Felly, mae'n gwybod i'n gwybod i gael i'r sgol Llywyddyn ni'n ei ddweud i'r ysgol sy'n lleol yma i'r CIM north east. Efallai chi'n dechrau sgol yn ysgol gyda'i webynor, rwy'n gweithio i'r CIM markyteng oeddiwyr, ac mae'n ddweud i chi'n gwybod i'r llai gyda'r tres o'r cynnabodau i'r cwm ysgol yn cwm ysgol. Ieithio'r ce ficio'r cyfan o'r cwr cwr o'r pethau y garfodd y改-es, a yr hyffordd hyn yw eitem y sit yn dahl i'r cyfan o'r cyffredin CIM. Oŵr ydych chi'n gweithio i'n iawn i Nicola Rherving, hyderrwch i'r cyffredin strategiol i gweithio ar gyfer peisio ar gyfer y mae'r cyffredin Cymru'u nefyd. Yn gyfrifio i Reilla? Yn gyfrifio ydyn ni, Cymre'n gweithio ar gyfer cyffredin Cymre, I'm really pleased to be here today to share some thoughts and ideas around B2B marketing. It's an area of marketing that I think is often overlooked and sometimes misunderstood too, and during the next 30 minutes or so, I'd like to share a case study with you from the company that I work for, PACE Engineering, and I hope it excites any students who perhaps haven't decided which way to take their marketing career and encourages them to get involved in B2B, perhaps bust some of the thoughts that I had about B2B when I was a student, and I hope that for those of you who are more established in your careers and are perhaps already part of a B2B environment, that our case study just gives you some thoughts and ideas and figures some thoughts that might help you a little bit. I'm sure you've all read the blurb that currently is this session, or I guess you wouldn't be here, but I'm going to set the scene a little bit, just who I am, where I work, just to give you a little bit of a background, and then I'll be having a little bit of a focus on PACE Engineering and what we've learned in the past year or so, not going to dwell on COVID and that sort of thing specifically, much more about what we've learned about localising our activities when that hasn't been possible and what that means for the future as well, so increasingly digital markets, more virtual communications, a greater emphasis on environmentalism and not travelling as much, and what we'll carry forward with us. So, very briefly, a little bit about major so you know where this is coming from. I graduated from Newcastle University in 2011 with a degree in French and Spanish with German, so I'm not a marketing background at all, but it was during my mandatory year abroad that I really fell for marketing and I'm a real marketing nut now, and I was working for an agency in Paris for six months and we were supporting arts venues around the world and yeah, I really got into it from that point. Since then I have forged a career in marketing with the support of CIM qualifications, my degree was in a different language, so I had to bolster my education really so that I could move into marketing, and I've worked in different areas of different types of businesses, so I've worked in agencies and I've worked in-house, but the largest proportion of my career has been in Pearson Engineering, which is in the defence sector, and there are some interesting peculiarities that come with that, which have led to some of these thoughts, and I hope that that's been for you today. So just moving on, so this is Pearson Engineering, we help on forces to defend, move and survive, we're based in Newcastle upon time, the accent might give that away a little bit, and we've got customers all over the world, so we work with friendly forces, I have to say, in North and South America, Europe, Africa, Middle East, India throughout Asia and Australia too, so it's very much a global company, and this is where this issue of how do you localise, how do you be present in those markets when you can't necessarily be physically there. There's only 78 of us in the company, we're a business development team of nine, and the marketing team of two as part of that, so we have some challenges as well as some opportunities as well. Just to give you a little bit more background, I know defences is an area that's not necessarily familiar to lots of people. We produce equipment that helps armoured vehicles to move really in a defensive capacity, so we provide bridges, a bridge launch mechanism, sorry, like you see in the middle image there, to help vehicles to cross rivers, we make excavator arms to move equipment and to move earth and other obstacles, so all those which help to overcome explosives, you might have heard when lots of troops were in Iraq and Afghanistan, they were facing improvised explosive devices, we worked to overcome that, and plows to move land mines as well and other types of ornaments. Our route to market, and this is sort of the B bit, our route to market is predominantly through the providers of the armoured vehicles themselves, so they're like BMW or Ford, for example, of the defence world, not those brands specifically, just an example of car manufacture, but specific to the events. Our sales cycle is between three and five years, which brings some interesting concepts with it as well in how we keep people engaged. It's a really complex environment with lots of stakeholders, so we'll be working with the soldiers who use the equipment, decision makers within the army, civil servants looking at budgets, ministers approving budgets and the political angle and embassies as well who give us some support. Typically high value, typically long sale cycle, typically quite complex. So that's just a little bit of background and I'll come back to context of that in a little bit and what that means for us and where we've had to take some of our lessons from and apply certain marketing tactics in the last year. But together started predominantly with the B2B piece. I'd like to invite you to consider using B2B marketing means. I've included here a picture of a TV show, The Office. I'm not sure of the demographic of the audience here today. The Office is a TV show where the tagline was where life is stationary and I had a vision when I was quite young and just studying languages and thinking about translation and that type of thing when I was a student. B2B business was really sedentary, really stationary as their tagline goes. Really transactional, very data driven and not really much about relationships, not really much about people. It's about moving commodities around and I was really quite wrong. There was a local company to us that dealt with gas canisters and I just had this vision of working somewhere like that in a B2B environment and in it just being the most boring place on it. Same as engineering, didn't really appeal. Now I think it's really, it offers so much and like I said at the beginning, if I can encourage anybody who's listening here to have to choose a career in that route then I'll be happy. This was kind of what my vision of B2B is and I hope I'll kind of change some ideas perhaps if you share something similar to that as part of this. It's been a while, it's been a place in engineering that I've really learned about the power of relationships and people. I came into this role still thinking it's B2B but I was really attracted by, I'm a motor sports fan and I like cars and that type of thing and the ability to work around what are essentially big cars in a sort of international environment with purpose as well. There's a sort of political peacekeeping kind of angle to it as well. I was really attracted to that and was going to put the rest sort of aside but since I've been here that's where I've really got into the relationship angle and when your sales cycle is three to five years long how do you keep conversations alive? How do you maintain your position? How do you keep opportunities moving along a funnel? Without being able to keep people on the hook via little tactics it has to be about those relationships and I think there's some key skills that come with that and there are undoubtedly skills that I'm sure are shared by other types of businesses as well. I think this is just a mix that really supports this type of relationship marketing based up and you may or may not agree with this I know it's often a contentious issue I believe in the full integration of business development teams with marketing and sales together and as I go through these skills that I think are represented by those four pictures there and I'll explain them in a minute I think they have to work really closely together in order to serve customers to understand relationships and to keep everything moving along together there's too much information to not be. So the four skills that I think are predominant and I'm sure other people have different ideas as well but the marketing must be an investigator they need to understand what's going on in the world know what's likely to impact the stakeholders and have a really high level and tempo of internal communications to keep that moving around you need to be able to brief different departments there are lots of different types of materials whether it's open source or directly from those sales team and I kind of consider it as you're in a relationship with those customers over a long period of time and you need to be involved in what they care about so that's the kind of investigation angle I also think you need to be a behaviourist, not sure if that's the right word but with such a longevity of a relationship I think you need to really understand the buying behaviour what might move quickly what might move slowly and what can affect it in a world event certainly in our business and what's going to affect the purchase decision along the way we don't get quick wins, there's nothing that we can do that helps us to keep people on the hook along the way it really has to be about strength of relationship and belief in the brand we can't do an A B test with a voucher to see what works best and then go down that route it has to be over a longer period of time and it has to be about the people and the strength of those conversations and that there's a activity in helping the sales people to be involved in those must be a strategist, I guess that can apply it a lot but it's certainly about the long game for us not the quick wins as I just said it seems like different constraints can come out of different areas really quickly in that sort of environment so if you are in a 3-5 years sales cycle competitive and really easy in that time develop something that can dislodge the conversation and move things on so we have to really plan ahead we have to understand negotiation points, see what might be coming and then really work to communicate our value when understanding what we're pitched against so that we can understand what's often described as hot buttons for customers and make sure that we can stay with them all the way through despite whatever might be thrown at us and then finally I think the market needs to be a reporter as well so there's lots of different influences that can impact a buying decision in our world they may be political so a political party so they're going to invest in the armed forces for example they might be budgetary in terms of COVID it's had a big impact recently lots of government money being spent on infrastructure rather than other things there's that type of thing and the importance of a pestle analysis is really underline for us certainly taking the academic side and then applying it to the business we do it regularly to understand what's happening and then communicate it around as well and I think one of the biggest things that we've changed recently has been our level of internal communications I'll come onto that in a little bit in terms of the lessons of the last year what happens to these skills along the way but it's really kind of reporting what's happening and sharing it so that we can collectively work towards the same goal that's really been important and most of that activity investigating the market, understanding the customers making plans and seeing what's happening has generally been done with extensive travel localising activities things like exhibitions, demos events, direct sales lots of people based account management that kind of thing and defence is quite traditional so being face to face has been really important so the question we were faced with is how do you understand the world and how do you communicate it when you can't actually be there and you can't talk to people there's only one headline in the news and it's really hard to get information and we face communication challenges our audience and our customers are very security sensitive as you might imagine how do you get in touch with them and make sure that you both listen and share at the same time to really help the direction of the business we first looked we got values and value there the first thing we did when we knew things would need to change was to look within the business first and to really understand what our customers cared about and what we cared about so what we're good at what lies at the heart of activities and really what our purpose was I think it's very easy to get distracted when your normal activities are forced in a different direction and to maybe panic to adopt certain activities to reach those people but we looked inside ourselves face reminded ourselves of why we've been successful over the years and then looked to repeat that in some way and to bolster it so we know that our customers value us for always being there for the end user and it's about the application not the sale for example it's about helping to keep soldiers safe it's about helping them to move to where they need to be to overcome different obstacles and so we doubled down in those areas focused on R&D shared educational content looked at ways to be there even if we couldn't physically be there at exhibitions and demos and that came out in basically adopting all types of communication channels in order to meet the best one for the particular customer because they all had different approaches they all had firewalls within their organizations and that kind of thing and after looking in our own values and our purpose and what we were really here to do and making sure we focused on that the next thing we did was to look at what our value is in the eyes of our customers and look on ways to build on that as well so we refreshed our segmentation understood what the pains, gains and goals were for each persona, how they might have changed over the course of the year and what their challenges might be in a different environment and we looked at how we could be there again in person so that we were able to carry on those conversations regardless and it came down to relationships again so we enhanced our relationships with our local advisors we've got a community of people who are sort of like distributors but they're not sort of arrangement with them but they represent us in those countries we really focused on those people we really focused on enhancing their knowledge helping them to help us making sure they were kept up to date on a weekly basis on changes in their business that was a real step change in how we approached the market where they would typically support us rather than being the sort of the leading entity in conversations and we also refreshed our brand as well so it was a big thing to do and it wasn't done just because of what was going on last year but it certainly gave us an opportunity to re-engage and communicate a new way of thinking and a new way of communicating and that's been really, really positive for us in the last couple of months and then the next thing we did was to put ourselves, and this is represented by the perspective, the peace there put ourselves in the shoes of our customers and considered what their experience was not ours I've seen this a couple of times where there's been events and a company would perhaps fill their diary with meetings, virtual meetings and they're feeling like they're at an event because they're busy, they're meeting lots of different people but actually if you think about an exhibition a person might walk past the stand that you're on gather a little bit of information go in, think about it, come back the next day find out a little bit more they've talked to one of their colleagues or their boss or something like that and come back for more information and dig a bit deeper and dig a bit deeper and we looked at ways that we could replicate that rather than just filling our own diaries with meetings and from a marketing point of view looking for leads for meetings and that sort of thing it was much more about what their experience would have been and trying to replicate that side of things and finally just as I mentioned before we enhanced our internal communications software, newsletters, forums just to make sure that we could keep moving around that information and to make sure that when things have been more difficult and it's been more difficult to get information and to to share that information that we had ways and means of doing it so on to my last slide which was hopefully a little bit amusing with a llama peaking through fence it might be a little bit of a charm for some of you you can't hide behind when it's such a big area of development in marketing, new communication methods new ways of collecting data which is often talked about being data focused and I think the last years certainly facilitated the shift towards that but I have a little bit of a fear that it can become a little bit of a distraction particularly in a people oriented business and where those relationships are so important don't get me wrong the team here at Pearson Engineering are we're looking into the data, we're looking into the numbers we're looking into the communications methods and new ways to reach people but it has to be integrated with the relationship work and that's number one and I think it always will be, who knows what will change but I think it always will be in the type of business we work in it has to be about relationships and we talk a lot in the defence sector about AI about official intelligence and always having a human in the loop so in a defence context that's about making sure that weapons aren't firing without a person having made that decision or vehicles aren't going to a certain location without someone having made that decision in the same way we're really trying to make sure that we have the human in the loop decision making and putting the person and the relationship at the heart of our decision making and there's certain things that are possibly quite specific to us but we can't use google analytics for our own security reasons if we do sentiment analysis it comes back and tells us that it's all really terrible because we use and receive words like threat and conflict and that type of thing and I think that would send us down the wrong path if we focus on it too much we use it to guide us and our colleague who does a really great job of gathering that information and helping us to make sense of it it's something that supports the human conversation and I think most worrisome for me the reason that I got onto this topic a little while ago was that we did some work with some junior marketers some years ago for a local awards and so many of them I think it was about three quarters couldn't see any reason for further training or further career development beyond search engine marketing it's quick wins it's there and you find out what's working you find out what's not so then if you're in businesses B2B environment where you have a five year sales cycle how do you interest those people in being involved in the future and that was something that I left that event kind of stewing on a little bit and hoping that there was an opportunity to change and I think it's really about the excitement of being all people and people like people and making sure that what we do is focused on the person at the end of the conversation so I think my conclusion from the last year and what had to change for us and what we'll take moving forward is that it's actually about stronger relationships and a stronger focus on people rather than a greater focus on data or virtual means and this might be very specific to us but we will be investing more time and effort in our overseas partners we'll be focusing on the relationship with those people and the people who can influence our opportunities so the people in embassies the people in the department for defence and security exports that type of thing we'll be focusing on our brand, creating a community we're really lucky to have really great brand advocates within our customer base but we occupy a really historic facility a factory that people have a real attachment to and it's up to us to make sure that we cultivate that and keep the conversation going and it's about internal people as well I think internal communications has been one of the biggest areas of development for us and it's full circle really how do you invest more in people when you can't see them where you just have to keep investing in that relationship and in people who can help you to do that along the way being a little bit of a canter through quite a big topic very happy to take any questions and or if you want to contact me afterwards separately then please do thank you very much That's great, thanks very much Nicola for a really interesting presentation don't forget there's still time if you want to download Nicola's presentation slides and the list of additional reading resources from the hand out section and also just a little reminder that if you're enjoying today's webinar and want to post on social media you can use the hashtag so now we're going to take a short Q&A session there's still time to submit your questions if you would like to and we'll try to get through as many as we can in the next 10 to 15 minutes so first question Nicola is could you give some examples of how you would replicate the customer experience when you're not there in person It's a good question we had to do things like we accepted that we weren't going to have the level of conversation that we would have in person but it was about having lots of different types of content over the course of a week for example so there was an event that we were due to go do that was of course rightly cancelled and over the course of that week we delivered a white paper, we held a seminar we did a video demo on the multiple types of content that would help people to progress a conversation or progress a line of thought with us so it was about variety but within the constraints of what we knew that our audience would be interested in and to underpin that we had to have a good mailing list that we knew we could return to and that we could use but yeah it was just about different types of content in the same way that if somebody came to an exhibition they might talk to somebody one day they might explore around one of the products that was on display the next day they might pick up a brochure and read something or watch the video that's on the screen and just try to replicate that for them over the course of that week right that's a good answer and then similar thing I mean I don't know if you've been involved in any hybrid of what virtual B2B events but have you got any best practice recommendations a couple of top tips that you could offer ooh yes we did a hybrid event in Abu Dhabi in February it was a physical event but we couldn't have anybody there so we have partners over there and so we strengthened the conversations we were having with them they represented us on site so there was a lot of refings making sure they knew about our brand how we like to behave understanding what was a good conversation what was not a bad conversation but what was a better qualified lead that's what I mean to say and we set up one tip is good partners identify them briefly make sure they understand the company the second one I would say would be we had a communication boost back to the UK we were working on Abu Dhabi time and they were available for meetings which was actually quite fruitful there were a lot of meetings to be had but the connectivity was quite a challenge so testing that I think most people would anyway but testing that would be another tip and looking at the protocols of the country that you're working in so because we were working in the UAE it had its own set of internet protocols which made some things more challenging something okay to work with and that affected us a little bit so we had to have on site AV support at the whole show we were there pretty much every day making sure that things worked it fell over a couple of times it didn't work 100% but it did the job of us being there having those meetings and progressing the conversations but I think AV and particular country challenges or changes or differences that you might not expect or useful to consider Next question touches on creativity how would you push being created with senior stakeholders who would traditionally want corporate formal marketing is there any room for that in this business in different cultures so we've been through a recent experience of something like that with our brand refresh which to many of us marketers is a very strategic activity and senior management as well but to some people is seen purely as a visual exercise or a creative exercise in how you display something and I think it's all about there's that great Simon Sainic book start with why it's underpinning why you're making those decisions so it's not creativity for creativity's sake but rather what is the challenge what does my audience need to see how do I reach it and if that's underpinned by segmentation and your personas so they have this pain this is how we can help them and this could be visualised in this way just to take a visual route or this event this sort of different activity that is outside of our traditional type of marketing this is how it's going to to reach it, this is how it's going to meet that need I would say it's about that it's about fundamentally underpinning the reason for it I think it can be a challenge when you have a more traditional mindset I think it's about demonstrating results as always so maybe asking for a one-off pass to show something to prove it prove the concept to a low level with minimal investment and show what the results were okay thank you then another question in a secretive confidential type industry how do you conduct competitor analysis or is it just down to product performance that's such a good question because it's a really really challenging area how do you find out buying yeah years to the ground so that's kind of travel when we're able to do that hearing what's going on reporting back sharing is really useful there's always chatter within a community even if it's not published online we do things like social watching social listening social listening to find out what's being talked about in different places and I think just generally watching the trajectory of certain companies so who's partnering with who who is working in which countries and then from that we can kind of build up a picture and I think it's about collecting data together as well not just individual pieces of data or individual pieces of information don't really give you an idea we have a bi-monthly market insight session where the business development team get together and we talk about what we've seen and when you collect that together you can start building a bigger picture sending the odd email here there and everywhere so it's about that but I think it's also you have to be be aware of your competitors and what they're doing but having a greater focus on your customers and what they need and making sure you're there first with the best solution and that kind of thing so probably a little bit of a balance between being really customer and user focused and collecting data would be the sort of succinct way of answering I think OK, thank you and then we've got a question do you use the support of DIT how helpful is it if so because I know they have a big presence in the northeast don't they with us being an export region do you have much direct contact with them locally or nationally Yeah, so they are one of our key I'll call them an influencer just because that's what is understood as those sort of intermediaries that can help to ease conversations and help to influence ultimately but Yeah, so the Department for International Trade in the northeast in London and by extension the Defence and Security Export Organization who are part of that we work with them a lot it's really important for us to keep them briefed on what we're up to they are connected to embassies who are on the ground who are hearing what's going on, who know the people and we invest a lot of time and energy in trying to make sure that they are aware of our developments our objectives we have a presentation later this month virtually to make sure that we can share with them what the last year has been like for us but typically we would be in and out of their offices in London we'd be seeing them at exhibitions we'd be talking to their counterparted embassies on a weekly monthly basis but I would encourage anybody going into an export or global environment to explore DIT they're so well connected whether it's connected in terms of putting you in touch with somebody or giving you the right advice or finding the right area they've been really really useful for us for sure Excellent this is quite a long question the next one but I'll read it all out because the people might identify with this I currently work for a B2B organisation you spoke about aligning closely with the sales department one of the frustrations we have in marketing is that we're viewed as the sales support department we're measured by ever increasing led lead generation targets as a result our schedule activities is dominated by repetitive short term campaigns and longer term initiatives so have you got any advice on that so that the status of marketing so that you're not viewed solely as a sales support Yeah and I think it's about to my mind marketing is about listening to the market reflecting that internally listening to the business as to how it's changing or how it's going to adapt to what it's learned from that listening activity and then reflecting it back out again and it's sort of a circular a circular piece and I think marketing can often get caught and I think what's being described here is listening to the business and explaining and just sort of sharing in that regard I think when you can start to kind of round that circle again and where the marketing department are providing market insights and helping to lead the direction of this of where the business development or sales team focus their attention and I'm certainly not saying that we do that exclusively in our team it's very much a collective effort but our marketing team has a role in looking at what's going on in the world and being that reporter and being that investigator so that the sales team can understand what's happening can see what the influencers might be make some decisions and then it becomes a sort of collaborative effort I think having insight into what your campaigns might be so we have priority campaigns and there's quite a few of them because we have product campaigns company campaigns we share that with the business with the business and the business development team with their agreement and say these are the 10 that we're working on do you agree that these are your priorities we can't do absolutely everything so that you get their buy in at that level and then we schedule out what the campaign is going to be and they have access to that as well so they can see kind of where the pinch points are when are we really busy working on this and this is really important because it reflects back to those priority campaigns where can they see that there might be a little bit of room for manoeuvre, we've got a little bit of space we could do something that helps them to get something developed but I think it's about sharing and about being transparent with what the priorities are I understand that with the same we get requests for could we do this I'm at this event or something like that and we can do that, no problem we'll support it but there's a bigger sort of strategic element to the campaign and that's what if everybody's agreed what the priority should be that's what should take primacy because there's a bigger picture at the end of it so yeah it's kind of collaboration sharing I would say excellent and I think we've got time for one more question which is how do you justify marketing spend slash return on investment for B2B? I'm going to go for your budget yeah it's it's hard because you can't say I did this and here's the result within a short amount of time we have to look at data over a longer period of time so look at how budgets might have changed or what we've invested in over years rather than weeks or months return on investment I think is seen in terms of quality of relationships and we do more detailed if I think about you do a LinkedIn campaign and you put a bit of money behind it and then show what you've got as a result of it we would report on that but we don't typically report on return on investment for example like an exhibition with a number you know we don't say this is what we got in terms of a sale because we went to this event and I think it takes the senior management team and the directors to understand that that's a constraint of this industry you have to put your best put forward your best people forward invest in what you believe in and then you make down sure that it works at the other side of it and it's just about understanding the market I think and seeing far and up ahead that you invest in the right places and that those conversations eventually become a transaction for the business but it is really hard and it depends what your board want to see whether it's I put this much money behind adverts on LinkedIn and this is how many leads we've got out of it depending on what type of business it is about that sort of depth and quality and something more qualitative rather than quantitative I think it depends on the business really I wish we could put more numbers to things I would love to be able to do but it's really really a challenge particularly in what we do That's brilliant, thanks Nicola we've had some really great questions there from the viewers so thank you for submitting those so that's all the time we have now for the webinar today thanks to Nicola for today's presentation and to CIM North East for organising the event we do hope you found it interesting and worthwhile our next webinar express where we're going we don't need cookies is on Thursday the 10th of June at 1pm hosted by CIM South East you'll find further details listed on the events page on the CIM website where you'll also be able to register for the session thanks again to Nicola for a really good presentation and thank you for joining us I'll see you on Thursday, goodbye


McMap kind of gets that reputation of, oh no, McMap doesn't work.  These techniques are tested and tried by different combat sports that are practiced around the world. We took what fit our combat mindset and what we wanted Marines to do and we turned it into our program that it is effective. And these courses for the MAI course, it's truly voluntary. You have to be an NCO at a minimum to attend. We're all Marines at the end of the day, so we want to develop that combat mindset. First week they come in, they get a lot of classroom instruction, nutrition, warrior studies, stuff like that. It's a pretty front-loaded on the front side with classes. Obviously PT every day, physical fitness is a big part of this. And then you do everything from standing striking, body free sparring, pupil sticks, all of it. They get a taste of everything. For me, it's allowing me to afford the opportunity to train my Marines and give them a chance or an opportunity to progress about levels and learn things that potentially can save their life one day. Regardless of whether we're on duty or off, we need to be able to defend ourselves and defend others around us. And that's a big part of why I train in martial arts. We're not always gonna have weapons on us or guns, pistols, knives, anything like that. Took away that I'm tougher than I think I am and so is everyone else around me.  So you really need to build that unit cohesion and work as a team to make it through a course like this. A lot of Marines, they have reservations on attending these courses because they hear a lot of the adversity that the Marines face going through the course. You're never gonna truly understand until you actually do it. And for Marines that don't think they can make it, I mean, your mind's gonna quit before your body will. So it's gonna help you build that mental toughness and it's going to just bleed over into a lot of more aspects of your life.


We're glad to know you're still there. Barring any last-minute change in plans, the Presidential Campaign Council of the Ruling All Progressives Congress, APC, will this weekend release the final list of members of the council. It was learned that the council was still receiving inputs from stakeholders, especially governors of the party. Presidential candidate of the party, Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu, who arrived in the country from London on Thursday evening, had shortly before he travelled, some days ago, released a 422-member campaign council. The list was met with grumblings and Steve resistance from most state chapters of the party, with APC in reverse state, alleging that all its nominees to the council were dropped. However, after a tripartite meeting of the governors, the Abdullah-i-Adamulet National Working Committee and the PCC on Wednesday, there were indications that all parties to the dispute might have now harmonized their positions. Indeed, a member of the PCC said that the comprehensive council list would be ready by this weekend in preparation for next week's planned flag-off of the campaign in Abuja. Joining us to discuss these is Tunji Abdulhamid, a legal practitioner, and Ben-Ga Olorumpomi, an APC member and public relations consultant. Thank you, gentlemen, for joining us. Thank you. Thank you. Well, let's begin with you, Ben-Ga. First of all, what's with APC candidates in London, anyway? Are we in for a deja vu already? Because we remember what happened when our president was coming in 2014-2015. Why did your principal go to London? Yeah, well, I mean, don't ask too exactly what you mean by that. For us in the APC, we have a candidate that is extremely available, we have a candidate that is well experienced, we have a candidate that has a lot of antecedents that we can sell. Yes. Okay. Maybe like you said, you do not understand why I ask that. Nigerians were worried that is it going to be a kind of president or is he going to be a kind of president that will every other day or every other week be visiting maybe London or overseas because of health issues or not? Because the concern was that he was there because of his health, even before the campaigns have started. We are here to add back to the rumors that the media has been propagating neglect for the past three weeks. The man has said that he told us that he went to take the rest for spending, just so that he can pass on the rest from many of his candidates. So if you guys have decided that he went for health reasons, well, I can't help you. What he did was to go and take time off, this is his right, and he returned his energy, and when he returned, he had gotten back to work. So I don't understand this rumor that he went to an extent that he went for health reasons. Well, Romo's can come, but it's your place to debunk the rumors and give us the real thing that is happening. So if you say he was just going to rest in London, well, he's back now. He's back now, and as I said, he has gone back to work today. He had several meetings, he visited the presidential campaign council office and met with several, and even as I said to you, he did a few meetings, just so that all the interests are in the publication of the final report of members of the campaign council. So we understood that we need to align all the interests, and that's what he did. Okay, before I go to my other guest, we're also wondering what is it that always happens in the primaries, a date was set, it was moved forward. Now campaigns were supposed to be flagged off, and there's been a delay. The list that was released is now going to be re-released at the weekend, rather, and then you are flagging off on a later date. Why are these delays? Is it that the internal mechanisms for resolving issues is collapsing or something?  There is nothing like that. What has happened is we are a beast. We are the only truly national party, and all our interests are aligned. The issues that came up, that push that made it so that we have to re-address and re-apply our campaign list has been taken care of, and all interests are being, you know, We have not broken any laws, all what we are doing is taking our time, and not what so you know. If the campaign has not officially taken up, but in our minds, we have already started campaigning. More than 20 years have been held while the man wasn't able to run around, and I think that we are very aware of who we are next time we go to. But that doesn't officially take you off. It's not got no cause. And when it does, you're ready to do it. OK, well, let me come to you, Tunji. The political landscape is about to get really hot.  The list will be out this weekend. Let's talk about how that makes you feel, especially now that the APC candidate is back, and according to party members, he's back better than when he left. How does it make you feel right now? Yeah, I didn't get you clearly, but you are asking me how does it make me feel to see APC not the campaign since the 28th of September. Not just APC campaigns are going to begin in earnest, especially from Monday next week.   So what is your take on all that? Do you see a campaign that will be satisfactory to the citizens of Nigeria and help Nigeria ship its future? Let me first of all react to the APP inability to flag off its campaign as scheduled. As far as I'm concerned, it's worrisome. And it's an evidence that probably APC is not ready for this campaign. Or it shows clearly that there is no synergy between the APC and the... Because the complaint by the chairman two days ago was that the list, the list does not have their own input in it. And some of the governors have complained about that. So it's worrisome, and it says that, look, if we delay campaign in this manner, what will happen if the APP win elections? We need not be like whatever, but if we delay elections, well, we have a six-month, before it means that these were released in the name of taking our time. You know, international issues like that. So I'm working that regard. They are not proactive in taking decisions and asking. And regarding campaign, I think this one will not be a different from what you have been saying before now. It will still be the same jamboree when the campaign starts to take off. It may not be there. I wouldn't be surprised if I don't see that. Because I know what the people have been doing is to just attack one another. And if you look at all the parties that are competing, it appears a lot that you got back on the web for it. Because the program has been followed as scheduled. All the program has been scheduled as followed as scheduled. It's the only candidate that has released a program in terms of five-point agenda. So I feel more prepared than any other candidate in this election. And so, and that's probably because of the impreparedness of the APC. They are having an issue regarding the plug-off. And they have sense of the presidential candidate. He also knows FU, and I will not agree with their decision-giving. This campaign, the plug-off and the campaign program have been scheduled before it travels. I know that when the program will take place, one particular program will take place. He was invited for NBAP, wherever he was on the run. He was invited for another program in travel. Why would the president not be available for all the matters necessary? Are you saying it's not well-prepared? It didn't program itself very well. Because all these programs were not just yesterday that I was released. 10 days ago, 10 days ago that I was released. It was released before it's all scheduled. So as a president today, you don't go out on time. You work based on people's time and people's national interest. And people's national interest. So as far as I'm concerned, it's what it's all for me. For what I'm seeing in APC. It appears they're not ready for this campaign. Okay, Benga, you heard what Tunji said. But some members before now, as we have said earlier, were aggrieved over a lot of things. Muslim, Muslim ticket. We know that some Christians who are APC in the North did not like it. To the presidential campaign least, and Sunday audit reasons are the way very aggrieved. How has that been resolved? Yes, the principle has come back. As you said, you have come back, but how have you resolved that? Or how do you intend to resolve that? Because as the ruling party, if something goes wrong in your party, Nigerians can't worry. So, publicly, you claim exactly that I'm an APC member. Well, I think my friend on the other side, he's a member of the DPE, but hasn't come out to say exactly where he belongs to. Which is his honor. And I'd like to ask him, we've called him and complained to him, that they are interested and they are accommodating him. And that would be, that doesn't mean, you know, trying to bring a secret that doesn't exist. To say, oh, the events were set and the candidate was not available. If you tell me where exactly it was published, that they are going to flag up on the game, I'd like to say that everybody could kick off. At no time, they don't think they were going to be great, but they were going to kick off. Now, first now, we have said we want an issue-based campaign. And you are now doing the issue of who's doing what's going to change. Those are not the issues. That is not an issue. We have picked a candidate. We have picked a running candidate. Let's allow Nigerians to vote based on competence, based on antecedent. We picked the best choice from the south-west and the best choice from the north-west. I stand to say to me that there is no better ticket than the Tinnubu Ketima ticket. It exudes competence, it exudes ability, capacity, and these two men have always been the best choice. I stand to say that they are the best choice of the Christians and their people. At all times. At all times. For the survival of Christians in Bruneau, in schools, in Christian communities, we will build churches when we go around and burn them down. But what are we talking about around this region? How does it matter? What are we talking about in this region? What are we talking about in this region? On those two things, we have the best ticket. Well, I'm glad you have that kind of confidence there. But if we're talking about issues in Nigeria today, I'm not talking about 1993, where Biola and his running made Muslims, both of them, we're talking about now. A lot of people have seen this Muslim-Muslim ticket as exuding, because that's the word you were using, as exuding arrogance and also exuding insensitivity. Will you dismiss that and say Nigerians shouldn't even be talking about that, but they should be talking about antecedents of what your principle has done? I think that you're the only one talking about it now.  What the best Nigeria is, how do we take advantage of the railways that President Bwari has put, and actually put Nigeria's GDP from an average GDP of 30 to 70 billion? How do we put our youth, who have all the intelligence and all the creativity to make wealth, to create wealth? How do we do that to work? How do we get our women to work? How do we make Nigeria the biggest economy in Africa? That doesn't matter. It's not because they are religious. What I was coming on this show, nobody has to be religious. In essence, you're telling Nigerians what should matter to them and not what they think matters to them. What matters to Nigeria is how they will prosper. And people have done it for little. What they do for little? While being a woman that is married to a king. His wife is the king of the church. I understand that the church she was giving that position. How friendly can you be? You are not making it an issue. Okay, well, Tunji, let me come to you. He has just spoken about what Nigerians should be concerned with. But you seem to be concerned about some other things. He has also dismissed the issue of Muslim-Muslim and some other things that Nigerians might be talking about. What do you think about that? We're in as much as the issue regarding the race. And particularly... First of all, just a moment. Sorry for cutting you. Let's establish one thing. He said you didn't talk about you being PDP. You are PDP, right? I am a member of PDP. Let's establish that fact that you are not denying that fact. It's not a report to introduce as a PDP member. It wasn't eating. So I thought I'm concerned. I'm not here to speak as a PDP spokesperson or whatever. I'm speaking as a Nigerian. My interests are the Nigerians. That's why I'm speaking. If I say anything that is not that carpeted by another fact, it can come up with it. Now, there will be a particular party or candidate. Because I say regarding the Muslim-Muslim ticket, it's an issue for me. It is for the Nigerians to decide whether or not they want a party that does not contribute to what is happening in the country now. The way we are in the country now, we need balancing regarding ethnic and religious sentiment. You can't talk about ethnic and religious sentiment. The question we have is not the question we have now. So I will leave everything to the Nigerians to decide whether or not they want a particular state to dominate the system. I will not talk more about that in that regard. Because if I have to be, I will take the components with my foot and then we will see where we go. We are in Nigeria to say, look, we don't care about your interest. We don't care about your sensitivity. Let me return to Bengali so that we can try to wrap this thing up. Bengali, let me come back to you. I have asked this question before. I asked someone else this question. And I'm asking you now. You are APC.   But it seems like a third force is rising. For the first time, because it wasn't really a third force when the APC came up. They were the opposition that gave the PDP the run for their money. But now there seem to be a third force that everybody is jittery about. In the media space, everybody is talking about this third force, even if I do not mention names. Are you threatened by this third force or you think it's a walk in the park? So I was part of the 2011 campaign of Nuhu Ribadu. I was part of the campaign of Buhari 2016 and the 2019. And I think I have enough experience to know when I'm facing a familiar group opponent or I'm facing a bit of a joke. And I will say here, what I can just say is this, this third force can have more than 40 senatorial candidates out of 509 senatorial spots that are really good for those names to vote for. This third force can have more than 120, I don't know yet about, if this third force has not come up with any alternative argument other than to complain about the many things that Nigerians, regular Nigerians are complaining. Nigerians are asking for things and they are, even if they are providing to the police officers, they are still crying out there. This is the third force and I don't think the agency has anything to fear. The House of Assembly members, the National Assembly, State Assembly and all that are not going to be the only ones voting. Do you think the people don't have the kind of power that they can, you know, remove whoever they want to remove from power if they want to? Do you think it doesn't matter? So long as they don't have National Assembly members and the people you mentioned? So for good or for bad, right?  This is what you are talking about. They are very loud on social media and non-existent on the street. They are extremely vocal when it comes to people on the internet but ask people everywhere.  Okay, well, yeah, maybe we should hold... I'm not scared of this. Manga, maybe we should hold that thought because we are really running out of time. After talking about your party, would like you to also just address both of you. Let me remain with you, Benga, before I go back to Tunji for a final word. Talk to the electorate right now because they are the ones that we need to educate so that they make the right choices. So briefly now for 30 seconds, if you may. All right, thank you. We are on the match again. For the moment, I think we have done the best that they can within the last 30 years to stabilize the country. We had the rough times, COVID, the war in Ukraine, and so on. And I've transmitted many of the things that we wanted to do. But in Bola, Mezcinobu, and Kepema are two men who have delivered a very, very important situation in their face. What I'm saying is that trust them with your vote. Contact the mask and vote for them. And what to make me go for is what you do to make Nigeria possible. Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you. Tunji, over to you. Please, a word to the electorate, Nigerians, who are listening to us now. The electorate should look for the more competent candidate and they can provide the authority. First, I'm concerned the APT let the government pay the country. And I think Nigeria will not vote for a candidate who wants to continue from where they present their confidence to be decisive for us. No Nigeria who lost this country will pray for what we are having and to happen again or for anybody to continue from where we are now. As far as I'm concerned, Nigerians know what is happening and they know the best and they know they will vote for the right candidate. Okay. Thank you very much. Well, at the end of the day, the power belongs to the people and the choices we make will determine what our future will be like. We've been talking to Tunji Abdul Hamid, a legal practitioner and Wengar Olorungpome, an APC member and Public Relations Consultants. Thank you gentlemen for being a part of the show. Thank you for having me. Nice to have you.  Thank you with the highlights of the week. My name is Nyam Ghul at Gadji. Have a good evening. In the last session, who has paid his dues and in the area of constituting or composing a campaign, composing a campaign, a campaign council is not a little liver. So I'm saying this for us to have this understanding that it's just the fitment of the part of the nation of those who are trying to run down the president candidate of APC. We understand what is playing out that is corrupt and all that. Don't forget, individuals will be taken out of the party because most of them are returned back to APC where they've turned them to safe. Yes, we're not saying that there is no corruption in any system, political system there is, but when you look at it, what is the state of Nigeria at that period compared to now, if you're talking about corruption, what were you buying rights? Tell me, Marianne, what were you buying rights back then? What were you transporting to your village? How much were you entering? Why? Same government people call corrupts. How much were you, what was school fees? How much was dollars at that time? So when we look at this issue and play the beside what is happening now, please, we're not, article is ready by experience to ensure that such system does not kind of grow again and what APC have put us in if they could push it for ESC to come up, they could push it for ICPC to come up. What do you think will grow on board? Countries where people do not go to school, where children especially do not go to school, you correct a huge gap therefore meaning that we cannot have them fill in employment slots if any are available. If children are not in school they are open books for boundaries, for kidnappers, for terrorists to recruit. That's what we see happening if you look at the history of the North East and the North West you find that as the nature began to dry because of climate change more and more young people had nothing to do there was no fishing to be done so there were easy recruits for terrorists so if we're not dealing with education if it's not important to us then we're not really serious about building this country. ASU for instance has been on strike since February. Most federal government, all federal government universities have been on strike, they've been closed since February. I do not see a deliberate attempt to end this issue. The president spoke at the UN just some weeks ago promising that Nigeria was going to do better in terms of our budgetary allocations to education but our budgetary allocation for this year is even the lowest ever about 5.6%. That's pretty low. Now we're talking primary education tertiary education acceptably education is on the concurrent list which means that states also have a huge role to play in this. Now moving from education I believe also need to focus very importantly on the impact on the snots that we give to women I know we've had conversations about 35% for women. Women need to be more visible. I would like to see women more visible in the incoming government in 2023. We have brilliant women in the economy in politics and finance and we would like to see them featuring importantly in segments of the society. In our law making bodies the Senate has already I would like to see more women take off seats there so that we can have better laws that favour women. You can see the trend of our national assembly that builds that favour women are easily trashed and understandably so when you have men who are patriarchal they would trample on anything that makes women's voices louder. So we leave women in the room to speak loudly for women in Nigeria and make the points count.


The results of this study suggest that there is a lack of awareness regarding i-donation amongst adults in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi. The majority of people have heard of i-donation. However, they do not pose as adequate knowledge regarding the process or the benefits of i-donation. Additionally, only a small percentage of people knew about the contraindications associated with i-donation. Furthermore, most people did not know where the i is removed during the donation process, nor did they know what part of the i is actually donated. These findings highlight the need for greater education on i-donation in order to increase awareness and understanding of the procedure.


What is going on guys welcome back to channel critical overload here's some of the Halloween franchise in this video here again today Talk about a route they could go if they were to you know, explore this idea of another timeline After the events of Halloween in which you know will be the conclusion to David Gordon Green's iteration of the series So let's explore another idea regarding Daniel Harris back in the role is Jamie Lloyd And I am gonna say that this relates to the H2O timeline. So with the H2O timeline, we know that includes Halloween 1 2 H2O and resurrection for now What if they explore something that kind of Utilizes what was originally planned which was making H making the adventure of H4 H5 and H6 Still canon to the events of H2O In that timeline, but we know of course that's that's not what we got Let's say that we could get a sequel to resurrection it's set in the early 2000s still of course and We could have Daniel Harris back in the role as Jamie Lloyd And what we learned is that this is a movie that includes the events of Halloween 1 from 78 Halloween 2 from 1981 Halloween 4 and also the events of Halloween 5 It would also include the events of H2O and it would also include the events of resurrection It does not include the events of Halloween 6. So this would be a timeline where you could Ignore the events of 6, but it's still like basically a new iteration of the H2O timeline and We could explore a little bit more of that cult stuff I guess if you want to do that or you could just touch on it glaze over it gloss over it briefly and Give us a character return of Jamie Lloyd who has We can learn what she's been up to ever since the events of Halloween 5 what she's been through what happened to her All of these other things that pertain to her life and how she's of course just reappearing because I don't have all of that stuff Fleshed out right now in my mind But you could also have her come back and what what the basis of this movie would be is you have a woman who is returning to See the demise of the individual that killed her mother killed her brother And you know Michael Myers I think this is an idea at one point where Michael Myers was on death row Let's say Michael Myers is on death row in this movie and you know you just have the movie play out from there This would be I think something at least off of the initial idea that I've talked about where it connects the original film To the second film H4 H5 and then connecting all of that to the events of H2O Resurrection but you're ignoring Halloween 6 in there in an effort to of course justify Why you have Daniel Harris back as Jamie Lloyd a character who died in Halloween 6 But then also at the same time This would be a way to kind of be more of what I saw people clamoring They would want to see when it relates to Jamie Lloyd being back and it should have been her and not Karen the problem there if they would have brought Jamie Lloyd back in this timeline that we have right now is that That's not the same Jamie Lloyd that you knew that's just a random new character Who doesn't have you who doesn't have the same experience that you have with them? So it's basically like meeting a new character with this thing where you connect H1 from 78 to H2H4 H5 And then connecting that to H2O and resurrection You have that same Jamie Lloyd who has the experience of Halloween 4 and 5 underneath their belt And now they're just back so many years later looking for justice for their mother who died at the beginning of Halloween resurrection They're also looking for justice for their brother John Tate. I Mean maybe they bring Josh Hartnett back in an idea like that and let them share that sibling role Where they again are just out there hunting for Michael Myers now at this point not really necessarily hunting They would want to be going to the Going to the trial that he's on because again at this point. I would say the characters on death row I know that was an original idea at one point for a sequel to resurrection So maybe they could explore something like that But I think in that idea they had like a son or child of Dr. Loomis Which I feel like would be more random since we didn't really hear about any child anytime prior but with this scenario here You again have a chance to get Daniel here's back in that role You can give a lot of people what they wanted because I know some of you still out there want a sequel Resurrection and see what happens after he woke up at the end of resurrection and attack that nurse I'm assuming we can see what the fallout from that was we could see how that's Shaped what has gone on since then how many years later? They should place it after resurrection. I would say maybe one to two max of Daniel Harris again could come back in the role and she could be Jamie Lloyd I imagine they'd have to do some some stuff of course along the way to accommodate the fact that this is supposed to be said in the thousands and You know, everybody goes through the aging process So maybe they'll be able to make Jane make Daniel Harris look a little bit younger based off of other things they can do with movies now and movie magic and Maybe they can also do the same thing with Josh Hartnett If he were to share the sibling dual role that I'm kind of thinking about you could do for a Halloween Resurrection sequel where they're just trying to put an end to the shape the person that killed their mother the person who Got their mother locked up in an asylum unlocked Unjustly I'll say and then Jamie herself again we could get some details about that cult and what went on at the end of Halloween 5 and Kind of have that glossed over and not made a big deal in the grand scheme of things Just kind of a little nudge to kind of say hey Yeah, this is still keeping the cult of thorn cannon all that stuff, but we're not gonna acknowledge it in a grand scale We're not gonna try to do too much more digging in that We're gonna put the we're gonna put the steering wheel back in the control of the shape He's gonna be mostly on his own this movie We can learn where Jane where Jamie was in between the events of 5 and resurrection and why she's back now what she's been through How she learned that Laurie was alive and now why she's back to get justice for Laurie and we could go from there And we could have a fun sequel to resurrection come out of that I'm not saying it would be perfect because of course on on paper Making a movie like that now. I think would be impossible for it to be perfect Especially if you were just completely do a sequel straight to resurrection now that movie. I think would be One of the more unfavorable movies if it were to be made but at the same time There's still a section of the fandom who would love to see it see what a resurrection We could also explore just a direct sequel Halloween 4 and still bring the character Jamie Lord back But at that point you wouldn't have Daniel Harris back in my head because I would rather see a direct sequel to 4 With Jamie maybe in an institution now I know Dave McCrae has talked about this at one point So you'd have to have Jamie as a child still which would mean you'd have to have someone else besides Jamie Lloyd or Daniel Harris playing her but who knows with all the magic movie magic And I know they have this thing going on with orphan kills where they're bringing the same actor back So who knows but let me know just think about that idea down in the comment section below if you haven't already Of course, make sure you subscribe turn on postification and miss a video in the description Social media accounts on Facebook Twitter and Instagram you can message me there, of course And then there's any movies news or reviews you're letting me to cover in the future light in my guys I will see you next video


In the spirit of getting everyone to the reception on time, I think we're going to get started. My name is Tom Tepper. I'm the associate dean for collections and technical services at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. And I'm joined by my colleague, Bill Mishow, who's the head of our Granger Engineering Library and Information Center, as well as holder of our Bertolt professorship. And we're here to talk about the shadow acquisitions budget, APCs and open access publications at a research university. Before we go on, a little bit of context. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a comprehensive land-grant institution. We have almost 50,000 total students. At this point, almost going on 15,000 graduate students and almost 1,900 faculty members. Our ICR income on campus in 2017 was $138 million. And our sponsored research in that same year was $462 million. That's just for that campus, not the whole system at this point. In terms of scholarly communications on campus and what's been happening with that, some of you may be aware that in about 2013, there was a member of our state legislature that actually tried to pass a resolution stating that all research at state institutions needed to be made open access, regardless of the type, book, journal, et cetera. That didn't go very far. And actually, the research universities in the state worked with that legislature to draft, legislate or to draft a new piece that changed the tone a little bit. And it went in the direction of requiring each campus to complete a study and begin drafting an open access policy and passing one of those. So we have an open access policy that was passed in 2016. It's very similar to the policy that the University of California system operates under. Now, the library has strong partnerships with campus research administration as well. The Illinois experts is our faculty profiling service that is actually run out of the university library as is the Illinois data bank. And in the spirit of walking the walk, I recently put a data set in there for a forthcoming publication, went through those steps, and it's been downloaded 30 times in the last two months. I don't know why. It's not that riveting. But in the library, we have a fair amount of support for open access overall. Our campus provided some of the leadership for the policy development itself. We've been heavily engaged in open digitization activities. We've supported acquisitions related OA and scholarly communications efforts like scope three archive and knowledge on latched. And we have a developing publishing program. We have however, no history of any direct support for APCs either at the library or the campus research administration level. And it's a little bit interesting and one might wonder why. In part, I think it stems from the financial situation in Illinois for a few years. You may recall, we had a bit of a dip. We had no budget for three years, I think it was in the state. And there's also been a bit of a skeptical view of APCs, especially when it comes to commercial publishers and their support for open access publishing. Were we going to just create another revenue stream for these publishers? So we really refrained from being engaged in that activity. About 12 to 18 months ago, Bill and I started having some conversations. And those conversations are really the root of where some of this work comes from. We started talking about various things like or various issues like, how much does Illinois pay in subvention fees? How would we begin tracking that or figuring that out if we wanted to? What are the opportunity costs for the institution in paying some of those fees? And should we be trying to look at those in some way? And rather than go through all of these, what I think we can do is start turning to Bill's portion where we go through the methodology a little bit and can begin talking about some of the findings. I think we can get back to some of these questions as we go through the methodology as Tom mentioned. So I think it's really important for us to know, to be better informed about OA activities on our campus. And this is useful now, particularly now, since we have the plan S and we have the OA 2020 program and paid forward. There's a lot of talk about a gold APC-based model for publishing. I think this is also useful as we negotiate contracts. There's been a lot of concern, a lot of activity around negotiating contracts where the portion of articles that a particular institution is contributing offsets the cost of the subscription. So you sometimes see this term offsetting or offsets. It's also an important element as we go through the contract negotiations with particular publishers. So there's been a number of studies that try to figure out how much percent, what percent of the literature is OA. Some of the older studies are really methodologically flawed. But there's been two or three studies which I've listed here in the last couple of years. Science Metrics was funded by NSF to actually try to make an estimate of the amount of articles that are being published that are open access or percent of the literature that's OA. They found that at least 50% of the articles became available in OA within 12 to 18 months. That's probably a little high based on what we were saying. Nice article in Peer J in 2018 which actually tried to calculate this in three different ways and found a wide range of percentage of articles that were open access or papers that were open access. Another article in 2018 in Journal of Informatrix where they actually looked at Google Scholar found that 54% were open access. What we found was something sort of in between also. Again, I wanna mention these open access initiatives. I don't know if you're familiar with Plan S that's a very hot topic right now and all of this serves. Actually kind of based on this OA 2020 started out as European projects kind of been embraced by California and other places but a lot of gold open access around APC costs. A lot of universities including us have invested a lot in gold OA and we're trying to measure these frequencies at UIUC. Now I think we're a pretty good representative of a typical art one institution. We have a less strong program in biomedical and medical that we're just starting a new medical school so that's gonna go up. We have a very strong program in physical sciences and engineering and social sciences where a lot of the OA activity is. All right, so the thing that's changed I think recently is that we finally have in place the tools and the services that kind of let us do this. I wanna show you one way that we actually try to calculate OA activity longitudinally but you can do this with other types of systems. We used our local CyveL pure database. How many people have pure here? Like a handful. Pure has a couple of nice ways to download metadata. One is their API which is really not very good but there's another way where you literally can download the metadata into spreadsheets and we took the spreadsheets, converted them into databases, relational databases so we can do SQL queries over them. So we took our CyveL pure database which was from 2013 to mid-2018 when we did the study a few months ago and pulled out 37,000 papers or articles or book chapters or books. From those 37,000 we determined that 27,000 were articles, journal articles. We excluded a random letters and editorials. So after we did that we were left with the 27,000. So this is 72.9% of all the publications. We're getting about 5,000 articles a year that our faculty are publishing which I think is typical for a lot of the institutions that are sort of an R-level, R1 level. So we're pulling out metadata which includes the title author, ISSN, EISN and DOI. DOI is extremely important. DOI is kind of the coin of the realm now. We can use DOIs and a lot of different API services and I'll show you how we're doing this here to extract information and make comparisons. We use APIs a lot in our discovery system. So then we took, downloaded the DOAJ database although we also use their API and Alricks open access or pull the open access records out of Alricks. And then we started looking to see how many of these are open access. So for the 27,000 articles we searched the ISSN, EISSN title against Alricks to get the gold and DOAJ to get the gold OA articles. DOAJ is the directory of open access journals. It has about 11,000 titles in it. Then we also searched the article DOI against Unpaywall, the Unpaywall API to determine OA availability. Unpaywall, let's just send a DOI to it and it'll come back and tell you what, if there is an open access version of that article and actually what the best open access version is. Unpaywall gives the typical gold and green OA matches. Also the hybrid matches and what they call bronze OA, the bronze OA type. Bronze OA is an open access article from a journal that's typically behind a paywall. So it's typically not a open access journal. They may not even allow hybrid payments for articles but they're making the article open for one reason or another. Some of these come and go which is one of the problems with using those. So then we also looked up the APC charges by looking at DOAJ database which has the APC charge. Max Planck has a nice website that lists all the OA APCs. And then what's cut off here, we actually all even looked at the journal website in some cases to try to figure out the APC costs. Again, we did not, this is important. We just took these base APC costs. We didn't pro rate for non-Ellinois co-authorship. We didn't try to calculate additional, we didn't know additional charges. Some journals, if you want color prints, still charge extra for page charges. Didn't differentiate between the faculty grad students. Didn't make any time adjustment for a moving wall or embargo period. Although you'll see when we show a chart later that you can see the articles that are a few years old, a higher percentage of them are open access. One important thing is, I've talked to a couple of faculty members recently. These APC charges are typically played, what I understand, I've talked to two faculty members, is that the APC charges are paid by the corresponding author. So in many cases, one of our authors or one of our faculty is the corresponding author, and they paid the APC charge. So they're not typically divided between institutions. In fact, one institution pays the charges. All right, here's some of the numbers. So we look at this database of 27,000 articles published between 2013, mid-2018. 13% are in gold OA journals. So 13%, which is a little bit lower than what you would expect, although again, these are not individual articles, they're at the journal level. And there were a total of 409 different gold journals. So there's a long tail. 205 of them had one article only.  Remember, gold OA does not require that the publisher charge an APC, an author processing charge. Gold OA by definition just means that the article's available free from the publisher website. However, only nine of the top 100 did not charge APCs. Four of them were journals that are in scope three, and we'll talk about that later. So they're really only five journals of the top 100 that are people publishing that are not charging APCs. So there's very few free lunches, very few of these gold OA journals that aren't charging author processing or article processing charge. We add up all the APC charges from these four to nine different journals. It comes to about $5 million over the five years, basically, 2013 to mid-2018. Average APC article charge is $1,511, just doing the average. This compares very fairably with a quote of 1,825 for Research One universities that was derived in the Don't Pay It Forward project. Scope three, I mentioned this earlier. For those of you who aren't familiar with this, CERN negotiates the tendu's office to 11 high-energy physics journals. We all contribute to that, or the libraries that used to subscribe to those journals. We actually had 569 articles published in those journals in 2013 to 2018. We have a very active high-energy physics program, the University of Illinois. This may be different at your institution. It's the one area that we may be specializing in that some R1 universities are not. Our assessment for a scope three last year was $10,203 that's come down over the last five years. But if you figure this over five years, it only averages $88 an article. At $1,500 an article, we'd be paying 900K. So the scope three model for OA is very inexpensive. Right now, it's the only high-energy physics that has this model. It's a lot of work for CERN to do this. They're basically collecting this money and negotiating with publishers for how much they're gonna give them. Gold L8% by year. You can see, this is kind of interesting. This kind of peaked in 2015. It's going down a little bit. This is a little misleading also in that these are the pure dates of loading, not necessarily publication dates. So that may even out, but that may actually be a factor. This actually reflects something that we've been told by faculty where they're getting concerned about APC charges because their discretionary funds are sinking. More ICI money's being taken off of grants and they're concerned about that. Hope people can see this. This is really the list of the top OA journals. The highest on the list is PLOS ONE, Public Library Size ONE. This is their peer-reviewed light journal. They publish about 25,000 to 30,000 articles a year from PLOS ONE, they charge $1,495 per article. Very interesting in that a couple of years ago I talked to the College of Engineering Department heads and they said basically that they would not accept articles for promotion tenure that were done in peer-reviewed light journals like PLOS ONE or APS Advances or other journals. I chiply also has one. Last year I talked to a faculty member who said, yes, they were looking at them now if they were cited heavily. So there's still a bit of a prejudice against these peer-reviewed light journals, but that's changing. And you can see we have a lot of articles being published in PLOS ONE. Two of the other top five here are high-energy physics journals. So we have 243 articles in journal high-energy physics. That is one that's under the scope three process. If you go down and look at nature communications, which is 164 articles. That charges $5,200 per article. So all together in the last five years we've put $852,000 into nature communications. The campus has, from grants or from discretionary funds. Because as Tom mentioned, library's not paying for any of that. Office of the Vice Chancellor of Research is not paying. Maybe some departments are. So very interesting. Again, if nature would have come to us five years ago and said we got a new journal that we want to charge you $110,000 a year for, I think our answer would have been that's very difficult for us to understand. But yet we are paying that kind of money as a campus of this. Down here to the next 16. At 35 we're down to 16 articles published over the five year period. You can see a lot of these are in the $2,000 range. Cell reports is $5,000. Interesting one in the middle here, number 23 is Chemical Science, which is the new ACS journal, which charges no APC fees. But it's very difficult to get an article accepted in that. We've had 23 articles accepted in that journal. That's the only one really in the top 30 here, other than the scope threes that do not charge APC. What are we doing for time? Very good. Hope you're saving up your questions. Now, so these are the gold OA journals, most of them will charge article processing charges, that's 13%. Now we went back and looked at all of the articles, again the 27,000, to see how many of them were open access by checking them against Unpaywall. There were a number of them, I don't remember the exact number, where we didn't have DOIs. So we actually went into CrossDraft, wrote another script that searched CrossDraft to try to pull out the DOI, that brought back another thousand or so. But the universe here is less than 27,000, it's about 25,800 articles that we have, articles and DOIs associated with that. So we looked those up in Unpaywall and found that about 41% of all the articles were available in an OA version. Either a gold OA version, green, for example, an institutional repository, a hybrid where it was at the publisher site, but author paid to make the article open access, or in this bronze category. So that 40.9% or 41% compares very favorably what we're seeing in the literature. If you look at Unpaywall themselves, saying it's between 27 and 47, Google Scholar studies showing 54, the site metrics studies showing about 50%. So it means that of all the articles in our SyVal pure instantiation implementation, 40.9, 41% of them are open access and available free of charge. We added the Unpaywall API into our discovery system. So if you look at our bento-based discovery system in Illinois, you'll see what we call open access links. These are links that we've got from Unpaywall by looking up the article DOI in the person's result set against the Unpaywall database, and we're putting those open access links up in addition to the Paywall links. I should also say there are some problems with the bronze Unpaywall data. So this 41% is an estimate, or it's an accurate figure based on the Unpaywall database, but there are some mistakes in the Unpaywall database, particularly some of these bronze articles that were open access for a short period of time, complimentary basis or introductory basis, may no longer be open access, but they still show up in the database. We've done some manual checking of that and found some of them, but then there are some things also that are not in DOAJ and not are in Paywall. D-Line Magazine, for example, isn't in either one, and those are open access articles, obviously. So this is representative, this is the Illinois numbers, in a lot of ways it's representative of the R1 institutions. Same thing here for the goal OA, you'll see the percentages kind of peaked in 2015 and 2016, and I'm sorry, this is the all OA, and it's going to be going down a little bit. All right, so this is our last slide, actually. This kind of repeats some of the questions that we have to the Tom's second slide. So we need to duplicate the study and other institutions or expand this. We could try to do this with all the BTAA, Big Ten Academic Alliance institutions and see what the differences are, be a good test in terms of differing disciplinary emphases at the different BTAA institutions. Again, we've got these tools now, so this can be done not only from Syval Pure, but it can be done from Web of Science Database, if you had it, or even a journal list of all the articles that were published by an institution or a Scopus database. We've done a lot with the Scopus API and on Paywall API also. So we mentioned one other thing, I think I mentioned earlier that we were getting some pushback. Recently, we talked to a couple of faculty members in our medical school, actually, who have been very active in terms of publishing. A couple of them have published a lot of articles, a number of those, 164 articles in nature communications. And they're getting a little upset. I mean, this is something they've brought up at the campus level. It's something that needs to be discussed. One person said, well, if I published three articles in Nature Com, that's actually one less grad student that I can hire to actually do real work. You're cutting my discretionary money, you're taking more ICR off, my grants are very tight, we don't have this kind of money. So this is a question I think a lot of institutions are going to have to address in the next couple of years. Particularly if we go to a Plan S model or OA 2020 model, where we're focusing on gold OA, somebody's gonna have to pay those charges. One of the things we've talked about is trying to take some money out of the library budget. But again, we don't, I don't think any of us want to be in situations where the library is deciding whether or not to pay somebody else's OA charge. So if we get 500 people on a publishing plus one, we're not gonna be able to, we should not be the arbiters of that to decide who we're gonna pay for and who we're not gonna pay for. So those are interesting questions. Tom, do you wanna say anything more about these questions? Well, yeah, I think certainly that opportunity cost is something that's important. I'm struck a little bit by the list of journals that is represented. They are very heavily weighted toward the STEM disciplines as one would expect. Yet just the other week, I had a conversation with a colleague in the library who was, who had a paper accepted and wanted to, in an open access publication and wanted to walk the walk. She wanted to take that step and one of the challenges she had was a $1,600 bill. Now, she doesn't have grant money to pay that. She does not have that same kind of funding. And if you create a fund that's going to support this and provide the same level of access to people regardless of whether they have grant money or not because we want to be equitable in some way, that creates a different challenge because one would anticipate there's going to be a growth in non-STEM related publications that are going in this direction. Frankly, the APCs for those who don't have a lot of grant money, who don't have endowed professorships, et cetera are probably a, they probably turn people off in some disciplines to publishing in an open access model. And we haven't even talked about faculty in developing countries who have a $5,200 bill for nature communications, that might be their research budget for a year. So I think one of the follow-ups to all of this though is a need to actually do some qualitative work with some faculty on campus as well to get an idea of how they feel about this and have more than just hallway conversations, have some data down about their particular feelings. So we have a little over five minutes. We have a question. That's really a great question. Sorry. Thank you.


And now let's have a look at the future perfect tense. The future perfect tense is used to talk about an action in the future that will be completed by a point in the future. Here we have for our positive form. Our subject in general, we're using the pronoun SHE here. So SHE WILL have finished. We're using the word WILL to indicate the future. We're using our helping verb or auxiliary verb HAVE and the past participle form of the main verb, in this case here, it's FINISH, which we've conjugated as FINISHED. SHE WILL have finished. In order to make the negative form, we simply add the word NOT between the word WILL and our helping verb HAVE. SHE WILL NOT have finished. And finally, we ask our question by starting with the word WILL, then using our subject, our auxiliary verb HAVE and our main verb FINISHED. WILL SHE HAVE FINISHED.