So you can either sit, spend your spare or read enough. Elections, let's do some predictions short. We'll sit. Okay. And I fear that we're not going to see. And you also have. Right. Right. Right. People are joining in. Julie Popworth, I see you're there. Could you tell us in the chat whether you can see us? I don't think you can. I'm assuming you can hear us. I see you, but can you. Right. Then let's try some different cameras. That's just to come on. Hello, everybody online, we are, we are planning to start. Okay. Okay. I'm going to turn off the camera of my own, you see, so it's hoping that. Doesn't do it here. Then we will. Presentation. Right. You're getting there. Right. If I had an excuse, it would be. It would be that I am. I have time zone. Well, I think. I think they can hear us, but they can't see us. Right. The powerpoint screen is now visible. Yes. So the PowerPoint screen is now visible. We're told by Josh. We're down so we can use this. From the beginning. And then we'll have to rely on. Welcome everybody to tonight's first maritime history. King's maritime history seminar. You all know you're in the Department of War studies here at King's of the law and the history unit. I think some of you know that you're also being hosted by the. Michael Howard Center for the history of war. And I'm delighted to meet you. I'm delighted to be a member of the United States. I have been dedicated to. Lloyd's British. And various others. And I am delighted. Tonight because we have a speaker who came to us very highly recommended. So we have Lee. A journalist. And the journalist who has specialized in insurance and risk. and three years of communications with the UK P&I Club. And she's the author of a book, Merchants, Mariners and Mavericks, Lloyd's Agents for the first 200 years. And Lee received an MA in the history of medicine in 2018 from Birkbeck and is now the facilitator of the History Fellows of the Society of Apothecaries. We know them well, actually indirectly. So there is no one better to welcome back to this final term or this final set of lectures and no one better to talk to us about the Witte Island disaster, which is why Lee is here. So it's been our thanks that I hand over to you. It's apologies to people online that they can't see you. If I dare, I might try to meddle while you speak, but I probably won't. So it's a thanks that I hand over to you and this will function as normal. Should I do with that? I can if you like. Or wave at it, because it's going to be a bit... Okay, you can wave. Go ahead. I'll do the next slide to you. So thank you all very much. I feel a slight intermovement from the medical historians. But as Alan says, I have spent some time dealing with things maritime and Julie Papworth encouraged me to come and talk to you. So this was a tragedy, a casualty that really sticks in my mind. A joyboid's list in 1978 in November. And on the 6th of January, 1979, 121,000 deadweight tons tanker battle tears had competed birthing at the offshore jetty about 400 meters off Whitty Island, Bantry Bay, County Cork in the Southwest of Ireland. On the 8th of January, shortly after midnight, fire enveloped a large section of the ship and the offshore jetty. There are a number of explosions and then an enormous one. The crew of the tanker, the wife of one crew member, two visitors to the tanker, the crew on the jetty and the ship's pilot, 50 people in all died. The vessel broke into three and there was extensive damage to the jetty and its installations. Tanker explosions were nothing new, but this was exceptional. It didn't involve a vessel under a flag of convenience in a remote country or indeed what one of the underwriters used to call crew of convenience. It was in Ireland. The owner of the battleships with the French oil major tactile, the jetty and terminal where the oil was discharged were under-operated by Gulf of Ireland. All the victims were French, Irish or British. The official inquiry that followed laid the major share of responsibility for the loss of the ship on tactile. But the tribunal also cascaded Gulf, the decisions and actions that led to the deaths. There was no rescue from the beginning of the fire at midnight 30 to the ultimate explosion at five past one. Only 27 bodies were ever recovered. Within a few months, sufficient flag states had ratified the 1974 International Convention for the safety of life at sea or so was 1974. And it came into force a year later on 25 May of 1980. This didn't stop tanker explosions because there were still many older tankers training without the safety measures required under so was. But change was underway. Today, there are still issues unresolved in Ireland. Even now, more than 40 years later, anger remains among the families of the victims and others who were affected, like the firemen. They blamed failures by the Irish government to enforce safety regulations with the Ireland. They say there was no focus in the subsequent official inquiry into these domestic regulatory failures and say that the state has failed to establish independent investigative procedures for maritime accidents. So that's what it looked like a day later. They continue to call for a formal state apology and to change the death certificates to unlawful death under the right to life provisions of Article II of the European Convention of Human Rights. At the time of the explosion, I was the insurance correspondent for its list. I didn't write the initial stories but followed the later developments. So in addition to the various sources I'll just describe, I've added some comments from my memory to the extent that I can stand by. So there is the headline from the Irish Times. Those are the headings that I'm going to use. A significant primary source is the report of the official tribunal by the Irish Parliament, published on July 1980. I've consulted Lawrence Liz towards Cajun II reports and frustratingly, as you probably know, Lawrence Liz to this immediate period is not a digitized new index. So I haven't been able to search as assiduously as I would have liked. Neither are the annual reports of Gulf or Total easily available in this country at least. For some comments, I refer to a paper called The Strange History of Tank Inherty by Jack DeVaney of the Center for Tanks of Excellence in Florida. The center was basically in DeVaney with all the limitations that implies. I haven't been able to contact him but he did have a strong background in marine engineering, academia and tankers. What he says about the slow process of gas in the tankers reinforces my memory to the period and another industry commentator wrote similarly. Another important source is Michael Kinston. Michael is a maritime lawyer and also the son of one of the victims of the explosion. His father died when he was four. Michael has continued to campaign to reforms by the Irish government in its accident investigation processes, repeatedly stating that the Irish government has not learned the lessons of history. Michael currently works as a consultant for the International Maritime Organization and he's commented on this presentation. He's currently attending the Maritime Safety Committee meeting of I&O London. So I thought about the historical framework and I do think how one might look at it in a broader historical context. It seems to me that the losses that that ensures illustrates the slow speed of change in the maritime industry, even when there is clear limits of need and possible advantage. It's a long time since the risks of ensuring sea transport could be reasonably described in the language of the 18th century as the adventures and perils of a voyage to be ensured. This phrase from the 1779 Lloyds Hall form remained in use until 1978. I hope you can see that. The economics of shipping are clearly the major influence, especially when few members of the public are victims of an event. We also see inertia by the government of Ireland and dealing with its maritime regulatory and enforcement processes and maritime investigation. There are no reasons that I've been able to find out and Michael Kingston could not give me any reason of inertia. Finally, I'd add from the experience of researching this case, and I'll show you are all familiar with it, that a historian should be concerned about the reasonable availability of documents for future research, specialist libraries like the Caird at the National Maritime Museum around the financial pressure and may not be able to maintain holdings and subscribe to the valuable digital services that we'd be looking for. So, turning to the inquiry, I hope you can see, but it was the day following the explosion. The Irish minister for transport tourism appointed a severe in his department to carry out inquiry into the casualty. At the same time, an inspector was appointed by the minister for labor to require the disaster and it was also announced that the public inquiry would be held in the form of a tribunal inquiry and that's the report that I've referred. The first public sitting in the tribunal took place on the 6th of April, 1979. It had evidence for 65 days, took oral evidence or submissions for the six days. There were 184 witnesses who gave technical and expert testimony and evidence of the facts. On the 25th of July, 1980, the Irish Parliament published the report. It has 508 pages and makes 45 recommendations. Can you have some of the comment that we've got with this lecture? We'll see. Yes, there you are. You found some good practices between Tatar and Gulf, but much more strongly reported that there had been short-term economies on maintenance and upgrading, poor processes or failures to maintain good processes, negligence and sometimes gross negligence compounded by attempts to conceal or shift blame. The tribunal found that the major responsibility for the loss of the ship lay with the management of Tatar. It also revealed many factors under the control of Gulf that magnified its impact and resulted in the deaths on the ship and the jetty. I'll just read you a little bit. I was going to put it on the screen, but it's condensed. The report said the initiating event of the disaster was the buckling of the ship's structure out or about decadent and in the way of the permanent ballast tax for the ship's manifold. This was immediately followed by explosions in the permanent ballast tax and the breaking of the ship's back. These events were produced by the conjunction of two separate factors, a seriously weakened hull due to inadequate maintenance and an excessive stress due to incorrect ballasting on the light of the disaster. The report concluded, had the vessel been properly maintained, it is probable that the structure of the vessel would not have failed. Added to this the tribunal high light of the absence of two pieces of equipment that would have substantially reduced the risk of explosion. One was a load indicator and the other was an inert gas system. The report noted that it was virtually standard practice for large tankers even at that date to have an electronic component known as a load indicator or a mechanical means for calculating stresses during the moment of discharge. That just did not. I'll say a bit more about in that gas systems shortly. According to Woods List two days after the disaster, Bill Finnegan, chairman of Gulf War of Turner's in Ireland appeared at a press conference in Bantry Bay and put the responsibility of the exploding of art onto the ship. However, as I said, the report of the tribunal did not excel at Gulf War for previous decisions to put failures on the night and even active steps to conceal evidence. These conclusions appear in a chapter of the board headed suppression of the truth. This official report of the battleships explosion is a catalog of failures that will be familiar to those of you who read or perhaps even been involved in other inquiries into shipping and industrial disasters. It made me think of the Swiss cheese model of accident causation put forward by Professor James Reeson of the University of Manchester. He described an organization's defences against failure as a series of barriers lined up like sizes of Swiss cheese but with holes like Swiss cheese that represent weaknesses in parts of the system. In his book, Human Era, published in 1991, Reeson argued that accidents occur when these weaknesses coincide like having the holes in the Swiss cheese online. I don't know if this model of failure analysis has been used to examine historic maritime and neighbor disasters and near misses but it strikes me as having considerable potential, if not. That was once the file was out. You can see the damage on the jetty as well as the sectional issue. Dutch Salis Smith-Tak arrived in Bantree Bay with a survey team the day of the casualty. Total, the liability insurers and the Irish authorities wanted the remaining crude oil in the home and the rent removed as quickly as possible but it took many months to pump out the oil and shift this resection of the oil. At that time, the Bantree cheese was the largest ever salvage operation or of course, it's been overtaken since, I suspect by the cost of the quality of not having our oil. So like most salvage people, the class Reinigerd who oversaw the process, who I managed to speak to, is pragmatic. Yes, he says it was the largest ever today but it was not that exceptional. Well, you may feel differently if you watch the fascinating film Smith made at the ball process. It's available on YouTube and I can supply the links. So turning to the background, time for explosions were not new in 1987. They were in fact, the most frequently kind of non-walled tanker casualty according to Jack Devaney, who I mentioned. He recounts that at least in the United States, the first known conversion for wooden sailing ships carry oil was the Charles in 1869. She was fitted with 59 separate tanks. Three years later, the Charles got fired and was lost. The hydrocarbons carried by tankers produced volatile vapours. If the oxygen level in the air in the tank and the orange is above 10% or during the discharge, the mixture becomes combustible. Normal air contains about 21% of the cost. An ignition source, such as the cracking of metal plates, triggers and trigger an explosion. At its simplest, the process of inerting the tanks consists of diverting the portion of boiler exhaust gas to the scrubber, which is a little more than a large shower, which pulls the gas and extracts the sulfur. Then the combined, combusted low oxygen gas, the combusted low oxygen gas is pumped into the carbon tanks. If the system is properly maintained and operated, and that, you know, is not necessarily the case, the oxygen content in the tank atmosphere will be less than 5%. It will not support combustion, regardless of the amount of hydrocarbon in the tank. In 1932, and this goes back to the United States, a series of explosions took place in a sun oil tanker in the Delaware River. Sun oil knew they could make tankers much safer by inerting the carbon tanks. The technology was always in use of refineries, and they believed it could be adapted. By the end of 1933, all sun oil tankers were fitted with inert gas systems, and the company credited inerting, receding many lives on its ships during World War II. Sun oil also realised that proper inerting dramatically reduces steel corrosion rates in the carbon tanks. This was not only an important economic saving, but also another big safety and environmental factor, because tank corrosion can easily result from carbon leaking into balanced tanks with platforms where it becomes a major hazard. Amazingly, carbon-dejectivating, neither tanker owners nor tanker regulators seem to take any apparent notice of some success with inerting for nearly 30 years. After World War II, tanker explosions continued. The 26,972 dead-weight tanks down back to Japan was always certainly tanky when she blew up in the Arabian Sea in October 1958. The explosion ripped the deck off almost all the center tanks and tossed the midships' house into the sea, at least 19 people were killed, including everyone on the bridge. In 1956, the Suez crisis had triggered the demand for much larger tankers to carry crude oil from the Middle East to refineries worldwide. The 1960s brought even bigger ships, entering to service what became known as very large crude carriers, or VLCCs, with dead-weight tons of 200,000 or more. Three such vessel suffered enormous cargo tank explosions while tank-cleaning after cargo had been delivered within a three-week period in December 1969. Still very dirty. In 1974, the United States Coast Guard acted. It required tank inertia, although only on crude tankers above 100,000 dead-weight tons and built after 1974, so not to most on the store, the ships in service, and the regulation only applied to ships trading to the United States. The battleships was already 11 years old in 1979. She did not trade to the United States. So she wasn't under pressure from that Coast Guard regulation. The inquiry report indicates that Total wanted to sell her. According to the Lord's list article, Louis-Bouguzeau, president of Total and the ultimate ownership, also attended the press conference immediately after the disaster, and he commented that IGS in our gas systems had not been standard equipment in 1978 when the battleships was built. Although, as we've seen, Sonoma had them for much earlier. Jack DeVayne asked the obvious question, why was the industry so slow to adopt an obvious, effective safety measure, which probably pays for itself in the reduction of tank conversion? His cynical view was that with few notable exceptions, tanker owners did not see it in their interest. Certainly not to retrofit older tankers with low haul values. Nor, as I remember, was there a great insurance incentive. Hull insurance premiums were competitive. The insured value could be more than a second-hand market value. I certainly remember hearing such conversations in the insurance market at the time. Sonoma's 1974 sets minimum standards for the construction of equipment ships compatible with their safety. The flag states are responsible for ensuring ships under their flag comply with its requirements. The new version of Solas 1974 had been adopted on the 1st of November 1974, and it included measures for minimizing the possibility of admission of flammable cargo vapor, including requiring inert gas systems. At the time of the battleship's disaster in 1979, however, it had not received enough signatures to enter into force. That changed within a few months. By 25 May 1979, the minimum number of countries and monitored ratified sellers in 1974 and it came into force 12 months later. Initially, the Solas requirement for inert gas systems applied to tanks over 100,000 dead weight, but the threshold was reduced to 20,000 times dead weight per year. However, this was a period of significant tanker casualties because much of the tanker fleet was aging and many ships were either not inert or without good inert systems. For instance, and these are two I remember very well, two very large combination oil, bulk or carriers belonging to the Norwegian company Bergesen disappeared within four years of each other, one in 1975 and one in 1979, with a loss of 70 lives. Both are believed to have suffered catastrophic explosions, due to problems with inert gas system. I believe that it was the second ship, the Berge Vanger, that was rang the lutein bell for an overdue ship for the last time. In the early 1980s, there were three major tanker explosions on the LCCs within a few weeks of each other, the Maria Alejandro, the Alba Habi and the Heisei. By contrast, when the energy concentration broke about discharging in Rotterdam in 1980, the inert gas system worked. She was a total loss in insurance terms, but there was no explosion. Well, this is something of a diversion. I'd like to know the two other casualties from the period that I remember, and some of you may remember as well. One is the Darvishan, another combination carrier that was lost on the 9th of September 1980, south of Japan in Typhoon Orchard, all aboard her, which was 42 crew and two spouses died. At 91,655 gross tons, she was and remains the largest UK ship to have been lost at sea, I believe. The wreckage was only located in 1994. It turned out that the consequences of damage by storm waves to the ventilation pipes were blamed for the ship's loss. Another tanker loss was one of the most fascinating stories I worked on on Lloyd's list. Lloyd's first thought that the reported loss of the tanker sail on the coast of Senegal on the 17th of January 1980 was yet another tanker disaster of all the crew. Under Rogers became suspiciously quickly however, the ship was supposed to be fully laden with crude oil for genuine, which was unlikely to explode, but it was good and apparently the crew had the bags and packages ready when picked up another tanker which was conveniently in the vicinity. This was at a time of oil sanctions against the apartheid machine in South Africa and it soon emerged that the crew had secretly offloaded the cargo of 192,000 tons of crude oil in Durban before attempting to conceal the evidence by scouting the ship. The insurance claims which followed went all the way to the House of Lords and I enjoyed reporting them. So returning finally to the battleships. As far as I can find out, total insurance claims for the battleships amounted to $120 million. This would have included the hull and the lost cargo. The owners of the jetty internal reached an adequate settlement with the French owners of the vessel for their damages and as usual a P&I club ensured the ship owners liabilities. In this case it was the western England P&I club and it paid for the oil pollution response costs and the removal of the wreck. The ship's crew were covered by the French merchant marine scheme. In addition, there were out of port settlements to the families of the other men who died. There were no trials for manslaughter of gross negligence related to the disaster nor convictions for any offenses. In France and Ireland, this is not the end of the story. More than 43 years later, the families of the victims do not feel the Irish government has dealt with the issues properly. An argument articulated clearly and frequently by Michael Kingston. There you see the memorial service for the 40th anniversary on the island and the memorial is put up. As recently as July 2020, the European Court of Justice found against Ireland in a case brought by the European Commission. The court said Ireland had failed to create an investigative body for maritime transport accidents that was independent in its organization and decision making of any party whose interest could conflate with a trusted to the investigative body. That was because officials from the Department of Transport served on the maritime casualty investigation board. They resigned, children resigned after the judgment. In January 2021, during pre-legislative scrutiny of the legislation that had to be backed to follow the judgment, Michael Kingston presented a new report by maritime consultant, Marine Hazardment, that highlighted the fundamental and repeated failures of Ireland's maritime investigation system. He says that a number of Irish politicians have now called for public inquiries. In September 2021, the Irish television and radio network RTE produced Fire in the Sky, which you can watch. It's a vivid account of what happened that night, mainly from Irish citizens and family members. It also includes criticism of the Irish government by former president of Ireland, Mary McLeasy, a Barra student who was working for RTE as a journalist and presenter in 1979. Parliamentary debate followed the area of the program. Deputy Minister of State, the Department of Transport responded to criticisms and argued that the government had updated its strategy for the Irish maritime directorate. She said work was continuing to amend legislation and consider the organizational structures in marine casualty investigation. However, Michael Kingston and the French Irish Association of the Friends and Families of the Battleships say the government has still more proposed fundamental changes required. He told me yesterday by email that he's actively preparing a formal request to the Attorney General of Ireland to direct a new inquest into the deaths. They say the victims of the disaster died unlawfully due to safety breaches and the failure by the state to ensure safe operations. They argued that as such, the original coroners' verdicts did not consider the surrounding circumstances of the deaths, which is a fundamental right under the European Convention on Human Rights. They may also include a simultaneous application for judicial review. So the noise of the original explosion of the accident continues to reverberate across the country. Thank you very much. Pressing you long ago as well. So we would hope that there will be more progress and so forth. So I'm going to invite everybody now to ask questions. I'm going to see if there are any online and there is. Please. Signature. Disaster. Fascinating research presentation. Thank you for your important work. Have you studied any other disasters in the same way? The same extent. Not recently. I remember working. That's not the same. Yeah. City. Explosion. Provider explosion. And that was one of the reasons like the herald of free enterprise. And there's another one where it was concealed. And these inquiries so often seem to involve familiar things. There are weaknesses and weaknesses are compounded and then often by attempts to shift lane to find evidence or at least not bring it forward. So that's certainly the case. And I suspect, Michael Casey talks about Hillsborough and I think we have a number of cases where Hillsborough never worked correctly where evidence was not correct. Where are Hillsborough? No. I don't know the details now. I don't know whether any of you have taken part in any of these inquiries. A number of a fascinating presentation with NCA for the health and safety department. It poses so many questions. Still one of the practical issues is small maritime states have very limited confidence in terms of investment before this. United States, UK, France Norway have very good maritime investigation for a professional event. Somewhere like Ireland similar with the hearts of lots of other types of convenience. They've got no capability and they often call world classification societies to assist with investigations. They're one thing you have mentioned here which is quite an important feature who are both a pillar of conservatism in maritime history but can also be ignored. My real question here is you're dealing with three different jurisdictions. You're dealing with the Irish part. So you're dealing with the French part. So you're dealing with the French part and also the Irish part. And also you're dealing with the American OK, as Y Fay reports the injustices. Yes, I have a great viewer about that. See my I would discuss on this but I did and actively invest to get to this. They certainly did pull in exteriors between much of which was from the UK. And I did think of looking at the most of the attention part, because that was applied state. But it's like more than a piece of thread on the part where you just keep scouting, thinking, never come to the end. But I'm sure there was a country investigation. I didn't really see anything in the states. What I wanted to do was to see what to tell and, God, what I'm putting around the reports at the time that I wasn't able to get those reports in London or easily in the UK. Turn to the class societies. Certainly Jack Vain was quite critical, because he said, as well as the foreign states, that they depend on attracting shipments. Is there a very task, by the way, for defections? They depend on attracting shipments. And so there is someone in the decision when it comes to some of their work. Who is it? Guy, here we go. The time I was in the pre-script of hell, which the Irish state, when the time was in. It was a huge, huge media on stuff here. But what you haven't mentioned, it shouldn't have been there for the first place, because it was originally meant to help the fortune. Although you put that up, but it's very difficult to see. The other thing is, at the time, it was 42,000 people died, 700. Yeah. One brick, that was a 30-bit. But only 27,000 people died. Simply because most of them were incinerated in the Bay. It's good. And goes on the actual jet itself, which is a huge thing. Well, I live in the Bay, but I'm just born off of it. When you're talking about it's so less et cetera, et cetera, et cetera, that's where the double-bottom style type of event of ships, right? But older ships were given about 15 years to be re-appointed. Simple because no one could agree with you mention it. But that's typical of the ship that we're talking about. Oh, yeah. I mean, I don't know. But the worst of the worst. As are most of the developed countries, and we're not afraid to put these things around and flag it in the United States. We should basically just take care of them. But the whole point of use is the European human rights legislation to cover the climate. It's all the exposed factor. Because Ireland wasn't in the United States. No. It's just a subsequent bit of work. So I don't see how they can actually do the big comments. Well, I rely on Michael Kingston totally. It is the most applied of countries in the Parisian water. So he has been pursuing it for 40, well, not quite 40 years. This is the difference for the time. But because you're not doing that for 40 years. But going back to your point about the double-bottoms, and I'm not sure I could be very specific. But I certainly remember. I mean, we've had Exxon Amica Cadets just before this. I thought about including the whole issue of pollution. But that was too much. We've had Exxon Amica Cadets with Exxon Feldes. We've had the Haven. We've had a number of times. And again, as you say, the same resistance to the double-bottoms, I think, was, as I remember, and this is after I left, what's this? It was the old pollution act in 1990 in the United States. But again, it forced the adoption of double-bottoms. But again, there are always these, they don't seem to be able to compel retrofitting. And that was certainly the case with the gas systems. Yeah, what do you think about that? So it was forced to do the opposite. It's like, especially critics from some of the other regions where the evidence is. Yes. I've had some dealings with the Liberians. With the Liberian acts of inter-estimation people. And they are my British experts, ex-masters. They were quite conscientious. They had to have quarters of rest in Virginia. I used to deal with them. And they were quite conscientious of the Liberians. I think they were the biggest flag at the time. A certain of the biggest flag of the Liberians. They used to call it the Pan Amica Cadets. Yeah. The Pan Amica Cadets. But the underage is other concerns. As I said, they called the crews the Cadets. Because they were very critical of the, you know, they said, you can have enough of the good ship under a flag of convenience. But if it's operated by a poor train, you know. Yeah, I've never seen that with P.E. in all of this, President. Now, that's my case. They will do anything to go to the bottom like, Shackle was always doing. The bottom line is safety. Well, we'll forget about it. And tell them. Yeah, but there's a comment, I think, following in on this. Ireland during the EU in 1973. Now, also, this point of the European Convention of Human Rights is a world convention over and above the EU, albeit in China, the fundamental charter of the EU. So there might be no. No, no, it's unfortunately European, not worldwide. And it was founded in 1849, about the EUCHR. So it predates both the creation of the controversial common market and the British and Irish during the 19th century. OK, OK. But it wasn't really about the 19th century. What it said, it was the EUCHR decision was concerning the capacity of the court in Ireland to have two mental insurance. It was in the European Court of Justice judgment. No, it can't be the European Court of Justice judgment in the European Union. This was this was in 2020. Oh, 2020. The European Court of Justice case related to the structure of the maritime accident investigations, which included people to the public transport. And so the court said, this is not according to the European law, gave court of independent judge. The EUCHR's judgment, actually, they gave the technical same position of rationale, which caused the Supreme Court to move down the road and out of the House of Lords in the EUCHR. So that's great. And was the UK, I have to remind you, I can't remember the details, because the UK set up its hopefully independent relics investigation branch after the free enterprise, which I think was 86. Which is completely interesting. Yeah, it was after this. But Michael Kingston says that that's why we should follow that. They thought about the other side of the tree. Oh, yeah, I think there's a little difficulty of how we can get independence and competence together. Because the people, I mean, there's this concept of inspector of capture.   Where, again, those inspector of capture relics, you're not sure how people from those sectors in and the colour and enquire about that, I think that's very much about the needs of the touch. But it's a very legalistic fiction you've been detaching. So you still need to be able to understand the industry but understand it without being captured by sectional interests. And that I think is, again, you've been criticised, they are just about the customer. They probably didn't have anybody else in Ireland with that sort of expertise. And they probably didn't have two or three legal expertise in the market of customers. I mean, keep this a challenge to the trade terms. I was not slightly worried about going into it. Because you're working with people all the time, you understand what their concerns are. And if you're also, say, a consultant, you're going to be a part of that, you're going to be working with them, and you have personal relationships. Well, I remember very well, Mr. Lampus, when the tunnel collapsed, the huge road on the express. Everybody was bidding for the tunnel to help people with tunneling expertise and access their experience and arrow of all the other wing consultants. Agent, I remember, as I was the budget holder, HSE was spending, I think it was about 8,000 a day to purchase expertise, to accept all the expertise around that. I think the other one was you've got to look at the high and low, given that the payments into the high and low depend on the size of the fleet, and the big things are the size of convenience, and so there's a lot of best of the interest in making sure that life is good to their lives. And particularly then with one of the second-hand ships, rather than to the maritime nations who tend to buy new ships, and the island nations seem to be the same, I think, after this. So there's a lot of compromise even in the international bodies about what's on the agenda in what is, and double bottomings were not with the same bit of harmony, as in our case, if one was safe to be right, it seems the island was in harmony, but those two bits don't talk to each other like that. Can we return to safety measures and legalities and just follow up Joshua Downs' question? He's got Gordon Lightfoot going through his mind, the record, it's Gerald, and he's wondering if we've seen the memorial service. He's wondering if there's been other kind of popular representations of this or commemorations of this, and outside of the courts, how has it been remembered? That's the question, I think that's... Somebody just pushed the green button for you. Do you agree? The green button on the side, if you're to your right. And to push that, yeah. There's certainly been... I think every 10 years in that, I expect there are France, the French-Irish Association of the Relatives and Friends of the Britishers. It does various things. What else does there be? And certainly local things as well. I couldn't tell what they were, but it's getting through the court news pages. I certainly found references to events commemorating it because the people on the shore were very effective, to not just those who lost people. If you listen to the choir in the sky, and I very felt they'd send the links, you can get that for free, it's a radio program, listening to the eyewitnesses. Many of them were really shocked, traumatized, because there was this delay. It was people on the... And I'll say this because I didn't... I was a bit reluctant to put it into formal presentation. A lot of the criticism of God, then of the absence of the controller at the time of the accident. And he said he was there, and the evidence was that he wasn't, and it delayed the urgency for small schools. And again, what wants to follow it up, all 508 pages are available. Yes. One, two, three. Which I think you can download, or I can... Oh, if you wish. I didn't read it. I didn't read it. But nothing in song. That, I think, is a specific question. Maybe there ought to be. Christian or Brother or Sister, I think. You think so? There is one. All right, OK, so there is... This is when the violence just was like over. And I believe God has reopened the tunnel for 30 minutes. Right, OK. Very good. Sorry about the disruptions there with the decaying people, but when... No, no, not you people. No policies. You can do that yourself. No, no, the earlier ones. They came back to steal our wine glasses, and I didn't tell them that those wine glasses don't belong to them. So I don't know if I'm about to get reported to the college higher or above. Yes, I had to keep them away from our wine glasses, but they're there for us, specifically for you. And it might even be a time to partake if we're all agreed.  May I? May I do a small commercial? Yes, please do. Just to say that... Thank you all very much for your questions about it. And may I invite anyone who's interested to come to the history films at the Society of Poppies. We're very glad to welcome, I guess, or to the people that you know. Excellent. And Louise Sanger and Barbara Jones are saying their hello from the... from the... from the eaters. Very good. Yes, the popper is there. They have to recommend it. Right. Excellent. Thank you. We can have a round of applause for you. Bringing the... bringing the... to America should be on the shooting menu. We'll have... We have a sub-credits... Just to take a look. Just a little bit of... a little bit of... just a little bit of... a little bit of... Which is a good... A little bit of... you know, for the sub-credits.  You know, the... Just to... or... all of these things... are represented. So... It was... It was... It was... given a story... You know, another story. I know, I know. Yes. A story. Critical. framework. Right. And it was kind of a hostage seat.


Life from New York. It's asking engineer. Hey everybody and welcome to ask engineer. It's me Lady Ada the engineer with me Mr. Lady Ada They've got a fun filled and hopefully relaxing show to get through the next hour some Special releases happening lots of news and videos giveaways products, it's out yet eyeballs and more Mr. Lady, I want you to tell them what's on tonight's show tonight show the code is dual diodes just a reminder Our discount codes and not work with raspberry pie things that are like hot off the press as in If there happens be one in the store later So 10% off everything in sort except for give certificates, of course and things like raspberry pie We'll talk about some of our live shows including Chantel Which we just had a few moments ago a little bit of a recap from desk of Lady Ada including the great search We've got JP's product a pick of the week Advanced manufacturing made right here in New York City got some factory footage will show off some projects from noi and Pedro Including a speed-up and fun other project that we're going to share this week to get some iron and PI Brought to you by digikey this week. It's from e-switch a little bit of a top secret get back in the Little short videos that we do to give you even more of a glimpse of what's going on So we got one of those we're going to show this week New products we answer your questions. We do that on discord a deferred at slash discord We answer the questions towards the end of the show, but sometimes we cannot know Enter them when we see them champ We're gonna talk about all that and more on you guessed it. That's gonna junior Okay, so we interrupt this ask an engineer to give you a little bit of a reminder I'm gonna say some things right now. We're live for all the live folks who watch our show. Thank you We're gonna do something a little special For the folks that are watching live. So if you're watching this after it's live, that's the way it goes sometimes So there's not gonna be enough raspberry pi fives out there They're doing it pre-orders the best way to get it is from raspberry pi They own two magazines magpie and hackspace subscribe to those magazines you get a code and you can purchase some resellers are getting them And it'll be you know a little bit at a time and eventually there'll be more but I saw on Tom's hardware There's already people selling raspberry pi fives on eBay for you know, like $200 So this is a common cycle that happens over and over pre-orders are possible at some sites Some sites aren't authorized resellers are doing it anyways So you can do it you can you can you computer what we're gonna always do is stick to what has worked, which is If we have something in our store, you can purchase it so You know besides like eight boxes subscription service if there's something that you see that's in stock in our store It means we physically have it and we can sell it We do things like fraud protection and make sure people are only buying one One per customer for things like raspberry pi and we also have two factor authentication That that eliminated bots essentially in case you're all wondering. Yes, it's possible for bots to do this stuff but turns out that's a lot of work and People don't want to do that. So if you want a raspberry pi five It'd be a very good idea to right now log into your aterford account and get ready Please don't put this on social media just for the next couple minutes Because there's a lot of websites that look for when things are in stock and they like you know tweet it and Or exit or whatever you want to call it now And we wanted to give the live audience a chance to get some of these So if you're looking for a raspberry pi four gigabyte, we have those in stock already Raspberry pi a five four we have no I'm talking about a five Gigabyte raspberry pi five four gigabytes. Yeah, just get ready if you want one because we're gonna put them in the store in just a few Moments, but just log into your account. Make sure to factor authentication the discount code doesn't work with us Of course, and if something happens and we run out of these sorry, but we want to do something special for the live audience Because you know pre-order back orders that doesn't work out because we're only gonna get a few so we want to like well Let's do something for the folks who watch this show Live every week. So this is my long-winded way. I'm saying this because we're gonna put them in the store right now Okay, and I just want to mention We already have pi fours in stocks. If you don't need a pi five. Oh, yeah, you can buy pi four. Yeah, that's a little fun I'm disappearing.  It is like the bat symbol. Yeah, and what I'm gonna do is go to our website and Show it on the screen here and you can see raspberry pi five four gigabyte. The product ID is 5812 You know feel free to put it in chat and then I'm gonna hit refresh Okay, they're now in stock right now see where it says $60 and it's in stock. Yeah So it's in stock. Okay. I'm back. Yeah, so that means it's they're in stock right now And you know we have this is the first batch. We have and we know that they're gonna go really fast Don't forget to have your two-factor Yeah, so get a little bit of a minute if you want to like we don't have the official power spots We do have the camera cables and we do have some other stuff the heat sink thing If you want the heat sink thing like that isn't stopped. Yeah, so, you know We think about this carefully because it when the Raspberry Pi's first came out years ago There wasn't enough either and so what we said is instead of so some people were charging more for them This is you know, like, I don't know almost 10 years ago They're not gone yet They're still around we didn't know yeah, we're this isn't you're still they're still there you have a chance They're still there Like 10 years ago or so when the Raspberry Pi first came out people were charging more They were doing things that were making it really hard to get them. So we just said well if someone Bought it was like $300 worth stuff on our store We'll just give you one for free because I was like that was that was a way to get these out there to You know the the best customers in the community at the time We wouldn't do that now because that that's not the point of Raspberry Pi when these first came out It was it was very new and I looked around there was a lot of like Influencers that got these there is some in they're like here's Raspberry Pi And you know they read off the specs and stuff Some resellers will have a small number, but those will those pre-orders back orders will go out and then they have to wait again and We thought well We can always switch up doing that But I think if you're purchasing something nowadays you always feel free to pre-order somewhere else But if you're purchasing nowadays Why not just Get it from place that's open source hardware. You're supporting us No, I still ask you about so we do not the official reply hasn't shipped you can use a Raspberry Pi for power supply Honestly any USB C power supply. You only really need two amps. So you're connecting a lot of other things Stone stock which means yeah, we're doing great. So the case for that the USB they didn't ship Yeah, we only have the cables and the And he'd say I did this kind of off biz hours. So RPI locator just a second ago on Twitter X sorry Just picked it up. So if you're thinking of doing this you check out fast cuz now, yeah But no one was expecting this. Yeah, so we thought this might be a fun surprise for the small number that we got so once again, these are Raspberry Pi fives for gigabyte and Don't forget the discount is not applying You can still use the discount for special. It's our special thing for you. This is why watching live. This is why live shows are fun Okay so anyways and Folks had a few minutes before our PI locator saw it. So that is our little fun thing that we're gonna do Yeah, folks got them and thanks for watching the live shows. We'll you know, y'all are our community We're never gonna please the angry jerks out there who just want to like resell these never gonna please them so what can we do stuff like this make a live show special make it fun and Yeah, they replied to their own tweet. They're like, well, yeah, no, it's weird Like why like normally we do it in the morning, but it's because we yeah And a few folks which are pi locator should a few folks have emailed me They're like, can you give me any heads of I'm like, well, I'll just watch our live shows I think you know, it's like we don't know when things are gonna come in Ourself sometimes, but I'm just like if we're gonna do something. Let's try to take this morning Yeah, let's try to take care of the folks who Watch the shows, you know, there's always something special about live events. It's why you know You go to concerts. You can always listen to it on Streaming, but there's something special about a concert. So anyways, I want to say thank you to everybody Now if you missed out, don't worry. Here's what you do. Just make sure you have an account have two factor authentication set up and Be ready for the next time. So looks like I'm a bunch of folks got them. So I'm so glad that's good news. Okay. So Lady, let's talk about the rest of show. Okay, we do a bunch of live stuff including Show and tell that was just on yeah, we had some folks come on the show and tell Scott talked about the SILabs Event that he's doing tomorrow morning Stream so check it out. Um, we're gonna I'll put the link in the chat, but check out the blog post just scored and you can tune in I think it's available later too And I'll just give you a little bit of a preview here This is the Bluetooth app development. We took a Python tomorrow at 9 a.m. Central time I'll be doing this other show and tell things people and more It's got showed the circuit Python 9 updates which has like these cool warning things when we change When we change we like to change since a major versions and it even catches me and a wares And so it's okay. Can we have warnings like deprecation warnings like we do in CPython? He said that's a good idea I think we both agreed. So now if you're using a deprecated Function or library, it'll warn you and it'll tell you what to do as well So The other things that were on the show until other people places things JP should just cool like power wash. Thank you Yes, we've got something so that was a lot of fun 3D power wash. Yeah, Liz has this really cool scoreboard that shows sports and chess stats She's playing chess right now. You can see who's winning in their household Sports scores weather and more and then Erin wants to make her fair make her first back In the Bay Area, this is the Maryland maker fair and showed not only her projects and more but some of the Projects said she saw it maker. She interviewed and people she met we have those on our YouTube channel But you can also check out the show until if you want to see Erin's trip to make her fair Show tells every single week some 30 p.m. Eastern time come by show and share the things that you've made We'll see you there next week We do from the disability to every single week. It's in two parts. What did you show in part one this week? Okay, part one I talked about a script that I wrote and I wrote a Script that I wrote with some help from Chetcha BT and I published to the eight of her playground She'll chat about a little bit later about how to clean up your Arduino library folder so I have hundreds of libraries that I help maintain and They're constantly being updated and I have to make sure that I'm on the right branch and that you know If I do a PR I have to go back to the main branch and then if somebody else does a PR I want to make sure that I grab it and it's like how do you basically do a get pull on hundreds of subfolders? Also deleting old versions of libraries since I you know, I don't need old versions because we're starting to slow down the IDE So I wrote a script. It's really useful and handy and I think other people who write a lot of Arduino libraries We'll find it helpful as well. I also showed I'm getting back to working on the pie camera The the circuit Python came full camera I got some photos being taken and designed an LED front plate that will like be able to do colorful effects and Ring lighting I also showed off Also, they show off. I also did a QR code demo and also I did a redesign of the 3.5 inch TFT feather wing and also I demoed that the This classic thing pulse weather station is now updated for the latest version of the 2.4 inch feather wing So just one of the many about like 480 redesigns and it's just a that's long yeah, and The great search Brought you by did you key lady did it helps you find the things you're looking for on did you key comm? What did you show or find sorry this week? So I looked on social media and I saw someone post a GPU board that is That got damaged from overheating or overcurrenting who knows what and they didn't want to throw away You know the GPU board and they want to just replace the power connector And so I was like last week on the great search I showed how to identify connector using calipers that you had physically that connector on hand But this time like how can we find a replacement connector when we don't even have it in front of us from a photo? So some things to look for notches how to guess with the pitches of a big connector and we found the connector It's only 60 cents. So if you have a GPU board, apparently this is like a standard GPU power connector And you damage the the the power contacts and I found a couple options that are in stock at digi key Yeah, and just to tune everyone into the The festivities we still have them in stock. So I didn't notify people yet. We didn't send out the notifications Maybe we will well as soon as we go to the next. Yeah, so here's an interesting thing with RPI locator with a Twitter kind of sorry X kind of being demolished because it's a Garbage satisfactory on that just makes everyone miserable Yeah, I think not as many people are You know like watching Twitter anymore, so it's also eight o'clock at night So yeah, so usually these evaporate and we usually do it during business hours So I think we got lucky right now So I'd say if you're if you're on the fence Go for it because we're probably gonna send out some of the email notifications They'll be gone then they'll be gone gone for sure, but that's good to know I think we'll probably do this again in the future, but we just yeah, we get more Maybe we'll do it like during a desk of lady and we got all sorts of things we could do So I do I do think like 80% of the people who were signed up in water as we pay for is we're not actually gonna use them They were selling them on Facebook. Yeah, a lot of a lot of It's a self perpetuating issue like the fewer people get them more the values And I think also there was probably some like newsletters that went out that were like, hey You want to make money from home buy pi fours and sell them on eBay and people got into it I think I don't think they're keep they don't keep track of the Raspberry Pi releases. I don't think they're like, oh, yeah Let's do the Python. I think 8 p.m. On a Wednesday is a weird time. Yeah. Yeah, okay. So let's get to know Yeah, let's just see there. Okay. There is 98 left. Okay, so we've it is have gone Yeah, there is it is starting to to dwindle. Okay. That's good to know let's Finish our our live recap of the week JP does a show every single week He does a product pick of the week. Here's this week's highlight It is the piezo driver amp stemma PAM 8904 Here are the little gain switches. This actually is a AC Element and so it doesn't really matter which wire gets plugged in where we have a three pin JST and plugging that into a metro RP 2040 there and you can see I've got my 3 volt power Ground and then I'm running off of a pin D5 You should be able to hear that pretty well quiet this thing a bit So that's the 1x gain and That'll turn it off and that is it that is my product pick of the week this week It is the stemma piezo driver PAM 8904 And don't forget there's JP's workshop tomorrow I'm gonna check out some of the stuff to do piece up to you and then Friday's there's deep dive with either Tim or Scott this week It is Scott yay Dig into the innards of circuit Python and more on Friday 2 p.m. Pacific Eastern let's do That's not a marker. All right So a little bit of reminder I put this in the chat don't forget Scott tomorrow 9 a.m. A central time Bluetooth app development with circuit Python. Do you check that out?  Yep tick tick tick tick Our circuit Python on a hardware newsletter. We do this every single week some pie five details Some raspberry, sorry some circuit Python Eight Updates, yeah, we're gonna go for nine. Yeah, she was about to say nine Numbers what we do the eighths while we prepare for that So circuit Python nine is coming but we have the eight to seven release. There's a couple more boards Some really neat projects this week. This micro Python calculator is really cool We're gonna start adding some of the eight of your playground. These are notes guides that anyone can make We'll talk about that later on in the show but we're gonna have that in your letter since there's a lot of Python based ones and then Check out just the menagerie of projects Hackaday So I like not a million years ago have nothing to do with now, but I like seeing things that That's why I started the site is this is type of stuff. I wanted to see they have a hackaday badge for super con and You can do my It's a cute little man. Yeah, I like the little joy screen on it and I like seeing my logo I like the combination of big seeing it like seeing it. It still works and it works great on a round display. Yeah So Check out all the projects and more. However This week what we're gonna talk about is there's a bunch of stuff going on in the world of Python So we've got the virtual environment usage And then I'm on playground. We also have the Comparing the Yeah, I owe stuff. Which we want me to talk about first. Um, I don't know Do you want to just talk about like what the issue is and then kind of like instead of Being jerks on github or social media. We're just gonna help solve it and do good. Yeah, that's our idea So what it is, that's our idea. It's our day. Well, we're also gonna hang back So basically as a bookworm, which is the latest release of the Raspberry Pi operating system, which is also going to be the It's going to be the operating system that's required for use with the Raspberry Pi 5 They've changed the debut has changed to how they do Python package installation Which you know, everyone always makes fun of Python packaging Because they're using Python as part of the operating system and utilities They don't want you to be able to mess up that install and so Instead of letting you just do pseudopip and install into like the root, you know root or main Site packages folder. They're kind of requiring every user to make a virtual environment That will then keep all your packages in like your home directory, for example And this is technically correct. Like you technically should do that. It is the right thing to do it's not very punk and we're kind of punk and We're we're still kind of investigating, you know Even that's the right thing to do to have a virtual environment there's about a decade's worth of Raspberry Pi tutorials that don't and Don't talk about that and nobody's gonna go and update all of them Like we're happy to update all of the Adafruit guides But there's just no chance that every instructable and every hackster and every element 14 and every blog post Yeah, it's gonna be updated a lot of people use pip And what you're supposed to do is it is is set up your environment beforehand. So You know, I think there's there's some discussion about it. Where's your Pi folks? you know Have some opinions other people opinions We haven't yet decided what we're gonna do Because it's a big decision. We don't want to make decision then take it back There's a couple things one we could just tell people hey just disable this inability and just like install pseudo pip anyways We could have our blink of script set automatically set up your virtual environment in your bash profile So it always gets configured when you start up We could update every tutorial to say hey, you know, here's what your virtual environment should be and you'll just have to Turn it on before you begin There's no there's no real right answer. It's definitely going to be a bit of a mess We kind of want to see what? other folks Want to do because each one has pros and cons and honestly, I just can't make that decision right now I'm just a little too tired with the baby. So To that end we have a guide that Carter wrote I seem to write it and Carter's like, you know Carter's one of our best Guide writers for beginner topics about virtual environments and how it affects the Raspberry Pi Specific there's lots of guides about virtual environments, but because you might be using pseudo to do neopixel stuff In particular It's important to kind of know the intricacies of setting up this virtual environment So this guy talks about that and specifically talks about how to do it with pseudo and what doesn't work and what does so The answer is no answer, but we at least have a guide that we can reference to so thanks Carter for writing it Yeah so We'll see how things go, but you know generally speaking Maybe our community which I think is pretty big can kind of set a good example like stuff's gonna come up and The last few years people are just rewarded for being Terrible to one another so I would just say like especially for open source maintainers a lot of you know A lot of people are demanding there's mean people. They're like do this now for me They're basically like I want to speak to your manager and like treating us and others like customer service It's the type of person that if you're at a restaurant and they're yelling at the wait staff like no one likes that Don't be that person. So I think we're just gonna try to figure out what's the best thing we could do So we started writing guides. That's what we always do like when something exploring what? Yeah, what we do to solve this because I was like, I don't know how it like this is even yeah with with Neopixels and pseudo and and how is that gonna happen? So so we have so we got that and then did you want to talk about this other? Um, so the stuff here or yes, sorry, and then that's on the other side You know, we want to make sure that Blinka so one of the really good decisions that we did make You know, it's like some decisions. I'm putting off in some decisions. I made that we're I'm glad I did so having Blinka as our interface library so that we can Have the circuit Python API available on CPython the Raspberry Pi has been a really good idea because Historically we a very very long time before Blinka we use our PI GPIO for all of our Raspberry Pi GPIO toggling you know and and tweaking and turns out that As with the Raspberry Pi 5 because of the new RP 1 chip GPIO 0 sorry our PI GPIO No longer works and it's unclear if they're going to update it to work and so Because we happen to have been supporting Blinka and other single board latest computers and those were using Lib GPIO D Which is the new kernel module that is recommended for GPIO? interfacing We already had support for Lib GPIO D in Blinka and like Melissa was able to turn along like fairly quickly You know in a day not in like weeks And so Blinka has been updated to use Lib GPIO D One thing that I didn't notice a while ago was that GPIO D was not as fast as memory mapping which our PI GPIO does Memory mapping is always gonna be the fastest but it requires permissions and it's like kind of dangerous And you're like prodding memory and it's like you're kind of looking into somebody's brain And so I asked Melissa. Could you please check GPIO 0 which is kind of like the official Raspberry Pi GPIO interface library for Python and the GPIO D Python bindings and compare them You can scroll down and she did a great job And keep going keep going keep going and even posted up The sale a output. So basically it turns out that GPIO D can go up to about like 550 kilohertz toggle speed The up and down is gonna be 280 so you double that to get the The the toggle speed because there's two toggles per frequency and then On the GPI it's our in GPIO zero. It's about 200 kilohertz So you're gonna get like about three times speed with GPIO D 600 kilohertz is pretty good actually Considering it's going through this like secondary chip 600 kilohertz It's not fast enough to do neopixels and but you wouldn't do that anyways you would use like the PIO sub capability But basically just you know documenting this and if other people because I knew somebody's gonna say hey Why don't you use GPIO zero and it's like? We're doing is documenting. Yeah, so that's what we're doing while People are just Robin insults at each other about all this stuff. So That is our Python on our hardware. Lots of going on as you can tell Yeah, so just stay tuned to all of our documentation updates stop by the shows we'll tell you, you know what we're up to but it's our plan is to just do great documentation great products and I was a little bit of a rant. Yeah, whatever. So it's okay. I will keep going. We send out this newsletter every single week Adafruitdaily.com It's a completely separate website because we hate spam even more than you do and You can sign up there has nothing to do with your Adafruit store account You can subscribe unsubscribe anytime. You don't even have to subscribe to the newsletter You can look at a standalone page. That's a permalink that doesn't have any tracking It's on github. It's an RSS feed. Wow That's someone saying that like tracking. It's like we have every way for it to be the best privacy Saving way we have to use tools like MailChimp that send out things and there's links that you can't stop tracking We have other ways to read the newsletter. My parents some people like oh, what's so hard? Why can't you just send out a couple hundred thousand emails? I'm like, have you actually tried to more than a thousand It's really so that's why we jump through all these these hoops and like I said if you want to you don't ever need to even subscribe to the newsletter you can just go to the page and We've been de-googlifying nothing against Google. Well, besides some other I do have some Google It's just um, but you can just go to Adafruitdaily and just just you can just read it every single week We have the link right here. Yeah, okay, it's great. Okay. Anyways That's a new zone. Okay, let's talk about some open source hardware Lady Ada. Yep Yeah, we're just whatever it's exciting. It's exciting. Okay first up. What's on the big board? Okay, so I talked about the great Carter v.  Thanks to Liz to who wrote a Python library for the h usb 238 power delivery break out handy little board gets you three to sorry five to 20 volts at three or up to three or five amps out of USB PD I also know impingero did a case for it, which is wonderful I did an update to the feather RP 2040 radio guide Turns out that the USB pins on the RP 2040 are quite sensitive, which we actually knew about But if you have a Laura board and you have it at like the max power and you have an antenna that is close to the board It can cause the USB to be flaky. So we have some solutions for you and then do you mind school? I don't see if there's any other Guys, I think yeah, we have an update to the hts 221 probably added Whipper snapper and then yeah another update to this quality guide So not nothing else. Yeah, and then a little bit of reminder. We have People really like the Adafruit learning system and so we opened it up so folks can author their own guides We're calling these notes. It's the Adafruit playground. This is Experimental for now, but you can check out every single week and I'll go back to yeah, it's click on playground Yeah, by the way, it's cool. Yeah, by the way, they're still very nice. Yeah, well, maybe maybe let's see Refresh well 56 left less So there's less okay Anyways, you can go to playground and these are a bunch of guides that folks contributed to and our idea is and I'm not gonna name websites because it's practically all of them But when you go to a website and and share your content now the whole idea is they monetize it They put ads on it. They put the you know all the intrusive things that fill how many Program notes can people read before they are forced to sign up for an account. No, there is no limit Infinite you have to have an account to publish, but it's a public Yeah, but you know, you know people don't have to log in to read them Yeah, so one of the trends we saw was all of the sites that are like, please put up your put up your stuff You have to log in to see them which kind of defeats the purpose It's you know, it's what they pay wall when you're scrolling and then halfway through the school Yeah, it pops up It's like you know anymore we decided like let's let's make the best place for people to to share projects But let's not have ads. Let's not have any forced you have to log in to read them Let's not have any, you know weird invasive Cooking tracking and all that stuff. So this is an experiment. It's supported by a deferred I mean pick up some hardware once in a while And we'll see how it goes but check it out so far. It's been it's working out We did a soft launch. Yes, but the idea is just to have the best place online To share the things that are that you make that up. I see some people who are in the chat Yeah, have also put up some projects. It's we it's really starting to get off and One big thing that so the the other sites that are out there that asked for user contributed content There's a couple things that we saw that, you know Everyone can run their business the way they want but they they turn into brand sponsorships that have contests And so there's it's impossible to actually find stuff And there's a lot of cutting and pasting code from other sites And then you still have to log in to see anything and we're like, let's not do that And then like that one site that if you wanted to see the entire project in one page Yeah, like maybe you have to pay to pay or log in stuff like that. So we're like, well, what can we do? instead of Trying to to monetize monetize people's privacy that's essentially what it is or there, you know Lots of other lots of other terms that could be used for that strategy But we're not doing it because we're not supported by ads. So check out playground We're calling these notes for now. We'll see how it goes. It's an experiment. It's just a start It's only been like two or three weeks. Yeah, very nice. You can see this is you know, there was pent up demand for something like this And you know, that's what we're gonna do. Here is Factory footage made in New York City factory footage. All right, we're gonna do some 3d printons We've got a couple projects this week from them a Pedro and one was a speedup That was a project that you can make it yourself. Don't forget 3d hangouts is every single week Wednesdays at 11 a.m. Take away no Pedro You can add usb c power to your devices with the Adafruit h usb 238 power delivery breakout This breakout lets you get up to 100 watts of power over usb-c for those projects that need more than 5 volts at 2 amps You can set the output voltage using the on-board jumpers or controller over i-squared c using a microcontroller It's great for turning those devices with wall adapters into usb-c powered ones using a usb PD power supply Our 3d printed case snap fits and features access to the usb-c port screw-block terminals and wires This keyboard comes with a wall adapter that we can replace with our h usb 238 breakout The wall adapter has information on voltage amps and jack polarity This one is 12 volts one amp with a center positive jack We can cut the cable to reuse the DC barrel jack using a multimeter We can determine which wire is ground and which is power by testing continuity Now we can solder the 12 volt jumper on the h usb 238 breakout board to set the voltage for powering our keyboard Using wire strippers. We can expose the wires and secure them to the screw-block terminals The 3d printed case keeps the breakout safe and secured Now we can plug in the DC jack into the keyboard We can power the breakout with the usb PD power supply that's capable of outputting high voltages Now we can power on the keyboard with the usb-c cable We think this is a handy breakout for gadgets that might have missing wall adapters Or if you just want to usb-cify your favorite devices Okie-dokie and then just a little check on how many res break I like this live Left there's 37 and stop. I mean we didn't notify some people. So yeah folks if you want one Yeah, there's your friend who wants one. Well, yeah, just we're limiting. Yeah, it's all one per customer It's one per customer. Maybe you like your so there's 37 left So that that one pretty fast and this worked out really well, so we'll probably do something like this again to Support the community that's watching the live shows. Let's do some iron up. Yeah I'm a PI brought you by did you key in a to free this week? It is e-switch lady. What is the new product? That's coming out this week. That's new. That's interesting from e-switch. What did you gain? I think we've done e-switch before just so exciting. So this week on IMPI We're gonna cover east which is new on that on the part number tick TL 3310 basically the reverse mount SMT tap switch This is a pretty neat switch Most people are really familiar with your standard six by six millimeter tactile switch We use them in tons of projects. They're in like every beginner kit for learning electronics We've got them in this Raspberry Pi Sorry, this Arduino shield you can see the bottom left your little nav switch and navigation up down left right and the select and the reset button These are really common. They're very inexpensive only a couple cents a piece and You know, they're usually basically like input now on our projects We tend to have them be you'll bear on the PCB either through hole or surface mount Although usually they're in a product, but they're hidden behind a button cast So we'll mention, you know, if you want just those plain through hole switches There's like 50,000 in stock from e-switch on digikey. So You know, just because we're covering this reverse mount surface mount switch reverse mount Reverse surface mount tactile switch. There's also a through hole You know Standard six millimeter surface mount standard six millimeter. I love this style because of course, you don't have to through hole solder You can just pick and place it works great. And then nothing you think that I notice is there's also reverse mount through hole So this in this case You definitely would need to have some actuator that goes down and clicks it because otherwise like your finger would Bimp into it. So this is You know, this is a demonstration You know, usually when you have a user panel, the caps would be held by the front panel. They would be kind of floating in place Like a game controller and then there would be a little knob that would go down and click the tactile actuator itself, but the reason I think that these got a little bit of attention is Coincidentally is we posted on our blog this really cool project the list badge and One of the design decisions this person made it's a little handheld computer Is that the buttons would be Reverse mounted so that you could have the labeling on the PCB. So the PCB is the front plate and then the Reverse mount tactile switches poke through and in this case they used surface mount Reverse mount buttons and they even do talk about it Measure, you know, dealing with the thickness of the PCB and they use this kind of like Angled mode so you can see that the legs Are into interdigitated so that they get a nice tight packing as equidistant From each digits or a very good look So and then somebody posted on social media We got tagged in because everyone was like, what is this? What do you mean that there's such a thing as reverse mount tactile switch? I was like Coincidentally did you can just put this in their featured section check out digikey.com slash new if you haven't checked it out because That's where we saw this reverse mount tactile switch So this is I'm at the part number the RT reverse tactile 3 301 And this comes in tape and reel which is handy the ones we stock in our shop only come in in a bag But if you want to actually use these in the production environment, you'll definitely want to have them on tape and really do not want to hand place them And of course, they're e-switch quality. So they're good for like, you know, a quarter million presses or like a hundred thousand presses or more and 200 this is a 260 gram force actuation. So nice and clicky When you mount them, you know, you you do want to in this case the the PCB layout, I will say that they have Those pads are a little small actually and big in them a little bit because you want to have a good Mechanical connection the PCB in case somebody really presses down because you don't have the the body of the switch isn't taking the force it's the Sotter connect connections and of course, you're also going to want to have the big cutout hole in the center where the actuator goes through I will mention in this one that the actuator length doesn't go Beyond the PCB. This is designed for Again a situation where you have actuator buttons on the outside because most people do not design for industry do not design PCBs where The actuator goes all the way through and it's accessible to the user having it flush Actually makes a lot of sense because then you can have a button pad on top that when people press the button You know, it presses down and it activates the tactile switch And then if you want other tactile switches, do check out these switches, you know, very popular brand on digikey They've got you know, pretty much every combination in size and color lots of surface mount versions in different configurations And like I showed you lots of through-hole surface mount and reverse Through-hole as well as this reverse surface mountain version. But if you want the RT 3301 Don't forget they are in stock Digikey on digikey and we happen to have a video. It's a very silly video. Okay. Well, we're here for it We're here. We're here. We're here. We're being seen. We're also going to see silly videos about electronics This is what you show for for the Raspberry Pi fives, which there is some still left because this is a live show Except unless you're watching it not live and for silly videos about electronics. We go Next up we got a very versatile switch making its e-switch debut Let's go to our shouting cowboy anthony variano for its introduction Now approaching the ring making its e-switch debut wrestling out of Minneapolis, minnesota a top actuated reverse surface mount switch measuring six by six millimeters And featuring a life expectancy of 100 000 cycles I present to you the RT 3301 series Tertile switch The RT 3301 series can fly up the top rope and needs just 260 grams of force to actuate And as a reverse surface mount switch, it can reverse any move you attempt Don't let its small size fool you it can last a long time in the ring It can handle the heat with an operating temperature range of negative 40 to 85 degrees celsius The electricity in the arena won't phase it either thanks to its 50 million 12 vdc electrical rating It comes as a tag team and tape and reel packaging with a thousand pieces per reel ready for automated installation It's an ideal match for audio visual applications computer peripherals consumer electronics Instrumentation telecommunication devices and medical equipment As always we recommend going to our website e-switch.com for the complete product page and our full catalog of switch products Thank you for watching Okay, okay, and we'll do it with a silly video. Yeah, and before we go to new products. Let's see if there's any There is 18 left. Okay, if you're on the fence you can still get one. It's going to be gone shortly. Let's do some new products No, no, no, no, okay. We've got a round display. Okay, so this big round display We've actually it's and you're like, hey, I think this sounds familiar Yes, we had it as a coming soon and now it is in stock And I even have a little demo because I've been working on eyeballs code with it And you can go okay, so this is a gigantic So, um, we've got uh the gigantic eyeball code, uh ported to it It's a little flickery because this is using idf 4 not idf 5 It's also camera through camera. So there's like three cameras involved But the the colors is a really good looking Yeah, the colors really good. This is actually pixel double two by the way. This is a 360 by 360 pixel doubled up We're going to try to port this code to idf 5 so it looks even better But in circuit python it works and our do we know it works? 720 Um by 720 pixels massive display. I'm also getting a capacitive touch one. It's going to be more expensive So I think if you just need a display, you don't need the touch capability This is the biggest round display we could find we we went out we used our eyes and we found this okay Okay, uh, we also have a bunch of raspberry pi accessories So the active cooler for the pi 5 is a board that plugs in it like attaches to the pi 5 You can see like the five the pi 5 that included. This is the thing. That's not the it's like the heat sink plus the fan um, it plugs in You will probably need to use a lifter for the 2 by 20 connector if you want to connect GPIO on top But if you're doing like a lot of machine learning stuff or like high intensity cpu Things with your raspberry pi 5 This will help get you the most Frequencies the highest computational capability because otherwise once the raspberry pi heats the it'll start throttling itself so that it doesn't Um keep using as much cpu. So like it'll get slower and slower the hotter gets with this you get all that computational power Okay, and then there's cables. There's cables. This is the pi display cable So just this is like a demonstration to show so we have both the display cable and the camera cable and they are not the same Yes, I know it's confusing. They look at these nearly identical things. They look identical, but they're not this about this about this They're a little bit different. Um, but this is the display cable showing So if you have a raspberry pi 4 display or you have any other raspberry pi cameras You're going to be an adapter cable because the um, the new connectors are four lane and they're much You know to make space for the PCI connector They made these 0.5 millimeter pitch. You see this like $1 connector and then you know, you can use your all your old Accessories with the pi 5 And then the star of the show besides you lady at our community our customers everybody out there Who's being a good to one another is? The lm66200 this is ideal diodes actually Big to break up because i'm going to be using this chip In um a design, you know, basically if you have two power supplies On your board say a light poly battery Or usb or like a you know to a dc power jack and usb whatever And you want to have your electronics use whichever is Like available so sometimes the batteries plugged in use that sometimes a dc Plug is powered in or usb or whatever to decide which power supply to use You can use two diodes and you pick them up. It's like a diode or connection and that will give you um, whichever is highest That's the current and the voltage supplier But you have to deal with the dropout of that diode which can be like half a volt Which can you know, like that's a lot of power that you might be losing especially for low power Um situations also the diodes are kind of large Also, you don't have an enable switch which you could do with another transistor Um, you know, and then maybe you want to know which one is the one that's activated This is kind of like combines about seven transistor diode components together into one You can connect your two to five volt inputs to the v ins there's one and two And then ground and the v out will be whichever one is higher And there's also a enable pin and you pull that high Um, it's by default. It's pulled low to turn on you pull it high and it will disable the voltage And then there's also a status pin that'll tell you which of the two is Like the one that's activated. Um, so it's like a very smart version of ideal diodes is an inexpensive small board But probably very handy. I think you do like two and a half. Yeah, two and a half amperes out Um, it's nice also more than most diodes and uh only 40 milliohm rds on so negligible voltage Drops so great for low power usage or just power supplies where you don't want to dissipate a bunch of current Through a couple of mbr 120s Don't forget the code is dual diodes doesn't apply to the raspberry pi five. There is like three left. I think Let me double check. I think there's Oh now on a stock, okay All right, so thank you everyone.  Um No one had any problems logging in two factor authentication was okay and no one threatened our team Wow Yeah, and no one no one sent a personal email to lemora saying how they were gonna like murder her I'm not even kidding. This has happened over the last couple years because of part shortages or raspberry pies Yeah, and like they're nonsense.  Sorry. There's things out of stock and You know, wow So I want to thank everyone who just made this super easy. We'll probably do something like this again. Um because So happy because Well Yeah, um, so thank you everybody for being a good community There's nothing really out there like it. So I think we're gonna keep doing it this way Um, let's do some questions. You ready? Yes. Okay. Um I got a top secret we're gonna play that at the end Um, yeah, because we're gonna do a little different so we get a couple of these questions and then we'll help over to Top secret. Okay. Um, yeah, we're doing good on time. Um, so first up Are there any plans to update pipe portals with the esp 32 s3? Yes, I do and then part of the doing the qualia board is, you know, I might want to do larger pipe portals as well Uh, so I wanted to make sure that the esp 32 s3 was uh in good shape. But yeah, the matrix portal was the first of the uh de sam deification of um, My product lines because the sam 51 is uh, It's tough. Yeah to get so um, this is an interesting one because when the raspberry pipe came out There was a western digital thing. So now the new raspberry pi five exposes pcie Do you think western digital will be interested in doing this one project? They're hardest addition, but with a smaller ssd. I still use my western digital pie for development and upgrade away from spinning Would be nice. That is a classic, but I'm like, I was like western. Oh, yeah Tag them on to the media or email them. That was like original pie. Um, I mean, they should it would be really cool to do a little hat that has a built-in Um, ssd. I don't I don't know. I actually don't know if western digital do they do ssd? They must Yeah, I don't know who actually makes them Um Let me go to uh You talked about sbc supplies that can do pd multiple vultures. Where do you get one that you use in your demo? I'll be honest. You can just get them online from like amazon or from best buy It's very common. They're they're just check the The product information like I actually have a couple like so my apple You know like this apple power supply that I got you have for your laptop or for you know, an ipad This is a travel charger Basically anything that's larger than the smallest brick is going to be you know, this one has Five nine 12 15 20 volts It's it's actually not that uncommon if you look for one that's like oh can you be used for laptops? You're definitely going to get multiple voltages. I've seen basically either you have five volts two amps Or five nine And 12 like I've seen you know inexpensive like little bricks that do five nine and 12 If you want to get like 15 18 And 20 you do usually have to get for the laptop size bricks, but they're as long as you just look at the um product info they'll tell you that they can supply those voltages Um, yeah, so it's almost 200 pys in one hour that yeah, it's not that like it used to be 200 Yeah, this the reason why this this was probably chill and everything is uh, no one expected this and I think maybe that uh The bots and the the or the attempts or the notifications or whatever all the attempts Or people that are like camping out on websites hitting refresh so they can buy one and resell it I think they weren't expecting it This early this week because the pies have gone to some resellers. Yeah, so maybe that's what it's also it's a Wednesday night Unusual and we also let everyone know who was watching our shows and we have hundreds people watch our shows Live so um, I'm gonna show the top secret now And then we'll answer any questions and then we'll we'll bounce I want to make sure we got to this question before I did top. So here's top secret. Thanks everybody All right, what is this peekaboo? I see you this is Our uh m4 eyes code, but it's been ported now to the esp32 s3 on the qualia board This is like first light, you know the first uh working eyeball. So you see like I have a little bit of like Math I think it's I think this is a u into 18 that eight that should be a 16. So you see that um, There's a little bit of gray around here But you know the pupil is working and the iris and the um eyelids and so we're making good progress This is a 480 by 480 screen And then I'm also going to try to get it working on the 720 by 720 screen For this, you know, this is already like kind of working hard 10 frames per second for this one I'm probably going to do pixel doubling. So it'll be 360 by 360 and then pixel doubled up to 720 by 720 Which I'm sure to look fine. I'll be gigantic, but um, yeah anyways first eyes And that's top secret Okay, I just want to get to those questions and make sure thank you. I think that is it Um There was some other questions I'll do the eight of box update as as usual. So one of the things that we're doing is um Doing a small number of eight of boxes before the end of the year We're restarting that machine to get the eight of boxes out. It's rusty Yeah, and so we're going to be going low and slow as they say So don't worry. We'll put things on the website. We'll contact people But that's the idea is to get these out slowly Um, there's thousands of them give people a chance to uh, if you don't want eight of box, no problem We have we have way more sign ups than we ever thought we would I thought maybe eight of box would go away over the part shortage if people didn't want to wait It turns out. Nope. Just more demand. So what we're going to do is just notify people slowly of time Hey, your your eight of box subscription. Um is going to be coming to you soon Uh Here's if you want to update your credit card or if there's anything that you need to do beforehand Please let us know and then ship these out slowly. Yes, it'll probably leak out what it is whatever It's better than not doing it and giving up. Um, so that's the plan. Never give up. Never give in Yeah, so that's the plan. Um Yeah, uh, here's thanks. Uh, oh here's one. Um getting my question in early Uh, was there what's a good way to program a pcb with uh, so I see eight chip with minimal design modification I've been using the in-circuit programming clip to attach directly to that. I see but it's very finicky Should I use test points on my programming chip something else? Thanks for the opportunity to buy pi five I think you know, it depends on what the the if it's if it's a Um spi flash Then yeah, like a clip is kind of the best way to do it. Um, if it's something like a tiny or or something that you know uses um UPD I I'll just bring out the pins to like pins that you can solder to like through whole pads Uh, and then just take take them away once you've gotten the design Uh formalized and then when you're doing mess Programming, you know, you use pogo pin pads Okay, and then uh another nice comment. Thanks for keeping eight box alive very much appreciate.  We just know that there's um, you know, a couple years of trying to play catch up between Uh, you know covet and the part shortage and we decided like well if people continue to Keep their subscriptions because we don't charge until we ship it then we'll keep doing it and then um, you know Some folks will say oh, you know, it's been a couple. It's been a year I don't want to hit a box anymore the opposite happened We have thousands of sign-ups for people who want to get in so what we want to do is ship out this Eight a box and then expand the number we can do turns out people want um cool interesting electronics delivered to them every quarter We want to even figure out if there's more we can do so that is the show for tonight. Thank you so much everyone We will see everybody next week. Thanks for The positive reinforcement for us to try things different than what other folks are doing to get things out like the i5 and more that was a success our team behind the scenes Um, it's really happy about how things worked out. They uh, they just popped in Um, I see how it went and so our team thanks you there's humans Behind the scenes who help run everything in ate a fruit and um when things work out We're all very happy. So thank you for that. We'll see everybody next week. This has been an ate a fruit production here Is your moment of zener? Thanks everybody