Okay, this talk is Packaging for Beginners by Gagai Nagi, also known as Algernon. Yeah, something like that. Well, the thing here is 45 minutes is very short for teaching anyone how to package even the most simple package properly. So, instead of, well, trying to teach you something which is impossible, I will try to show a few examples which hopefully will show you how packaging can be fun and rewarding. And in order to do so, I will start with a little story. A little story happens in a wonderful and magical world, where we saw the earth, and in this little world there is a boy who has a fascination for computers. It just so happens that on his computer he has a system, a free system with source code, so many that he could spend centuries reading it, and he would still not be bored. Well, as it happens, this boy over the years developed the fascination for developing free software for the system, and one day when his little sister entered the room and asked him to write her a pony, he did so, and this program was so awesome that years later his sister, who is using the same system, wanted to surprise his brother, who in the meanwhile became a Debian developer, and she wanted to package this little pony, and this is what I will show you how she did so. But first, let me show you the pony. It's a very simple program. Your standard configure make, make, install, style, thing, configure, make, and it does the rest, and now they show you what it does. Well, I already built it, and this is the pony. Awesome isn't it? Well, this is the program we will package. Little sister already set up a directory where this program is. Well, that's the source code. So how do we start? We have an upstream source code. We can build it. We can install it and it just works, but we want a Debian package. So we do the obvious and extract it if I remember the command. Well, same thing over again. There we go. Little sister read somewhere that in order to build a Debian package, you need to invoke the dpkg-build-package command. Wow, okay. Just a second. We're in the podium, so you won't hide it. Sorry.  Yeah, that's a great relief. Well, as you see, we ran the package, and while it kind of threw us an error, that it can't find the Debian slash changelog file. Maybe we should make one. We could look at another package or copy it, but instead I will cheat a little bit and invoke this command called dch, which is supposed to be used to update the Debian changelog files. It's also very helpful because it immediately told us that we can use the dash-create command to create that file. And when I use that, it can't find the directory, so let's make it and run it again. There we go. Oh, well. One moment. I'll fire up a different editor. Oh, this is a little bit better. So this is the template for a changelog. We fill it out. It's version zero, and we're supposed to release it into a stable. I could also fix the name, but that would take a little while because I didn't figure out how sister is called. So let's just leave it with that. Okay, so now we have a changelog. Let's see what build package throws in our face again. Well, okay. The main error here is that there is no Debian control file. This Debian control file is the file that tells the build program certain information about the package, such as which section it is in, which priority it has, what is the source file called, what binary packages it builds, because you can have a single source package and build as many binary packages from it as you wish. In our example, we want to build one simple binary package. So we will write the control file accordingly. And as we do so, I will try to explain what different fields mean. Okay, so first, the Debian control file looks a little bit like an email. It has fields and it has values. The first block of fields describes the source and as such, we tell it that the source is called pony. And well, a pony is not really useful, so we put it in the game section and it's not that important the package, so we set the priority to extra. For a start, let's say that's enough for a simple source. And we need to build a binary package and we want to call it pony. And since it's a compiled program, we need to set the architecture to any. You can set the architecture, well, if it's a compiled program, it's best to set to any in the beginning. If it's a script or something like that, you can set it to all, which means it will be architecture independent. If you know it will only compile on a certain subset of architectures that Debian supports, you can list that there. The next thing is coming up with a description for this package and, well, throws a pony on the screen. We also need a long description and let's see if this is enough. Oh, much better, thank you. Well, it doesn't complain about the control file anymore. Now it complains that it can't find Debian rules. Well, what is that file? Debian rules is the file that tells the DPKG build package how to assemble the Debian package we want to build. It needs to have a... Well, basically it's a make file. It needs to have a certain set of targets to build a package, to install it to the right place and to build a Debian package out of that whole thing. I will not go into details how this works. I will just show a very, very simple example, which should be enough for the vast majority of simple packages, such as the one we are packaging now. And when I mean simple, I really mean simple. First, the shebang line. And this is the trick. Let me spend a few moments explaining what this does. There's a helper package called Depthelper, which is meant to make it easier to package software into Debian. And it has a so-called short mode, or DH mode, which pretty much works on a do-what-I-mean basis. And it automatically tries to figure out what you want. It looks at the source code, figures out that, hey, it's built with AutoConf and AutoMake. I know how to build that. I know how to install it. And pretty much it does everything for you. Now, I must stress that using this is convenient, but if you end up packaging, or better say, when you end up packaging, in the long run, you really do want to know what is behind these commands. I will not go into that today, because that is a very long story and it is well-documented. Let's just say that this works and is easy, and we make this file executable and see what happens. Wow, a lot of things happen. It's just building the package, but it's also complaining about this compatibility level 5 or something.  Well, thankfully, we have a man page, and we can search for Compat. There is this Tebian Compat thing, so I will cheat a little bit again, and instead of going through the man page, I will tell you that in order to use the short form, you have to put an 8 into this dbian slash Compat file, because step helper has different compatibility levels, so it can remain backwards compatible with former versions. So we do something like this and try again. It builds again, and magically it stopped complaining. Well, it does complain about my keynote phone, but that's expected because it's not on the laptop. Let's see what happened. Well, look at that. What we have here. We have a package, so let's try installing it and see if it works. It works. Magic. We know we're near finished yet. Not by far. This is just a package, but once you start to use tools which help you make your package better, such as Lintian, well, this will be embracing. Yes, it is embracing. Let's try this so it doesn't try to sign it. Missing maintainer. Why didn't I notice that? Okay, let's fix that. Well, as it turns out, every package needs to have a maintainer. So we write one. This will be me for the moment, and rebuild as usual, let's say. Well, this takes a little while. Oh, my God, that's a lot of errors and warnings. Well, let's go over these warnings and what they mean. First of all, each package should have a build dependency field in DBM control. That field describes what other packages this one needs in order to be built. Every tool you use during the build, except a few, and everything else the package depends on during build, needs to be listed there. So, for example, since we use Depthalper, that needs to put into the build-upends field. And since we use version 8 of Depthalper, we need to make that build dependency version. I didn't tell it in the beginning, but, well, never mind, we'll get to that later. Let's just start Depthalper for a start. Build, Depthalper, and rebuild. Let's see what it says now. Well, it's a little bit less errors this time, and yes, another thing I forgot to put into the control file is the Depends field. Every binary package, or well, every package where it makes sense, needs to be a Depends line, which is a bit similar to build-upends, except that it lists the packages. The package depends on once it is installed. So, for example, we need not put Depthalper there because the package doesn't use it. There is a trick when using Depthalper, well, basically any other helper, that can figure out what are the libraries one program is linked against. And I will show you the trick right now. So, we need a Depends line. If we put this here, while building the package, this will be expanded to the list of the libraries, the binary we just built depends on. We don't need to know, and we don't need to explicitly list all that stuff here. So, this makes it a lot easier. And we rebuild again and see what happens. In the meantime, I'll run Lintian again. So, this... Sure. There's all these Lintian warnings you've got. Is there a web page that lists what these mean? Or is there... Yeah, there is a web page somewhere, which I forgot, but you can do Lintian info, and it will hopefully tell me how to proceed, or maybe not. I think it was the... Oh, okay. Yeah, indeed, this tells a lot more about what each tag means. Yeah, good idea is to go through these descriptions when packaging a piece of software, and you can work your way up from doing something simple like we did to having Lintian clean package, which is a pretty requirement for any package entering DBA nowadays, thankfully. And yeah, I think that was most of what I wanted to tell. Basically, as I've shown, doing a very simple package is unbelievably easy. And we have a lot of tools which help make this package better, which have both good documentation, and they have very nice output, which helps you make the package better, and you can make your way up from there to end up with a really nice package. So if there are any questions, then please shout.  I think one of the most important points that you illustrated is that every developer or maintainer or whatever will have his different way of doing things, and everyone will know a different set of tools, and there is no single way to show things, no simple way to present... That is correct. As many developers, there are as many ways to do packaging. There are common points, but yeah. I have another question. Is there a way to know what's inside the depth package that you created? Yes. Well, the very easy way is to launch Midnight Commander and just look inside it. There are certainly better ways, but this is convenient. Basically, the depth package has two parts. It has the real contents, which at the moment is our binary package, binary software, and a little bit of documentation which at the moment consists of the D-Bend changelog. The other part of the depth package is the various control information. The control file we created, or at least part of it, as you can see somewhere here, it depends on... In the source, we used a variable there, and the build process expanded it to what you see above. The depth package contains this, contains various other files such as pre- and post-installation scripts and... Thanks, Aya. Any other questions? Hi. I'm new to contributing, and before coming here, I tried to learn how to package stuff. The only problem I have with this is because there's lots of information around and there are lots of ways of doing it, so I was wondering if someone from the audience or you perhaps can personally recommend a tutorial which has a uniform method of doing it because there is lots of information and I can't make sense, right? Much like, I think, the key and art of packaging, so as to speak, yeah. Yeah. I would suggest, first, forget about documentation at the start because, as you said, there is a lot of it. Instead, I would suggest have a look at packages, a few simple ones and try to copy it and try to change it until it works for what you want to package and read the documentation when you encounter a problem or if something really doesn't make sense, then you can find the appropriate documentation either in the DBM policy or the new maintainers guide or the developer's reference or Lucas, I think, now bombs packaging tutorial. Both of these documents are awesome but all of them are pretty big and hard to digest at first, so I would suggest do first, read after. However, when you are about to upload a package to the DBM before that, make sure that it's really in a good shape. I just want to quickly say that the new maintainers guide has been being revised a lot in the past year and two years and I think it's actually a very high quality. The most important thing with any piece of documentation is to stick with it from beginning to end and not to swap from one tutorial to the other, which I do all the time. So, new maintainers guide. One other piece of advice I might give is to look at a recent package version. If you look at several different ones, they all look rather different and they're very confusing and you wonder why there are different ways of applying patches. So, use a recent and small package. Two comments. First of all, after that I will show you a few more additions to the packaging and the new maintainers guide is really recommended and even experienced developers walk with it because they forget stuff, sometimes forget the right syntax or sometimes just want an example. So, it's good for beginners and experienced people. I would read it once, although you might not understand everything, then start to package and return to the guide because once you read it, some of the bits will already be in your head and you can return to a specific part. It will be easier that way. After I know other questions, then I'll give the... I'm the intruder here. I wrote the new maintainers guide. I first let others speak for it. Just listen to Google. Type how to build the Debian package into Google and the first Debian.org result is okay. It will work. Yeah, you're working with Michel? Yes. Perfect. The layout is English. It's just a little bit Hungarian. So, okay, Mike walks. I'll do a few additions to the tutorial we just had. Please be patient with me because it's in Hungarian keyboard with English layout and it's not my laptop. So, I wanted to show you, first of all, a few additions. One of them. Let's see where we are. Where's the minus key? Oh, thank you. Okay, the first... It's really hard when you don't see what you type. First of all, you can get information about the package without checking its contents with the package and you can see, take your trick, that this was the line that we had with Schlib's depends. Another one that all the dev files are actually archived files and sometimes have sub-archives. So, you can use anything that shows these formats to show the package contents. But another option is, again, to ask the package to help you and get a look at least of the files that would be on the file system which are not the control files. As we saw before, there are a few parts that are not shown here, which are the control files, the MD5 sums, and the maintenance scripts, the post install, pre-install, and the same for removal. Regarding the rule files, this is... Okay. This is compatibility version 8 of the rule files and for my taste, it's a bit too automatic and too short. I prefer to work with the largest or more expanded version. I'll just do a build for a second. You can see that during the process, there are a lot of DH programs that are run. So, this is what the black box actually does. It runs a lot of smaller scripts, which each one of them has a unique role. I'll take an example... Yes, yes, you are correct. I'm just used to VM. Okay, this will be the previous version of the rule files and actually has all the targets that the automated DH actually runs. It has a few targets, the main ones... This is a template, so this is the reason for all these lines with hash before them. We have the build target, which calls build stamp. I won't go with the whole rules files and how it works, but just to give you a general orientation of the file. The main target we have here is build, clean, install, and usually binary, which actually causes the package, takes the files into a Debian package. There's a way, as we saw earlier, the Debian rule files actually has execution permissions, so we can run it and it will work, and we can specify one target, so we won't do the whole process, but just the one we want. Let's do clean first and then... For example, if we have build problem of the package, we won't need the whole process just to figure out where's the build problem, because if the build fails, the rest will fail also. This will be an easier way to find why the program is failing. In this case, it won't fail, but it will help us debug. Then we can run the install part. This would be a good option to explain about fake root. Usually installation is done as root because the make install program thinks we are going to install to the real location, which is usually slash USR bin or whatever directory, and they're all only writable with root permissions. To circumvent this problem, we use fake root, which tells the program, it's okay, you're root, you can write to that location, and the program thinks, okay, I'm root, I'll just write it, and this way we can package stuff in our home user, whatever directory we have, without actually messing with the actual system we're using. This is a very healthy situation for building, because sometimes you might have a package install its files and overrun the system's programs or mess with the configuration or a lot of things that you want to do on the actual system. So running it as your own user is the best practice. Just going up to the history, okay. I'll show you. The actual files are written inside the Debian directory, and the files are written to the directory called the same as the package, in our case pony, and you would see it has also the Debian part, this one, and also the user part. This is the actual files that are going on the file system, and this is the Debian control files. If you use the command, the find command, to see the layout, and then compare it, you see it's actually the same, okay. Well, except for the Debian directory, I mean this one, which the d-package-c won't show you. Well, with more complex packages, we actually have another directory that all the files are written to there and then move to another place depending on which sub-packages they should relate to. A few more things I wanted to show you. First of all, during the changelog file, we have this part. This is the best way we use changelog to close bugs. Probably you won't encounter it first, but when your package will be uploaded, I hope you won't get any bugs, but in the case you will, the next changelog entry should mention closes and the bug number. The format here is really important, so if you forget the two dots or the hash sign, it won't close the bug. The plus side is if you write the format correctly, the bug will be automatically closed upon upload and you won't need to do anything manually. We have a very similar format if you want to close bugs in Ubuntu. So when the package moves from Debian to Ubuntu, it can also close bugs in Ubuntu. For example, this is the way I also monitor my bugs in the bugs of my packages in Ubuntu and if there's a fix, I just mentioned bugs from both bug tracking systems. We can use the DCHO, let me first, the previous part. We had install and then, just to show you it works. So we don't have any DEB file and this would actually create a DEB file. So we can do the whole build process step by step and to see what it actually does and it's easier to repeat steps after we make fixes instead of rebuilding the whole package. Sometimes the compilation part takes a lot of time and there's no need to repeat it time over time if you're only changing, for example, where the files will be. There's a few tools that could help you. They come from, it's called DEB scripts package and it has a lot of helper scripts which would make your life easier. One of them you saw earlier which is called DCH and for example, if you want to add an item to the changelog, again, sorry for the... Yeah, let's try again. Okay, so we see it already opened the changelog file. It added an asterisk so we can start our own new entry and it also updated the timestamp. It's very easy and very convenient. Next, we would decide we want to have a newer version of Pony and we would use DCH-i, i is increment and we'll get a newer version. Okay, so we jump from Pony version 0 to Pony version 1. Another thing, sorry, I'm not used to it. Okay, we'll start with version 0. Sometimes the package, the app swim we have is Debian-specific one and sometimes it's a more general program which can go to a lot of distributions and on top of that we'll actually add the Debian directory and all its files. So we want to have a separation between what came from AppSprim and what came from Debian and if we take a look again at the result file we can see that we only have a Debian package and the AppSprim source. In this case and this version in Scheme, actually we choose 0, we can only have these two. This means the package is Debian-specific. It usually goes for packages written by Debian people, for Debian and in most cases they are irrelevant to other distributions. If we want a general package we need to add a version to the package. Well, the 0 here means the AppSprim version and the minus one or actually the one means the Debian subversion. So when the next time we try to increment the version here it will go to 0-2. So it's the same AppSprim version but Debian has another version of the package. So let's say a new version or better yet just fix something. So the next time actually then we'll get another error probably. One minute, okay let's do it fast. So this time you can see that for version 0-2 we got a binary package which has a different name and I'm missing something, yeah. And a towerball just for the version. So don't mix between this one and this one. They are not the same. Just to show you the difference. Okay, this will be the AppSprim files. You could see this is the source and that would be only, yeah, okay. No, excuse me because we have to rename the source the AppSprim file and we won't have time for that, yeah. Quick questions before we finish? Yes. When using the TAP Helper version 8 can you selectively override targets? Yes, you can but it's a bit more complicated and this is the reason I prefer the previous version because it's much more simpler to have changes in it. Okay, especially for beginners and they can just go to the exact point of the problem and do the change except instead of trying to figure out how the automated system works and where to put the right hook so something else will happen. Okay, time's up. Thank you. Thank you very much.


Looks like Costa Rica Ladies and gentlemen I am delighted to welcome President Monque to Costa Rica Costa Rica is an old and valued friend of the United States Its dramatic tradition has made that country a natural partner of the United States in the Caribbean and in fact in the whole hemisphere Our meeting is in keeping with my policy of working very closely with our Democratic friends in this hemisphere And I most appreciated the President's views on his country's prospects and problems I personally pledged my administration support for Costa Rica's efforts at economic recovery And I'm also deeply appreciative of the President's strong support for the Caribbean Basin Initiative And understand that he's going to make that support known to our Congress We discussed the prospects for democracy in the region We noted that fair and free elections have been held this year in his own country, Costa Rica and Colombia Where they've long been a tradition and Honduras, El Salvador and the Dominican Republic as well We've also discussed the threat to this welcome development by forces of the extreme right and the extreme left The latter aided and abetted by Nicaragua and Cuba We candidly assessed the inter-American system in light of the recent conflict in the South Atlantic We agreed that the system and its ability to respond to threats to the peace must be strengthened And that this required our urgent attention And finally let me say again, it's been my great pleasure in meeting and talking with you, Mr. President I look forward to our working together in the common problems that face us in this hemisphere And it's a pleasure to welcome you to a meeting I have expressed my deep appreciation to President Reagan for this invitation to come here in representation of the government and the people of Costa Rica And I pointed out in my words of appreciation to the President that this was a great indication of the sympathy and the support for Costa Rican democracy That is the fact that this invitation was extended to me the very day that I took office this past May 8th I have had the privilege to come to reiterate and to ratify an alliance of all our country with the United States of North America A small democracy without an army has always been a sincere ally of the great power that the United States of North America is And so this small democracy without an army has always been a sincere ally of this great power called the United States of America Because we have always identified with the ideals and the conceptions of freedom and justice in favor of the peoples of the land And so this small democracy without an army has always been a sincere ally of this great power called the United States of America Because we have always identified with the ideals and the conceptions of freedom of justice and good for the good of all the peoples throughout the earth And so this alliance has become a matter of great importance for our countries throughout the past but never more than now in this dramatic occasion It is its importance is a really dramatic significance because we are caught in a pincer now that is the democratic forces between the extremes of political thinking Now more than ever before I have conveyed to President Reagan the harsh realities of our present economic and social crisis and the true information as to the fact that there is indeed a massive offensive on the part of totalitarian Marxism-Leninism in the area of Central America and the Caribbean To overcome the economic problems and the social injustices we have gone through To preserve in peace the democratic base that represents Costa Rica At the present time and in order to preserve peace in peace this democratic base which is Costa Rica Against poverty for social justice for economic growth I believe that for hard and difficult circumstances we have gone through and so I have expressed to President Reagan I am optimistic At the end of the day they will continue to have validity in the consciousness of our peoples The common ideals of freedom of justice and of peace that they defend since always the peoples of the United States and the people of Costa Rica And so I confirm that in order to defend democracy there is something that is one of my deep convictions that in order to defend democracy the best tool we have in this unceasing struggle Is an unceasing struggle against poverty a struggle in favor of social justice a struggle for economic growth And I believe that no matter how harsh or difficult the circumstances may be that we as I told President Reagan feel optimistic And I think that at the end of the day that the validity of these concepts and the consciousness of our peoples will be intact That is these shared ideals of freedom of justice and of peace that have always been defended by the people of the United States and the people of Costa Rica Thank you very much President Reagan for accepting the ratification of this alliance of the small Costa Rica with the powerful United States To continue fighting for freedom and for justice in favor of our peoples And thank you very much President Reagan for having accepted my ratification of this alliance between tiny Costa Rica and the powerful United States For the continuation of this struggle for freedom and justice for the good of our peoples


Hi everyone, David Smale here at Moundview Dodge in Olds, Alberta. We've got a 2019 GMC Sierra 1500. This truck's got the 5.3 liter V8, 18 inch wheels, steaks. This one is the full-size crew cab, short box in the back, backup camera, as well as your easy-down tailgate. You'll also notice this one's going to have the spray-in box liner. Inside you're going to have your bench seating with a center console, bluetooth, and only 18,000 kilometers. David Smale, Moundview Dodge.


Ma'am, thank you for allowing me to intervene. I'd like to frame my intervention in two blocks. The first block would be a response to Raksha Mantri about the conversation I had with the ex-president of France. And just now she has again accused me of saying something about our prime minister that was mentioned by the president of France. So I would like to clarify those two statements because I would like her to be very clear about what happened. I stated in the House that in a meeting with ex-president Macron when he had come to Delhi, I apologize, I make mistakes. I'm not like his highness, royal highness who does not make mistakes. And yes, he is the current president of France, Mr. Macron. In a conversation with him, I asked him the question whether the secret pact signed with the government of India included the price of the Raphael aircraft. And I also stated to him as part of the question that I found it very surprising and I stated in that conversation that it was surprising to me, I was surprised that the money of the people of India is not being told to the people of India. And in response, President Macron answered, price is not a part of the secret pact and you are welcome to say this publicly. That was the conversation. Now there was another statement made by ex-president, not current president, ex-president France, whose name is Mr. Hollande. I don't know how to pronounce it. How do you say it? Hollande. Mr. Arun Jaitley will be able to say it well. And where did he say it? Don't worry. Let me speak. President Hollande in a statement. In a press conversation, the ex-president of France stated that Mr. Anil Ambani's name was provided to me by the Prime Minister of India and the government of India. Now I said in the context of the conversation that is taking place in our country and the context is that 30,000 crores have been stolen by Mr. Anil Ambani. I said in that context, Mr. Hollande's statement is an accusation against our Prime Minister for facilitating that robbery. That is what I said. And my advice to the Prime Minister, humble advice to the Prime Minister was, Modiji kindly pick up the phone and tell the ex-president of France not to make these type of statements accusing you if there is no truth to the matter. However, if there is truth to the matter, I understand that you will not make a comment about it and you will not mention anything to Mr. Hollande. Those were the two statements that I made. Now, Defense Minister, I am coming now to the second part. Defense Minister said that we are accusing her. The frame she used was, you are accusing us. Madam, I am not accusing you and I am not accusing Mr. Parikar. I am accusing Mr. Narendra Modi.  So I do not think that you are involved in the Raphael scam. I have no proof so far to say that you are involved. But I am very clear that the Prime Minister is directly accused, is directly involved in the Raphael scam. And I will tell you why. There are a couple of central queues. How long did Defense Minister say? Anil Ambani got an offset contract? I do not know. Anil Ambani got the biggest part of the offset contract. Can you show your paper? Anil Ambani's paper is written in it. No, Anil Ambani's paper. Double A. Double A. That was his annual report. No, this one. This one is Rela. Anil Ambani wrote that the largest offset partner with Dassault was 30,000. Largest offset contract in India. Life cycle opportunity estimated at 1 lakh crore rupees we have been given. And the Defense Minister did not mention his name? You did not mention his name? You did not mention Anil Ambani's name? Why not? And the main question is, how did Anil Ambani get the contract? You did it after two hours. But you did not mention that after taking the contract from HAL, who decided to give the contract to Anil Ambani? Sit down. Our question was... You say it. That is not going to happen. The Defense Minister said... And he said in his speech... Sit down. Madam, please. Defense Minister clearly said that the old contract was changed and the new contract was developed. And when the L1 question came, he did not answer. But he said that this old contract was changed and the new contract was developed. In the new contract, Anil Ambani was removed. Sorry, HAL was removed and Anil Ambani was brought in. So our main question was... Who decided to get Anil Ambani? Mr. Oland said that the Defense Minister did it. We asked you the question. You did not answer us. The second question was... The L1, which was sold during the UPA, in that, Rafael's dam was Rs. 560 crore. In your heart, it was Rs. 1,600 crore. In the first bid, in the first bid, in the RFP, there was no bare aircraft. It was a compliment. And this is written here. In addition to weapons, launchers, pylons, would have to be provided. The requirement for launchers is to calculate it at below. So you did not answer this. Okay. You did not answer this. Okay. How did the price increase? Okay. Third question. The neighborhood is very dangerous. So how did you do Rs. 1,600 to Rs. 36? If you were getting Rs. 36 on Saeedam, then why did you not buy Rs. 126? I am sorry, sir. So this is the main question. Thank you. Now my last question is for you. I will finish in two minutes. My question is that the Defense Minister accepted that Mr. Narendra Modi had to undergo an emergency surgery. He said that the old deal of Rs. 126 was changed by Mr. Narendra Modi. You said that Mr. Nirmala, now my question is that the negotiation was going on for 8 years and 10 years. The experts of the Air Force and the Chief of the Air Force and the Defense Ministry were all involved in this. So my simple question is and I would like to ask Mr. Raksha whether I want to answer yes or no. Yes or no? My question is very simple. When this bypass surgery was done by the Prime Minister, did the highest officials of the Defense Ministry object to this bypass surgery? Did they make a statement or did they suggest to the Defense Minister to anybody else? That the Prime Minister should not be bypassing the Defense establishment. Can you answer my question, Nirmala Sankaraman Ji? Yes or no? Thank you.


Hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC, is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is associated with a high mortality rate due to lack of early detection and a high recurrence rate following surgery. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have limited efficacy due to their adverse side effects and drug resistance. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNA, NCNA, molecules, including microRNAs, manas, long non-coding RNAs, LNC RNAs, and circular RNAs, saccharinase, play key roles in the development and progression of HCC. These NCNAs can serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC, as well as provide insight into the mechanism's underlying drug resistance. Targeted therapies sell cycle non-specific chemotherapy and sell cycle-specific chemotherapy may offer new strategies for treating HCC by exploiting the unique characteristics of these NCNAs. This article was authored by Yuan Fang, Xiaoli Zhong, Hanfei Huang, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Hi everybody, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com, coming at you with 2022-23 Panini National Treasures Collegiate Basketball, 2 box random number block break number 2. Big thanks to this group for making it happen, thanks to the people who bought their spots straight up, and congrats again to the people who won spots in the filler we did. There are the numbers right there, let's roll it, let's randomize names and numbers 5 and a 3, 8 times. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. We got Louis down to James after 8, 5 and a 3, 8 times for the numbers. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. We got 9 down to 5 after 8 and here's how it shakes out for y'all. Louis you got 9, James with 1 and 7, Jay with 6 and 4, CJ with 2 with a spot that you won, Alan with 0. You get any and all redemption than this 2 box break. James last bottom mojo 8, 7% of the time, last bottom mojo hits 100% of the time, so they say. Louis with 3, James with 5. Let's order these numerically and we'll pause the video very shortly for a trade window and when we come back we'll have the break. Stick around, BRB. All right welcome back ladies and gentlemen. No deals were done here in this break. 10th, 2 box, random number block break number 2 of 2022-23 National Treasures Collegiate Basketball. Thanks everyone for making this happen, appreciate it. Now I believe whoever did break 1 marked this break 2 so you know they're from the same, from the same case. It's been a while since I popped this open. Where's night? Guess I'll just use this knife. The flight's at 5.25 a.m. So when do you have to get there? I think some terminals aren't open until the gates aren't open until 4 in the morning. There's one time at an early morning flight and I thought that I could just go like after work or just go back home pick up stuff and run back down to the airport or just leave from here, something like that. So I got there like at 1 or 2 in the morning and they're like yeah it's the gates don't open until 2 or until 4 in the morning. I was like what? What am I supposed to do? Snap in the ticketing gate? Which is what I did. 18 out of 49 Joel MB. That'll go to number 8. So if you're not familiar, I think everyone in this break is familiar with the number block format but in case you're watching this video and you're not, we go by that digit right there which is 8 for James. So that means you'll have 8 out of whatever, 18 out of whatever, you know, 28, 38, 48, 58, 198 so on and so forth. We got 4 out of 5 Jabari Smith Jr. Nice. Had to saw him in Summer League on Friday. Saw him hit that game winner, game winning 3, game winning shot. It's pretty exciting. Jay with the number 4 and the train whistle. All aboard the Big Head Express. We got 29 out of 49 Wendell Moore. Mr. Wendell. Two-color patch and autograph. That'll go to Louis in the number 9. Number 9? Number 9? We got 5 out of 10 Trevor Kiehl's. Two-color patch and auto. Another dookie. Going to James in the number 5. How about some Scotty Barnes. Three-color jersey and autograph. 1 out of 10. I didn't really look at the the school and I thought he went to Boston College. Florida State. We got Pat Riley. Oh by the way Scotty Barnes 1 out of 10. That'll be for James with the spot that he won in the filler. 4 out of 10. Pat Riley in his Kentucky gear. Timeless talent autograph is what that's called. You don't see a lot of Pat Riley autographs out there. Especially him as a collegiate player. Number 4. That'll be for Jay. Got a dual relic here. Palo Bencarro. Dual relic. 5 out of 5. James. James. All aboard the Big Hit Express. If only there was like an autograph right here. Oh right Jersey number. Good eye Oliver. Jersey number. That actually does actually does make a bit of a difference and I know the relics aren't exciting but you know everyone wants the RPA obviously the autograph but when it gets to kind of that lower number level and with the little boost of the Jersey number. I think that's that's got to help. That's got to help. Especially the player if it's caliber. The book. Book it. It is Kendall Brown. 38 out of 49. So that will go to James in number 8. Last spot mojo. Last spot mojo strikes again. Is number 5 still Bencarro's number? In the pros. Bad with numbers. Like Jersey numbers. It is. Oliver says. Thanks. Okie doke. Okie dokie. Artichoke's. Second and final box. We got 2 out of 10. Another Joel Embiid. First Joel Embiid was 18 out of 49. This is 2 out of 10 Joel Embiid. C. Jim Monroe. And then we've got 32 out of 49. Oshae Agbaji. College College Silhouette signatures for C. Jim Monroe and the number 2. Actually be a little more comfortable in a 180 top loader. We got 16 out of 25 AJ Griffin. I feel like I saw I feel like I saw some AJ Griffin in the summer league. Atlanta. Did I watch it? Did I watch Atlanta? I don't know. Who did they play on Friday the 7th? There was a lot of basketball. A lot of blurs into one. It's like a busy day during group breaks. We got Dale and Terry. I did see Dale and Terry for the Bulls right? 2 out of 49. Watch a little bit of him. Looks pretty good. Yeah it's true yeah. There you go. That's Dale and Terry. 2 out of 49. Nice RPA for C.J. And we've got Kirk Heinrich. 35 out of 49. Classic. That's gonna go to James and the number 5. The greatest Chicago Bowl of all time. Hawks AJ Griffin. No I did not then. I was maybe, Dale and Terry I definitely did. He played, the Bulls played Raptors I think on on a Friday summer league. There's Patrick Williams Jersey and autographed. 35 out of 49. Another one for James. Got one more and then the book should just be a relic. Yeah there's Tyrese Halliburne 3 out of 10. Louis with the number 3. And the book. It's gonna be May. It's gonna be Benedict Mathurian 8 out of 10 for James. Last spot Mojo. Nice patch. I feel like he should use more of the canvas here but but he's a rookie right in this set so we'll forgive him. Next year. Yeah that's a rookie move. Yeah next year. Yeah we won't be so kind next year. He had a pretty solid season too James. And there you go ladies and gentlemen. That is that. I'm Joe for Jaspeys casebreaks.com. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us. And I will see you next time for the next break. Bye bye.


My mother's name is Catherine Joy Allen. I was a senior graduating when she came up missing, so the last time I saw her was the 25th of May. She said the next time she would see me would be on June 3rd at my graduation and she never showed up.  And we don't know what happened to her. I don't have just a straight story to tell about my mom because I don't remember anything about her. She was living in the Wani Motel off of East Colfax in Denver and she was going through a lot of complicated issues at the time and she was just trying to get stable before she came up missing. It was not uncommon for my mother to not call us every single day. The last time she called was on June 2nd when I was out partying before my graduation the next day and she told my uncle that someone was after her because they had stole some drugs and if someone wasn't there to help her that she would not be there the next day and she never showed up at my graduation. Me and my sister were taken from my mom when I was 12. My mom was going through a rough patch. I do remember she was on drugs really bad. She was an alcoholic. I would say it was in the 80s where she was introduced to crack cocaine and so she was juggling those two. I was born in crack cocaine and heroin addicted at birth and they took me away from my mom and put me in a foster home and I was the last one with my mom and I never ever got to smell her hair. I don't remember anything when it comes to my mom. I honestly think somebody may have murdered her. I know that my mom definitely was murdered. I really do believe she's murdered and nobody wants to say anything. But I know that someone knows that my mother is dead and I know they know where she is. I believe people are great at keeping secrets especially when they're secrets like murder. But I know that my mother is dead. I know that she came up missing at the Awani Motel. I know that there were quite a few people that felt my mother come out of that hotel. Whoever did anything to my mom, just please, please give me closure. That's all I want. If you know anything, if you could just please call Crime Stoppers. You can remain anonymous. You don't have to tell them who you are. Any information will help. Somebody knows something and I want to know what happened. She's out there. She's out there. I just want my mom.


I'm reading a short story from my collection that I actually haven't read ever yet in at a reading, so and In shorthand it's sort of the battle between the FOB and the ABC. So you'll see it's told from two different narrators A woman from China another who's American-born Chinese So it's just an excerpt from my story for what they shared Boss struggled to unfold the canvas chairs while mossed it by with a stack of Chinese newspapers and a thermos of black tea Lynn frowned should she do it or let her father figure it out. I Yeah Mike's claimed his boss throughout his arm to stop her from falling lean back Lynn said lean back They were camping in Big Sur with brand new equipment purchased by Lynn and her husband sang on an evening shopping spree at REI They were software engineers and consequently respected good design to every feature a purpose Money-back guarantee Lynn still marbled though. They had lived in California for close to four years No wonder products made in China cost so much more here. They splurged knowing they could return whatever they did not like No purchase final that was the American way In China camping was considered a Western idiosyncrasy People did not buy expensive gear to sleep on the ground Why strived to be uncomfortable when you had a bed that your ancestors could only dream of? Although her parents had grumbled at the strange idea Lynn wanted to share this new experience with them So that they could see what life here meant to her and saying her parents wanted Lynn to return to China The economy was booming there while her future in Silicon Valley was uncertain Even wygerin foreigners were flooding into China to make their fortunes After earning her master's degree in computer science Lynn had worked at one failing startup after another Sangs company was struggling with rumors of massive layoffs. Maybe later this month None of them knew that Lynn lost her job not long before her parents arrived Instead of going to work. She hid at the library searching online for jobs and reading Chinese novels She'd been unable to find another company willing to sponsor her work visa Which meant she was now here illegally if she left she'd be unable to re-enter She was supposed to return with her parents at the end of their visit to attend her cousin's wedding But Lynn had decided that she and sang would stay no matter what she would work as a babysitter a house cleaner He could be a waiter a handyman anything until prosperity returned Lynn would always belong to dirty and cramped Beijing, but here she could give herself away If she returned to China She could already picture the rest of her life a baby living in a high-rise apartment near her parents She and sang advancing toward middle management growing old and playing with her own grandchild someday Comfortable but predictable Here there was discovery uncertainty and possibility So now we move into the next point of view When Janie mentioned she practiced Buddhism Eileen cringe White people who were more Chinese and her made Eileen feel guilty She had a Chinese character tattooed on her bicep, which Eileen didn't know how to read but probably meant peace courage or woman Everyone at the campsite had been drinking since sunset Downing micro brews and plastic cups of Cape Cods and rum and coax After dating read for about six months Eileen was meeting his old friends for the first time the ones he did not often See now but starred in his strongest fondest memories It turned out that she and Janie lived four blocks apart in the mission Janie told her about a mindfulness class in the neighborhood I'll have to try it sometime Eileen said She stared into the fire her cheeks flushed from heat and embarrassment. She almost didn't come on the trip She and Reed had been arguing all week They're biggest fight yet after she discovered a stash of porn on his hard drive in a folder labeled misch pics She had been snooping for photos of ex-girlfriends and found naked leggy red heads chesty blondes and smoky eyed brunettes No Asians. Why not anyone like her? She couldn't bring herself to ask You disgust me. She said and stormed into the bathroom through the locked door. He promised he would delete the files She could hear him breathing and imagined him with his ear to the door. She let him in Reed had never dated anyone Asian before her never learned to say Ni Hao Ma or Ni Piao Yang Never decorated his house with paper lanterns and that had appealed to her He didn't have yellow fever, but were these women on his hard drive what he desired most? Or maybe she had she had to admit she was moody because she suspected something worse Her period was late by two weeks Eileen wasn't sure why she had agreed to go on the trip Maybe it was easier to put off knowing for sure about the baby or maybe it was a test if they could survive the days Long intimacy she could tell him. If not, she would know it was over As a kid she never went camping or did Girl Scouts or Indian maidens Her parents idea of getting back to nature was to drive to a vista point take pictures and check into a best Western or Motel 6 By the camp campfire she examined the group a collection of people in their late 20s Clean cut and athletic and jeans fleece pullovers and baseball hats and designer running shoes The kind of people Eileen couldn't help but think who went to parties She wasn't invited to in high school to keggers where they played Steve Miller and Santana And then drove home drunk and crashed their SUVs into garage doors and received new cars the following week Who rushed sororities and fraternities in college and majored in polysci and anthropology and didn't grind away at pre-med or engineering Their histories were jumbled in Eileen's mind about what she was supposed to assume and what she could not let on that she did not that she knew What if they shut her out? What if she could not stand them? Eileen's a San Francisco native Announced to the group by way of introduction from San Francisco Sean asked you don't meet many natives Eileen felt a surge of pride although it was an accident of birth a decision made by her parents to settle in the sunset Talk turned to Takarias to the city's best burrito That question marked your authenticity your sense of belonging in San Francisco La Cronetta Eileen said she had taken read to the Takari around the corner from her apartment And now it was his favorite too. The shrimp super baby is awesome Eh Sean said El Feralito is much better more authentic This often happened transplants trying to out local the locals Men like Sean prided themselves on knowing every hole in the wall and would dismiss any suggestion for a restaurant or bar as being too touristy or too popular With each drink the conversations grew noisier sloppier and indistinct and everything except the decibel level Mike Janie's boyfriend threw the paper box that held the firewood into the pit For a moment the flames died down and then flared three feet high The heat was intense almost painful the flames churning the group a maniacal orange and casting blurry shadows onto their faces Someone cranked a portable stereo and the ominous beats of the inter-sandman thundered After a beer Eileen found the jokes and stories more entertaining She could feel herself getting red the asian flush Her goal was to get buzzed without getting sick or stumbling drunk Which could be the difference of one or two drinks on an empty stomach It might also be better to stop drinking if She was pregnant She switched to water drinking out of the same red plastic cup. So no one would notice Janie said the park's curfew was 10 p.m Each time the group silenced for a moment before growing louder than before And so this is meanwhile at the neighboring campsite. We return back to the first narrator Music from the neighboring campsite thundered through the ground jarring Lynn with each beat a buzz filling her ears They were laughing a growling rumble pierced by giggles and shrieks If she closed her eyes, she could see a million cars honking a riot breaking out in a market and the earth cracking apart Though she burrowed in her sleeping bag. She could not escape Her husband rolled over and whispered her in ear so loud so rude. It's not right What should we do? She asked She wanted to impress her parents, but could not have predicted this outcome How could she claim to know what was best for her in saying? And what if these campers had a gun Americans were crazy for guns? Only thin walls and faith kept them safe from the outside The Leatherman was on the picnic table. It's short knife their sole defense Lynn jerked on her sweatshirt. Where are you going? Lynn sang asked Lynn stumbled to the picnic table where she waved the flashlight until she found the Leatherman She clenched it in her right hand running her fingers over the casing in the twin grooves in the center She turned her flashlight to the noise across the road at the many people standing around the fire laughing Carefree careless Lynn could not see their faces only long shadows that bled into the darkness A towering man outlined by the fire jumped whooped and looked straight at her She fled Thanks