So today is Tuesday and I am about to record another voiceover audition in my closet, but I thought I would start off this vlog. Last week I only got voiceover auditions. This month in general, it's been pretty slow with auditions, but voiceover auditions last week I got three, this week so far I've gotten one. Hopefully I can get more on-camera auditions. I've been using a few different websites to self-submit to, but I will dedicate another video to that because I've been using casted talent recently in another website. Oh my god, dramatic hit and but for now I need to go record this voiceover. Hey you guys, it's Thursday and I'm working on a few videos of casting networks right now, but I just got an email from Jonathan Novak, which was the director of the short I did the most recently, or most recently with the Academy of Art and he just sent me the link so I thought it'd be fun to watch it together. I know for this one my head might look a little bit funny, especially at the top because I was using a wide angle lens and I noticed that sometimes when my head got towards the top the wide angle lens is not on right now, but when I got towards the top my forehead would extend because of course it's a wide angle lens, so let's watch out. What's that noise coming from the basement? That guy. Who?  The killer. Am I supposed to be a ghost? Yep. How did you catch him? Do you expect me to do something? Remember what mom said?   We should kill him.  We're responsible for what we do. We? I'm not you. I am Q. I am me. I'm not selfish and cowardly. Like you Dr. Emma. I'm not the one going around being nice to the neighbor lady. Hi, how are you? You look great. And your dog? So adorable. Shiba Inu? I would love one too.  There's nothing you hate more than that dog.  Do you remember when I yanked that dog by the collar? Stop it.  Stop it. You enjoyed it when I did it. Okay, so that was pretty creepy. As you probably noticed, I was on a green screen. I vlogged it. You guys can watch that from a couple of weeks ago. But I was on a green screen. So in this time, the editing of editing me out of the green screen, I guess it was a little bit harder because you could see like my head, my hair was like flat and in certain parts when they keyed me out. It just didn't quite work, but it was pretty creepy. Some of the editing of course was imperfect because we were in different locations. The other actress was filming without a green screen and I was filming with the green screen so the color is different.  But yeah, that was pretty fun. Anyway, I'm going to give back to work on these videos with Casting Networks. If you haven't seen them and you're having trouble with Casting Networks with the new website, go watch them. Let me know if you have any questions. But bye-bye for now. Good morning guys. It is Friday today and it was a slow week. Oh my goodness. I still didn't get any self-tapes and it is partly my fault because I've just been a bit busy and not as productive and haven't been self-submitting. I've just been working on other things. But with the new Casting Networks website, I can now submit to so many more places. So I really want to work on that today and some Instagram stuff, but right now I am working on some agent submissions and the way I'm doing it is a little bit different and I will make sure to do a video on it. But basically it's a call contact. It could be a call email, whatever you decide. Most people do call the cold emails or they submit on the agent's website, the talent agency's website. But I'm trying to find something that I can provide. And it's really difficult to say that in such a short way. And that's one of the things my friend just told me that when you're contacting talent agents, you want to show them why you would benefit them because of course there's a million actors, a million Latinx actors, and what can I provide for them? So that's what I'm struggling with right now. Yeah, especially because I don't have, I have one TV credit and most of the things I've done are short films and theater and student films and I'm just having such a hard time doing it. But that's what I'm working on right now. I'm making this, this submission for the agents and my original goal was to submit all of these by April 1st, which I was really close and I was like, yes, I'm going to do it. I'm going to do it. And then I came up with a new idea and I was like, and now it's almost June and I still haven't sent them. So today my goal is to submit to at least two agencies how I'm doing it now. So they're pretty big agencies. So I really don't know if they'll even pay attention to me, but maybe. So I'm going to work on those for a second. Okay, I just filmed some videos for submissions to agents. I'm trying this thing with my emails. So I'll tell you guys, like I said, more about it later. If it works, it doesn't work. I want to test it out first before I tell you, hey, this is a good way to do it. Because the first time I got agents in San Francisco, I just submitted through their website. They asked me for a meeting in person. And then I got signed. It was really easy. I feel like that's really uncommon for it to be that easy because San Francisco is a small market. Now I'm trying to get representation in LA and trying to do a fun way or like do it in an innovative way. Well, do it in a more fun way and also the way that they ask me to. So if they want me to submit online through their website, that's what I'm doing. If they prefer emails, that's what I'm doing, but I'm testing it out for you guys.  I want them to watch it. Anyway, I just finished two because that was my goal. But that's pretty much it. Slow week, I am going to finish setting up my casting networks accounts. I have videos about that coming up and then I'm going to be self submitting like crazy, but I'm going to end this vlog here. Thank you so much for watching. Next Saturday I will do a recap of all of the submissions from May where I got them, which ones I booked and all of that. Have a good weekend and at the end of every video, I feature another channel. This is today's feature. If you would like to be featured on my next video, make sure you're subscribed, like this video and leave me a comment.


Sometimes they ask about the people that were doing the accusing. What was motivating them? Didn't they feel bad that people were dying as a result of what they were doing? One of my responses is that have you ever said something and that you knew it wasn't exactly right, but people seemed to respond in the way that you wanted and so you couldn't go back and say oh no no I that was an exaggeration I made that up you get in trouble or whatever and they all can relate to that and also I think this speaks to this question of maybe there was a lot of confusion going on and so maybe the accusers were just doing it out of malicious intent or they had a history of bad feelings about a particular family that they were doing that they were accusing the woman of but maybe something bad did happen to them that they really did think that this person caused it I mean people were talking all the time about this so-and-so walked by the house five years ago after that our cow died you know this this didn't seem preposterous to them this was witchcraft was a way of answering certain strange things that happened in their world so you know again very credible to actually think that yeah my cow died and probably was this person and we've had some bad dealing so all these things kind of add up you know they're really racking their brains to see you know what they did in their life and you know really kind of soul-searching and being good Puritans really because that's what you were supposed to do all the time is this constant soul-searching so like with anything that you study historically there really isn't one answer to any of these questions that you that can be raised about Salem and there's just little glimmers that we think well maybe maybe this is what was going on some people recanted they initially confessed and then and then took it back so here's a just a couple of sentence sentences from this person Margaret Jacobs she wrote to her father from Salem jail that she had confessed and here's just a couple words that I think are so significant she confessed by reason of quote the magistrates threatenings and my own vile and wretched heart so you know they have both things going on here she's she's pressured into confessing she feels pressure external pressure but she also feels this internal pressure that her own vile and wretched heart something about you know her past sins caused her to to confess and she says in a later statement she characterized her confession is completely false saying that she had quote been hurried out of my senses by the afflicted persons saying they knew me to be an old witch and if I would not confess I should very speedily be hanged which was the occasion with my own wicked heart of my saying what I did say this is one of the values of actually looking at the primary documents and and immersing yourself in that I mean I think it's more important to emphasize that rather than emphasize the narrative of what actually happened in fact when I when I teach this I barely even tell the students what happened how it ended and any of it I just say you know here's a Salem witchcraft trials I explain you know what I explained here let's look at this so they they don't even know really because most of them you know haven't done the reading until after till before the exam so they might not even know the outcome and we just plunge in to look at this and I think that helps because then they're not so focused on how it ended or how things could have gone differently I mean they could they can ask those questions by looking at this what if they hadn't pushed them then would that have you know what well someone will inevitably ask why didn't they just question them in private that would have avoided a lot of this this you know the shrieking in the actual courtroom that the whole courtroom drama and then I'll say well that's a really good idea asking in private is one of the one of the women who was accused did say to the magistrates look this is insanity what's going on here why don't we pursue this in private and sure enough that that suggestion in in combination with other things that contributed to the ending of the whole thing did help to you know tone everything down because when you don't have that and you're just one-on-one it's a very different dynamic but so anyway I sometimes it's better not to give students everything because also then they think that they there's no need to look at the primary sources so much if they already know the answers because they you know many of them just want the answers the test horse I don't want them to to focus so much on the answers I want them to see the process unfold because to me that's the exciting part of being a historian and I try to you know convey that to them that that's the exciting part let's see what these people were thinking to us it seems so out of our range of what's normal but this was normal for them so what's going on here let's you know focus on the primary sources


Hi, I'm Matthew Horky. Hi, I'm Shareen Tan. And together we're the team of exotic wine travel. Since 2015 we've been traveling around the world full-time sharing unique and exotic wine food and stories. We believe that wine can be enjoyed by anyone and if you're willing to try new wines it opens your mind to the world around you. We believe that discovering new wines should be fun in non-intimidating. Wine is all about discovery, flavors and connections with those that we love. Today we've produced over 500 YouTube videos, hundreds of articles and three wine guidebooks. Our work has been featured in major media publications such as DeKentel, Wine Folly, Forbes and The New York Times. We never accept sponsored wine reviews or advertorials. This is because we want our wine recommendations to be honest and reliable. Azotic wine travel is what we do full-time until now we've funded everything ourselves. All of our online content is free to consume. It's not hidden behind the paywall. More than anything, we want to keep sharing stories about what we think is the most delicious beverage in the world. We would love for you to be a part of the Azotic Wine Travel community. Check it out page, back at the level that you're comfortable with and please help us spread the word. Even if you can't afford to help us monetarily right now, sharing our work means a lot to us and the producers all around the world that work hard to deliver what's in your glass. Thank you for watching. Keep drinking adventurously. Expand your palate. Expand your mind. Cheers!


Hello everyone, welcome back to another session on Dental Streamer. So today we have extra fill-in processing session. So fill-in processing which refers to a series of steps that produce visible permanent image on Dental radiograph. So our ultimate intention is to create a visible permanent image, it should be visible and it should be permanent. And the basic purpose of processing is to convert latent image on the fill-in into a visible image. We will go into detail about the latent image in next slides. So the purpose is to create a permanent image from the invisible image and also to preserve the visible image so that it is permanent and does not disappear from the Dental radiograph. So what is a latent image? Okay, so this is the basic picture of X-ray radiation. We are taking a X-ray of these teeth from the X-ray tube. The photons are ejected and it passes through the tooth and it reaches here in the fill-in the chemical reaction happens and there is a latent image formation. So how does this latent image form? So we need to understand a dental fill-in or an X-ray fill-in. It has protective coating on either side with emulsion and adhesive subcoating. In between these layers we have a base. So this fill-in emulsion is made up of silver bromide crystals and silver iodide crystals which is precipitated in gelatin and laid on a thin sheet of transparent base. So these silver iodide and silver bromide are present on the emulsion. So this picture explains the structure of an X-ray fill-in and its finer details. So it is a three dimensional structure which has various ions and atoms within it such as iodide ion, bromide ion, bromine atom, silver ion, interstitial silver ion and sensitive site. So hope you can make out all these. This is iodide ion. This is bromide ion whereas this is interstitial silver ions and this is a sensitive site. So why it is important because if it is a perfectly arranged structure with perfectly balanced ions and atoms it will not create a latent image or invisible. Silver halide crystals are imperfect in various aspects because it has interstitial silver ions. These are the interstitial silver ions. These are free ions in the spaces between the crystalline lattice. So this I told you the film emulsion is made up of silver bromide crystals and silver iodide crystals which are precipitated in gelatin and which is laid on a thin sheet of transparent base. So this is a base. So emulsion has all these silver bromide crystals and silver iodide crystals. So silver iodide crystals, so this is a picture of the crystal, the details of crystal where the industrial silver ion is present between the crystalline lattice. So it has arranged in a symmetrical fashion but there is irregularities and physical distortion. Then only it will become a capturable x-ray otherwise it will be a perfect site which will not produce any x-ray or any latent image. So physical distortions are present in regular rectangular array of silver and bromide ion crystals due to the presence of iodine atom. So due to the presence of iodine atom and which is occupying at some of the bromide sites. And silver iodide crystals are chemically sensitized by the presence of sulfur compounds. So sulfur compounds will be present at some point which is known as the latent image sites which will ultimately give rise to the latent image and after that to produce a visible permanent image. So what are the functions of these latent image sites? So the function is to begin the process of image formation by dropping the electrons generated when the emulsion is irradiated. That will see step by step in next slides. So this is nothing but the details of an x-ray film and its minor details how the lattice is structured, how the ions and other atoms are dispersed and what is a sensitive site or latent image site which has sulfur impurities. So there should be always impurities and physical irregularities within the site then only it will capture and it will produce a latent image if it is a perfectly arranged atoms and ions there will not be any image production. So it should be photosensitive. So how it is become photosensitive by the help of these physical irregularities and physical distortion and presence of interstitial silver ions. Now let's see the basic process of x-ray. So when an x-ray tube produces a photon it goes to the x-ray film and it creates some chemical reactions. So what is happening when a photon is hitting an x-ray film particularly that silver halide crystals when x-ray hit that particular bromide ion it releases an electron. Okay so when photon hits a film on a minute level it hits the silver halide crystals and we can say precisely the bromide ions. So when it hits the bromide ions okay bromide ions it is not atom it is ions it releases an electron okay so it releases an electron. So what happens is these free electrons reach a sensitive site or latent image site and it impart the latent image site a negative charge. Before it was not charged it is neutral it has just sulfur impurities and it can capture electron but it is still a neutral site. So when this photon hits this bromide ion it releases electron it reaches a sensitive site and it imparts a negative charge. So now it is negative so it will search for a positive ion. So what happens the free interstitial silver ions that is ag plus it get attracted to this sensitive site. Okay so this is a interstitial silver ion which is ag plus okay. So the silver ions acquire an electron and becomes silver atom at this site. Okay that is the process happening bromide release electron it goes to sensitive site it becomes negative it will attract ag plus ion and it become silver atoms. So these silver atoms constitute the latent image. So this is the latent image. Now it is the image is produced but it is not in a visible state it is invisible but the image is produced the chemical reaction is happened. Now we need to make the latent image to a visible or permanent image. So that process has basically five steps. The first one is developing then rinsing fixing washing and drying. So developing as film is placed in a developer solution for a specific amount of time at specific temperature. So this developer it can distinguish between the exposed and unexposed silver halide crystals. See not all the silver halide crystals are sensitized. Okay some are non-sensitized because some are not able to capture the electrons. Only few or some of the silver halide crystals which are sensitized and it acquired ag plus ions and it become silver atoms not all the sides. So some are exposed some are not exposed. So this developer can distinguish which are exposed and which are not exposed. So it initiates a chemical reaction which reduces exposed only exposed which reduces the exposed silver halide crystals into metallic silver okay. So that metallic silver shows as a dark or black areas on the dental radiograph. At the same time the unexposed silver halide remains unaffected. Okay so unaffected means it is not getting exposed it is not changing to not exposed it is not changing to black or dark areas because these are unexposed silver halides. Now after developing we go to the rinsing process film is rinsed in water for 30 seconds to remove all the developing solution by a continuous and gentle agitation which dilutes the developer present in the emulsion which slows the developing process and it removes alkali activator preventing neutralization of acid fixer because the developer is basically alkaline and next we are putting into acidic solution that is acidic fixer. So if we don't clean up this solution this will get neutralized that the acid fixer will get neutralized. So to avoid that we are rinsing it with water after that we put it in fixer solution what is fixer doing it removes the unexposed silver halide crystals if it is not removed we will not be able to differentiate which are exposed which are not exposed because the exposed are now become dark okay. Now we need to visualize it and we need to differentiate it we need to see the structures in the x-ray. So in order to get that differentiation we need to remove the unexposed silver halide crystals so that is what fixing doing okay. So it removes the unexposed and shows the differentiation of that structures. So these silver halide crystals create when we are removing unexposed silver halide crystals it create a white or clear areas so that we can differentiate the black or dark areas which was developed or which was exposed to silver halide crystals. In addition to that it also helps in hardening and shrinkage of film emulsion. Then again we wash the film in running water to remove any remaining traces of chemical solution and washing efficiency declined rapidly when water temperature falls below 60 degree. So warm water softens emulsion on film will be easily damaged so any silver or tassel fate which remains because of improper rinsing will result in discoloration and staining of the film okay. After that we put it for drying and mounting for viewing so that is a process so we have this many process developing rinsing fixing washing and drying. Now let's say one by one the developer solution has four basic ingredients developing agent preservative activator and restrainer. The developing agent or reducing agent is pinnidon which is one phenyl three pyros already and hydroquinone which is para hydroxybenzene. So the basic function is to provide electrons to the exposed silver halide crystal and reduces silver ions to solid grains of metallic silver. So the silver halide crystals which has sensitive sites which equate the ag plus ions and becomes and becomes the ag atom okay. Those silver halide crystals will be reduced and to make it to metallic silver. So this metallic silver will be shown as dark or black areas okay. So pinnidon which serves as a first electron donor this electron transfer which generates oxidized form of pinnidon whereas a hydroquinone which provides electron to reduce the oxidized pinnidon to its original active state so that it can continue to reduce the silver halide crystal. So this is the first electron donor pinnidon whereas a hydroquinone provides electron to reduce the oxidized pinnidon okay and hydroquinone which also produces high contrast in the radiograph. And the second component of developer is activator. So the developer is active only at alkaline pH which is around 10 to 11. So this alkaline compounds are sodium or potassium hydroxide and we have a sodium bicarbonate buffer to maintain the state because gelatin to swell so that the developing agents can diffuse more rapidly into the emulsion. Next we have preservative. So the developing agent contains an antioxidant of preservative which is sodium sulfide which inhibits the tendency of the developing agent to combine with the oxygen dissolved in the water or in the air and preserve the solution in usable condition for several weeks. So oxidation of the developing agents forms colored substances which will stain the film and add to the film fork. And restrainer usually bromide usually like compounds such as potassium bromide and benzo triazole are added to restrain the development of unexposed silver halide crystals. So they depress the reduction of both exposed and unexposed crystals but more effective in depressing the reduction of unexposed crystals. So it acts as an anti-fog agent and increase the contrast because it is not exposing the unexposed crystals and distilled water is a solvent or vehicle. So developer replenisher during the film processing finidone and hydroquinone is consumed and bromide ions and other byproducts are released into solution. So developer also become inactivated by exposure to oxygen season solution. Okay so we need to replenish this daily eight ounce of fresh developer per gallon of developing solution for development of an average 30 IOPA and 5 OPG per day. So it can last up to three to four weeks. Now we move on to the fixing solution. So fixing the purpose is to dissolve and remove the underdeveloped silver halide crystals from the emulsion and also to harden and shrink the film emulsion. So it is removing the unexposed silver halide crystals or underdeveloped silver halide crystals because in developing solution we know that in restrainer depress both the exposed and unexposed but more effective in repressing the unexposed crystals. So these unexposed crystals will be removed and creating a white area. So the compounds are solution consists of clearing agent that is fixing agent acidifier, preservative and hardener and it should be replenished daily at rate of eight ounces per gallon. So clearing or fixing agent is ammonium thiosulfite which chemically reacts with the underdeveloped or undeveloped silver bromide and converts it into a stable water soluble complex which are we washed out of the film. So it will remove the undeveloped silver bromide and it is converting to a stable water soluble complex which will be removed from the film. So preservative is ammonium sulfite which prevents the oxidation of thiosulfite clearing agent. Acidifier is acetic acid buffer system with a range of 4 to 4.5 which keeps a fixed pH constant which promotes good diffusion of thiosulfate into the emulsion and of silver thiosulfate complex out of the emulsion and also it inactivates any carrier of a developing agent in the film emulsion blocking the continued development of any unexposed crystals while the film is fixing tank. Film is in the fixing tank and hardener is like hardening agent most often used are aluminum sulfate or aluminum chloride. So these aluminum complexes with gelatin by chelating process and also it prevents damage to the gelatin during subsequent handling which reduces swelling of the emulsion during final wash this lessens the mechanical damage to the emulsion and limits the water absorption. Solvent is water. So there are various methods of processing the manual method like time from time temperature method, visual method, rapid processing method and also we have automatic monobot method, daylight method and self-developing films okay. So these are the various methods. So the first method is time temperature method. This method is best for processing of radiographs keeping all exposure parameters standards that is kilovolt milliampere exposure time all keeping standard and based on the temperature of the processing solution and instruction of the manufacturer processing has to be set. So these are the time duration, rinsing time and time in fixer and washing time at different temperature. The next method is visual method. This manual method consists of placing the filament developing solution and viewing them. This is what we commonly use and viewing them from time to time in safe light this degree of developing is at the operator discretion. So we are deciding how much it is developed whether it is properly developed or not. So advantages film can be developed to the contrast and details desired with the for the particular subject. But the disadvantages each film has to be processed individually and is very time consuming. Rapid processing chemicals in recent times manufacturers they produce rapid processing solution that develops a film in 15 seconds and fix them in 15 seconds at room temperature. So second method is automatic method. This method uses equipments that automates all the process. There are like two types automatic dunking models which produces a washed film that still has to be dried and miniature roller type that produces a dry film. So we put the film here it goes to developing solution and then it goes to fixing solution and washing and drying and coming out. Okay. So advantage is less processing time usually four to seven minutes less flow space is required and no wet films to be handled no film hangers no film dryers density and uniformity. Disadvantage is quality is not as high as manually developed ones high cost of equipment and maintenance. So regarding the dark room so dark room is the area where this X-ray film process is happening. So primary function of dark room is to produce a completely darkened environment in which X-ray film can be handled and processed to produce a diagnostic radiograph. Requirements it should be a convenient location size and adequate illumination ample working space temperature and humidity control. So ideally dark room should be located near the area where X-ray units are installed. Size of the dark room will vary depending upon the volume of radiographs processed and number of persons using this room and type of processing equipments usually three by three feet for individual endist and 16 to 20 square feet for a group practice. So it should be clean and dry working area working area should be at least three feet away from the processing tanks dark room should be well ventilated use of air conditioner is recommended room temperature is 70 degree Fahrenheit and humidity level 52 70 percentage. So room must be a light light or light proof no leaks should have both white light and safe light. Now white light illumination is required during preparation of solution and cleaning tanks. Safe light should be of low intensity with a relatively low wavelength of 600 nanometer and above in the orange region of the spectrum which does not rapidly affect the open feeling but permit one to see enough of the working area. So intensity of illumination the bulb should be seven half to 15 watts distance of safe light above the working area should be at four feet from the film or the working area. The time of exposure should be limited to about five minutes because the film emulsion shows some sensitivity to safe light with prolonged exposure so within five minutes all the work should be done. So processing tank essential piece of equipment for manual processing. So this is a processing tank which is divided into compartments to hold the developer solution the water bath and fixed solution. So processing tank has two insert tank and one master tank. Okay so this is a developing solution which will be replenished frequently and will be kept here and this is a fixer tank which will be kept here after frequent replenishment and there will be water bath. Okay so there will be a cover and outflow pipe. So that's all about processing of extra film. So we were discussing in detail about the latent image formation how the latent image is formed which is an invisible one and how it is processed and details about the developer and fixed solution and the various components of the developer and fixed solution. Okay so the developer has all these four developing agent preservatives activator and restrainer whereas the fixing solution also has clearing agent or fixing agent as a different preservative and compartment. Okay so that's all about processing and latent image formation. So I'll come up with a new topic in the industry more. Thank you.


A van loaded with 30 people, many of them believed to be illegal immigrants, crashed in southern Texas on Wednesday, killing 10 occupants and critically injuring many of the others. The van veered off highway 281 in Encino, Texas, about 50 miles or 80 kilometers north of McAllen, and struck a metro utility pole about 4 p.m. local time. The driver and nine passengers were killed on impact. The remaining 20 passengers were taken to local hospitals, where some of them were listed in critical condition.


Welcome to you and to everyone here today. Dr Cook is the State Secretary for Financial Market Policy and European Policy at the German Federal Ministry of Finance. We've had the four W's here in Ireland in recent days. Today the minister's speech has four T's, timely, targeted, temporary and transformational. The German Strategy for Recovery in the EU, the title of his talk today. At a time when Germany holds the EU Council presidency, his remarks will be particularly interesting as we face into an autumn of great uncertainty. A brief note on York's background. He has held his current role since 2018. Prior to his appointment as State Secretary, he had a distinguished career in the private sector working with Goldman Sachs in a variety of senior roles. He holds a PhD in Finance from the University of Chicago and a Masters in Public Administration for the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and a Masters in Economics from the Pantheon Sorbonne University in Paris. Both his initial address and the Q&A session will be on the record. You can submit your questions in comments via the Q&A function on Zoom, which you'll see at the bottom of your screen. And we would ask you to identify both yourself and your affiliation in the written question. That would be most helpful. And also please feel free to tweet to your heart's content at the handle hashtag IIEA. And with that, could I hand over to Dr. Cookies? Yes, hello, and apologies that this doesn't work better and that I have to do this on phone instead of video, but I think we're trying in parallel to join by Zoom. Maybe during the presentation I'll be able to get in. Anyways, I think we got off to a quite quick start in the presidency and are trying to extend that quick start. We obviously in July had a big moment with the Recovery Fund and we've worked quite intensively over the summer to implement the Recovery Fund and the own resources decision, the MSF, and to make sure that with all of these instruments we participate in the recovery of the European Union and make sure that Europe embarks on a recovery path. We've had very constructive discussions and are on a good path, I would say, to discussing with the Member States, the European Parliament, the Commission, and everyone involved a path that will allow us to basically implement the summit conclusions of the 750 billion facility into practical legislative work over the course of the next month, so that hopefully early in the year the first funds will start flowing and in that sense I think that would be very positive and a good signal to markets and to the European community. That is something that we're trying to work on at the moment. I just joined by video. Is that in my visible now on video? Yes, you are. Okay, so in essence the first priority obviously for the next few months during our presidency will be to implement the RFD-owned resources decision, the MSF and all of the legislative work that is connected to it. Apart from that we have three big pillars of priority pertaining to capital markets union, banking union, and the digital union. Under the capital markets union, I think we've seen some very good progress. We got a report from the next EU group last year which was commissioned by the Finance Ministers of Germany, France, and the Netherlands. We just received the high level forum report with 120 pages of very insightful ideas, very practical ideas that go into a lot of detail how to improve the European capital markets in terms of financial reporting, market making, issuance of equity, deepening markets for European securities, and going into a lot of these areas that are important for the functioning of our markets and of course a lot into custody and settlement, post trade. So in essence it's really a very good and well-balanced package. We see the ideas and the process on a deepening of the anti-money laundering rule as also extremely important both for capital markets and banking union. And we are strongly in favor of moving from a directive to a uniform regulation on AML because we have seen in many cases that the lack of uniformity and application of AML rules is quite negative and has the adverse impact on the stringency with which we can impose AML rules. We are also in favor and will continue to work on setting up a supervisory authority on AML that will work across the EU. So I think that's also an important aspect. And a further important project both for CMU and banking union is of course sustainable finance. I think it's a hugely important and since the last few months we've been becoming much more of a mainstream topic of sustainable finance and ESG. So we will continue to work on the taxonomy to make sure that Europe is the world leader in presenting a framework for green and sustainable investing. I think that can be a very big competitive advantage that Europe can have. So in that sense we're very optimistic that both the CMU directly and a lot of the projects that will indirectly strengthen CMU will make progress in the next few months under our presidency. And on banking union, the echo pin had a very good discussion and the Europe group had a very good discussion apologies on Friday in Berlin and we are keen to revive the debate that has solved a little bit over the last few months due to the priority focus on COVID recovery and resilience measures. We are picking up the discussion we've already started our working groups under the presidency in the echo pin framework. So in that sense we are moving ahead on all pillars namely deeper integration, mobility of capital and liquidity, risk reduction, integration in terms of thinking about how deposit insurance can support the framework and as I said continued risk reduction both in terms of reducing the bank sovereign nexus and continuing to work on reducing non-performing loans. So those are very important projects and we're looking to move ahead as the Europe group president from Ireland has said he's also working on under his Europe group presidency on getting the ESM reform moving including the implementation of the backstop to the single resolution fund that would obviously also be a project that would massively help the banking union and we are working very closely between the Europe group and echo pin presidency to move that ahead. Then a very important point for us as the third pillar is the digital union. We have four big legislative acts coming up from the commission ranging from stable coins and cryptocurrencies to service provision in the digital finance space to the question of how innovative payment providers are treated. We think all of these elements to make Europe and the EU a single market for digital finance for FinTech is also something that is hugely important in promoting the innovative power which is also which is always a question of getting scale quickly and I think the Europe simply can't afford to be a fragmented market of 27 individual member states for digital finance business model whereas competitors that are starting up in the US or China or other regions immediately have access to a much much bigger much more uniform consumer market. So in essence I think Europe has a lot of homework to do if we want to compete in the digital space we're quite innovative in a lot of areas for example Europe has an excellent instant payment system through the European Central Bank which is why we also support the ECB's initiative on the European Payments Initiative and we'll also work with them to see which kind of legislative support that needs in that sense we've already been in discussions with the commission on that so I think that's my attempt at a whirlwind tour of the presidency in 15 minutes and I hope I've given a reasonable overview but happy to go into much more detail on the individual topics upon request. Thank you and it certainly was a whirlwind in fact it was such a whirlwind by missed out on the points. On the digital package you mentioned in the digital union issue you mentioned four aspects related to cryptocurrencies digital finance payments providers and the final one. Well I mean the topics are quite broad and we have a few legislative proposals coming up gradually so it's not clear yet whether all four of them will actually make it during our presidency but to go into more detail the first one will be the legislative proposal on cross-sectional financial services operational and cyber resilience so that will deal a lot with operational questions with registration requirements penetration testing requirements for cloud service providers and everything that has to do with cyber resiliency especially with more of the operational aspects of setting up like a European cloud provider what are the access rules the second rule set will be on crypto assets and stable points, I think that one is pretty clear what's the European answer to Libra the third pillar will be the digital finance strategy which will be a further evolution of the fintech action plan which was published in March 2018 and the last fourth pillar is the retail payment strategy which will deal more with these innovative payments providers so we are expecting legislative or thematic proposal by the commission within our presidency and we'll work hard on advancing that then through the member states maybe on the digital I could start off with one that's a little controversial I suppose the Irish position and German position will be different on digital taxation the taxing of the large online companies the union address this morning the president global agreement was not reached by the end of the next year that he believes Europe should move ahead on that given the differences of views amongst the member states how do you see that issue on digital taxation progressing well I think the discussion and echo fit on Saturday and I would say definitely showed a very strong shared view that we will try together to get a global agreement within the framework of the OECD negotiations on minimum taxation on digital taxation and all of these items but there was also a broad agreement that if that fails then we don't have a choice but to think about European that sense I do hope that we can come to terms and find an agreement there of course it will be a difficult discussion no question but I am optimistic that what we agreed on namely first let's make an attempt at the global level if that fails we'll do something at the European level could be a consensus item then depending on how the global discussion goes towards the end of the year thank you so you're welcome to as to the audience please put in your questions via the Q&A function there just going back to going in reverse order through some of your remarks looking at the banking union piece six months into the COVID crash how would your evaluation of the strength of the European banking system how would you evaluate it well I mean so far we've had a very good resilience of the banking system we think that the reaction to the last financial crisis has shown to be quite good because the build up of capital and the resilience of capital the constant stress testing of balance sheets has led to a much more resilient banking system and I think the main reasons why we are in a much much better shape than we could be is that across the eurozone what usually happens in a recession as deep as the one we're witnessing right now is a massive credit crunch I mean there's a classic the classic causality chain of RWAs increasing because of liquidity lines being drawn defaults increasing leading to reduction in capital downgrades, rating migration adversely leading to increased capital requirements and that then in the second round leading to restriction on new lending and all of that has that causality chain at least in the last consequence has not happened right I mean credit across the eurozone is actually expanding and that of course has a lot to do with the European response that in the vast majority of member states guarantee schemes were launched to assure the continued flow of credit to the real economy so both the increase in capital the response of European supervisors by in single individual cases relieving some of the capital buffers that we built for example counter cyclical buffers also gave some flexibility and then at least the policy response also gave confidence the banks to continue lending so I think that has really worked quite well and has made us resilient of course we're not home free I mean quite a lot of the measures that were taken in the member states have delayed the moment of truth in terms of corporate insolvencies so in that sense we will only know let's say this time next year whether we really withstood the test so I think it's definitely too early to give any sort of all faith all clear signal a general observation from here and I wonder if it's similar in Germany many people in the insolvencies have been surprised how slowly things have moved clearly there are many businesses at any time there are businesses that go out of business it's just a normal process of a market economy but there seems to have been not the upsurging insolvencies that one might have expected with such a big economic contraction are we to some extent in an artificial phase at the moment where we're looking at a wave of corporate insolvencies and more MPLs as real effects of the loss of wealth generation that happened take effect well I mean first of all I think it was a very rational response by governments to respond because in a way the nature of this crisis is so brutal both on the demand of the supply side especially in the sectors most involved that there was a new and novel policy response was required and the suspension of insolvency regimes in some member states I mean Germany did that very very quickly and very early on was simply a requirement because otherwise a insolvency regime that is built for a normal sort of normal recession that we all know how it works and that doesn't lead to this immediate stop of demand for some sectors simply wouldn't have worked so in that sense I think it would have been as artificial to leave the standard rules and regulations as now it's somewhat artificial of course to have the continuation of the insolvency regime suspensions and what we're doing is gradual reintroduction and I think that's absolutely the right way of doing it that we gradually reintroduce the normal rules but we tend to err on the side of caution to be more with reintroducing the rules because as we've seen second waves do happen leading again to demand contractions supply contractions and restrictions so I think it's very economical to also leave these rules operational for a bit longer and could I just pick up on that state under state aids issue the suspension of state aids be it for the financial sector or more widely I know that's outside your immediate brief but do you see the experience we've had in the COVID pandemic of the suspension of state aids changing European attitudes towards competition I think it's been noted that for example Germany has shifted closer to the French position on creating European champions and ensuring that European competition policy does not hinder the creation of European companies that are big enough to challenge American and Chinese companies to change the way that European companies are changing the way that they are managing their talk so in short is the state aids framework going to be permanently changed by what we've experienced no I think we have to differentiate I mean there's on the one side a very legitimate industrial policy debate which has been ongoing before we have to be in terms of industrial policy to make sure that we are competitive that we make sure that we leverage the strength of the European market and that we remain a strong global economy as Europe so I think that's a very legitimate and a discussion that continues but that has been ongoing much longer than the current crisis the other aspect which I think is legitimate is the question of adaption of the competition rules and the state aid rule to the current environment and I think we've all been very grateful to the European Commission A for responding massively massively quickly and efficiently to come up with the temporary framework and we've had endless and hour long discussions with the commission on that that has been extremely constructive we got our first approval for help for affected corporates in March so the commission made sure that money can flow extremely quickly they've worked 24-7 since March essentially you don't want to know to which times of night over Easter for example we negotiated a free file in parallel with the commission and got all of them through on time for the money to flow on a huge number of areas from credit insurance to individual corporates to sector who in essence only have good things to say about the work of the commission on this topic they've been extremely efficient and pragmatic just a further follow up if I may on that there have been concerns in smaller member states and member states that don't have as much fiscal capacity as perhaps Germany does that the capacity to help firms subsidized firms through the worst of this crisis will lead to an unlevel playing field across the single market and that those peripheral countries that as I say don't have that fiscal wherewithal will be further hindered do you see that's a risk for the single market no that's precisely as you know everything happens during the wee hours of the night in Europe and we literally spent three days on the 7th 8th and 9th of April negotiating a package that ended up being a 540 billion package of which 200 billion goes to the European investment bank for a guarantee program to provide state guarantees or EIB triple A guarantees to SME lending SME investing in part larger corporate investing across the European Union in particular benefiting or intended to benefit those member states that don't have large promotional bank systems or the fiscal capacity so I think that head on because I think the concern that you have is spot on absolutely the worst thing that can happen is an asymmetric response we saw that after the financial crisis but I do think we've avoided that because already in April we negotiated a big big package and the EIB is now fully operational for these programs so in that sense we've really done what we can and of course the fiscal response which was at the national level very uniform but now at the European level also very uniform and big also gives credit and confidence to Marcus that there will be a much more symmetric response and of course the ECB's action has stabilized that and has helped that along also very well On loan guarantees Germany has been very strong on loan guarantees for companies do you have concerns about that we in Ireland have bad experience on loan guarantees during the financial crisis in 2008 significant guarantees were given to financial institutions and many people feel that was a bad mistake do you have concerns about loan guarantees for private businesses I mean of course in the construction of our program we paid a huge amount of attention to potential issues that we learned were done poorly during the financial crisis and as in Ireland also in Germany the taxpayers paid a huge huge bill for the bailing out of the banking system we deliberately constructed our loan programs to be completely different and I think the first huge difference of course is the financial crisis programs went mainly to a very small concentrated number of banks our lending program in Germany for example goes to 82,000 corporates so that's the number of corporates that we've addressed so far so yes of course we have risk and if like the current recession lasts for years and years then of course this credit risk that the government is taking lending to 82,000 corporates will materialize and will lose money but on the other side we structured the transactions in a way that if we go back to normal in a reasonable time frame the state can actually recover those credit losses that it will inevitably suffer because some of the 82,000 will go into insolvency of course just statistically through the interest participation from those who are able to repay so we have paid a huge amount of attention to learning from what went wrong and I do hope that the bill that the taxpayer pays will be much much smaller than much much smaller than what was in the financial crisis it won't be zero I'm not naive I think the reason why the government went in is because there wasn't a private market lending at market terms so in that sense I think it's very normal that this is not a for-profit operation but the economic benefits of these programs I think is much much larger than the fiscal cost will end up being Okay good, final one of the banking union, deposit insurance common deposit insurance for the eurozone where are we on that? I think it's part of the package and I think in isolation deposit insurance leads to nothing if we only did deposit insurance and nothing else then we wouldn't be a much better banking union than we already have because we also need integration steps in particular if we remain as fragmented and segmented in terms of capital and liquidity between member states then just introducing a deposit insurance will have absolutely no or absolutely minuscule effect relative to the relative to the efforts required so in that sense I think if and only if we agree on a big package and a very ambitious package that should include steps toward deposit insurance as a safeguard for those member states who host big banking corporates I think that's a very plausible request absolutely understood and that's the decision of the German finance ministry by the way not yet common agreement within the government I have to say that as a disclaimer but we do think in the finance ministry and have written a paper in November 19 that deposit insurance can be a useful component if the other aspects namely risk reduction and further integration steps on the capital and liquidity movement are also taken then it can be a very plausible step in the right direction good let's shift over to capital markets union you mentioned that Europe has an opportunity to become a world leader in green sustainable investment my colleague Luca Callahan White notes today that Germany will issue or has issued a 12 billion sovereign agreement but he asks this question any analysts have commented that one of the most significant challenges facing the green bond market is that of greenwashing or conveying a false impression about environmental credentials are there ways to prevent that is that a concern that you and your ministry have yeah I mean I think it's the prime concern for the green bond market because it's a young and pastly growing market so in that sense as always with things like that if investors have the impression that what's written on the bond is not what's inside the bonds and that there is sort of a lack of transparency then the market will lose credibility so in that sense when we did our green bond issuance we paid very very careful attention that all aspects of the green bond standards are fulfilled we're very careful to implement all aspects of the green bond standards and I think that's very important of course one of the big debates in the sovereign green bond market is always the big question of what green expenditures are you financing and due to the fact that parliament's control of expenditure expenditures I don't think anyone can come up with a smarter idea than the idea to benchmark the when you're doing a 2020 green bond the volume that you're refinancing to the 29 actual expenditures because in terms of if you're issuing a green bond in February 2020 you don't have a clear number yet on how much you're actually going to spend on green and obviously I have no idea what the parliament is going to approve you in green expenditures for 2021 so in that sense the fact that Iqma agreed that the 20 that sort of the back one year backward looking even allows a bit longer but we took as our benchmark one year backward looking that is a very reasonable idea it allows you to be very clear in what you're financing and allows full transparency and given the functionality of travel of green expenditures at the moment with clear expansion the fact that we had 12 billion of eligible expenditures for 11 billion of expected issuance also shows you that investors can have confidence that we're actually spending the money on green that we're raising in the green bond markets Interesting, very interesting you ANL anti-money laundering was something you mentioned quite a bit in the discussion of the ANU your preference for the ministry you mentioned to move towards E-regulation rather than directive because of uneven application has that become more serious that issue around uneven application divergence of the effect of directives across the member states I don't think it's become particularly more more concerning than it always has but we've just seen another series of of weakest link debates I'll give you a good example during the last round of MLD implementation member states are allowed to impose identification requirements for buying gold and they can choose what from which amount they start requiring these identification and of course if you know like country A which neighbors country B and Schengen requires identification starting from 2000 euros and next door neighbor country B only requires identification from 10,000 then guess what the money launder is going to do so it makes no sense on a rule like that in a Schengen room where everyone can move from between countries with no controls to have different caps or different amounts starting from which you have to identify yourself when you're buying physical gold simply makes no sense because you're inviting arbitrage if you have it differently it's the weakest link so in that sense and there's dozens of these examples I'm just picking that one because it's so illustrative of the problem of the directive versus regulation debate okay good good that's very clear let's move from the micro to the macro Mark Dempsey who's a former EU policy advisor at the British financial regulator asks can you speak a little about governance of member state spending of the recovery funds and he notes in particular an article in the Italian media that noted some of the money was being allocated to the purchase of fighter jets is there you know is there a concern that the recovery fund may go to more let's say spending items that might be controversial in other member states I know this was a particular concern of the Dutch and three other countries around the time of the discussion do you have thoughts on that question yeah no I mean the governance is very very clear on that right I mean the process is very clear at the summit conclusions level and is being now implemented into actual detailed legislation and the rules are very clear I mean the recovery and resilience fund expenditures have to meet criteria that will be governed by the commission reviewing them the European finance committee reviewing them a so-called cometology process of the member states reviewing them there's even an emergency break that will allow a single country to ask for review at the head of state level and so there are so many emergency breaks and mechanisms involved that will assure that the goal of spending these according to national plans that meet the European semester country specific recommendation framework that we are very optimistic that this money will be spent in growth enhancing ways and there will always be individual cases of someone finding some program you know but I think for really the bulk of the expenditure it's going to go exactly where it needs to go namely growth enhancing measures my colleague Andrew Gilmour asks how should we interpret the recent softening of the German stance on debt mutualization is it simply a one-off crisis-driven or is it indicative of a broader shift in German EU policy in other words is transfer union on the agenda well first of all this is not transfer union right I think that's the it's very clear we are not talking about joint and several debts in the 750 billion program and I think that's that is very important it's common debt but it's peri-pasu debt right and that is a huge huge and politically very important difference that that was also agreed on in unanimity so I think that that clearly shows you that this is not a complete reversal of the German position and so in that sense I think that's that's also a very very good good path towards achieving consensus in German parliament and making sure that this passes and in other parliaments of course as well so I think there is no no shift in view here what concerns the question of the the program in and of itself and the novelty of it of course it's novel yes but it's novel for a good reason right I mean we've never faced such a deep recession in Europe even after the financial crisis we didn't and also I think we have to learn lessons from the response to the financial crisis the response to the financial crisis was massive the financial expansion in those countries that have fiscal space and fiscal contraction in part even austerity programs in those that didn't which led to asymmetry number one asymmetry number two was then guided by the fact that the severity of the credit cycle was worse in some countries than others and again in a very unfavorable asymmetric way and see the European Union didn't have a very substantial common fiscal response either and left all the hard work to the ECB which led to a huge number of problems that go back to the core root of the issue in Europe that we have a monetary union but not a fiscal union so in that sense if you think about the analysis of mistakes that we made after the financial crisis I think it's only plausible that we agreed to a very strong and as symmetric as we can get fiscal response for the EU after this crisis with regards in your the title of your presentation is timely targeted temporary and transformational timely and transformational you mentioned that the funds would begin to flow at the beginning of next year and over a period of time is that fast enough first question and secondly will it be transformational and I note that the European Central Bank has already purchased more than 750 billion in asset purchases under its pandemic program so in that context is the recovery fund big enough to be transformational well I mean 750 billion is a lot of money so I would say it's hopefully big enough no but seriously I do think if you compare to the size of GDP across the EU of course it is a very substantial amount and if you're also adding it to all of the fiscal measures that have been taken at national level I think it shows you very clearly that the overall fiscal response of the European Union is quite massive does the money flow quickly enough it never does after the recession but I do think the fact that the member states saw very early on in the process namely beginning of April that there will be a common European response they also were able in their national responses to the crisis to act much more decisively because they knew that in the worst case Europe would be there for them and the fact that then in July we had another commitment to a strong response with the ability to some of the fiscal measures taken now also means that even if the money doesn't flow explicitly next year implicitly in terms of relieving financing conditions you can see that it already has a front-loading effect and if you see how European sovereign spreads have evolved you know A from the ECB response on the 18th of March until the 21st of July with a big contraction and then further contraction since the agreement on a fiscal package in July you can really see that this effect of front-loading and confidence from markets to sovereigns which allow the sovereigns even though European money flows yet to effectively already utilize some of the benefits from the agreement shows that it's definitely had a huge effective relief for the European Union just following up on that in terms of the use of the European Central Bank's balance sheet there's clearly been a massive and a sudden expansion of the balance sheet and that has been as you say very important for calming sovereign bond markets and credit markets as well are there risks with this strategy and how concerned are you in Germany with the use of asset purchases on such a scale by the central bank I will not answer that question because it is a very long and firm tradition of German government policy not to comment on the completely independent monetary policy of the European Central Bank that is absolutely fine fully understood we have one, I'm just going to finish on a general question about how you see the recovery evolving but we've won quite detail on cryptocurrencies an area that I know nothing about to be very honest with you the question is do you have any thoughts on the European Commission's draft proposal on the regulation of crypto assets and its possible implications for European monetary policy now that is a tough question yeah and unfortunately I can't answer it not because I can't answer it in terms of content but because the proposal for some unknown reason leaked and it is not official I could tell you something if it were official but given that it's not official I do want to at this stage not make any comments but as the commission has announced it will make public pronouncements on this topic soon so in that sense that will be the point in time then to start a discussion however it is a very good and established tradition in the European Union that the presidency stays quite neutral on these things during its presidency and again fully understood so let's conclude on the but one thing I mean maybe as a very important because we have made some pronouncements I mean one of the things that we have to take into account and that we will take into account is the issue of European sovereignty we can't allow stablecoin or crypto providers to enter into European consumer markets in a non-regulated way from third countries without respecting the denomination in Euro without granting secure access to collateral if a product is marketed as a stablecoin it needs to have a stablecoin inside including full recourse by consumers to collateral and things like that okay thank you for that and just in the final minutes maybe just get your perspective on the shape of the recovery in Germany as you see it from Berlin and indeed for the wider European economy clearly there has been an asymmetric effect of the pandemic economically as well as from a health perspective across the EU so any thoughts you might have on how you feel the recovery is moving in Germany when for example output might return to pre-pandemic levels and any thoughts on the asymmetric nature of the economic shock yeah I mean okay let's go from the V from the top of the V to the bottom and that has been painful of course but the good news is it's been much much less painful than we feared in March it's been less painful than we feared in April so in that sense we've been constantly revising the predictions that we had sort of close to double digit negative at the beginning currently we're at sort of a government projection of minus five eight for the year so in that sense we've seen much more much less adverse impact on the downslope of the V the counterfactual to that is that also on the upslope of the V it's not been a pretty V at all I mean my six year old is learning to write at the moment and it looks a little bit like a sort of scribbled V which is somewhere you know like the upslope is definitely not as steep as the downslope and I think that corresponds to the experience in many member states that very likely the increase in GDP in 21 will not fully compensate the downturn in 20 for Germany we're expecting to be back to pre-crisis level in Q1 22 so we're expecting after minus five eight this year plus four four ish next year and then to sort of in the first or maybe second quarter of next year then to be flat again so in that sense for the Eurozone I think that takes a bit longer but you know somewhere 22 we will have recovered so it'll roughly take let's call it 18 months to recover the loss from the current 12 month period so in that sense yes it is asymmetric but on the other side it's not horrible asymmetric so that we think with the fiscal response we may actually see an improvement to that if we achieve the 750 billion funds flowing quicker maybe we recover quicker and on that optimistic note we've come to the end of our hour long slot State Secretary thank you so much for joining us I think as you said it really was a whirlwind you covered an enormous amount of ground very clearly very good information I'm sure our members got took much from your talk today so thank you for joining us and we look forward perhaps to welcome you in person in maybe in 2022 when we've all fully recovered many thanks thank you


Hockey Day Minnesota is bringing thousands to the city of Bemidji. Dozens of local businesses downtown are getting ready for the crowds with special events, deals and services throughout the weekend. Our own Cheryl Moore tells us more about Hockey Day downtown. The main stage for Hockey Day may be at the Sanford Center, but downtown Bemidji is another great place to be. For exclusive Hockey Day weekend fun. There will be shuttles bringing you downtown and just lots of downtown activities like at Bemidji Brew. I think they're going to be showing different types of hockey movies and there will be hockey games going on inside the bars and restaurants. From food to retail and even art. Special Hockey Day weekend only events are happening all over the area. At the Watermark Arts Center for example, kids can paint their own hockey stick. They can paint it and decorate it however they want. They could put their name on it, they could put their favorite team on it or just maybe a favorite word of inspiration or just decorate with patterns. It's totally up to them. Many of the bars will be showing the hockey games, but they'll be combining the games with other activities. We're getting a projector to have the games playing all weekend long. Friday and Saturday there at least. And Thursday night we are doing a what you call puck drop party. It's kind of like a cake off party but it's hockey. So that we'll have karaoke, drink specials, food specials. Super excited about that. Bar 209 staff will be pulling double duty by catering part of hockey day while also running their downtown restaurants. They've hired 30 additional people just to keep up with demand. We're catering for the VIP tent is the big part of it. So the Saturday event and we've got about 600 people for each meal and then we're also helping out with the Thursday night Sanford Employee Appreciation Event and I think they expect about 3,000 people. So we've got a big portion of that and that's what we're working on right now. And then if you want a souvenir to help you remember hockey day and Bemidji for years to come many retail shops are selling hockey themed gear, cups and even pucks. We're also just stocking up a lot on inventory in general since we know it's going to be a really cold weekend. So we've got a lot of different knitwears and hats and mittens and all kinds of fun hockey gear and also just Minnesota stuff in general for people who might be from out of town. Reporting in Bemidji, Sheryl Moore, Lakeland News. And make sure you bring your hockey day ticket if you plan to be downtown. Tickets can give you access to a few exclusive deals around the downtown. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Hello friends, I am Sanjay Gupta. In this video I am going to demonstrate you how you can print reverse of natural numbers as well as some of all the natural numbers using recursion in C. Before starting, you can subscribe my YouTube channel by clicking on the link which is available at bottom right corner of this video. You can download my app TechMS that contains various programming tutorials which is available on Google Play. You can connect with me by following these details which are available in front of you. Now I will be implementing a code for you which will print reverse of natural numbers and some of natural numbers. So this is a comment which is showing objective of this code. Now I am including a header file stdio.h then a function is declared whose name is reverse. It will receive an integer as input and it will return an integer as output. This statement is known as function declaration. Then main function inside main function two variables are declared n and s. Then printf statement it will show a message enter value of n on console. Then using scanf the entered number will be received inside n variable. Then a function is called which is s equals to reverse of n. So this function will print reverse as well as it will return some of all the natural numbers. So this statement is function call and the sum will be received inside s. So I am going to display that value using printf statement and then return 0 because return type of main function is integer. This is complete definition of main. Now I am going to implement definition of reverse function. This block will be known as function definition. Inside this function definition I have to implement a base condition which will be terminating recursive calling of this function. Now this if is containing base condition. If this base condition is true then return statement will return 1. Otherwise control will be transferred inside else. Inside else first I am going to display value of n. Then I am calling return n plus reverse of n minus 1. This is containing recursive function call. So friends this base condition will be checked first. If it is true it will return 1. Otherwise else will be executed using this printf reverse of natural numbers sorry reverse of natural numbers will be displayed on console and using this return statement all the natural numbers will be added. Now first I am going to execute this code. I am entering 5 as input. You can see the output 5 4 3 2. It is not displaying 1. So here I have to change this base condition because when n is 1 this recursive call has not performed. So I want to perform it. So I am mentioning a base condition that is n equals to 0. Again I am executing this code. Now you can see a proper output 5 4 3 2 1 and some is 15. So friends with the help of this demonstration I hope you have understood how you can print reverse of natural number as well as you can print sum of all the natural numbers on console. If you want to watch more programming related videos you can subscribe my youtube channel. Thank you for watching this video.


here's something I want to show you that we've got exclusively this is going to start airing broadly tomorrow there's a pretty significant ad buy behind it and so you'll likely see it circulating tomorrow I say that with a little bit of surprise because to be honest we had to double triple check with the lawyers to see if we were even allowed to play this ad on TV turns out we are allowed to play it and so I'm going to show to you again it's coming up broadly tomorrow we've got it here exclusively tonight this is I guess the world premiere and I'll tell you this it's not gory or sweary or upsetting or anything but it's a little it's a little edgy I think that's the right word see what you think watch is your democracy flaccid trouble maintaining a strong coalition tired of the parade of disappointing performances then you might be one of the 330 million Americans suffering from electile dysfunction I get all excited about a new bill the debate gets all hot and heated we'll move things to the floor right when we're about to achieve a joint resolution bam total government shutdown premature capitulation I don't know every time I get an election I think maybe this time will be different filibuster just doesn't make me feel good anymore it's embarrassing okay fortunately there's the freedom to vote act the freedom to vote act what's the freedom to vote act the freedom to vote act what does that mean the freedom to vote act ends your tired sagging floppy relationship with politics by making election day a holiday across the country banning gerrymandering expanding voter access increasing integrity blocking foreign interference empowering everyday citizens and healing our democracy now my election is rock solid and it works everywhere oh it works everywhere and it's safe it used to take me forever to find the location to vote but with the FTBA we have all day to get to the polls and it only takes two minutes which I prefer honestly she really does the freedom to vote act is only for democracy's healthy enough for electoral activity talk to your representative if you are experiencing greased palms lined pockets and dictators neo fascists or other pre-existing conditions as you may not be healthy enough for the FTBA passing FTBA may cause an increase in being heard power a full expression of your inalienable rights representation and a rare federal condition called accountability if you experience voting lines that last over four hours call your senator as they have not passed the FTBA talk to your senator about the freedom to vote act and demand safer and more satisfying elections today admit it that's very well done represent us is a good government group they're an anti-corruption group my favorite my favorite parts are the sad twizzler eat a twizzler again without laughing at it also this if you don't I don't know if you notice there's a lot going on but the subtitles are really funny must be 18 years or older to vote ask your doctor if a stable functioning democracy is right for you a peaceful transition of power is necessary for sustained representation that when they don't even read it just runs across the bottom and then there's this one side effects may also include civic satisfaction increased prosperity ordinances established blessings secured faith renewed and post-election clarity talk to your representative if you're experiencing greased palms lined pockets dictators neo-fascists or other pre-existing conditions you may not be healthy enough for passing freedom to vote act it's very good anyway that's going live tomorrow from represent us trying to keep the pressure on to pass the freedom to vote act to protect the freedom to vote