What's up YouTube? This is Dr. Ali Hader, interventional cardiologist. Thank you for checking into the channel. If you have not subscribed, please hit that button and smash that like button for this video as well. What I want to ask today is the handshake a thing of the past. You don't ever shake anybody's hands. That's clear. Amidst this COVID-19 crisis, we've resorted to social distancing and quarantining to try and prevent the spread of this contagious disease. Whenever we're out in public, we're wearing masks. We're trying to stay six feet away from each other to distance ourselves, which by the way, is not easy at the grocery store. So it's no surprise that the most common and perhaps the least hygienic gesture of human interaction is getting the stink eye. I'm talking of course about the handshake. Once thought of as the most routine, common and expected way to greet people, now makes people cringe at the thought of acquiring COVID cooties from actual human contact. Now I'm sure when many of us now even see this endangered gesture occur, we can't help but to think when was the last time that hand had a 30 second soap and water wash or a hand sanitizer recession before touching that other person. Oh the mere thought of actual human skin contact and all the pathogens that could come with it. So of course it's gone from a completely expected and normal thing to a big no-no. But what is going to happen now? Is the handshake gone forever? Are we forever destined for fist pumps, elbow bumps, namaste and salutes? Now I was a little curious where exactly was the origins of the handshake. Now the first obvious evidence we have of a handshake dates back to the 9th century BC, the Assyrian king, Shalman Isara III grasping hands with a babbling ruler to seal an alliance. Now many ancient civilizations utilized the handshake as a show of peace and to prove that they're not holding any weapons and be no harm to the other party. These days we basically use handshakes in various different scenarios of daily living. One of course is to greet other people and to serve as an introduction for people you know and for people you don't know. The second is a way of coming to an agreement, striking a deal, whether it's business or politics, etc. And it is used as a sign of respect. Even for those who are your adversaries or foes, whether it be in politics or in sports, it is universally a sign of respect. In fact the handshake is probably one of the most common physical gestures we use as humans. And now enter COVID. Now it's not like this is the first contagious virus or bacteria we've dealt with. However, COVID is indeed a deadlier disease, a more contagious disease and are more rapidly spreading one than we are used to. Now there are plenty of people out there who never really shake hands. We refer to them as the germaphobes. I even have a partner in my practice who refuses to shake hands and he sticks to elbow bumps especially during influenza season because they don't want to acquire flu or a virus or anything else that may be floating around society. And we used to make fun of them. But who's laughing now? Now I also asked a question, is there actually evidence that a handshake is actually dirtier and worse than let's say a fist pump? Or perhaps we can compromise and do a high five. I'm not giving up on this guy. Prop his hand up. What? I said prop his hand up.  So recently a study actually came out in the American Journal of Infection Control. And what they wanted to do is to figure out how dirty in fact was a handshake compared to a fist pump and compared to a simple high five. And they actually looked at various durations of contact and how strong a particular handshake was to figure out transfer of bacteria to see what was dirtiest. Now these were experimental conditions. It wasn't actually real life. So again take it with a grain of salt. What they did was they had a subject take a sterile glove and they dipped that sterile glove into basically a pool of E. coli bacteria. Disgusting, I know. And they had another subject wearing a clean sterile glove. And once that bacteria sort of dried in cake door, they engage in three different gestures. And what they found was that the fist pump had the least amount of transmission of bacteria. It also had the least amount of surface area of contact. The handshake on the other hand had 20 times more bacteria transferred than the fist pump. This actually increased with a stronger grip handshake. The high five was somewhere in the middle. But still significantly less than the handshake. The longer the duration of contact for the fist pump and the handshake also showed an increase in bacterial transmission. So what does this tell us? Well three things went into the risk of transmission. One was the surface area of contact. Two was the duration of the contact. And three was the strength of the contact. Okay, so we prove what we expected we would find that a handshake is probably the dirtiest gesture of greeting people. So what now? Well, let's be real. Seeing that society is going to eliminate the handshake and go simply to fist pumps and elbow bumps doesn't really seem realistic if you ask me. Now certainly an elbow bump is a little silly. It's awkward. And I really don't think that is going to replace anything. A fist pump however is very reasonable. It allows you to maintain eye contact. It's ergonomically favorable. And it's pretty cool. So what does this mean? Do we replace the handshake with a fist pump? Also, I think it's important to note that most people are using the inside of their hands when they touch object, etc.  Now perhaps in some settings such as hospitals for example, the handshake should be eliminated. Hospitals clearly have more concentration prevalence of pathogens. And doctors and nurses are interacting with patients and surfaces. And not to mention that studies have shown that doctors 60% of the time are not really practicing proper hand hygiene, believe it or not. So maybe we should rethink the handshake in the hospitals.  So I vote in places like hospitals and nursing homes where there's high risk and concentration of disease transmission. Forget about the handshake. Let's stick with the fist pump or elbow bump or air pound. However, in the world of business, politics, personal relationships, handshake has an important role. So what are people going to do? For a lot of people, I think things are going to go back to normal and they're not going to think twice when they shake hands with people. For another group of people, there's going to probably be a whole new era of germaphobes that are born. However, for others, myself included, I'm not ready to give up on it. What we may need to do is just be hyper vigilant with our hand hygiene. So instead of just meeting someone and shaking hands, perhaps we should, in front of each other, hand sanitize and then shake hands, replace the shake with sanitize and shake. I'd also like to see hand sanitizers universally in schools and office buildings, etc. and all public places where people have to greet each other. And frankly, if that's what it takes to keep the handshake alive, I'm all for it. Until then...


Welcome to All Hands Update. I'm Petty Officer Ian Cotter. These are your headlines from around the fleet. The guided missile destroyer USS Samson and the littoral combat ship USS Fort Worth have been directed by U.S. Pacific Command to support the search for missing Air Asia Flight QZ-8501. Authorities in the region continue to lead the search and rescue effort. Fort Worth arrived in Singapore December 29th during a 16 month rotational deployment to U.S. 7th fleet. During the deployment, the ship will operate out of Singapore as a maintenance and logistics hub conducting patrols and training with regional navies. Fort Worth is the first LCS to deploy under a 3-2-1 manning concept, rotating fully manned crews every four months. This allows Fort Worth to stay deployed longer, extend forward presence and reduce crew fatigue. Fort Worth is slated to return to its home port of Naval Base San Diego in 2016.


People say, does the Holy Spirit leave me when I sin? Why would God remove from you your only power to be holy as a punishment for not being holy? If you're struggling against sin, who do you think is in you struggling against sin? The very fact that you are struggling is proof that the Spirit abides with you. Because if He didn't abide with you, you wouldn't be struggling against sin. You would just be sinning.


I've compiled a list of services where you can host your monstack project without breaking the bank. For the front end, you can use Render, Cyclic, Search, Firebase, Netlify, Vercel or Cloudfair pages. For the back end, you can use Render, Cyclic, Heroku, DigitalOcean, AWS LightSale, Google Cloud or Azure. Using a cheap VPS is a great option as it's normally fast and you can get a lot of storage space. The downside is the manual setup and the manual deployment.


As we anticipate the commencement of a new leadership in Nigeria, tonight we'll take a look at the changing political environment and the effects on the insurance industry. And Labour Party condemns invasion and occupation of party secretariat in Oweri. We will be discussing with members of the party in a more state and we'll be talking on the crisis and plans for the primaries. This is Plus Politics. My name is Nyam Gul Aghaji. As Africa's most populous nation, Nigeria prepares for the commencement of a new administration. The changing political atmosphere may have affected various sectors of the economy, coupled with ethnicity, tension, religion and quest for validity of various parties. One sector which may have been notably affected is the insurance industry. One of the most notable highlights of the industry in 2022 was the increase in third party motor insurance policy rates by the National Insurance Commission, NICOM, the Apex regulator on 22nd of December 2022. Now joining us to discuss this live, the effects of the changing environment we'll have on Nigerian insurance is Mr. Ebose Augustin Osega, CEO of Angkor Insurance and the Insurance Man of the Year. Good evening and welcome to the program. Yeah, what does that even mean? Insurance Man of the Year. Tell us a little bit. Why do you think you got to these Apex? You got to these points where you were recognized by the body of this award-giving body. You were in the same room with the governor receiving awards on the same day and all that. So how does it feel and how did you get here? Well, first of foremost, I want to thank you very sincerely for inviting me this evening. You see, when you are working and you're trying to do the best you can in life, we don't know people are watching you. We have started our, I came to the insurance from the beginning, and we'll try to see what we can do to any living. We're never looking at going to the Apex or the ladder. But just for survival. But when you do that, you find out that this is something you could do. And the interests come to come, especially when you see that you are any living and the life is becoming very, and the opportunities are there for the take. Then what you do is to grab opportunity. So that's how we find ourselves. And they all work in them. People are recognizing you and see what you are doing and say, this might be really something differently. But sometimes you ask yourself, what am I doing differently? I said, yeah, what is just coming in? I was at home and somebody called me and said, I saw your name on the internet that you nominated as the CEO of the year on insurance category. I said, really? I thought it was fake until I got a call and that was it. They would thank God for that. And I also thank my organization for giving me the opportunity to do so. Okay. Well, everything we do in life is tied to some kind of politics because there is policy that needs to be made by the policy makers who eventually are politicians most of the time and all that. And so we are really concerned. When we think about revamping the Nigerian spirit, the Nigerian nation, the people of Nigeria, we think about all the sectors. Today, eventually, we're talking to the insurance company CEO of the year, insurance CEO of the year. Now, my concern is, and I've had this concern for some time now, in a country like ours where everything is not my portion, you know what I mean? You tell someone to do insurance for the car, not my portion. You are telling me I will get accident? It will not happen to me and all that. They seem over the years to be this attitude of our people to drag their feet when it comes to insurance. They just want to survive by God's mercy and all that. So how are you finding our society, you know, how is the response to having insurance policies, joining the train of people who recognize the importance of insurance and all that in Nigeria? Well, sometimes it's not what we talk about culture. The Nigerians, as it takes, are the Nigerian people. These countries are, we are Nigerians. The Nigerian insurance industry is in Nigeria. We are not different from ourselves. The attitude of insurance has to do with the way our economy evolved. If you go to countries like Botswana, Namibia, you find out that the rate and the penetration of insurance there is higher than in Nigeria. Meanwhile, we have a higher population. We have more resources. We have more awareness in terms of human capacity. Or you find out that the insurance penetration in this country is very low. I think that's what we government legislation.  This is how I want my children to look when they grow up. Then your insurance tends to be that aspect of development. I want my kids to be medical doctors when they grow up. I wanted to have this kind of discipline. But the Nigerian government, when this insurance came, or when the insurance was introduced to this country, we didn't accept it like we accepted banking. Or even look at banking, for example, you find out that a lot of people are not even putting money in the bank, keeping their money safe in the bank. The reason is that you find out that when the cashless last time, about a month ago, you find out that a lot of people have more money outside of the banking system. That is our insurance. It's our culture. And the government should do more by making the delivery plan too. See, we must have insurance. Okay, we'll come to what the government will do. But what is the insurance sector itself? What are the insurance companies doing to carry this awareness to the people? Because there's been this argument that the insurance companies like the ignorance of the people. For instance, a lot of people who even have this insurance don't know what they need to do in the case where they should go claim their rights and all that. I give you an instance, on the streets of Lagos, most times we see traffic, not because of anything, but because somebody somewhere has crashed someone, a thing that they could have just put a call through, maybe, to an insurance company, give evidence and do all the things that they're supposed to do and claim whatever they need to claim. I don't know so much about insurance, but I think there is insurance that if you are in a tight situation, the insurance company bills you out. That's a layman's way of explaining it. But people do not even know, even when they have this insurance. So people have argued that the insurance companies are happy that if you are supposed to cash out, permit the word and you are not able to go because you don't know your rights, they make the money and you stay ignorant. So what are you doing to debunk that? What are you doing to educate the people so that people will not see you as people who are comfortable with us being ignorant? How does the ignorance benefit insurance companies? Their money will still remain in your coffers. If the people live in ignorance, how do you even develop the economy? Insurance is supposed to be the subsetter that will prepare the growth of an economy in the country. So why are we going to show ignorance to people that are you sure those people who had their car, who had that accident, the cars were insured? You know, sometimes we just believe that the insurance company, the workability of insurance company, or the functionality of insurance company is a mere word. The people just say them because they don't face reality.   So why do you not want to get educated or go to school to study insurance or set up an insurance company? But do you do anything deliberately to educate the people? No, what comes first? Is it the claim? Someone doesn't even know he needs to claim that. On the most serious note, we have the insurance company in the last five years, or last 10 years, I would say, has over a way in terms of trying to educate the Nigerian populace to take up insurance policies. I'm very sure you see a lot of media attention, even the NHIS, especially in the time of the passage of government. When it raises up the standard of work, every household in this country should have an insurance policy. Even legacy government, that any building that has a copilot ability, that has a story building of the floor, must have insurance. And if you want to build, if you want to have any property construction, you must have a CR, which is called construction or risk, before you can even commence those policies. Those things are in practice, but just that the English one you talk about, nobody has gone to say, how does this work?  They don't do anything about it. But when issues come up, the blame insurance company, oh, I'm not aware, I don't want to do this, I don't want to do that. Believing, not believing that the policies of insurance is for the benefit of the few, of the few. You don't expect to put insurance policy. Let me tell you something very, very important. Somebody came to me one day and said, look, I show a car, my policy expired in the next few days. I have no hard claim. Can I have my money back? It's part of the ignorance you talked about. People don't look at policies. People don't take time to look at issues. Is the cultural awareness or the tradition of our country that we're always believing that things do not matter? And it's always a problem. You know, it's also akin to the theory of Socrates where he said, man, don't die self. Once you recognize your environment, even medical checkup, a lot of people don't go for it. Yeah, okay. I needed to get that out because when we begin to talk about what the government needs to do, we need also to know what we have done or what we plan to do. And in this case that we were talking about is the insurance companies, the insurance sector. So we needed to know that. Now we are going to have a new government come May 29. And we need to shape the policies that make our people behave the way they behave and change a direction of doing things. Now in the past, insurance companies, insurance sector, how do I call it, may have suffered a few things because of policies of government. We'd like to know what kind of policies you look forward to being put by the next administration that will make the insurance sector to thrive and the people of Nigeria to benefit. Yeah, thank you very much. Before I answer your question, let me go to, because you asked a question, what the insurance company has been doing in terms of trying to have this penetration. We, the insurance company, as a matter of, we've gone to the National Assembly to make sure that there is legislation, the liberal tone, to make sure that every person in this country have one form of insurance or the other. And we have also, as either individually or togetherly, gone out to see, look, there's advert on radio, Jingo, newspaper advert, like what I'm doing here today. It's part of creating our awareness within the insurance space. Personally, I call insurance, we go to CNN and other stations. You find out that we have a lot of commercial, all for people to get our awareness to understand the insurance part. Yes, because you have not decided to insure your office.  So it's a do me or do you think. Then we talk about that at this time. Okay, go ahead. So these are some of the things that we are doing. The insurance company, especially the President, Commissioner of Insurance, has really done so much. And especially the Chairman of the President's one, we are doing a whole lot in terms of trying to educate our people to understand that the insurance is all that we need. And it's even more reasonable to have insurance than even bank. Because when you have issues, it's insurance that comes to, that puts you back to the state where before your loss. They're coming to the new government that is coming to power or what we expect to see. Everybody in this country is, what is the essence of government? It's to provide security and happiness. But for me, happiness is much more of it. Because if you are happy, that means there's security, the environment is okay, the process or the administration or that same economy is okay, the culture of the people is evolving. I think about everything around is, there's functionality of the state and functionality of the system. The, this president government, for me, to them, is, the coming government is, first, it must create that a broad economic base where every economy functionalities are working. The banking, the agricultural sector, the oil and gas, there should be more openness and transparency in terms of how we deal with the people. You cannot, and the exchange rate for us, for example, if I tell you the losses we have made in terms of insurance, how much money we have spent. In terms of trying to do our security in terms of insurance abroad. Imagine what the exchange rate is and what you have here. The dollar exchange, you have to insure abroad with the lowest and other companies abroad because some of the policies we cannot keep here. All but that we seem not having much of that in terms of being those heavy risks when they come. You have to take them abroad and imagine what that would cost us. If you have a policy that is about $3,000, for example, and how much money will you translate to have that? And if you come back to say you talk about the third party increment, the claims that comes from third party, if I tell you we want to know, why are you saying that the insurance company, that the populace are not aware about insurance policy?  But I am telling you Nigerians are actually coming now to understand that insurance workability, not just workability is functional. So we take it that those people who resort to fisticuffs on the road are people who may not have insurance policies.  It's a bad civility to understand that look, if I have a policy, I don't know to quarrel about anything or you need to call a insurance company. We pay claims every day. Every day we pay claims. During the cashless issue that we have in the country, the claims are entered from the, even the estimated value is over 20 billion. Interesting. You mentioned about interaction with the National Assembly. Regarding some policies that need to be put in place and all that, how far is that and how far do you intend to take this advocacy to them, especially the 10th Assembly that is coming? Well, the outgoing Assembly, I know that has passed second reading. I don't know where it is at the moment, but it has passed second reading. Maybe when it reconvies to be passed, but it's our hope that this night assembly, we pass that to law, we do it with it so that the president can sign to law before they leave the office. But if that doesn't happen, the incoming president is somebody who has also introduced policies of assurance in Lagos State, even when it was the governor of Lagos State, which the administration of Lagos State is carrying on. I hope that also extends to the federal states so that we can have this robust assurance policies, where there are policies deliberately by government to ensure that assurance policy, like what is done to banking, Libyan, we can't hope that, even if you must all sound like a broken record, that these policies are things that must be hearing. Because what you give is what you get. If you do not insure, you do not have anything to fall back on. Assurance is something that bring ultimate happiness, even when you make losses.  And when you have life policies, your life doesn't have to stop. If you have an educational plan for your children, even when you go, the assurance will come very handy. And this is what has brought happiness to many homes. But not to a lot of persons, they just feel that assurance is not something that works. But I'll tell you, my brother, it's something that works so much that even me as an insurance person, I have benefits. Recently, I had my car accedented and it was fixed without any question. And these are some of the things we also want to encourage in insurance that this administration that is coming in, should the National Assembly, even the National Assembly, they should come out and talk about insurance, not just talking about it for the sake of insurance. But for me, no, let me tell you something. The National Insurance Company has a way, they have remittances developing the economy because we also contribute. We pay taxes, we do a sort of, imagine all insurance, 240 million insurance, have one form of policy or the other. And for every returns that goes back to governments about 1%, imagine what the government will raise from insurance policies for the development, even taxes that come from insurance company. Now this year, we've crossed about 780 billion premium income for 2022. You can imagine the amount of taxes that VAT or normal taxes are going, additional tax that will come back from insurance policies. The more policies we have, the more robust the economy will be. Insurance sources also be like the like subset of the economy where people don't return their way. If you go to that part of the country, even Togo here, if you do not have insurance, you don't have to offer. In terms of your driving, in terms of your policies, even going to the bank. Okay, well, to say our economy is in bad shape, we wouldn't know, some of us who are not economists know that, but we do know that life is not very easy with us. So we're attributing that to the economy. Now the incoming administration will have to do a little bit of a shake here and there for the economy to thrive if you were to advise saying incoming government, what would you say? Well, for me, as an insurance practitioner, insurance should be encouraged because let me tell you what the issue is. Most of the issues we have is the recurrent expenditures that comes things that you have done.  Imagine the house of a government government and you have to go to another budgetary location to put it again. When you can push your hand to your insurance companies and ask them for claims. I don't want to mention these things. I traveled one time, I went to, I got to a state and saw the government building very dilapidated and I was asking why it was fire outbreak that happened sometimes in January. And I asked why I was in office. Luckily enough, I was going to have a meeting with the assailancy of the state, the governor of the state and when I met him I said, I'm here to discuss insurance with you but I'm coming, something touched me that I feel so bad. And the governor is very educated who understands insurance even some of them read abroad who understand the police of insurance that even before you go to an university you must have insurance policy for you to study, for you to add up life policy within the school domain. And I asked the assailancy I said why is that building lying fallow? He said because the national assembly they have to come out to make budget, supplementary budget for them to appeal by the police. I said that was wrong. The policy what you spend to do that is going to be much more higher than the amount of money that was used to build it because the building was there a long time ago. But it's something that you just insured and placed on a certain amount of money. All insurance companies needs to all you need to do is to inform your insurance company my house is on fire. In three weeks or four weeks you will see that house standing back interesting. Well you've heard it Nigerians the next government is coming in and we're talking about our economy one of the things that is very worrisome is the way the economy is. We talk about security we talk economy we talk education and so many other things that bother us. And one of the aspects of this economy that needs to be touched according to Mr. Osega is insurance and everybody who is coming back coming to be at the helm of affairs you take it really seriously so that our economy can grow. So let's just assume that you are having this meeting with all the governors and the president or that is coming in the people that are coming in just tell them as a final word what they need to do specifics of things that they need to do in as long as or as short as two minutes. For me they need to look at the culture of the society. Look at the initiative process of the country restructuring in terms of restructuring the economic indices and also be very keen to look at to look at the geography the geography when I mean geography I mean places if you have the nut you have more agriculture if you come to the south a lot of crops go in but we are so blessed in this country that there is so much resources. Then we talk about economic homogeneity what I'm talking about the cage analysis that that should be the basis of this government my advice they should operate so that we can have this economic homogeneity because if that happens there's improvement economic insecurity development for sure development all those things we take place we should look in world and do away with the idea that I don't want to build on world or other government there are many things this government have done that are very beautiful that you have to look in the cell okay no matter how it is there's only to set up in another foundation that when you not complete foundation you already have so this is better you look at where we're coming from where we are where we are going you see the the most intriguing things about about life itself is that you must ask some certain question where how when these are basic questions this government should ask before the for the coming to taking some decisions that will affect the populace if we have places in Nigeria that has to do with diversification of the economy it's also very very important because we can only put all our eggs in one basket as a people and begin to look at that whatever encourage other place of education and more so education infrastructure development education is very important our team use out of school children those issues are something we need to also address the more development the more infrastructure the more education the more insurance and more policies we want to write so at the end of the day we are concerned about those in this so grow all in this is this will be functionality of the economy not one set about a 30 the economy so that the populace can have peace and we cannot live enjoy this okay all right we've been talking with Mr Eboce Augustin Osega CEO uncle insurance and the insurance man of the year giving us pointers how economy can be revamped and Nigeria can move from strength to strength we'd like to thank you so much sir for coming on the program and once again congratulations for the award that you won thank you very much thank you for having me I really appreciate this opportunity we'll take a short break and when we return we will be looking at the political embryo in emo states stay with us


Mwbiliadodd a ni'n fawr i ggrifetol a chael yn gyntafol y cymysgol Ysgolwgr, sydd wedi'u rawr i'r Arweinydd Gwladysr yaynwyr yn fawr i'r prifoedd. Wrth gwrs, mae'n cyfarfodd i droswm ysgollogos yng Nghymru sydd eich ddiwethaff i ddifrif i ym n suppressedwyr Cymysgol Cymysgol Cymysgol Cymysgol Cymysgol Cymysgol Agenda item number two is feedback from the justice subcommittee on policing on its meeting of 11 May 2017. Following the verbal report, there will be an opportunity for brief comments or questions, and I refer members to paper one, which is a note by the clerk. As Mary Fee was not able to attend the meeting, I will provide the feedback to the effect that the justice committee on policing met on 11 May when it held a round table evidence session on the role of local police commanders. The subcommittee heard from local police commanders and local authorities representing a number of areas of Scotland. The local police commander is a role that was introduced by the Police and Fire Scotland Act 2012, and the subcommittee heard that in the main it was working well and making good progress. There were examples of good practice and of effective relationships between the local commanders, area commanders and an acknowledgement of continuing challenges. The next meeting of the subcommittee is scheduled for Thursday 18 May 2017, when it will take evidence from Police Scotland and the Scottish Police Authority on the Auditor General's 2015-16 audit of the Scottish Police Authority and its review of Police Scotland's I6 programme. I'm happy to answer any questions. Are there any questions from members? There are no questions. We will now move into private session. The next committee meeting will be on 23 May, when we will have an evidence session on the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service. We will also consider the Limitation Childhood Abuse Scotland Bill at stage 2, and I now suspend briefly.


He approached me with a horse, and next to him was a lion, and it was covered with fire.  He doesn't speak, I can hear his thoughts. And I was told to also get on the horse, and he says, follow me. I'm getting on the horse, the horse ain't going nowhere. Anywhere, but his horse went, it's like as if heaven opened, he entered into another round. And I'm like, how do I go? And I said, I believe I can go wherever he going. The horse went, and took me where he was. When you hear foolishness, and let's just be honest, let's just even be blunt. When you hear stupidity like that coming from of all places, the church, the question's got to be, who's the blame for all of this happening in the church? None of what we see today when it comes to people just saying some outrageous things and even doing some outrageous things, none of this is new. None of this, as a matter of fact, none of this is not predicted by the Bible. Jesus says these things are going to happen, that they're going to come. As a matter of fact, he says to be aware of them. Paul says to mark and avoid, and even to expose them, and even to call them out. So if we're told to do this, if we're told it's going to happen, well, then it's come as no surprise that it's happening. But the question is, why is this even preventable? Well, I will submit to you that it is preventable, but I would also submit to you that the blame for all of this is us, yes, us, the church. As a body, we are to exercise oversight and discipline, and what that really means is, when someone behaves in such a way, we should call them out, let everyone know, to avoid them, the Bible says to mark and avoid, and then to treat them as unbelievers. Because point of fact, they really are. That being said, none of this is new. This has been happening ever since the body of believers has been around. But you've seen an increase in this more so of late, specifically speaking within the last 30, 40, even 50 years. And I say this with all respect, so that it don't upset you too bad. But I say it anyway. When I read in the Bible where he says, I am, I just smile and say, yes, I am too. Where do you get that from? As a matter of fact, why don't the people in that church auditorium, why don't they get up and just en masse leave? Why doesn't the entire church body shun them? Why does the church body sit in silence? But we'll get to that in a second. But you need to understand that he didn't start off like this on his own. He was not out there by himself. Other people gave validity to him, and you'll see that he's doing the exact same thing as well as his cohorts are doing the same thing for others. Brother Copeland, would you come and stand in my place? Laurie, would you come and stand in Evelyn's place? Evelyn, would you come stand by me? Now, Brother Copeland and your dear wife, Laurie, would you look at us? Look on us. Silver and gold have we plenty. So we see almost a passing of baton from people like him, the Kenneth Hagans of the world. Now, notice what he says. The passage is, silver and gold have I not, but such as I have, I give unto you. But what does he say? Silver and gold, we have plenty of it. And that's true. Oral Roberts was, without question, a modern day prosperity gospel preacher full of bad doctrine. As a matter of fact, even having a university that he founded bearing his name, and you would think that because it's a university and someone like that, that that would give some legitimacy to him. But that's not the case at all. Clearly, he has one twist in scriptures, why, to enrich himself. We'll get back to the enrichment portion later, but you need to know that these people think highly of themselves and they want you to think highly of themselves. Again, this goes back to the garden when Satan speaks to Eve and says, one, did God really say that questioning the validity of the scriptures of God's word? Two, did God really say that? Are we understanding what his word actually says? But the thing that pushes over to the curve is one, pointing to Eve's desire. And then he makes a statement, you will not die, but instead you will be just like God, knowing good and evil. And the point is being just like God. And so one of the things that you've seen is that you see people doing one or two things. You see the people that are more secular in their approach, bringing God down to their level so they can look at God eye to eye, but look at him as though he's like them. If they're homosexual, then God's a God who is tolerant of homosexuality. If they are more social just as conscious, then God is a God who is more of a revolutionary, who is into fixing what ails us socially, be it with racism or sexism or what have you. But then you've got the more dangerous group. These are the people who not bring God down to their level, but go up to God's level and call themselves like God. This principle of everything producing after its own kind. And in verse 26 and 27, let's read it out loud, read and breathe. And God said, let us make man in our image after our likeness and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the file of the air and over the cattle and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his own image. Now that's interesting because if everything produces after its own kind, we now see God producing man. If God now produces man and everything produces after its own kind, if horses get together, they produce what? And if dogs get together, they produce what? But if the God hand gets together and say, let us make man, then what are they producing? They're producing God's. Now I got to hit this thing real hard in the very beginning because I ain't got time to go through all this.  You are God's because you came from God and you are God's. And so we see distortion of the scriptures by someone like Creflo Dalla who's saying that we are like God's. We are God's. The fact of the matter is we are not. We don't even have the ability to do what a God could do if in fact we were. We're just regular, lowly, fallible human beings with no real power to speak of except that of the Holy Spirit in us and it's not in the sense that we are like God. But listen to more of their blasphemous statements. Let this mind be in you. Let this be the way you think. Let this mind be in you, which was also in the anointed Jesus who being in the form of God thought it not robbery to be equal with God. And you do not think it robbery. It's not taking anything away from God to be equal with our father. To be equal with our Lord Jesus. He's the one that caused it to happen. And our good God said, oh yeah, they're my children. Of course they're equal to me. I gave birth to them. The point of that passage is to say that we are to be humble like Christ was who is God who humbled himself. Not to take it in twisted and say that we are God or we can be like God or we have the same as he's even said in other places, the DNA of God. And certainly not that we are equal with God. There is no other God, none like him. This is without question blasphemy and I can promise you after him repenting, he will give an account for that statement.  I've had, you know, people say that. I'm thinking about a situation right now that is a friend of mine and they said, you know, brothers so and so's ministry is just ruined. They said, why? Well, they got to running around with Copeland.  I already said, well, both of them just running all over the country trying to act like little Jesuses. Thank you. He noticed. That's exactly what I'm trying to do. See, Abraham, like God in God's face before him, like him. He called things that be not as though they were, just like God. Amen. Now, the reason why it's important for them to get you to believe that you are like God or have his powers is so that you can tell people that you have the ability to do what God can do. Such as he's saying, you can call those things that are not as though they were, but it's not us. It is God. But I want you to pay attention to what he says, what you can do with the scriptures and you'll see how this is all possible. Faith calls things that be not as though they were. Strong faith, like God, calls things that be not as though they were. How to twist it around and get it to say what you want to make Bible say anything you want it to. When you twist the scriptures, you can do and say anything to a crowd of people who do not care to open the scriptures. Paul was clear when he says that in the last and then that people will not endure sound doctrine. They will have these ears because they want to be something special to it. So you can tell them that you can be special and in doing so, you can say things that are clearly unbiblical. I studied to pray as I normally do. I have a habit of saying, hello Jesus. And he says, hi Jesse. It's a first name basis. I walked into that study and something was wrong, Pastor Olsden. I sensed it. Lord, something's wrong and it's not with me. Then I realized and I said, Lord, somebody hurt you today. Somebody hurt you today.  The Spirit of the Lord spoke to me and said, you know me, don't you? I said, listen, I'm going to cancel all of my appointments today.  For lack of a better word, God, to say, till you feel better. And I stood in that study and I praised God and I shouted and I cried and I loved the Lord and I said, come here, come here. Let me hug you, come here. And I just loved you and honored him. And it was about an hour and a half. And I heard him go, thank you. What should have happened to him at that point, the same with some of these others is they should have at that point, should have been summarily dismissed either from their church, if they have elders or from the minds of church going believers who will say that they're not Christians. As a matter of fact, we're going to treat them if they do not repent of this. We're going to treat them like unbelievers. But for some reason, we seem to be fearful as though we don't want anyone to judge us, but rest assured, one, God is going to judge us as well. But two, there is a command for us to do so. In 1 Corinthians 5, when Paul addresses this man who is sinning in such a way that not even the pagans do so, him sleeping with his father's wife. Notice what Paul says. Paul says, you have become arrogant and have not mourned instead so that the one who had done this deed would be removed from your midst. Paul's point is you don't have anything to be proud of.  You've got this clear and obvious sin. And what do you do? Nothing. He says, instead, put this person out, turn him over to the devil in hopes that he would get himself right in hopes that he would turn. We don't do that. We would ask and we would say things such as, let's just pray for them. Who are you to judge? We shouldn't judge and let God know we are responsible for the body. It is the body that judges the body. God is going to judge the world, but we are going to judge the body. That part is clear. God, the father, ladies and gentlemen, is a person and he is a triune being by himself separate from the son and the Holy Ghost. So what did you say? Hear it. Hear it. Hear it. See, God, the father is a person. God, the son is a person. God, the Holy Ghost is a person. But each one of them is a triune being by himself. If I can shock you and maybe I should, there's nine of them. So when Benny Hinn says something like that, he should have been dismissed. We're talking not five years ago, not 10 years ago. We're talking 30, 40 years ago and silence from the body. We look over it and just keep moving. We have the same Bible that we have today is what we had then. And the Bible is clear. We ought to deal with them in such a way and make sure Paul says to mark and avoid these people. Paul says, now, I urge you, brethren, to keep your eye on those who cause ascensions and hindrances, contrary to the teaching which you learn and turn away from them. Paul's point is anyone that causes division, those particular people we are to mark and avoid those people who cause a division concerning what? Concerning the doctrine, concerning the teachings of the Bible. These men have clearly done so and done so unapologetically and open conversations with each other. I've done that with the Lord. I've had the Lord say, Jesse, I've had God come tell me, say, this is what I'm going to do. I've had the Lord listen. What do you think about this? God has asked me for my opinion. They have placed themselves in a position where they are up here in terms of their spirituality, that they can do things that God didn't say we can do. They can say things that clearly aren't said in the Bible and they do so without repercussion. And we're not allowed to call them out because they have this belief that we should not touch them. Why? Because they're anointed. Never forget what I just said here. Touch not the anointed. And one of the biggest reasons why they do so is so they can also enrich themselves. The Bible says they will make merchandise of people, global people who will listen to them who aren't discerning the Bible says that these people will see that the Bible or church is a means of gain. Money coming to me. What you talking about? Last name dollar, I better have some cheese. But interestingly enough, even the secular society, even CNN would call him out on this. So if we go to Matthew 19, OK, in response to what you said about Psalms, now a man came up to Jesus and asked, teacher, what good thing must I do to get eternal life? And this was a young rich man.  If you want to be perfect, go sell your possessions, give to the poor and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come follow me when the young man heard this, he went away sad because he had such great wealth. Then Jesus said to his disciples, I tell you the truth, it's hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. Again, I tell you, it's easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle for then a rich man to enter the kingdom of God. Respond to that. Well, first of all, when when the rich young ruler showed up and he said, you know, what you need to do is take the things that you have to sell, sell it and then come and follow me. It was about loving God with your stuff. So, Creflo Dollar twist the scripture to say that he wants to have things so that we can use them to bless the kingdom. That was not the point at all that Jesus was making. Jesus was trying to make the point that you are too in love with this money. And what does he say? What does the Bible say later that it is the love of money that is a root of all kinds of evil? And so we see that we see people for the love of money, for the love of fame as well, saying all sorts of ungodly things. To them, it is a show. To them, they want you to see and to think that they are something, especially they have powers that they really don't have, even to put on a farce of a show and live. Well, I'm a man of this commanding life. Rise up. How so is this so so that even we see that this young man was not dead? His mouth is moving before this. This charade was perpetrated before the people. Even we'll see a woman saying that in the midst of everyone, that she's going to remove belly fat from them. Who feel like there's something going wrong in your stomach? It is too much distention in your stomach. You feel as if that is not normal and you want that belly to go in now. In the name of Jesus, put your right hand on your stomach right now. You're about to experience a supernatural power from God. In the name of Jesus, feel where your belly is now. Feel where your pants or your skirt is now. In Jesus Christ's name. Only believe all things are possible to them that believe. Your belly is going in now. I'm counting to three, one, two.  Under the song of my voice, I command in Jesus's name. That distention come out. Get up on your feet and ask you in the name of Jesus. Your belly shall shrink. Your belly shall go in more, more. I see it going in my mouth, more, more, more, more, more in Jesus' name. Angel of the Lord, angel of the Lord. And I can confidently confirm that anyone that came to this service, fat or with belly fat, less with belly fat. And people saw this, but no one questioned her, even her herself. No one even questioned the fact that she's got belly fat and it was not removed, but people will still continue to follow her. Why? Because she says she's someone that should be followed. And it's her turn for you to follow her. You learn the ways of God and you learn to walk in love. Then you also learn to love them that have the rule over you. You learn to respect and you learn to appreciate the prophets, the apostles, you learn to appreciate the.  The one who hold in the keys and I thought Jesus was holding the keys. Oh, yes, he is. But the last time I checked, he needed to use a man or a woman. Because I know you want to be that woman or not now, but you ain't reached yet. So until you reach. I got next. Now, for us, it should be evident that our goal, our job is to call this stuff out. As a matter of fact, Paul said this way, he says, and what I am doing, I will continue to do in order to undermine the claim of those who would like to claim that in their boasted mission, they work on the same terms as we do. He says, for such men are false apostles, deceitful workmen, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ. And no wonder for even Satan disguises himself as an angel of life. And so obviously the people that work for him, we see, will continue to see they do the exact same thing. Now in this place, you're having trans. When you have trans, you get to encounter angels. Michael, hallelujah, see Raphael, you get to, you get to have different encounters. You get to see Jesus.  I had the capacity to go to heaven and sit with Jesus and have conversations. And I would get information and partation and the anointing and for me to be able to come back.  But before I enter into this rammer where I went and downloaded things, this is the round where you get revelation now. This is the place where you get daily fresh word. Every day God gives you a fresh word. Why? Because you are now in the spiritual realm. The highest level of discernment is angelic discernment. The highest level of discernment is angelic discernment. So if you're not here and able to access the angels, demons will come to you looking like angels right now and you bow down. You have the capacity to go somewhere but your soul is too weak. Your soul is too weak.  This young lady is Lily Java. She is the wife or prophetess Java, the wife of Prophet Passion Java. Both of these people are as fake and as phony as they can possibly be but they still have a large following. They continue to grow their following and it should come as no surprise that the people they are in leagues with, the people that they find as their colleagues in this same farce of a ministry, these very same people have been blessed by none other than some of these original false teachers or should I say the false teachers from the 1970s and 1980s, 1990s, they are leaving a legacy of heresy. And so it's clear that the church is to blame for this. It is our responsibility to make sure that others know who is out there, who is a wolf. It's not the Muslims responsibility, it's not the atheists responsibility, it's not the Hindus or the Buddhists to tell anyone that these false Christian apostles are wolves. No, it's our job. The problem is though that the world is seeing us not do our job. But now rest assured though, those that want to turn a deaf ear, especially those that want to follow them, you need to understand something that God is not going to let you off the hook. As a matter of fact, God is simply testing you. And Deuteronomy 131 says, if a prophet or a dreamer of dreams arises among you and gives you a sign or wonder, and the sign or wonder comes true concerning which he spoke to you saying, let us go after other gods whom you have not known and let us serve them, you shall not listen to the words of that prophet or that dreamer of dreams.  The interesting thing is that the signs that they're supposed to show, they're not even showing signs. They're saying things, they're conjuring up things, and people are just believing in these dreams that they have gone to heaven.  They speak with the devil. They speak with Jesus. They are visited by angels. They go back and forth from heaven regularly. And we buy that, we believe that. Why the only people that would buy that are people who do not count the word, the Bible, as serious enough for them. They don't count that as worthy enough of their attention. They would much rather be entertained by false signs. Or even when the time does happen, when actual signs show up, they're going to follow those things. And they are following right now after a different God, a God who is more interested in putting out displays, putting out blessings for them, giving them money, making sure that their status is growing. They will have an enormous following, and it will continue to grow and grow and grow. Do not let the size of someone's platform, do not let their following fool you. Remember, Satan has the largest following on earth. Islam has over a billion, getting close to two billion people. There are a lot of people that will follow after the wrong things. And guess what? The Bible says so. There's no reason for Jesus to say to beware of them. There's no reason for us to be warned of false teachers and false prophets. There's no reason for us to be told that they're going to come and to be on the lookout if they're not going to come.  Remember, he is testing us. John says, not every spirit is of God, so test it to see. How do you do so? By the one thing that we all have in common, the word of God that was given to us by the Holy Spirit. And so, yeah, it's our fault that we have this, but we're also the solution. We can call these things out. We can let people know that here is danger, that we can warn people. And if after having been warned, they continue down that path, well, guess what? Like the washing on the wall, our hands are clean, but we should at least be guilty of telling people, warning people, so that they too don't have to suffer. Remember, at the end of every heresy is a soul. Let's be diligent about spreading the true gospel of God. Amen.


This week, following my request, the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board voted to free the six-pack and allow gas stations like Sheets, Wawa, and Rutters to sell six packs of beer as long as they have appropriate accommodations. Currently, the Pennsylvania Liquor Code requires the PLCB to, quote, refuse any application for a new license or the transfer of any license to a location where the sale of liquid fuels or oil is conducted, unquote. However, a recent Commonwealth Court ruling affirmed the PLCB's authority to improve customer experience and make purchasing beer more convenient for Pennsylvanians. This ruling sets an important precedent that clarifies this piece of Pennsylvania Liquor Code and allows for the sale of malt or brewed beverages at gas stations and other businesses. This is an important step toward improving availability and convenience for customers. Creating and following this precedent will make the Commonwealth more inviting for customers and businesses, and it will address a long-standing failing of our liquor and alcohol system while we continue to work on improving customer satisfaction for all Pennsylvanians.


Welcome bienvenue, welcome. What's that from? Do you know? Do you know? Do you know? Chicago. No, but it's not a bad guess. Und cabaret, und cabaret, und cabaret!  You know Pondicherry? I know Pondicherry. What do you know about it? The name. I've heard it over and over again, place in India. Yeah, yeah, I don't know. That's all I know. Apparently it's a little French town in South India. Yeah, Pondicherry. We've heard it mentioned several times in different films where it's been a place repeatedly talked about. Pondicherry used to be a French colony. Interesting. Welcome and welcome. Interesting. French colony. Okay, we'll do it this way. Pondicherry used to be a French colony until 1954. It's a unique little beach town with an amazing mismatch of French and Tamil culture. Pondicherry's French legacy is preserved in its architecture with three land streets, que la cul-donie elle vue l'airse, chic boutiques, the amazing French restaurants. Most locals speak both French and Tamil. Also, this is Calque's hometown. Makes sense. That makes sense. Had no idea about that. I love these little towns. They're all over the world obviously. Towns that were usually colonized by somebody else. Yeah. And so the culture there, even though it's India, it's they brought their own culture. So it's like a more two-world. And there's a lot of that here in America. If you go to Texas, you'd be surprised how much German influence there is.  It's little German structures and German restaurants with great German food in the middle of Texas. You have no idea. So yeah, that's really cool. We have one here, close to LA. I forget the name of it. It's past Ohak. You mean? It's a Dutch town. Solvang. Solvang. That's what it is. Same kind of thing. You go to Solvang and all the streets, the buildings, all you feel like you're probably in Deutschland. In Deutschland. Yes. So this is a video of pin things to do in Kalki's home. Kalki, how's your baby? Yeah, how you doing Kalki? Yeah, she's definitely watching. We'd love to talk to Kalki. Oh. Hey! I am in Pondicherry. We eat things about Pondicherry. Dang! That looks like a French town. South Indian coffee. French croissant, South Indian coffee. It's a little French bakery. I want to taste the French Indian fusion. Absolutely. I believe that was Superstar Rajnikanth. Yes. What is it? Those pistachios? That's that pistachio. Pondicherry is a vegan destination where you get amazing delight every day. Everywhere? How do you do French cuisine purely vegan? Nice. Look at all that. Look at that. It looks like a little, like all the architecture, there's very French. I love seeing stuff like that. Look at that beach. Black rocks. That's pretty. It's crazy that there's a place in South India that speaks French and Tamil. I love that. That is so cool. I want to go to this town. Wow. That's so cool. Do you speak French? We do. Oh really? We are going to Pondicherry. So everybody there speaks Tamil, English, French, probably Hindi. Probably some Hindi. Maybe some of the other South Indian languages like Malayalam. Dang. That's impressive. Pondicherry has a foreign language. Mini-Ark the Triumph. Dang. That architecture is so different to see it in South India. There's still honking horns though. Can't take the India out of India. Really? You've been wearing swimsuits? Because I know there's other places in India that are Spanish influenced or English influenced to the British. Yeah. It's so unique and I love that. The town looks adorable too. Is it a big tourist destination? I can't imagine it is. Especially if it's got a beach on it. That's a long board. Isn't that all over India? Yeah. Am I a mistake? It's funny. Those kinds of bikes, they're kind of moped styles. Yeah. I've been asked. They're shocked that that's not very common here. So this is basically their New Orleans. Yeah, right? I guess. This is India's New Orleans. Is that why New Orleans is? Yeah, New Orleans is heavily French influenced. Well, I know it's French influenced. I didn't know that because did French settle there? Yeah, they did. That's why it's such a heavily influenced. They created their own kind of people too called Cajun people. It's true. It's their own subculture in Louisiana. It's called Cajuns. They have delicious food. Magnificent food. You've been in New Orleans? Yeah.  Really? On the other football team. That's my American culture to clarify. It's a fun town. It's a fun town. It's a French quarter. I love towns like this. I don't know where this is. Obviously, our next trip is going to be South India whenever we're allowed to go back to other countries. Once again, you're in our thoughts. Because we know what you're going through right now. We keep up.  So I'm wondering if these French bakeries, are they Indian French? Right. Is it a combination that's... Gear masala in your croissant? Exactly. You have croissant with none. Oh, I know. Yeah.  Yeah. A little bit of crème roulée. Combined with the little little moustilles we have over here. We combine them together and I'm going to give you crème roustille. Because obviously India is obviously so diverse in terms of culture, just the Indian culture in all their different states.  I know the Spanish have some. And that's why at least in the Malayalam area that was colonized by the Spanish, they have a big Christian influence down there because of what they brought. So I'm assuming all over India. The Brits did that as well in Calcutta, especially northern Calcutta. There's a big Christian presence in there. And also architectural. There's also a Jewish presence in Calcutta. Yeah. But yeah, an architectural. Some of it I don't like. Like in Calcutta, the British influence kind of... Doesn't always work. It doesn't work. I much prefer seeing the Bengali and the Indian influences there. Our favorite architecture was when we had the Rajasthan. Rajasthan. Yeah. That was gorgeous. Such a... Such a... But there's a unique architecture. The neat thing in Calcutta is some of the buildings that you see that... Which is there's a huge number of them before it was changed to Calcutta. And it's all the old spellings. It's just that the history in India everywhere is so much deeper than it is here in the United States. Well, let us know if other videos of places around India...  Let us know if you're from here. We'd love to come here next time we are in India. Tell us stuff about your home. And I was gonna say goodbye in French, but then I went to... Au revoir. Au revoir. Au revoir. Au revoir. Au revoir.


What's up guys and welcome to trendy updates upon SPM birds. Now to the trending news today is the police officer that was caught on a CCTV footage. Aki ibiya invidilators pali kwa secondary school is on the run.  Ali kwa na ingi ya kwa classroom mba ili kwa imewe kwa handbags za wale female invidilators. Na aka eza kwa onekana ki ingi ya kwa handbags zao na katoa hela. Now this is a story that has come up during the KCSE that is going on. Na ii secondary school ney na julika na kama kimulota secondary school pali bometa county. Sa wale female invidilators wale kuja na kwa na handbags zao zi me tolewa some of their belongings. Including funds and other valuables. Na ii oni story mba iliyeza kwa trend sana pali kwa social media. Laki nii sasa story lai na itu fikiya ni kwa mba the police is on the run after being caught now guys.  Laki nii story none kana ea nii piya nii kama adui. Na comment section apa ina sema liru kwa na sema ongeze nii poliis salary itu solve all these. I don't know how true that is laki nii kuna Roma 254 na sema we aren't safe anymore. Ala fudan kwa na sema wali kwa promised salary increment nabaru wana ionea tu kwa view sasa every man for himself nii noma. Then there is rocky sea na sema wuku penye tumefikisha na nabotomap ekonomi wewewe. There is this emaramami na sema. This is something he has been doing for years ataha ugopi ana jua awezi tokakwa rum. Enyewe the level of confidence laki nii eli. Ata agafanya research tu wa kwa se you know so that you could see the CCTV cameras. Laki nii dala muhamedna na sema wamsa me hitu u linzi muhimu. Then yuko aqpa na juli kana kama fashion kodstan. Ane sema ya nii kilasiku wa kenya wenzangumu na nii bisha upia. Na nii ke malizia miss goomba wa na sema mpa kana skia ebu kumaliza ku watch. I don't know what are your thoughts about you know the poliis that was caught on CCTV footage. Ransaking handbags nasa samweza kuturoka. Siju ima onia konia api aoud love to hear that. Leave a comment down on the bill on the comments section. But in the meantime keep it trendy. Updates hapa. SVM birds.


So one of the important things we have to be able to do is to solve an equation for a specific variable. So I suppose we have the equation A equals one-half BH. And we want to solve this for H. So there are three important things to keep in mind when solving equations. First, to solve an equation for a variable, we want to rewrite the equation in the form variable equals stuff that doesn't include the variable. Second, the type of expression or equation is determined by the last operation performed. And third, you have to undo the last thing first. So if we take a look at the equation A equals one-half BH, we see that this is a product. And so we begin by dividing. Now remember we need to be a little bit careful with division. We should avoid dividing by an expression containing the variable we want to solve for. So if we think about this equation as the product one-half times B times H, we're multiplying H by one-half B. And so that means we'll divide by one-half B. And so now we have H equal to a whole bunch of things that don't include the variable H we've solved for the variable. Although the form isn't particularly nice. Well, we don't have to do it. It's nice not to have a fraction in the denominator. So we can simplify our expression. Remember if we multiply numerator and denominator by the same thing, we get an equivalent fraction. And if we multiply a fraction by its denominator, that will clear out the fraction. So here this fraction one-half in the denominator, if we multiply it by two, we'll get rid of the fraction. We also have to multiply the numerator by two to keep the same expression. And that gives us a simplified form of our answer. How about the equation P equals 2L plus 2W solved for W? So again to solve an equation for a variable, we want to rewrite the equation in the form variable equals stuff that doesn't include the variable. The type of expression or equation is determined by the last operation performed. And you have to undo the last thing first. So our expression 2L plus 2W has a multiplication, 2L, 2W, and an addition. We have to do the multiplication first, which means the addition is done last. And so the expression is a sum. So we should begin by subtracting. Since we want to solve for W, we want to get W all by itself. We'll subtract 2L. So again we're trying to solve for W. We had an addition. We've taken care of that. We also have a multiplication. So now we want to divide by two. And now we have our equation in the form W equals stuff that doesn't include W. We've solved for W. So let's solve this for R to solve an equation for a variable. We want to rewrite it in the form variable equals stuff that doesn't include the variable. The type of expression or equation is determined by the last operation performed. And you have to undo the last thing first.  We have a sum. Order of operation says the divides have to be taken care of first and then the sum. So the last thing done is a sum. And so the expression is a sum. And since we're trying to solve for R, we'll subtract 1 over Q. So at this point it's helpful to think about all the stuff that doesn't involve R as things we can take care of first. And that means all this stuff over on the left hand side, we don't really care what the operations are. The only thing that matters are the operations that are actually being done with R. And so over here on the right hand side, we have 1 over R. Well that's really 1 divided by R. The expression involving R is a quotient. And since we're dividing by R, to undo this we should multiply by R. And over on the right hand side, our common factors of R drop out. And over on the left hand side, we do nothing because factored form is best and we have a product. And so the expression involving R is a product and so we should divide. And again, typically we want to avoid dividing by an expression containing the variable we want to solve for. So we want to divide by this entire expression 1 over T minus 1 over Q. And that gives us our final answer.


So, now we go to the Landau theory which I will spend about I think some 15, 20 minutes on that. So, Landau theory is saying that although it is largely phrenological, but it is the beginning of the conceptual framework of understanding phase transition, ok. So, read this, but also let me in the meantime also let me briefly tell you. In 1937 when Landau did the theory of phase transition, it is a general theory of phase transition and it paves the way for everything that followed, a very simple theory, incredibly simple theory and but however this generality that it allowed and the new concepts that brought in which was not there before and one of the new concept that Landau brings in, he just did, he asked the questions that I was asking here, how do I take the characteristics here in the old phase which I know contain the key to for the phase transition. So, how do I do that? What are the way I go about incorporating this? So, he rightly now guessed that the way to do that that I need to have the, so I have the minima, I have the minima in the liquid and I have all the correlations here. So, now if I can expand the free energy in of these phase in terms of free energy of all the characteristics of these phase, then I can look for a certain discontinuity. So, that is of course ambitious and it is the reason it does not fully work, but that is the one it is called the, so this is again my favorite line, some of the predictions are not quantitatively correct, but the main merit and the strength of Landau theory is its tremendous generality that comes with a simplicity that is unmatched, unmatched in theoretical discussions and you will see that, but the reason I am preparing you for that though it is a very simple theory, it opened the door for many theories and it is the generality that is absolutely mind boggling. So, what it is? After saying all these things, what Landau did, let me write down the free energy of the new phase, free energy, F is the new free energy of the new phase in terms of a simply called Landau expansion, expansion in a Taylor series, in a Taylor series of, see people are all very perplexed for many years, decades, nobody wrote down such a simple expansion, but Landau wrote down, that is what actually probably the simplicity or whatever is the genius, so he expands. So, this is the, when you expand like that, then eta is the order parameter, so I am expanding free energy in the order parameter, in the old phase order parameter is 0, so f equal to epsilon, now my aim is to find a solution of the free energy in terms when the eta is normally 0, so this is the search of a solution, what are the conditions then, where then the answer lies, the answer lies as I said answer lies in this branch, answer lies in this branch and where are these branch are going to, all these quantities alpha, A, B, C, all of them are temperature dependent, this is explicitly put out for reasons I will describe a little later, all of them are temperature dependent, now what are these quantities, how do I get alpha, A, B, C, exactly you take the derivatives, so that is the characteristic I was saying, we need the derivatives and once you try to find the derivatives, you go a little deeper, you find the derivatives are in fact not only just specific heat or compressibility, but they are also given little higher level theory intermolecular correlations in the old phase, which we are not going to go, so this is the famous Landau expansion, there are many other terms there, these when you put the gradients here, delta eta from that becomes a Ginsburg Landau and that is one of theory of superconductivity people use or super fluidity, the Ginsburg got the Nobel Prize later for this and many other things, so now we start playing some games, so these are first important things they are determined by the derivatives of the free energy in the old phase, so these are determined by the old phase and we are trying to buy Taylor expansion just like we do, how do we do a Taylor expansion, we always do Taylor expansion by going from known to unknown that is the Taylor expansion, interpolation, extrapolation, so Taylor expansion always like we do f x plus a, we do a Taylor expansion f x plus then first derivative, but evaluated at x a, so whole idea is that of going from known to unknown and known we know, we are entitled to know everything about the old phase and then we are trying to do new, now first thing is that because it is a free energy minima, because it is a minima here in the liquid phase this is 0, so now it becomes simpler that the free energy is one term less, next very important one quantity is done, now I make a distinction between a first and second order phase transition and this is a very important, so I will now describe something else that is coming here but coming at a later stage, so I better do it here, this is extremely important thing and essence important part of the Landau theory, so in a first order phase transition free energy surface behaves like that, this is against order parameter free energy and I am lowering temperature towards the transition, so this is the old my parent phase this is the daughter phase parent daughter, now parent and daughter becomes stable, now what is in my pressure density what is this point? Exactly this is the co-existent point, so this is the metastable, characteristics of first order phase transition that there is always a metastable phase, one of the major characteristics and what is the manifestation of the metastability, we see it all the time what is the most important manifestation or a signature of metastability hysteresis, you see in the presence of magnetic field huge hysteresis that is because system even strapped even when this is stable system strapped here that is one of the reason, another reason even at co-existence there is a large barrier in first order phase transition, what is the consequence of this large barrier in a first order phase transition gas to liquid to solid nanomaterials forever, nucleation you cannot spontaneously go from one phase to other phase because this is a macroscopic barrier which is proportional to number of particles in the system, so it must be new phase must be nucleated, so two important characteristics of first order phase transition is A, metastability hysteresis be it must be nucleation because there is a macroscopic barrier which so system must be is like a winning a war you must get into the fort, these are first order phase transition what is happens, so this is the land of free energy surface for first order phase transition, what happened to land of free energy surface for second order phase transition like the order disorder transition like super fluidity, now this is very nice and very nice this is what is the land of theory is gives you a nice physical picture, this is low temperature now I am increasing temperature or you can say decrease whatever you will see so uniquely different, this is time I really miss a big board, this t equal to tc, this t less than tc, t near tc and then t greater than tc, let me see t greater than tc, t greater than equal to tc and t less than tc, so there are the four diagrams, so there is no metastability in a second order phase transition there is no nucleation, so as I go to the transition point the systems remember I told in the response function second derivative are the springs that hold the system together, here this spring is compressibility or susceptibility or the specific heat and that spring slowly goes away that is why you are infinitely compressible at critical point and the free energy surface becomes really broad and shallow in the minima and this is where things are diverging and just below little below that you get this spontaneous symmetry breaking of the system, so this is land of provides this free energy landscape, the free energy provided this beautiful picture how a phase first order phase transition happens and every second order phase transition happens, this is how first order what is shown here is first order what I have drawn there is first order and the so there is a huge change in going from melting is a case where there is no second order phase transition and there is a beautiful logic again land of logic that in a gas liquid however there is a second order phase transition this becomes narrow remember the isotherm then this is the critical point inflection point this is Tc and so as you approach that then free energy surface start become even in the minima start become flatter and then the whole second minima completely disappears and you get the so this is the one that is shown there is the first order phase transition is metastability and then I will do the land of theory in a minute and this is the flat and then this is the spontaneous symmetry breaking in a second order phase transition. So let us do the land of theory quickly and so knowing that free energy surface are very different land of trivially now he said okay okay first thing I again mentioned that is an order parameter that is why order parameter is introduced so that I can expand the free energy order parameter is the change and you know the free energy expansion is an expansion is done in Taylor expansion have to change so in fx plus a our Taylor expansion a is the order parameter you are expanding around that and so order parameter is the smallest parameter okay that is number one second one now we going to do the second order phase if we do first order phase transition then this quantity b is non-zero and if b is non-zero I can make b negative and by making b negative I describe this transition and that is exactly the way land of Dijon theory of liquid crystal was done the Dijon was given a workplace for 2 watt one is liquid crystal another is polymer or 3 or semi-contact also in these two liquid crystal and that it is he did the land of theory so is the beautifully one can describe and it turns out I can do the calculations of b and in first order phase transition they are negative what is an example let us do the van der Waals gas and we take again and again so this is the van der Waals gas or famous van der Waals and then this is the free energy for integrating this one you get the free energy and I can plot the landscape free energy landscape from van der Waals I can also do expand free energy in a Taylor expansion van der Waals gives you exactly this what we discussed the other deferrals these are my material series beauty is that the second coefficient is this thing now free energy is very very go over you get a key term cubic term you integrate that get the free energy these term becomes negative at a low temperature simulating the phase transition first order phase transition and these goes to the cubic term goes to become small near the gas liquid critical point that does not fully describe this theory but land of theory is essentially van der Waals theory these are called mean field theory in the sense that I am a neglecting fluctuations I am using a simply Taylor expansion to describe the if I integrate that whole square row cube that comes in so van der Waals free energy is exactly land of free energy except I now have some little bit of ideas where are it b b and b 2 b 3 are there ok it already has now the strength of land of theory is in providing a description of the second order in a trivial way now second order phase transition here there is a symmetry the symmetry is that free energy is invariant if you 0 this plus this minus is the same this is called the degeneracy so if it is so then my this quant this free energy the condition often called the parity a symmetric condition and then this becomes simple like that this is very famous you know particle phase 5 4 theory many many theories you know cage will say himself did it it has a huge impact on the enormous field of field theory this is this land of thing that is it went in so many different ways and whole polymer is I told you liquid crystal everything is done in this language this is more I like to tell that this actually gives you the language of the phase transition that teaches you how to think about phase transition how to think of free energy change ok and order parameter so this is now simplifies and now land of made this brilliant thing is that ok a is a strongly temperature dependence I assume a t this is the not the hemorrhage free energy this is constant a and this is a universal language of a land of theory this kind of expansion is the absolutely standard now you get so I make this why do I do that I make this why do I do that I did it because when t goes to t c so this is this term then this term is the one that is the spring that is the frequency right and told you that is the response function this we know will be specific actually one over specific it but that so this thing is going to be flat so that is why he assumes that it goes to 0 as a t minus t c and then I solve for eta with that condition put this here this is here now I go and find out this take a derivative when I take the derivative I get eta equal to 0 always remain a trivial solution because this phase always remains a trivial solution this is minimum here but in maximum the same condition also holds and then I solve that I get this is the so the order parameter is a remarkable prediction that order parameter has this non classical dependence that means even when look at this beautiful thing if t c minus t c is 0.1 I go below 0.1 I am in this regime I am going below the critical temperature what is square root of 0.1 0.33 right I go to 0.01 what is square root of 0.01 0.1 what does it mean this kind of fractional exponent means he is a huge dependence and this is the real hallmark of critical phenomena this fractional exponents these exponents is called alpha is the specific heat no sorry this is called beta because it is in terms of order parameter and beta is the universally 0.3 or 1 by half close to this is amazing you do so many different systems define the order parameter and consider the temperature different order parameter and you find the fractional exponent all almost always 0.3 0.3 that is why it captured the absolute the a of imagination of scientist across that is this universality is a characteristics of critical phenomena and these are the called critical exponents yes no what do you have actually you have absolute and there are lot of these exponent beta above and lower called beta and beta prime and there have been lot of work on that and beta and beta prime are almost always the same they might be slightly difficult but very difficult do the experiments exactly very close to that but experiments were known for a very long time this is exactly exponent you find from van der Waals theory also these are called the landau theory does not get correctly exponent 1.3 but it captures one of the essence that the so eta is the change so eta will be if I go below this I come from here to here then this will be the order parameter. So what I am saying is that by giving change a small amount the eta is going to change by big amount that is a singularity that we talk about in order parameter. So there are all these different kind of order disorder transition isotropic nematic is very closely second order and then gas liquid is a thing so going back to first order phase transition now like liquid crystals or van der Waals discuss the first order fairly well that then B is non-zero anymore it is the B that changes the sign. Now what Dijan did in liquid crystal transition in isotropic nematic he noticed that isotropic nematic is nearly second order though first order so he kept landau theory he kept landau this path and then he also kept the B term and it developed a theory again same spirit same phenology nothing great but he also again captured the describe the liquid isotropic nematic phase transition in liquid crystals which is given here. I think this is what I wanted to tell the landau theory and the free and the free angel landscape of landau theory then the critical exponents so there are some other critical exponents which one should not I do not like to add that but the other critical exponents are the following specific heat alpha eta just even I might be making something wrong this is beta and specific heat alpha I should have had that then order parameter is a beta and there are some other critical exponents that is gamma delta a series of critical exponents which compressibility compressibility goes as gamma space with alpha alpha is typically 0.1 beta is typically 0.3 2 gamma is typically 1.8 landau theory predict this is this is half landau theory finite discontinuity here and this one landau theory predict 1 so landau theory gets is values wrong but it does get the basic physics correct. So, should I write it separately these Cp Cp or you can see these things Cp eta and chi and these are the exponents critical exponents alpha beta gamma and as I said they are universal that means they are nearly the same across all the systems this is a good question and all is a mean field Ramakrishna Nimswap is a mean field landau is a mean field all are the same at the end of the day the reason is that when I expand that these are the ones with guys working on phase transition right the day in and day out ok. Now in all these things now let us consider gas liquid simple thing in a gas liquid near the critical point what happens there are regions which are liquid like there are regions next to it which are gas like large scale density fluctuations you look at the density and now I look at the density as a fluctuations around the average density in my critical rho star language critical density is again universal in near point 3 it is very interesting near point 3 I take that out and look at fluctuations then what do I see I see there is a region like here where is my origin I draw like that there is a large value then after that it becomes negative then become large then becomes negative I find out that so delta rho this is liquid this is gas this is liquid like that need not be periodic there is not periodic but there are so what are these now these are interfaces what does interface bring in bring in surface tension at an extra energy where is that in Landau theory it is not. So Landau theory has to be supplemented by and lo and behold you have one of the most powerful theory of the world these Ginsberg Landau. So Landau Landau walls does not have this extra term which is we call effect of fluctuations so mean field theory does not have the effect of fluctuations you have to go to Ginsberg Landau to do that that we all do when you do surface tension in my book we have dealt with it at length surface phenomena nucleation these are one of the main at the topics in my book which are not dealt in either in physics or in chemistry books no you do not have the co-existence you have no you do not have co-existence you have a point see co-existence a line. So as I drew there that line coalesces it becomes a point point of singularity here this is where a large fluctuations are going on gas like and liquid like in a magnetic phase transitions you have the up spin and down spins and you know or ordered and disordered that means one place is ordered followed by a disordered region. So these are the then the order goes away and becomes fully disordered so the co-existence so this is a flat free energy interface there is no they are they are are inside it gas like and liquid like but those are microscopic or mesoscopic domains they are essential and ingredient for the fluctuation large scale fluctuations we call the exact language is large scale fluctuations but those large scale fluctuations are affecting the thermodynamic properties but there is no macroscopic interface. This is a very important question that you asked that the and the very essence of a critical phenomena and so one I go over take care of those fluctuations in this term and then like a huge amount of difficulty that comes in cannot be solved and that is where comes an important way how to go beyond next step and that was done by first thing was done by Kadanov by he said how the introduced how the lens scale diverges that is called Kadanov transformation. There is a beautiful book by Shankang Ma Dynamical Innovation Dynamical Innovation Dynamics of Critical Phenomena he described the beautifully Kadanov and there is a wonderful review article for high school students essentially but first year is students called Mattis and Kadanov physics today 1979 or 78 wonderful that is the best of critical phenomena that I know of Kadanov and Mattis or Mattis or Kadanov both were at Brown and they wrote together and we got the we got the print everything was done in one dimension which is done that particular article almost in Toto in my book the critical phenomena. So doing that was done step by step Kadanov did the Kadanov transformation says how to treat the emerging correlations long length correlations that happens things become correlated over long say because the fluctuations become correlated that because here if I have liquid like regime then I have a gas like regime this is called fluctuations getting correlated the one of the most powerful theory of modern times K. G. Wilson in 1970 or 71 did the transformation which is lot of fun lot of fun to that I did that once I was happy to I was very lucky in Chicago to work with one guy called Yoshio Ono we did the transformation group calculations of polymers Mattis amazing theory okay.