I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees.  And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me, as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Redfellabybox.org, by Algy Pug. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees.  And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me, as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Redfellabybox.org, by I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees.  And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me, as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Redfellabybox.org, by Caitlyn Buckley. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river and the wind, fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me, as one who dreams. I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Richard Hovey. Redfellabybox.org, by Chad Horner from Balli Clare, in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Set jaded in the north east of the island of Ireland. The 9th of November, 2019. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river. And the wind fell, like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me, as one he dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carmen and Richard Hovey. Redfellabybox.org, by David Lawrence. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river. And the wind fell, like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me, as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Richard Hovey. Redfellabybox.org, by Eva Davis. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river. And the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me, as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Redfellabybox.org, by Graham Scott Cheltenham, England. GrahamScottAudio.com. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river. And the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me, as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Ian King and Newgate Novelist. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river. And the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me, as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Joseph Campbell. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river. And the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, sweetly smiling, answered me as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Leanne Howlett. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river. And the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Lynette Colkins, in Colorado, USA. A dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river. And the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Larry Wilson. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river. And the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. Then when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Matthea Bratchich. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river. And the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Paolo Fulhancio. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river and the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which poets still go sorrowing. Then when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Fellabybox. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river and the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Peter Yersley. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river and the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Tverish. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river and the wind fell like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. This only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain. Nocturne, in au jus, by Bliss Carman and Richard Hovey. Red Fellabybox.org, by Winston Tharp. I dreamed of Sappho on a summer night. Her nightingales were singing in the trees beside the castled river and the wind felt like a woman's fingers on my cheek. And then I slept and dreamed and marked no change. The night went on with me into my dream. The only I remember, that I cried, O Sappho, ere I leave this paradise, sing me one song of those lost books of yours, for which we poets still go sorrowing. That when I meet my fellows on the earth, I may rejoice them more than many pearls. And she, the sweetly smiling, answered me as one who dreams, I have forgotten them. End of poem. This recording is in the public domain.


Figuring your depreciation deduction you can figure your maker's depreciation deduction in one of two ways The depreciation is substantially the same both ways You can figure the deduction using either the depreciation method and convention that apply over the recovery period of The property or the percentage from the maker's percentage tables So in other words, you can basically kind of calculate the depreciation So if it's a double declining basis, you can kind of calculate the depreciation But the double declining in particular gets confusing especially when you throw in the half-year convention and whatnot So you could see you could use the percentage tables, which basically are you know They've short-cutted some of the calculations obviously in practice will probably use software to calculate it But we still want to have an idea of what's going to happen into the future and if we can calculate out into the future These these costs that also helps us to do projections because tax software often helps us for the current year and possibly into the next year But if it's a 30-year property or something, we might want it or any year property five-year property Well, we might want to project out further to make our decisions So in this publication, we will use the percentage tables for instructions on how to compute the depreciation You could see chapter four of publication nine four six if you so choose Residential rental property you must use the straight line method and a mid-month convention for residential rental property So the big stuff the actual property itself straight line Which is the most basic convention the first thing we would think of when we think of this concept of depreciating but it's the worst one for in terms in Comparison to to an accelerated method like double declining because we would rather get depreciation sooner rather than later Which makes sense from the IRS's perspective for real estate because although real estate the building deteriorates over time It's possible that the real estate of course goes up in value just due to the location Which is different than other pieces of equipment and stuff like that So it kind of makes sense that we wouldn't accelerate the depreciation but rather kind of depreciate it evenly Over the the useful life, which would be fairly long you would think right so in the first year that you claim depreciation The residential rental property you can claim depreciation only for the number of months the property is in use So I use the mid-month convention explained under conventions earlier So then you got the five seven fifteen year property for property in the five seven or seven year class Used the 200% declining balance So that's the one we get the better benefit method the double declining balance the accelerated method up front more complex to calculate But it's better for taxes because usually we get the benefit sooner, which is usually better It's also by the way Conceptually sound oftentimes from an accounting standpoint because if you buy something like a forklift You might say hey straight line isn't as accurate as double declining just to be fair because the forklift It's going to be more productive in the first first year than the late latter years Therefore I should allocate more of the cost and the beginning years when I get more of the benefit and then into the latter year So it's still a conceptually sound. It's not just a quite crazy wacky political, you know thing So any case so that's the double declining method and a half-year convention So however in limited cases you must use the mid-quarter convention if it applies We talked about the whole convention thing half year is the is the standard unless something funny happens You bought a bunch of stuff at the end of the year in which case you flop on over to mid half Mid-quarter so the property in 15-year class uses the 150 double declining method So that's accelerated but not as accelerated as 200 method and a half-year convention unless the mid-year convention applies So you can also choose to use the hundred and fifty percent double declining method for property in the five or seven year classes So in other words, they're giving you a little bit of leeway and the five or seven you could say I got two hundred percent Double declining I could default down to 150 But normally you wouldn't want to do that because we'd rather have the depreciation sooner rather than later unless We have we're expecting to have more income in the future than currently and therefore We're going to be in higher tax brackets in the future in which case Maybe it would be advantageous to delay the depreciation so that we can take it when we have higher income or something possibly So the choice to use the 150 method for for one item in a class of property applies to all property in that class So then you have to kind of think about it as the whole class total if you're flopping it over from 150 to 200 to 150 placed in service during the tax year you make this election on form four five six two part three column F Enter 150 double DB once you make this election, you can't change it You can't be flip-flopping after you've started a depreciation method got to be consistent So if you use either the 200 percent or 100 for percent DB double declining balance Method figure your deduction using the straight line method and the first tax year That the use of the straight line method gives you an equal or larger deduction Then the use of the 200 or 150 DB method so it gets a little bit funny when you when you think about the calculations From straight line to double declining because what happens is like like if you had a well We'll probably if you had a straight line method That was for an entire year Then it would come out to the same number as a double declining balance with a half year convention So that kind of confuses people Because that first year looks like a straight line method any case You can you can also choose to use the straight line method with a half year or mid quarter convention for five seven or 15 year Property so now we have the option 200% that's probably the best most of the time But sometimes maybe we want to default down to the 150 if we think we're gonna make more money in future periods or something or possibly all The way down to straight line which means it's gonna take us longer Or we're gonna get more depreciation at the end or you know, then we would under the double decline it So the choice to use the straight line method for one item in a class of property applies to all property in that class That is placed in service during the tax year of the depreciation You elect the straight line method on form four five six two part three column F enter S dash L


like our our next speaker Anne Logan from the Great Basin Unified Control District has her presentation up and so she's rapidly advancing up to the front of the room and again although we're running behind please take your full 15 minutes for the presentation. Okay I'm Anne Logan the deputy air pollution control officer for Great Basin Unified air pollution control district and I am going to pick up where Phil and Grace left off and the history of Owens Lake and the district is really critical to understand where we are today but I'm going to focus on the current dust control status and current regulatory framework under which this district operates its monitoring and enforcement activity. So to provide kind of the simplest overview of the current regulatory framework still provided the history of all the different iterations of SIPP and supplemental control requirements determinations that have been the district has been through. The current regulatory framework really consists of two main components and the first is the control plan and that's contained in the 2016 Owens Valley planning area state implementation plan and that provides the overview of the control strategy to attain the federal PMPEN standard. The legal requirements and enforce enforcement mechanisms for that plan are contained in three primary regulatory documents both to both that being the district governing board order 1604-1301 and district rule 433 both the 2016 SIPP and district rule 433 were approved by EPA and California Health and Safety Code 42316 which was originated in 1983 provides that the district can require the city of Los Angeles to undertake reasonable measures to mitigate air quality impacts of its activities for production, divergence, storage and conveyance of water of dust control development and currently the three main back homes are shallow flooding managed vegetation and gravel with provisions in shallow flooding for tillage and brine. It's important to note that the dust control season for Owens Lake for which the requirements of these back home needs to be met is October 16th to June 30th. It isn't the full year. These back home include about five square miles of gravel and back home managed vegetation shallow flooding has the largest acreage with almost 30 square miles shallow flooding in several different ways by DWP including shallow flood flooding ponds and sprinklers. There's about three square miles of brine and tillage dust control efficiency areas which are reduced control efficiencies that are allowed in specific areas and also of nine square miles of dust control that have been ordered. 1.2 square miles of that have been deferred. So in 2013 the city and district agreed upon provisions that allow significant environmental and cultural resources that met specific provisions to be deferred for dust control and we have just over one square mile of those areas today. Since today require a lot of responsible for the operations and maintenance and the district is responsible for the monitoring and enforcement of these best available home measures. The district's activities are really separated into two main components and that is ambient air quality monitoring the primary purpose of which is to determine compliance with the federal TM10 standard. There's also the goal to meet the California ambient air quality standard for TM10 in communities within the Owens Valley TM10 planning area. In air quality monitoring the district also does an annual monitoring with CalPAP that's used in an evaluation of monitored and modeled exceedances for contingency determination for additional control areas is to issue health alerts and provide real-time data to the public and the second part of the district's monitoring is focused on the best available control measures compliance monitoring and evaluation and that's to ensure that the dust controls are installed and operated to require design and performance criteria. And this is a transition so over the past several decades the district's primary focus was really in identifying the source areas that needed control and as dust control has been implemented there's been a transition to the primary focus of staff being on the monitoring and compliance evaluations of the dust control is shown here and this includes the district and LADWP. It's important to note that the compliance with the federal and state standards is only at the regulatory shoreline through district monitors. LADWP sites are used for performance criteria for the backup but aren't used in evaluating compliance with the national ambient air quality standard. And to map I won't go into the details of the monitoring sites but it's just to show that given the large area of the lake there's significant PM-10 monitoring the district has 10 sites and DWP operates I think currently right now an additional four. Monitoring program is the dust identification program and this is a method that was determined to monitor sand flux. It involves dust as well as a time resolution of that mass and it was originally developed to estimate PM-10 emissions and correspond those to source areas for that needed control. It's evolved to become a performance criteria for specific types of backup including tillage, brine and dynamic water management and currently there are across Owens Lake that are used both in monitoring areas that might need additional controls as well as the performance criteria for areas that are currently under control and sites are operated by both the city and the district. The district includes field observations, source area mapping of areas that become emissives that are outside of currently controlled areas, surface integrity observations as well as including LIDAR. The district has developed a induced emission using a drone and the procedures of that are contained in regulatory documents and it's referred to as induced particle emission tests. The district also operates a network of remote dust cameras to track dust emissions during daylight hours and so if we look at the different best available control measures this is a superficial overview of the compliance criteria for those backup and the purpose of not to go into the details of that compliance criteria but to highlight that there are specific performance criteria for each backup and those need to have measurable performance criteria that the district can track and evaluate to ensure the control efficiencies of those best available control measures and so you'll see for each of the backup have multiple types of performance criteria that are tracked where others have just a single criteria that's evaluated and in the evaluations of those back on the hands on the type of criteria so certain dust controls are more subject to rapid change than others. For shallow flooding the district's evaluating the compliance criteria every eight days provided there's a clear satellite overpass because wetness can change very quickly. Things like brine or vegetation are evaluated more on an annual basis and then surface evaluations, tillage, stand-foot monitoring, a lot of that is continuous or as needed and LADWP both in the monitoring as well as in the performance evaluations and a lot of work is done to ensure that both entities are proactive in ensuring the compliance criteria. The district has the authority to take enforcement actions if performance criteria are not met including ordering reflux of areas issuing NOVs or NTCs unless the reason the performance criteria are not met is due to breakdown condition or something that would be eligible for a variance under the district's procedures which would be issued by our hearing board. The PM10 standard in a demonstration of attainment and so on an annual basis determination is done by the district of the monitored and modeled PM10 exceedances to determine if additional areas are required for controls and also to ensure that the currently implemented best available control measures are sufficiently controlling PM10 emissions and this contingency requirement is a requirement by the 1990 Clean Air Amendment Act which requires that progress be made towards attainment of the federal standard. So that was a brief overview of the district's current monitoring and enforcement activities. I think Jennifer Long is coming to provide DWP's side. And can I just confirm that both of you will be able to stay through the afternoon for our question session which is currently scheduled at 1.35. Okay, great. Thank you. Hi, everyone. My name is Jennifer Long. I'm the manager of the old like engineering group. So we make up about 10 engineers that comprise of electrical, mechanical and civil engineers as well as drafting technician. I just wanted to say that next time I should go before Jaime because he kind of stole some of my thunder and my pictures and some of my slides was also maybe a little repetitive so I apologize for that. But anyway, but my group is responsible for supporting all the operations and maintenance on the Owens Lake. So at the lake we have about 50 construction maintenance and operator staff there and basically I am going to basically here's an agenda I've been asked to basically give an overview of kind of like who we are at the Owens Lake. I'm actually based up at the Keyler Construction Yard. My husband and I actually both work for the department up there. It's been a year and a half or so that I've assumed my new role as the manager of the Owens Lake engineering group, but previously I had worked for a total of seven years on Owens Lake dust mitigation projects. Previously I was working more on the regulatory side of things, special studies and research that sort of thing and then now I'm transitioned over to the O&M side. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to basically go over kind of who we are, who's at the lake, what are the supporting groups. I'm also going to give kind of an overview of the infrastructure that supports each of the different back-end types. I'm going to talk a little bit about our operations as well as the maintenance activities that we have to do to support our dust mitigation efforts there and then I'm also going to end with an overview of kind of the operational constraints and challenges that we face and that's something that Jaime was kind of touching upon and I'll try to expand a little bit more on that. So in terms of who we are, so like I mentioned my group is comprised of about, well nine engineers including myself, I'm a civil engineering background. We have about 50 or so staff guys out there who on a daily basis are basically monitoring the health of the lake. I mean our areas like wet enough, how are our plants doing? Are there any leaks? It's a continuous 24-7 type of operation. We have hydrographers out there basically that are responsible for coming up with the irrigation scheduling to help make sure that areas stay compliant. They're also in charge of basically spreading the water allocations to the different areas, shallow flood areas, not only for operational needs but also to assist with somewhat any management associated with habitat value. And then we also have electrical mechanic shops that's responsible for maintaining power to all our facilities not only after lakes with entire acrobats. And then basically from LA all the way up to Bishop we have, we rely a lot on other engineering groups to flee to get our equipment, survey to help us make sure we are working within the boundaries that we're should. Supplemental construction staff and of course we've put out a lot of contracts for materials and that sort of thing and then we also have to deal a lot with the other groups real estate legal corporate environmental on the permitting side of things. In terms of assets, so Jaime kind of talked a little bit about this already but this slide basically gives a brief overview of those assets of what we're actually responsible for and then of course what we rely on to attain and maintain compliance of all of our dust mitigation areas. So we have about 31.8 miles of zonal mainline pipe. And what zonal mainline pipe is that's our primary water supply pipeline that takes water to all areas around the lake. And so we have three sources of water that we pull into our zonal mainline. That's one of which the Los Angeles Aqueduct. On the north end it's Lubkin. On the south end it's from Cartago. And then we also have up in the north off the lower Owens River we pump up to 50 CFS through our lower Owens River pump back station. So those are the basically the three sources of water that feeds the zonal mainline. That basically is a continuous loop all around the whole entire Kern-Heart Lake bed. And then we have 35 turnout facilities. So the turnout basically allows us to pull water from that zonal mainline into an individual dust control area. And at the turnout facilities we have filtration systems to help you know get rid of the majority of like the sediment and organics that are present in that raw aqueduct water that we're pulling from the river as well as from the aqueduct. And then there's cathodic protection because as Jaime mentioned we have very stately soil conditions at the lake. So we have to protect all our varied metal piping you know fittings all that all that all that good stuff. And then there's all the controls and instrumentation for the automatic kind of control of operating the lake. So for the most part I like to say that most of the lake can be operated through our SCADA system. But there are certain areas and portions of areas that are manually controlled. So we actually have to have our guides go out there manually open the ballot here and there at times. And especially for like dust mitigation and for compliance reasons there may be a need to maybe operate areas more or less.  In terms of like the piping the water supply lines that we have that are two inches or greater we have 4200 miles of it. And as Jaime mentioned in our farm which is the Management Area's T5 to T8 we have 35 or actually to 35 to 300 miles of subsurface drip to irrigation. In terms of berms as Jaime mentioned we have about 128 miles of berm roads. And actually it's funny because even for me even being there for about a year and a half full time I still kind of lose my way around sometimes but I hear Google Maps works wonders. So for you guys who you guys finally go there might want to make sure you charge your phone and have that ready. Okay so now what's that? Okay so now I'm going to kind of transition and try to give an overview of the type of infrastructure related to the different vacuum types. So I'll go ahead and start with shallow flood vacuum. So like like other folks mentioned you know for shallow flood you can have pond you can have lateral shallow flooding and as Jaime mentioned there's bubblers which is um which is okay I don't know I need to point here sorry but it's a tough left. And then up here we have an example of above ground sprinkler in our channel area. Up here to very top that's an example of our drainage system we have pumps there it's like a little mini pump stations that we can recirculate surface or subsurface water within that area. And in some areas we actually have the capability of pumping into what we call a fine-line conveying system and what that allows us to do is be able to move water and distribute water to different parts of the area depending on operational need and especially related to habitat values and salinity management. Down here ever so often once in a while we have a leak and so this is an example of a shoring system that we had to install um um shoring system we haven't saw that gave us access to the area. And then the picture to the bottom left is an example of our fritillic filtration system that I just mentioned. So basically as water comes up and out from the from the main line from the zone main line to the turnout station it actually goes through a series of a stand separator and and brush filters. So basically the stand separators allow the heavy sediment to basically fall out from the water and then it goes through brush filters which basically helps remove most of the organics like the leaves, the twigs, algae. And so we especially notice actually during the runoff season and when there's higher temperatures there'll be a lot more algae bloom a lot more organics present in our in our system and that could be a problem because depending on the volume of sediments that are going through a system obviously that could clog and then overrun our filtration system and then make its way further down the system and then leads to clogging and plugging of sprinklers and that sort of thing. So I'll talk about that a little bit later. But in terms of pond shallow flood so we have um higher perimeter berms around those areas simply because we're having a whole bath more water and and the side slopes are generally are generally rip-wrapped. That's to help prevent oil erosion from the wave action. For the lateral shallow flood like bubblers or sprinkler areas we we have obviously lower like shorter berms because not necessarily we're not holding back you know a bunch of water and typically those have extensive pipeline distribution network like I said above the reserve or sprinklers. In terms of operations of shallow flood areas so basically rerun those areas through irrigation schedule through our SCADA system that's maintained by my engineering group and the schedules are set by our hydrographer in coordination with the watershed resource folks and biologists up in Bishop as well as on the lake just depending on you know what the need is time of year.  So it's very a dynamic process that they adjust those irrigation schedules and out in the field and in the SCADA room that's all operated by our aqueduct and reservoir keepers. So in terms of maintenance actions or maintenance activities I should say I'm sorry related to shallow flooding it just really in terms of already maintenance a lot of it's dictated by what our guides see out in the field and so it could include things like cleaning out sprinkler heads or replacing sprinkler heads because the sprinklers have fees because of all the salt and it's preventing the sprinklers from being able to rotate that thrifting or sometimes they need to unplug or replace the sprinklers or bubbler heads because they're clogged or damaged due to sediment getting caught in it or if construction has just ended sometimes because our HDP lines sometimes those shavings from just the fusing process it'll actually end up and plug in our sprinklers as well so things like that it's always it's like I said a 24-7 thing where you guys have to be aware of the areas and know what's going on there and just to give a little context to the magnitude of what they deal with we have over 38,000 sprinklers spread over those you know 32 square miles slash 48 square miles that we've mitigated today so it just shows you what a big tall word that really is for our guys. Other parts other maintenance activities could include just flushing the lines to to try to clear up that sediment and organics that tend to settle at the bottom of the piping and so we had a series of blow-off valves clean out flush valves flushing mechanisms to help remove that sediment. Now I'm going to move on to tillage in terms of tillage of the infrastructure so so tillage and brine all at one point were shallow flood backup areas so they're going to have obviously that same infrastructure there but the difference though with with tillage areas obviously you're not going to have those sprinkler irrigation systems you know permanent infrastructure you're going to have outfalls possibly or you're going to have bulbers and so we also have a way of deploying a temporary irrigation system if if needed for maintenance or refloat orders and in terms of operations and maintenance of these areas really tillage is one of our you know if we're not doing our maintenance or we're not having to deal with a refloat order tillage is a waterless sedimentation measure so it's one of those things where it's a leave it and forget it until maybe you have to do some maintenance or some other action in that area so the only time you know we really have to do anything and depending on what we're trying to achieve like I said is if we want to do some pre-emptive maintenance or if the district is asking us to do maintenance or if they give us a refloat order and what those actions may include main include tilling the inner furrows so we have the furrows here and sometimes they fill with sand that either could come out from another area like sand intrusion from another area or for whatever reason and and and the and we and because of the way that the district measures like ridge height and things like that we'll actually run our bull plow down the existing alignment of the existing furrow to push up and out that collected soil up on top of the ridge to build up that ridge height so that's another way uh we would do maintenance or another way would be between the ridges so like this area here you can actually take your equipment through that same area and actually put in some more tillage rows so there's a couple different ways or what we could do is we could actually level the entire area and then re-establish tillage or level it refloat it and then and then re-establish tillage and so some of these pictures just up at the top left you see a series of equipment with the switch plow we refer to that as tillageddon just because you just had all that equipment all at one time out there trying to roughen up that surface and then generally is what our first step is you want to roughen up the surface and then what you want to do next is you want to go back through in the opposite perpendicular direction and then you want to with the bull plow and then that's when you'll start seeing like these type of deep furrows you see at the bottom right and up top that picture probably looks familiar because I may have it but basically you want to have that continuous kind of light shape so that's ideal what it should look like and and talked about the eye-pet testing so the picture in the top middle that's our ex-acquitus manager who's been retired and knit and they're basically with that drone protecting the eye-pet test okay so in terms of brine as I mentioned before because it was once a shallow flood area it's going to have very similar infrastructure but with this one you're not going to have bubblers or sprinklers you're just going to have a series of outfalls help supply water to the area so in terms of operations and maintenance of brine areas this is another pretty simple bathroom in that sense where it's a leave and a forget it death mitigation measure to us and if we were to have to do some type of maintenance or if we were issued a reflux simply all we have to do is turn on the faucet so we turn on those outfalls flood the area let me to do its job with re-established that crust layer that we're looking for and so that's that's pretty much it or actually and then the other thing that we could possibly do too is part of maintenance if we're trying to distribute the water to all areas within that brine area we can actually put in some cross-hatching like little channels to basically move that water to all the to saw to the whole area that we're trying to work with so in terms of like these pictures like the very top left that's a picture of a stuff excavator that broke that hard top crust of a brine area and you see how muddy and lucky it is not not fun the bottom right picture I think basically I have this photo but it's a pretty cool photo and it's funny to say that actually the color of the brine it can take on many different colors and what kind of dictates that is the composition and the type of bacteria that's present in the brine solution and then the picture to the bottom left is actually it shows the unique kind of crystalline structure of the salt that naturally occur underneath that brine brine crust okay so in terms of managed veg because it's supposed to be funny I didn't hear any laugh but okay so I don't know about you guys but I'm kind of a city folk I grew up in Pasadena with your area so I've never actually seen a gopher in my life so when I went up to the Owens Lake sorry Adam so when I went up to Owens Lake one of the first questions I asked the guys I'm like what are some of the major maintenance issues that you guys have you know in management areas and they said watching gophers gophers pose quite a bit of trouble uh to us they're kind of maintenance nightmare I was like oh really why what's going on well what happens is these little critters so so this is what I thought they looked like and this is reality what they look like so cute cuddly and caddy stacks here maybe still cute but maybe not cuddly where I want to want to pet it but but anyway basically what these guys do is they burrow and they're and create a tunnel network in our veg areas and when I told you that we had 3,600 miles of surface drip tube irrigation well they basically burrow through that irrigation line that we have and so what we end up with is kind of very bad version of the Bellagio water show in Vegas you know you feel a lot of water but just without the lights and sounds but then of course then we have to deal with all those leak repairs so that's not so fun but but kind of talking with that managed vegetarian the south that I was telling you about from T5 to T8 only in those locations do we have permanent irrigation stations and so the bottom left picture kind of shows you what those tanks that the station looks like you'll see a bunch of tanks that we hold the chemicals we basically use it as we go but twice a year spring and fall we apply the fertilizer liquid fertilizer through our irrigation system and that's to keep the plants happy and healthy and so up top is an example of a happy and healthy established managed veg area so in terms of infrastructure I mean once again it's going to be very similar to shallow flood simply because we have to irrigate these areas right so but there is a little bit difference in terms of infrastructure especially for like the newer phase 7A 910 managed veg areas is that you'll have raised broadsits and that provides kind of like a drained low salinity zone for those plants to kind of grow drive and not have their root don't burn because of any salt that are being reclaimed from that area and then in between these broad beds what you'll find are furrows that go between those broad beds and that facilitates kind of like the distribution of irrigation water as well as helping remove the salt from those reclaimed reclaimed reclamation activities I should say and then and yeah just just like shallow flood we have subsurface surface drainage system and in the farm T5 through T8 that is a little bit different than the 7A 910 areas in that not only do we have filtration at the turnout stations but we also have secondary filters out in the field and that's just because of the different systems the drip tube versus the above ground sprinklers that we have based on the 910 veg areas oh I'm sorry I guess I didn't mention about the maintenance activities well the main activities I kind of jumped ahead so the fertilization or application of fertilizers through our irrigation system referred to as fertilization that is something that's part of our maintenance program as well as obviously the upkeep of our water conveyance system and of course any repair leak repairs that we have to deal with just because of the go first in terms of gravel infrastructure is really simple all you have basically is you have underlying geofabric which in that bottom left picture you see the the black so that's the geotextile fabric and then rock is basically applied over it of two to four inches and so the other pictures that you see here are some of the different tools that we use as part of our maintenance activities so the very top left photo you see that department trust what what what it's drawing is what we call a chain harrow and a chain harrow suddenly looks like a section of chain length then with tines which are like sharp teeth I guess I guess you could call it like that and you basically drag it over the top surface of a gravel area and what ends up happening is the rock comes up top and then the stands will drop underneath that and so as you can see in the picture there's like a little section where you see this inundated with sand and then the adjacent areas you see that it doesn't look the same well that's because we we dragged it with the chain harrow and then the other picture that you see so like the top right and the bottom right are two different pieces of equipment that we have either designed and fabricated ourselves actually the pump shop has led by John Hunter so the bottom right photo shows that type of tractor equipment that he him and his guys came up with to help with the gravel maintenance the one up top is actually a commercial piece of equipment that's actually used to clean beaches actually but it actually was quite effective the only thing it ran kind of slow but that is an option to us for maintenance activities and then in terms of permanent sand fencing this is kind of a unique one we have about 20,000 linear feet of five foot can sand fence that we have installed out there and basically all is composed of in the bottom right you see a wooden post with some birds by from top and that's just to prevent perching of predatory birds and then you see to the right there's a huge aerial photo just like an overview of T1A1 and you see that the the the sand fencing is oriented to protect against the predominant wind direction and there's also gaps within the panels of sand fence as well as underneath the sand fence material as you can see in the top left and that's to allow wildlife access through the area and so basically maintenance and we operations there's really nothing that we have to do other than let's solve you know just let it be maintenance of just making sure that there's ever damage sections and panels of sand fence that we replace that sometimes with the high winds it brings in trash or tumbleweeds and things like that to the area plus we have extreme weather conditions so the really intense UV rays will kind of deteriorate that material over time so actually a couple years ago we ended up replacing the entire 20,000 linear feet of it of it and then the last slide that I wanted to share with you guys or talk about I'm sorry is about the operational constraints and challenges that we face as a way I think like a lot of the issues that we deal with are actually because of reasons that we really have no control over and that's environmental conditions and that includes like presence of those organic and sentiment that I was talking about in that raw aqueduct water that we pulled into our zone mainline it's the saline foil condition and it's the extreme and harsh weather conditions in terms of rain and temperatures and all that that we deal with so I think that this slide kind of best describes demonstrates I'm sorry some of the challenges that we face so actually in the top left you'll see two photos of a foreign after and this is of a gravel area T32 too and in a two week period of time I don't think you can tell but you can see that on the right side of two weeks later you'll see an area kind of like a like a light gray portion of it that's sand inundation so that's just over a two week period of time so but luckily we have means and methods for maintaining those areas so we are able to go in there and you know clean it up to make it to make to make it look nice and pretty in terms of the high winds also if you look to the bottom left you'll see like Jaime shared an example of a conic that flipped over well there's another one that ended up in one of our ponds and it basically obliterated a a hand hole that was in its path in terms of of of soil conditions the photo in the middle you'll see a gentleman that's trying to crawl away crawled way out of an area so he got he uh yeah he was pretty stuck there and so we have a joke at the lake not that anybody would actually really do it but they asked you have you ever been baptized now anybody asked you that please say no you're not interested because what that means is they'll take you to a little little area like such and then they you know you might find yourself in a similar predicament like I said nobody's actually ever done that but then another thing is about in terms of weather conditions extreme cold temperatures um you know you could have ice cold when you're crying and then actually the photo to the bottom right that's actually during the construction installation of our zonal mainline as you can tell it was snowing pretty cold and actually with the windshield factor I understand it was zero degrees out there they actually had to see welding um welding um welding work just because it was so cold and then just moving up from that you see kind of the middle right you can kind of see a truck there well if you can't really see it totally just because there's dense fog sometimes there could be heavy dense fog so that could make it a little bit tricky kind of driving around um there's 128 miles of berms and roadways and up top I don't know to me the guys were kind of laughing at me when I told them I was going to put this picture but but you'd actually see because there's like cattle ranchers like all around the area so you'll actually find a cow or two maybe in your pathway so that's kind of like an interesting thing but um but I think to speak a little bit more uh statistically on those environmental challenges in terms of water so um as I mentioned there's there's a lot of sediment and organic that um are present in the water that we that runs through the whole mainline we have filtration systems that we try our best to filter out the majority of it but like at the certain times of year it's really hot or whatever we find that stuff is making it pass that and continues on through our conveying system and then it causes issues out in the field um also too with the salts that are naturally occurring in that water we find that in some of our piping especially the plastic irrigation piping that we have in our sand sheet which was in the first phase that actually there will be calcification calcium buildup in the line and obviously that's not good restrict the flows and then pressure losses and our ability to get water to the different areas for dust control um also um okay so there's that and in terms of like weather conditions just basically when the rain don't seem to really be our friends uh you know they just lead generally lead to increased maintenance of areas um breakdown of areas so that that's that's not that's not ideal for us and then in terms of sailing flow conditions now I was going to crack a joke that you know salt's great on the state but it's not so great when it's mixing your soils because it creates really foggy foggy working conditions for us to be in um and especially when guys have to walk out like a half a mile or whatever to get into an area it just doesn't make it fun especially for this gentleman that's in this picture picture right here and also what happens with those saline soils at least the corrosion of our um you know our buried electrical mechanical equipment um we have about a protection to help prevent corrosion but obviously you know it's it's a pretty harsh environment so we that does create issues for us too as well and okay thank you


Check. Okay. I didn't unmute myself. All right. Good morning, everyone. Sorry about the little mix up. Welcome to BC214 course on developing the human spirit. Thank you for joining the class. Just the camera a little bit. Okay. All right. Let's pray and get started. Somebody can please pray. Father, we thank you for this day, for this time, Lord. Once again, we come to your presence and we worship you, Lord, as we're going to start our classes, Father. Father, give us knowledge, understanding, so we can understand your word, Lord, through personal Lord Jesus. Thank you, Father. In Jesus' name, I pray. Amen. Amen. All right. Last week, I forgot to turn the recording on, so we couldn't provide the recording of last week's lecture, but we essentially talked about the faculties of hearing, sensing, or feeling, and smell and taste those faculties. Then we talked a little bit about how we can prepare or develop our spirit and train our spiritual senses. So I'll just quickly review that, lesson number 11. How do we develop our senses? How do we keep nurturing and training our spiritual senses so that we can be more attentive to God? And our goal is to be in a flow, right? That's where hearing from God, whether it's through hearing, feeling, or seeing, and even taste and smell, it just becomes natural to us. I mean, it's just normal. We just flow in it. How do we do that? So we said, here are some things which we know, which is to fellowship with God through worship, prayer, and what? We walk in that fellowship. We also walk in quietness and communion with God. Number two, number three, our feeding on God's word, right? So as we spend more time meditating, feeding on the word of God, our senses are going to be trained to discern good and evil. We'll be able to discern. Number four, confession of the word. As we keep speaking the word, our faith is built up. And it takes faith to hear from God because we are stepping out of our natural and stepping into the spiritual. So every time we step out of the natural, that's faith. We have to, it requires faith. And so speaking the word, confessing the word is going to help nurture our faith, keep our faith strong, knowing our identity. It's going to help us move in the spiritual realm. Praying in tongues is, again, a very important part because our spirit is stirred up as you spend time praying in tongues. And then exercise these faculties, but primarily walk in love, right? That means, yeah, we are listening, hearing from God, but most important, do it in love, in the love of God, right? So exercise these faculties while we are walking in love and they receive spiritually through others, which we will talk about a little later that God can stir us up through other people. So be read Hebrews 5, 30 and 14, where it tells us that by reason of use, they have the senses exercised to discern good and evil. Reason of use, meaning they are taking part in the word of God, in the solid meat of God's word, and they are mature and through constant use in the word, they are training their senses. So that's something we need to do, constantly be in the word. We also then talked about, or we started this part, but how do we distinguish between the voice of the Spirit and the voice of our soul, right? So that's where we kind of paused last week because our soul, which is our mind, will and emotions, also has its own thoughts, ideas, pictures, things that are coming in our own soul, our minds. And doesn't always have to be bad or evil, it's just that it is our thoughts. It can be good thoughts also, but it's our thoughts. Like if you feel, if you see a person who's feeling sad, or maybe you know they're going through a difficulty. So then what? You want to go and encourage them. You want to speak a word of comfort. There's nothing wrong with that. It's a good thing, but it is something we wanted to, which is a good thing. We must do it. Nothing wrong with that. But what we are trying to say is, what if the Holy Spirit is giving you a specific word?  How do we differentiate between what is from our soul and what is from the Holy Spirit? Now we have good thoughts in our own soul, in our own mind, it is good, nothing wrong, but we want to hear clearly from the spirit. How do we differentiate? So here are some things. So just some thoughts here. First is to quiet our soul so that we can listen to the Holy Spirit. So say, mind, okay, I know you're a good mind, but you keep quiet. I want to listen to God. I want to listen to what the Holy Spirit is telling me in mind. Spirit. So quiet your mind. Now, especially if our mind is troubled, disturbed, it's a little difficult. Your mind is agitated or disturbed about something. It's a little difficult. I'm not saying it's impossible. I'm just saying it's a little difficult because your mind is also making a lot of noise. You know, it's very disturbed about something. So best thing is quiet your minds, be calm. So Bible says, be still and know. Be still and know. You know from God what is of things with the spirit. Be still and know. Another important thing is, which I find very useful is, you have a question? Yes, Pastor. Go ahead. So like when we say quiet our mind, is it like being in a place of passiveness, like not thinking anything, but just making it empty, not processing anything or just we have to think of like, okay, what God is, we have to engage in that way? It's good that you asked the question so we can clarify. So when we say quiet your mind, what we should not do, it's not saying empty your minds. That means like sit down and don't think about anything. That's a bad position because when we empty our mind, then that's we are actually opening that mind to the devil to come and interfere. So our mind is important. It must be in our control. You don't just open, we don't just empty your mind, we keep your mind blank, don't think about anything. I don't know, don't do that. When you say calm your mind means coming to a place of stillness or quietness. Where example? Suppose I am facing a financial problem. My mind could be working on, suppose example, I need 10,000 rupees. My mind could work on, maybe I will ask John, maybe I'll ask Paul, maybe I'll ask Mary. And if Mary says no, I'll ask so and so. Am I thinking, where can I get that 10,000 rupees? So my mind is working. I'll try like this, I'll try like that, go to the bank, I'll do this, I'll do that. You know, so quiet. It's mine. Don't worry about it. Instead, when you say quiet your mind, you focus on one promise. So when you think about money, example, I need 10,000 rupees. When that thought comes to my mind, instead of going off thinking where all these other things, I say, my God will supply all my needs. According to his riches in glory. That is it. So I quiet my mind now. By thinking upon the Lord. But knowing who God is, He is my provider. Instead of worrying, worrying, worrying about how am I going to get, oh, if I don't get 10,000 rupees and I don't do this, or this will happen, that will happen. My God will supply all my needs. And then I pray, I say, God, I want to know what you are saying, how you want to provide for me. I know I need this money. I'm quietening my mind. I'm looking to you. I'm looking at your promise. But now I want to listen to what you say that I should do. God, is there anything you want me to do to receive your provision? So I'm listening to God now. And you see, sometimes He might say, do something. Sometimes He might say, just be still. Teach in the different situations He gives, depending on the situation, He'll guide us. I'll be able to follow His guidance. So that's what we mean by quieting your mind. It's not making your mind blank, not making your mind passive, but you're being still and know. Be still and know. You know, still your mind upon the promise of God. Like it says, Isaiah 26-3, you will keep Him in perfect peace. His mind that is set on you.  Okay, God, what is God saying? God, is there anything you want me to do? So I'm praying in tongues, maybe praying in tongues and listening. Anything, any words, any picture, any impression, any knowing that's coming in my spirit at this time. So praying. So God will speak at that time. And we follow. Question? No question. Before that, we've seen that, like to hear from God, we need faith. Yes. So is it necessary for all the times? Cause like I was reminded of one situation where God called Abraham, but he is an unbeliever, he don't know God, but he still heard his voice. So, good question. There are times when God will speak on his own prerogative. That means he will, as sovereign God, he will speak, you know, he will send a word to somebody, send an angel to somebody. But that is the exception. For us as believers, our normal position must be, God, I want to hear your voice. What are you saying? We are actively listening. Sometimes we may not be listening, or we say, example, we are sleeping. God gives a dream. Now that is God taking the initiative to give you that dream. He can do that, of course. But when you are awake, we must be listening. We must be in a position to keep paying attention to God. So as believers, it's both ways. I must be listening. God can speak of his own. So in order to listen, I must have faith. The next thing that helps is to know that the first voice is God's voice. What does that mean? And why is that important?  Like he does, he's not like, I'll be quiet. Normally he's speaking to us. He wants to speak to us like a father wants to speak to his children. So that is normal. It's normal for God to speak. So when we say, oh, God, I need some guidance. I need to know what to do. It's normal for God to speak to you, for you to hear from God. So the problem is God speaks, a word comes into our spirit, or we send something or a picture God uses to communicate to us, but then we get scared and we put it aside because our mind kicks in. Where do that picture come from? Is it really from God? We begin to reason. So God's voice, then our reasoning comes because we have to process whatever we hear in the spirit to process with our mind. And then usually we talk ourselves out of the voice of God. That means we tend to say, oh, that cannot be God, may not be God, might not be God, maybe it was not God. And by the time we think about those things, so if I get it, maybe I'll leave it aside. So that's why we're saying the first voice is God's voice. So you have to take it, go with it, takes faith to pay attention to it. So you ask God, he speaks, when you sense something coming, the first voice is word coming, take it. Yes, you have to judge it. I'm not saying we should judge it, but be confident of what the first voice, the first voice is God's voice. Okay, so in that sense, I'm saying that I'm making the same, the first voice is God's voice. Another statement is get out of your mind to flow with the spirit. That doesn't mean that we shouldn't use our mind, we have to use our mind, but the important thing is there will be times when God gives us instructions that may be beyond logic, that may be not necessarily something you like to do. So that's where we have to learn to get out of our mind. That means go beyond what you're comfortable with or what is logical to you. As long as God has spoken, give me an instruction, give me a word, let me just do it. So in order to flow with the spirit, I'm not saying don't use our mind, but there will be times that we have to walk by faith. It's beyond logic, beyond reason. So God will give us those kinds of instructions, we must be ready. The last instruction is if you're unsure, talk to somebody about it, validate it. Check it with a word of God, check it with somebody else, especially if it's a very big decision, check it with somebody who knows to discern whether it's from God or not, and then you can learn through that. And they affirm, yeah, this is God speaking to you, and then it encourages you to listen more. So also keep in mind, last point here is that God can touch our soul and body. So there will be times where you feel something in your emotions or you feel something in your body and God is speaking.  Be aware, be open to that as well. So let me see if there are any questions on lesson 11 before we start lesson 12. Any questions here from students online? Any questions on lesson 11? Let's go to lesson number 12, which is also a very important lesson about what the Lord, the Bible, calls us to do. Is to walk in the spirit. That means every day, every moment, you and I are supposed to be walking in the spirit. Though we live in the flesh, that means we do have a natural life where you're eating, sleeping, resting, bathing, all those natural things, taking care of the natural body. Though we live in the flesh, we are called to walk in the spirit. So the Christian life, the life of a believer really is a walk in the spirit or walk of the spirit. It's a spiritual walk. And in the process, yeah, because we are living on this earth, we are taking care of the natural man. We have to, but we always have to walk in the spirit. So we want to understand what that is. Let us go to Galatians 5 first. We'll read both these passages. It's probably familiar, but let's read both these passages first. We'll read Galatians 5, 16 to 26, and then we'll read Ephesians 5. And we'll explain this. I think this is very important for us as believers. Galatians 5, 16 to 26, and somebody can read it please. Galatians 5 was 16. So I say, live by the spirit and you will not gratify the desires of the sinful nature. For the sinful nature desires what is contrary to the spirit and the spirit what is contrary to the sinful nature. They are in conflict with each other so that you do not do what you want. But if you are led by the spirit, you are not under law. The act of sinful nature are obvious. Sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery, adultery and witchcraft, hatred, discord, jealousy, pits of rage, selfish ambitions, densification and any drunkness.  But the fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law. Therefore, who belong to Christ? Jesus have crucified the sinful nature with its passion and desires. Since we live by the spirit, let us keep in step with the spirit. Let us not become unscited, provoking and envying each other. So, notice these three statements the Apostle Paul makes here. Verse 16 he says and I am reading from the New King James. He says, walk in the spirit. Verse 18 he says if you are led by the spirits and then verse 25 let us live in the spirit. So he is saying walk in the spirit, be led by the spirit, live in the spirit. I mean, our whole life, the way we are living our natural life, it's coming from the spirit. Walk to walk means walk in the spirit means I am walking according to him or aligned to him. So, good example will be like me, sometimes as children we should play three-legged race. Two people, they tie the two legs together and they have a running race. The only way you can run is if you are moving the same leg at the same time. If you are moving, you will have finished, you will fall. It won't happen. So, imagine like that. Your leg is tied to the leg of the holy spirit. Just imagine that. If we have to actually walk, when he puts his step forward, we also have to put our step forward. You are walking aligned to him, walking in line with him. So walk in the spirit means we are walking aligned to him, living our life in a way that he is directing us, but we are walking together. We are led by him. That means we are saying Holy Spirit. What are you saying? What is your guidance? What are you directing me? We are led by the spirit and we are living. That means our whole life is flowing from the Holy Spirit. So Paul is saying, look, if you live like this, then you are not under the law. Why? Because if you are under the Holy Spirit, if you are under the Holy Spirit, you don't need the law to tell you what's right and wrong. Holy Spirit is telling you what is right and wrong. And Holy Spirit is always producing the fruit of the Spirit. Love, joy, peace, this, this, this. So against these things, there is no law. There is no law saying love is not good. Peace is not good. Joy is not good. There is no against such things. There is no law. I mean the fruit of the Spirit do not contradict the law. They fulfill the law. So when you are in the Spirit, you don't need the law. So you are not under the law, he says. Right, verse 18, if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law. You don't need to live by the law. You are living by the Spirit and whatever the Holy Spirit produces will not contradict the law. It fulfills the law and more. But if you don't live according to the Spirit, what will happen? We will live according to the flesh. Then we will produce all these other things he mentions here in verses 19 and 19 to 21. And he says, if you practice those things, you will not enter the kingdom. You will not inherit the kingdom. So as believers, we have to live in the Spirit. We have to walk in the Spirit. We have to be led by the Spirit. That means our whole natural life is governed by the Holy Spirit through our human spirit. That means my human spirit is subject to the Holy Spirit. And my human spirit under the Holy Spirit is then governing my natural life. And if you and I, as believers, we live like that, we will bring out the fruit of the Spirit and we will not contradict the law. We will have more than the law. And we will overcome the flesh. We will not fulfill the laws of the flesh. So this is walking in the Spirit. Ephesians 5, Paul explains, I mean he's saying the same thing, but he puts it in a little different way. So it's useful to look at that. Ephesians 5, 17 to 21. Somebody could read that for us please. Ephesians 5, 17 to 21. Therefore do not be unwise. But understand what the will of the Lord is. And do not be drunk with wine. And which is dissipation, but refilled with the Spirit. Speaking to one another in sums and hymns and spiritual songs. Singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord. Giving thanks always for all things to God. The Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Submitting to one another in the fear of the Lord. Fear of the Lord.  Understand the will of God.  So similar, similar, but different language. To the Galatians he said, walk in the Spirit, be led by the Spirit, live in the Spirit. To the Ephesians he's saying, be filled with the Spirit. Same thing, just different terminology. Be filled with the Spirit. And he's comparing that to a person who is drunk with wine. So there we are getting a new picture. What does it mean to be filled with the Spirit? Compare it with a man who is drunk. A man who is drunk, he's actually under the influence of something else, the alcohol. And so his behavior is affected by the alcohol. So here instead of, he's using that as a background and says, okay, you now be filled with the Spirit. That means be under the influence of the Holy Spirit to such an extent that your life, your behavior is affected by the Holy Spirit. So to live in the Spirit, to be led by the Spirit, to walk in the Spirit simply means we are so submitted to the Holy Spirit that our life, our natural life, our behavior is influenced and governed by the Holy Spirit. That's what it means. So what is the Spirit for life? The Spirit filled life is a life that is fully under the influence of the Holy. That is a Spirit for life. And he tells us in detail, okay, what will it look like? Verse 19, 20, 21. You'll be overflowing with Psalms and hymns and spiritual songs. You'll be making melody in your heart to the Lord. So that's the first thing. Your heart is in that communion and that worship with God. Verse 20, giving thanks always for all things to God the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. So your heart is always thankful. So this is the characteristic of a life that is under the influence of the Holy Spirit. Your heart is overflowing with Psalms, with praise to God. Your heart is overflowing with gratitude, thankfulness to God in the name of our Lord Jesus. And third characteristic, verse 21, submitting to one another. That means you're walking in submission or you're walking in humility towards everyone, to one another. So three characteristics of the Spirit filled life. How can you say somebody, how can you know that you are filled with the Spirit under the influence? Well, are you overflowing with praise to God, your heart? Are you overflowing with gratitude to God? And are you overflowing with humility, submitting to one another?  You're bigger than me. I'm like, no, no, just submit to one another, walking in humility before one another. Then you can say you are actually under the influence of the Holy Spirit. You're being led by the Spirit. You're walking in the Spirit. You're living in the Spirit. And in this passage, he is saying, he's connecting this to verse 17. You'll understand the will of God.  Then you're living like this. In Galatians, he was talking, the focus was on, you will crucify the flesh. You will do more than what the law requires. You will be manifesting the fruit of the Spirit. Here, you'll be walking according to the will of God. You'll be walking like this. So this is an important part of the Spirit filled life. The human spirit, living or being submitted to the Holy Spirit. So how do we do this practically? I just put three points here. One is commune with the Holy Spirit, being constant touch with the Holy Spirit. I submit myself to Holy Spirit filming. Holy Spirit, what are you saying? Holy Spirit, you're walking in communion. Inside you, you're communing with them. You're always conscious of Him being with you and you're walking always in submission to Him, to communing, talking to them. Holy Spirit, what are you saying? Lord, I need your guidance. What should I do here, God? What is that right thing to do? So you're communing with them. Then you stay ill, literally. So when you sense His presence, when you sense His leading, and sometimes you may not sense His presence or leading, but you are intentionally doing what you know is pleasing to the Holy Spirit. That is living, yielded to Him, even when you don't sense, even when you don't feel. You say, I know the Holy Spirit likes this and He doesn't like that. So I will avoid what He doesn't like and I will do what I know He likes. That is yielding to the Holy Spirit. So you live in that place of always doing what pleases the Holy Spirit. The Bible says, don't grieve the Holy Spirit. Don't quench the Holy Spirit. So you're living in that place of, I don't want to grieve Him. I don't want to suppress Him. I want Him to be talking to me. And the third thing we can do is to fast, to silence and subdue the flesh. So fasting can take on many forms. You can fast food. It's okay.  Subdue the flesh. You can also fast the things that you like to do. Stay away from things that you want to do, like to do. You fast that. I'm not going to do it. So why? You're subduing the flesh. Example, if you're spending a lot of time on the phone doing, I don't know what. So okay, I'm not going to do that. You're fasting that. Staying away from it. Or anything else that we tend to do, which we know, okay, maybe it's not useful. It's not, if it is sin, definitely we don't want to do it. But some things may not be sin, but may not be useful. Fast. You're silencing your soul. You're silencing the flesh. And it keeps us submitted to the Holy Spirit. So you live like that every day. Questions. Sorry. Stay yielded to the Holy Spirit. How practically, like, we can see like that. Like, I mean, yielded means it like being submissive. Submissive. For everything. Yeah. Like doing, doing what God pleases, right? You said that one, like how we can take that like being, I mean, we have to please God in the sense whatever we do, we should do good in the sense of like, how to know that what pleases God. Yeah. Like there are, there are some things which pleases human beings. Right. We may think like it pleases God and we may not know some of the things what pleases God. Like we have the human knowledge and human might try. So how do we know what pleases God? First, it's the Word of God, right? In the Word, the Word of God, the Bible, God has clearly said, okay, this is what he's pleased with. This is what he's not pleased with. So first we walk in submission to what he has already said in his words. So I know, example, if I walk with pride, if I have selfish ambition, if I have selfish interests, if I am seeking to promote myself, God has clearly said in his word, I don't like these things. So I know God isn't like that. If doing, doing that will grieve the Holy Spirit. So I stay away from it. If I am going to do something, I'll catch myself. No, that's self promotion. Stay away. That is selfish ambition. Stay away. Don't do it. Right. So a lot of instruction is already given to us in his word. We just obey that. Follow that. Right. So that's the first way. We stay yielded to the Holy Spirit. Obey the words. Second is there will be times the Holy Spirit gives us special direction. He promises to do something. So example, maybe somebody is there, they come and say some need and the Holy Spirit prompts you in your spirit. Okay. You give him that money that he needs. 1000 rupees, 5000, whatever. You give it to him. So you feel that in your spirit. Holy Spirit is prompting you. Now I have to yield. My mind or my flesh will say, oh, no, no, no, I want it. I want to go do something with it. Some whatever. But I know suddenly that thought has come in my mind. I need to give it to him. I feel impressed to give it. I know Holy Spirit is telling me. So now what must I do? I must yield to that. Right. So that is the next way, which is I yield to the leading, the prompting of the spirit of God. So first one is walking. I do those things that are pleasing. Second is following is leading. As he prompts, as he speaks, I say, okay, I will do that. Then I am following is leading. Right. So that way we are always staying yielded to the spirits. We are not grieving him, fetching him. So then we can walk in the spirit. Okay. Let me just answer this question in the chat. Nina, under the point, get out of your mind to flow the spirit, the instruction of the spirit of God, which don't fit with our own way of thinking reasoning. A way we can be sure it's from the spirit of God would be if it's aligned with God's word. Or is this talking of anything else? Yeah. So first point, so getting out of our mind. Yeah, we need to check that it's aligned with the word of God. Definitely. The Holy Spirit will lead us aligned to the word of God. But what we were trying to emphasize is while the leading is aligned to the word of God, it could also be against our own logic. So example, like giving something out of our needs. Right. So going back to that same example of the Holy Spirit is prompting me to give some money to help that person. Now that is biblical, very biblical, right? It's biblical for us to help those in need, especially those of the household of faith. So it's a very biblical thing. But maybe I also have a needs or maybe a desire to buy something with that. So this particular leading is against my mind. So I need to get out of my mind now go beyond my own logic to follow what the Holy Spirit is leading. So that would be one example. Sometimes it would be just a step of faith. The Holy Spirit is leading us to do something we've never done before. And then we follow through with what the Holy Spirit is leading. Right. Sometimes you cannot validate that with the word of God. For example, the Holy Spirit is prompting me saying, today I want you to call so and so. Now I cannot go and check with the word of God. Yeah, God's word tells us to be at peace with all people, to live in peacefully. But I cannot get a specific scripture that I should call so and so. So I cannot validate necessarily with the word of God. But there may be something in my mind saying God, but he might be very busy or he may be traveling, whatever. I don't know what he's doing. That's my mind. So I say, okay, I feel prompted. So I will still call. I will still reach out even though it may be against my natural thinking. So that's just an example. Yeah. I hope that helps. Ravali, your question. Hi, Basta. I have a follow-up question on we were talking about yielding to the Holy Spirit in order to get directions from him. So while we are doing that, so how do we persist and endure for a long time? Sometimes first thought comes to my mind is, are we doing it just we are getting something from God? Or that is the lifestyle that we need to carry as a believer. It's not just we get something from God. If we are doing it, the second part is, how do we endure a needed life? Because even though you don't get answers immediately or for a longer period of time, what you're expecting. Yeah. So like we said, this is the normal Christian life. The normal Christian life is a life that is yielded to the Holy Spirit. That's how all of us have to live normally, which is we live in the Spirit, we walk in the Spirit, we are led by the Spirit. So it's normal. Whether I need some guidance or not, we always live like this. You can compare it with what Jesus said. Jesus said, I always do those things that please the Father. So Jesus, that's how He always lived. I always do those things that please Him, please the Father. So that's John chapter 8 and verse 29. Jesus says, He who sent me is with me, the Father has not left me alone, for I always do those things that please Him. So that's the normal way He lived. He always did. So that's what pleased the Father. So that's how we should live. We always live in the Spirit. We always walk and are led by the Spirit. We always do live this life, yield it to the Spirit. It's a normal life. And in that process, a lot of things are happening, which is one, we are overcoming the flesh. We are bearing the fruit of the Spirit. We are living in a place that is pleasing to God. And of course, we can hear from God. We receive guidance from God. So that's the normal Christian life. The second part of the question is, what if we don't hear, we're not hearing something for a long time? Then it means that God just wants us to keep doing whatever we are doing.   Keep following Him. Whatever He's taught you till now, follow His instruction. And you will receive a new instruction when He knows it's the right time to speak that to you, to speak that to us, right?  And I'm not hearing anything. It just means, what did He tell you last? Keep doing it. Stay faithful. And then at the right time, He will speak. He'll give you the next instruction. So that's generally what we do. Just stay faithful until you hear from God, until He gives you a new direction. Of course, during all the time He is still speaking, but He might be speaking to you about other things. God is always speaking, but He might be speaking to you about other things, not specifically about that one thing that He's saying, God, tell me what to do. He's always speaking. He's always giving revelation. He's always giving insight. He's always teaching us, training us. But for that particular instruction, He will speak here at the right time. He will always come through, giving us the instruction we need. Rest also. Thank you. All right. So we'll pause here for today. We probably will take maybe, I think, two more classes to finish up the rest, right? The rest of the content. And then we will be done. We have the seven functions of the Spirit and how to receive from some, how to impart and how to receive. So we will finish that in two more lectures and we shall complete the course. And we'll close up with one final assessment for the course. Okay. All right. Somebody can close in prayer and dismiss us please. Father, thank you Lord. Thank you for this time, oh God. Thank you for teaching us from your word, oh God. Father, help us, oh God, to be led by the Spirit, Lord. Walk in the Spirit humbly, Lord God. And not lean on our own understanding, oh God. Help us, oh God, to commit our ways, our thoughts and all that is of us into your hands, Lord. Thank you, Lord, that you are teaching us, you're guiding us, you're enabling us by your own Spirit, oh God. The Holy Spirit is given to each of us. Thank you, Lord God, help us to follow. We come each of us into your hands. Lead us and guide us in Jesus' name. Amen. Amen. God bless you all. See you again next week. Bless by now.


At ST, we enable developers to release their creativity. This is STM42's slogan and we really mean it. Do you remember what it was like to develop on a microcontroller like STM42? Something like 10 years ago? I certainly do. Not as easy as today, right? At ST, we wanted to simplify the lives of developers by giving them more time to focus on their application. Their added value. We therefore started to propose our own software solution, free on STM42 that we called our STM42 Cube Development Suite. A developer's journey always starts with the selection of many elements to build up his application. The right MCU for his needs, knowing there are more than 1,000 STM42s, it's a huge platform. The correct board for evaluation? The right embedded software libraries with adequate license terms? Examples how to use them? And of course, the required software development tools. STM42 Cube embeds our MCU Finder to browse ST and partner's portfolio. Do you want to select your MCU? Find a specific software library? Do you want to speed up your development with application bricks paraded by ST on AI, graphics, motor control, digital power supply, cloud connectivity, safety or security? Do you want to start with the board you currently have on your bench? STM42 Cube is the solution for you. Then each developer has to configure his chosen MCU. In the past, it was a long process. Starting with the reading of hundreds of user manual pages and followed by the implementation of initialization code. Now with STM42 Cube MX, it's as easy as pie. Configure easily and graphically your peripherals. Decide what software libraries you want to work with. Configure such a summary and choose your favorite ID. Then click one button. Et voilà! You get immediate generation of code on MCU's and device trees on MCU's matching your configuration choices. It's a huge gain of time. Then for code addition, building and debugging, we have our STM42 Cube ID. Available on multiple operating systems, it's an eclipse-based solution that also includes our STM42 Cube MX. So you get a complete development environment in one single installation. It's awesome. Our STM42 Cube programmer matches the next step during which the developer wants to provision his application binary in the device. You can program obviously internal or external memories. But you can also ensure a secure programming, protecting your added value software on STM42's that are part of our STM42 trust initiative. Also, I'm pretty sure that most developers currently watching this video have already implemented once in their lives a PC application to communicate with their STM32. Well, maybe you should consider using our STM42 Cube monitor. With such tools, you can visualize the variables of your application. Even while it's running, even remotely, you can build up a nice and neat dashboard with a set of highly customizable widgets. This one makes life so easy. Well, this was a quick summary of what our STM42 Cube can bring to you. But there is actually more as we made some significant additions in 2020. The first one is the ability for anyone to add a number of software libraries to STM42 Cube. ST employees obviously, but also partners, communities, whoever willing to follow the recipes we publicly made available. So everybody come and join us. It's open. I'm personally very proud about the second innovation. Indeed, we recently announced a strong partnership with Microsoft. We added their Azure Artos middleware directly within STM42 Cube. While keeping the key markers of STM42 Cube free, easyness, consistency, and business-friendly licensed terms, we complement by propagating the key markers of Azure Artos to our customers. Fast performance Artos, industry-certified solution, and complete and consistent set of middleware. This middleware brings in particular a state-of-the-art USB stack with many classes, a file system able to handle NANDs or no-memories, and TCP IP stacks with many protocols. All the libraries you can benefit from in your applications. Of course, all this middleware can be configured through STM42 Cube and is still for free on STM42, even for production. There is more than the road. And personally, I'm glad to see how much ST is investing to simplify even further the software tools and release your creativity.


That was a very humbling presentation to follow, so thank you, and maybe also an interesting discursive set up because I come from a practice which is only about two thirds architects. I'm going to talk in detail about one project, and it's a project which is in Liverpool, and Liverpool is a port city in North England, and it's had a really long history of migration, and this area where we've been working, Granby, is an area where the international community historically has really thrived. In the 1970s, however, the wider economic and social conditions which affected the UK and Liverpool particularly hit Granby in a very acute way and it fell rapidly into decline. Centralised attempts to regenerate Granby began then, but they were intensified in the 1980s after a popular and widespread uprising, and that saw centralised attempts to disperse the population through compulsory purchase orders, through systemic disinvestment. By the 1990s, of the 14 streets that had made up Granby, there were only four left, and two of them were in the condition that you see here on this image, and the other two were still partially inhabited, but many houses were like this, they were tinned up and burnt out. Activity of the few remaining residents came and went, but it intensified around some direct action in 2010, and that direct action was to resist further demolitions that was sit-ins, it was planting, and it was painting, and that direct action brought some life back into the area, but it also enabled them to formalise as a community land trust. So this is the context that we walked into. In 2012 we were approached by a social investor who'd become really interested in the area, and our work initially focused on the picture of the street I just showed you, which is directly neighbouring this one. Initially we were just talking to the land trust in order to learn from them, but it turned out that as they had formed they had also developed an idea, a plan for an incremental approach to rebuilding Granby in a patchwork way, which also included community ownership, so we went from learning from them quite rapidly to working with them. Together we developed a plan, which considered the houses together with the public realm, together with public life, together with the high streets, and took several projects, all thinking at a small scale. But the critical thing that this plan did was translate the community land trust's ideas, which were largely in discussion, into propositional form, into a form that presented them in a style, a level of detail, and with a kind of visual authority that enabled the city council to engage with them, to use them to surround discussions. It was a document which then created the conditions for a meaningful dialogue to occur between this very, very local level and the level of the city. The second thing that was really critical was this investor that we've been speaking that had involved us, offered a very low cost long term loan to the land trust of half a million pounds. This together, with a year of negotiation, led to the city council eventually transferring 10 houses on Cairn Street, the one I showed you pictures of, to the land trust. Of those 10 houses, five were to be made available for social rent, and five for sale, at 80% of market value, and the trust developed a covenant which linked the resale price of those houses, which were on the market, to the average wage rise in Liverpool. I think the next thing which is maybe just quickly worth speaking about is the approach. The houses were largely in this condition when we started. We worked in very affordable, very robust materials, but combined that with a handmade approach, which put these very small, much more loved, very beautiful details in. These details were critical to the success of the project, because setting up a workshop on site, occupying empty properties, we were able to move into the area, to move into this house on the street, to live upstairs, to have site meetings, a builders cafe, a workshop space, and be there in a very, very day-to-day way, so collaborating, working alongside, not overseeing and not issuing instructions. Out of that, emerged that day-to-day conversation, the opportunity to develop more projects in the area, which again consider places to live as part of a wider infrastructure, so that includes the workshop you can see here, Winter Garden, which will have a long-term artist residency space, but also plans to reopen for commercial properties on the edge, so considering the relationship between Granby and then its role in the wider city of Liverpool and its relationship to it. So it's architecture kind of on the edge of chaos and realised as a social and collective process and enabling architecture to be a contribution to an ongoing conversation, but not necessarily to lead it, but to be a distinct voice within it. Thank you. Thank you, Amika. That was definitely a project of regeneration as the subject of the session has been defined. Could you dwell a little bit more on this idea of being there on a day-to-day basis that you talked about? You set up a workshop that was almost living within the community and being part of that change. So the critical thing really was the budget available for the houses was very tight and it would have been impossible to do a conventional restoration approach and so by having something to do, by being there and fabricating parts of the houses, we were able to really become part of day-to-day life in the area and so the relationship with the CLT and with the contractors and with the councillors is not one of formal meetings, it's one of coincidental conversations of eating together, of sharing space and that day-to-day-ness means that rather than having to be in a position where as an architectural coming in and trying to build consensus around a single vision for the future, what you're doing is taking part in a process which will elaborate over the long term which can accommodate different opinions and maybe doesn't have to have a predetermined outcome. So it's a very reactive way of practicing architecture. Very participatory. You participate in the process of regeneration yourself. Not something that an architect's normal fees would cover. So clearly Joe, we are breaking boundaries here. This is beyond the cautionary note that you made and let's just see how far we go with the next two presentations on migration and refuge.