Good evening everyone. My name is Nishan. I'm a managing director and partner with BCG and I've had our practice out of Bangalore. I've been working in the automotive space for the last 16 years, both with new age as well as, you know, traditional OEMs. Let me set the context of the question first. We all know automotive industries undergoing, I would say, poor simultaneous revolution. First is the electrification of vehicles. Second is the whole connectivity vehicle and, you know, the previous session was also speaking about that. Third is shared mobility. And the fourth being autonomous driving, which obviously is in its, in very nascent stages. The whole scale of this change is at an unprecedented level, especially if you look back at the whole automotive industry, since its exception, all the big changes that have ever happened, I don't think has been at this point. And all of this is happening not just simultaneously, but at a very rapid pace, which has given the industry an opportunity to fundamentally get disrupted. And that's why we are here.  So thank you very much for being here. Let me start by, you know, first exploring why does, you know, the new age companies have an edge in this automotive era. So maybe the first question to you, Uday and, you know, Varun, me starting with Uday. Both of you are making products for the industry and you are directly competing with many of the incumbents who have developed automotive products for, I would say, decades. What according to you is the edge that you guys have as compared to them? Maybe Uday, we'll start with you and then Varun. Look, I think, first of all, thank you to entrepreneurs, you know, to hosting this event in Bangalore.  I think what I was going to say is that companies in the new age, it's like, you know, we are building technology. We are building products faster. I also think in this space, you know, before we were using sustainability, a lot of the big boys and girls didn't really believe in it. You know, Bajaj is one of the biggest players. I think he said something about having somebody for breakfast. I think, you know, in one of his statements. So I think there was a lack of belief in this space. And I think we're a lot of startups, whether it is OEMs, whether it's logistic players. We didn't go as far as everybody.  I think one thing that was supposed to change, I was a hedge fund manager for a very long time. I think the access to capital. You know, I don't think, Darryl, you being in UAE that time would have thought you'd be doing this today. But I think you've got access to capital. I think we were able to bring new technologies. We were able to do it quicker, faster. I think, you know, by the time the incumbents are going to do one thing, we're going to do tech. Now they have, they have huge capital. But I don't think capital is the only game, because if you're able to produce, if you're able to cave and assimilate and align forces, I think it gives us continuously, you know, an edge in, it takes time, because the structures they have, right?  Obviously, as we get bigger, we will also have that issue. But I think what I think we have is, I'll tell you two things first, we have the hunger. Next, I think a lot of us want to make a change. And, you know, we've got Arum. Arum, please man, come join us, man. Please, please.  You've been watching this guy for a long time, but I think, you know, Arum's come up. I'll give you a good example. Why is Arum today, today stuck? Because he came up with a technology which nobody had, and he was able to execute in a very short period of time, quicker, faster than everybody else. So I think, again, I'll just leave that with, I think, you know, we are continuously working on building, you know, new products faster and quicker, so I think having, you know, just being people doesn't mean honestly, they have a lot of money. But I think a quick reactionary force can probably take out an entire fleet of, you know, you know, why is Russia not able to do a good Ukraine? They have got 10 times, yeah, they continuously got a quick, faster technology oriented. Drones have been fighting it today, not tanks. So I think in this war of green energy sustainability, I think the least, for me, whether I win or lose, I don't matter. But as long as this country is clean and greener, I think I'm good with that.  Thank you. So again, yeah, I completely agree with what I said. But one more thing I would like to add is that the larger companies, they definitely disrupted the market when they came in first. But it's been a while since they have been the market leaders. And when you build a business that is that large, you're in the business of building better. You know, maybe your Honda Civic 2020 is better than 2019, 2021 will be better than 2020, and so on and so forth. So they definitely are better at building better. But what the new challenges or the change of direction needs is building different. I think that's where the DNA or the momentum of a large company really doesn't work in their favor. In fact, it hurts their ability to do different as opposed to doing better. And that is something that we definitely don't come with. That package is something that is not inherent to startups. What we do is really look at the problem and analyze what needs to be done. How do you solve a problem that grounds up with completely out of the box thinking. And that's what really gets you different problems. And problems today require different solutions. Wonderful. Welcome, Arun. Sorry. I had muscle traffic all the way from Hosea. We do need some innovation on the traffic side as well. So, you know, something for you all to think about. But since you're here now, I want to ask both you and Arun. You know, the same question, but slightly differently. You're more in the service business.  But of course, everyone, even the traditional companies are trying to get into this. Now, when you look at this, you know, yourself as a new age company trying to work on new technologies, as well as the traditional companies trying to get into. Again, what do you see your edge in this space now? I think a short introduction is important. What we do when integrated E-Mobility Logistics Service Provider, right? So we've been operating three wheelers and four wheelers on the cargo side, not the passenger side. Now, you did mention that there are a lot of big players who want to come into this game, right? So, fair. Modem Area is what we believe. Collaboration is what we believe in also. Now, but what has been stopping them from doing all this while? They have the vitamin M, they have the money power. They can just purchase like 5,000 vehicles and dump it in India and run the logistics. No, that does not work like that. We've been working with a lot of FMCG organizations, huge among the top three, top five FMCG companies. The existing combustion engine service providers that they have, they were the first people to in fact try electric vehicle for these companies. Unfortunately, they've not been able to service them. They tried, failed, tried, failed, tried, failed. Ultimately, the FMCGs had to reach out to startups such as Majanta. Why? Multiple reasons. A diesel or a petrol driver does not know how to drive an electric vehicle, right? Their frequent breakdowns, the range and all of that collapses. Point number two, for such big organizations, charging infra is one of the biggest entry barrier, right? It's not as simple as just putting a CNG for five minutes or 120 seconds or something. So this is a second point. And number three, these are very, very, very old school sort of operators, paper trails and telephone based. This is where the edge comes. We are the tech based company. Every inch the vehicle moves, it throws in hundreds of data points. Every second the charger is on, it throws another set of hundreds of data points. Combining all of these three things is something which a new start-up has an edge. That's mine. Yeah, well, Xperient we're an energy company, we're a full stack energy company. So we build batteries, charging, network, the full stack. So you get 15 minutes full charge. Why do we do this? And why do we think this is a start-up problem to solve? Bunch of reasons, right? A, money doesn't solve this problem. You can't bankroll your way into 10,000 charging stations. Well, you can, but each of them will still take a long time to charge. I mean, so fundamentally charging is a technology problem. It's not like petroleum, where fundamentally you're dealing with commodities. So it's really about trading on commodities, distributing commodities, transacting petroleum. That's easy.  All that has changed. Energy has now become a two-sided problem. Half the energy problem is actually on the vehicle, which is your battery. Half the energy system is now on the ground, your charger. And no amount of money solves this problem, right? So you've got to fundamentally get down to the brass stacks, solve really hard engineering problems at a battery level, at a charging level. So that's step one. This is a hard tech problem. It's a two-sided tech problem. A lot of utility companies approach this the wrong way. utility companies think, oh, because I generate electricity, I should be able to solve charging. It's actually fairly decoupled, right? Electrons behave the same for everyone. So fundamentally it comes down to, the grid is open for everyone, right? So it really comes down to who can build the best experience on the charging side, the best technology on the battery side, who can pair both of these and really deliver that seamless experience on a daily basis. So there's a technology problem, there's no pressure. And also on a daily basis, getting the right vehicle to the right charging station, that's a very consumer-intended-ish experience. That's the next figure, right? Like, where you have to manage all the Indian chaos on a daily basis and deliver that experience twice a day, twice a day for every user. So I think that fundamentally energy is changing. It's now fundamentally a tech problem. And I think that's why startups have a strong right to win. Great. Ma'am, you have an interesting position in this, right? I mean, you obviously work with all the new age players, but also with the traditional players. So what do you see the difference? Why the new age companies have an edge based on your experience? Thank you. Look, first of all, we have a lot to thank all the new age players, especially those in India. Because let's face it, it's the classic problem where traditional companies are the incumbents and they have something to defend. And whenever you are the incumbent, it's hard to expect innovation there to try and destroy your existing market where you have very high sun costs and you have assets that are already giving you very high returns. And it's because of new age companies that actually traditional companies are forced to also then innovate and also then get around to try to solve a lot of these problems. I think that's great in India right now, that you've got both traditional companies and new age companies pushing the boundaries on technology, pushing the boundaries on customer adoption and bringing right products to market and solving a lot of the challenges that the panelists spoke about. The way I contrast the traditional companies versus the new age companies, particularly on the OEM side, which is where we do a lot of work with all of them, traditional companies, even when they look at EVs, they look at it very similar to their existing markets, their existing business model, which is the ICE business model. They're playing off the conventional strengths that they have, which is brand equity, distribution network and of course very large R&D setup to be able to continuously bring new products to market. But when I see startups, new age companies, they have to compete differently and they are thinking of competing differently. And I think that because Indian consumers are very digital savvy, I think there lies an advantage actually for new age companies, which I think a lot of them are now getting, because traditional companies see their business model as a wholesale business model. Whereas if you see how Tesla today sells and which is what I think a lot of EV players in India are starting to also get, what you ideally want to do is build your customer base.  Now that's not how traditionally OEMs have ever looked at their business model. If you ask them, do you know who's bought your 2 wheeler or 4 wheeler or 3 wheeler, they would have no idea. They know how much sale the dealer or the distributor has picked up. And I think new age companies are starting to look at their business model differently and I think that's how they will end up being able to compete with the inherent strengths that I think traditional companies have. Wonderful. Let me move to the second aspect that I wanted to explore with all of you. Automotive industry and the entire world is moving towards what we call sustainable transformation which requires a lot of technology, innovation as well as investments. Maybe first to Varun and then to Dara. While you have a product, you also are having a service offering. Which areas do you see significant innovation happen from your perspective first Varun and maybe then Dara? Sure. When it comes to sustainability, I think it's undebatable that we need to move away from ICE. When you're thinking about carbon emission, again, you've heard a lot of arguments for it against this whole, the EV emits more carbon dioxide than natural ice vehicle with lifespan. I don't think it's really... You can argue both sides with data just as credible as the other. But in any case, if you are going to rely on ICE, there is just no starting point of reducing carbon emissions. And then which means that the option that we have right now is to move away from ICE but right now, battery operators, we don't have the hydrogen model or the fuel cell models that could potentially become monance tomorrow. But when you're coming to battery operated vehicles, again, depending on the problem that we're trying to solve, we have found that there are solutions that can work very differently from industry to industry. Like four wheelers are a different problem. Two wheelers are a completely different problem. For example, Arun's technology would benefit very well a four wheeler which you can now swap the battery out. It's a fairly large one. And charging that is really only a practical option that you have. And then if you can do it faster, then you take away a whole lot of college that are associated with electric vehicles like the Injunx IT and even battery life. And then there is a problem that you can solve with four wheelers. And the problem that you can solve with two wheelers is make the battery portable. You don't have to start the vehicle, or buy the vehicle with the entire range that you need to cover your highest case scenario. You don't need to have a battery that can do 200 kilometers a day if that's what you do only one day in your lifetime. If the use case is just 20 kilometers or 30 kilometers a day, then the better way of doing that would be to buy a smaller battery where you can just get your normal, complete day-to-day use case covered by it and have portable or a solvability as an option where you can cover your worst case with the network of portable or solvable batteries. So I think there are these new things that you can bring to a vehicle where you reduce upfront cost of a vehicle from what it is right now and make it much more lucrative than even an ice bike. So with a smaller battery you can look at a scooter for less than 60,000 rupees. There is no nothing you can buy for 60,000 rupees in the ice kind of a battery. So you can potentially increase the mobility access to a lot more people and make it sustainable for the environment. Let me start from the top, right? So I think last calendar year we sold about 16,000 electric vehicles. Sorry, my bad, 16 lakhs out of which 50% were two wheelers, right? Slightly higher than 50%. But the remaining 35-40% were three wheelers, right? And these three wheelers were passenger segment as well as the cargo segment, passenger being higher. Now that gives you a trend. Who are the mass adopters? So essentially I was reading the report where it said that 10% of India's carbon emissions are from road transportation, right? Tracking is one of the largest contributor to carbon emissions. This is probably one area that we need to target and tackle. Probably you solve a lot of bigger pieces around it in terms of curbing the carbon emissions. Yeah, so tracking and transportation is one area. Wonderful. My next question is for Uday and Arun for both of you.  I mean, you're going towards a new technology disrupting that. Hence, when you look at this entire automobile industry right now, and there are many technology innovations that are happening across, you've seen the world. What technologies are you most excited about? First of all, I'm excited about it goes down to the founders, right? Can they execute? There are a lot of people who can do it, but they can't actually do it. There are a lot of differences. Sorry, speaking of my Hindi here. Sorry Arun, I apologize, right? I keep telling you this. But by the time we have some good friendship, I'm going to make sure Arun speaks fluent Hindi with me. That's one of my KPIs for next year. But what I want to say is, you know, we have looked at many technologies, but what I do want to say is can they execute? Because at the end of the day, you know, our customers, you know, definitely want to see something that is long lasting, something that is quality, something that has service. So for me, you know, we align with multiple forces.  We've built something with CVT technology. I was just talking to you earlier.  It's like an Honda. You know, it's just the feeling of driving that vehicle will be completely different. We'll be spending, we spent almost two and a half years. It's ready. I'm just going now, and you know, we just want to check over the hills over what's going on. Can it actually carry 900 kg load? So I look at technologies which have a, which people can actually execute. That is extremely important.  It's clearly showing right now anybody who cannot, cannot get scared, cannot get long term. You know, technology is good, but you've got to choose the thing. I'll be honest with you. I'm not seeing the big boys and girls in this game adapt new technology. They're going, I'll give an example with battery tech. They're only going with fixed. I mean, really if you look at it, if I look at all the top two or three or four players, they're not going with, you know, fast charging. Yeah, you know, it's swap maybe one player and I think I hear that also is going to reduce. So I think, you know, we need to be able to, you know, I want to be aligning forces with people that are giving me scale, that'll give me the technology that is continuously able to develop. Because what works today, I don't know, I think you can talk about it. What works today, maybe two years later doesn't work. Right? I've worked with some players that have been, that have had great technology. But two years later, they're still sitting there. And I think they're SOL, right? And I think so. I think that's an extremely important part and I think I want technology that can really change the lives of people. And not just in tier one, two, three, four cities, to tier one cities, but two, three and four. Only then, you know, when I see, and I know Magenta's doing this, if I see Magenta in tier three and four cities, you know, apart from, you know, Bangalore or Delhi or, you know, Chennai. For me, if myself or somebody else can give them that technology where they can execute scale in those places, then only can we be really successful. And that's only, at the end of the day, we actually got to make money. And if you don't make money long term, you only do that many rounds. So I think that's where it's important. Thank you. Yeah, man. I think because in this space, the vehicle side of technology has come to a place where it's fairly, it's superior. It's better than everything. Of course, not perfect, a lot more room to improve. But I think there are two, three layers around energy technology, financing technology that I think will sort of be the next set of innovations needed. So everyone has access to EVs, and it could be swap, it could be rapid charging, it could be a different layer of financing on top of it. But I think to pick on one point, we're not on the zero to one phase anymore, right? And I think the, I think hard to realize is India has never built high tech products at scale ever. So we've either made satellites or soap, right? Satellites, you make one a year or defense tech, you make one two a year. There's no cost constraint. There's no supply chain complexity. There's no scale up complexity. Or you make soap or art, right? So like, it is actually the first time. If you look at automotive, we've always been given hand it out platforms, right? So either a Japanese or a German counterpart, we've sort of done the 1,000 to 10,000 journey. We've never done the 1 to 100, 100 to 1,000 journey. So this is the first time India is actually going through this learning curve. So finding the right talent, finding the right systems, finding the right people, finding the right capital to sort of scale this up. I think that would be the focus, I think for a lot of us in India. And India is a hard place to build EVs for. Temperature conditions, road conditions, grid conditions, price points, most of us don't park at home. So how are you going to charge your vehicle, right? So there is so many unique constraints about India. It's a fairly old constraint problem. It's like how we create UPA, just innovate the world of Vintec. So India's really got a thing out of the box. And not really focusing on zero to one tech. Well, a lot of people get prototype, right? I think how do you, prototyping is easy. It's really how do you scale things up and start, you know? Hello. And of course, the size of the market is large enough for people to experiment on this, right? So maybe moving on to bank and, you know, I don't kind of spoke about this point that while one, from one side, it's about creating these technologies and developing these powers. The other side is actually the adoption. So, you know, what are you seeing in terms of the biggest hurdle from the customer side in adopting some of these new age restrictions? So we have the vantage point that we get about 60 million monthly active users across our different platforms on cars, bikes, trucks, tires. And here's a statistic that I can share with you that if we all know that in the two-wheeler industry, EVs as a percentage of two-wheeler sales is roughly about 5% at the moment. And it's been that now for some time. Paying for subsidy changes have sort of dampened the growth of that. But if you actually look at the digital searches and the traffic that we generate for EV two-wheeler vis-a-vis what we generate for ICE two-wheeler, EVs are actually more like 15%. And that tells you that Indian consumers are, you know, there's a lot larger market than what we are serving right now. Likewise, when we look at cars, right now EV car sales in India are roughly about 2% of total car sales in India. But when I look at the traffic and I see the searches and the, you know, on EVs, that's roughly about 10% for cars. So then the natural question is, well, why is the market not 10% in cars or 15% in bikes today? And I think particularly in bikes right now, the hurdle is the price difference between an ICE vehicle and an EV vehicle, which has not really been helped due to the fail-to-subsidy change which suddenly took up, you know, upfront costs by about roughly 25-30%. And I think that is something that, you know, a lot of OEMs will need to figure out at least in the short term how to address. Because in the long term, we know that as battery prices come down because of economies of scale, you know, OEMs over time will slowly start to pass on that benefit to consumers. That will help consumer adoption very soon get to that 15% and further as well. But I think in the short term as well, I think there needs to be a bridge strategy. That can, and there can be various ways of addressing that. You know, it could be maybe, say, giving guaranteed buyback on EVs in order to be able to address that question or perhaps, you know, sharing the risk across with many other stakeholders in the industry who have a stake in growing the industry. I think that's something which could work as well. Or for that matter, maybe changing the ownership model. Perhaps, you know, bikes on subscription could be one way of addressing the high upfront cost as well. I think on the class side, it's more a question of the right offerings not getting there. So there is a very high degree of interest, but naturally right now you just have a couple of OEMs that have a portfolio where about 40 to 50% of their portfolio comes with an electric drive train. But I think give it another maybe 18 months and I think as that offer, that choice goes in cars, we will start to see that adoption start to grow there. So, but I think it's interesting in the two wheeler space. The other thing that is, that I just maybe just leave my panel here who are all brilliant innovators is cracking the motorcycle segment. Because motorcycles today are roughly about 70-80% of the Indian market. And while we certainly see the scope for scooter adoption to happen, how do you crack the motorcycle segment? And there are a few companies that have tried this, but I don't think people have as yet been able to solve that problem. I think once that happens, that's going to be very exciting. Thanks, Mike, for sharing that. I think we are close to the end, but let me squeeze in one more question. In any industry or any market, when you introduce anything new, product, service offering, new technology, it takes time for customer to really accept it. And often you see the growth is very slow for a certain period of time and then there comes an inflection point beyond which it all takes off. So, very short answer. Given the possibility of, and I'll go one by one, where do you think we are in this journey right now, especially towards EV sustainable transformation? Are we there near the inflection, still time to go, maybe a short answer from each of you. So, it's really difficult to answer because the change happens very quickly when it does. The world went from just horses to cars very quickly, 15 years before horses were just a thing of the past. I think there are going to be some markers around how EV adoption is really going to go in the Jacob where the growth would be exponentially on day. I think one of them would definitely be on the financial aspect of it, where the financiers are more comfortable lending and really taking risks on EV ownership. The other one would be definitely around pre-owned EV sales.  Those are the things, something that builds confidence. Range anxiety is another thing that, when it addressed right, could kick the EVR in the right direction of objective. So these things, when they happen, I think nothing's going to be stopping the adoption. Very quickly, two parts to this question. Number one, I think the biggest issue at Magenta is the lack of vehicles, which has the right form factor. Today we are limited to a sub one ton category. We barely have any vehicles which services one and a half ton, two and a half ton, 6.5 ton, 15 ton, 25 ton, 38 ton and 55 ton. Nobody has those segment of vehicles. Nobody is even addressing those problem statements. So today I think there is demand in the market. People want to try out EVs, but unfortunately we do not have the right product. Point number two, sustainability is just a buzzword in the board. When it comes to people who call the shots on the ground, their top KPIs, cost of logistics. Electric vehicles, operating electric vehicles still happens because of the initial cost of investment and the TCOs. It is still expensive than the TCOs who run Tata Aces and Chota Hathis and Bada Hathis. So these are the two problem statements that needs to be answered. I'll give you a short answer. I think this is not a T20 match, the EV industry in India. I think it's more like a test match. And I think I sort of echo what I was saying earlier as well. So I think the players that have the stamina for the long run, I think those are the ones that will do really, really well and be the ones who end up dominating this industry for a very, very long time. But I think it's important that we all understand that we have to gear up for the long haul here. Technology will keep evolving and a lot of innovation is needed, not just in the technology, but I think in the overall ecosystem for the industry to grow in the right fashion. So yeah, let's see this as a test match. Probably we are in day one, session three at this point. That's a good word. Look, I think I'll absolutely second what my ex-son is talking about. I'll tell you what, at least for me coming out, this journey is a long one. I know Rome isn't built in one day, but we want Rome to be built every day here. But I will tell you the conversation that Darryl and others are talking about in terms of supply, but also in terms of service, quality. I think that's the space. We're working on something new, on load, on e-trucks. I think there's something coming in passenger. I talked to you about how about Jarsopar. Just wait on that. On the passenger side, something big we're going to do. We're going to change. And I'm saying it's not just OSM. I want everybody, everybody to be and build in the ecosystem. I think if we can give this, I think this rage anxiety game, now I think this young man here is going to change that. I really think, I ask all of the guys, all of you, watch this guy, put some money in with this guy. He's got some good ideas and he's executing on the ground. He's shown it in Bangalore. I hope to work with him some day in the future. He's somebody who is working on charging. The financing is being worked on. I see a lot of work being done there. I do see whether it's green energy. I know how you said it's a buzzword, but I do see a lot of work done. I see a lot of green plates when four years ago we didn't have. I see that it's great to see that we change this country. And I think with all the players here, with all the work that's being done, I think I wish everyone would be a room and new ideas, or Darryl, or Max, or even you, you're a young man, so I don't even want to say this. But every one of you work on this and I think hopefully Baha'a Jitega, we will win. Thank you very much. I don't know some last thoughts from you. I think we're so far beyond the inflection point. I think, I mean, we just look at penetration in a couple of segments. We look at mind share. Before this week, if you told someone, and you need to be faster in petrol vehicles or diesel vehicles, they would think you're on something, right? So today it's 15% penetration in three-wheelers. If you look at Bangalore, Delhi, more than 50% of three-wheelers sold are electric. Already sold. I don't think we should be discussing inflection points anymore. There are detractors, cost, flexibility, financing, ownership. A lot of problems to be solved. It's not perfect. But that's also the opportunity for all of us to get together. That's why we're all here. Wonderful. Gentlemen, we are towards the end of our session. Thank you very much for sharing your thoughts. You are the change makers in this industry and wish you all the best for disrupting the industry. A big round of applause, please. Thank you.


Hey everybody, welcome to the Wallach Way. I'm Jessica. Today's video is going to be our spring homeschool favorites. So I don't know about you guys, but I have found that in our homeschool each season, there tends to be some things that really stick out, things that are our favorites, things that we tend to return to over and over and over again. So I like to come on here at the end of the season and share with you guys some of the things that were our absolute favorites that we hands down have loved and want to suggest to you. So it always, almost always ends up being books, games, and maybe something else. And it's no exception for this spring. I'm gonna start with Emily's favorite. Her absolute favorite books are the Kitty books. These have hands down been her favorite. There are five in the series so far. Book five was just released, I think about a month ago. So there are five books in the series. And she has loved them. Kitty is this girl who is a superhero. The books are fun and colorful and lively. They were easy reads. I think she's probably read them at least two times, maybe even three. She just keeps returning to them. She's absolutely loved them. If I'm being honest, they're super cute. She's read them aloud to me and I think they're cute. So I highly recommend these. They've definitely been a favorite. And I actually mentioned donating them and she said no, she was gonna read them again. So we are apparently keeping them because we love them. Our favorite read aloud series has been Escape from Mr. Limoncello's library. Now I bought the first one over last summer because I intended to read it aloud. It was one of the books I wanted to read aloud. And I didn't actually read it aloud until I think maybe two months ago. Emily even took a book club class on Mr. Limoncello's library with Mary Hanna-Wilson from Celebrate a Book and loved it. And then after that was over, she said, Mom, I really wanna finish reading the series because I loved it so much because most of the books that I had picked from this school year were a book series. And she knew that and she knew that after we read one if she really loved it, we could read more of them. Some she decided to do that, some she didn't. But Mr. Limoncello's library was not only one she wanted to read more of, but we ended up finishing out the rest of the series. So there is also five books in this series and they are all fantastic. So you have Escape from Mr. Limoncello's library, Mr. Limoncello's library Olympics, Mr. Limoncello's Great Library Escape, I'm sorry, Race, Mr. Limoncello's All Star Breakout, and Mr. Limoncello and the Titanium Ticket. So those were hands down the whole family's favorite. I mean, she thought they were super cute. I loved that there was so many references to great pieces of literature within it and I think she loved that too because they would say something like about Harry Potter or about an author she knew like EBY or Roald Dahl and she was like, Mom, I know them. Mom, I know that book and it just really excited her. So that was really like cool because it gave us even more things to talk about and more things to explore in our own library. And then there was even some authors or books that were mentioned that she hadn't heard of that she was like, oh, Mom, can we make a list from these books of books that we might wanna look into reading? So it was one that was really awesome that provided some really cool rabbit trails. So if you like rabbit trails, you're gonna love those books. Okay, normally I come on here and I share my favorites and my favorites are almost always like homeschool or mom books because I tend to read that type of thing. This spring, I don't know what it was. Maybe it's the pandemic. Maybe it was just life. Maybe I needed to read a book that was scarier than what we were living. I don't know, but I fell madly in love with psychological thrillers and that's been the main type of thing that I have read and so my favorites, I only have two of them to show you because I've loaned them all out to my mom and making her read them, have been Lisa Jules. I've read, let's see, then she was gone. I found you, the family upstairs watching you, the house we grew up in. So I know I've read at least those five. I feel like there's another one my mom has that I've read but I will leave them all in the links in the description box for you but I have not read any of hers yet that I did not absolutely love. They're easy, they're quick reads and I just find them really appealing. If you don't like that kind of thing then you won't like it at all but if you do, make sure you check out Lisa Jules. So sorry, I don't have a homeschool mom book for you. I just totally needed something different. I needed a distraction. Okay, on to the games. You actually saw this game in our winter favorites and I debated not even putting it in here because you saw it in our winter favorites but then I decided you needed to see it because it's been a favorite for both seasons and who cares if you already saw it? So the first game I have to show you is Prime Climb. It has been a favorite, it has been coming out almost at every game night which is surprising because educational games don't always get picked on game nights. So I would say that that means this game is a double win because not only is it educational but apparently it's a really fun game that your family can play even when you don't have to play an educational game because on family game nights we don't pick from subjects or whatever but it keeps getting picked and we actually all enjoy it not just one or two of us, we all really enjoy it.  Another favorite, that's probably really loud. Oh no, it's not, is Up Words. So it is very similar to Scrabble except you can stack the letters on top so you can literally have your words change, sorry that was really bright, change as you stack.  This has probably been my favorite, I really like word games and I have also found that it has been really, really fantastic for sneaky spelling practice because Emily is like constantly trying to figure out how many letters she can use and she is trying to change words that are already there or it's been really, really, really great for spelling practice. So if you're looking for one that's fun for your family and you wanna sneak some spelling practice in that's definitely it. The other two games that have become favorites, one has been on our shelf for ages but it took us like until a few months ago to learn to play it and then we've been playing it on repeat and that is Photo Synthesis. My sister and brother-in-law had to come over and teach us to like run us through a game and then after that we have absolutely loved it. It's fantastic. You have these adorable little trees and all the different sizes and you're trying to grow your tree. Like look aren't those so cute you guys and you're trying to go through all of the different phases as the moon or as the sun is rotating and it's just, it's a lot of fun and it still also has that educational value because you have to do certain things and go through the stages of Photo Synthesis and what the trees do. So that one's really fun because of that. And the other one is along the same lines and it is Planet which is also by Blue Orange. This is another one that once we finally learned to play Photo Synthesis I was like, okay we like this so we like those type of games so we got Planet recently and it has been played on repeat too. Emily loves it because you get these little, I don't know, it's not a sphere. I don't know what shape it is but you guys it looks kind of like a sphere but they're magnetic so you have all of these different tiles and you're building your own planet with them. It is a lot of fun and it has some educational value to it. You have to score your own stuff at the end and you have to pay attention to the different animals and what areas they live in. And so there's a lot of education to this one too. I really, really like them both. Sorry. What else I like is that both of those games play and you do like 10 or 12 rounds so they're quick and you're like keeping to go like drafting and moving and you're taking turns so they're very fast paced games. I mean not like speed games but they're fast paced because you're like doing things frequently. So they're not one where you're like sitting there waiting forever like upwards could be if your opponent is taking forever to think of a word. It seems fast paced and I like that. The other thing that I have actually two things that I have I can't show you and they are educational apps and podcasts. And I say that because if you know anything I just told you at the end of school year video which I will link right here for you guys. You know that I said that here in the last few months we were kind of over all of the togetherness that we have been getting. We actually even took a spur of the moment trip because we just needed to leave before we killed each other. So anything that was enabling her to learn in her own space was very, very useful, fantastic and a favorite this spring. And so that happened to be educational apps and podcasts because those were easy ways for her to put her headphones on and kind of play quietly and be listening and me still be able to say oh you got science done today or you know whatever. So if you're in the same situation or you just want to bookmark it for later I will leave a link in the description box down below to our favorite podcasts for learning and 60 educational apps that you can use in your homeschool just in case you know you need some alone time too. So that's it. That is our homeschool favorites this spring. And like I said I will leave links in the description box for everything that you've seen here today. And now I would love to know what have been your favorites from this past season in your homeschool. Let me know in the comments because well maybe I need to pick some of them up.


Good evening. This is crime classics. I am Thomas Highland listen The man in non-descript uniform dropping stones into that well is a mercenary soldier More recently a deserted He's testing the depth of the well the only way he knows since the length of rope is not immediately available and More complicated machines are as yet undiscovered This is the year 1778 and the deserter is named James Buchanan Next to him is his friend another deserter whose name is William Brooks These men are in the employ of Mrs. Basci baspooner of Brookfield, Massachusetts whose well it is Mrs. Spooner will pay these men immediately. They deposit the body of her murdered husband right down there and Tonight my report to you on the crime of Basci baspooner the first woman to be tried for murder in the United States Crime classics a new series of true crime stories Taken from the records and newspapers of every land from every time Your host each week. Mr. Thomas Highland connoisseur of crime student of violence and Teller of murders Now once again Thomas Highland the place is Brookfield, Massachusetts the year 1778 seen The home of Joshua and Basci baspooner a large and respectable dwelling two stories in height Situated on the north side of the road from Brookfield to Worcester In the front of it and nearly opposite on the south side of the road are stately elms and a well And in the living room, there's this What manner of woman are you bascuba? There's no content in you and no happiness and what happiness have you given me a life that dies quickly Cooking and sewing and from you drunk and sleep and you've not answered me You would like to see me dead. Would you not listen to me, Joshua? Well, when you returned this morning from Worcester, my heart sank in me I'd hoped you wouldn't come back that I would have an accident that in some way I would be killed yes that you would be free then yes to walk the town newly widowed with a wandering eye and you listen true I am your husband and I'm your lover and that's the way things are Ezra Ezra I've been waiting Bathsheba wait no more waiting Bathsheba The time I was away from you with your husband in Worcester the thinking about you and they'll be more waiting Until it's done until you kill him. I tried but I could not he asked me a question my husband did What manner of woman are you he asked now?  I I through the poison away With no courage Bathsheba speak my name and bedevil yourself with it.  You've seen her hating you've seen her loving There's more you should know She was the sixth child of an illustrious man general rugles The general was a man of great wealth and lived in the style of unusual luxury for that day He kept 30 horses and had a park of 20 acres for deer and a pack of hounds for the amusement of numerous visitors He was a man intensely loyal to the British crown and never hid his loyalties And so at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, he was forced to give up his estate and to leave the country His married life was also pretty bad and he and his wife did not set a good example to his children in their conjugal relations Bathsheba sprang from that kind of a household Her loyalist background in time of war and the very fact of the name she had Bathsheba Were sufficient cause for the town in which she lived to view her with alarm But keep this in mind Bathsheba Spooner is going to murder her husband How? Well, let's see how time and motive and circumstance Conspire to get a man violently dead the man Joshua Spooner Let's pick him up and see what he's doing It's the same evening and since it's after dark. He's drinking and in Brookfield There's only one public house in which to drink Cooley's tavern and that's where he is Oh, no, no, no doctor Then what would you do the trap general be going very simple hand me your tanker dr. King now and here This spoon the line of March of begot And your tanker than mine two sections of the troops of general what in there? No, that's how we take care of general burglar Yeah Joshua Spooner talks of strategies and drinks his ale but mark this Near the bar another table two men men in nondescript uniforms Deserters from the army of general Burgoy their names James Buchanan and William Brooks They've made known the fact that they've deserted the enemy so their drinks are on the house and the appreciative customers They're having a fine time drink to drink your ale will Make me a toast and I'll drink with you and it's okay. You shall get Burgoyne is a scurvy louder will load or else we'll pay for our own ale. Aye That toast your toast to that scurvy plump bellied burgoy may you rot in the wilderness? That is if he don't drown coming across this in london Gentlemen and the merry evening to you Joshua Spooner is my name That would do me proud if you would commit me. He'll is what we're drinking sir for the Patriot and Patriots we are indeed a goodness. Oh, yes, we joined general Washington, sir and his colonials. You should know that From here we go to Worcester where a column of Washington's heart is a Oh Are you? True. Yes, sir. And thanks to you my place Willy but your tanket is dry and so is my if you will permit me gentlemen It would be my pleasure my pleasure indeed It would be mr. Spooner's pleasure indeed to buy the lads more ale as was the custom True it was 28 but the etiquette was the same nothing too good for our boys and The deserters in Cooley's bar were off to join our boys as a matter of fact It was mr. Spooner's pleasure to direct James Buchanan and William Brooks to Worcester to become soldiers in Washington's army It just happened that one of the landmarks that mr. Spooner gave the lads went something like this Mark you a pile of elms and a well and across the road from it my house When you pass there you will be leaving Brookfield, and you will know you're on your way We'll have another ale before you leave. You're a gentleman if I ever met one Oh, it's true one James my lad a real jet So They touched tankers the deserters and Joshua Spooner and they made tearful farewell and The deserters left and walked the road toward where the elms were and the house and a well Let's go on ahead of them. Let's get back to the lady That she does home that she does fixing her hair and the youth as well He's tying into it night ribbons a lover's Their gesture their talk, however is shocking perhaps you're right Perhaps the best way is not to poison him. I say shoot him perhaps in such a way to make it appear as an accident Will you shoot him as well? But tightly with the ribbon dear Ezra I Have not the courage for it, but you know of guns and shooting you were in the army for a year I marched I shot no one. I marched upon an ambush and was wounded myself. I never pulled a trigger If not you to kill him Ezra then someone Yes Turn from your mirror baths. She won't look at me Do you hear yes drunkards Someone go to the window Rockets two of them by the moon British deserters. I've seen them in town A lady wants to talk to you let them in Ezra He baths she was Booner who greeted the deserters must have been quite a sight tall long hair and blue ribbons There must have been a fire in the fireplace and in all probabilities. She was standing in front of it Her manner was gracious and she was smiling Ezra served the liquor all in all it was the nicest thing that could possibly have happened to two fellows who had deserted general Burgoy And now gentlemen a question we bow bow James mad Say oh my lady How would you gentlemen like five hundred pounds to see you on your long journey? Mirhan old would warm the cockles. Wouldn't it will toward does that answer you my lady? And what would you do for it? There is nothing that will and I have not done and for less handsome payment from less handsome women Kill my husband this lad the one you call as Come here lad the next to skinny ones don't take long for twistin Not him not Ezra not him They know My husband will return from his drinking Will you wait for him kill him when he returns meet him outside at the door and Greet him Will you not only for the money dear lady? But with the pleasure of your presence to two tired soldiers Right Jane.  He will get the woman and the one she calls Ezra. Hi And a tiny job if I say so myself Mrs. Pooner and now he's dead What will you do with him? There's a well across the road. I Give a sign James and you Walk with you. It's a deep well poor little man and That's how Joshua Spooner died and That's how Bashiba Spooner killed him. You are listening to crime classics and your host Thomas Highland And now once again Thomas Highland and the second act of crime classics and his report to you on the crime of Bathsheba Spooner listen to this It's awful and dread this tale that I tell Joshua Spooner lies dead in a well in Brookfield town in 78 from six doubt wax across the page Small poem by an anonymous contributor to the Worcester spy the local newspaper of the day a Change of scene now across the road from a cold well into a warm living room tableau for people Mr. Spooner was such an elegant man What will become of these clothes in his closet and his horse? You may have them Come away from the window batship Here to me close The stars are dancing You're shivering you cold Will is very weary widow Spooner will not go on to Worcester tonight Then wait till morning you can make a place for yourselves in the barn But the money we'll have now and the clothes and the oars Yes, all of it as Rob. Yes in the morning. You will go to Cooley's tavern Inquire of Joshua tell them he's not been home Tell them I'm frantic for his welfare Yes Good night gentlemen a Very good night I've been sent to inquire of Joshua Spooner Who sent you the wife of in Bathsheba? Did she not why last night? He did not return home and Mrs. Spooner is frantic for his welfare not home. Well, he's not here last night He sat right there my lad and discussed military strategies with the doctor then to the best of my knowledge Dr. King dr. Dr. Wake wake up Please dr. Wake up. It's important What is it what where is Joshua Spooner where is he mr. Cooley says he sat with you last night As he did it and left me he's not home Mrs. Spooner sent me to fetch him. She's trouble that he's not returned But where else could he have gone if not to his wife? We must find him doctor. Yes. Yes. Well mean Ezra did that very well with the precise shading of alarm in his voice the concern a man on an errand for a troubled lady Everybody was impressed mr. Cooley closed his bar Dr. King appealed to the neighborliness of the other customers and everybody went looking for Joshua Spooner Immediately they called on Mrs. Spooner whom they found in the greatest apparent distress Upon an examination of the premises in the neighborhood of the doorstep They observed the tracks of several persons on the snow and on further search. They found mr. Spooner You know where in the well So far only horror and suspicions But now let's pick up Willie and James They haven't left Brookfield Stupid of them, isn't it? But then you've got to examine it from their point of view Why become soldiers in Washington's army? Especially in the winter and suffer the privations of the military when they could be warm and rich as a civilian So imagine it To tattered a million deserters suddenly elegant in mr. Spooner's clothes, which were somewhat tight fitting But elegance and tight fitting are somehow akin Now they lived in Brookfield a certain wench whose name is lost in history This much is known about her. She had an eye for tight elegance This much is known about her too that she went riding with Willie and James on their newly acquired horse James How is it we are riding mr. Spooner's horse? Why dearie we don't know a mr. Spooner Mr. Spooner's silver buckle These are our clothes dearie come. Let's ride some more. It brings the pink to your pretty cheeks The cat was out of the bag the girl told her mother and her mother her father And it so happened that her father was at that moment on his way to look for the murderers of Joshua Spooner So the father told some neighbors and they located James and Willie brought them all together The two deserters Ezra and Basheba and this is what happened government and people of Massachusetts Bay in New England On their oath present that William Brooks and James Buchanan and Ezra Ross in the county of Essex Not having God before their eyes and assault did make upon Joshua Spooner Poloniously willfully and of their manners of forethought on the first day of March last past With force and arms also by striking beating and kicking a force at Joshua Spooner So as to inflict several mortal bruises of which Joshua Spooner died and that Bathsheba Spooner widow And late wife of Joshua Spooner being seduced by the instigation of the devil did in sight move a vet Counsel and procure the murder of a force at Joshua Spooner How do you plead not guilty not guilty not guilty What statement have you but she was Boona I Am the wife of a deceased if what you accuse me of be true What end could the death of my husband serve whether any reasons persuading hopes Inviting or advantages arising from the death of my husband Depriving myself of husband. I would subject myself to the burdens of a widow If I hated my husband as such has been said could I not have separated from him gone to my father or to my brothers What foolishness is this to say? I've loved Ezra Ross when one of my station might have any gallant I please Gentlemen if I be guilty I was not of sound mind Essex greetings We command you that on Thursday the fourth day of June next between the hours of 12 and 4 of the clock in the afternoon You've caused William Brooks James Buchanan Ezra Ross and Bathsheba Spooner to be conveyed from our jail where they are now in your custody to the usual place of Execution and rare to be hanged by the neck until their bodies be dead The motive the crime and the sentence Justice was simple and quickly too quickly for the four prisoners the fourth day of June This is a copy of the Worcester spy dated that day that I have here. I'd like to read from it It was about half past two of the clock in the afternoon When the four criminals were brought out of prison and conducted to the place of execution under a guard of 100 men The three men went on foot Mrs. Spooner was carried in a shades being then as she had been for several days exceedingly feeble The procession was regular in solemn Just before they reached the place of execution one of the most terrific thunderstorms that had incurred within the memory of the oldest Inhabitant darkened the heavens They're followed an awful time The loud shouts of the officers amidst the crowd of five thousand people The horses pressing upon those in front the shrieks of the women in the tumult and confusion Slowly advancing to the fatal three preceded by the dismal The fierce forestations of the lightning afford the darkened horizon quickly followed by loud peals of thunder Inspired together and produced a dreadful scene of horror It seemed as if the author of nature had added such terrors to the punishment of the criminals as Might soften the stoutest heart of the most obdurate and abandoned At length the place of execution having been reached Ross Buchanan and Brooks ascended the ladder to the stage Ross made an audible prayer The other two were engaged in silent devotions until they faced the noose Mrs. Spooner as she approached the tree was seen to bow gracefully to many of the spectators with whom she had been acquainted Then she crept up the ladder on her hands and knees When the eyes of the malefactors were covered and all was ready Mrs. Spooner took the sheriff by the hand and for the first time Vashiba Spooner accepted the verdict of justice My dear sir, I am ready the little time I expect to be in bliss and But a few years must elapse when I hope I shall see you and my other Friends again. That's the way the newspaper recorded it This has been my report of the crime of Vashiba Spooner the first woman tried and executed for murder in the United States


Ruger GP 100 match champion in 10 millimeter. The GP 100 is an overbuilt revolver. It's got some weight behind it but it sure does function nice. Beautiful stainless steel look with Hogue wood grip 4.2 inch barrel. Very impressed with this.


Okay. So calculate the equilibrium concentration of ammonia if you've got 8.0 times 10 to the negative 2 molar nitrogen at equilibrium, 5.0 times 10 to the negative 3rd hydrogen at equilibrium, and the equilibrium constant is what we figured out in the last problem, 0.5 naught. So all you really have to do is solve for ammonia here. So you're going to get all of this stuff on that side. So in order to do that, you want to isolate the variable of ammonia, right? So you're going to multiply by N2, right? Multiply by H2 cubed. What? Yeah. Multiply by H2 cubed, right? So N2, and that's going to cancel there, and it's going to come to this side, right? So now we're going to have concentration of N2 times the concentration of H2 cubed times K equals concentration of NH3 squared, alright? In order to get that square out of there, you've got to take the square root of both sides. That cancels that. So yeah. So this is the expression you're going to use. So equation of NH3 is going to equal the square root, the concentration of N2, which is 2 times H2, 5.0 times 10. So the equilibrium concentration for ammonia that I got was 7.7 times 10 to the negative fifth mold. So if you didn't do that, you probably did something wrong on your calculator.


I was just going to the child hall to get some breakfast and we hear the Marine in 7 Charlie call up, a woman was just run over by a car. On that day I was a guard duty officer. Once I realized that all the Marines had a job, myself and Corporal Bowen moved to coming over the plan to get the car up. From there, I just know we have to get the car off of her so I go to the trunk of the car, myself and another Marine grabbed the jack out from the trunk. Corporal Bowen moved to get a jack from outside of the trunk of the car that was on the woman and I moved over to a civilian who actually had stopped to help us and grabbed his jack. And as soon as I grabbed the tire iron, I started jacking the car up from the rear and Staff Sergeant Belko proceeds the run over to a civilian's car, grabbed their jack from their vehicle and then start jacking up the front of the car. By the time we had a jacked up, fire and EMS were already on scene, they pulled their out from underneath and we just kind of handed the scene over to them and just went into crowd control and we're there for whenever they needed us. When you first pull up to the scene like that, your mind's racing because the rarity of someone actually being trapped under the vehicle is pretty rare, but she was actually trapped. We saw her entrapped as we pulled up and you start initially thinking about what you need to do to get her out, what kind of tools in your game plan before you can assess her. I think honestly their actions were integral to reducing the amount of time it took for us to take care of that victim. They had the scissor jack out and we're already working on lifting the car off the victim. That allowed us to come in and move the victim out and start getting an assessment a lot quicker. The immediate feeling was just relief. Once I just informed all the guys, they were all just felt the exact same, just absolutely relieved that she made it out okay and we were just happy to get the good news. Honestly, if they hadn't done what they have done, it could have delayed care for that patient. We're always taught in the fire service when we talk about EMS and trauma care that getting those victims after doing a proper assessment, getting them to the right place quickly and they absolutely helped us do that that day. It made me feel great, but I knew that it wasn't just us. It was a direct team effort. We had neighbors that come, passerbys had stopped to help. We had fire and EMS come and Marines run to the sound of the gun. So it didn't surprise me at all that the Marines were there.


Welcome to English in a Minute. You already know there are seven days in a week. But what is the IT in this expression? Jonathan, I've been working on this project for the past 15 hours. I am so tired. 15 hours? I think it's time to call it a day off. I can't stop now, Jonathan. I must get this done. The other half of the project isn't due until next month. Really? Yeah. Call it a day, Anna. To call it a day means to finish doing something for now. This expression is usually used when talking about a person's work day. From the looks of it, Anna probably should have called it a day a few hours earlier. And that's English in a minute.