What is up you guys welcome back to another one if you are new to the channel I'm GoPony and today we are in the new 2020 Mazda 3 courtesy of Jack G and Volvo Mazda in York P.I. I'm super excited to be at this one right now. First thing I noticed these seats are bolstered beautifully certainly holding me tight in place I'm feeling this is going to be a fun one. Another reason I wanted to check this one out though is consumer reports to give it an above average reliability rating which is always a good thing little peace of mind there and there are actually some changes for the 2020 model year. So what do you say let's go ahead and jump right into it and as always let's start with pricing. And so as expected there will be several different trim levels for the 2020 Mazda 3 first one being the base sedan starting at $21,500 and by the way that is a $500 increase over the 2019 model year. Then you have the select sedan starting at $22,700 preferred sedan starting at $24,200 and premium sedan starting at $26,500 and so I broke those prices down of course with them being the sedan variant there is actually a hatchback version of the Mazda 3 as well. If you wanted the hatchback version of the base trim at $2100 if you wanted the hatch of the preferred or premium trims at $1,000 and if you wanted all wheel drive configured up to either the select sedan preferred or the premium because those are the three trims you can get all wheel drive with you can't get them with the base unfortunately but simply have $1,400 to any of those prices and that's really a big selling point with the Mazda 3 right now because other cars in its class like the Toyota Corolla like the Honda Civic they don't give you all wheel drive so if you live in PA like I do and we get snow quite often this is the one you're going to want to be in. But anyways nonetheless when it comes to the power plant regardless of trim level the power plant is going to be the same powering this one is a 2.5 liter direct injected inline four cylinder putting out 186 horsepower at 6,000 rpm 186 pound feet of torque available at 4,000 rpm power sent to front wheels or all wheels to a six speed automatic with paddle shifters on the premium trims only so we do not have them today unfortunately but you can get them with the premium trim if you wanted them. Six speed manual I knew somebody's going to ask is available for the premium hatchback trim only that is the only way you can get a six speed now the Mazda 3 is the premium hatch but zero to 60 time comes in at approximately seven seconds flat according to motor trend for comparison sake Honda Civic comes in at 6.8 seconds red line comes in at 6,500 rpm if you really wanted to push this one and then PG numbers are gonna sit at 26 in the city 35 highway for the front-wheel drive 24 city 32 highway for the all-wheel drive and for comparison sake although this isn't really a comparison video Civic sedan comes in at 32 in the city 42 on the highway but then again Civic sedan doesn't give y'all a wheel drive and either set up that you go with whether it be front-wheel drive or all-wheel drive this one is going to take regular unleaded fuel aka 87 octane but so now before we do any kind of acceleration in the 2020 Mazda 3 didn't want to mention there is a sport driving mode that button is located just to the left of the shifter when you press that it didn't immediately just downshift for me so it is going to hold the RPMs at a much higher level giving you more power on demand it is also going to adjust throttle sensitivity as well and so now having done that I think you guys know what time it is since we don't have the paddle shifters to test out let's just go ahead and jump right into the acceleration and let's see how quickly we can get this new 2020 Mazda 3 here up to speed guys ready here we go grip son yeah definitely no issues and merging onto the highway and I purposefully picked the all-wheel drive setup today because I wanted to test something out in particular when you hit the gas like that in the front-wheel drive setup typically will get some slippage you'll get some spinning on the front wheels but with all-wheel drive power is sent to the ground instantly so there was no slippage there whatsoever I love having all-wheel drive vehicles definitely gives you a ton of peace of mind whether it be acceleration or driving in the snow or the rain or whatever so gotta say I'm definitely a big fan of that but so many ways to go along with that acceleration as always breaking is equally important and so breaking setup is actually going to differ slightly depending on if you go with the front-wheel drive or the all-wheel drive setup front-wheel drive is going to give you 11.02 inch ventilated front discs if you go with all-wheel drive you're going to get 11.61 inch ventilated front discs so slightly larger rotors in the front if you go with that all-wheel drive configuration the least in the back it's going to be the same either way 10.43 inch solid rear discs as far as the breaking feel goes let's do a quick little break check love it definitely no issues of bringing this one to a stop so wonderful breaking feel new squishiness or brake pedal delay or anything like that so it's always a good thing touching on suspension handling a little bit up front you're going to get an independent McPherson strut front suspension in the back torsion beam rear axle as far as the steering feel goes as always through all Mazda's through every car in its lineup steering feels absolutely wonderful definitely points you in the direction that you want to go very easily this car is going to be a ton and is a ton of fun to drive on these back roads here in the mountains in Pennsylvania so I love that as far as ride quality goes it's actually been perfectly fine it's pretty much as expected for a compact car so no issues there for me either cabin noise is pretty much as expected not as quiet as a luxury car but certainly not loud or punishing either it's pretty much just fine so no issues there touching on visibility with this sedan I will see the visibility is definitely on point I can see beautifully right out the back of this one and I will say I did review the hatchback I believe it was last year and that one visibility wasn't quite as good as the sedan that I am currently driving right now so I did want to mention that but either way you shouldn't have any issues honestly but rain sensing windshield wipers will also come standard across the board that should assist of course with visibility as well you will also get a head up display with the premium trim so that's pretty cool it's going to display your speed on the windshield so you can better help keep your eyes on the road better help enjoy the drive a little bit in this Mazda 3 so that is always a good thing as well and that about rounds out the performance segment of this review let's now go ahead and take a look at the exterior of this jet black mica beautiful black 2020 Mazda 3 alright you guys here she is the 2020 Mazda 3 let's go ahead and start up front on this one LED headlights are actually going to come standard on all trim levels I always love the LEDs are standard definitely going to better illuminate your drive at night comparatively speaking to the halogens that come standard on most compact cars out there so that's a plus automatic feature is also going to come standard with that meaning when it starts to get dark out at night those headlights will turn on automatically for you there so you don't have to worry about that LED daytime running lights also standard I did want to mention up front the sedan is going to differ of course slightly comparatively speaking to the hatchback the sedan is going to give you a chrome surrounding on that front grille whereas the hatchback is going to give you a matte black surrounding on that front grille so quite a substantial difference there I guess that hatchback being a slightly more sportier appearance whereas the sedan might be a little more elegant of an appearance but still very very menacing in this jet black mica exterior that we have today but nonetheless let's go ahead and make our way to the side on this one and so to tie together with the front on the sides chrome window surrounds will come standard with sedan black window surrounds with the hatchback although that hatchback will come with chrome belt line molding a little bit of chrome on that one take a look at the side mirrors they are body colored power adjustable side mirrors for all trim levels including integrated turd signals actually as well then take a look down at the wheel setup 16 inch aluminum alloy wheels will come with the base sedan however all other trim levels for both the sedan and the hatchback will give you 18 inch aluminum alloy wheels and that of course is what you are looking at right now but now making our way to the back LED tail lights actually standard across the board and they actually have a nice smoked housings to them I can see as well and that looks absolutely wonderful on their black exterior I love when they include smoked housings on tail lights it just looks so much better this thing looks awesome in the back I gotta admit but anyway I still want to mention signature LED tail lights coming with the premium trims that gives it a little more of a 3d effect it's kind of a cool look to it rear spoiler with an integrated brake light will come with the hatchback of course not the sedan rear window wiper coming with that hatchback as well just below it all whether you go with the sedan or the hatch you will find dual exhaust outlets with chrome tips so I do believe you guys know what we have to do next as always here is that exhaust clip it's open now since we all round back to go ahead and open that rear trunk there actually is a button on the key file that's probably the simplest way there's also a button by the driver side left me and there is a button on the actual trunk itself as well a few different ways to go about opening it but once opened up cargo capacity comes in at 13.2 cubic feet for the sedan for the hatchback however it will come in at 20.1 cubic feet and for comparison sake civic sedan kind of smashes right in the middle there at 15.1 cubic feet but if you did need additional space that there is a 6040 split meaning the rear seats do fold down for quite a bit of extra space there if you needed it and of course you have some cargo lighting back there as well then make your way to the rear legroom that comes in at 35.1 inches so for reference I'm an even six feet tall this is how much space I have back there and you can find a rear center armrest with cup holders if you go with the select sedan and up that is how you're going to get that once again seating is just as comfortable as in the front seats and by the way making our way to the front seats on the 2020 Mazda 3 cloth seating will come standard with the base in and of course leatherette seating with the base hatchback the preferred hatchback and the select and preferred sedan so leatherette pretty much and everything but the premium trims premium trim levels are going to give you full leather seating but preferred trim level is also going to add in addition to that power adjustable driver seat with power lumbar two position memory seating and heated front seats as well they take a look at the steering wheel it is tilt and telescoping it is leather wrapped for the select sedan and up that is of course what you're looking at right now and also all trims for the hatchback it is going to come leather wrapped with that as well then when it comes to the startup let me first start by showing you guys the key here you do have the new style key for 2020 you have the Mazda logo on the one side and nothing on the other side because all of the buttons are located on the side of the key because of course it is all keyless entry so technically you don't even have to take the key out of your pocket so simply walk up to the vehicle put your foot on the brake and there is a push button start just by the driver's right knee which comes standard by the way for all trim levels all I'm going to do is simply just put my foot on the brake and press that button there once started up tachometer is on your left fuel information is all the way to the right and there is a digital display for the speedometer front and center and that looks pretty cool actually but of course it's just going to have your basic information outside temperature miles per gallon how many miles you have left until you hit empty trip information just stuff like that basically taking a look at overall interior quality of power moonroof is going to come with a premium trim levels only that is why we don't have one today dual-zone climate control coming standard with all trims on the hatchback and the select sedan trim leveling up so that is currently what you're looking at right now and there's actually a lot I like about the Mazda 3 and a lot of it is very similar to the CX-30 I recently reviewed actually as well for instance you have this Audi-esque style climate control just above the passenger side glove box where it kind of looks like it's all one fluid climate control vent so that's pretty cool just above that you have some nice dark stitching to go with a black leather and I do like that it's black leather with a black exterior that is really the way to go also like the silver door handle incorporated into that silver line in the doors it definitely looks good as well when it comes to some of the basics up front you're going to find a usb charging port and I'll tell you what that's for later little cargo area tray there there's a couple cupholders with the cupholders located in front of the shifter and that's definitely a plus for me because a lot of the times vehicles will put it behind the shifter and then when you go to shift into drive or reverse you kind of have to maneuver around your cups or your energy drinks or whatever to try to shift into gear so it's definitely a better option that they put it in front of the shifter rather than behind also having a lecture mechanical parking brake with the auto hold button this center armrest can actually slide forward and backward as well so help you get a little more comfortable on long road trips perhaps but once you actually up and up that center console there is yet another usb charging port as well as a 12 volt power outlet used to charge up batteries so I can film this video it's a definitely a decent amount of space for what the car is it is a compact car but nonetheless let's now go ahead and take a look at the tech display one of the best parts about the Mazda 3 because 8.8 inch display screen will come standard for all trim levels it is not a touch screen display to actually control what is on that screen there is a circular dial and buttons directly behind the shifter here but I will say it is an extremely easy system to use and quite honestly that is a heck of a far reach anyway so I probably wouldn't even want it to be a touch screen but that is an insanely large screen for all trim levels across the board other compact cars will give you a seven inch display screen typically or less six inch display screen even five inch but 8.8 inches really above and beyond for its segment bluetooth and audio streaming coming standard with that android auto apple car play will come for all trim levels with a hatch and the select sedan and up so the base sedan will not get the android auto apple car play but you can also of course check out your radio settings up there and by the way when it comes to the sound system you will get eight speakers with the base and select sedan trim levels and you will get a 12 speaker bow sound system with the preferred trim level and up and so having recently just reviewed the cx 30 with the bow sound system this is a perfect comparison right now because now I have the eight speaker sound system and of course the bows kills it but let's go ahead and see what we got playing on the radio today and let's test out this eight speaker sound system that we have in our Mazda 3 here today I still don't get why they have dogs barking at the beginning of that song but still sound system is all right it's pretty much as expected having just reviewed a car with the 12 speaker bow system is nowhere even close to that quite honestly so of course I'll go for the bow sound system any day of the week but that should be fine especially at the price point this thing is at and all-wheel drive so it's pretty much as expected for an eight speaker sound system there but last thing I wanted to mention to you guys on the tech display at least is when you do put the Mazda 3 in reverse you will get a rear view camera for all trim levels across the board letting you know who or what is behind you which is always is going to lead us into safety and so to start off first I want to mention the Mazda 3 is an IIHS top safety pick which is a heck of a start already and so at the beginning of the video I mentioned there was some new changes for the 2020 Mazda 3 this is where they really come in when it comes to safety all trim levels are now going to come standard with i-active sense safety features which is what Mazda calls their safety package essentially that does indeed come standard including lane departure warning lane keep assist adaptive cruise control with stop and go driver attention alert and high beam control and so in addition to that if you went with the hatchback or the select sedan and up you will also get a blind spot monitor with rear cross traffic alert and of course you get the basics like front side side curtain airbags is actually driver and passenger knee airbags as well it's something that doesn't usually come standard on vehicles out there in the back you're going to have latch aka lower anchors and tethers for children for the rear car seats rear child door locks back there and a tire pressure monitoring system and so but that is about it for this one you guys thank you so much for watching feel free to follow me on social media at the bottom of the screen there if you like prefer to pick up some march just below the video if you want to support the channel be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button if you're in a new car reviews that is what we do here on this channel after all do appreciate you guys watching more than you know when i will see you guys all in the next video stay gold


Each one of these kidney beans represents 100 students applying to college for the first time. How many of you think you're in the jar? Now I know because I counted each one of them by hand and I'll tell you in just a minute. Today I want to talk about how incredibly difficult it is to get into some of the top universities in the United States. We're talking about Ivy Leagues, T10s, the best of the best. But I also want to show you some tricks that you can use to make your application more powerful and make it more likely for you to get in. Back to our jar. This jar contains 674 beans, which represents 67,380 students. I rounded up to the nearest bean. Now that is the number of people that applied to Cornell. How many actually got in? I'll just scoop out the accepted beans from this jar and put them into this little jar here. So that's 59 beans. That's an acceptance rate of 8.7%. Now let's do Columbia. Nine, seven, 26 beans out of 633. 4% acceptance rate. Harvard is also 4%. 23. 23 beans for Harvard. Stamford is even less. Only 22 of these beans are going to get in here. 22. Stamford. 472 beans here and 25 beans are going to go into the accepted jar. Here's Brown with 26 beans out of 466. Only 16 of the 376 Princeton beans will make it into the acceptance jar. Dartmouth is 18 beans. And finally, we have Caltech, which is the most exclusive school on the list. 130 beans apply and only 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 beans make it in. How do you go from being one of these beans to being one of these lucky beans right here? Fortunately, I don't have to hack Harvard's computers or get admissions officers drunk so they reveal their secrets. All of the information that we need is publicly available in a document called the Common Data Set. This right here, this is what we're looking for, the Common Data Set. This has everything we need to know to figure out how to get into these top universities. The current Common Data Set gives us information about students who started university in Fall 2021, part C7 in particular. This section explains what factors these universities use to determine who they admit. Now, it breaks it down into two sections, academic factors and non-academic factors. Let's take a closer look at how each of these categories works and then we'll talk about how each of these elite schools uses these categories to determine who they will admit. In the academic section, we start off with the rigor of academic record, essentially saying how difficult your school was. An IV diploma, for example, will be considered more difficult than a standard high school diploma. From there, you have class rank and GPA, pretty self-explanatory. Then we've got test scores, either the SAT or the ACT. All of these universities were test optional, so did they really admit a lot of test optional students? The answer will surprise you. And finally, we have your essays and recommendation letters. Under the non-academic factors, we have a whole bunch of different things. For example, your interview with your admissions officer, extracurricular activities, talent or ability, character or personal qualities. Whether you're a first-generation university student, whether you have a legacy admission like your parents went to the university, that's alumni relation, what country you're from or what state you live in. And then we've got things like religious affiliation, volunteer work, work experience and demonstrated interest. How do our top 10 universities consider these factors? Well, each one can be ranked as either very important, important, considered or not considered at all. And this is what we need to look at if we want to figure out which university is the best fit for you. Unfortunately, of our 10 universities, Columbia is the only one that does not publish a CVS and so I don't have the data for Columbia. Maybe if you guys want to learn more about how to get into Columbia, you can subscribe to the channel because I'm going to be interviewing the first-ever score student to get admitted to Columbia with a full-ride scholarship. That's Ms. Claudia. In Columbia and I have $81,000. Anyway, here's Caltech. They don't care where you're from or who your parents are, but they love a hard school and good test scores. Dartmouth clearly values all the academic factors more than anything else, aside from some extracurriculars and character. Penn places more importance on your interview than anywhere else and considers everything except your religious affiliation. Brownsheet is similar. Cornell claims to only consider test scores and they seem to love talent. Stanford looks a lot like Dartmouth's. Princeton's is identical to Stanford's and Yale is also identical, except they do consider whether you live in Connecticut. And then we have Harvard that just ranked everything as considered and wouldn't put anything above anything else. Thanks, Harvard. Now, if we add all these up, we can get a clearer idea of which points are most important in general for university admissions. I'm going to put a bean in each box, according to how many universities marked it in that place. The rigor of school record is unanimous. All nine universities say that this is very important. Class rank and GPA are still quite important, but there is a split as to whether they're considered very or just important. Test scores, though, is where we see the biggest gap. Five universities say that they consider test scores very important. The others just say they consider them. And I'm going to show you in a minute why test scores are way more important than these universities want you to think. Essays and letters of recommendation also have almost unanimous support with the exception of Harvard, which refuses to rank anything as important. In the non-academic factors, it surprised me to see that the interview was not as highly ranked as I thought it would be. Most universities just consider it. Several didn't consider it at all. Extracurriculars consistently rank highly about on par with the talent or ability column. I wonder what qualifies as a talent? Like, if you can poop on command, is that... I mean, that's a talent. Dave England can do that. This is the non-academic factor that stood out to me most. Character or personal qualities. Eight beans going in the very important column people. It's one of the only ones on this non-academic section that gets such unanimous support. What does it mean when they talk about character or personal quality? To me, it screams maturity. If you come off as naive or inexperienced or maybe just a little too new to the world, I could see you not getting into these universities. None of the other factors were rated higher than considered. Pretty much everything from this point on is just either a nice to have or it's not considered at all. I guess it's nice to know that your religious affiliation does not matter to any of these universities. How can we use this data to get into these top schools? Well, it's all about finding a good fit for you. Which university matches your profile? If you're great at interviews, but you don't have the world's best extracurricular activities, maybe you, Penn, is the right place to apply. You didn't get an amazing SAT score, but you do have a really good academic record and you've got some talents like, I don't know, maybe you can moonwalk like Michael Jackson. You should apply to Cornell. It's all about matching your profile to this CDS. I want to go back and talk about those SAT scores because a bunch of these universities just said that they considered them. In every single one of these universities, the majority of the students who were admitted and enrolled ended up presenting an SAT or ACT score. Of the 23 beans admitted to Harvard, 13 had an SAT score and 7 had an ACT score, leaving just three beans admitted without a standardized test. Yale had 25 beans, 14 did the SAT, 9 did the ACT. Princeton had only one bean that didn't take any test. Here's Brown and Cornell. And at U Penn, 100% of the admitted students presented a test result. Dartmouth and Caltech declined to fill out this portion of the CDS, but I'm willing to bet they were similar to the other universities we saw here, which makes me wonder why won't they share their data? These universities are not all that test optional. Use that to your advantage. If you're going to apply to these elite universities, take the SAT, maybe even take the ACT and the ACT. Something else you can do to boost your chances is to apply early decision. If you apply early decision, your acceptance rate goes way up. Brown, your acceptance rate triples to 16%. Cornell does more than double by going from 8.6% to a whopping 21.4%. U Penn more than doubles, going up to 19.5%. And Dartmouth goes up to 25% acceptance rate for early decision applicants. If your profile matches what we see on the CDS for any of those universities that have early decision, get your stuff done early and apply early decision. You increase your chances a lot. So what can we learn from all of this? Well, first of all, I hope you understand that you cannot only apply to these universities. Even if you think you are an amazing candidate, they all have extremely low acceptance rates. And with test optional policies continuing for the near future, they're going to continue to receive large volumes of applicants. All of these universities are dream schools for everyone. I don't care how qualified or amazing you are. You need to have a balance. You need to have a couple of fit and safety options just in case you get rejected from these dream schools. These are always dream schools. But you can use the data to your advantage. You can use the CDS to figure out which universities are the ones you're most likely to get into. Take a test. Take the SAT. Take the ACT.  I'm pretty sure it's just an excuse to get more money from applications even though a bunch of them are just going to end up in the garbage. You might want to think about applying early decision as well. Hopefully you can be one of these beans. And speaking of beans, I didn't waste any food today. I am going to be making my world famous chili using these kidney beans. So this is going to be a delicious video. Thank you for watching. I appreciate it a lot. And I will see you next week.


Hi, good morning, and welcome to today's products and focus not a huge amount. It's happened This morning following on from yesterday's real big strong self down down over 250 points by the end of the session Some people say it's taken a cue from the drop and crude oil. We're currently trading at $34.60 It's obviously coming hot in the heels of our non-farm offer FOMC decision there on Wednesday The market was actually beginning to rally up and as you can see from the from the candle formations right here that We've immediately had a bearish and gulfing pattern Proceeded Wednesday. So as we Wednesday, this is Thursday quite a strong negative candle to have And it's followed through a little bit this morning, but bounced off potential support at 17361 We're trading below both moving averages. The other technicals are relatively neutral and there's a real lack of any macro data due today So the markets are probably going to be slightly under pressure over the next number of sessions Looking at the UK 100. We did have a sell-off not as strong as what we had in the US 6073 still acting as potential support. There's kind of doji formation that we've got right here It's bouncing around about the potential support level. So that kind of highlights how important 6073 is And we're just a little bit above there right now at the time of recording this video So I'm moving on to Japan 225 so there was announcement from the Bank of Japan basically Mentioned that they're going to expand their QE program and initially we actually showed so Japan 225 spike up quite strongly and the yen A dollar yen also spike a lot higher until people are going well, you know, this isn't necessarily good for the For the Japanese economy if they're needing to embark on a new stimulus program so you've then immediately seen the Japanese yen sell off very unusual candles I have here, but very clear that has been a real Rejection up and move higher and we've pushed quite far into negative territory trading both both moving averages The other technicals are quite neutral and they were looking at 18648 as the next potential support level You'll see that same spike, but not quite as aggressive on dollar yen Bearish and gulfing pattern though currently we had a failure to break through the tips of these of these highs right here 121 87 its potential support also quite close to that 55 period SMA the next potential support 120 spot 55 So let's have a look at West Texas crude that's just not really having much in the way of love It's trading below potential support at 35 30 negative day yesterday We look like we will have short-term potential support round about 34 spot 23 longer-term potential support round about 27 dollars And that stronger US dollars not going to do any favors to West Texas could either Looking at gold gold had a quite a negative day again yesterday as well plumbing the lows that we had at the end of November start of December, sorry with 1047 be the next potential support fall by 1031 Let me look at your dollar and GBP USD So your dollar has bounced this morning of potential support at one spot 08 19 came off quite a harsh yesterday We have had it bounced this morning again quite close that 21 period SMA and we've almost got a Negative cross on the MACD. We've almost had a reversal signal on the slow stochastic first for selling It does look a little bit like one spot 08 19 It's going to be an important level for your dollar going forward But as you go with GBP USD, we've had a bounce of one spot 48 59 not massively much of a surprise We've had a move slightly higher this morning, but similar to your dollar We're still in a downtrend here on GBP USD one spot 48 59 is a support level to be aware of So that gives you a bit of an idea about what's happening in the markets. There is no economic data due today There's nothing much at the weekend. You go into Monday. You've got Eurozone CPI It's a 21st you go into the 22nd You've got US GDP in existing home sales and then you get on Wednesday And a lot you guys are probably thinking about taking a break from trading and enjoying your Christmas You've got UK GDP durable goods in the US and personal income from the US Consumer sentiment survey new home sales and finishing up the crude all inventories for those of you that are looking at West Texas crude Right guys, that gives you an idea of what to look out for keep your eye on the chart for make insights Part of your late going forward and join me again tomorrow to find out what happened next well not tomorrow on Monday


Good Late morning to every one of you. Thanks for showing up. I'll be talking today about my PhD research, which I'm conducting at the University of Limerick in Ireland I don't actually live there. A lot of people seem to be confused. I'm still in Zurich, but In Limerick I have a rather awesome prof Brian Fitzgerald. He's been doing a lot of stuff in open-source research and When I presented him my idea he was very keen to have me even if I'm not staying at the department So that's a little bit of background My working title for the research is method diffusion in large open-source projects And for those of you who have no idea what these individual words mean well join the club This is academia. I feel very much for you And I will bring you a little slide with definitions in just a second but Well, I guess I do want to apologize that a couple of the words that are you going to encounter on these slides are not necessarily How should I say? practical but Those of you who know academia know that this isn't my fault. Who of you by the way is involved in academia. Does academic research? All right, so that's about a little less than half. Okay So I'll be giving you a short overview. I'm look at a little bit of a Adoptions of tools that have happened or are currently happening in Debian and try to Give an overview of my future directions now. I don't really know where that's going to lead yet But we'll get there later So here are the definitions that I promised method diffusion and large open-source project with method I simply mean something like a technique or a tool It could be anything from version control to a new buck tracking system or even entirely integrated workflow that people start adopting in order to produce better software a Diffusion is an introduction of this tool or offset method with the goal of having it adopted by other people and Large project I had to put that into the title because even though I do want to limit myself mostly to be looking to Debian I had to make it a little more generic and I had to put the large project in there simply because The high inertia and the complex self dynamics of large projects such as Debian make this research particularly interesting I Initially thought about looking at various projects including the clone and so projects where I'm also a developer But then in the end decided that they it would be comparing apples and oranges if you look at Plone and you look at Debian because just the sheer size off the project makes a big difference So my motivation or research basis I came into this initially thinking that Or with this very strong interest in group wear and workflow Tools and in thinking that there's a lot of places in the Debian workflow where we could really do with some improvements When you look at Debian the methods that we are using have definitely evolved over time have gotten a lot better But in the end it's more or less still the same stuff We've been using three years ago five years ago eight years ago. It evolved a little bit further, but we never actually took the time to reevaluate and Reimplement an entire workflow. So just to give a very simple example if you are Maintainer for a package and you receive a buck report What you have to do is basically interact with that buck report via the buck tracking system At the same time somehow fix the buck in your package, which may require you to use a version control system The version control system if you're using one requires you to write a commit message You also have to write a change log entry into the Debian change log file explaining what you did and you may also want to write some about your fix into the actual buck report So these are three different Syncs of information where you're putting stuff and even though they are somewhat interlink There's for instance the tool depth commit which will take your VCS change VCS commit message and Sorry the change log entry and make a VCS commit message out of it and our DAX suite actually automatically closes bugs that have been Mentioned in the Debian change lock upon upload The entire workflow though is very brittle and not integrated There are plenty of places where you can make mistakes plenty of times When you don't actually create a patch for the fix that you have just Introduced into your package which should ideally be attached to the buck report so that other people other Distributions who are running into the same problem could actually just take your patch and don't have to tackle you for it so there's high interdependence of the methods and The fact that we have been using more or less the same stuff over the last couple of years lead or Suggested to me that we're reaching a sort of stagnating efficiency Now, I believe when the first couple times when I talked to some Debian people about this research And I said something like stagnating efficiency some of them got up and walked out the room or something We're like very offended. I don't mean it as harsh as it sounds. I guess Debian is a very very Good project a very productive project and incredible in what we have achieved and what we continue to achieve every day But I think that given our manpower We could be doing a lot more if we actually didn't have to spend so much time on the little tasks that have to be done if they could have be somehow better integrated and Lo and behold we actually do have better methods here and there for instance version control seems to be a big topic and especially the Distributed version control methods Those actually can be used to solve a lot of our problems if we properly integrate them But of course There is not only one version control system. The world would be so much easier if it were just bitkeeper, right and nothing else Because then your choice would be bitkeeper or not bad bitkeeper and everybody in Debian or a large mass would start using bitkeeper Well, there you go. Perfect. Well, our problem is that we have so many other good alternatives and We don't really have any way to integrate them. So Some people may be using subversion still for their packaging other people may be jumping on the git train and so on and so forth The problem about that obviously is that You're kind of forming clusters that way Initially when I was starting this research I had in my head the idea of the Middle-aged person who on a Saturday afternoon actually has some free time because the kids are out playing and They're four hours to be spent and those four hours that person would like to actually contribute to Debian and make a real difference But as it is right now unless you are completely immersed in Debian work every day Those four hours are going to be reduced to pretty much two hours of contribution because in the first two hours You're going to have to try to figure out What it is? How is it? How are you supposed to actually achieve what you wanted to do? What version control system does the package use that you're trying to fix? How do you actually use that version control system? And then you learned that information? You know how to do it for SVN and next Saturday your kids are out again And you would like to contribute this time. However, the package is maintained in Mercurial so there you go You can learn yet another version control system and from a couple of interviews that I've done with contributors mainly on fairs Even though for us, I guess most people here at the at this conference Learning a version control system is somewhat fun. You know just like Configuring a text editor somewhat fun like we are actually playing with our tools. We're geeky enough for that There are plenty of contributors out there who just don't care They do not want to contribute to Debian and learn and have to learn a version control system on the way They just want to contribute to Debian and we I think have to understand that and Have to figure out how we can come up with methods that Make it a lot easier for people or a lot more accessible make our development process a lot more accessible So my research question actually is under what circumstances could we get? volunteers to use some new methods and I would like to Kind of jump ahead to a slide that I have towards the end I'm not talking about Having a perfect solution to the Debian workflow I actually started two years ago with this research and I thought hey I'm just going to like create this perfect workflow for Debian and then everybody's going to adopt it We're going to be this awesome project that is just going to be a hundred percent more efficient but I very quickly gave up and gave up on that because Not because I don't believe that it's possible to introduce something like a perfect workflow or a Single workflow by which everyone abides. I mean we're doing it right now already We already have one workflow that everybody has to go by I think it is definitely possible But I don't think it's within my core competencies So I much rather leave that to someone else and just look at the factors that actually deal with the diffusion around it So my hypothesis is that given a diffusion given a an unleashing of a tool within Debian There exists a certain number of characteristics about the tool or about the way it was diffused into the project But the way that communication was handled or the way that the social system is structured into which it was diffused which determined largely the Rate of adoption by people now with rate of adoption. I simply mean that s-shaped curve I'm sure you've seen that in every single Stoods or in various statistical Articles The I don't unfortunately don't have it with me right here But you can basically imagine in the very beginning of any adoption You'll just have a couple of freaks using a tool and then slowly slowly it starts picking up until you get a very steep gradient when Everybody kind of keeps jumping on to that train and starts using that tool and then in the end it kind of flattens out again because you The number of late comers to the party is ever decreasing If we actually managed to identify these characteristics managed to be able to say what it is about a tool or about a way that We diffuse that tool that made people adopt it then I think we can Provide it that we come up with a tool or with a workflow. I'll just call it method We can actually engineer that diffusion to improve the efficiency of the entire process so For my research, I've chosen a two-tiered approach Unfortunately, I couldn't just stay with a single one. So this actually requires me to use two different research Strategies and I don't know if you saw my bad joke on the very very first slide Saying that I'm an alien. I'm a computer scientist in the world of sociology. That's actually what's going on I somehow managed to end up doing a PhD on sociology and Just kind of happened all too fast. So now I'm in it and I can't really do anything about it But it also means that I get to do all these like cool research techniques called qualitative research techniques like case studies and interviews and ethnological stuff and So out of the immense selection of Research strategies I could pick off I had to take two for the two phases of this approach and the first one is basically case studies and the second one is the Participatory action research. I'll tell you what this is all about in just a second Let me have a look at phase one first case studies. What do I mean with case studies? Well, I mean looking at previous diffusions for instance the diffusion of depth helper about nine years ago or its friend CDVS and just trying to identify what kind of factors where surrounding that diffusion and then We can hopefully say that One tool one diffusion was a successful diffusion whereas CDVS may have been a little less successful than depth helper and then I can combine that and come up with Statistics hopefully qualitative statistics. I love that word to be able to figure out Which characteristics actually made this happen and I'm not going to be the one Actually analyzing all these diffusions because I'm just one single person and this is qualitative work So I would be very biased or I'd have very biased research if it was just me So I'll be doing a bunch of interviews with people who Have overseen these diffusions or who have actually engineered them who have been part of them and figure out whether they were aware of what they're doing or whether they actually remember the Important facts There are also usage statistics obviously popcorn is hopefully going to be of big use to see how quickly people started to adopt it But on the other hand, it's going to be slightly difficult because I'm talking about development tools and popcorn kind of talks about all of our tools in the archive and It doesn't necessarily mean that if somebody has git installed that they're actually a developer Maybe they just had to once download the free desktop work archive or something like that Also survey data. I put that into parentheses because I really don't want to be doing a survey It's one of the hardest things in qualitative research because the questions have to be perfectly engineered Otherwise, it's useless if people could misunderstand misunderstand what's going on and it's quite a time-consuming job to get the survey out and then to get feedback back and Actually have people participate usually stays at a very very low percentage So I'll mostly focus on the case studies actually in the my mad lead graphical skills have Allowed me to come up with this graph and you'll see on the left side. There's these previous diffusions I'm sorry for the small font, but I didn't remake it for the slides previous diffusions and then the analysis trying to figure Come up with all kinds of facts related to soft facts related to the diffusion and then Creating what I call standardized exemplars from it. So sorry for that language standardized exemplars It but I'm basically mean is a type of framework You can think of it one of the easiest analogies. I've come up with is a portfolio a stock portfolio that's one sheet of paper and it has the most important data about a stock and I Want to be using such exemplars or templates or frameworks or whatever you want to call it so that I can actually put structure into the data so that I can compare two different instantiations of these templates and if you think about it again in terms of the stock Portfolio if you have two stocks and you have portfolios for each and both of them are issued by the same bank It's going to be a hell of a lot easier to compare them Then if you have two portfolios from different banks because they just have different data and different And the facts in different Parts you have a question. There's a microphone Yeah, what examples are you gonna have for them? Can you give us an example of one of the temp templates you're gonna be using? Well, I'll get to that in just a second. This is actually where I'm currently at in my research. It's a it's a very very difficult part So with these templates, I hope that I can actually like identify common lines and condense them into a set of guidelines and these guidelines Should then be usable by people if they wanted to get a tool out there or should at least give them a better idea of how they could do it and Once I have these guidelines then I'm actually going to Go to phase two, which is the implementation phase and Let's just skip those bullet points here. We have these It's one of fully lovely graphic again. We'll start on the top with the guidelines and then you enter that action research cycle here now action research is a relatively new sociological research strategy and it basically just means that You are immersed in the field that you're studying so if you had to study the diffusion of Engineered corn seeds with farmers in Iowa, which by the way was the first sociological Study on the diffusion of innovations if you had to do that Then you wouldn't just write to them or like try to get your data out of journals You'd actually go to the farmers and work with them and try to understand So that's what action research is and that seemed to be the perfect Choice for me being a Debian developer myself because I am part of the project and I can actually Get at a lot more information than just what people studying Debian might be able to get out from the outside and with Information I don't only mean I can observe different parts much better because I have access to Debian private or something like that No, I much more mean that I can actually make a change and and By that way gather more information Maybe just another quick interesting fact. I used to come from the domain of artificial intelligence and robotics and we have a Concept that's called situativeness and basically what it means is that you want to be Immersed in your own world. You want to be able to manipulate your own words to be world to be able to learn about it And it seems rather obvious if you put a baby In a room and you don't let it touch anything and you don't let it move around It's not going to be very intelligent when it grows up But if you if that baby of what babies do, you know, they take everything and Munch on it and so on and so forth then they actually start to learn a lot faster about their environment and Action research is very much the same if you just go and look at Debian And you try to figure out why this is happening or what's going on over there You're going to have limited information, but if you go there and you actually Change stuff move things around you'll have a lot better chance of getting at it So I don't actually I can't really explain these boxes I don't think anybody really can but academics and especially the socioscientists are very good at creating these graphs that can't be explained but action research is a five stage process and it basically it's cyclical and it basically just means Trying to formulate what it is that you're trying to do Looking at what the current state is trying to come up with a sort of delta a difference between what's currently going on and what you would like to For it to happen and taking actions evaluating again Whether you were actually successful and then depending on whether you have been successful Decide that adoption has been reached or go around the cycle again identify the next problem That's lovely All right, so that these are the two phases and I hope I didn't bore you too much with the Research strategies and the academic background of it. Are there any questions up to this point? Other than the one about the templates which I'm using No questions. All right, then well, let me get to those templates then they're sort of called conceptual framework I Try to stay away from the word framework because it's just way too overloaded But I guess that's what people want to see in a thesis the conceptual framework and as I've already seen those templates Think of them as the stock portfolios think of them as data sheets that are issued by exactly the same organization to make comparisons easier There exists many of these frameworks already in sociology and management science the problem so far is that These are usually related to voluntary independent adoption decisions and with that I mean These volunteers like for instance the corn farmers in Iowa They have the choice themselves to adopt the engineered corn seeds If they do it they don't affect anything else, but they're their own crop their own life They don't affect their neighbors at all And well, it's voluntary on the other hand In management science usually what you have is frameworks that try to explain authoritarian concerted diffusions like a company that goes out and says well We're going to be using bitkeeper and everybody has to use it That's authoritarian and it's concerted because kind of everyone is supposed to start at the same time So it's probably accompanied with some form of trainings and so on and so forth But basically there's not really anything in between these two extremes You either have corn farmers in templates or you have poor people working with bitkeeper and a company for open source software and Debian in particular these won't do it's Way more complex what we are dealing with because there's something in Debian that we call strong network externalities that's another one of those lovely words where when I first encountered it I was like that means nothing to me and and Still now that I know what it actually means it still doesn't really mean anything well a network externality is really something that I'd call an interdependence between Actors in a social system So a high network externality means that if one person starts to use a new method within a social system That kind of requires a lot of other people to adopt that method as well For instance if we were to switch our buck tracking system from depth box to bugzilla, don't shoot me That would pretty much require everyone to go ahead and use bugzilla So that in that case it could be said that it has a very high degree of network externality Externality well, and there's also ideology people who actually Refuse to use a tool that perfectly does what they want But unfortunately, it's written in pearl and not in python there are folks like that and It's kind of difficult to deal with that and especially difficult to Try to fit that into the existing frameworks You know because at a company nobody's going to say I'm not using bitkeeper because it was written in C And the corn farmers are not going to complain that they're not going to use those corn seeds because the container in which they arrived was blue It doesn't matter to them, but the OSS seems to be a rather weird group of people There's also this voluntary and cabal type thing With that what I mean is Basically that you have something called opinion leaders You you as a single developer may have the choice of using a tool But you may also see like this group of highly influential people Who are all deciding that get is the way to go now and they all start adopting get and they sort of like there's just sort of like Cabalistic type of feel to it like those are the the cool people and they're using that and then that builds up a very very strong motivation for the individual to actually adopt that tool as well and these forms of Decisions on an individual level. They just aren't made among corn farmers and they aren't made among people who are working in managed corporations So I'll give you a very quick example of one framework that actually exists and it's the most famous one This is a work by Everett M. Rogers who was basically the person to first formalize this concept of diffusion of innovations And he was exactly the person that did the study on the corn seed on the corn farmers in Iowa and what Rogers did was basically try to Do exactly what I'm doing try to come up with certain Factors characteristics that could be used to describe and analyze diffusions And this is his famous framework and that framework has probably been applied more to more than 3000 I can't I can't remember whether it's two thousand or three thousands, but it's definitely more than two thousand Studies, so it's definitely very verified and I cannot ignore it just like that even though to be honest I would much rather ignore it It is very generic in that it can be used to describe pretty much any diffusion from corn seeds to Open source software, but it may not actually fit perfectly with each but He has four different categories the innovation communication process the social system and then the consequences and then with each category within each category you can see these Different characteristics for instance the innovation itself the new method that is to be diffused Does it have an advantage over what I'm currently using and if so then is it not complex? Is it compatible with my current work? Can I actually try it out and is it well documented? Is it visible and can I find out about it easily? Is there an active community behind it those factors tend to influence a lot whether people Will see an innovation as being something or even consider the innovation innovation And then there is stuff like communication mass versus interpersonal media That's very interesting actually to look at at what phases in the Adoption process which type of communication is more efficient for instance in the beginning You don't have to try to do interpersonal communication to get people to Interested in the tool that you just developed last weekend because what you're going to be doing is just going around from one person To another and start preaching to them the same stuff over and over again And you're not going to have any effect in the beginning. It's definitely mass communication But later on when let's say 35% Adoption rate has been reached what you then need is actually interpersonal communication and that has been delivered in terms of training or that has been delivered in terms of Conferences like here where people come up to each other and are like please explain this to me or let me show you my cool new toy and Then actually spread the toy even further Well, I won't go much further into these individual characteristics because I could talk a lot about them, but You get the picture. I hope of what these what the framework is so Before I move on ask your question, please So I just want to check Would you would you would you not agree that a basic summary of what that is trying to achieve? is to ask the question to two questions does the Does it contribute to the goal or does it aggravate the goal each of those things Compatibility complexity is it contribute to the goal or so it does it aggravate it is would would you agree with that? No, yes and no, it's one of the questions that you asked, but you said you had a second one anyway, and well just to quickly answer Absolutely, however Within the social system that we're studying it doesn't matter often to people the other day. I was Sitting here in the hack lab, and I was trying to actually get some work done and there was a guy sitting next to me continuously swearing because He didn't manage to get the work done and he wanted in the last one and a half hours because He wasn't understanding what git was telling him and he had just started to use git an hour earlier So instead of giving up on git and actually doing the work he wanted to do He just kept beating his head on the table until he understood it. So it's it's slightly You know, it is definitely Incompatible it's complex and so on but that doesn't really stop people and just kind of influences you can't reduce it to that But you had a second question No, it was a second question. It was just that two parts Okay analyzing thing is the quest the first question was you know, for example on the The let's pick one on the innovation somebody has an idea which they believe an innovative idea Which they believe helps achieve the goal Or the innovation is that they think the git is better Does the does what they are trying to do to achieve that goal contribute or To contribute to the goal or does it aggravate the goal? Does the person contribute to the goal? Does the person aggravate the goal? It's the case the key question in each of those things the communication thing that somebody's trying to do Does it contribute to the goal of getting to think or is the person yapping away and bashing the head against the table? Is it aggravating the the overall goal? Don't know it's just sort of a thing each of those things it seems to me that it fits those You know that each of those two questions it seems it seemed to fit. Yeah, well, well, that's definitely true whether Because in the end if people managed to stay Clear and keep in their heads what they're actually trying to do then that really applies But what I was telling you earlier is that that's not always the case Sometimes people will actually force themselves to use vi. I remember when I started with vi I was just like vi. That's the coolest editor. I have to start using it My productivity was down for like three weeks Before I actually started to understand it and it happens all the time, but you're absolutely right That each one of these actually can be Split or you can look at them in terms of that dichotomy that you just identified, but as I said This is this is this framework does not do I can't use this I tried with like about eight different Adoptions that we had in Debbie and and I couldn't There weren't any once I once I analyzed all these Adoptions and then fit them into the template and then sorted Those that I considered to be successful into one pile and those good I considered to be non-successful into another there weren't any substantial differences between the data on Sheets in this pile and the data in sheets in this pile and that's the hope that I have That I you can find these characteristics. Obviously, you know Some of them were different like maybe Maybe even Something like compatibility for debbie and it's rather important The tools that were successful were all compatible. I don't actually know whether this is true But let's assume it for a second they were all compatible with what you're doing currently and the tools that were unsuccessful were all incompatible So that is actually a factor that you want to consider that that factor determines whether a Diffusion is going to be successful or not But it's definitely not going to be the only factor and for all the other factors listed here The distinction wasn't as clear. You'd have 50 percent Verifiability in that and also in that pile So you couldn't use verifiability as a as a distinguishing method method between success and failure of an adoption well Try to come up with the problems and it's rather hard to formalize them But the two most important problems that seem to prevent me from using Roger's framework as well as any of the other classical Diffusion frameworks that are being in use in management science and sociology is basically that The low degree of network externalities that they study So whenever a decision was made by an individual in the studies where these frameworks were used it didn't affect anyone else and for us in Debian That's definitely not the case and prior information not required. That's some a point that I haven't raised yet No, none of the farmers really did need to know Just how this corn was engineered Because for them it was just corn seeds They would go out to the field and put them under the ground and then like do whatever they do and harvest the corn after a little while there was no prior information required if We are trying to get version control into Debian for instance Just let's assume for a minute will make everything in Debian version control based Then not only does that require every single Debian developer to learn The basic concepts of version control, which I assume everybody kind of knows So then only has to learn in the front end has to learn how kid or how mercurial is used It also requires us that our Let's say two thousand five hundred other contributors translators people interested finding bucks and so on and so forth Have to do exactly the same and they aren't as close to development as we are So they may not actually know about version control So we're asking them to learn and a very complex topic Just so that they can help us get further with our project and that That's definitely a factor that we have to put in at none of the frameworks that I've looked at in management science and sociology actually have that in there, so I fought and fought and ended up losing because now I actually have to go and design my own framework and I'll hopefully be able to do that by cherry-picking stuff like verifiability or Compatibility from other frameworks and assemble them, but the big problem is when you do data Classification in the way that I do it and especially in a qualitative type of way What you really want is for these different categories to be orthogonal to each other so that verifiability is completely independent from compatibility because otherwise you'll you'll have Analysis or you can have an analysis that actually isn't based in the characteristics But sort of like on the stuff that is in between and it won't allow you to come up with some clear results So that's a very very time-consuming process And I have been on that for the last three months and actually was hoping that I would have something done a Final framework for the stepp conf to present to you, but it just hasn't happened. It's Way more involved Than I initially thought but that's always I guess that's what hopes that this law Everything takes twice as long as you think even if you take into account host that does law or something like that But I did spend a lot of time thinking about this and these are some of the ideas that are Always as specific or well relevant to open-source software, which aren't found in or aren't all found in the In the other frameworks that I looked at So for instance the method of development is a centralized one person Fighting with patches in their mailbox, or is it actually using a version control system in which language is it written in that place? An important factor to some people whether they end up using it and that is related in some ways to Let's see the responsiveness of the author as well as the flexibility and the accessibility for re innovators Because many of us many of us Start using a tool and then kind of become developers very quickly Because the tool doesn't do exactly what we want it to do or there's a bug that we find in exactly the same the use case that I have which the original author didn't and so we kind of become Code developers and for code developers. It's in part. It's very important To have that factor in there like how quickly does the author actually respond to bugs and how quickly are they fixed? How short is the length of release cycles? Is it easy for me to actually get new features in there that maybe only I use? Is it well documented? That's actually some people seem to think that's a very important I can't say anything about documentation. It's really weird. Sometimes documentation is everything that'll get the tool adopted and In more than more cases actually documentation is quite the opposite good examples for instance are I Don't want to I don't want to slay any project here because I certainly took my hat to every project that has documentation my projects never do but for instance the Can't come up right. I think I think for instance the git documentation so three pages Introductory tutorial straightforward. It's very easy to read. Whereas if you look at the Samba tutorial The Samba how-to or a documentation. It's a massive book It's very good. I'm not saying that the Samba documentation is bad, but when you first encounter Samba and you look at that tome you're kind of like Intimidated by it sometimes and that intimidation can happen at such an early stage of the adoption process that you don't even consider Adopting that software anymore simply because you were intimidated at the first site Steiner. Yeah, I think it's kind of funny that you're pulling out the git documentation as a positive thing My main reason for not using it was at a time when I was using Documentation sucked and it was really hard to find so It was funny to see if like the availability of that documentation is what will driving it forward or not Right, maybe it was a bad example, but I hope I still made the point kind of clear You're right. I think that a year ago The git documentation was really bad and it has gotten a lot better So it would be that's exactly the kind of stuff that I'm looking for like has the increase in available good documentation and To what degree was it responsible for the increase of users? Well, I don't really need to go into every single one of these characteristics because I think most of them are quite obvious to you I Do want to highlight one one point quickly the manifesto Many of you know that I started writing that conf here at camp and I actually spent the weeks before that camp or even the months before that camp writing design documents and These design documents. I don't know what a design document exactly is sort of like whether there's a structure how you write it But I always found myself like identifying What's the problem that I'm trying to fix and why do I want to fix it? What do I think I can do and how do I intend to do it and that document kind of a Well, a lot of people thought that I'm like the opposite of an extreme programmer I'm sort of like the lover of the waterfall model and in some ways it's true, but I also found that It's impossible to do Anything complex without having a pretty good idea before that unless of course you become an extreme extreme programmer and you're ready to rewrite every single line about 25 times before you get anywhere and within the project and When I talked to Joey Hess who is as many of you will know one of the main or one of the He's definitely the author of a death helper and some other tools that have reached wide adoption so I Talked to him and I had some questions to ask because I'm genuinely interested out of the the research and how he does it or whether he's aware that he's doing this kind of stuff and He said that the manifesto the design document is probably The one a piece of advice he would give to anyone starting a project Write down what you're trying to solve and how are you going to solve it and then start solving it? Because not only does that get you straight on track It also gives people a more abstract idea of what this is about whether they should actually Bother to get involved in the project or not And Just for completeness. Is there anything that you would think of that is an important factor? Determining whether an adoption will happen or not, which is not on this list a Charter and vision statement Sorry a vision a charter and vision statement. Okay. That's kind of what I meant with manifesto. Yeah, but also again If you're a group at the the Ubuntu vision statement is absolutely fantastic And I've also seen another one which isn't to do with free software, but the unity guild world of Wardcraft Vision statements and and and charter are absolutely fantastic Fantastic because they say things like you both those two things the Ubuntu vision statement a charter and the world of Warcraft unity guild Charter say we will look after people You won't do this when you get to a certain level and in in the unity guild You are expected to take a certain amount of responsibility. So experience automatically transverse responsibility Really very very very interesting. It's a thing. It's it's a communication. It's about encouraging communication between the people Well, I think that's a that's a very interesting point If I go back to that framework for a second one thing I have to say about it though Is that it seems to be applicable to the social system mostly? So if it's an Ubuntu vision statement, then it is basically about the social system that Ubuntu has Collected and the same with that world of Warcraft guild The problem with this category social system, which my framework will also have it's just knowing not going to be exactly the same is that This is actually more or less static across all template instantiations because we are more or less Still within the same social system. Obviously, there are going to be slight differences there If I look at the Debian installer team, for instance, that's more or less a separate social system It's it's a sub-social system not sub-social but a subsystem of the Okay, I better move on now. I Hope you understand what I mean Okay, well, I talked about the adoption process that Were there any other questions or any other input on that slide? All right Talked about the adoption process If you're interested in this kind of stuff well first of all that you can I'll have a link to my web page in a second, but there's also this wiki page that I started about Eight ten months ago or something like that where I asked a couple of or everyone every developer to provide their input on what they thought Were the important characteristics of a diffusion such as CDBS or Any other build tool there quite a lot of them the responses were Pretty impressive and I didn't set up network now. Well, I guess I could quickly but sure so the the responses were actually quite astonishing and We quickly had to even create subcategories. I think I started up this wiki page with like four tools on it Wanting to get feedback on those four tools and now you can see that we have a nine subcategories. So For instance that helper which everyone knows People have provided input on it and it's exactly this kind of data that I will be needing and looking at and if you're interested and you have an opinion on any of the Adoptions that have happened in the past or you think that there are some tools that should really be mentioned I would appreciate if you Took the time and put some stuff some of the information on the wiki. All right now I don't have much time left and I also don't want to be running into the last second. So just some points to clear up here when I Initially when I started with this research, I would talk about engineering Diffusions according to some guidelines and well some people were like, are you a fascist or like are you trying to take over? Debian are you going to like and like do some social engineering on the tool level on the method level to eventually like take over the project and Of course, that's not the case and with engineered guidelines what I What I don't mean is We see this one. I'm not I don't have the method that is the solution to all of our problems And I'm ready to engineer that whether you like it or not. It's not that kind of the thing, but I think that within Debian we're very very innovative for instance like Here Debcon for a lot of projects have started or have completed just to name one meta in it a project that Tries to address the fact that there are more than Cisv in it. There are also dependency RC and so on and so forth and Even though we have update RCD and invoke RCD, which is our current meta in it That that stuff is old and it doesn't Deal with newer innovations such as upstart so we can't use it for upstart Which is perfectly all right replacement for the inner system and so now meta in it is Coming up with ways in which we can abstract to the point where upstart and Cisv in it are exactly the same initialization frameworks and Given such an innovation made by someone else. I hope that these guidelines that I provide can be used to make them spread faster and I hope that these guidelines will help to do that. Ideally, I would love to have a document that sort of in the spirit of Enrico's step tags and apt-cache work kind of gives you a Sorted list of factors like if you if you spend the same amount of work on Improving the documentation it would get you 23 percent more adoption than if you spent the same amount of time on on doing something like Whatever else but that's not going to be possible. Unfortunately, I would need to collect maybe a thousand different Template instantiations and I'm also doing qualitative research So there is not really any statistical stuff to be done It would be nice to have it like that and I guess in the end what I will produce is a document that you can treat more or less as a how-to and Within that how-to some of the factors will definitely be listed first if they're if they have most impact But it's not going to be quantitative All right, and then just as a last slide I'm Very interested in this topic Not because now I can finally do sociology or it's a sociological topic but because my interest has always been in workflow and management and One thing that I've noticed and from talking to a couple of managers that companies actually Was confirmed in is that it seems that nowadays modern management makes employees more like volunteers You're at that company somebody is actually telling you what to do You're also getting paid by that company, but in the end the actual management the The environment with in which you're working is more like a volunteer like people are happy if you show up But you can also stay at home You kind of manage your own day as long as you deliver and so on and so forth and I guess if these guidelines Happen to be successful within open source, which is very complex probably more complex than companies They're definitely going to have some impact on management side as well. All right That's it from me. I thank you very much for your attention. Are there any questions or Any other input? Yes, Jeremy What about real life?  I didn't understand that could you what about real life meeting meetings for like, you know How real life meetings affects our real life meetings? Ah Yeah, I guess I guess you can look at meetings as a form of tool as a form of method absolutely That's like, yeah, that's actually an interesting point Although it's going to be hard to argue that they're Non-productive it might also be hard to argue that they are productive given that conf, you know All right. Thanks. I'll write that down. Is there anyone else any other input? Yes, okay one thing I've recently become aware of Which I wanted to put a put to you to consider As part of your research is in any communication that's going on How much of it focuses on the past and How much of it focuses on the future? Any communication whether it be IRC or email or face-to-face meetings How much of it goes over old stuff and how much of it goes on do you have a hypothesis? Do you have a like Question would you say that like projects that talk more about the future are going to be more successful or any any of that? Like what where do you think does that come in? Basically? Yes For example Talking to Phil Phil hands. He came up with the idea of creating a Filter for pop three for mailing lists an optional filter, right where people can say Whether something is useful or whether it isn't and then so you it's like a spam filter useful not useful and so If people start discussing stuff in the in in flame wars that we are you Stole my cow from my grandfather's well or whatever their thing And you deserve to be cut off completely That sort of thing. It's just not useful And but some people might want to Listen or read to all that read all that stuff. So you can't apply it across the board So what I wanted to do was to set up a pop it is to do a suggestion What's to set up a filter which people can apply to the mailing list if they choose? Which from which they can cut out all of the all of this Not useful. Okay start. I mean that what you're talking about right now is kind of communication as a method of development The communication medium so they're definitely that will have features like usability for instance I guess being flooded with spam or flame wars is usability type issue So that's definitely interesting. I'll mark that down right next to real-life meetings seems to be related even All right, thanks very much for your input. Is there any any other input? All right, then I don't really want to keep you any longer. Thanks for your attention and Have a good lunch


Thank you ladies and gentlemen for coming to the conference this morning. The situation is that about 2.30am this morning police were notified of the location of a deceased male on Hooker Boulevard at Broadbeach Waters in between Sunshine Boulevard and Rio Vista Boulevard. Police attended. They have located a 36 year old deceased male. The indications are the person has sustained a gunshot wound and subsequently deceased. Inquiries have identified the victim at this point and investigations continuing at the moment in order to locate his next of kin and identify his last movements. We would be seeking the assistance of the public or any members of the public who were in the vicinity of Hooker Boulevard between Rio Vista Boulevard and Sunshine Boulevard between about 2.30am who may have seen anything suspicious or heard anything suspicious or in fact any person who may have travelled the whole length of Hooker Boulevard in the early hours of the morning who may have again seen anything suspicious or in particular saw a male person walking along the road. A male person wearing a light blue hooded jacket and light grey jeans. Is that the deceased person? Yes. You mentioned just the one gunshot wound. What we can say at this stage is that indications are that he has sustained a gunshot wound. We can't speculate at this stage on how many until the postmortem is conducted. Where is the gunshot wound? It's to the torso. From the front? No. I don't want to particularise exactly where it is at this point but it's to the torso. It's certainly not three shots to the back as the media have been reporting. Do you know there was more than one shot fired? Are there multiple shell casings there? We have located a number of ejected cartridge cases at the scene but the search of the area is still being conducted as we speak. Does that indicate a semi-automatic weapon being used? Our ballistics specialists have the scene. They are examining the ejected cartridge cases and they will be able to determine the type of weapon used but at this point in time I'm not prepared to enlarge on that at this stage. Do you think he was walking along the road and shot or was he trying out of a car? We don't know. Is the victim known to police? He has been known to police but at this stage as I say inquiries are continuing to identify his full background, his movements. Any links to biker gangs or perhaps? At this point in time we haven't identified any link to any OMCGs. Do you think it was a premeditated thing or was it random from preliminary investigations? I don't know. Where exactly was his body found? The body was located on the left side of the road as you are heading away from Broad Beach on Hooker Boulevard at the intersection with Coakus Drive I think it is. So on the main arterial road the body was lying on the road? You've got the main Hooker Boulevard and you've got an intersection. The intersection is a minor road and as you turn left into that minor road it's basically just on that centre of that intersection there. But it was actually on the mission and on the road? Yes, yes. So is it possible that there could have been cars driving past him along Hooker Boulevard and not seen the body? I think anybody driving along would have seen it and in fact the police were notified by a security officer who came across the body and obviously initial thoughts were that the person had possibly been hit by a car Being at links to any other recent violent crimes? Well in any investigation of this kind we would look for any links with other offences. It's certainly too early to say in relation to this matter at this time. We're in the early stages and as I say we've only just recently identified the victim and inquiries that are being undertaken now in order to identify his movements. The victim was from that area? The victim, well inquiries are still continuing in relation to his history. We do know that he has resided on the Gold Coast but we can't be specific at this date as to where he resides. Did witnesses hear any yelling? Was there anything precipitating shooting? No. Any reports of gunshots being heard? We've conducted doorknocks of the area and we have located some people who've heard what they believe were gunshots around about the 2.20 to 2.30 am. How many gunshots did they hear? Well that varies at this stage so inquiries are still continuing statements of being obtained from those people so we'll try to narrow that down. Will this be a case of Task Force Resolve? The investigation is currently being undertaken by detectives from our southern investigative group and they are being assisted by officers from the homicide investigation group in Task Force Resolve. Just on Task Force Resolve, I know that they've got a hand in this one as well. I remember when they were informed that there were 8 serious crimes that were investigating. Is this now bringing up to 11? Do you know? No, this is, as I say, this matter is being investigated by the southern investigative group and they're being supported at this point by Task Force Resolve. Thoughts on another gun crime on the coast date? Sorry? Thoughts on another gun crime on the coast? We're obviously concerned about any incident that involves a firearm. We obviously treat these matters very seriously and we put a lot of efforts and a lot of resources into investigating not only these matters but also anything in relation to unlicensed firearms. Is it too easy to get an unlicensed firearm? It would appear that there are. Well I can't comment on how easy it is but obviously we've had a number of incidents involving firearms. We are actively investigating those and as you're probably aware that we executed a search warrant yesterday and recovered quite a number of illegal guns yesterday afternoon. So the police are constantly following these matters up, constantly conducting investigations in relation to firearms and we are having some successes. Including Damien Leading's death, this is the third fatal shooting. Have you ever seen this level of violence on the Gold Coast before? Well I've only been on the Gold Coast for a number of years. Certainly any shooting whether it's on the Gold Coast or otherwise is not acceptable. We treat all shootings seriously whether they're fatal or otherwise. Certainly a lot of resources will go into this investigation. As I say we're being supported by the Homicide Investigation Group and Task Force Resolve. We hope to have this matter finalised as soon as possible. How concerned are you about the escalation in this kind of crime? Any offence involving a firearm is of concern to the police and that's why we put so many resources into it. Is there any indication this is a drive-by shooting? No we don't know at this stage as I say it's early days. All we have at the moment is a deceased male person lying on the road. How did you identify him? Just through normal police procedures. Is he well known to police? No. Do you have ID on him and a wallet on him? I don't want to talk about what he had on him. Residents around that area are saying that they're shocked by the crime and some of them are scared. Do they have a reason to be scared that there might be somebody out on the loose that is a threat to them? Well I don't think so. It's very difficult to say at this stage as to what the motive was for this particular offence. We have had a number of shootings as you're well aware. The shootings are generally between specific groups of people. It's generally not involving the average member of the public. It's generally involving specific groups of people or domestic related. Every day we have thousands and thousands of people attend the Gold Coast and they come for the day and they leave without being confronted by any crime whatsoever. So I would reassure the public that the average member of the public shouldn't be concerned and we are putting as many resources as we can obviously into finalising this matter. Was the man found dead? Was he armed? No. Those weapons you found yesterday in that way, can you just elaborate on where that was and what you actually found? I don't have the details actually with me at the moment, but I know that they recovered handguns and a shotgun and drugs. How many guns were found? Three I think. The man's criminal history is it extensive? No. And what is it for? I don't want to go into the actual details of it, but it's not extensive. And he's not linked to any known sort of yellow gang. I don't mind that this is very early in the piece. The scene itself is still being investigated and the police are only just, as we speak, moving back to the major incident room to conduct further investigation. So we can't be sure at this stage as to what the motive is or who his associates are or anything at this point in time. That will evolve throughout the day. Do you have any security footage? That's a part of our normal investigation would be to gather security footage from every available source and that's being done there. Do you know roughly how many detectives are working on it all up? Look, it'll probably increase throughout the day and it will depend on how the investigation evolves, but probably as of this morning we would have had probably 15. His associates are they known to the police? We haven't got to that point yet. We've identified all the associates. Is Hydra involved? No, not at this point. Those weapons that were recovered yesterday just in regards to what I mentioned before about obtaining the legal firearms on the Gold Coast. How did you find those ones yesterday? It was during a raid in service paradise in East England. Not much of the details, but firearms and a shotgun are all legal. Well, as I say, the police on the Gold Coast are constantly investigating and following up information in relation to information of criminals having guns and this was just another one of those investigations that the police have followed through. Identify the suspects, execute a search warrant and recover the guns. Do you think what we're seeing at the moment is a spike in gun crimes or is it a trend that's sort of emerging on the Gold Coast? I don't know whether it's actually a spike in guns, but we've certainly had our fair share in recent times of serious offences involving guns. It's not only on the Gold Coast, obviously it occurs in other places, but as far as we're concerned, even one offence involving a gun is one too many, so we're happy to put as many resources into it as we possibly can. Is it fair to say, Dave, that given the three weapons recovered yesterday and the one in the drain pipe at Revena on Monday, that the police have recovered four illegal weapons this week? Well, that's correct, it is. There's no suggested link to that, to the Tavern incident? No. As more shootings happen on the Gold Coast, do you think there's more demand for police? That's sort of an open-ended question. We've had a significant increase in the number of police on the Gold Coast in recent times, including detectives, so nevertheless, these incidents still occur. Dave, there was figures come out yesterday that the funding on the Gold Coast has reduced by 10%. Is that a figures leasing levels? I don't want to talk about budgets, obviously, and staffing issues. We're here to talk about this particular job, and as I say, we've got sufficient resources at this point to manage this job. How are you going to stop these gun violence? Well, you know, it's probably fair to say that these types of offences are going to happen in the future. They've happened in the past and they'll continue to occur. We will continue to respond to them. We will put all our resources into investigating them as they occur, and we've had significant success in the past and we hope to do so in the future. Do you know what this man was doing on Hooker Boulevard at 2 in the morning? No. And I would ask the media to... You know, you're asking lots of questions here, which is fine, but I would ask you to reinforce that assistance to the public or that request for assistance from the public. We are particularly interested in anybody that was on Hooker Boulevard in the early hours of the morning, the whole length of Hooker Boulevard who may have seen this person walking down the road, description being a male 36 years wearing a light blue hooded jacket and light grey jeans, or particularly in relation to that area between Sunshine Boulevard and Rio Vista Boulevard. As it stands at the moment, we merely have a body located on the road. We would seek the assistance of anybody who saw him prior to the offence occurring or saw anything suspicious or heard anything suspicious. Are you looking for any specific type of car or other person? Not at this time. Are there any sort of leads that you've got at the moment that you're showing any signs of promise, Dave? Well, early days, as I say, it's still very early days and as we speak, the detectives are gathering in the major incident room and we'll be following up. Now he's been identified, that'll give us some areas to start looking. Is it possible he was forced out of the car? He may have been travelling with people? At the moment, we haven't notified next to kin. For the moment, we're concentrating on identifying his residents, identifying his movements, identifying his next to kin. We know what suburb he was from. Well, as I said earlier, we can't categorically say at this stage where he's living, we have some ideas, but we need to follow that through and I can't speculate on that. Do you think he'll be the very least any name later in the day? That's possible. It'll depend on just next to kin and just how the investigation goes.