So coming over to our next talk tonight If you switch off your deck phone If you're full of different impressions Full of different impressions of this day you maybe want to watch TV But it would be cool to have pay TV unencrypted prey TV So Chris Galinsky asks himself the same and how to achieve unencrypted pay TV But the heck away So Chris reverse engineered nothing less than the signal and the encryption Foreign standard that remains unencrypted since the late 90s Please welcome with an anniversary edition applause applause for Chris Galinsky, welcome Hello together my name is Chris Galinsky. I come from Canada and I I want to talk about how I knocked down set top boxers and pay TV There are these set top boxers that will be used in North America That will also be used for satellite TV From the two largest Canadian providers It is certainly since the 80s And I was interested if I could understand this system If I can understand this system through the old boxes that have been there for 15 years And that's how I started to look at how the system works So before I get into digital television Before I get into the digital television These are actually pretty similar But there are different signal modulating modes There are two modes There are these 8 PSG and QPSG There is also an auto band channel That is QPSG, that is 2 megabits per second There is this management information for companies And while you are doing things and looking for different things This auto band can be used to manage the channels The video will be sent as MPEG 2 or as H246 That is a standard format for video streams That can be connected by any software decoder or hardware decoder The solution that is used here is DigiCypher 2 That is not a DVB standard The Transport Stream consists of 180 byte packages Each package has different properties And the information goes from 0 to 0XFF And I am in an MPEG Stream Or even more service information tables The service information tables have a 8-bit table ID And are up to 1024 bytes And the table ID identifies the data that no one can expect in the table And the tables also contains which programs And the program association Each has this mark table And this is where the control messages are sent And the keys are kept The system uses two ECMM types The ECMM 40 and ECMM 41 And there are additional tables that identify the ECMM stuff These messages are used for individual set-top boxes For individual boxes, for example Here is a hardware interface This QQPSG is not possible here And this QQPSG is also... And the Broadcom device provides the modulator What different modulations are supported It works relatively well The Linux drivers have to be recompiled And have to be patched But they were published For cables, there is this QAM modulation With this converter But the AutoBand channel is not supported In the cable boxes there is a chip set Because you have to use the data And you don't have to use the hardware This would only be used for pay-tv services For satellite and cable interfaces There is a lot of information here It's difficult to understand This DigiBus can't understand all the DigiCypher 2 tables Because it's not completely understood It was still quite helpful for me To understand this information better These different tools are built for this DVB standard But these things are not always standardized And we use this SCTE65 as our standard There is a virtual channel tab This is not a DVB standard Another adapter for cable TV Is this set-top box that I studied These cable cards are built earlier And this homeland As always, it has the Outrun cable To get to the data We put a cable card in I analyzed it with an inserted cable card And I did software for it To read it and randomize it And for output, there is an MPEG 4 stream To run the software, the open family is a 2 megabit And inside are the conditional access management messages And in this stream are all the access management information So in each package there are two bits They say if something is capsulated or not And these different DCs were DC1 The oddities in use while the even keys are updated And then the same keys are used And the same are renewed And it is chased by a descrambler And the result is an MPEG stream The descrambler uses a 65-bit desk key And it changes from 30ms to 1s The function key is used to increment the packages Of the program key And this is connected to the category key And the program key is unique for every channel And for everything you look at And all the set-top boxes that have the authorization have this key The category is sent to each top box And this category key changes every month Some don't change in the week To use these AMMs for unclosed seed keys Each set-top box has three 56-bit seed keys They are manufactured and use this set-top box All of these seed keys are manufactured All of these key changes are used Inside each set-top box you can see all of these different tools There is a real transport stream This transport stream comes through this ACP Through this MPEG decoder to the TV There is an ACP bus that is used With ACP and MPEG decoder to speak And even if this set-top box doesn't have a stream You can still, there are so many bundles between the two There is also a TV pass-lot where you can upgrade everything But the newer set-top boxes don't have this TV pass-lot They won't be used anymore It's very similar to a cable It's really similar to a satellite set-top box It comes through a Broadcom chip for demodelling And also for MPEG decodering There is a 68k main controller That also speaks to ACP and STB through this MPEG And also to this non-volatile storage system There is also a second tuner where you can get out-of-band And it will be used separately as a main tuner And that's why you can get program guides System information Here we see the ACP chip It's a 100 pin chip From the description We can see that it's an industrial chip All the connections are from this chip The newer boxes use newer versions I studied this chip here As long as the... This has always been a relevant target Because if these chips are used And the newer set-top boxes don't have this chip And we don't know if there is new security control Or something else Maybe cost control or something The pin 1 is on the left And the battery backup pin There is a transfer stream input That gets the data from the demodulator And then there is the output from 27 to 32 That sends the data to the MPEG decoder And then to the TV At one point I wrote a software for it Not for this grade, but for another similar one It supports send and receive data from 32 Mbit stream My implementation was a bit ugly But instead of cleaning it up I was able to use it It has a few limitations like 64 kilobits for the demodulation But it was enough for my research You showed me that this transport stream Through this ACP gate But some chips are unblocked And then this output is all The demodulation is decapsulated Later on when I did more thorough research Later on when I did more thorough research Where I made the whole thing with a breakout board And the whole time I used it It was easier to use this chip So that you had the whole thing Here you can see what I used for the SPI To see this data pass Through this STP and ACP On this development board I made two slave ports One is connected to the MPEG The other is connected to an input And the other is connected to an output port If I have to do it directly to the ACP or STP controller I just have to talk to one interface If I wanted to keep this STP in reset I could talk to this MPEG with ACP By cutting the data flow You could read the whole thing The whole thing is transferred to the SPI The events are filtered to the addresses That the box itself has The box contains only messages That means the keys that are used And the addresses that are used And which subscriptions are free Additionally via the SPI interface With this SPI interface It says which pins have to be unclogged And it only receives category keys That are encrypted within EMM SPI It only receives category keys That are connected to the STP chip And it has to be connected to the SPI So next I started a deep study Of this chip with a micro-scope That cost $100,000 to $100,000 And the electron micro-scope cost more than $100,000 This is the midi-teuer FS70 micro-scope That I own That are used for micro-pro and other things But I didn't use a micro-scope But I used this micro-scope You could also use more basic technology It would be better to use more advanced technologies And I also used this electron micro-scope It's good to develop for WAV But you could always pay more money for it I paid about $10,000 for it For all my devices To see this chip under the micro-scope I had to develop this chip You never use a nitro acid To remove the package Then you clean the whole thing And use cleaning alcohol To clean the whole thing The gas is very aggressive And you have to be very careful How you start it Most people probably didn't want to do it at home So you should probably go to the university And do it there After the decision What was common were the chips with the cable And as you can see in the picture You can see the larger structures of the chip Half of it is covered with a metal plate And the other one is an electronic switch This is a picture of it From different smaller pictures When you look at it You see the bond pads on the outside A metal plate on the top And this pasteuric logic on the bottom There are some structures That may be in the storage zone To understand more You have to do different layers You can use hydrofluoric acid And also rustain removal This is a hydrofluoric acid solution And then it is heated And then you put this dye And then it is a little bit burnt The result is not perfect But some places are deeper than the others But it works quite well You don't want to dampen it So be really careful with it After a short time You could see the whole thing After you cleaned it and washed it The top metal plate is gone You can see some visual effects That we saw That the thing is not smooth anymore But you could sort it out quite well The top left is the big right cover It is in RAM And then there is logic That pulls it all into the logic I was interested in finding How the bits were encoded in ROM And then I had to Take a layer from it So I took another layer Then you can see more effects Of the etching Which is still too bad After a third dip in the link After a third de-layering process It is still a little bit Not perfect About half of the top Is still there It is almost completely taken away At the time I did the project I didn't have the polisher available So I was relying only on the wet Some of the areas were wrong I couldn't smooth it out And I had only this method available So I continued to add further The etching was wrong So I continued to add further layers To make it better Now you can see the bits better And here you can see When the black is a 1 And when the white is a 0 The better the photograph The better you can see the bits But it doesn't have to be perfect You can add some image processing And you can do that more With more chips To photograph these And then you have the whole frame Clean and you can see it With the photographs And now you can Take it out Like a manual or with a software It's 162,000 bits So manuals would be A bit of work It's not impossible But a lot of work So software was a better solution So I wrote a bit of software To recognize the 0, 0, 1 The blue are 1 The yellow are 0 And then I have The whole thing With a manual And after the extraction After the extraction I made a vinyl version Here is a picture Of this This picture Is black for 1 And white for 0 And I made it And then you can See it And that means That this room is not closed Or scrambled And here you can see The end of the room Due to a repeated pattern Of philip bytes That are the next Used part Of this room These things Are on the reset address And The whole thing is a philip byte And The numbers are fff6 Ff6 to fff And then you can Give the whole thing as a hex dump That you can look at What it is And there is a ASCII string What is very nice Because then you can See if you have The right decoding And now It is quite simple You just have to do the bytes And go on With the ROM dump You could run the software analysis On it The first thing you have to do Is to see the process architecture To see if you can Look at the RAM On an 8-bit structure And slowly I tried to do that With an IEU556 And With the other I took the whole thing Of the same manufacturer The The On this old chip Of the NWC Copyright You can see it on this chip In the microscope That would be a very good Something I should have noticed earlier I used Ideas Because it is a very strong disassembler You can Surely read 6500 Sets Under this simulation I used it To understand it better Because 6500 Is quite well understood It is quite simple To find a simulator It is usually in Also like Commodore 64 And Atari used it There is a lot for it As I understood it better I have Some more Capability That you found in ACP In the simulator What you first noticed In this disassembler There are two modes For that There is A personalization mode Or an application mode If it is normal For example In a setup box First made In a power plant What I noticed Is that this is not Simple disassembling It was a Task switching To handle processing Process switching There are 8 tasks That run At the same time And there are 2 To process the ECM 40 message 2 to process the 41 One Task for EMM Processing And one for TVPASS And one for the SPI interface There is a 7th Task for SPI Messages to Unlocked There is no documentation There is no documentation For all these Different systems And you have to Understand all the Register Random And then a signal That indicates That the transfer is Complete There is a desktop That registers the key And When the key is Complete you can read it There is a TS Discrambler That Is on the serial Transport interface Discrambler These main controllers Make the PID filter That Means Which things are Unlocked The ECMs are Set in frame And then The main processor Is one of them Now I understand a bit better How this system is connected I analyzed this MPEG SPI bus Also I made a A whole room Domped for this Simulation I have Some The keys That are always In the room Every Set up box Unlocked That are already Unlocked At this point Now I don't understand The Seed keys Categories and programs That are only In RAM Made And so I can't Watch other programs Demo programs A Work key Is Three different ECM 40 Messages There is A service ID frame count And A lock mode Frame count Is 24 bits And one bit That is A special lock mode Key The ECM 41 Is a lock program key That is used to Unlock the package The provider ID Of Which ECM Should be processed There is a service ID And then there is a category epoch That identifies Which category key is used And how long the whole Is still valid The whole thing is used Several Subscription Levels That are written on the ECP And they are also There is a Crypto and closing select Byte that I will tell you later Here is what you can see In a half second The ECM 41 channel Will show The ECM First A ECM 40 To build a key With this Another ECM 41 Message Without To make these two steps It is not possible To close A short period of time And all that Would happen in a half second These ECM Are built in four different parts Each Each part has a bit of information For this Set-top box This category lock Is built by all four Parts And if they do not Are allowed If this first ECM The first part Is for this Reset information And then put in a new one And if this second part Is Is made a hash Of this input Of this first and second part And then This information is Stuck in the ACP And if it does not Write it Is Unnulled In this way These four messages are connected And if one does not arrive This is an example of the EMM All the four EMM parts Have information Like the EMM Address And the EMM Can keep two categories For now And for the next If the category changes That's why the next key Is ready The seed keys Are used By the ACP The cinema interface Is installed EMMs are not In-band But they are exactly the same Like satellite And cable systems Now we can Do channels That are made With fixed keys The fixed keys Are known Because they are contained in ROM Fixed keys are made in ROM There is The possibility That we did not have The right key Because maybe we have A process But there was a checksum That showed That the key was right If I try A fixed key Cannot be used Or something else I did not do that I noticed That this bit That ACM 40 Was not Made In my simulation And so now I thought That maybe there is another connection That is To understand What is in ACM I had to try to glitch this chip A little bit I would Write the speakers And Check another Condition Check time And So I There was an internal Internal ear That we could not Do a timing glitch attack The The stronger attacks Against such attacks are Newer That is why I built this on this Breadboard I used the X Mega To try to get this chip To glitch And I I looked If I If I switch between Changes the glitch So I used these two Voltage mode A glitch mode And a normal voltage I also used an oscillator To To increase the time And to To To To To To To To To To To To To It has to be a glitch or to have a different voltage, then glitch, and then a response from the ACY. I sent two different information, my strategy was only to use less and less voltage to see what's going on or not. So then I could change ACP back information. If something is strange from ACP, information from Valid checksum is, it will always go back to normal voltage. Here we can see that the later the glitch comes, the behind bytes will change. At this point it looks as if the glitch would work and we could use it. Since I had an effective glitch, since I had a functioning glitch, I just built a board that has the same function as the glitcher so that I can make it more reliable. Now my goal is to have my code to run there. All code and memory share the same address space. All code and memory are the same memory space. The software in ROM, as I could read the DSM code, there was no paging feature. The RAM will never be used in order to be stored in the exe. In fact, it wasn't clear if there's anything to do with it. It wasn't clear if something prevents the exe from being stored in the RAM. So I sent a message via SPI to know that this thing is stored in the RAM. It has the assembler code that would send me a message. So I would make this a payload, then I could get information from the SPI to improve it. Do I need an opcode that would send me my destination code? That led to the fact that there were several functions. Every unnatural program flow would have been a possibility to access it. Every chip without memory management is a very good starting point for remote code execution of some RAM jumps. The ECPs are from NTRU, which I know that you're having uncertainty. But my glitch is that there's a little bit of time and uncertainty. Then I have to try it again, a lot of times. There's a lot of things that I'm not so sure I can reach my destination so I have to do it a lot of times. But sometimes it's good. I got an ACP from ACP pretty quickly. That means I made a good glitch. After a few hours I could do it in just minutes or seconds. Then I could run code in RAM and send new code to RAM. Now I can do other things. I would leave all the operations that are available on a chip. I wrote a simple application to look for such glitches. This program allows me to enter a data reader and give me the data back. There's also the support that you can write a key. I noticed a few things at this point. There's 2 kilobytes of RAM. If I try to read this, the RAM resets. These are the initialization methods of the manufacturer. They're not used after the initialization. If you want to save something, you can't do anything with it. There are some addresses in RAM that you can't read. Some keys are in there and some unreadable keys are in there. When a chip is resetted, you have to glitch again. My hacking code is only in temporary RAM. Because we can send something to the ACP without anything. Comparing the results of the optical ROM extraction with proper dump. If I dump something from my optical ROM to my software glitching routine. Many of the errors were clear. At the beginning when I was reading the software, I could repair it with a bitflip. I could probably find half of the RAM errors while disassembling. The interesting keys are only stored in the RAM. These are the program keys, the seed keys. If the keys disappear from the RAM, we could never work with it again. If the ACP is used, the connection with the other components is impossible. Because the ACP has to be connected to the other components. You have to make sure that you don't lose the power. You lose the RAM. I tried to take the ACP because it still gets power. So I made it with RASIR and Dremel. You can put it under a pin. And then with hot air, it will be removed slowly. Then I made the battery. And then I connected an external battery. After I connected an external battery, the chip can be removed from the box. And then it can be glitched and then brought back into the box. The interesting thing about this is that if you extract the keys, you don't have to replace the chip. The chip will be placed on the breakout board and transferred to the glitcher. We only need a few pins. The glitcher is in between the project box. The functionality is the same. The timing of the chip is different. The timing of the chip is different. Now we can read the RAM content. We can even connect the carderies and the seed keys that are used to connect to the AMM. With a valid carderie key, you can build keys for each channel. Now I can run my own code on the ACP. Now I have to analyze this transport stream and connect it. You can see that there is a bit where you can either use a different block CBC or normal DES connection mode. Now I thought I might have to do a gate level analysis. But I don't want to do a reverse analysis because it's not particularly good. So I would like to understand how to solve all these things better. By flipping one bit in encrypted input, ECB, TDC, or OFD modes, it's differentiated. So now if I only have one bit changed, I can see which DES mode will be used. And then I can be sure that either the CBC or something else is used. Then I have noticed what the clock times are, whether it is changed in my normal mode and my glitch mode. And that's not particularly necessary because it actually has to be made in real time. Also by using ACP as a decryption oracle, I have used this ACP as an unforeseen oracle. Next, I tested the software using desktops. I used the software to test weaker keys because the properties are weaker than the cryptography. And the encryption and decryption are the same result. So I can test this and give the same result. And I can see if I can understand these weak properties of the keys. And if I use a weak key, I will see that the closed information and the unclosed information has completely changed. And that means that the normal desktops can be seen as a normal desktops. But there is something that is customized, something to do with data and something to do with the key. So two different things. But now I think that it might only have to do with the key. So now I thought maybe it's an XOR mask or something like that. That might only need a gate with desktops hardware. If I... The more changed bits I have, I wrote this before, I wrote this before, I wrote the 16 bits. They are different bit flips in the key to test the results. It would have been possible in a short time, but it was the best thing that I liked. And some of these blocks I have only flipped three bits. build a few seconds to verify the software and all that. This simple brute force method worked, it worked for a few days, but after that you could see the pattern. This technique would have been faster in less than a second. After my first customization, I thought that one or more Actors or Gate is the name of each bit of the 8-bit hardware register. The individual XOR gates are controlled by a hardware key and there are several XOR gates that are controlled by these hardware regressors. And you could verify the whole thing and it worked just as expected. I have already seen the whole thing, the whole thing against pirates who know how to use it, but it was never necessary until now. In order to implement a soft cam, a software-used unforeseen law, but now I have all the tools to do that. We have the initialization vector, which we can notice pretty quickly. With all this information, we can make a software model. And the transport stream controller can also be implemented in software. You could implement a discriminant software and the hardware customization but overall, the whole thing is the same. Now it's all working. I think it will test it and then it will work. It will bring that broad cams before the review event goes live. The review is all on their channel. The standard picture that you see when a page event goes online, like a UFC fight, or a set top box, any level of offer, I could read out any seed-key, no matter with which territory, and I could broadcast every channel of this provider. There are a few things, the weakness of this system. One is really old technology, more than almost 20 years. That's why it was a bit easier to analyze. This TQFP100 package is pretty easy to analyze. It's a little bit of a fail for voltage glitching. It has a new architecture that doesn't prevent you from getting remote code as a solution. There's no way to get code updates. And the crypto is completely in hardware and you can't update it in the field. The hardware crypto was basically able to get the hardware customization. And you could practically rate the hardware without looking at the chip. I was impressed with the design of the system. I think it was stronger than I anticipated when I started the project. All the key handling is on top of the single chip, which makes it impossible to get it out of some of the hardware systems. I do these keys and want to read them out. The keys are changed very quickly. 103 milliseconds is damn fast. And the short lifetime of the keys can't be knocked out in real time. And there's no way to save your time on the back door. I listed this also as a weakness. Because there's no way to change the system. The system works on its own clock, which prevents you from getting a clock text. It's pretty difficult to notice. If you try to read a key, if you read a dead address, then this key will be reset. So it's a canary. There's a personalization space where you can write or not read. The keys are only in RAM, and then you always have to use batteries for it. You can't simply get these keys. There's no group built key. You can only get this key from an active setup box. But if you have a key from a used channel, you can get an AMM key so that you can read all the channels. So if you only have access to one channel. The software is generally well written. I don't have a real flaw. Although that is used, several rounds of that are done with three keys. The part is not as easy as a 56-bit key. You need a working key, a program key, a category key, and a seed key. You might wonder how many setup boxes it took for me to read. The truth is, I only needed one. I only needed one wagon full. A few of the boxes have different board layouts and different chips. The cost of the setup boxes was low, around $20 per box. I had three years by focusing on the cost of the dirty and dirty parts on how I read the setup features from the expensive setup boxes. I don't recommend you pirate cable or satellite cable. I don't recommend you pirate cable or satellite cable. I don't recommend you pay for a... There is nothing interesting about what's going on. Do we have questions from the room? Questions, please use the microphones. I know there is one question from the interwebs. Please use the microphone. Okay, that's working. The first question from the internet is, how many chips did you destroy or make unusable and how did you get all those setup boxes? How many chips did you use? I think the set boxes were quite low. Because the boxes were quite cheap, I broke several chips in the process. It didn't take as much as I thought at the beginning. I needed two or three chips for the decapulation and the de-layering effect. I ended up extracting the wrong chips. I could be glitching to learn three or four chips that you moved the erase app from to build the glitch. I talked about the point where I was extracting the keys from a valid chip, the very first chip that I tried to work with and they were recapable. Thank you. Microphone 3 was the first one, please. How many years did this project take? How many years did this project take? I worked on it for a few weeks, took a break, took a break and came back to it. Most of it was over one or two years. Thank you. Microphone 2, please. Hi, thank you for a great lecture. The content description was DES and not DVB-CSA. Why didn't they use DES, not DVB-CSA? The American don't believe in standards. In North America, we didn't stand out. Thanks. The timing was also a part of it. The system was being developed at the same time as DVB was being standardized. The time was also a difference when DVB was standardized. That's why they took it. Thank you. And another one from CyberCyber. Another question from the internet is your question of the internet. How were you able to afford that? How was it possible? Could you all get these very expensive things? How much did it cost? I'm really interested. I'm doing it professionally. I've collected the time. If possible, I use the money from some customer to buy cool things for my lab. But to do the work, because it was cheaper, you could take cheaper things. For example, a microscope for 1,000 to 2,000 euros. It's not easy, but it's not too much money for a lab. What do you do other than reverse engineering? Reverse engineering. Thank you. And the internet, again. Okay, next question is somebody wants to know how, well, which software did you use for the automated image analysis? And how can you use it? And how can you find it? Like everybody else who I know who did something like that, I wrote my own software. For image processing, it was quite simple. It didn't require any higher algorithms. I used my own software which I haven't released so far. And how did you keep the boxes subscribed? How many of you can use these set-up boxes? How many of you have a good valid subscription? For most research, I don't need an active box. That's why I first figured it out and I knew how to keep from that one box. And when I had the process out, I used one of them. Did you hear something about the microphone? No, I didn't. Thank you very much for this lecture. And the question is how does the glitching affect the glitching attack? For the glitcher, I dropped the voltage for a very brief period of time. It caused the glitch on instruction to not execute properly, but it caused the time to function correctly. I noticed an instruction, but the chip is not resetted. I'm not actually sure. But I'm not sure how I got the code into the Rambler. I just found out how to do it. I got the code, but that's enough for me. Thank you, Chris. A round of applause for Chris Glinski.


Hello everyone, we're here at the Data Cloud Summit and we had a real treat for you. I call it the CMO Power Panel. And we're going to explore how data is transforming marketing, branding, and promotion. And with me are three phenomenal marketing pros and chief marketing officers. Denise Person is the CMO of Snowflake Scott Holden of ThoughtSpot and Laura Langdon of Wipro. Folks, great to see you. Thanks so much for coming on theCUBE. Great to be here with you, David. Yeah. Awesome, Denise. Let's start with you. I want to talk about the role and the changing role of the CMO. It's changed a lot, of course, with all this data. But I wonder what you're experiencing and can you share with us why marketing especially is being impacted by data? Well, data is really what has helped turn us marketers into revenue drivers into cost centers. And it's clearly a much better place to be. What I'm personally most excited about is the real-time access we have to data today. In the past, I used to get a stale report a few weeks after a marketing program was over. And at that time, right, we couldn't make any changes to the investments we've already made. Today, we get data in the midst of running a program so we can reallocate investments at the time a program is up and running. And that's really profound. Today as well, I would say that adaptability has truly become the true superpowers of marketing today. And data is really what enables us to adapt to scale. We can adapt to customers' behavior and preferences at scale. And that's truly a profound new way of working as well. That's interesting what you say, because, you know, in tough times, it used to be, okay, sales and engineering. Put a brick wall around those. And, you know, the aim at marketing, say, okay, cut. But now it's like you go to marketing and say, okay, what's the data say? How do we have to pivot? And Scott, I wonder, what have data and cloud really brought to the modern marketer that you might not have had before through this modern era? Well, it's this era, I don't think there's ever been a better time to be a marketer than there is right now. And the primary reason is that we have access to data and insights like we've never had before. And I'm not exaggerating when I say that I have 100 times more access to data than I had a decade ago. It's just phenomenal. When you look at the power of cloud, search, AI, these new consumer experiences for analytics, we can do things in seconds that used to take days. And so it's become, as Denise said, a superpower for us to have access to so much data. And it's, you know, COVID's been hard. A lot of our marketing teams who've never worked harder making this pivot from the physical world to the virtual world, but they're, you know, at least we're working. And the other part of it is that digital has just created this phenomenal opportunity for us because the beauty of digital and digital transformation is that everything now is trackable, which makes it measurable and means that we can actually get insights that we can act on in a smarter way. And, you know, it's worth giving an example if you just look at this show, right? Like this event that we're doing. In a physical world, all of you watching at home, you'd be in front of us in a room and we'd be able to know if you were in the room, right? We'd track to the scanners when you walked in, but that's basically it. At that point, we don't really get a good sense for how much you like what we're saying. You know, maybe you filled out a survey but only 5 to 10% of people ever do that. In the digital world, we know how long you stick around.  And so the bar for content has gone way up as we do these events, but we know how long people are sticking around. And that's what's so special about it. You know, Denise and her team, as the hosts of this show, they're gonna know how long people watch this segment. And that knowing is powerful.  You're gonna know what's working and what's not. And that's something that you can take and act on in the future. And that's what customers are doing. So, you know, Snowflake and ThoughtSpot, we share a customer with Bulu and they're tracking programs. So what people are watching at home, how long they're watching, what they're watching next. And they're able to do that in a super granular way and improve their content as a result. And that's the power of this newer world we live in that's made the cloud and data so accessible to folks like us. Well, thank you for that. And I want to come back to that notion and understand how you're bringing data into your marketing ops. But I want to bring Laura in. Laura, Wipro, you guys partner with a lot of brands, a lot of companies around the world. I mean, thousands of partners, obviously Snowflake and ThoughtSpot are too. How are you using data to optimize these co-marketing relationships, you know, specifically? What are the trends that you're seeing around, around things like customer experience? So, you know, we use data for all of our marketing decisions, our own as well as with our partners. And I think what's really been interesting about partner marketing data is, we can feed that back to our sales team, right? So it's very directional for them as well in their efforts moving forward. So that's a place where specifically to partners, it's really powerful. We can also use our collective data to go out to customers to better effect. And then, you know, regarding these trends, we just did a survey on the state of the intelligent enterprise. We interviewed 300 companies, US and UK. And there were three interesting, I thought statistics relevant to this. Only 22% of the companies that we interviewed felt that their marketing was where it needed to be from an automation standpoint. So lots of room for us to grow, right? Lots of space for us to play. And 61% of them believe that it was critical that they implement this technology to become a more intelligent enterprise. But when they ranked readiness by function, marketing came in six, right? So HR, R&D, finance were all ahead of marketing. It was followed by sales. You know, and then the final data point that I think was interesting was 40% of those read that while the technology was the most important thing, I thought leadership was critical. You know, and I think that's where marketers really can bring, you know, our tried and true experience to bear and merge it with this technology. Great, thank you. So Denise, I've been getting the Kool-Aid injection this week around data cloud. I've been pushing people, but now that I have the CMO in front of me, I want to ask about the data cloud and what it means specifically for the customers. What are some of the learnings maybe that you've experienced that can support some of the things that Laura and Scott were just discussing? Yeah, as Scott said before, right? He had a hundred times more data than he ever has before. And that's, again, if you look at all the companies we talk to around the world, it's not about the amount of data that they have that is the problem, it's the ability to access that data. That data for most companies is trapped across Silas, across the organization. It sits in data applications, sits in the records. Some of that data sits with your partners that you want to access. And that's really what the data cloud comes in. The data cloud is really mobilizing that data for you. It brings all that data together for you in one place. So you can finally access that data and really provide ubiquitous access to that data to everyone in your organization that needs it and can truly unlock the value of that data. And from a marketing perspective, I mean, we are responsible for the customer experience we provide to our customers. And if you have access to all the data on your customers, that's when you have that customer 360 that we've all been talking about for so many years. If you have all that data, you can truly look at their buying behaviors, put all those dots together and create those exceptional customer experiences. You can do things such as the retailers do in terms of personalization for instance, right? And those are the type of experiences that our customers are expecting today. They are expecting a 100% personalized experience for them all the time. And if you don't have all the data, you can't really put those experiences together at scale. And that's really where the data cloud comes in. Again, the data cloud is not only about mobilizing your own data within your enterprise, it's also about having access to data from your partners or extending access to your own data in a secure way to your partners within your ecosystems. Yeah, so I'm glad you mentioned a couple of things. I've been writing about this a lot and particularly the 360 that we were dying for, but haven't really been able to tap. I didn't call it the data cloud. I don't have a marketing gene. I had another sort of boring name for it, but I think there's similar vectors there. So I appreciate that. Scott, I want to come back to this notion of building data DNA in your marketing, fluency and how you put data at the core of your marketing ops. I've been working with a lot of folks in banking and manufacturing and other industries that are struggling to do this. How are you doing it? What are some of the challenges that you can share and maybe some advice for your peers out there? Yeah, sure. You brought up this concept of data fluency and it's an important one. And there's been a lot of talk in the industry about data literacy and being able to read data. But I think it's more important to be able to speak data, to be fluent. And as marketers, we're all storytellers and when you combine data with storytelling, magic happens. And so getting a data fluency is a great goal for us to have for all of the people in our companies. And to get to that end, I think one of the things that's happening is that people are hiring wrong and they're thinking about it, they're making some mistakes. And so a couple of things come to mind. When I, especially when I look at marketing teams that I'm familiar with, they're hiring a lot of data analysts and data scientists and those folks are amazing and every team needs them.  The second key thing is that you're basically giving your frontline folks, your marketing managers or people in the front lines an excuse not to get involved with data. And I think that's a big mistake because it used to be really hard, but with the technologies available to us now, these new consumer like experiences for data analytics, anybody can do it. And so we as leaders have to encourage them to do it. And I'll give you just an example. I've got about 32 people on my marketing team and I don't have any data analysts on my team. Across our entire company, we have a couple of analysts and a couple of data engineers. And what's happening is the world is changing where those folks, they're enablers, they architect the system, they bring in the different status forces. They use technologies like Snowflake has been so great at making it easier for people to put technology together and to get access to data out of it quickly. But they're pulling it together and then simple things like, hey, I just want to see this weekly instead of monthly. You don't need to waste your expensive data science talent. Gartner puts a stat out there that 50% of data scientists are doing basic visualization work. That's not a good use of their time. The products are easy enough now that everyday marketing managers can do that. And when you have a marketing manager come to you and say, I just figured out this campaign which looks great on the surface, is doing poorly from an ROI perspective, that's a magic moment. And so we all need to coach our teams to get there. And I would say, lead by example, give them an opportunity to access data and turn it into a story, that's really powerful. And then lastly, praise people who do it. Like use it as something to celebrate inside our companies is a great way to kind of get this initiative started. I love it. You're talking about democratizing data, making itself service, people feel ownership. You know, Laura, Denise was talking about the ecosystem and you're kind of the ecosystem pro here. How does the ecosystem help marketers succeed? Maybe you can talk about the power of many versus the resource of one. Sure, I think it's a game changer and it will continue to be. And I think it's really the next level for marketers to harness this power that's out there and use it. And it's something that's important to us but it's also something we're starting to see our customers demand. We went from a one size fits all solution to they wanna bring the best in class to their organization. And we all need to be really agile and flexible right now. And I think this ecosystem allows that. You know, you think about the power of a snowflake mining data for you and then a thought spot really giving you the dashboard to have what you want. And then of course an implementation partner like a whip row coming in and really being able to plug in whatever else you need to deliver. And I think it's really super powerful. And I think it gives us, you know it just gives us so much to play with and so much room to grow as marketers. Thank you.  We're almost out of time here but marketing, art, science, both. What are your thoughts? Definitely both. I think that's the exciting part about marketing. It is a balancing act between art and science. Clearly it's probably more science today than it used to be but the art part is really about inspiring change. It's about changing people's behavior and challenging the status quo, right? That's the art part, the science part. That's about making the right decisions all the time, right? Making sure we are truly investing in what's going to drive revenue for us. Guys, thanks so much for coming on theCUBE. Great discussion, really appreciate it. Okay, and thank you for watching. Keep it right there. Wall-to-wall coverage of the Snowflake Data Cloud Summit on theCUBE.


What's going on guys got Kyle here with late in sports cards. We are ripping one box 2023 Star Wars chrome hobby and this one is for Cameron L Good luck Cameron. Let's see what we got. Let's see some nice autos here. Let's see a dual or a triple auto See a sketch. Maybe I haven't pulled a sketch out of here yet. I'll be fun I'm a big fan of sketches out of Star Wars products. I got a few myself For staffings up 16 seconds in the F1 race right now. That's a lot That is a lot on a short track. All righty. Good luck Cameron Let's see some low numbers here. Sorry with the Darth Vader. It's start there The creepy-looking Darth Vader 2 on this one got Omega on our first refractor Got Darth Vader with the half-open head, bro. Kind of wild There's a DJ from rope one there on the refractor a Yoda sketch from massuric. That's awesome. My favorite one's a I have a Chewbacca one. It's like a full-color one. It's really cool-looking. I got that from chrome legacy I think there's a grogu insert refractor Think it was chrome legacy might have been galaxy up for that one actually. I don't remember There's a refractor bucket. There's a grogu the seeding stone. There's a manga madness of Luke there He's sick-looking card and monikers that snips so katana's nickname didn't know that The more you know oh and Lars got another grogu refractor insert Yeah, they got the new show coming out right Cameron Coming out pretty soon-ish. There's general Hux on the refractor You choke a live-action show. Yeah, I'm pretty excited for that. I'll definitely give that a watch There's grease dried us refractor. That's a sketch die-cut sketch card and it's salacious be crumb On the die-cut sketch That is a crazy-looking sketch It's a die-cut manga sketch card Let's go Cameron on the salacious be crumb die-cut sketch When he don't hear for the laugh Very nice start to the day for us here Cameron. We asked for one. We got one Very nice. That is some sweet art to man. That is very intricate Very intricate there. That's awesome, man. Yeah, that is the manga die-cut sketch card there. Heck. Yeah Got a c3po monikers Heck yeah, Cameron. That's a sick one looks like me when I wake up Wahoos man. There's a grogu insert Yeah, I was sick one right Keith. I hadn't seen the die-cut one I've seen a couple of them maybe that are shaped like a like stormtrooper helmets or something like that I hadn't seen one shape like that kind of like a book. There's Jar Jar on the refractor. Very nice hit there Cameron Great start to the day. Look at that one mag for you. It's for sure There's a refractor of rose tico now when it's to 199 on the aqua Rose tico to 199 got a Darth Vader refractor now. I Saw what it was like the the actual die-cut shape confused me. There's a Poe Dameron I was thinking maybe one of the Thought on one of those kyber crystals one of those have you guys seen those cards? They're like super short printed I'm trying to find one. There's a manga madness Yoda there and a grogu The kyber crystal short prints look pretty sick. They're uh, they're unknown to die-cut in the series Haven't seen one yet though Another grogu grogu's choice. We're stopping up 17 seconds. Good Lord There's a refractor stained glass Lando and grand inquisitor Refractor or is a wrecker a moniker's of wrecks. There's Darth Sidious monikers the emperor Raise what raised grandpa is that what we decided in the last movie? I still don't really know There's a grogu insert meeting the Mandalorian raised grandpa. I think Darth Sidious Didn't really fully get that didn't really fully get that to be honest Okay auto here it is gonna be Hera cindula on the auto Hera cindula That from uh, it's Vanessa Marshall as hair of cindula some rebels. I guess Star Wars rebels there other grogu insert from rebels. I got your okay. That's what I thought it was either rebels or clone Wars. That's the two animated shows so Cat Bane refractor. Yeah, I think they do. I think they do do both snowballs when you get a sketch. It's just an extra There's a manga madness Boba Fett and the Mandalorian on the back refractor Alrighty camera that'll do it for your one box of Star Wars chrome really nice one there. I'll get that sketch magged out for you Thank you so much. We'll get it right out to you


Y cwestiwn yw'r ffotos 7, 8, 5, 3, o defnyddio Tom Arthur yng Nghymru i'w prifwyr Ffotos. Rwy'n ei ddweud i'w ffoto. Rwy'n ei ddweud i'w ffoto i'w prifwyr, Gilyn Martin. Mae arbydd yn chi'n gwybod yn cwmwys yw'r ffoto, Jess. Mae'n ddiwybod yn llwyaf i'w rwyngo'i drwg. Rwy'n i'w rwy'n i'w rwyngo'i drwg, Jackie Dunbar. I have a slow connection, and I am not sure if my vote has been recorded or not. I can confirm that it has been recorded, Ms Dunbar. The result of the vote on motion 7853 in the name of Tom Arthur is yes, 90, no, 2. There were 28 abstentions. The motion is therefore agreed. There are three questions to be put as a result of today's business. The first is the amendment 7852.2 in the name of Pam Gosel, which seeks to amend motion 7852 in the name of Jamie Hepburn on International Day of Women and Girls in Science be agreed. Are we all agreed? The amendment is therefore agreed. The next question is that amendment 7852.1 in the name of Michael Marra, which seeks to amend motion 7852 in the name of Jamie Hepburn on International Day of Women and Girls in Science be agreed. Are we all agreed? The motion is therefore agreed. The next question is that motion 7852 in the name of Jamie Hepburn as amended on International Day of Women and Girls in Science be agreed. Are we all agreed? The motion is therefore agreed. That concludes decision time, and I close this meeting.


if someone's listening right now and they're like, okay, well, what symptoms do I look for to know if this is me? Waking, mood swings, fatigue. Especially with excess estrogen, you can have acne, heavy periods, long cycles, even waking. Endometriosis. Yep, endometriosis, fibroid cysts. Estrogen dominance affects men and women. So when you're trying to work with helping the body clear estrogen, you really have to take a backward approach, meaning you have to really support the liver and you really have to dive into gut health because a lot of our estrogen is metabolized through our urine and through our stool. It's like a compiling effect. If you're getting in all these Zenoestrogens, you're dealing with tons of stress, you're dealing with tons of infections in the gut or you're not metabolizing properly right through that liver, it's just an accumulation in your body's reabsorbing a lot of this because we need to get rid of that hormone when we make it.


Welcome to Digital Asset News to get top stories in crypto and bring out a bite-sized piece. So today, just like the thumbnail suggests, we're going to take a look at the validity of the digital dollar and is it really all you need as far as CBDCs as compared to cryptocurrencies? And the way we're going to do that is take a look at what's going on in the current market and some current news events. So first up, Fed Chair Jerome Powell says you wouldn't need cryptos if you had a digital US currency. So we're going to look for the truthfulness of what he's talking about and how it compares to crypto and how it really actually is different from the digital dollar. And since there are no coincidences, at the same time, the IMF, World Bank, BIS recommend countries work together on CBDCs to enhance cross-border payments. And this couldn't come at a better time as China reveals a digital yuan white paper. As they say, they're going to also have smart contracts. There's been billions already settled and large transfers are traced, but the small ones aren't because you can always trust China. So we'll take a look at what's going on there. And then I'm going to wrap it up with what Brad Garlinghouse said at the Economic Club of New York in 2019. And this is really going to play into what CBDCs are, how it actually pertains to the current situation, and really is it really necessary for what we're talking about. And then finally, just to make mention of, we're going to do a prediction evaluation live video with Guy from Coin Bureau and Crazy for Cryptos. And we'll talk about the very end. But first, let's take a look at what's going on in the market. So today, it is Sunday. It is July 18th. And it's pretty much the same. We're just moving sideways. You know, July, we've always thought that July wasn't going to be a great month and it did not disappoint. And here we are moving sideways. So I'm just happy that Bitcoin has remained in that $30,000 to $40,000 range. There was a little bit of $20,000. That's OK. So today, Bitcoin price is $31,724. This is trade the chain. It looks a little bit different right now because I have it on a condensed view. Let's take a look at some coins real quick and see where we actually are at as far as prices. So Ethereum really did break down. It went below $2,000. And now it's dropped to $1,904. And but within 24 hours, it hasn't really changed too much. Tethered, nobody cares. Finance going. Cardano up .52. Watch out. XRP down .48. Watch out again. It doesn't matter. Nothing's really going big. Dogecoin is down 6%, 7% because of that car salesman tweet, whatever. And that's the big stuff. Really, it's just sideways action. If you're a big trader, I'm not. Let's just use what trade the chain designed for, sentiment analysis. I'm going to click on that one hour projected range. Let's see what we got here. Wow. So between negative 1% and plus 16% with 90% assurance, this is what trade the chain is telling us. Take a look at Fusion. Take a look at Seller Network, DeFi.Money, Ocean Protocol, Electronium, AMP. And those are just ranging in the, man, 18%, 4%, 60%. And yeah, if you're looking for trade the chain, link's in the description. But let's just break into today's top story where we talk about the digital dollar is all you need. This ought to be good. So what's going on here? Well, during the hearing, which was just this week, Representative Steven Lynch from Massachusetts and Two Sits asked if a swift action, first of all, the Fed doesn't do anything swift except drop a ton of money from the helicopters. If a swift action on the Fed's digital currency would calm the markets and whether a digital dollar would be more viable alternative than having thousands of cryptos or stable coins. Pretty good question actually if you think about it. And Jerome Powell says, I think that could be the case in particular. You wouldn't need stable coins. You would need cryptocurrencies if you had a digital US currency. I think that's one of the stronger arguments in its favor. And before I go on, just to make mention of this, I can't let that pass without talking about it. Look, there is no difference between, and Brad's gonna talk about this later. I don't wanna steal his thunder. But the reason between the digital dollar, the CBDCs and a cryptocurrency is that there really is no difference between the digital dollar, CBDCs, that's the same thing and a crypto. There is no limit on how much they can print as far as the dollar. So even if you digitize it, which it's digitized anyhow, what's the difference? It's just a difference in the wallet and I'll explain that later. But really there is no difference in that. And you can just keep bringing things to infinity. So it's the same thing. There's same inflation, there's the same problem. And this is what cryptocurrencies, they limit the actual tokens to the amount of whatever it's at. Bitcoin's 21 million, that's a very famous one.   And that's how things get done. You just kind of roll over and steamroll people and don't really get into the thick of it. And that's one of the problems I see here. I could be wrong, we know in the comments section, maybe Jerome has no idea what he's talking about. This ought to be great in the comments, but let's move on. So to finish this up, Representative Lynch also raised concerns about the slowness of digital dollar development, citing that many central banks worldwide are progressing fast within the US in this area. Look, the digital you want, they've already come through and said, we've already processed billions of transactions and guess what? We've got 20 million wallets out there, beat that. Powell replied, I think this is the beginning of an accelerating decision process. Wow, you've accelerated a decision process, that's good. We have a lot of work left to do on the technical side and on the policy side, but a critical part of it is just public consultation. I'm really concerned about getting this right. I think it's way more important to get it right than it is to get it fast. And I gotta tell you, there is one thing I will say about this and that is as an entrepreneur, I just try to stick things, just throw things at the wall and see what sticks. And I can kind of understand what Powell here is saying. And I will say one more thing. And that is that for those of us who remember history, we weren't the first ones in space. It was Russia. Russia beat the pants off us and we rallied together as a nation said we're gonna put somebody on the moon and we did it and we did it first. Go America, America. So I wonder if this is going to be one of those lights, light under the fire or light under the pants type of situation where we're like, look, we're getting crushed over here by different countries, China being one of them. Maybe it's time to put our foot on the gas and really start to do these CBDCs if this is what it is. But in all honesty, Congress and the Fed and all those things, it's not their job to innovate. That's not their job. Their job is to regulate. So I don't know why they're even like really talking about this. I do think that there is a good play for, I mean, we just talked about why it's not any different than the digital dollar but what I do see a difference is how they're going to use oracles for smart contracts and I'll get into that in a bit. So anyhow, to finish this up, the Fed chair also addressed concerns about the US losing its reserve currency status and he states there really isn't a good competitor out there. All the things you need to be a reserve currency the United States has, we're not in danger of losing it and certainly not to China. So we'll see how right he is and we'll go from there. I can speculate and I can talk all day long but it really comes down to execution and we'll see it all works out but really in all honesty, if you take a look at innovation, how fast things move, time to step up because if not, we're going to get passed by. Anyhow, let me know what you think about this in the comments section and let's talk about the IMF finally going, you know we should really work together. So this one was kind of funny and it's really hilarious the very last statement but there was a committee on payments and market infrastructures, the BIS Innovation Hub, International Monetary Fund and the World Bank published a joint report on the G20 on July 9th, titled central bank digital currencies for cross-border payments. The report explained that cross-border payments are commonly criticized for their high cost, low speed, limited access and insufficient transparency and it's pretty amazing that we still have it so expensive in today's world. Look, I can send an email to anybody instantly. What's the difference between sending money across borders? What it is is that we are hampered by SWIFT which was a company created back in the 60s to transfer money cross-border and of course banks, here's the thing, banks don't trust each other. Guess what? Countries don't trust each other so for all these different banks within the network, if you wanna transfer, I don't know, the pound across, right? You have to have dollars and pounds in that bank if you are a bank. If you wanna transfer the bot, if you wanna transfer any type of different currency, you have to have that currency plus your currency in that bank across the pond. You know why? Because banks don't trust each other. We don't even trust banks so why should they trust each other? And then on top of that, we know countries are kinda like I don't trust that one. So when we see about here, that's the whole thing that SWIFT eliminated because they said, well, we'll just do it like this. It's not even a transfer service. It's a telecommunication service. It's a text messaging service. That's really what it comes down to. So this is an old technology and it's still around. That's the kind of power the banks have. Hopefully they lose a little bit out of it. Anyhow, to finish this up, various aspects of central bank digital currencies were analyzed and it came out of this. The analysis highlights both the need for multilateral collaboration on macro financial consequences as well as the importance of interoperability between CBDCs. The main conclusion of the report said this, try not to laugh out loud. Central bank digital currencies have the potential to enhance the efficiency of cross-border payments. True, as long as the countries work together. Now, here's the thing, here's the thing. Some countries do like each other. I mean, we have a great relationship with Canada, pretty good with Mexico, EU, different places, right? But as far as like countries all work together, are you out of your mind? No way. So I don't see this actually working. I don't see this actually coming to the past. I think there's gonna be roadblocks because like, well, they can say, well, you can go from America to Canada and transfer any kind of service or like dollar to the Franks in France. But if you wanna go to like Russia or China or something like that, yeah, good luck. So we don't trust each other. And that's really what it comes down to. Let me know how, if there's a way to alleviate that, I just don't see this really working too well unless you have an intermediary type of crypto and I'll leave that up to you. So there is that piece. Now let's go on to one of the more important things, I think, the digital yuan. So this is what's going on. China's digital yuan is no different than the physical renminbi. I know we say that wrong, correct me in the comments, I'm sure you will. I don't really care. But the thing is like, and people will ask, what's the difference between the digital yuan and the renminbi? It's almost the same thing. There's a subtle difference, right? So like the US dollar, we don't, in America, we don't call the US dollar, the Federal Reserve note, we just say the US dollar. So the digital yuan, they don't call it the, people's make a China note or whatever else it is. It's just the renminbi. So people just call it the digital yuan, the yuan as far as like the money part or the coin part, there's different names for that. But anyhow, that's pretty much it in a nutshell. But to get to the point, the People's Bank of China's Digital Currency Working Group stresses that the digital yuan often referred to as the ECNY, and this is an acronym we're gonna have to get used to, ECNY, ECNY, that's digital yuan, is no different than the physical form of money used by the Chinese today. And it's the same thing we talked about as far as the digital dollar. There's no difference. It's just zeros and ones, but it's the same thing. The same thing. The only difference is the wallet. I'll get to that in a second. The issuance and circulation of ECNY is identical with physical renminbi, while the value of the former is transferred in digital form, zeros and ones. The paper claims, and this was the white paper, that more than 20 million digital yuan wallets have been created thus far, which I guess is pretty good, but you gotta remember China's like about a billion plus people, so sure. And 5.4 billion or 35 billion yuan has been set on the ECNY network, which I guess, again, it's pretty good because it's just, they just rolled it out not too long ago. The progress report notes that the digital yuan protocol has built-in programmability. This is the big thing. It alludes, and that alludes to the use of smart contracts. It doesn't say smart contracts, but it alludes to the fact that smart contracts and decision-based transaction. The ECNY obtains programmability from deploying smart contracts that don't impair its monetary functions under the premise of security and compliance. This feature enables self-executing payments according to predefined conditions or terms agreed between two sides. So here's the thing about smart contracts, as far as like finance and those types of things. So let's make a simple assessment here. Let's say that you wanna buy a house, okay. You have to go to the mortgage company, right? And they have to approve you because they have to take a look at your credit score, your work history, they have to take a look at your bank accounts, they have to look at a couple different things. They have to take a look if there's a lien on the houses, make sure that that's all in the up and up, and everything's pretty good to go. So to do all those things, that's a lot of middle men, middle women, whatever you wanna call it. And that's cost all the way along those little points, right? What if you didn't need those people and they could just be done automatically? Some type of thing called an oracle, right? And it pulls in all this data from outside in the actual real world and puts it into the actual blockchain because blockchain can't do that. That's why we need oracles. So if you can do something like that where it could go to the IRS and say, hey, is there any kind of judgments against this person or are they on the up and up with their taxes? And it goes to your credit score, Experian and all the different, all the other, both the other ones that escaped me right now. And they say, what's the credit score? 740, sounds pretty good. IRS, okay, you're pretty good. And also we can take a look at your employment history. Looks like you made X amount of dollars. And then also we can integrate with your bank and it's instantaneous and it gives us all the information. And it doesn't really do anything. I mean, as far as like a middle person and boom, it says approved. The money goes from your bank into their account. It pays for it. It sets it all up. That's essentially like a great smart contract, right? So when it talks about this, how's it gonna do that? How's it gonna do those types of things just because it has a digital yuan? There's a lot of different protocols that come into place and on top of that all the different hacks that could potentially come in. So when we see something like this, and that's just one example, right? We wanna see something like this. Maybe the whole thing isn't so much about the cryptocurrency and the digital dollar. Let's say that the America does go through with this and they do say, let's do the digital dollar and actually get it through, which I think they're actually gonna do it. What happens with the smart contracts? Is it their job to innovate or to regulate? It's not their job to make these different products. That's the whole point of the free market system. So if you're looking for things to get into as far as cryptocurrency, maybe a smart contract play is in your best interest. Now, again, on this channel, this is an investment opinion and investment advice, but just something that kind of just came up to me and I'm like, wow, this could be one of those things where we're gonna need an Oracle service. We're gonna need some smart contract functionality. And there's a lot of different ones that can actually do that. Which one will win? What will be Ethereum? Will it be Tezos? Will it be Cardano? Will it be Avalanche? Who knows? Maybe there's one for everyone but for every different aspect. But I think this is the interesting thing. And for them to say that it's just gonna be like an easy type of deal. I don't think it's that easy. And I think that's why they are China working with a lot of different private industries in China which is kind of weird because they're still not China, they're still not private and bringing smart contract functionality. We will see. Anyhow, to finish this up and this is the laughable part. Anonymity for small value and traceable for high value. The ECNY follows the principle of anonymity for small value and traceable high value. And attaches great importance to protecting personal information and privacy. It aims to meet the public demand for anonymous small value payment service based on the risk features and information processing logic of the current electronic payment system. I will let you comment below if you think that China really values anonymity and privacy, especially in payments. Look, even in America we think that big brother's not or some people think big brother's not watching. Well, it was so bad as far as like with Facebook, they shot down that Libra project in a heartbeat because they said you can't even deal with our private information.  So lastly, meanwhile it is necessary to guard against the misuse of ECNY and illegal and criminal activities such as tele-fraud, internet gambling, money laundering and tax evasion by making sure that transactions comply with blah, blah, blah. Okay, so great. So it sounds pretty good on half of this stuff. The other half is just, I think, nonsense. Let me know what you think in the comment section and let's break down to the last part, second to last part of what Brad Garlinghouse said at the Economic Club of New York a couple of years ago. Listen to this and tell me if this doesn't make a heck of a lot of sense as far as the digital dollar. Take a listen. Because I wanna transition particularly for this audience at the Economic Club of New York, China and other countries, but specifically China. China has completed a prototype. I don't know if you all know this, a prototype of a so-called China coin, a digital currency. I believe it's backed by the Yuan. It is. And they are about to unleash their own network similar to what we're talking about here. Are we behind in that here in America? I mean, the Fed is a skeptic when it comes to cryptocurrency. The president is a skeptic. You have a lot of people who still don't quite understand it. Singapore, which is considered a financial center of the world, very forward-thinking when it comes to technology. That central banker has expressed a little bit of concern. Yeah. So let's first understand what stable coins central bank digital assets is kind of the way they're described. And so what the Chinese government is doing is that they are apparently going to launch a central bank digital asset. Let's go back to the thing I said about Starbucks earlier. What problem are we solving? So I look at the Fed today and I'm sure there are bankers here in the window or in the audience. And if you want to go and call on the Fed for liquidity, you go to the Fed window, you don't get cash. You get digits in a ledger. And so when, you know, I'm JP Morgan, I go to the Fed, the Fed's saying, okay, great, here's some sort of ledger change. It's already digitized. So I've actually been a little bit of a skeptic that central bank digital assets do much that we don't already do today. So you don't think the dollar should be tokenized? It already is.  You know, yes, you could go to the bank and get cash, but frankly, if you're asking for any more than a few thousand dollars, you have to call in advance because they don't have the cash. So most of your, most of the US dollar is quote, I mean, you said tokenized, I would say digitized. There is a little bit of a difference, but I think we always have to go back to what problem are we trying to solve? If we're solving a problem or creating customer value, then I think it's great. The only argument I have seen around central bank digital assets is if they want to expand the Fed window from serving a small number of regulated institutions to a mass audience. If everybody here could go directly to the Fed and have an account with the Fed, well, that's kind of interesting. Now we just put the entire commercial banking business out of business. That doesn't sound like a very good idea. I'm feeling the room shivering. Ah, so he's talking to a bunch of bankers right there. And this is what I'm talking about as far as the only thing that changes is the wallet. So just like what Brad talked about, you know, if you wanna have that happen, sure, but what's the point of the banks? Because that's the whole point of a JPMorgan, that's the whole point of a Chase or a Wells Fargo, so we can start there.  Is the US government, are they gonna innovate or regulate?  Who are you gonna call?  I just don't get it. So when you take a look at that, you're gonna be like, okay, that kinda makes sense, but then what really makes sense though is like we talked about before with the digital yuan. So what China does is they didn't change too much, but they changed the wallet. Now the wallet is the government. Even though they would say that, oh, no, no, no, we have these private banks or anything else, which I think will still be in play. They'll still have that for loans or whatever else. But as far as like that wallet, well, the wallet's owned by the government. We don't like how you just protest. We don't like what you said in social media. We don't like how you walked across the street. Guess what? We're shutting down your wallet. So good luck getting any money. And then that's just how it goes. That is a frightening scenario and I'm just not too keen on that. So that's what we have. So anyhow, let me know what you think about that in the comments section and let's finish up to our last piece here. Crazy for cryptos. My man, Digital Dave, who has been great. He's called a lot of winners. I've listened to him for gosh, over two years now. And I also got Guy from Coin Bureau and we're gonna do price predictions video. And that'll be on Tuesday the 20th at 7 p.m. mountain time. I don't know what it is wherever you're at, but that's what it is. Cause Dave's in Thailand and Guy is over in UK or great better, whatever, wherever he's at. And so we have a little bit of a conflict. So Guy, I don't think he's gonna be able to make it. If he doesn't, he's gonna do a pre-recorded thing for us to talk about the price predictions. Dave should be good and that is it. So one real quick, real note is that we're not doing this on this channel on Digital Asset News. We're doing on Digital Asset News clips because over there, there's something that happens when I do live streams on this channel. It just kind of just messes up with the whole algorithm. So I like to do them over there and keep things over there. I like to separate and organize and that's what I'm gonna do for all the live streams from now on is stick them over there. Unless it's some huge, huge announcement like now I'll just go live real quick, it'll be over on Dan Clips. The link is in the description. You can go over there and follow us and we do a lot of different things as far as advancements and crypto and stuff like that. So anyhow, look that one a little bit long. It is Sunday, so what else? You know, it's a rest day. So hopefully you made all the way to the end. I appreciate it. If you liked the video, give it a thumbs up, a like, consider subscribing and that is it for today. So thanks so much for stopping by. Appreciate it. See you on the next one.


Finding and using information to make decisions in real life and on the job is called lifelong learning, action research, or evidence-based practice. Making decisions such as which therapy to use with my patient, which textile to source for my product line, whether the latest teaching fad works, if I should serve grass-fed beef in my restaurant, or which school to send my kids to, all of these decisions need to be backed up by trustworthy data, and there can be real consequences for bad decisions. The information I use has to be high quality, but quality depends on my need. Depending on my profession, there can be specific standards I'm required to follow. For example, nurses use peer-reviewed journal articles. Not everyone needs that level of exactitude. For some questions, good newspapers, government sites, and other sources are enough. Let's look at three levels of information use as research in real life can take many forms. Lifelong learning is a personal choice, a way of life. I seek to make well-informed decisions by taking the time to search out and read reliable information. No one is holding me to a standard here. I use my own expectations, informed by my education, experience, and need. Action research, a concept heavily used in education, but that can apply to any profession, is the next step up. It's when a professional investigates the best ways to perform their work for a higher impact. This could take the form of continuing education, job training, reading about best practices, reflective practice, or formal research. My boss probably holds me to account for the choices I make on the job. Lastly, and most intense information use, evidence-based practice is required for many professions, especially in health fields. Evidence-based practice is a professional standard with real-life consequences for clients or patients. People in these careers are expected to find, read, and implement the best decisions on how to perform their work. Evidence-based practice is made up of three pillars. One, clinical or professional expertise. Two, patient or customer values. Three, application of the best research evidence. You're in college and have hundreds of electronic resources at your fingertips. You don't pay for any of it. That's what your tuition and fees take care of. Lucky duck.  Unfortunately, access to those fancy resources ends when you leave the university. But everything is online, right? Well, you can find recipes, crosswords, people's strong opinions, and more online without using any library resources. But what if you need something more substantial, like a list of professional standards for your career, or research about the benefits of eating organic food? You will find you often can't access these things without hitting a request to pay for the content. While you can pay for a subscription to a site like the New York Times, or for membership in your profession's professional organization like the American Nurses Association, what you can access will be limited to the things you can afford to buy, or what happens to be free and openly accessible, which will limit the diversity of content you'll be able to consider. Let's look at some real-life examples. Farmers' markets are known for locally grown, high-quality organic food. I go to mine every week. Different people go there with different real needs and questions. What you will be doing in the next section of this tutorial is choosing a path to explore the evidence-seeking behavior of a particular person. Click Next and choose your path.


What's going on? If you're new family, welcome back to another video. It's your girl Janice. If you guys are new to the channel, make sure you hit that subscribe button and join the family. As you can tell by the title and the thumbnail to this video, I am going to be hitting Isaiah where it hurts. I'm going to be telling Isaiah today that he is not going to be a good father. Guys, Isaiah the other day pranked me, telling me I'm not gonna be a good wife and honestly, that got me thinking, how can I get him back with something that hits him hard and I figured out what to do. So guys, Isaiah right now is making himself hot chocolate. I already have a second camera set up in the living room and I'm basically going to be telling him that he's not going to be a good father and we are going to see his reaction. So guys, if you are ready for today's video don't forget to smash that like button and comment to Janice in the comment section below if you think this one is a savage prank because I think so. Let's get it. I was gonna ask if you made your hot chocolate but clearly he's trying to whip the cup. But he's trying to drink that as hot chocolate. I shouldn't put this right here, right? No, you shouldn't, it'll spill. You know how much he jumps all over the place? It's bad luck stuff. No, put it on the floor. Put it on the floor, it's fine. He's not gonna drink anything, it's covered. He gonna put his dog slobber all over it. He always does.  Um, what's it called? So the other day, remember when like, we were talking about how, you know, you thought I was pranking you or whatever when I did that prank on you? Yeah, I remember. Yes, I do. Thank you for bringing it back up. And like, I see how you are with Boop and I was just thinking like, I feel like you're really not gonna be that good of a father. Who, Loki? Why would you say that?  You know what I mean? I feel like you just don't get excited for stuff. Like what? Like for example, for like his birthday and stuff, I feel like you don't get as excited as I do. Bro, I was so excited. What are you talking about? I went and got him a little cake and everything. Got him a tree. No, I got him a tree for his birthday. What? Dave, we both had the idea to do it. Yeah, but here's my thing. Like, I just feel like I'm more enthusiastic and stuff like that. And I also feel like you're really, really strict. Like I feel like you wouldn't be a cool dad. I feel like you're gonna be that dad that's like always pissed off and like doesn't let his daughter or son do anything. All right, first of all, if it's a daughter, yes, I'm gonna be strict. See? Yes, I am. You can't be that strict. Like you need to have some type of leniency.  Obviously, we're not gonna have our kids like that. A lot of girls nowadays, they be looking too grown for themselves. They be acting too grown. I know, but I feel like you're not gonna be a good father in that sense. Bro, you're creating, all right, stop saying that. Stop saying that, because that's, I don't see that's upsetting me. How is that upsetting you? I'm just telling you the truth. That's why you're not gonna be a good father. Stop, all right, see? That's what's upsetting me, that right there. Stop saying I'm not gonna be a good father because one, you don't know the type of father I'm gonna be. Two, I know the type of father I'm gonna be. Okay? And I can tell you what, I will give you my word that I will give my kids the world and I will always treat them the way they need to be treated. I will always love them the way they need to be loved and I will always support them no matter what they do in life and that's that. I don't feel like you're telling the truth. I really don't because you could say a lot of stuff, but when it comes down to it- But you're saying all this, but mind you, who's the one that wants a kid more? Me. Bro, you know I want a kid. You know that. And I always told you, I don't care if it's a girl or if it's a boy. I don't care. I prefer a boy just because I would like to do father and son stuff but I can still do that with my daughter. See, that's what I mean. Yeah, if we have a daughter, you're not going to be a good father to her. How? Because you're going to be like, I don't want a daughter. Boo! That's what you're going to do. You're going to just kick it to the curb. First of all, no. And I'm going to be trying to be like the best mom I can be because you're not going to want to be around her. No, I won't. Don't say that because no, I won't. Yes, sir. No, I won't. I will love both of my kids equally. If I had a son, I would love them just as much if I love the girl. There's no difference. I'm just saying I prefer a son because I would like to do things that I didn't have a father when I was growing up. You know what I mean? I couldn't do certain things. I didn't go out in the front yard and play catch with my dad. My dad didn't talk. He didn't teach me how to ride a bike and stuff like that. That's stuff I want to do with my son. I can still do that with my daughter. But I see that you're talking about your son and not a daughter. Like, you're not talking about your daughter at all. You want to be out of girl. Like I just said, I will love them equally. And what I can't do, what I can do with my son, I can do with my daughter. No, you can't. Yes, I can. If I want to play baseball, my daughter can play softball. If she so chooses to, I can still teach my daughter how to ride a bike. I can do a bunch of things with my daughter. I can have my daughter learn makeup and I would gladly let her paint my face for the makeup. I will be that father. But are you going to get excited for like holidays and birthdays for them and stuff like that? I don't get excited for my own birthday. I don't get excited for holidays. That's just me. Because to me, my birthday is just another day. It's not anything special. I just said to stop saying that because that's honestly upsetting me.  Stop saying that, please. Like I said, I'm just that type of person. I don't like birthdays. I just don't celebrate my birthday. I'm just not all for that. Well, you need to start being excited for something. Okay, but anyone else, I go above and beyond. Your birthdays, I always try to make you feel as special as possible on your birthdays. His birthday, I'd be trying to make him feel as special as possible, even though he's just a dog. I don't care. Anyone else, I do the same thing. It's just my birthdays personally. I don't like celebrating my birthday. That's just the way I am. Holidays? Holidays, I don't know. Holidays, I'm not excited for holidays because I feel like it's like, it's just like annoying, I feel. Holidays are annoying? But what if your kids are excited for holidays? That's what's gonna be different because I can imagine my kids being excited for the holidays. I can imagine them like, oh my God, Santa, this and that. Like we can do that whole Santa Claus thing. And I know they're gonna get so much joy out of that and seeing that's gonna make me happy. And that's gonna make me happy for the holidays, especially when the day comes like Christmas. And I get to see them like open up all the gifts and they think Santa Claus is the one who bought them. I'm just gonna be so excited. I think everything you're saying right now is BS. How is that BS? Everything you're saying right now is BS. How? I really just think that you are not gonna be a good father. That's it. All right, whatever. That's it, like stop trying to deny it. Like you're gonna be a terrible father. Okay.  This is a prank. Why? That prank got me hot. You know that. Let anyone seriously tell me that I will not be a good father and. You could just prove them wrong. I don't think anybody would ever say that anyway. Anyone else besides you over the phone. I would like to fight you. Just fight me. Stop talking and just fight me. All right guys, so that is it for today's video. I hope you all enjoyed. If you guys did, don't forget to smash that like button and comment team Janice in the comment section below because this one was a big notification. Today's post notification shout out goes out to Hannah Rodriguez. Thank you so much, girl, for your love and support. Isaiah and I love you. If you want a post notification shout out, all you guys gotta do is like, comment, share and subscribe. Turn your post notification bells on so you're notified whenever we post a new video. Also, don't forget to show us love on the ground because if you guys do not know, we do pull up post notification shout outs there too. You got anything you wanna say to them? You give me angina. You give me angina. That's three times a set at four times. Here we go. Dad, dad. We got him. Hey, we got dad, dad.  I'm sweating nuts. Mahat chocolate. I don't even want to go to work. I got you.


So four years ago when I came on as a graduate engineer, I guess I didn't really know anything and now I've just developed a skill set of Developing knowledge base gone from being that support role the little guy on the project to a leading projects and leading a team of engineers with me Eagle lighting as a lighting manufacturer provide custom luminaires from Initial design tech for the light designs through manufacturing to complete and providing a physical product What I love about working in Victoria is the unlimited opportunities Like being a young guy striving to be the best me I guess it was great to always have that opportunity for something to go for to just keep getting better For me the biggest pro for working in Victoria is I'm close to my family Like this was where my family came from we came from overseas We came here and this is coming home. This is where I was born and raised. It's my home So working in Victoria. I've gotten roots here. It feels good