the biggest consumer and also supplier in the world. And that's why it's also a good advantage. But again, you raised about the issues of geopolitics, etc. We have to consider about it, because as a country, when you are surrounded by two big economies, two big neighbors, of course there is a huge influence, and this is our priority for foreign policy. But also we have foreign policy, it's called third-neighbour policy. Under third-neighbour, we assume that any country except our two direct neighbors, and that's why Japan, that's why EU, US, it's under third-neighbour umbrella policy. And also we need to consider again one very important factor in our region, because not only the investment, the invested investment bank, but also Chinese also. I'm sorry, Japanese also trying to also play very active in this region, and just recently Prime Minister Japan Shinza Abe also announced that about also 110 billion US dollars investment also going to distribute through GPAC and JICA, something like these organizations also investing in regional infrastructure development. And that's why these kinds of opportunities also giving us some kind of good patterns to keep between our neighbors. And also as you mentioned that international institutions like World Bank, National Development Bank and other institutions, that's the giving us some kind of confidence that we will be in pretty good shape by balancing all these economic powers. That's very interesting, and clearly this Japanese element is a really, is a very interesting feature of this. I said that we'd make sure we have good 15 minutes for questions, comments, and so I want to make sure that we honour that. Can I abuse my position though to start with? I was having an interesting conversation with Chun Guo Gang just before we started. He's the Vice President of the China Minsheng Investment Corporation. And Mr Chun, you've got an investment in Indonesia that's in exactly this territory. I wondered whether you could talk from a Chinese private sector point of view about this policy and how it's changing your thinking at China Minsheng. Sorry, I speak Chinese. So I listened to the remarks from ministers and prime ministers on one road and one silk initiative. As for the private companies, we are beginning to see more opportunities. So as a matter of fact, the private companies in China has a history of only about 30 years after China started the opening up policy to the outside. However, at present, the private companies takes about 65% of the economic total volume. So as a result, as mentioned just now, we are facing the overcapacity of production. And therefore, the One Road, One Belt initiative has provided us with more opportunities showing us the directions for the future development. As mentioned just now, it's not a matter of one specific road. It is indicating the direction for the future development, how we can invest and in what way and where we can invest. So this is what we are more interested in. If we, just like what happened before, now invest as a single entity, it would not be as effective as we have a collective power, collective strength. Our company, the Minsheng Investment Company, has a very short history. We hope that we can set up a platform on which not only the private companies can pull their resources, but also find opportunities by working together to go global. So that is to say, if individual companies go abroad to invest, it's not as powerful as the investment through the collective power. As a result, we will be more risk resistant. So One Belt One Silk initiative, to some extent, has provided us with more opportunities. And at the same time, it is also a kind of a safeguard for our investment. Recently, we have decided to invest in about 500,000 American dollars to set up an industry park. About 10 shareholders are very interested in this. They have decided to join this big program. So we hope that we can do this project well by working together with the Chinese government and local governments and also the local communities. We hope that we can produce a good program so that more private companies are interested in it or get interested in it. Questions, comments, points of view, I'd ask you just one thing.  Yes, man, there's a lady there, and then there's a gentleman at the back. Thank you very much. A question to Professor Wu in recent years. China is trying to promote the construction of railway networks overseas. And it is the same to Japan. There is a competition between China and Japan in terms of the construction of railways. However, it seems that both are losers in the competition. So is it possible for us to have a co-operation rather than fierce competition between the two countries? Thank you very much. Sorry, I didn't hear your name. Professor Wu, I'm going to come to you in a second. There's a gentleman at the back who also had a question. Did he know he's now doing something else? Let's do railway competition between China and Japan. An example of infrastructure investment in which no one seems to win. Is that right? We can make this a win-win situation. This is very interesting because in the past Japan was the leader in East Asia in terms of trade and investment. But in the last 10 years, China owed to Japan in frozen economic relations with many of our neighbors. Including FTA with Asian countries now promoting infrastructure development. And Japan tried to catch up and compete with China. So now wherever China goes, Japan follows and compete with China. Sometimes, of course, this will provide better opportunities for the host country. Because they have two. You compete with each other. They can get a better offer from either of you. But your comment is a good question whether in the future this competition can also become some coordination, cooperation, collaboration. I think it depends on the political willingness. For example, in the international market, China and India, we used to compete for the construction contracts in Africa or the Middle East. I think there are more than one cases in which the two countries decided to cooperate rather than compete with each other. So that's a win-win situation for both sides. So I think theoretically, yes, this opportunity exists. But in reality, that depends on a lot of factors. Particularly the political relations between two countries. Other questions or comments? Ma'am, yes, it's a lady here. So I'm from the Institute of International Economic Trade Corporation of the Ministry of Commerce. So just now, I listened to your comments on one Silk Road, one Silk economic belt. I heard a lot about the economic cooperation. I think it's more important for us to get back to the intention, the origin of this important initiative. We hope that according to the Chinese government, so in the coming 10 years, the trade volume between China and the neighboring countries will be doubled to about 2.5 trillion more American dollars. So that is to say, in this initiative, trade is a very important issue. China will not only export, but also import with the focus on the quality. So I hope more attention can be directed to this. And we also hope that we can see more imports from our neighboring countries. Gentleman at the back who's got his hand up to... So I'm from China first finance newspaper. My question is to the Prime Minister of Georgia. Just now, you talked about the deep water port with a capacity of 100 million tonnes. I would like to know what is the money to be invested in it and which companies, Chinese companies, are more interested in it. Thank you. I'm just in order to make sure that we have time to finish up properly. I'm going to leave those questions there. If I may, Prime Minister, I'm going to ask you to answer that first. And then, if I can, I'll ask Minister Bustav Mohamed just to address the question about trade. The waiting has been around investment in this conversation, but just the trade point. Prime Minister of Georgia. Well, thank you for your question regarding the deep sea water port in Anaklia, the Black Sea that we're going to build. We're talking about the private investments of local companies, Georgian companies. American companies, Chinese companies, big companies from China, just China Power and CRCC, if I'm not wrong. They're going to invest into this port. It's a $5 billion investment in total. As I said, it's 100 million tonnes per year. It will have the capacity. But we're going to develop this port in seven phases. So this is the private investment, as I said. Thank you. Thank you, Prime Minister. Minister Mohamed, the point that Madam Shin made about trade is clearly quite a forceful one. We'll just address it from a later point of view. Thank you, James. A couple of points. Firstly, an overall comment, which is it's got to be a win-win trade on investment. It's got to be mutually beneficial. That's very important. The balance of benefits has got to be quite as balanced as possible. That's a very important point. Benefits China and benefits all of us. That way you can get buy-in. On trade, yes, it did. We want China to import from... It's not just China exporting, also China importing. But besides that, there's investments, of course. Tourism, there's connectivity. People to people, young people, university. So it is more than trade. It is more than exports. It is imports, investments, tourism, people to people, culture, physical connectivity. The impact is not limited only to... It's not just economic. It's more than economic, socio-economic. That's why there's some exciting possibilities going forward. I think that's why there is this excitement. One has got to look beyond trade and one has got to look beyond economic commerce. It's more than that. Thank you, James. Thank you very much. I said that we'd finished promptly at 4.30. And we will. One of the odd requirements of the World Economic Forum is to try to summarise what can be, as Mr Subbock rightly pointed out, an historic change. And I think that, or at least I hope that, what you've heard here this afternoon, both in the level of support that we've heard from the Prime Minister of Georgia and Mongolia, from the Minister of Trade and Investment from Malaysia, but also in concrete terms from private sector executives, people like Mr Chinggore Gung from Benedict Subbotka, is a sense that, led by China, an Asian wave of infrastructure is going to have a fundamental impact on not just operations on the ground, very large infrastructure projects and new routes of trade, but also the diplomatic relations between countries that stretch all the way from here to the borders of Europe. I think that if there is one single thing to take away is this phrase that we've heard again and again, this sense that in each case it has to be an economic win-win and the new reality of being able to exploit competition in the multilateral investment world in order that each country and private sector companies too can pursue those investment opportunities. Thank you to all of you for sparing the time this afternoon. I know there's a great many demands on your time here in Dalyen these next few days. We really appreciate you spending the time, but thank you in particular, I hope to our extremely informative panel. Thank you very much.


TLO what's poppin? We are on twitch. We are not live But you can leave a like comment subscribe turn on your post notification bells. Let's continue to grow the family from Chicago to the UK Yeah, we're doing a music reaction Normally there will be a Spotify playlist behind me forgot to put it up, but you got to be rated a seven or better to get on there Let's get into it to even be considered though. You can be a seven or better and still not make it This is gigs mad about bars You know, I gotta remind the game There's levels to this free-starting and from day one we set them So let's make some history SRV separation confirmed Keynote ring with a Hoover. Okay It's a tell song to do this too because the original was so hard gigs Coming up on Mad about bars enough said Talk to me pep in a wax bunch of maniacs Smelling the path for nailing when we jumping Maybach's They put dirt on my name so manner to up the game plan Manning Romeo mobs as they couldn't touch a maid man.  They made a toast and they drank I'm manning them up in the box. I tell you it's up when they land So is them up in the yo. I'm telling you trust me they found Right from my Pegasus. I pay for all my membership pray for my nemesis.  Yeah, that's my crowdy my tires I'm battling with my walls left some niggas mortified.  This has to be more than infuse if the arts to me about hope my show All these heavy links. It must be hard to be my phone Not in the back of 14 ain't gonna bounce up all like tennis. She's not into the talking She wanna dance is psychedelics This didn't do anything for me It didn't do nothing for me man.  There were some lines in there, but I was I felt bored at one point I lost focus at another point like this one for me tell only the like comment Am I skipping it? Absolutely. This is very skippable scandal one to ten. We gotta rate it One being stop rapping ten being the best thing I ever heard five being average. This is two


Everybody forest here ripping 20 22 tops. Sorry 23 top Star Wars signature series 20 bucks case random hit style will type in the hits as we go along here and random at the end to see who gets what Thanks for joining everybody. Best of luck Last break of the night guys make sure you get your spots for tomorrow and release day Wednesday Care I'm not what every time you broke a star I thought you had the break Not your voice we had to talk as like upset I would be Turned to the dark side I would Got a sefton vanik auto sefton vanik is Joseph Alton Sefton vanik base out of there cry myself to sleep every night. I will got a imperial freighter pilot auto Alexander Wraith imperial freighter pilot. Let's see a big one here God bartender auto Allen graph bartender I don't think so Hey, Aura sing on the orange auto nine out of ten Michelle Boria you From the Phantom Menace there nine to ten orange like a hair color match hair and shirt color match Makes sense it makes sense Baru Lars auto number 2225 Vani piece as Baru Lars 25 Solid numbered cards there see if we can do a little see we do better Lyra Urso auto Lyra Urso as Veline Kane base auto Mon Mothma auto as you get it's gone down in the beginning Caroline Blackison Mon Mothma auto Pamich Niro good auto Crystal Clark Pamich Niro good Grand Moff Tarkin auto guy Henry is Grand Moff Tarkin. Sorry. I'm so shaky guys I need to get some sugar after this last break of the night though bead auto bead Scott Capuro the next up is edgerio two tubes auto edgerio two tubes is David Accord for LOM auto Chris Parsons for LOM Come on now. Come on See a big hit. Well, we started picking up in like last few boxes last break Rio Durant auto Katie Cartwell Rio Durant Corrin Treller is Demetrius Bistrovsky Corrin Treller base auto next up is a Garfalla clocks 37 to 50 Garfalla clocks auto is Barry Loughlin.  We're not last episode, but like yeah, I guess last couple Let's do the random. Good luck everybody Randomize the names and the hits same amount of time to put them side by side to see who gets what Say 12 6 and 6 names first 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Jake D down to Francis D and 12 times on the hits 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 and 12 Mon Mothma down to edgio two tubes here in Fox swiper Make swiper from Dora is a fox Jake D. Mon Mothma Jordan B. Barul Lars Jake D with Azur Bridger Scott F are a sing Gregory S Rio Durant Adelot axe wolves Francis D for LOM Daniel I Rick Olie and Pamich Nero good Eric G bartender Sean R. Corin trawler Francis D. Luminara Jake D Sefton Vannick mark a grandma of Tarkin Joshua V. Evan Peel Eric G Lyra Urso mark a Imperial freighter pilot Jake D. Garfalla clocks Gregory S bead in Francis D. Edgrio two tubes Which results posted we'll start the next break tomorrow morning