So as we're transitioning into the final panel, we're going to take a look at sort of the way Susie has prefaced it, a new avenue in which you can explore playwriting. Today we have Seth Hoderman moderating the panel, and we have three people representing two different groups of radio playwriting, and Seth, if you're the one who's going to play. Yeah, sure. Hi everybody. I'm Seth Hoderman. I'm the manager of online media at the Dramatist Guild. Next to me is Claudia Catania, who is the host and producer of Playing on Air, which I just have to tell you, I'm a huge fan, and I recently got into it and I put them up there on my iPod, and I was putting them on the way to work, so I'm a huge fan. And then we have Sheila Cowley, who is the, hold on, hold on, operations manager and writer and operations manager at WMNF in Tampa, and then Matt Cowley, who's a writer and sound designer at the Radio Theater Project and at Studio at 620. Okay, I was trying to look at my notes, I did okay. Can I open up with just a general, what drew you into wanting to produce Radio Place? I work in radio station. About 16 years ago, I started a radio theater troupe there, because I was a writer and didn't know any of the experience writing scripts, so I wasn't trying, and so we went to the Radio Theater Workshop, which is kind of a national audio theater festival, so I learned about that. Could you be able to tell us a little bit about the logistics of it?  I think the genesis for me was a little different, and I think there's room for a huge amount of writing and playwriting to go on to radio stations and podcasts and streaming and what not, but my niche, what I do and what compelled me to do this was it bothered me that we live in a big nation and a vast majority of us do not know a thing about theater, you know, maybe they've been to their nephew's high school performance or an occasional outing, but for the most part I've done unscientific research and I've asked people if they can name a living playwright and maybe they'll come up with an Audi or a Kirchner, but maybe not, so this is appalling because we have a treasure, you know, treasure of playwrights and a nation that really doesn't understand very much about theater, so one day I was sitting at a reading in New York, you know, one of a multitude of readings and once again a bunch of actors and playwrights, you know, I blew my socks off and I thought why is it just eight of us unfolding chairs listening to this person blow our socks off, why not the nation, same amount of time, why not, so I decided there's a big waste, I don't like waste, I'm a version of waste and there's all that talent in New York, so I also thought if we could somehow, you know, create a platform that's essentially a stage as large their ways can go and as ubiquitous as the internet, maybe more Americans would start to understand what theater is about and as a result, patrons, you know, in terms of audience development, this might be a long-term way to gain support for theater as a whole, so it seemed the way to get into most people's lives was either through radio or the internet and the way to do it, at least in my estimation, was through the short-play genre because people are on the go and they're used to consuming those particular old and new forms of technology in short skirts, which is perfect for the short-play, whether it's, you know, six minutes or 26 minutes, it's still the amount of time they're used to consuming theater, music, discussions, whatever, on technology and it's a genre that I think is magnificent and has tremendous potential but is unexploited, so it seemed like a perfect, a perfect thing and given there's no money, there's no way you could really compete for anything but something languishing in somebody's hard drive or drawer and that's how it happened, so I just decided to do it and the first person I called was Chris Durang and he was really nice and he said yes and then Alexander I first said yes and it was enough yeses to put together a demo to take to a radio station and that's how the ball got rolling. So it's two different approaches. So it's very different. You're doing studio work that you're distributing, we're doing a lot of studio work and stuff that would distribute at other stations but we've been focusing on the ones that are just live performances. Could you both kind of talk about your process of producing because it is a little different. Can you talk about what goes in behind the scenes and how you put this all together? Sure, so what we do for the past five years part of this project is called the Radio Theater Project and it started out as a collaboration between an art space in St. Petersburg, a studio at 620, which is a great little incubator art space for all kinds of things and they said the answer is always yes, so there's theater and music and dance and anything else and our radio station WMNF which is a community listener supported kind of station and there's kind of a group of people there, we live in St. Pete so there's a lot of retirees and some of them in the community there have had long story theater careers for instance but are not acting actively anymore so this was a way for them to kind of create opportunities for themselves. So what we do is once a month for about six months out of the year we do a live show and it's usually three plays, two to three to four plays acting in front of the mics and then there's a table of sound effects and things and we have about a day's rehearsal, they do a read through and then we do a tech rehearsal in front of the mic with sound effects and then just put it up the next day so it's a very short commitment for the actors. I do a little bit of kind of pre-production sound effects stuff that weekend or whatever the weeks before. It's a Monday night so a lot of the actors are in current shows but you know the theaters are dark on Monday so we get really good actors who are free on that night. Okay. So we record those shows and then broadcast them later on the radio station. And we got a couple, the audience is built slowly but now it's kind of standing room only. It was helped a couple years ago when we got a grant from the Florida Humanities Council to always include a Florida writer and because of the grant it had to be free so a lot of people started coming but the last year we hadn't had the grant and it's just been like a donation at the door and it's done really, really well you know and it's gotten even more popular and I would just say you don't have to have a radio station. We have a radio station with a bunch of microphones on as you guys do. It's the kind of thing if you don't have a radio station you can still put work up with actors you know reading scripts on mic for an audience with sound effects. You can record it if you want or not. I mean there's a group in New York that sell out multiple key things of shows you know the same show multiple performances and they don't even try to record it. They're doing it just for the house audience and things changed for us because we first were doing it to focus on the recording and then we realized more people are in this theater that are probably listening to the show on the radio. The whole audience gives us the sound, the house sound and you know we're kind of, I know you have kind of selling sound effects and we kind of ramped up the sound effects and made it a little more prominent and I use manual sound effects. We started doing the radio theater in the studio so I did all those sound effects on the computer later kind of post-production sound kind of process thing but we discovered that people just love watching me go open and close doors and walk on things. That's crazy. As much of that stuff as I can do manually that's just part of the show now. I'm so glad you threw that in because I don't want to assume that everyone knows what a sound designer does but I mean if you can elaborate a little bit of your process and then we'll go into what playing on there is and how it's different. I just, I don't want to assume that everyone knows what it is. So the short answer is it's anything but the voices on a radio but you know on a film it's a whole different thing working with other stuff but for us it's just anything but the voices but the kind of slightly longer answers that the cool thing about radio for me is like I think Steve said yesterday that in a film if you have you know Poland 1945 it has to look like Poland 1945 but on stage you can put a sign and people will bite into it. On the radio you can say it's Poland 1945 and have a little bit of wind or you can say isn't the submarine great and have a little ping sound and in the listener's mind they will see the complete set you know they'll see DOS boot in front of them even though you haven't built it. So what I do kind of as a sound designer and fully guy thing is kind of just push them in that direction I give them just enough sounds other than the voices to say okay this is really where this is and crowns it a little bit so if they're in a diner I might cling some glasses so it just makes it feel a little bit more realistic if there's a fight you know I have a little leather jacket filled with pillows. Or if it's you know something that I can't do manually there might be a battle sound and that would be on the computer and it's just anything that pushes the audience to be their own cinematographer no way. I would just say as a corollary to that I know one thing Steve Yackey said yesterday I can never write for radio because my stuff is so visual but I think oh that's the huge freeing thing of radio because you can do stuff on the radio and create these visuals that you could never do on stage and that you know maybe you'll never get a chance to do on a television but you can really do it easily on the radio. I would just mention the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Universe. Which was this huge beautiful world on the radio and in a TV and film it was written originally for radio that's what it was created for and something like that you can do what if your famous first one was carnival in my pocket do that on stage you know you can do it on the radio. It's a lot of fun and I can attest to the entertainment value of that sound because I was at a table with him and he was doing the sound effects for and also what Michael was talking earlier today about animals and this and the other and it is true we did a war and light piece called the final interrogation of Hitchhiker's dog the Romanian dictator's dog and it has no played the dog and it was I think for the listener a lot more fun than because they could add their imagination and that happens in a lot of the plays someone mentioned Jackie Reingold earlier too and she has a wonderful urgent and lyrical delightful sensibility so she can write a play about a 12 foot guy sitting on an airplane next to a 2 inch lady and on the radio no problem Is there something that you that really attracts you to a script that you're like this will fit really well or this will not fit very well? I suppose since this is more about theater on the radio than radio plays per se I look for a well made play that would be the first thing that would attract me and I guess the last thing that would attract me too I mean it's basically that it's just a good play there are certain things that I know won't work even if I adore the play it is highly physical highly highly visual where it has an FCC infraction every second word you know those that could be problematic but little adjustments I've actually been quite amazed myself how little has to be done to a stage play to make it work on radio and quite wonderfully you know yes if there's you know 5 fuckings and 2 shits that's generally not a big deal it has a different way of dealing with it to a person they all said oh no no problem and they either cut it or they come up with something funnier or they just you know alright I can't say fuck I'll say screw I can't say shit I'll say crap you know whatever they decide to do it's usually quite inventive and easy and fast sometimes you know there's a missing visual you know just okay you have a gun? and you're done it's all settled almost always the playwrights on site so very often last minute you know they'll say oh no and they'll just rewrite a little something and it's wonderful to watch them work because they just make a slight adjustment and it just kind of reshapes the whole moment so we've been fortunate is there something that as writers is there something that you have in your head this is what we have to do I notice on your website that you accept submissions I guess you accept submissions too we both do but I notice that you have a list of like keep this in mind and that's a good point because we've had a different experience with the backing stage plans and some spectacular and infamous failures that live in people's terrifying embrace of stage plays a lot of stage plans that people didn't want to change anything it's where we've run into trouble because a lot of stage plays weren't fine on the radio it's all about dialogue and where we've had problems it was produced already it's a play it was produced it's fine just like it is and what we found is that it's a whole different medium and that's a really different approach that we differ a little bit from people of quality where she's putting a stage play on the air and what we try to do is make radio plays so that's a different medium and so when I'm writing for that what I try to do is take advantage of things that are specific to that medium so things that you can only do with sound or things that are enhanced things that have not worked have been things that are visual obviously or kind of you're asking a lot for people to kind of sit and listen for a long time so length is an issue and there has to be something really compelling so just like any other stage play story is key and it has to be there has to be enough action even if it's two guys talking in a bar it's an analogy there has to be something to keep the action going to keep them listening so things that I've tried to do are just anything that's there's an example I think of visually like in the silent movies there's scenes in like Charlie Chaplin where he's walking down a train track and there's a train behind him and he doesn't hear it because it's a silent movie and so he just keeps walking where there's a crowd behind him with signs and things because it's silent and you can do that kind of thing on the radio kind of in the interest you can trying to blink because people are staring at me but things that you don't see you can take advantage of the fact that you can't see it and kind of reveal it later or things like that things that only work because people can't actually see what's going on and it wasn't beautiful use of radio so I've written little sort of things like walking talkies or people talking to the phone or anything that's kind of a way that might not work on stage very well but works because it's a silent thing I think you asked about the mechanics and some of the simple mechanics are if you want to talk or they disappear you can't have people standing around in the background of a radio scene because they're just not there so there's the fewer people that are on the scene the easier it is on the listeners two or three, four people once you get beyond that it starts becoming a little chaotic for people listening and there's not as much of this if you're focusing on people watching but on the radio if it's truly on the radio there's only so many people you can tell work really at the same time which is the old kind of classic there's on the radio again there's an Irish guy, a Jewish guy, a German guy so you can tell they're at some point they're rushing again so you can do more energy casting actors from their tone of voice you can't have people that sound identical or it's like you've got the same person like you've got twins on screen no, no, no, no I find YouTube's very helpful because you can't quite remember an actor's register it refreshes your memory but I've made mistakes nonetheless one of the things it's really strange because it doesn't matter how old you are it doesn't matter what you look like you never get cast in that part eventually maybe because it all is what you sound like and so you can have some of these playing beautifully it's how they sound it doesn't matter how tall you are so actors for the role do you have questions? I'm curious in your situation if you mic your audience so that you're they become a part of that process and I think Sheila talked with Nan Barnett who had a brilliant idea they did some live stuff where they had the audience do some of the Foley effects which I think is great but we do have a house mic sitting up to catch the reactions and things because if you're listening to the live to the broadcast later of the live show that makes it just come to life a little bit later it clearly was a steal, Nan although one quick horror story a science fiction the science sci-fi channel used to do radio plays for a while on their website and they did a live show of dial-in for murder and another play and at the end of the other play I think it was they were in this field and this tension was just building and building was really scary and finally the guy at the end did end with the other guy with a shovel to the head basically right a big scene building up and building up and the Foley guy doing everything live has a big watermelon and the shovel to the head is boom I'm smashing a watermelon so if you're listening on the radio that's a really scary moment until the crowd in the theater sees basically galloping the crowd erupts and laughter oh that's terrible that's terrible yeah if any of you are in New York we've also started to do it occasionally in front of live audiences I don't know I don't think we have time but I did bring a sample if we do have time oh good I know for sure and I would say if you're doing it yourself actors are fantastic to work with there's basics of like stuff and we have an incredibly intricate handout that we neglected to print out that we can email people it has a lot of resources for people that are doing it live now like I wrote over there getting paid to write radio drama like 70,000 subscribers to your podcast the truth podcast I have to say it's called the truth if you divide that by 10,000 that's how many we have I think it's a there's a tremendous potential for the sort of work that we're doing and I think more and more people will do it because for a long time the glory days of radio were over and they were just vanquished by television and film but now everyone is constantly plugged in so there's a huge need to content so I do think there's potential there oh I have a question sure do you guys have to work with after or I work with SAG-AFTRA yet SAG-AFTRA and what about you guys we don't because we basically have no budget I'm not an expert on this stuff but we have a couple of SAG-AFTRA people and equity we've never had a problem our audience is small enough and the pay is low enough it's basically gas money so maybe that's what the cutoff is and they're reading too so many times if you're holding the script they only have to pay for transportation I guess that's a good point I should tell that to SAG-AFTRA equity exactly the type of question I was going to ask getting more toward whether you have any written agreements or licensing with the actors or with the playwrights to do this considering that I'm assuming it's recorded for maybe future re-broadcast what do you do about licensing your rights meet me? everybody in terms of the actors it's negotiated by the union and it's a favorite nation meaning everybody gets the same and the back end is the same and what's paid into health and retirement otherwise I think I would commit harukahari for a court so that's done and then it's just a question of whether the actor wants to do it for the writers it's essentially a favorite nation again I'm a one man man here and it is what it is there's a black fee there's a sharing and revenue we should be so lucky to think of other forms of revenue other than radio broadcast I thought going into this that there would be income of some support what are called carrying charges it's what the public radio state but when you're an independent radio producer and you're starting the program director the chairman of the oh yeah we'll air you but we won't pay you anything it's you have to wait do I want another 400,000 people or do I want 26 dollars you know so what are you going to do once you're successful it's a whole other thing for us what we do in the studio is typically stuff that we write and our actors are friends of ours basically and for the live shows we do take submissions and yeah there's an agreement with the writer and part of that agreement it's just understanding that it's going to be podcast and broadcast live and things like that and they get a small stipend some people that float from California to come to the show but the nice thing is that you know we're recording it for broadcasting so you actually get a permanent record of your play and a link on the website to the podcast that you can share with all your family and friends this is my play and this is what it sounds like for our actors it's mainly a core ensemble it's all we don't we're not blessed to live in New York for the most part our names are smaller not to comment on their talent but their names are not as big so they're mostly from our name so the contractual stuff is smaller and we're also under the umbrella of a couple of non-profit groups can't live both of you I think mentioned about length of piece what's the average length of the piece the average is between 10 and 20 minutes that doesn't mean there are an exception for us we found for the live shows we've done some that are like an hour and a half and those are really hard to keep an audience in place an ideal length for us is like two half hour plays and then a 10 minute play or something like that we've done it kind of depends on what your target is like there's a lot of people producing podcasts now which is great and so that's can be really variable if you're aiming for radio broadcast there are specific time links like you're shooting for 53 minutes to answer your I have to come in at a hard 53 minutes so that means if I'm going to have two interviews and three plays you have to when you start to program not only do you want it to be thematically some sort of thematic contextual sense but it also has to fit together in terms of minutes and then on top of that there's an episode intro and an episode credits and then there's a play intro and credits for each of the two or three little plays and then there's an interview after each of the two little plays and then there's music composed for each of the two or three little plays and then sound side what has worked also well for us has been playwrights who have taken full length plays and adapted them for radio into basically two half hour episodes that run on the intermission in between and some of the really great ones that we've done have been we did Marcus Gardner just this last year as part of the Rowling National career with the large of Rowling's civil run we have done the last two years adaptations of this that were condensed down and worked because of the whole full length stage but it was just too much for a radio audience but you can kind of get the essence of it I've also done a lot of really short plays on the radio like one to five minutes for a while I was doing one of those a week or two years which is a great it was a great practice for me and it's a great way to try out ideas and since it's radio you can kind of do everything yourself so it's a great way of just making an opportunity for yourself I would just say if you're doing it yourself and you're working with actors and actors are fantastic if they're stage actors you may have to told them down a little bit so they don't just blow you another name straight because the kid in the mic what they've done is people that will act with their whole bodies even though they're on microphone your body affects your voice and if somebody just stands there and talks to them like they've never moved it really affects their voice and they don't sound as alive as if really good voice actors can move and still not be off-mine and that's just something because you're working with people that keep in mind it's okay to move your voice and it's okay to vocalize too step out whatever because you can't, as you said you can't have those clauses or people think they've lost power so there's some kind of vocalization or sound effect to fill it in if you must have it but basically Claire it's been very good about letting it go and if there's time to shift gears there's a lot that can be done in court production even when it's recorded live if there are any other questions we're going to see a little bit about a little bit from each of these what they do do you want to start with maybe then there'll be some questions we'll do the video for you we're pulling it up right now take two couple minutes to go where is this video from? in March we did two evenings of three short plays each at a fantastic new facility in downtown Brooklyn called Brick, Brick Arts House it's just adjacent to Bam Harvey and they have an amazing black box with bleachers that come out a little U shaped balcony so if they really have received they can get 230 people in there but they were terrific it was terrific and we had a lot of fun so it's a long story why we did this is because we're on nobody's radar and a playwright said to me David Ives Claudia you're never going to raise any money if you don't raise your profile so he said call me and I did I called a meeting six playwrights showed up they concluded that we had to do something live so I said that's going to cost a lot of money and everybody just acted like they didn't hear um and I just put it together but they were right they were right because it has helped and I think we need to do it more so this is one of those two nights and then from the first night I was able to cobble together to make a show from the second night hopefully too and then I still have some extras because you always have hanging inventory sometimes it's there for these wonderful pieces could be stranded and orphaned for a year or two before you find an opportunity where they fit in thematically and in terms of the minutes are we good um making sure this is loud enough for you all to hear any questions just in terms of funding I think when we had a conversation at one point you guys have been able to get some funding from the state of Florida the humanities that was great right so yeah that was done through the studio 620 that art space and that was for two years and it was to fund plays either about Florida basically so they were preferably both and one thing that we found really works for us is locality so even after the grant as in we have this kind of running series where there's a continuing story each time that's really really hyperlocal it's based in that town and there's our co-writer our newspaper writer who's very funny but he also adds in a lot of political references to people and it's popular because people like to hear their town mention him have you experimented at all with times of day that you program your show and what is or isn't more or less successful we have no control over that well it's like you were like you know the program controls that and we've been on the digital side channel for a couple of years so most people are either listening to the podcast or they're at the event most people are not listening to the actual live broadcast but that's a good question the show used to be on the main broadcast channel on a Wednesday night or something and now it's basically a live cast we haven't really pursued promotion as aggressive as we should which means basically at all but it's difficult to listen to because it's a lot of shows or what get local pros can I ask so neither of these programs have been put out as paid podcasts this has all been a podcast for offered free online yes except I'm glad you brought this up because I'm you know not in my brains out trying to figure out how to bring in a trickle of revenue and the concept is to deliver theater to everybody for free and on demand so that will remain right over free streaming for free podcast a few at a time for free but it did occur to me that if we had a store where people could access shows that weren't available at that moment for free let's say there's five shows up for free or for some reason they wanted to download it I was thinking we should probably do that and I wanted to ask what you thought you would be a reasonable price hey because I'd like it to be inexpensive but also I'm going through the exact same thing because I'm working on an audio project and it's trying to figure out how to price it obviously there's nothing that would be at the store couldn't be somehow down for free but some people just convenience is worth paying our podcast the drama skill are all free I'm from the school that you don't pay for podcasts money shouldn't come from the listener it should come from sponsors I just came across a lot of research about the pricing of how you want to do that and how you want to sell it but there's even a few sites and I can't cite any of them but you can put your podcasts into it and you don't even have to edit they'll do all the editing and they'll cut into sponsors that they think are more suited for your program wow this is all via Google are we ready for the video? Matt are we good? most of you can always get it from here because it doesn't have all on the podcast all right well here is playing on hair can I pause that for a second? it's a good spot my sexy boombox my sexy boombox nice now this is a this is a this is a a sexy boombox are we good now? we should be okay is Connie up there? yeah Cliff she's here business excuse me man she's like yeah only not too good oh she said attractive today I was out in the patio thinking about how I'm almost 26 and I'm out of work and then I look up and I see these little underwears a woman rather I noticed Max looking at me the second day he moved in I knew his uncle next door a long time you ever noticed some girls I mean women's underwear how they got those little ribbons in the shape of a bow that's cute I'm kind of genius you know my mind started going and everybody celebrates someone when it's hot do not people sleep when it's hot you are people sleep my people would picnic and all that should have never followed you out here but yeah I didn't start the play thinking I was going to write a play about recovering addicts I was going to write about two damaged people that were desperately trying to connect in some way and so the fact that one of them happened to be an addict and her friends happened to be an addict that was just sort of the texture for the play but really it was about these two damaged people that shouldn't connect that were trying to desperately connect so Rosie do you think Connie will call Benny? yeah John you you often work in one person comedic shows that you've written like ghetto clown no freakers bigger than that can you talk a little about the attraction or the challenge of doing someone else's comedy yeah I mean doing my own one man shows is being up there alone it's a weird kind of lonely environment this is so much better it's so much better to have stuff to bounce off people and have them to share it's a much more groovy thing the one man show I just love I love the story time of a one man show more than anything but it's a lonely racket what made it especially fun Bobby you mean it looked like you were having a great time David's a really good playwright he's a crafty playwright I think the play sort of masters the form it's a short play and within a short play there are all these reveals and that's really what makes it fun you know going in it's a short play and you're kind of wondering where it's going to go and it's unpredictable and I think all the little doors that are open in the play make it for a fun experience and so I like that your expectations are kind of thrown off you think a lot of things are going to happen and the opposite happens you think they're going to maybe connect and they don't and that's why I like it and obviously the crowd it works all right by David Branziano right? yes it was yes we produced that play at Summer Shorts probably ten years now and we took it out into the school tour the high school tour and the kids loved that play they loved it so it's fun to see it like that the audience liked it a lot yeah um you guys have some I'll give it to you so I thought at this year's we could do kind of a live thing here absolutely give you a taste and I always think I've been incredibly intimidated to do that can you get your submarine so I just need right so I need for this one two actors if you have any volunteers one in the back get her get her she's good no pressure I think this is a good example of one of Matt's that he wrote that takes advantage of the fact that he can't see what's going on and I would certainly encourage everybody to write for radio and use it instead of constraint how could you take advantage of that because you can't really see what's going on so it can be terry or men which are not specific do we need one more actor one more actor come on up so you'll be terry and I will grab my extensive sound effects kit over here you can bring a door okay fully fully artist if you guys can hear okay we won't bother with microphones or anything it smells good sorry the only direction on video is the lab by solar oh might be the best direction you've ever been right it was make a mess for the the coldest I got the first line I know that one alright okay well this is cozy all tucked up like this yes shoulder to shoulder as it were it's actually fairly comfortable not bad I mean usually when I lie on my back like this it's really uncomfortable when I lower back this isn't bad at all that's good it's padded just right I think thoughtful of them yeah it's a pleasant sound if you close your eyes and listen it is kind of nice relaxing in its way exactly like listening to the ocean at night or rain on a roof a tin roof a great sound indeed what's that the Smithsonian it's great you should go you have a pendulum there this big weight on a long long rope in the middle of the building it's really amazing I don't remember what it was supposed to show you but it looks cool neat of course strictly speaking that's not a pendulum it said so I remember not the Smithsonian up there right a pendulum moves in a bit of a circle I think that's more straight back and forth true and of course the one at the Smithsonian doesn't have the big axe blade at the end I don't imagine I think it came to a point drew lines in the sand or something like ultimatums no, just circled the other one at DC wasn't slowly lowering down either it was just in one place and you didn't have to get tied to a bench to watch it that's an advantage not that I mind being this close to you of course not, nice of you to say not at all still, it'd be nice to be able to move a little escape if it came up of course what do you think will happen when that lowers all the way down well, it'll cut us right in two I should think that doesn't sound fun at all no that's the sort of thing that would kill a person I think that's the idea evil geniuses can really be fairly unpleasant of a Sunday afternoon to a spy at least still come with a job I suppose absolutely and it's been nice spending the afternoon tied up next to you you mean that? I do I've always felt like there's been a distance between us and I've never known how to cross it you wanted to? yes, I did I don't know what to say it took a mad genius to bring us together life is funny, isn't it isn't it just well I feel like I can die a happy man now thank you it's been a yes and you'll be around for the rest of the day thank you everybody thank you for the information this weekend which will go up on our website as well so that you can have some of the resources to link back to what we've been doing and also please feel free to email us you're going to be getting like surveys and stuff but we'd really like to know what has worked for you and what you'd like to see more of God forbid we do this again we may, we don't know but really this was great and Seth, thank you these new episodes and whatnot you can go to the site and put your name in the contact thing because it won't bother you other than that so we are we are here we are, okay be back here at 7.30 for cocktails and to start sort of chatting each other up a little bit and drinking so that we can start enjoying the finalist place that will be next and the other thing I will tell you is this because I think this might have gotten lost a little bit and we'll probably repeat it later but all of you who are at city rights with playwrights although our submission process begins August 30th through September 30th because you are here you can direct


Hi, this is Jessica Hangman at Alden Library, and in this video I'm going to show you how to get access to some test preparation tools through the library's website. These are tools that will help you prepare for tests like the GRE or the TOEFL exam. So starting from the library website, we're going to use a database called the Testing and Education Reference Center. So all you really need to do is go to the library's website, click on databases, and then type in the word testing and click search. And once you're on the page that says Testing and Education Reference Center, click connect. If you are off campus, before you get to this website, you will be asked to log in with your Ohio ID and password. This verifies that you are with Ohio University. So you can see along the top here I have different kinds of tools, including grad school tools and some international tools. I'm going to take a look at the tools they have for the GRE. And you can see that in this case they have some practice tests as well as a book that I can use to get ready for the GRE exam. To take the practice tests, you will need to log in so it can track your scores. You can use your Ohio email address if you'd like for this, but you don't have to. You know, go ahead and click. And I've already actually logged in to my account so you can see what this looks like. And so here, once it logs in, is a test that I had played with before. So I'm going to exit out of that and show you some other tools available. Under grad school, we have some information about graduate school search, deciding where to go, preparation for the LSAT or the MCAT exams as well. Under international tools, there is information for the test of English as a foreign language and again, a similar kind of thing in that you can take a practice test or get resources to help you get ready for the test. If you have any questions about accessing the Testing Education Reference Center, be sure to head back to the library website and you can use the live chat to ask questions or you can stop at the fourth floor desk in the library and let us know how we can help.


As we come together as part of this amazing gathering of people from around the world, I ask you to pause for a moment to appreciate the role that our biology plays in all of this, from the innovation of the airplanes that brought many of us here to just breeding the air. We can only do these things because our biology enables us to do them. And that biology is the result of millions and millions of years of evolution. I'm going to take you back to two key evolutionary innovations that happened early on in our lineage that set us off on a trajectory distinct from that of our closest living relatives, the African Great Apes, chimpanzees, and gorillas. But before we travel back in time, it's important that you know that the world 15 million years ago was a really different place. There were a lot of apes around and very, very few monkeys. Now I don't mean in terms of sheer numbers because of course there are a lot of people on the planet today. I'm talking about the numbers of species in genera and their geographic ranges. Today, when we look at the primates on the planet, we see that there are many species of monkeys around. They're all over Africa and across Europe and Asia. But when you look at apes, they have a much more restricted geographic range and as a consequence, they find themselves at significant risk of extinction. Climate change is central to this because 10 million years ago, the Mediterranean dried up. And as those monkeys and apes were adapting to that major shift in the climate, they were in stiff competition with each other. Research in my lab has led to new discoveries as to how the dentition was involved in this. Teeth are an essential tool for studying evolution because they develop and erupt over a significant portion of your life. And also they're inorganic so they preserve really well in the fossil record. I've been working with a pedigreed colony of baboons to study the inheritance of dental traits. These analyses enable us to characterize evolution in a way that reflects how the genetic mechanisms that actually underlie dental formation, how they have evolved through time. So we do this by capturing the relative sizes of teeth. These relative sizes capture the output of genetic patterning mechanisms. So if you look on this graph, you can see that the living monkeys occupy, they have a lot of variation compared to the apes. But when we plot on those apes from 5 to 10 million years ago, you see they actually occupied space that is only monkeys today. Those apes were out competed by the monkeys. Now I'm going to take you to 4.4 million years ago to Ethiopia, where we see the fossil evidence for how our lineage survived that competition. At the site of Aramis, we have found evidence of an ape that had two really unusual characteristics, both evinced in the shape of the bones of the skeleton. The pelvis is bowl shaped and there had been selection for musculature that could stabilize the pelvis while standing on one leg. So these apes could walk like we do. In contrast, chimpanzees, they don't have that and they walk like this. You see here, this baboon has really large canines. Most male primates have very large canine teeth that they use to fight with each other over social dominance and also to fight over sexual access to females. Ardipithecus was different. Instead, ardipithecus males and females both had small canines. So we read from that that these males and females, they were significantly bonded together. They had pair bonding. You don't see this in any other ape today. So now, let's pull all of this together. So we have these two characteristics of the standing on two legs, walking well on two legs and being pair bonded. How do those two things provide an advantage in the competition with monkeys?  And so that extended childhood of apes, it opens up an important opportunity for significant parental investment. And that can lead to more complex learning. It can lead to language and it can lead to adolescence. Over time, in our lineage, the males that could carry their own offspring, who could carry food and provision, they provided their children with a significant evolutionary advantage. So today, when you see behaviors like this, know that it's deeply embedded in our evolutionary lineage. This is the key evolutionary adaptation that underlies what it means to be on the human lineage. Thank you.


Get more views by avoiding exclamation marks. I know it sounds silly, but here's what I mean. I Had a comment yesterday's video that talked about this issue Hey, George the guy who was saying about the website not working was probably not realizing the exclamation mark after the URL so Here's what happened the video description of this video where was George the land of spam Had an exclamation mark right after the link now. I've already added a space But here's how it looked before it had no space just an exclamation mark right after the link and what YouTube does is If you click it it puts the exclamation mark into the URL Duh, why does it do that? I don't know sounds like a bug. Hey YouTube. Can you fix it, please? So in the meantime, all you do is you add a space like that and then when you click it it goes to the right website so Do you use exclamation marks or periods or other things after the links in your video description? If so, stop it add a space between any punctuation and your link Otherwise people may not be able to see your website if they click it in the video description And you won't get more views. So how do you get more views? Remove the pump out of space. I Hope you find this tip helpful. Do you like these kind of short tip videos? One topic one video.  Is that better tell me in the comments below also? Tell me if you have any tips to share yourself Because that's how we grow together as a family and in case you missed yesterday's episode Click that I right there That tip was talking about how to get 10% more views and I'll give you a little sneak peek. Do you see this? How did we get this jump in views? Well, click that I to find out by referring to my previous episode Hope this helps and we'll see you on the next episode of the George show. Who am I? I am George CEO and founder of Freedom and you've been watching the George show tip edition Take care guys till next time. Bye. Bye


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here So we have the finalized update on screen 5 production has officially been completed It is locked and ready to go as worded out in my thumbnail for this video today Got some exciting things to talk about Matt Bell Nelly Matt Bennelli and Tyler Gillette Along with Brian Tyler. They went ahead and shared this news or basically confirmed this news on their social media pages Instagram to be specific and then the other outlets followed up with it with news reports coming out about it Matt Bennelli he had posted this image here of what looks like I guess Brian Tyler has a score titled Ghostface for the film and his caption reads picture is locked and we just finished scoring on the Newman stage Thank you so much to all the amazing artists who have worked so tirelessly on this movie So again, Brian Tyler We know is the one scoring this film and I guess ghostface will have his own little type of Music in this film I don't think ghostface has ever had his own type of or its own type of score to say In the previous installment, so I'm looking forward to seeing what happens here with this music Can't wait to hear some bits of this music is again Brian Tyler I think his scores for the previous films that I've seen from him including ready or not I think he does a great job adding that emotional weight to certain scenes in films and his scores just kind of Fit certain aspects when they're trying to get into those more tense areas of a film or certain sequences going on in the film Or more heartfelt moments in a film. I think he's a good composer so This makes me very excited because we're so close to this movie finally and it's it's finished There's a lot of stuff we can look forward to now going forward as far as expecting our first poster expecting probably a More specific plot synopsis for this film and just getting to learn more things about it We know that we have those interviews to look forward to Fangoria has something coming out next month that we're all expecting to have something related to scream in it So we're gonna look out for that as well But it's just really exciting to know that for a very long time it seemed that this would never happen But here we are screen 5 it's getting closer and closer as the days and hours and seconds and minutes past We're almost there at that finish line to January 14th, 2022 I'm still holding out hope that there is some type of thing Like a screening or such that goes on that leads to positive reception coming out about this film early on and maybe there's Early advanced screenings that take place in December so certain people can see the film early and ramp up the excitement even more Can't wait to meet these new characters Of course Melissa Borreira playing Sam Carpenter and her younger sister played by Jenna Ortega Tara Carpenter can't wait to meet the rest of the cast We have Jack Quaid playing Richie. We have the niece and nephew of Randy Meeks that we're gonna meet We know that Martha Meeks is expected to be back whether or not she'll actually be in the film though That's something that I want all of us to keep in mind There's certain things that couldn't be cut out of them We know that she was present on set and that she definitely must have had a role recorded But her role could have been like essentially cut from the final product. So just keep that in mind but The other thing we need to talk about was regarding What is coming up and when we might also now need to start expecting to see our first look at this film I am still holding out hope that we will get something before August because that's where this event is going to be taking place It's taking place in the month of August I'm gonna hold out hope that we'll get something before that maybe like a little more descriptive plot synopsis maybe some new behind-the-scenes images from the film and Also, just maybe those new interviews from the directors Matt and Tyler and one of the producers that were also present with them for those interviews Can't wait to see those and hopefully learn more things about how excited they are about this project they've just worked so hard on and The thing that we need to talk about is regarding cinema con now cinema con is Like one of the biggest exhibitions that involve like Celebrating the theatrical experience and where all these major studios come together and they highlight their upcoming slate of films that they have for later this year next year and Maybe a year to an advance like 2023 even so Eric Davis who many of you might know from Fandago and Ryan tomatoes He tweeted out about the schedule being released for cinema con now the thing that important here related to scream is that Paramount and Paramount is going to have something at this come at this event at this convention and He said it's notable to point out that WB Warner Brothers presentation is three hours long Disney and Paramount are over two and a half hours long now. We do not yet know what the runtime is of screen screen five But my hope is that again I know Paramount has a lot of things coming up before I get to that though I just want to say that I went ahead and look this up to see where they would be falling in place at They have a listing on the website for cinema con from 9 30 a.m. To 12 15 p.m. Where it reads Paramount pictures invites you to an exclusive presentation highlighting its upcoming slate 9 30 a.m. To 12 15 p.m. We don't know how long this movie is going to be But with the the fact the fact of the matter that we haven't had any reshoots we've heard nothing but Confidence on this film from the studio Paramount seems to be pleased with it the producers seem to be pleased with it Those in the higher-up positions that have their financial investment in this seem to be pleased with it What if because this goes on at cinema con cinema con is also the event where they had that little screening or preview screening of Showing that early scene from it chapter 2 of Beverly getting attacked by the old lady Which you know, of course was penny wise, but they have done film screenings at these cinema con events in the past as well They could do full feature-length screenings with Convention panels with hours this long like that They have a upcoming slate of films that they could present that we know Paramount will in fact present along with screen 5 So we could get a trailer a teaser at this convention from screen 5 a new poster or something else We don't already get it in the months of this month June and July But what if they actually have so much confidence in this project that they are going to screen the entire film for those Select few individuals that are present at this panel That's something that's possible. I feel like that's possible. And now I know they want to protect spoilers all these other different types of things. I Still think that it is of course a possibility that they could Have this film screened at cinema con that could be where a Very little small amount of people who were forced to attend this convention could get their first look at this hopefully amazing film That is doing justice to what West Craven has brought us in the past Hopefully it is on par More so with the first two films than the last two we've gotten even though I love all of these movies It's it's a possibility I could see them debuting the entire full-length film at cinema con I could see that happening. I could see that happen But if it doesn't maybe this should be the place that we should be expecting our first teaser trailer or full-fledged trailer And again, maybe a new poster even or official poster So let me know what you guys think about this down in the comment section below Are you excited that production is finally wrapped if you have it already? Of course, make sure you subscribe turn on post notification at name is the video in the description I have links to my social media accounts on my Facebook Twitter and Instagram you can message me there Of course, that means any movies news or reviews you like me to cover in the future with all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video


A human growth and development researcher was observing children at a preschool. She noticed that the girls in the class tended to be better at coloring inside the lines. Since the researcher found this an interesting observation, she began to research any existing information that might be related to what she had seen. Based on her observation and research, she made a guess about what was occurring. Three-year-old girls have better fine motor skills than three-year-old boys. She tested this idea by collecting coloring samples from three-year-old boys and girls at area preschools, 10 out of 53-year-old boys colored within the lines, and 30 out of 53-year-old girls colored within the lines. The researcher then wrote a report that outlined how the information she obtained supported her idea that three-year-old girls have better fine motor skills than three-year-old boys. This is an example of the use of the scientific method in human growth and development research. The scientific method is a method of investigation used by researchers to identify a problem, observe associated variables, and collect data to reach conclusions about the problem. The goal of human development researchers is to understand, describe, and predict changes that can occur throughout a person's lifespan. They must utilize the scientific method to conduct this research in order to validate the assumptions that are being made. You've been hearing about the scientific method from as early as elementary school. However, most of your past experience with the process was probably not associated with the social sciences. Because of this, when you first heard the scientific method mentioned, you probably pictured a laboratory experiment involving chemicals or measuring the growth of plants in a controlled experiment. Is this the same process as in the social sciences? The answer to this question is yes. The major elements of the scientific method are shared by both the social sciences and other types of science. The only major difference is that in the social sciences, such as the study of human growth and development, different methods of research are used more often. Assumptions and inferences must be allowed as well. This is because people are much more difficult to understand, predict, and control the chemicals or laboratory conditions. There are also ethical concerns in the study of people. Because of the different methods of research used, results of the research in the field of human development can be a bit more complex, even though the basic scientific steps being applied are still the same. The scientific method allows for human growth and development research to occur in an objective and systematic way. This means that the conclusions being reached will still be significant. In order to understand how researchers reach these conclusions, let's look more closely at the research process itself, as well as the basic steps that are used to conduct the research. We are going to discuss five steps involved in the scientific method. First, you will select an area that you want to research and learn more about it. This may begin in a simple way, like making an observation. Then, you have to learn what information already exists about the topic that you want to research. This is like the researcher in our previous example. She noticed that the girls in the class tended to be better at coloring in the lines. Then, she began to research any existing information that might be related to what she had seen. Second, you will develop a hypothesis about what you want to investigate. A hypothesis is a testable statement that is logically derived from theory or observation. Previous research is essential to helping you form this educated guess. In the previous example, our researcher guessed that three-year-old girls have better fine motor skills than three-year-old boys based on her observation and research. Third, you will test your hypothesis. Often, you will think of a traditional experiment at this point, but testing the hypothesis can be done in a number of ways. Our researcher chose to gather coloring samples and obtain data from them. She then performed a correlational research study, or a study that examines relationships between two different items or events. Fourth, you will make a conclusion based on the data you obtain. This is where descriptive statistics come in. Descriptive statistics are numerical descriptions of samples. When our researcher ran the numbers, she found a positive relationship between good coloring skills and being a three-year-old girl, and a negative relationship between good coloring skills and being a three-year-old boy. This shows that three-year-old girls color better than three-year-old boys. This research did not prove that three-year-old girls have better fine motor skills, but it does add support for our researcher's hypothesis. Fifth, you will make the results of your research available to others. Our researcher did this by writing up a report on her findings. In the report, the researcher would have listed her findings as well as any limitations that our research may have had. This will allow other researchers to test her hypothesis, repeat the study to see if they get the same results, or develop additional ways to test her idea. This is like a check and balance in the scientific method, and it's an important step in the scientific process. It allows results to either be validated or proven incorrect by additional testing. The scientific method is a method of investigation used by researchers to identify a problem, observe associated variables, and collect data to reach conclusions about the problem. Human growth and development research utilizes the scientific method to conduct research. Using the scientific method helps validate the assumptions being made. To apply the scientific method, there are certain steps that are followed. First, you will select an area that you want to research and learn more about it. Second, you will develop a hypothesis about what you want to investigate. Third, you will test your hypothesis. Fourth, you will make a conclusion based on the data you obtain. And fifth, you will make the results of your research available to others. Because of the different methods of research used, results of research in the field of human development can be a bit more complex than in traditional experiments. Applying the basic steps of the scientific method allows human growth and development to a current objective.


I bring them back together and we talk about the story of what actually happened and why it happened. What play was Abraham Lincoln, what play was he attending when he was killed?


Everybody forced here up in a box of 2022 score jumbo Score jumbo for Brett and thanks Brett. Good luck first one. I think we've opened at the shop this year Yeah, so was it four autos this year? That's pretty good. Everything but vet base will ship here No vet base ships. Everything else will ship. It's like 90 rookies. I think I read They should all be in the rookie unis from what I understand which is really cool because score the past decade has not had Smallest no wiggle room. Let's see. Let's see So we'll kind of just jump past all that bet base We'll take a look at the first view and just kind of see what it looks like, but that's just how much gonna jump past it Definitely classic-looking design man really throw back in this year really retro look like it Where do we start with the? All right rookies here. I'll kind of flip a little slower through these pull out any pickets. Oh There he is Bailey's happy insert Hot rookies Aidan Hutchinson Sutton what he's called scorecard scorecard sudden That's where's that my good roof with value for autos as well. Yeah, that's solid I wonder if you can get on card in this Likely with Practice helmet on dude. I get I just so funny looking still they're always gonna be funny looking hot rookies Kenneth Walker the third Drake London draft insert Breakthrough that Pits there Abrams Smith rookie auto non-numbered and They too are three of 20 red zone It's numbered to a yeah, it should all be stickers in this. I was just curious I don't think you can get on card in school at the price point. I would be surprised Breakthrough fields James Williams draft insert hot rookies Kenny Pickett insert Alan Najee and Williams and a scorecard miles Sanders pickings there wider Meyer drafts White Carter and AJ Brown Points card wild card points carry rice Drake London Breakthrough Javante breeze haul draft insert Toe the line Davante Smith looking card and squad Yeah, it's Cowboys 97 of 100 Brandon Smith Abrams Smith There's Hutchinson Mr. Perks Sam Hal draft insert to the line AJ Brown Hot rookies Stingley and Elijah Moore artist-proof 3 of 35 Rookies here the line Cooper cup squad Cardinals break through Mack Jones a Jason Taylor auto Goat defensive lineman right there Tyler Beatty rookie scorecard. This is solid dude. Yeah, I like it so far I'm usually pretty hard on score because I'm not a college No college unis Quite an NFL uni most of them, but still no college unis all the premier guys. I feel like Quanu London Come on flip cards From you doves. Yeah Hey, I'll love a hot rookies. Some of the inserts have it in like that. Yeah I'm trailing Burke's drafts and Derek Henry scorecard. No, if the inserts are in the college There's like no hearty I know don't exist. There's one I think near me actually Never like dying to go to a hearty when Culver's is right around the corner. Yeah, it's hard man. We'll Shakir scored yesterday Ford Here Wilson I'm in Williams Aiden a Hutchinson rookie auto now Solid stuff man and Evan Neal rookie 61 of 100 Sure, we will Oh, that would be in mixtures. Yeah, last pack. There's easy. I love his signature man. It's so good freeze haul Hi, rookie's Matt Corral. I like makes his cards more valuable no matter what. Yeah, can't argue with me on that Yeah, and nice die cut James and Williams seven and ten. That was a really good box actually James Williams die cut. That was really good. That's Good stuff. Thank you Brett Appreciate it man again. Just the inserts and rookies are gonna ship none of the bed base Look how much that is. Why did they put so much bed base? Appreciate it. We'll get it right out to you


We're urbanizing at well over a million people a week.  Is there kind of an optimum or maximum size to a city? Could you have Tokyo 100 million or Mexico City 100 million? The economy will double in the next 20 years, and the infrastructure needs for economic development turn just enormous. You can't do really economic development without infrastructure. People now know what other people have in other parts of the world, and everybody wants that. Governments need to rise to the challenge. You talk to a developing country, what they'll say is they need foreign investment. I mean, where is the investment going to come from? There's a lot of short-term liquidity in the market, long-term capital, it's still very difficult to get to commit. We've got to bring in new investors. They've got to see that infrastructure is a major part not only of their investment portfolio, but of developing the economy. The whole point of having a city, the whole point of all that infrastructure as a way of bringing people together, create new things, and in particular create wealth. Governments, I think at the beginning, don't understand that they have to put in place policy measures, guarantee systems. Nobody's got the answers yet, but there's a lot of thinking going on. The most important thing is cooperation. World Economic Forum can facilitate cooperation, collaboration among governments, the private sector. Organization, organizations, development organizations, companies like ourselves in the real estate sector who have an impact on property in this area. Looking at case studies of what has worked and what has been very successful and then helping people become aware and sharing best practice and being an advocate of the necessary changes that need to take place. Probably going to be technical solutions and where the folks that can provide technical solutions. You know, it's such an extraordinary group of people that are attracted here. Potentially maybe there can be a little impact on what's going to happen.


Welcome back to channel everybody. For those of you who are new around here, my name is Michael aka Dr. Chalini and I'm an interventional radiologist in New York City. Two of my left is my lovely wife, Andriana, who has been a practicing PA for eight years. And by now you've seen the title of this video. So tell them what it's about. So we're going to be discussing the recent title change of PA from physician assistant to physician associate and our thoughts on this title change. We got a lot of requests for this video. So you left us no choice. Let's do it. All right. As many of you already heard, we're just going straight into it. Did I, was that it? That was the intro? Yeah. All right. That's our intro. All right. Okay. All right.  So we'll read the definition from the AAPA.org website. So PAs are medical professionals who diagnose illness, develop and manage treatment plans, prescribe medications, and often serve as a patient's principal health care provider. They practice in every state and every medical setting and specialty, improving health care access and quality. Now that we know what a PA is, let's talk about the name change. So on May 24th, the AAPA House of Delegates passed by majority votes a historic resolution affirming the name change from physician assistant to physician associate. And we're here to kind of give our thoughts as to what it means to me as a PA and for Michael to give his opinion as a physician, what that means in their field or in their scope of practice. I have my own feelings about it, but I want to hear your feelings about it. She's been a practicing PA for eight years and a number of different specialties. So physician assistant, physician associate, how exactly do you feel? So I'll begin by when I first started practicing as a PA. This was maybe in the first couple of months.  No, actually I'm a physician assistant and they're like, oh, like an administrative assistant. They kind of interpret that as I was like an administrative assistant in my medical office or in a medical practice. People say that a lot because they hear the word assistant and they immediately think you're like in an office setting. Right, exactly. There has actually been always talks about a different name for our profession since I was in PA school. Yale's PA program is actually a physician associate program. So you can go look it up or we'll kind of put it on, put a little screen right here that their program up here, that their program is actually a physician associate program. Yeah. So it's actually not a new title, but it's not the official title. That being said, we are still not going by the name physician associate. We're still physician assistant. There's a lot of campaigns and branding that needs to be done with this change. So for now, I am Adriana physician assistant. So what do you think about the title change? As I mentioned recently in the Q&A, I think it's a great way for us as PA's to not confuse the public when it comes to assistant versus associate. So when you introduce yourself as a PA to a patient, it's a little bit easier for the patient to understand that we are the provider and not the assistant in the office and we will be seeing them and treating them and diagnosing them or whatever we may be doing. PA's or myself are not here to replace a physician. Our title and our scope of practice isn't changing. We still have to practice under a physician. I think for us, it's just easier and a better way for us to introduce ourselves to the public and to kind of have a better grasp on what our profession really is. We're not just an assistant. You know, we're a provider to some patients. During the pandemic, it was shown that we needed PA's in urgent care, is in the ER's in the ICU's. We needed more providers and that's more help. I'll give my thoughts on it. I think generally it's a better way to kind of classify PA's because I think the term assistant is a little kind of a misnomer. It can kind of be misconstrued. It's a little confusing, but at the same time, the word associate can also be a little confusing, right? So technically I'm a physician. I'm joining a private practice with other physician colleagues and we have associate physicians and we have partners. So any physician in that practice before they become a partner after a certain number of years is considered an associate. Got it. So technically I would be an associate physician at my practice. Now, without being said, I would never tell people outside of my practice that I'm an associate. I think that's where it comes into play. It's like when you introduce yourself to your patient, you're not saying hi, I'm physician associate Michael Trillini, right? Exactly. It's always hi. I'm Dr. Trillini. You're always the physician. So I feel the term physician associate can also be confusing as well for patients because if you introduce yourself as a physician associate, they may second guess and be like, is he or she an associate physician like to the practice? Yeah, I don't know. It's just, it's just confusing. Like are they actually an associate physician? Are they a physician assistant who now had the name changed to physician associate? So I can see how it's confusing. So it's like on one hand I like the change because it takes out the word assistant and it gives them a better title physician associate, which sounds like a colleague to the physician, which they are, but also I can see that it could potentially cause confusion in the future as well. Which is why we haven't even implemented this change because that's where the APA stated that there's lots of campaigns and branding that has to be done to educate the public and I guess everyone essentially of what the physician associate title means. One of the big confusion is physician assistants, they don't want to be doctors. Like do you want to be a doctor? No. That's what I say. They're like, oh, they're always PAs want to be doctors and they just want to have a name that's a doctor related or whatnot. But you don't want to be a doctor. That's why we chose this path for a reason. And a lot of people always comment below, like if we do a PA related video, they're like, oh, she just wanted to be a doctor. I'm like, no, she went this because she didn't want to be a doctor. So I wanted to touch a little bit on the article that the AOA American House Pathetic Association put out about the physician assistant's name change. I'm not going to read the whole thing, but I'll probably put a link down below this video. But basically what they're saying is, regardless of the name change, there is no replacing a physician's training in a physician led team. They always want a physician to be leading the team and leading the charge on patient care. And I 100% agree with this, but I don't think that changing the name from physician assistant to physician associate would mean that they are trying to take over as a lead role for a patient care team. I think they're just kind of like making sure and making sure that everybody knows. But they kind of also incorporated with that just all non-physician providers. So I don't know what that has anything to do with the name change. Like there are a lot of doctorates, right? There's like a doctor and nurse practitioner, a doctor of physical therapy, a doctor of pharmacy. There's a lot of doctor titles that aren't physicians. And they're saying basically the more we start doing this alphabet soup, word jumble, physician-esque name titles, it can cause even more confusion for the general population.  They aren't trying to replace us. Well, there may be some select few that are, but I've never encountered one, but I'm sure they're, yeah, of course. You always hear stories, right? So I feel like this is a good segue now into something else I want to talk about because I get a lot of comments on this as well, saying like, I'm just a Dr. Shill who, you know, because I'm a PA on his wife, or whatever, like anybody who hates on the physician assistant physician associate doesn't understand how important they actually are to physicians. Like they, they, they either haven't worked with them, have some sort of eutistical complex where they feel like they're inferior to them or something, or they're a med student or resident who has had that experience with one or doesn't work with them, or it's a physician that doesn't know how to utilize them appropriately. So I'll give you an example of practice I'm going to. There's a couple of PAs that weren't there. And one of them was going to move out of the state to the other side of the country. Our practice didn't want them to leave so bad that they basically made them an offer. They can't refuse because that's how good they were. That's how much you needed them and that's how much and how valuable they are to the practice because you don't realize using their physician assistant appropriately allows you as the physician to free up your time to do other things. Having a PA available to other procedures that are less complex and freeze me up to do more complex procedures, not only is better for the practice being able to do more patients, but it's better for the patients as well because they get quicker access to care. It's a win-win and a lot of the PAs, especially in interventional radiology, are an extension of us and can do a lot of things that, you know, we just don't have time to get to. We're only one person. So yeah, that makes sense. That happened in both your training and in your practice. You know, sometimes residents feel a little inferior to PA sometimes, especially some that have been in the hospital working in the same place for a long time, but you don't realize how much you can learn from a veteran PA that's been in the same hospital doing the same stuff for years and years and years because I promise you they know what they're doing. Some of the IR PAs will be doing ports and putting ports in for years and years and years and years, 10, 12, 15,000 ports in their lifetime. As a new IR resident, you can learn so much from them if you just allow them to teach you. So I don't know. I've always been pro PA. I think if you use them correctly, your practice and your career and everything is going to be way better.  PAs don't want to replace doctors and I don't think they're on the same level as doctors, but that's not the point of a PA. End rant. That was very passionate. Yeah, it was passionate. Sorry, I want to give up my chest. I see so many people comment and it drives me crazy because they just don't they don't know what they're worth. Just as a PA in my setting in the hospital, I was on the floors. I was assisting in the OR. The patients needed me. The nurses needed me. The social workers needed me. The attendings needed me. So we were always working as a team. No one was trying to replace anyone. Same in my Durham office. My doctor was able to see a lot more patients. We were able to give access to the community quicker. Like you instead of waiting a week, you were able to, you know, be seen that week for your new rash that erupted or whatever the case may be. So in the hospital, when I first started my first year residency in surgery, she was a surgery PA at the hospital and she taught me so much stuff because she had been working there for years prior. So if I didn't have her, I would probably want to learn a lot of stuff. You work together to get the job done and ensure you're delivering excellent patient care. That's just the way this and it's for me and all of my experiences with PAs I have almost every year I've worked with a ton of PAs. That's always how it's been. But I also like all my attending physicians, I've never had a bad encounter with any of them where they felt that I was trying to replace them. That's because those physicians are smart and they realize whatever asset you are to the team and not just, you know, something you're worried about. One of the things I want to talk about is a lot of people are worried about scope creep and saying they've said that because my wife's the PA, he supports scope creep and no what scope creep like PAs or MPs are trying to take hold of doctors jobs and they practice independently and whatnot. We can practice independently without a physician or without a supervising physician. So yeah, I know there are some specialties like anesthesia where a lot of the CNAs are pushing to practice independently and I think they've actually are able to do that now. But essentially nothing will replace a physician. And if you're worried about someone replacing you as a physician, make yourself irreplaceable. So I can say, I mean, I think that in health care, we need more hands. We need more people to be present when patients need anesthesia. We need more people in primary care and urging care, especially in the hospitals in the ICU. So I think that's where the mistake is like no one realizes why these professions came about. It's not to replace one another. It's just to have more hands on deck. You know, we're not talking about issues in New York City where there's tons of access to health care. We're talking about small towns and smaller states where they don't have many physicians per capita. A lot of the PAs and MPs they're pushing for independent practice and they're using the guys of you know, these smaller towns which a lot of them don't even have physicians in some of these small towns, which is crazy still because there aren't enough primary care physicians to go around. So we're trying to grab a straws here to find people who are educated enough to be primary care providers. All right, so if you have any questions or comments about this video, I feel like a lot of people are going to comment.  Yeah, don't be rude. And there's actually nothing to be rude about. But you know, I'm open to hearing your thoughts on it actually. So it's not like this is not to bring negativity. None of these videos are to bring any negative views. But yeah, it's just more of a time. Yeah, it's just more of a conversation where how I feel as a PA, how Michael feels as a physician and how you as a PA or MP or nurse or physician feel as well. So yeah, I'm curious to see your thoughts. Leave a comment below. Be nice to each other. Keep in mind, we're all in healthcare. We're all working together exactly. So, you know, why talk bad about someone else's career? So that's that. That's that. Follow me on Instagram and TikTok, follow Adriana on Instagram, try to get her to Tinkay. And we'll see you all on our next video. Bye.