Coming up on DTNS. What apps are kids using these days? Brave caught adding referral links to domain names and why Airbnb and other vacation rental services are booming. This is the Daily Tech News for Monday, June 8th, 2020 in Los Angeles on Tom Merritt. And from Studio Redwood, I'm Sarah Lane. And I'm the show's producer, Roger Chang. We were just talking about salted versus unsalted butter, the state of the Fonda family and so much more on good day internet. Become a member right now at Patreon.com slash DTNS. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. Sony rescheduled its PlayStation 5 event to Thursday, June 11th at 4 p.m. Eastern time. They still plan to show off games for over an hour at PlayStation.com slash PS5. Google updated Google Maps to show COVID-19 related information, including locations that require a mask to be worn, COVID-19 checkpoints, and how crowded public transit is likely to be. Google Maps will also show requirements when going to a testing or medical facility, including if an appointment is needed for COVID-19 testing in some countries. Bloomberg's Mark Gurman sources say Apple is preparing to roll out interest-free payments for Apple devices paid for with an Apple card. The company will reportedly offer 12-month interest-free payments for iPads Max, Apple Pencil, iPad keyboards, with six months no interest on AirPods, Apple TV, and HomePod, interestingly. Last year, Apple introduced 24-month zero-percent financing on iPhone models. Motorola announced the One Fusion Plus smartphone, which features a 6.5-inch FHD Plus display, Snapdragon 730 chipset, 6GB RAM, 128GB of storage, and a 5,000 mAh battery. It also has a pop-up 16-megapixel self-cam and four rear cameras, including ultrawide, macro, and depth-sensing cameras. The phone runs Android 10 and comes to Europe later this year for €299. Apple published password-manager resources on GitHub designed for developers of password managers to, quote, create strong passwords that are compatible with popular websites. The resources include the requirements of particular websites to generate compatible passwords, groups of websites with shared credential backends, the URLs of sites to change passwords, and Apple hopes those resources will improve the overall quality of all password managers and provide an incentive for websites to use standards to improve their compatibility with password managers. The Chinese car battery maker Cattle announced it's ready to manufacture a battery that can power a car for 1.2 million miles over 16 years. According to Cattle chairman Zeng Yuquan, the battery will cost 10% more than its existing batteries. Automakers currently warrant electric car batteries for 60,000 to 150,000 miles from three to eight years. The company currently supplies batteries to Tesla, BMW, Daimler, Honda, Toyota, Volkswagen, and Volvo. And Facebook published new group moderation guidelines. Facebook now recommends that groups create specific lists of topics that aren't allowed so that it's clear to everybody. Facebook also recommends mods educate themselves on issues that create opportunities for new and diverse members to join as moderators and acknowledge current events with a post that outlines group rules. Alright, let's talk a little bit more about this Brave browser thing. Oh, let's Twitter user Yannick Echel. Notice that when visiting the cryptocurrency exchange Binance in the Brave browser, the browser automatically redirected to an affiliate version of the URL and review of the browser's code on GitHub found similar redirects for the exchange's ledger, trezor, and queenbase referral URLs inevitably track clicks in order to pay a percentage to the affiliate. And in this case, it was brave. Brave promotes itself as letting users receive advertisements without revealing personal data. According to Brave CEO Brennan Eich, the affiliate links were only meant for the opt-in trading widget on a new tab page. So there's a little discrepancy here. AutoComplete should not have added the referral code. And Eich wrote on Twitter, quote, we are clearly not perfect, but we correct course quickly. According to Eich, the redirects never revealed any user information. Yes, if you're not quite sure what these referrals are, they're just in the case of Binance, let's say, it's just binance.com slash question mark gobbledygook. And the gobbledygook lets Binance know this URL was referred by Brave and therefore will check a tick mark so that we can give Brave a little bit of a payment. Amazon referral URLs work the same way. It's the same URL for any Amazon page, but it has a little thing at the end so they can know where it came from and sites get paid based on that. What Brave wants to do and is still doing is when you opt in to have a widget for Binance and these other things on the empty tab page, there will be a referral URL there. But the way they coded it also used the autocomplete system to say like, hey, when you type Binance anywhere in the browser, let's add the referral code and that's what they got wrong. And that's what he's saying, like, look, we're not perfect. That was the wrong move. It was a mistake. We apologize. The question is, this isn't the worst thing in the world and Brave has corrected it quickly, but you're talking about an audience, Sarah, that is laser focused on privacy and went to Brave specifically because they were going to be treated better their privacy-wise. Yeah, I think the current state of companies saying, hey, we're sorry. We didn't realize this was going on. That happens all the time. And that's OK. And you'd learn from mistakes and you grow a better product because of it. And sure, give Brave the benefit of the doubt here. But there's just a lot of folks who are trying to sniff out like, what are you really doing to us type thing? And I think that in this case, Brave got a lot of attention because people are just kind of paranoid. Yeah. Were they bravely admitting their mistakes or putting on a brave face over a sneak attack? See what you did there. Yeah. Michael Spector of MIT and J. Alex Halderman of the University of Michigan released a report called Security Analysis of the Democracy Live Online Voting System. It analyzed the security of OmniBallot from Democracy Live. You may have heard us talk about this back in January. It's a system being deployed in Delaware, West Virginia and a few other jurisdictions to let you download a blank ballot that you can then choose to mark and return either offline or online. The report from Spector and Halderman recommends avoiding using OmniBallot if possible. After they did the security review, they said our recommendation is don't use it. But they're like, we know there's some accessibility issues and this may be the best choice for some people for other reasons. So if you have to use it, they say download the blank ballot from OmniBallot, print it, then mark it by hand and mail it back. They're like, that will limit the number of vulnerabilities you could fall for. They also recommended confirming that the ballot looks right for your precinct and that you got the right mailing address to mail it to. OmniBallot can mark the ballot on screen for you, but the research shows that will share your identity and selections with Democracy Live servers. Now Democracy Live says on its own page that the ballots are secured with AWS Object Lock and the selections are encrypted. So they're saying even though it's sent to us, we won't do anything with it other than use it to make your ballot. But the report notes that potential vulnerabilities could take advantage of this system at any point. And again, these are not new vulnerabilities, but they're the kind of vulnerabilities you might be more tolerant of in just downloading a page from Facebook or looking at a catalog page even on a retailer, but you might not be tolerant of them with an election. So software engineers and sys admins at Democracy Live could either be corrupted themselves to introduce problems or be phished to allow people to have access to introduce problems into the system. AWS employees the same way. Again, maybe it's not likely, but it is a vulnerability. There's not protections against that, at least according to Hallderman Inspector. There's also the problem that the website for OmniBallot runs JavaScript, and there are multiple JavaScript vulnerabilities that could be exploited to create some cross-site interceptions. Potential attacks could be used to misdeliver ballots. So you might select your ballot and get the one for the wrong precinct. That's why they recommend checking to make sure you got the right ballot. It might delete some races. So it looks like the right ballot, but maybe one or two races are missing. They could interfere with ballot return to delay it because you can use OmniBallot to actually email or fax your ballot back, and that could be intercepted and maybe sent to the wrong place so it's delayed. They could replace return envelope instructions, which is why they say confirm that you've got the right address. That could cause printed ballots to be mailed to the wrong locations. Sarah, these aren't particularly high probability attacks, but when you're talking about elections, they're the kind of thing that it only has to happen once for people to lose all faith in election, or people can just suspect that it might happen and lose faith. Yeah, exactly. I mean, the whole, hey, accessibility might be an issue for a lot of folks. Let's give them options. Great. Great. On the surface, absolutely great. The fact that there are a lot of holes that can be poked in a lot of these current solutions. I mean, all it does is really introduce just a lot of doubt and there's so much of that going on now.  Oh, you know, how much does that really matter? Like, how were you influenced and what's really going on here? I don't know. I mean, I hope we get to a point where something like OmniBallot is pretty rock solid and it isn't, you know, studied by researchers who kind of go, avoid it if you can, but if you have to use it, I mean, it's better than nothing. You know, we have to get to the point where we're just better than nothing. Yeah. I'll be honest. I looked at this and I'm like, well, OmniBallot looks like it's pretty secure. The problem isn't that it's pretty secure. The problem is pretty secure isn't secure enough. Right. Yeah, exactly. Well, the digital safety app speaking of security maker Custodio. That's with a Q you released a survey of 60,000 families looking at apps used by children aged between four and 14 from the US, the UK and Spain from February 2019 to April of this year. The survey found that YouTube is watched by 69% of kids in the US, 74% in the UK, 88% in Spain, while YouTube kids, that's their kids app that is separate and supposedly four kids, was used by 7% of kids in the US, 10% in the UK, and not meaningfully enough to even really get registered in Spain. Overall viewing was down in all three countries by a few minutes, still accounting for 86 minutes a day in the US. Now, Netflix remained the second most watched video app with 33% in the US, 29% in the UK and 28% in Spain. As of February of this year, TikTok was used by 16.5% of US kids, 18% in the UK and 37% in Spain with watch time up 116% to 82 minutes a day in the US peaking at 95 minutes during the COVID-19 lockdowns. In the gaming arena, Roblox dominated in the US and UK with 54% and 51% of kids playing respectively in Spain. The game only saw 17% playing with Brawl Stars being the big hit. On average, children played Roblox 20 minutes longer than any other video game app with 81 minutes per day in the US in February. Interestingly enough, COVID-19 increased time spent on Roblox by as much as 45% in Spain, however, didn't significantly alter the other percentage plane. Yeah, so the upshot here is YouTube kids, not popular with kids. YouTube still popular, but TikTok is growing and even during the lockdown took a bite out of it. And outside of Spain, Roblox is the thing. And I guess Brawl Stars being the thing in Spain. And we mentioned this to Roger, our producer. Roger, you were saying you can verify locally the Roblox phenomenon. I can mention because it seems so my child actually doesn't play the game directly, but she watches a lot of YouTube videos that incorporate elements of Roblox gameplay into it. And she watches a lot of YouTube, like a lot. And it's very interesting to see her gravitate toward things, mainly because the YouTube algorithm is amazingly well crafted toward picking what kids like, because kids like a very specific set of video content.  My youngest just likes music videos, but Netflix is also very popular. And what's interesting is she likes the Netflix children's setup versus the adult where the Netflix has nothing but, you know, when you set up the Netflix UI so it shows nothing but children-friendly content as opposed to YouTube where because of the way YouTube, YouTube for children works, it's a lot more limiting. So a lot of the content that she likes isn't available. And you can only get it on the adult version or the regular version of YouTube. So it's a parental decision. That's interesting. Yeah. No, it's I was going to say the same thing.  I mean, it's not just her. It's just not sticking with kids. It's part of it is they're very, they're very, very sensitive, I guess, because of because of a lot of the criticisms they have on it to be very, very child safe. But unfortunately, it also limits a lot of the content that is super popular. There's a lot of creators out there like Jojo Siwa. There's some stuff on her that is available on the children's side, but there's a lot more available on the regular YouTube app, which includes a lot of her. Hey, look at my room. It's filled with candy and plushies stuff. And it's it is it is I've always wondered why didn't YouTube just incorporate a you'd like a child filter into the main app instead of having a separate app that the child would go through because like so we had a guest on before say once it. No, Emily knew it.  Yeah, so I see what you're saying. Why didn't they do what Netflix did, which is basically the same thing as YouTube kids app, but just make a lockdown version. I think they were they were trying to defend themselves against criticisms that they weren't doing enough to and it was it's easier to defend yourself if you say we're making an entirely different app for that. I wanted to get lost what Sarah said, TikTok making big gains on YouTube. So keep an eye out for that. That folks that that is significant here that that TikTok that YouTube is essentially flat during the lockdown. It's not like people stopped watching it. But we've wondered if anything could ever take a bite out of YouTube. And this is the first thing we've seen in a while that that might show an indication of doing that. Of course, the other one is Twitch, at least with live and at least with video games, but Twitch has largely escaped the YouTube copyright controversy until now. Twitch posted on Twitter that it has received a sudden influx of DMCA takedown requests for clips with background music in them from between 2017 and 2019. According to the Verge, the claimant is listed as the RIAA, the Recording Industry of America Association. Now, if you're unsure about rights to audio and past streams, Twitch says, we advise removing those clips. We know many of you have large archives and we're working to make this easier.  But clips are snippets of those live streams that are saved by the users to promote a channel. So the music is sometimes something that was allowed to be streamed. They're allowed to play the game Beat Saber, but they're not allowed to use that music in a stored video. It's the quirk of the license for music. And like most services, creators can be suspended on Twitch if they get three copyright strikes, which leaves a lot of creators racing to delete thousands of clips that they didn't create. The users created these clips, sometimes in the thousands. And the creators don't always know which clips have music in them and which don't. And there's no both delete. And Twitch has said they're going to work on a way to make this easier. It doesn't look like they're suspending anyone right now until they figure this out. But this is the working of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act in the United States. It is an exception to the Safe Harbor Rule of Section 230 that says platforms can be found liable for copyright infringement. And so Twitch has to actively pursue this, or they could be liable for the infringement. Yeah. I mean, as content creators, and I know a lot of our audience are as well. I'm acutely aware anytime I watch a video, whether it's 10 minutes or 10 seconds, where I'm like, oh, copyrighted music. Wow. How's that going to work? And something like Twitch. Yeah.  Just clip or clip. Yeah. On, on Twitch, a small portion of what your stream might have been. It's like, that's a big part of the fun of Twitch. But Twitch not allowing bulk delete. If you get into hot water as the creator who is, you know, kind of on the hook at this point.  I mean, there's a thousand clips here. What do we do? That needs to be a tool that's either offered or they have to have a better solution. Well, and it's something I think Twitch just didn't realize would be exploited, right? Twitch has gone through lots of rule changes, allowing you to stream background music, providing licenses to stream background music, and, and, and making it easy and legal for people to do this. But they didn't think about the fact that those licenses don't cover on demand because, hey, they don't have on demand. They don't keep archives forever. And they forgot about clips. And so there's, there's no bot out there looking at the clips going, hey, you've got music in this. Are you sure you've got the license to allow this, which has led to this current situation? Well, the US Air Force Research Laboratory or AFRL launched a project to create an unmanned AI driven fighter jet back in 2018, hoping to show progress on the project within 18 months. Now the head of the Pentagon's Joint Artificial Intelligence Center, Lieutenant Jack, Lieutenant Jack Shanahan says its researchers are working on an autonomous drone that can take down a fighter jet in air to air combat with hopes to begin trials in July of 2021. If the trial is successful, if our AFRL team leader Steve Rogers said that the system could be integrated into human operated planes to help humans to make tactical decisions in combat situations. Lieutenant General Shanahan said that the military should head the lessons, should he the lessons rather of the self driving car industry, and that these technical advances are not always immediately successful, saying that despite billions in investment, these aren't yet any level for autonomous vehicles that we can use. Yeah, this came out last Wednesday, but it's just too interesting to pass up, especially because the captain's name is Steve Rogers. And we're sure that he won't end up frozen under the ice for decades like Captain America, but he has named Steve Rogers. This is a demonstration, right? I talked about Tom Thumb the steam engine versus the horse drawn cart last week. This is the modern version of that, right? They're going to try to see if the AI flying the plane can outperform the human flown plane. They're going to do a quote unquote dogfight, but that is sort of a laser tag kind of approach. They're not actually going to have the AI shooting at anyone, but it will try to show like, can AI manipulating a plane fly it good enough to compete with a human flown plane? That's going to be a very interesting result, no matter how it turns out. Hey, folks, if you want to get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes, be sure to subscribe to DailyTechHeadlines.com. Bloomberg reports that Airbnb saw more nights booked for U.S. listings from May 17th to June 3rd than it did for the same period in 2019. This despite the lockdown, this isn't just people flouting the lockdown, no. There has been a similar boost in domestic travel in other markets with more listings available now than prior to March. Expedia, VRBO, and booking holdings are seeing similar rises in searches for vacation home rentals, and that's important. Searches at VRBO are up year over year. Airbnb searches are down 10%, but that's not bad. Hotel searches, on the other hand, are down 60%. That's probably what you would have guessed. Nobody's traveling. Nobody wants to go anywhere. People don't want to be in a hotel around a bunch of other people, but they do want to get away locally. Vacation rental searches on Google are equal to last year, while hotel searches on Google are also down. The searches seem to be happening within days of travel. These aren't long-planed trips like when you're going overseas or going on a long trip. And the bookings are for more than a week at a time. This isn't, oh, we're going to go to Paris for a week. We're going to go somewhere within striking distance of where we live for maybe up to a month. Airbnb said more than 50% of May bookings were within 200 miles of a user's home compared to less than a third back in February before the virus hit. Booking Holdings says it's seen domestic destinations shift from being about 45% of its rentals to about 70% of its business, and the top destinations in the U.S. are local tourist areas, Big Bear Lake in California, the Smoky Mountains on the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, Port Aransas right there on the Gulf of Mexico in Texas. I've rented a condo in each one of these places. Like these are places where it is built on vacation rentals. And Sarah, you actually live on a vacation rental in a touristy area of California. You've been experiencing this firsthand. Yeah, I do. Studio Redwood is actually also a property management firm of sorts. And there is a rental where I live that I manage, and we go through Airbnb. We originally thought to go through some other portals as well, but that seems to be working for us. But when things got weird at the end of February, it sort of became a, okay, well, as a property manager, I had to go through a certification process. It wasn't hard to do. I did it online. But I mean, I said, yes, I'm going to follow the rules. And if not, I could be liable to criminal charges if I did not follow the health code for the county that I live in. That health code, as of the end of February, was you cannot have people in your Airbnb that are here for less than 30 days. If it's more than 30 days, they're considered long-term rentals. Otherwise, it's short-term, not allowed. The owners can come and stay here, but you cannot have people paying to be kind of having this revolving door. It's endangering the safety of everyone who lives in the neighborhood and yourself. And it's just a bad idea. And there's a lot of, again, health codes involved. That was actually kind of fine and good because we had a lot of folks who, San Francisco, that's our nearest metropolitan area, a lot of folks who, again, you say within 200 miles, we're within 100 miles of San Francisco. People just wanted to get out of the city. They were scared. They were like, your place looks cool. Looks like there's a lot of land. We just want to hunker down at this nice private property in the middle of nowhere and just ride it out. And I was like, you can do it for 30 days plus. And I won't share my laundry with you kind of thing. But when you have the same kind of very cool, high-end demand place in a city, for example, I mean, I can't tell you how many Airbnbs I've rented in Barcelona or Paris or London. All of a sudden, that stuff is not in demand anymore because it looks crowded and scary and people don't want to do it. And a lot of people lost a lot of money. Yeah, I think this is an interesting case of how an industry has unanticipated consequences. You may have been, and I may have been probably willing to say back in March, oh, I bet Airbnb is in trouble, right? They're going to be like AMC theaters, not going to have a lot of business. But while people weren't traveling and they don't want to be in hotels, they do want to get away. Even if people don't want to get away for 30 days, there are Airbnbs in certain areas where you can get them for less amount of time. And people want that. They're like, you know what? I just want to get out. I'll stay in lockdown. I want to cook for myself. I don't want to eat out in restaurants, so I want a vacation rental. And if I can get that in a low-density area, it's a break for me. It's kind of a vacation, but it's a lower-risk one. And I have a feeling that this will, you know, we'll start to see hotel bookings come back. But this will be the trend for a while. Well, and especially because restrictions are easing for a lot of folks, depending on where you live, but certainly in the U.S., people who have been very stringent, like, I'm not going anywhere. I'm going to follow the rules. The slightest inkling that now you could maybe just get out of town for a week or two starts to become really attractive to people.  And so you get that cabin fever, and it makes sense to me that we're seeing such a surge at this point. Maybe I don't want to get on a plane, but I can drive somewhere and just change my scenery. Exactly. Well, a change of scenery, if you're not hanging out in our discord, would be a very good one, because you can join by linking to a Patreon account at patreon.com. And join the community. Let's check out the mailbag. Let's do it. So Gain wrote in last week and said, I wanted to give you a possible use case for the Samsung Zero. That was the one that's, you know, landscape and, and, The TV, the TV that rotates. Yes, that's exactly the landscape and portrait mode. Gain says, Samsung makes a commercial version similar to this called the Flip and also the Flip 2. My job is to design audio and video systems for corporate and government clients. And we've been specifying these in collaboration spaces for years now. The Flip has touch and annotation capabilities, which make it useful in huddle and collab situations. The ability to rotate the orientation and display video from sources like your laptop or your phone or your tablet and to annotate on all of those make it an invaluable tool without touch capabilities or the ability to annotate. I'm not sure if the consumer version would work as an at home version of these use cases. Ah, but, but that's interesting, Gain, because even if it's not exactly the same product, that rotating part may have been the best way to make the zero. And then we also got Chris's email who heard me mention using Twitter to kind of keep an eye on any possible civil unrest near my neighborhood. He said someone showed me snap map at maps dot snapchat.com. I watched things happening near me and other places. It isn't intuitive, but if you click on the map, you will see snap stories near where you clicked. It helped me see the protest near me where civil and didn't have anything to worry about. Nicely done. Chris, you can go check that out of map dot snapchat.com. I will. I had kind of forgotten about that. Hey, shout out to master's patrons at our master and grand master levels, including Fridja Kuebner, James P. Kallison and Degrescia A. Daniels. And you can become one of them, right? You could have your name right there next to them if you supported at that master or grand master level or any level, frankly, at dailytechnewshow.com slash patreon. Hey, if you've got feedback for us, I've got good news for you. Our email address is feedback at dailytechnewshow.com, and we love to get your feedback. We're also live Monday through Friday, 4 30 p.m. Eastern 2030 UTC. You can find out more at dailytechnewshow.com slash live. Back tomorrow with Patrick Beja. Talk to you then. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at frogpants.com. I hope you have enjoyed this program.


All right, awesome. Hi everyone. Nice to meet you all. I hope you all had a good lunch So today I'm going to be telling you guys about ML x-ray And so ML x-ray is essentially an end-to-end debugging platform for your models that are deployed on the edge So just a little bit about myself. I'm Michelle and I said before I'm a principal engineer at New Relic Working on the pixie open source project So that project is essentially a CNCF sandbox project, which is an observability tool for Kubernetes and Before my time at New Relic I was a pixie lapses first engineer and pixie lapses where the pixie project was born out of So why should we even talk about debugging deployments of machine learning on the edge? So we see today that a lot of deployments or products and software are moving their machine learning models to the edge So for example, we have cruise which is self-driving. That's a very popular hot topic these days So essentially your car is going around it is picking up a bunch of sensor information So for example, it's using a camera to figure out, you know, am I driving correctly in the lane? It's using LiDAR to find object detection and see if there's an obstacle in the way So you don't go and accidentally hit somebody or we've had you know The Amazon echo around for a while and that listens to you You know you're going out your day just talking normally and it listens and picks up on cues whenever you say Alexa And so all that is done on the edge It's picking up sensor information and then it is basically running a model and figuring out You know some inference and what action to take based on the information it's gathered and then another example is just you know You want to deploy your applications on two different phones, right? So essentially on these phones you're running machine learning models to do different things such as image classification, for example Or for the case of like a pixel six one of the recent things they came out with is You can do like a magic eraser all these models are running inside your phone itself And to kind of expand on that we have this idea of the traditional model, which is on your left And so here in this case The the sensor is on a separate device. It is picking up a ton of input data So let's say for a nest thermostat, right? It's going it's figuring out You know, what is the temperature at this time in this house? And it might want to do something with that data and figure out Okay, what should I do with this and run some inferences on it and it will send it to the cloud where the model is running The model will basically go do some inference and then return a result And so then when you move your computation to the edge Which what actually happens is you now have these models running directly on the devices so for the example of the Amazon echo from before you're having the model run directly on the Echo itself rather than going and running the model on the cloud And so here what actually happens is that now you have a bunch of different environments, right? You can deploy to many different edge devices that are built on different hardware They have different memory compute resource requirements and whatnot And so what are the benefits of doing this actually so you can see here from this picture You are no longer egressing any data out to the cloud So before you know you have a constant stream of data coming in and then you're sending out to be like, okay What should I do with this information? What is the inference that I want to make but when you move it to edge compute all the information stays within the device itself And a lot of the times this is just stored in memory And so that helps a lot because now you know you're not sending something out You're not waiting for the latency of that network requests coming out to come back and tell you okay This is what I should do and that helps a lot with latency and overall just egress And then you also have security and privacy benefits So now it's like you're not sending your data out to somewhere else right going back to the Amazon echo case it's like you're talking constantly in your house and You don't really want all that information like whatever you're saying is to be sent to some remote cloud That was managed by someone else rather you feel more comfortable where it's you know This device is in your home and it's kind of all stored in memory And then probably at some point eventually expired out because it no no longer needs that information to make an inference And so there's a lot of security and privacy benefits for moving to the edge and then lastly you have scalability, right? So let's say you have millions of connected devices in the traditional model You send all those all that data to your cloud and here in this case you're actually handling it per device So even if you have million of devices, whatever you're doing in your cloud It's not impacted by you know all these inferences that need to be made on these individual devices And so how how do you actually go and start deploying these models to your edge devices? So how it usually happens is you're going to train it on your cloud as you normally would with just you know The traditional model you go and you tune all those parameters You run your training data sets and then you know your models looks great You're you know able to accurately detect dogs from the example earlier today And then you go and deploy these models to your edge devices And so in this image here I kind of label these boxes at different colors because I want to make it very clear that these may not be the same Architecture they may not have the same environment. They may have completely different hardware and so you're just deploying these models to these heterogeneous environments and What could go wrong, right? So here's an example of what could go wrong on the top you have this case where it's like okay well one second is kind of slow, but you're running your model on your edge device and Accuracy is just not right. So before when you're training this thing on The cloud and running inferences was like able to classify this dog correctly But then now you've deployed it to your iPhone for example, and now it's starting to have some problems Or in the other case, which is the bottom one you go and you deploy you deploy to your Android and oh man This model that ran really quickly when you're training it in the cloud It takes 10 seconds and you have no idea what's going on So you're running into all these issues and it wasn't the case when you're running on your like, you know Your single cloud environment, so how do you actually go and debug these things, right? You have a bunch of different environments, right? You have an Android you have an iPhone or in some cases you have like a sensor running on this and the sensor running on some Other device, how do you even go and figure this out? And that is where ML x-ray comes in so ML x-ray is this project that came out of a Stanford research group So tons of credit go to all those wonderful people on the bottom for just kind of going and figuring out all this information but essentially they've built out this framework for Providing visibility into what is happening on your edge deployments and you can use those to figure out You know what exactly is going wrong with my model that you know usually works well in the other cases that I've deployed it and ML x-ray Essentially what they do is they give you an API that you can use to instrument your models so at the top you see an example of the Python API and All you really need to do is say my ML x-ray library Let's start on inference start you run your interpreter and then on inference stop you stop And so this API once you invoke that it starts collecting per each layer in your model a bunch of interesting Information that is going to be used to help you debug what is going wrong in your system And so some of the information that it collects is you know the original input of the model the output of the model You know is the result correct and also per layer the input output the end-to-end latency So you actually know how long did this whole inference take and also within the layers themselves How long did those individual layers take things like memory? I think especially as you're moving to an edge device and these have lower like memory and Compute resources that is something you might want to hone on to and then for in the case of the Android example They have in their Android API It also collects other information such as peripheral sensor information just like the orientation of the phone The lighting that it's detected in the room and that just helps you provide more context to the model that is being run You can also go ahead and add your own just like whatever you want to log in the ML x-ray logs You can there's the API allows you to go ahead and do that if they're custom fields that you might want to go and pick up And it also allows you to write custom assertions, which I'll talk about in a little bit So now you have all this data coming in right you've instrumented your your model all this data is coming out as you're running it But don't really know what to do if this information is like okay cool This layer takes you know this many milliseconds and this one takes this many milliseconds How do I actually use this information to figure out what is going on with the model that I've deployed on this edge device? And so the idea behind ML x-ray is that there's a set of reference pipelines And these are usually you know the model that you've deployed on the cloud You know that this is accurate You know that this is kind of like the baseline for just how you want your model to perform And what you do there is you run ML x-ray on that reference pipeline. It gives you the logs You know it gives you this is how long each layer took This is the approximate output and input of each layer and then you run this on your development pipeline And that gives you the same information and then you basically do a diff between those to create a debug report to help you figure out Okay, this is what's going on with my system This is what's different when I've deployed to this environment versus the other one and the basic flow of this debug report Is this so first you do an accuracy validation you look at your Accuracy for your reference pipeline you look at it for your development pipeline Are they matching up and if they match up then that's that's pretty great, right? Because now you're basically performing about how you might think when you've like I've Train this model on my cloud. It looks like my device is accurately doing what I want it to do But in a lot of cases like I mentioned before you're going to realize that is not the case and the accuracy goes down And so then the next step of that is then you want to look into each layer specifically So you're looking at the output and you're saying is there a layer where this output accuracy? Just or the output is very very different from the output that's received from my reference pipeline And you in the case where things are slow then you want to compare latency It's like well this layer took a lot longer than the other layer In my development pipeline So you run through that and that helps you hone about in on which layer is having problems And then finally like I mentioned before there are some assertion checks So you can specify these are custom assertions in your code that check inputs and outputs are what you expect So let's say you have this self-driving case that I mentioned before and you know that when you're running your camera whenever you make an inference all the The width of the street should always be the same And so then this assertion check would be like check that you know the width of the input of the model Is always five feet or something or a check that you know whatever is detected at the end the width is five feet And so what kind of issues can this pipeline actually help you debug? So there are three that I'm going to step into a little bit more detail for but the first one is pre-processing errors The next one is quantization inaccuracies and then kernel Optimization differences amongst heterogeneous environments so that's kind of the case I mentioned before where you have a bunch of different hardware and Just completely different environments that your models are running on So the first is pre-processing errors and I think even in a case where you're not deploying to an edge device You're going to run into this right you have something collecting informations That's you're using to structure for your input to your model And that's going to be different from whatever that model is expecting and this happens even more in the edge device Case because since these are all running on different environments in different hardware your sensor might be picking up information in different ways or You know in the case where you have you know You're taking pictures using a camera that that could lead to the case where it's like you might need to Shrink your information or shrink the picture so that it runs well on your edge device because it has lower memory requirements And so there's cases like resizing that I just mentioned where you might need to be downscaling the image or in some cases upscaling the image if the camera is not picking up the right resolution or There's something wrong with the sensor or just the information is coming in differently and the it the information might be Rotated whenever you're feeding into the model which can lead to very low accuracy or in some cases There's a lot of models that might pick up your images and expect it in RGB format or BGR format And you don't really know which it is And so how does ML x-ray help in this case so this goes back to the assertions that I mentioned before But essentially whenever ML x-ray is running on your pipeline It's going to go and run these assertions to make sure that it checks and passes so here in this example, this is using the Python API and this is checking that It expects your input to be in RGB format So it's checking if this this thing is accidentally coming in as BGR format It's gonna let you know so it's like hey your deployment pipeline It's broken you're gonna need to go and add this preprocessing step to convert to the RGB format It's just kind of stepping through exactly what this code is doing It's taking in the input from your development That's called edge out and then the input from your reference pipeline and saying do these look the same and If they do and okay, that's that's great if not then let's try to convert your Input from your development pipeline to RGB format and then now if it matches then it's like Oh, yeah, you had a channel mismatch And so then it will raise the assertion and let you know that there's an issue with your model Another issue you might run into is through quantization So in quantization this especially becomes important when you're deploying to edge devices Because you just like I said before have lower resource requirements and so therefore you might want to go and quantize this information so that it uses less memory or less CPU and Essentially what this means is that you're converting the weights and biases of your model to a lower precision So in this example picture, you know, you start with the floating point 32 bit number and then you do quantization to convert that to a int 8 and Some of the issues that can happen here is that your quantization process could just be wrong So one of the methods of quantizing your data it needs to know the min and max of your input and what can happen in that case is let's say you have your training data and There's an outlier in that training data that will heavily scale or That's going to scale your min and max to some extreme end Whereas most of stuff should like follow somewhere in the middle and you know Don't follow what that outlier is and so in that case when you quantize you actually get the wrong values for your weights And biases and that's going to lower your accuracy and How MLX ray helps in this case is that it looks at that per layer output and it compares it to the reference pipelines So you can see how is your? Development pipeline doing in regards to the reference one. So here we have two examples. So the orange line is this Model that we know all the weights all the biases have been quantized They work and we compare that to the baseline which is you know that perfect baseline image that has been perfect baseline model that has been trained in the cloud and we can see that the The mean square error is right there in the bottom It's pretty low and that's doing great And then you have this other model that you've trained and you've quantized it and you see that okay comparing that to my Baseline the error is much higher and so therefore I should go in and try to figure out just what I need to do Do I need better training data to fix this or what what other processes? Can I do to quantize my weights and Then last this one is very unique to edge compute because now you're deploying to a bunch of different and devices These have different hardware requirements these just at the core of it in the kernel Optimized different operations in different ways And so this can lead to a huge latency difference or performance between Devices so you know in one case you have something running It's very fast and then in some other case You don't know why it's the same model and it's really slow And so we used ML x ray to help us create this graph here And you can see that we've compared against different models How long it takes to run each layer and some of the results are pretty surprising right so you have this the exact the quantile or not the quantile the quantized version Pipeline that we used before is actually pretty slow in that second convolution step and ML x-ray helps you figure out. It's like okay this layer. There's something wrong And that's why it's slow and maybe I need to deploy like a special model to this particular hardware So I'm gonna walk through a little bit about what Using ML x-ray actually looks like so First this is a nifty colab that we have that just shows like an example model That uses ML x-ray. So the first thing you need to do is install the ML x-ray library and Then you want to go and just create your model runner class So this is just using tensorflow light and the important things to kind of pick up on here are essentially this M monitor so you're Initializing ML x-ray to go ahead and start logging information from each output layer And you know the inputs and outputs and then finally you go you invoke the model This is not specific to ML x-ray at all. So this is all just code for How to run the model itself and then you're gonna want to run the model on an image So this is an image classification example You can see here that we ask For the log path to go to these specific files and then you run the model. So here you scroll down a little bit more The models essentially run and in the background ML x-ray has picked up just like a bunch of logs about how each layer is running about the latency of each layer All that information. So what does that actually look like? Here's an example of in ML x-ray log and there's a ton of information in here, right? You have the start time you have the overall latency of how long your inference took you have the memory usage and you have For each layer all the outputs and this is I'm not going to keep scrolling. It's just a ton of information You also get your summary information. So this tells you for each layer How long did it take how much memory did it take the names of it? So it just collects a bunch of interesting information. So now you have all this information What exactly do you do of it? ML x-ray has an API that you can use to go and start parsing this data and making sense out of it So here's just an example script. It loads in a bunch of things from the ML x-ray library This first function here it goes reads the logs in it parses it so you see here. It's reading the logs It's getting the keys and the values and Then essentially in the end it can plot the results and we use this code to plot those results earlier that I showed Back on that slide where it was comparing the The accuracy between the different or the differences between the output layers So you can essentially very quickly get started with ML x-ray Okay, and then jumping back To my slides. Oops you can see that ML x-ray has some limitations and the first one is that you need code changes to go and enable instrumentation on your Debug pipeline and that can be annoying right because you might go deploy it and then you're like, oh, I forgot to add this I forgot to add this line in to go and invoke ML x-ray and you have to go back in and do that and Generally when we're whenever we're doing observability, we like, you know low-touch Instrumentation there's also a slight Performance impact when you're using ML x-ray. So obviously it's more noticeable on GPU You're writing tons of things to logs So that also has a memory impact because you're just storing all this data somewhere And then I think we could kind of see towards the end It was like, okay I have all this data now I need to use this Python API to go ahead and parse it and I can use that API to create a graph But it kind of limits you and how you can actually go and visualize this information What if you want to do more interesting things with it because it's not in some standard output format that you can like Stick into any tool that you want. It's kind of hard to go and just build more interesting visualizations with it So kind of here how I got Involved in ML x-ray is I worked on pixie. I mentioned that before and There were a lot of correlations between how we do things in pixie that I thought could help the ML x-ray project And so just like a brief summary again pixie is an open-source CNCF sandbox project for observability on Kubernetes and there are three pillars that I think kind of help in the ML x-ray case So the first is auto telemetry So pixie picks up information using tools like ebpf without you having to go and instrument things in your application so just automatically starts collecting information as soon as it's deployed and That really helps in the ML x-ray case where you have to go right now You have to add that line to be like I want to invoke ML x-ray and start seeing information This also helps in the case where it's like you don't want this thing running on your pipeline all the time, right? You maybe want it when you're debugging but in the future it's like when you know it's running Well, you don't want it anymore So you're gonna have to go and take that line out of your code that invokes ML x-ray The second thing is that pixie really does wealth edge compute So that fits very well in this case where we're deploying across edge devices It makes sure you kind of follow all those standards where it's like you're keeping all that data on the edge In memory and then finally I think the biggest thing that ML x-ray would Benefit from is pixie scriptable interfaces. So here there's essentially a data format for pixie Everything is inside a table and you can go and do whatever you want with that information to build visualizations very easily And so this is kind of just a preview about just like how we wanted to apply pixie's use case to ML x-ray So we're actually gonna go into this in more detail tomorrow on Kubernetes on edge day So if you'd like to come by and learn some more that would be great to see you guys all again But here are some resources for ML x-ray So the first one of course all this is open source ML x-ray is open source Pixie is open source check out the repo check out the code try running stuff yourself I also included the ML x-ray paper for those who are like more interested in picking up on some of like the very technical Information I think we have time for one or two questions. If there's anyone that has a question. Yes, we have a question Hi, thank you for the presentation really great work I have a question. So why was the decision made to use logs to diff the layer outputs between The cloud and the edge model for example Why not probe the actual layers because I'm assuming you own both the edge model and the cloud model, right? Logs can run into issues for example of formatting and also being really like large, you know Your model is large. You're gonna be storing large text files And also the parsing is pretty expensive and can be error-prone. So why not probe the actual layers? You know in the cloud and the edge models Yeah, so I think that's a very good point So the initial version of this does use logs And I think that's because it is hard to get this information on some edge device that you've deployed to that You don't have access to as easily and so then when I mentioned pixie later We essentially do use probes to go pick up that information rather than going and recording it and writing it Storing in memory where you have to go and just you know grab that file and then parse it later So luckily the parsing itself that's when you actually want to go and debug your pipeline And so that's like done a sink and not actually in the model when you're running it Great. So how did you end up solving the issue? You said it was difficult to parse the edge model How did you end up solving this issue? Difficult to parse you said it was difficult to probe the edge model because it's like on the edge So you don't have direct access to it Okay, yeah, I will talk more about that if you're going to go to edge day Essentially pixie uses this thing called ebpf and that runs at the kernel level and so then that can pick up a ton of interesting information Okay last question so I understand that pixie Telemetry model in general for like service monitoring. I was curious about ML model performance and Perhaps those data also being interesting to be Aggregated and looked at it in a place where people are usually looking at ML performance Comparisons like in weights and biases. Do you guys have like a like a picture of like where those data could somehow intersect or how you could bring them together Like that. Yeah, so I guess in relating to pixie we use ebpf like I said and that kind of picks up You can use ebpf to hook on to certain new probes so that are like certain user defined functions And then that can collect a bunch of information You can get like the arguments of that function you can get the outputs of that function and you can Send all that a data to pixie to visualize it. I hope does that answer your question. I'm not sure I got it, correct But we'll be talking more about tomorrow, so Hopefully you can come by and see our demo about how we just like use pixie to go and like probe all this information And what information we can get Okay, we have another question from the slack channel so the question is is ML X ray mainly for deep learning all the examples shown Who seems to assume layers? Yes. Yes, so it is primarily for deep learning that is correct. Okay, cool. Thank you


An end defector is the device at the end of a robotic arm, like one of these that you see here. Oftentimes, end defectors consist of some kind of tool. For example, these robots have welding end defectors that allow them to join metal components in the manufacturing process. End defectors can also be used to grab objects and move them from place to place. Collectively, these end defectors are called grippers and come in many different forms. They include two-finger gripper. A two-finger gripper is a passive end defector. This means that it can hold parts but cannot manipulate or actively use them. The two-finger gripper applies a pinching pressure to an object in order to move it. Suction A suction gripper is another type of passive end defector. It uses a vacuum to add here to and move objects from place to place. Three-finger gripper A three-finger gripper is an active end defector. The parts in its grasp can be manipulated or actively used. They are more dexterous than passive end defectors, giving them more precision and the ability to complete fine motor tasks. There are many other types of grippers and end defectors. The type of gripper that is used varies based on the application. One of the most important areas in the design of robotic systems is the design of the end defector. As technology advances and automation becomes even more prevalent in manufacturing, becoming familiar with end defectors and how they are used becomes increasingly important.


So he was able to keep us in the game enough without necessarily his best stuff. And we just, you know, had a hard time, obviously mountain anything offensively tonight against Bailey. He did really seem to settle in after that lead off shot in the fourth retiring nine of the next 10 that he faced. He was at 88 pitches. Would you have considered putting him back out there? Or is it a matter of him only throwing in relief the time before not? No, I was weird. That was it after that six. Not, not that he couldn't have thrown a few more pitches, but I felt like, you know, just being in and out and working pretty hard there. I felt like it was, it was, it was the time holder and in relief in the seventh, give it back to back singles to the bottom of the order there. You had Britain warming. What did you like about holder facing the top of the order as opposed to Britain? Well, just trying to hold off on Britain for, for Montesey and then Gordon, you know, in a situation where you're down runs, going to a significant reliever in that spot where you're potentially having to go one plus with those lefties coming just felt like holder was the matchup to get us through the Whitmary field and then and then would have turned it over to Brit for a handful of hitters, depending on on score in that inning and then going forward. Yeah, to the right. What was barely doing to shut down your offense, especially after the first inning when you got a couple of hits? Yeah, it seemed like it split was a problem for us.  You know, when he's been good, that's a pitch that's really effective for him. And you know, he mixed in. He was keeping us honest with his fastball and able to throw strikes with his fastball. But but the splitfinger was a really good pitch for him. And we just had a hard time really mountain.  DJ hit a couple balls on the screws, Luke and Aaron. But for the most part, he kept us pretty silent. And our understanding where we are in the schedule. Is there any frustration that tonight was your chance to get back to 500 and just to build on the last couple nights just to to to really get rolling here?  It's always frustrating. So I don't necessarily look at it as, you know, where we are as as much as we're trying to get this thing rolling as best we can. And and, you know, a lot of guys right now, I feel like are contributing to the cause. But tonight we just got shut down. So it's frustrating anytime that happens.


We're glad to know you're still there and this is the run-up. Lagos is the economic and social nucleus of Nigeria and the West African sub-region. It accounts for 32 percent of national GDP. It is also one of the fastest growing cities in the world. By 2015, it is expected to be global states, okay, well, that was that, but it is expected to be the third largest city, according to UN estimates. Over the past decades, the city has had to contend with the challenges that accompany staggering population growth rates. It is said that it's more than, there are more than 20 million people in Lagos state. That means like 10 percent of the entire population of Nigeria resides in a small state surrounded by water like Lagos state. Now we'll be looking at if there's a possibility of transforming Lagos state or whether Lagos state has actually reached its peak already and nothing else can be added, like an egg that has been laid and nothing is added and it becomes a chicken. And discussing this with us this morning, we have Mr. Kunle Udman, Lagos governorship candidate of the Social Democratic Party. Welcome to the program, sir. Good morning.  All we have right now is hope. Okay, so, but what else, what kind of hope do you intend to bring to Nigeria and especially Lagos state? Well, good morning. The word Hope is an ADP word right from the time of Moshid Kashima Wabiola, MKO, Almighty God grant him eternal rest which Baba Ghanai can give when they came out and successfully contested the election. So the word Hope is a slogan of the Social Democratic Party. Now, what is hope? Where there is life, there is hope. This is the motto of my own primary school, I attended Riti Primary School in Ikoi and the slogan of this school till yesterday is Hope, where there is life, there is hope. So for me, I was brought up with Hope as a slogan that governs me.  First and foremost, I'm aware. Just one of the rival parties, their presidential candidate, had now adopted Hope as his own word. For me, it's a plagiarism. We can forgive him because if there's a government in power and a candidate of the government is in power, he's talking about Hope. Technically speaking, for all intents and purposes, what he means is that there's no Hope. So he's looking forward to Hope. What's my motivation? I'm first and foremost, the Lagosian, right? My father is from here, he's from the Unigunu family of Lagos Island. My mother is also from Lagos State. I was brought up all my life in Lagos, primary school, secondary school, A-Levels, all in Lagos until I went to the University of Benin to read law in the Polynesian class of 1981. So I must take hold of all intents and purposes. And I tell you for free, everything that you have said, you are right to the point whereby the population is not a disadvantage anywhere in the world. And you see this mantra that they are putting everywhere, mega-city, mega-city. The first indices of a mega-city, the first one, is population. So if you don't attain a certain population threshold, you don't talk about mega-city. So if we don't have people coming into the city and you have the figure that you have so copy us, they quoted, there will be no mega-city. First and foremost, population is not a disadvantage. What does population got to do with growth? It has to do with management of population. Lagos is a fast-growing city. We know that as a fact. Prior to this administration, it was fast-growing. But it's not growing anywhere. So it's Baba Jidhi San Walu became the governor of Lagos State because he's a government that, for me, has disappointed the people of Lagos. And I say that for good reasons. Okay, we'll come to those things that you intend to do better than Son Walu or any other administration that has come. But let me just take you up on the hope mantra that you talked about, even though it may not be related with what you are doing. But the person, if I guess correctly, who is using the hope mantra as well, has never hidden the fact that he is fashioning his style of politics and policies after the MKO Abula that you talked about in SDP that contested and won. So is it possible that the idea can be shared, not only used by SDP, but by other people? For me, you are just going in the wrong direction. Really? I have given you a good explanation, which is a reasonable explanation that the Social Democratic Party hope 1992 to remember. Yeah, but SDP never manufactured the word. Now you are not allowing me to speak. No, I am not allowing me to finish. Because for you, you see somebody, there's no somebody there. It's Ashwajjubola Mehtimumbu in his APC campaign that is now using hope. And I'm saying to you that he's representing the government that is in power. The government is in power. He's aspiring to take over from Mohamed Ubarri, the president of Nigeria. So if he says hope, the statement simply implies that he knows that the government that is there has failed. So for him, it is now hope for a better Nigeria. I shut it down there. He cannot plagiarize hope as his word for his campaign. I'm telling you, since we started this campaign, the presidential candidate of SDP, Prince Aday Wally, he has been using hope since he started this campaign. We have been using hope. All the candidates of the SDP have adopted the word hope. Where is he getting his own hope from? We are saying that the country is not doing well. It's being misgoverned. We have people here who have rendered us imperconious when the situation whereby we can't feed no more. When the situation whereby the filling stations are to spend six hours to buy food in a country that has fuel. All the refines are shut down. Nothing is happening. Dollar to Naira is seven or something. So they are failed. This government has failed. It has failed as a further government. It has failed more as a legal state government. Because what they are now saying, the government of legal state says, I'm going to start the Monorail before December. I don't know what is celebrating. It's starting the Monorail. The Monorail started with Babatunde Fashella, eight years. Right? After Babatunde Fashella, the same APC government, four years at Clean Air Body. How many is that? Twelve has been there for three years plus. Fifteen years to build a one line from CMS to Okokomayako is taking a government for 15 years and they are celebrating. There must be something wrong with this caliber of people. First and foremost, there is no way in any part of the developing world where you talk about a Monorail. Monorail means one rail line. For one place today, you have a more tire system. 25 years ago, you go to London. In Paddington Station, there are 20 trains going for, moving all over the place. They are bosses. They say, hop! But it's now celebrating Wai Re. Fifteen years going there by government have failed simply because he wants to contest election. And his things, for him to defeat Mr. Kulakman and so many of us, we have to be clapping for him for taking 15 years to build a real station. Absolute nonsense. Okay, let me allow my colleague Bayo Oluwaki. Oh, it's my friend. It's my brother. We're going to the same cell. Not university. It's a good man. I did tell you that I have a surprise for you. No, it's not a surprise. Okay, Bayo, we have Mr. Oluwaki here. Hey, Bayo, how you doing? He's a good man. Good morning. Good morning, Mr. Kulakman. And it's a pleasure to be interacting with you this morning. Thank you, Bayo. I'm not surprised at the vibrancy that you have brought into the studio. I would like you to tell our viewers that quality that you have, the special quality or several qualities, which makes you the best person for the position of governor of Lagos from May, 2023. First and foremost, I am coherent. I articulate and I have dreams. And anybody who is going to govern even a family, must have a dream. Me, I'm experienced. I have been in government. I was in government in 1995, in ING under interim government of Anishinae Ko. I also proceeded to government. Then I was personal assistant to the minister of transport and aviation and then to power and steel. For me, transportation, I understand it. Transportation, for me, is not road because when we talk of transportation, we keep talking about road. The early phase of transportation is road. It is water and it is air. So we don't have to be talking about road.  And I also understand that. I understand NEPA. Me, I understand why NEPA doesn't work. Because I remember during the time of the same fashion line in this Lagos State, there was an IPP program, whereby the central business district in Lagos, the hospitals, the police, collect the icots, were supplied with regular power. You dare not put in a drink in the freezer for two days. It will break because there was constant power. It made that possible. And what the government after him ought to do was nothing but to develop what he has started. They stifled the dream. We are not living in a city, whereby we are classified. In my house, I pay like 100,000 Naira per month. They say it is lucky. So we pay special tariff. And there's rarely like. So for me, I also lived in a Lagos. We are going to school. I could go to a public town. Wash my hands and then drink water. It was clean. There wasn't anything like sachet water. There wasn't anything like bottled water. And if you could remember, when we were the Federal School of Art and Science in Victoria and BIO, we had there was a scholar's bus. There was a bus specifically dedicated for students. And when you are dressed in a certain way, you enter the bus and pay a cost of free. Now we are in a situation whereby we are completely convoluted in the Liberation March of Misgovernance. Now, me, I also experience as a parent parent of about 1,000, 1.2 million Naira for my child to go to school per town. So the cost of his school was unbelievable. Now, how did we get into that place? We went to public schools. I remember I went to the department school, met all these boys at school, missionary public school, right? I went to Federal School of Art and Science. We pay close to nothing. At the University of Beninwai School, we pay close to nothing.  And what cost it? Actually, you know what I'm saying? University. What is his business in only in the university? As by-product of his deputy governor, vice-presidency, he's only in the university. You see, we have people who are geriatric. They have just passed their time. We need a level of vibrancy to move this country forward. It's not about party. For me, I have a dream. I moved from Lagos, my house in Leicke, I went to Equa. It took me six hours because there is this gridlock. Everywhere the roads are damaged. On my way back, it took me seven hours. For one local government to the other, my brother, 13 hours. How do you live in a nation like that? And we have them say we'll- So you have the quality, is that what you're saying? Of course. That stands you out. That stands you out. But I have contacts with, I have contacts with the Netherlands. I'm a businessman. I'm a lawyer. I'm well-traveled. I'm going to bring ferries. You know Baba Kekere? You know it's a fadji. The one that Jack only had on the watch, I'm going to bring more some skated ferries from the Netherlands to Lagos. We're going to ensure that we have the water transportation as a transport app. One ferry will leave there on CMS and go to Egede. Another one should be going to Equa. Another one should be going to- And they are not these 20-man ferries that they are celebrating. We're talking about ferries. When I traveled from Dublin to London, I was on dual-license. This was more than 20 years ago. Dual-license is a five-decker ferry.  We need to think outside the box. For me, I'm the best person in the circumstances to work this day. And I was also a commission on this day, sometime. Yes, Bio, please. Yes, Bio, sorry. Yeah. Will this, thank you, thank you for that, I'm sorry, but will this be purely Lagos state government funded? Because you alluded to the length of time it has taken to develop the train from Badagri Road to CMS. We've seen this length of time. And some people have said that it is because the government decided to do it, that if they had given this to the private sector, it might not have taken that long. So all these things you're mentioning, is it Lagos state government under you that will do that? Or is there a way that the private sector is going to be allowed to invest in these areas? There are two things we need to... How do you want to go about this? Yeah, there are two things we need to clarify. You see, we're a capitalist economy, first and foremost. So you cannot devoid the private sector for any developments that is meaningful because it will be a private sector driven. But first and foremost, you don't even go to the banks to go and ask for money if you cannot show that you can have an equity contribution. Lagos state, by the debt management office figures, as an IGR that equals that of 30 states of Nigeria. IGR, Lagos state, it's been like that. They generate a lot of money. Now, the oxymoron of this is this. Lagos state that has the highest IGR, they're also the most indebted state in Nigeria. Now, so you see the man is the richest and he's also the poorest in terms of his borrowing profile. That gives you an insight into how the... That was also going to be a nice thing. How do you intend to correct that one? Because it being indebted... I'll tell you, me, first of all, I have a 15% of IGR in this state that is going to a private company in Lagos. This company is called Alphabeta.  The circumstances that brought this company to life was when Obasun just seized the resources of Lagos state. The money coming from the further, because he said the creation of LCDAs in Lagos was an aberration that is not recognized by the Constitution. So they should revat and they refuse to revat. By that ingenuity, Lagos was able to survive, right? And by that time, this private company was contracted to collect money on behalf of Lagos state. It was ingenious. We needed to clap for them because it was good and idea. But since then, the funds had been released to government and this big company has no business again being around, but they're still there and they're collecting money. And they collect, I think, that 12% to 15% on whatever we generate as IGR. So me, if I'm governor of Lagos in Ishala, executive order one, I will terminate that arrangement. That's money, 15%. But that is concern. It doesn't give concern. For me, again, you also know that in Lagos, there used to be a security trust fund that they created. In this state, again, during the regime of Babatunifashala, do you understand? They created the Lagos state trust fund and all the multinationals in this state, they contributed enough money and that was why we were better secured because through the trust fund, they were able to keep the police, giving them better wares, the boarding vehicles and policemen in Lagos were also supplemented in terms of payment of salaries. Now, I will also deal with that. There's a fourth mainland bridge that has been in the minds, in the minds of governments of Lagos state. For so many years now, we are going to put in the fourth mainland bridge, bam, nothing has happened. I can see recently, hurriedly, they have now called for bidding and they have brought in the bidders who will do this bridge. It is important that this is a bridge that is necessary in Lagos. But the way a man at the bridge is designed is so convoluted, it's complex. That's not what we need. We are looking for functionality and not without dress. We need to look at the design again and we are going to partner with companies that will now collect toll as and where necessary on that bridge to get their money back and we have a revolutionary right. So we are not going to do it alone. We can't do it alone. All aspects of what you want to do is going to be with responsible people. We have hospitals in Lagos here where there are no beds. There are no drugs. You have people lying on the floor when you go to the hospitals. This is not the incidence of mega city. Me, I was the one that drafted the Habitat Law for Lagos State. I drafted the law. I knew what it involves because I was part of the policy board in the technical committee that Baratunde Rajifashila put in place when it was there for us to be able to cater for incidence of collapse buildings, among other things. And Mr. Soholu was also part of this committee. As a modified was the vice president of the committee, vice chairman. This was in 2012. 2021, buildings have been crashing everywhere in Lagos. 2021, stories building came down and you saw it. 21. How does anybody invest in a place where 21 stories crash? Yes. Lagos has now become the state of collapsing buildings. Let's look at these finances. You said that Lagos collects a lot of money and that was due to the ingenuity that was put in motion by contracting a private firm to collect revenue. Now, that means that when the private company had not come, the revenue collection was really low. Now, if you revet this, if you abolish this, if you terminate the contract of the private company, what alternative do you have so that Lagos can stay afloat? Stay like that with the revenue collection. One thing that is obvious to me, you didn't follow my trend. If you did follow my trend, I said that there was a contingency then that made it necessary for them to bring in this private company. So you think without them, Lagos can do as well as that? Oh, not as well, better. In this state, we have an institution, an agency. It's in front of Alousa. They call it LIRS, Lagos Entity Revenue Service. But they were there before the private company? I still, you are not letting me finish. The primary responsibility of the LIRS is to collect tax. So they will do exactly what this company is doing. There's nothing they are doing different now. What they did different was them. Now nothing different, we're going to bring in people. Financial experts, we employ them. We have some consultants work with LIRS. We retain this money in our country, in our state. Let me tell you what it involves. Maybe you think it's a small figure. If we collected 600 billion per annum, for example, about 90 billion is an outlet. So you can see the streets of Lagos. You know we are going into election. You go to see Lagos, it's a polly. The government of Lagos state, you see those billboards it's putting, it costs between 8 to 15 million at that age. Go to the road and check how many billboards that there are in the local. It's billboards that they are putting everywhere.  Cost almost the same thing. Remember when they were going to collect forms, 100 million in our forms. So you see they are celebrating themselves. They are not thinking about the people. Now we need to be more scientific in what we're doing. The people. Jeremy Bentham, I don't know if you know him, we're political scientists. It's still the essence of good government. It's the greatest happiness of the greatest number. Are you happy? Me, I'm not happy. Because it is costing me my life to survive in this state. I can't buy diesel for my generator. I can't buy forest. I can't go anywhere. I'm trapped here. That was a national thing. Well, Nationality in Lagos is also part of the problem because the state, the government and the federal is called APC. You know the meaning of APC? It's the same government that has been here for four times. As she read you, first of all, I believe that APC people. So this man should just go home and sit there. Me and my name is Jim of the state. The man is not from here. Okay. Still going back to that. What would you do that will make the LIRS to sit up so well and do their job? Because this is the same kind of thing that is replicated in all other states that are not doing as well as Lagos. Lagos is the only one that contracted this private entity that made the IGR go. So which means there's something about government institutions that don't seem to work. What will you do differently? No, it is because, you see, you belong to those people that believe that the public sector is not functional and you are dead wrong. You're very, very wrong. What you need to do is to motivate the bureaucrats and ensure that they perform a good job. The man who was in LIRS before Fowler, he was moved from there to the FRS. It was a signal to show that Lagos works, right? Now, what you need to do, it's a collection process.  It's not generation. You need to understand collection and generating tax. There are different things. The money is there. You have in place a pay-as-to-end system. You have companies that you have to collect tax from.  And you ensure that you're writing the tax net. It doesn't involve the ingenuity of a third party. It only shows the tax man that knows what to do and he will do it and he will do it well. We'll keep our money in our state. Our roads are not good. So we want to go to Awigaya and do the road in Awigaya.  We also want to go to Ewe Elecper and repair the road. We want to go to Kokomayiko and do what is right. We want to make sure that when you're going to Badagini from Lagos, you've got a smooth ride. You don't go to a place and then you cannot move. The Lagos State University, which is the brand university for us as a state, go there. How do you get to the university? There is no road. Which ever way you want to get to the place, you can see it's traffic gridlock everywhere. So we need to think outside the box, my friend. We need to bring in people who have ideas and look at the world of the ideas. What is going on now? I can show you it's a state or not to drive. Yes, Bayo is itching. Yeah, Chief of Man, let's come back to the industry. Lagos houses the bulk of the industries in Nigeria. As a matter of fact, as you know, between if you take away what I will all set up in the first republic, the Western Nigerian marketing board has stayed around in Kejia, all those areas. The only addition to that was the Isono Industrial Area which is in Lagos State, but Agbara which is partly Lagos, partly Lagos State. The question is, we haven't seen new industries being attracted to Lagos. Lagos has been rather difficult to set up business in. What exactly will you do? What kind of incentives? What are your plans to make sure that the industrial capacity in Nigeria, which is very low by the way, and Lagos leading in this area, that you will increase the industrial capacity, especially within the territory of Lagos? First of all, let's not engage in conjecture. We need to deal with the facts. First and foremost, nobody will build anything in Lagos or Nigeria for now because of the exorbitant price of diesel. You see, diesel light is a very important cost in production, as you know. When you talk about cost of a product, you need to produce it because we don't have light and because the cost of diesel has become, I don't know how to describe it, but it just goes up, up, up, up, it never comes down. They will tell you, if you started a factory and you are factoring your cost of production lights, because the light in government has failed in providing light. So now you need to, you cannot afford a production network whereby there will be interruption of your production. So you need a backup. You know my backup is going to be a diesel, each diesel generator. Now, when you wrote your plan, it was 234 Naira for diesel. Now somewhere down the line, five years later, the diesel alone is costing you 700 Naira.  Number one, you will shut down. Now, if you are able to survive that, most of what you are bringing in are imported products and you have to source money from the CBN. Now the cost of the dollar is just skyrocketing. Today it's 200, it almost goes to 800. That's another reason why you are going to shut down the factory. Even if you found the money to buy the dollar, the CBN says to you, we don't have dollar to give you. What do you do? You go and buy with watts. You can see what happened to Emirates and other airlines here because they can't get their money out of the country. Some of them, you see, Nigeria is dealing with, a very, very complex situation that has been fostered on us by misrule. And that is the tragedy of the fact that we still have geriatric people coming to return and saying, yes, it is BBB, it is ABC. No, it's not correct. We are not a nation of a two political party system. I know for a fact that there are alternatives. We now need to begin to think out and over our country to people who have more ideas. There was this other party that spent their time. This one has also spent their time. They are a continuation of the same, the same characters moving from one point to the other. They have failed this country. If we are looking at a future, why we are going to have a better country, we need to think outside the box. We may be considering the IPP option. We have to decentralize power. The way in which we are doing power here, look, there's a gas station in Ecuador, the Egmitama station. How then do you explain that people in Nigeria, next door to the thermal station, they don't have light? How do you explain that our hospitals, we don't have light? So we need to begin to think about modular production. We provide, we provide, and we do what we have to do. Well, the Agia Kuta still made that. It's the most moridum industry anywhere on earth. Everybody wake up one day, they talk about Agia Kuta. But nobody has been able to start the steel industry, because you cannot really do much with that place, because the whole technology has changed. So we are working. You can set up a plan, because the constitution now allows states to also set up power stations is on the concurrent list. So aren't you thinking that given the economic potential of Lagos, the fact that Lagos provides 30% of Nigeria's GDP and in order to bring in, you know, and calling the private sector widened in those capacity that Lagos could have his own power generating company, for example. Are you thinking in that direction? No, I'm not only thinking in that direction. First and foremost, if you want to go into a papa port from anywhere, the revenue from that port is very huge in terms of what we get as a country. There is no way to get there. You will find out that you have a traffic situation, trailer to trailer, 500 trailers long. Now, you need to pay X amount of money, but now you have to go find your way one way in order to get your trailer, your truck into the place. It's affecting us. And the beneficiaries of that, there are never imports. For me, I want to bring in equipments. I want to do things. But they are not going to come by road from where I'm bringing them from. They are going to come by the same area, the same papa ports have to bring it into Lagos. So first and foremost, I need to hear that problem. I need to work with the minister of transportation to let them understand that as they benefit from that port, it is the Phoenician now center of Nigeria that needs to be accessed. That port is the only port that I know in the world. I've been widely traveled. I've been engaged in maritime work where there is no train, because there has to be a train that services the ports. That train will be everywhere. So that if you wanted to move cargo from a papa port and you're taking it to Duce in Jigawa, or you're taking it to Zanfara, or you're taking it to Beno, you go by rail in Nigeria. When I was in, I think second to school, 76, I traveled from Lagos to Maiduguri by rail. They didn't carry me in the coach. I sat down there and moved from a place to there. So first and foremost, we need that link. For me, if that is solved, and that will involve myself and the minister of transportation putting in place the necessary instruments before the further executive council. The way our solution will be to solve this problem, because we are suffering. It is cheaper for you to go to our neighboring countries and bring in your things as opposed to bringing it through our own ports when that is done. That will not encourage us because people are brought in a hit mess into this country and it's been stuck in the ports for years. Because to demolish. If you allow me just to, because this is very funny, but I know you have good losses when we're coming with a question, but let me quickly bring this in. You've given a very graphic situation and the challenges of leveraging the papa port. Don't you think the same problem is looming in the leaky axis because the leaky deep seaport has been finished and handed over five weeks ago, if I'm correct now. What exactly would be your plan to make sure that what has happened to a papa and to people who have to use that corridor does not happen in the leaky axis now that the leaky deep seaport is functional? I tell you one thing for free. It's not to leave the seaport. You have in place the Angutile refinery, it is there. They're going to start operations. You also have in place the free trade zone. There are three complex investments in that area. What you have painted is even, I think it's just average. What you're going to have there? The design, illegal state is the only place I know on earth. Whereby are you going to put in place infrastructure? You're going to put in place a facility and the infrastructure will not be in place before you start construction. If you wanted to have a layout of an estate, you are going to have the telephones, the roads, put in place before you start making a lot of money. So what they have done is to do what they know how to do best. Just to do things irrationally, not to think it out. Because, you see, there was this idea of a coastal road. The coastal road was supposed to be from Kouramu, down to Erepe, dovetailing off the road. Nobody has done anything about that coastal road.  They have allocated all the places to themselves. They are even saying to us everywhere. What ought to be a coastal road can no longer be there because they have depicted the ocean that critical. Now, what do we do with the refineries? If they are going to be the ones who are going to, after four, they have to be tens of thousands of trailers that will have to be on the road. Then what happens? Why are they going to pass? There's no road in Yaya. We are going to acquire back and forth 13 hours. So by the time you have those trailers on the road, there's also a complexity. So we now need to speak to Dan Gote. Mr. Dan Gote, you have put in place this investment here. Now, we now need to think about the CRS which we need to do our roads. And that's exactly what it did in the Oshodi, Oshodi, Baghdad area. Because the traffic did lack in that access, there was an arrangement with him. I think it's a 90-year arrangement or so, and there will be a tax relief. We will do the same thing for him. He cannot put a refinery there for capitalism and for commerce, and then it's going to inconvenience our citizens. I congratulate Ogun State governments. They have done wonderfully well. Because if you see the road from Ijibwe there to Ijibwe, good road. Now people live in Ijibwe and they go to Ijibwe there, come into town, and come to Lake. It is shorter. Very ridiculous situation we have found ourselves. When a government, they say, we are doing this, we are doing this, but they just now think this that they have done, but they are not looking at the people. And Banktown was right. The people of Lagos Street were not happy. So it has to be the greatest happiness of the greatest number. This government has failed. They got no business to be painting the road. If they have succeeded, they will not have these political frenzies everywhere you go. So what will you do for the election? I will know whatever the deputies name. It's all over the place. If your government has won the election, or you have performed well, you don't need these political frenzies. I see if everybody must be looking at you. Your work will speak for you. We need a change in this state, not even in this state. We also need a change in the federal government there. And please, I don't want to congratulate Goodman, 50 years old, San Liga practitioner. We have a program, the Social Democratic Party, to bring this state out of the love drama it has found itself. And to bring a relief to this country. We must stop medical tourism. We must stop at the time when our president will have to go abroad every time when he has headache. We must also not put in place to replace one man who goes on medical headache, which I'm only one that will be doing the same thing. Because the signs are there. And I thank Ernest for the beavers at the University of Benin alumni award night yesterday. He explained the way the beavers work. Now, there will be no beginning of elections. There will be no vote buying. There will be no vote carrying. So we believe that we will sell to the people of Lagos to the message of hope. We are going to let the people of this country know. Then it is for them to decide. They may want what is happening to continue. But also remember that we have a 60% youth population in the 2003 election. Young people, the man who was 14 before the ball, is not 18, is voting. The man who's team is voting. Think about what happened there in the answers. The statement by the youth is this.  So we don't want any geriatric person who asks medical issues to govern us ever, ever again. OK. Because our time is up, let's just have a mention of your agenda. Some people have four points, seven points, 12 points. What are your agenda? What is your agenda? What are the greatest concerns when you come into power that you are going to tackle? If you had listened to me very well, trust me. Just one. No, wait. No, that's the way you work. Me, I'm a legal practitioner. I've practiced law for 37 years, right?  More important than the two minutes. No, the two minutes. Is it not? Transport. Good. Roads. We are going to fix these roads, do you understand? Multi-rail system, not monorail. Multi, you know, I've explained this. The hospitals, we are going to fix the hospitals. We'll bring in, we'll build better hospitals. Girl, more than maternity hospitals. We don't have enough in this city.  And we are also going to ensure that our schools are functioning. We are going to go back to the golden days of public education. So that me, Kulautma, going to public school, my father, pay close to nothing. We are not going to encourage what is going on now. We are going to start an aberration. We are going to invest in education. We are going to train teachers. We will not have this university mentality.  We will have colleagues of education. We are going to train teachers. It's a very noble profession. You don't need to say it in university. We are going to have artisans.  There are people, they want to build their houses. They go and bring artisans from other countries. I don't want to mention. There are ladies that I know. They want to sell their work. They have a collection. They send it to anybody in the country. That is a shame. So we are going to ensure that Taylor's bricklayer happen time. They are well trained in such a way that when we are going to build a 40-story building, do you understand? From 50, we will be sure that from floor 1 to floor 50, the building will never, ever come down. So if we have a building come down now, 21 stories went down. Three stories went down. Seven stories went down. And there had been continuous building collapse in the life of this Sawellua administration. What can they say? As the people have said, this is an administration of collapsing buildings. He has no business to go back into power. Let him just live and let us have a better life in this city. Thank you very much. OK, so transportation, education, commerce, and a few other things. Health, very important. Health is very important. Yes. We are going to aid medical. Not health. No, not health. We are going to aid medical tourism. As she went to Bola, she knew. He's known. He let Gulalu to go abroad. He was there in France. He was there in London. He was going to before his health. Even when at the VP, Professor Shibajo, he had issues with his sword. He did it here. But he did not do it in general hospital. Neither did he go to Lassos. He went to one of those high-profile hospitals where you enter the place from the reception until you get inside. It's as if you are abroad. No. If my leg is hot, right? If I'm dying, they will take me to Lassos. If I'm dying, if there is nobody to treat me in Lassos, I will die there. I'm OK. I go back to Lassos when nobody carries me anywhere. Because in all my life, I have never left Nigeria to go for medical treatment everywhere. I either go to military hospital, I go to general hospital. My cats are there for me to cross check. So if we have, we must aid medical tourism here. And we must also develop our nation in such a way that people come and we are going to develop sports. You can see the whole world now is looking at the World Cup. We have people. Our own state will also produce footballers. I don't know if you have heard from me there. There's a series of people, these are people who play football for Lagos State and they are recognized as fit and proper persons who can do the same thing. So we're going to encourage them about young people. You're going to be in school, you're going to do sports, so it's a complementary, right? So we will develop. It's not for us to go there. People who come from other countries to be part of what we are doing here. OK. Well, ladies and gentlemen, it was meant to be for a very few minutes and it became so long because we've had so much to talk about here and we couldn't even exhaust it. We've been talking with the gubernatorial candidate for Social Democratic Party, SDP, Mr. Kunle Utman. And he has told us how he can make Lagos better. Some people think Lagos has reached its peak and nothing more can be added or just little can be added. But he has, he thinks otherwise that so much more can be done for Lagos. We'd like to say thank you to you, Mr. Utman, for coming on the show. Well, God be with you. Good luck to you. Thank you very much. And I'm happy to be here. I like your studio. Good people. The Almighty God going to bless you all. So we'll take a short break and when we're taking the news, after the news we'll continue with the run-up. Run-up, sorry. Stay with us.


Well they go, arriving. What year did the Arizona Diamondbacks win the World Series? I was forever ago. What was the first year the Baltimore Ravens won the Super Bowl? 2001. 2001. How old were you? 5th grade. 6 years old. When the last time Army beat Navy? It was a while ago. What were you doing? No idea. No clue. For a while. There's only one remaining question. When is Army going to beat the Navy? Not happening on my watch. Pardon me Commodore, but that is never going to happen.