You know what else is orange? Etsy. Woo! Etsy! You know it? You should know it. Mildly familiar, yeah. You craft things and you post them there, and then you sell the stuff. Well, guess what?  I had no idea. We've only done eight of these. There are multiple people on Etsy selling their homemade goodness. And believe it or not, there is a massive category of Nintendo Switch accessories on there, which you might believe, because as Kim already said, we've done about ten of these. But we need a mat to put everything on, so I got this nice, gorgeous, one true love on the mat there. Okay, so... He said it out loud. I mean, what else can you do? All right, do you want the number one, two, or three first? Three. Okay. Specifically for you. So specifically. So specifically. Suspiciously or specifically? Suspiciously for you. Oh no. Is this a cat boy hat? No. What is this? Oh, it kind of looks like an x-witch. Wait, without seeing the rest, what do you think that is? I assume. Now that I've looked at it again, I think it's a bell. Oh yeah, very cool. It's for you. You can keep it forever. I'm surprised nobody had thought of this yet.  Now you might be wondering, why Kim? I see that there's a hole that is suspiciously switched. Because they have holes. And if there's one thing about me that I love, it's doughnuts which have holes inside them. I was scared.  But yeah, you put your little carts in there, so each coin becomes a switch game. And then you put all your switch games. How cute is that? We always forget to rate them.  Well, by default, I feel like this isn't one. Yeah, I would think number one. Number one being the best spot, I guess. Next, do you want option two or option three? Well, I picked three, so it would be one. Next, do you want option one or option two? One. Okay, good. Because option one was actually the sponsor of the video. So I'm really glad you picked it at this point, because we needed to get... Here we go. I don't even know why I gave Kim the choice of options one, two, or three, because we're just going to be talking about one. The number one shopping tool in America. Which is Honey. Honey is a little button that sits at the top of your browser. And whenever you're shopping online and hit checkout, it'll pop, it'll pop, it'll pop up. It'll automatically search the web for promo codes and apply the ones that will save you money. And if you've already been using Honey on your computer, now you can add it to your iPhone too. So whether you're at home or on the go, Honey can try saving you money on tons of websites. Honey is just one of those no-brainer things that everybody needs to be using. Because why wouldn't you want to save money when you shop? Add it to your computer and iPhone for free at joinhoney.com forward slash beat em ups. Now speaking of things that were not free, let's go back to me and Kim. Thank you to today's sponsor, Honey. Now for option two. Which is our second sponsor. No. Oh no. I specifically... Okay, this was a throwaway. We shouldn't have done this one second. It sets a bad precedent for the rest of the video. I just thought that you would hate this so much that I wanted your reaction to it. Well, it likes the Kirby sticker. Now I'm afraid. Oh no. No! Not him. What? Oh God, no. I honestly thought you would like it. It's Kirby without shoes on.  Oh God. It's worse than I remember. It's so bad. It's people's feet. Ew. That's so realistic and laugh. Like they even have veins on the toes. Oh, that's disgusting. Let me just put him in the sin bit. Yeah, you put... I don't want to see that for the rest of the video, please. No. Oh, this is actually really cool. This one actually came with a letter. Wood, beat em ups. This is crazy. You have no idea how much this means. You should have seen my face when I saw the notification on my phone. Hope you like everything. I also liked that there's a little attachment that says hoping I'm right about this, but I remember you mentioning the Gamecube might be your favorite system of all time. I actually thought that was going to say hoping I'm right about this, and it is you, otherwise whoever's reading this, I'm sorry. Disregard. Disregard. And please send back the extra stuff. It's actually another Switch cartridge holder. I swear everything today is not a Switch cartridge holder. Dude, I don't know they made purple metallic. I'm sick. And they also, they're also metallic. So they don't fly open and everything holds in place. Oh my God. Oh my God. Oh. That is so smart. They made little accessories for the Wavebird controllers to plug in if you want. They look so cute stacked up. Dude, that is... That is sick. This is very weird. Oh, weirder than the foot Kirby. In a way, because somebody thought of this as like an original idea. Okay. The foot Kirby is kind of a meme, but I think this is weird, but also really cool. Do you know what that is? No. No, I didn't think so. I was actually really excited for this. It smells good. This is... It does actually. Oh, that's fresh. I know. That's fresh wood. They've actually crafted this. It's from Breath of the Wild. When you kill things in the game, they drop stuff. They drop bits, monster bits. And this person had a whole series of monster bits. But you chose Tony. Yeah, because I thought that was funny.  Like it's all jagged and gross. So you're gonna have a toenail hanging on your wall, then? Yeah. Okay. I think it's really cool. It's very cool. Is there any more foot stuff, or is that it? Who's asking? I do have a wicky feet, so... I'm sure you do. I didn't make it. That would not be another foot. Ooh. Throw me that. Why? What do you think that is? I don't know. Open it up. Just for the cool kids. For garlic? No. All right, so I did prepare some lettuce. Kim actually bought this. We did not acquire it from the devil. So you take your lettuce. I guess you just kind of... And then I've never done this before. I mean, I don't partake. I don't even drink. I just thought this would be funny. Ew. Ew. And then it minces, slices, and dices. All of your oregano needs are met. Garlic would have worked. Garlic. I mean, we can... You can mince garlic with that. We can put this in the kitchen. Yeah, we'll give it a go with the garlic and see how it goes. The one thing I'll say is it is actually kind of quality. Alexa, what percentage of America smokes weed? About 4% of American adults smoke pot at least once a year. So for the 4% of my audience that could use something like this, I'll leave links down below to this as well as everything. The garlic press that you bought. Where should I put the lettuce? I don't know. I don't know. Okay. Oh, this is actually a gift for you. I really feel like you're going to like this. Oh my god. I really wanted to get Mario and Luigi. But they didn't have... No, they had a ton of different... The Shy Guy is my favorite anyway. Oh, that's what I thought. Then I thought, well, Shy Guy is Kim's favorite. So that really works out.  This is way less haunting than the other one. But they're earrings. Oh, they're actually kind of cute. You want the other one? No, because this one's harder to get out. Okay. Oh, we need to reassess this whole situation. Oh, right. Well, I don't think that's really in the running. No, I think that needs to go live with somebody else. What? Miss? Not that. Oh, my toenail. No, your toenail can live here. This next one is actually really sick. And it's out of its package. So I guess flip it when I say. We can take it out of that thing first or something. Oh, we're out. Actually, don't even do anything because the camera's about to cut. I know this video is Nintendo Switch accessories. On this website, they had a Switch version of this, but I didn't think it was as cool as this. Upside down. Yeah, it is upside down. What do you think? It's really cool. We're filming this video like weeks after all this stuff arrived because I was waiting on one more thing because I thought this was going to be like this big. So I kept looking out for a really big package and then I realized that I actually just have a super small package. What's up? I just blew a book. Ew. Yeah, cut that. I said cut it. I think it's pretty neat. Yeah. It's not really a Switch accessory. Once again, I just... I just think it's neat. I just wanted it. I don't know why I bought this. So it's a rocket. Did you put the Switch kids in? I mean, I just thought this was like the definition. Ew. Yeah, there's a lot of hair on the floor. I think I have to vacuum. Can we not shame my room? Feel like if you just did away with the rocket part, oh dear god. You could really... Don't face them towards me. His big feet won't fit in the groove. Oh, there we go. Now it's like he's farting a cloud. This next one I love. Okay. As far as creativity, this feels like I'm memeing, but I'm not. I feel like this is something that Nintendo should have done already. Okay. So we have a half tunnel. We have tires. We have bananas. Any thoughts? Any feelings? Anyone want to... Breath of the Wild. You got it. All of these are from Zelda. What is this for? Oh. There you go. I knew as soon as the dots connected. I was like, how is this related to the Switch? Ah. A reason why this guy has been sat on the table the whole time. Yeah, I made the connection. Yeah. There is no official Nintendo product for actually building a Mario Kart course. The whole point of the home circuit is to make home courses out of your house, and you're encouraged to use everyday items and random things around the house as part of the course, as well as the gates they provide. But there's no actual little Nintendo accessories. They never released any of that. There's nothing in the box. Not even things like these bananas to put in the middle of your course to avoid. Like going through tunnels is a staple of Mario and Mario Kart. How smart is that? I think this is the most creative and one of the most brilliant things I've seen anyone on Etsy come up with. Is it like a hole in the market? Yeah, it's something that Nintendo should have done already. I'll leave links down below for you avid Mario Kart home circuit players, because there's literally dozens of us. I haven't played it since I made the video. I actually think this is like number one. I think it's brilliant. So one thing I'll say is this wasn't a cheap set. I want to say it was like 40. It doesn't go very far. I mean, the tunnel is cool. It really feels like I have four gates and a couple bananas. All right, well, the tunnel might need to be weighted down. Uh-oh, round two. Okay, so it's called the tunnel is easily the best part, but I knocked it and it fell over. Not exactly practical. The bananas are cute, but with them not working and they just kind of get pushed aside. It's really just filler fun. You still have to build some kind of course, because it's just not enough stuff. Yes. Have you ever ordered a human heart and wondered how it would get delivered? With all these videos, I buy a very, very expensive Nintendo Switch dock. There was actually a lot to choose from this time. This is one of those items that a lot of people like to try and take a stab at. This came, I'm pretty sure, from Mexico, and I just thought it looked really badass. They did a really good job at securely shipping this one. Do you like it? Yeah, it's really cool. It's really light. I was not... Yeah, this is the widest one we've ever got. It's made out of styrofoam. It's just really sick. I mean, they put a lot of work and detail into it. I love it. I feel like the last one you bought was for me. This one is 100% for you. Well, how many docks do you need? I bought you a whole replica of Animal Crossing. I know, what I was saying. I feel like this whole video was buying things for me. Yeah. Whoops. It looks really nice with the white as well. They did such a cool job with the little steps. The fact that it's all styrofoam is what's nuts to me. They've done a dirt path and little rocks. You know what game this is from? Majora's Mask. Yes, okay. What gave it away? The Mask. The Mask. Let's go. Ah, that's it. That was everything I got this time. All right. What do you think? I'm still confused about the grinder. What's to be confused? How is that switch related? It's a Pokeball. Gotta catch them all. I like all of these. I think they're really cool. Shout out to the people on Etsy that made them. Links down below if you want to grab them. I'll leave Kim's Etsy down there too. You can grab something that Kim's made. I don't make feet curbies. I'm so sorry. She should. That's number one. I feel like the work that goes into this makes this number two. Put this here. And this little rocker guy will go way down there. That's more your fault than their fault. You want to lose products and you're complaining that it's lose. You end it. How? I don't know. I'll be like, bye everyone. Thanks for watching. Subscribe and like. Here.  You got it? Yeah. My husband is the best person in the whole world. Hey, come on man. Like and subscribe. I appreciate you guys watching and we'll see you next time. Trust me one more time. I was doing it. Oh, you were? Yeah. Oh, he's so handsome. Oh no.


Now why is this important? Obviously, we're guessing as you listen, you probably recognize one or two of these things that really matter to you more than the others. And according to Chapman, everyone has a primary and a secondary love language. But while it's helpful to know your own preference, it's even more important to know the preference of your partner, your friend, your coworker, so you can communicate more effectively that value, that appreciation that we're talking about. You know, once again, we talk about adding value, giving people attention, approval, and acceptance to add value to the world around us, and now you have five different ways to receive and deliver that value. And what's great about this is playing the game of what is everyone's language around me, and then feeding them exactly what they want and watching what happens after a week, after two weeks. That's the emotional intelligence and the charm that we've been talking about for the last 12 years. Now, let's talk about how to do this, and this is all about open conversations. When you are trying to discern what your friend, partner's coworkers love language is, we gotta be open and vulnerable with each other. So how do we do that? And we know with friends and coworkers, it's not so easy, but it's worth it because when you're not having effective communication around trust, value, appreciation of the other person, well, we can see the communication breakdowns leading to some problems. Well, as Gary Chapman, he talks about that each of us have an emotional tank, and that tank needs to be filled with love. And if we are not, if our tank is on empty, we're going to look elsewhere in order to get that filled because as we talked about in many other episodes here, when that is filled, you feel connected, you feel wanted, you feel appreciated, you feel safe when that is empty, you don't feel safe, you feel scared. And of course, at that point, you're not going to feel very good about yourself and where you are and the people around you. Now, before we get into open conversations, let's talk about some simple ways that we can start paying closer attention to these behaviors. The easiest way is to look for how people around you behave when you've done something amazing that you're proud of. Are they touching you? Are they giving you a gift? Are they celebrating you with words of affirmation? These are the little signals that we need to be paying closer attention to. And as we've obviously covered before, Dr. Gottman's research around emotional bids, understanding people's ways and methods for trying to connect with us, for those of you who haven't been listening, you know it's important for us to examine the science behind the concepts we teach. That is what this show is all about. And Chapman's love languages are clearly written outside of the realm of scientific literature. So we did some research about their scientific validity and we found an interesting paper by Nicole Egbert and Denise Polk that was published in 2006. They write, all of the claims bear a striking resemblance to literature about relational maintenance. Relational maintenance refers to behaviors enacted to preserve desired relational features. The use of these behaviors has been connected with equity, love, satisfaction, and commitment. As I was saying, trust, right? Several typologies of maintenance behaviors exist and many of these items parallel what Chapman in 1992 calls love languages. So don't let the woo-woo love languages. I know my scientists listening, analytical guys who are like, and gals, wait, what love language? Come on, AJ, Johnny, I thought you guys are into science. The science is in. What we're talking about, these examples, science is buried out, are how we equate love, satisfaction, and commitment, and trust with someone else.


I'm going to demonstrate some very basic commands we can use on a Linux computer inside the terminal. To keep this short I'm going to give one or two quick examples of some of the commands, omit some of the details. Some more information can be found on this Linux reference card, which lists many of the commands at very short description. But really the best way to learn them is to try them yourself. So maybe look at these examples and then explore them yourself. So let's get started. First what we do, we type in commands and they're executed on our computer. We type those commands in at a prompt. And the prompt is shown by this dollar sign here. And the stuff before the dollar sign gives us some information about our computer and current user, saying I'm currently logged in as the user called network. The name of my computer is called node1. And this tutor character, the squiggly lion, tells us something about the directory we're currently in. Another way to tell us what directory I'm currently in on my computer is using the command pwd, the present working directory. And it tells me I'm in the directory called slash home slash network. And our directories are organized in a hierarchy, where the topmost or the root directory is referred to as simply a slash character. That's the root directory. There's a subdirectory of that called home. And a further subdirectory of that called network. We can see the contents of directories using LS. LS lists the contents of directories. And it tells me what's in my current directory slash home slash network. And in this case, LS tells me there's something called vertnet there. Now the contents are either files or other subdirectories. How do we know the difference? Sometimes the color coding can give you the hint. In my case, I see blue, the word vertnet. But to really know for sure, using the LS option, the LS command, there's an option minus L to show me the output in the long format. And it tells me that there's something called vertnet. It has some timestamp and some size. Of importance for us right now is this very first letter is a D, telling me vertnet is a directory. If it was a dash there, there was no D. You would tell me that it was a file. So that's the best way to determine whether something's a file or directory. That very first letter in the output of LS minus L. So vertnet is a directory. I can change into directories using CD. CD followed by the directory I want to change into. I want to change into the directory vertnet. PWD tells me I'm now in slash home slash network slash vertnet. If I want to go back up a level in the hierarchy to slash home slash network, there's a special case where we can do CD dot dot to go up and level. And we're back into slash home slash network and go up another level into slash home and up to the root directory. So dot dot means go up a level in the hierarchy. You should note also in the prompt now that this blue character before the dollar sign or the blue characters is giving me a shorthand version of the current directory. So it's saying where I currently am on the disk. So in fact sometimes we don't need to run PWD. We can use the prompt. But in some systems the prompt may display differently. So it's useful to know PWD. I'm currently in the root directory. I can change back to a specific directory. By typing the full path or slash home slash network slash vertnet if I want to go into that directory. And PWD tells me that I'm in slash home slash network slash vertnet. Slash home slash network. This portion is the home directory of the user called network. And that's a special directory and there's a shortcut for that. And the shortcut for your home directory is the tilde character. So really in this case the tilde character here replaces slash home slash network. So I could go to the root directory and I could go into the vertnet directory without having to type slash home slash network. I'll use the tilde character instead. And another shortcut to go home. Just type cd and it takes you to your home directory. With directories the other thing is the LS. We see there's already a directory called vertnet. We can make new directories. Let's call this new directory Steve. And we do it LS minus L. And we see now we have two things inside our current directory. They are both directories. Steve is the new one I created. I can change into Steve by LS. There's nothing in there at the moment. You go back up a level. And I can remove that directory assuming it's empty. LS. Steve is gone. We only have vertnet left. So that's some quick operations on directories. PWD, cd to change directories, make directory, remove directory and LS. And LS has a number of options. And some of them listed there. One we saw is to show the output in long format with the minus L option. And we saw some special directories, the root directory, the home directory and upper directory. Now let's look at some simple file operations. So let's go into the vertnet directory and do an LS. And we see inside four items. LS minus L tells me that three of those items, BIM, data and SRC or source are all sub directories. While something called readme.txt is a file, I know that because there's a dash there. It's not a directory. Therefore it's a file. And I'm guessing it's a text file. And one way to quickly view text files is to use the less command followed by the file name. I want to see the contents of that file, read the text file. I don't want to edit it, just view it. LS will show me that. I press enter. And now I can use my keyboard up and down or page up and down to scroll up and down through the file and read it. And when I finish reading it, I want to go back to the command prompt. I press Q to quit. So I press Q now and I'm back to the command prompt. LS shows us a file and allows us to explore a text file. Let's copy that file and copy it to a different directory. My current directory is in my home and the sub directory is called vertnet. I'm going to copy the readme.txt file and copy it up one level. Where up is the dot dot. And let's now change up a level and LS and we see readme.txt is there. So I've copied the file from one directory to another. And as you guessed, the file still exists in vertnet. So readme has been copied. We can view the contents of it using LS. Of course sometimes we may want to edit the contents of the text file. We can use nano. Nano is a very basic text editor we have available. Nano followed by the file name. We can go up and down with our keyboard and page up and down. We can edit and add some text in here. And down the bottom we have a simple menu The character means the control key. To save is called the write the file to the disk or write out. So control O will save. Control X will exit. If you press control X and you haven't saved it will prompt you. Do you want to save it? Yes, I do. Do you want to change the file name or keep it the same? I want to keep it the same. So I'll press enter. And just to check let's look readme and you can see the new text. The new file is there. Queue to quit less. So we can copy files. We can edit files with nano. We can view them with less. This is simply text files at the moment. We can rename files using move. We move the file to a new name. You can also use move to move a file to a different directory. So moving, copying and viewing are important operations on files. We can use RM to remove. Another operation to display the contents is cat. We can see the first few lines of the file using head. And the last few lines using tail. And you can create files which have nothing in them using touch. Let's simply remove the file that we've created. RMabc.txt. Unless it's gone. So some quick introduction to operations on directories and files. The best way to learn these commands is to try them. Have a look at the Linux reference card. Most of the commands have some syntax or some extra options. And you can usually find them in the help pages. And that's referred to as the manual page. To view the manual page for a command, we use man followed by the command. Manls shows us the help for the ls command. And we can scroll through and we see the many different options available. And they explain to you if you forget those options. Like less, if we want to get out, we press Q to quit. And we're back to the prompt.


K-7 returns. America's number one adventurer, K-7, former United States secret agent who operated in 22 countries on land, on sea, and in the air, brings you another modern story of today. Here is K-7. Ladies and gentlemen, in several of my recent stories, I have hinted of the activities of spies today. As all who read know, this activity is very real, and often more menacing to peace than the plots of the international crooks. No government is free from their threat.  My old friend, John Holbrook, will take up the story at this point. Thank you, K-7. Recently, K-7 told a story of propaganda, a story in which Rita Drake, daughter of a special agent, called on B-9 to rescue her father. Following that adventure, B-9 remained with the Drake for several days. He was expecting a cablegram. Our story now opens as the message arrives. B-9. Yes, Rita. I'm over here reading. B-9, the cable you've been expecting has just arrived. I signed for it. Oh, thank you. And let me have it, please. Does it mean that you're going to leave us? Yes, Rita. I'm afraid it does. This is extremely important. One of the continent's most dangerous spies is at work. Are you going after him? Yes, but it's not a man, Rita. This spy is a woman and... What's the matter? I was just thinking. Let me read you this cablegram. Sample of poison gas tested. Found to be exceptionally deadly. Zora Laval also after it. It's signed K-7. K-7? Is he working on the K-2? No, but I sent the gas to him to be tested. This is his report. Rita, would you like to work on this case with me? Would I? Of course I would, B-9. But do you think father'd let me? Yes, I'm sure he would. I'm going to have to deal with a woman, and I think you can be useful. Tell me what I'd have to do. Where is this woman's spy? I think I know where to find her. But let me outline the whole case. An old chemist, Dr. de Le Mans, has discovered a particularly deadly gas. The information paddlers are after the formula. If they should get it, well, I don't like to think what might happen.  I can't believe that a woman... Oh, she couldn't sell a gas like that. She could, and she would, Rita. You don't know Zora Laval. She's beautiful and heartless. I've got to get to Dr. de Le Mans before she does, and you're going with me. B-9 and Rita took off by plane within an hour. They had a continent to cross. But they were too late. For even while they were in the air, the crafty Zora Laval talked with the old chemist, Dr. de Le Mans. She used woman's most powerful weapons, beauty and charm. But don't you see, doctor, this gas you have discovered could be dropped from airplanes on cities. It would kill thousands of defenseless women and children. Oh, my gosh, will never be your soul.  It must be destroyed, doctor, but you must let me do it. I have come to you representing the women of the world. It is women who must destroy such deadly weapons of war. I see no reason why I should give it to you. You must, doctor. If you should destroy your formula yourself, no one would be sure it was gunned. Spies would believe you still possessed it. Your life would be in constant danger. But if it were known that the gas and formula had been given to me... They would stop pestering me, perhaps, eh? That is it, doctor. One spy has already called on you. Eh? How do you know that? I have heard that he was here in the city. He calls himself B-9. This special agent? He has been here, hasn't he? Yes, he's last week. What do you use, a special agent? No, doctor, he is a spy. His credentials are false. It is men like him who would not believe that your formula was gunned.  It is enough. I even gave him a sample of my gas. You gave B-9 a sample? Tell me, doctor, can the gas be analyzed? No, no, it is impossible. The formula is needed. Then give me a cylinder of gas and your formula. Doctor, give it to me before it is too late. Yes, yes, you shall have it. Wait, the cylinder is small. It is here on my bench. Eh, take it.  The valve on top must never be turned. Thank you, doctor. Next week there will be a mass meeting of the women who love peace. This cylinder will be destroyed before their eyes. Then your formula will also be burned. You will give me that too. Yes, yes, take it, take it. Let the world know that Dr. De Le Mans has destroyed his poison gas. Here, here is the formula. Thank you, doctor. There is no other copy? That is the only one. Then I will leave you. And if B-9 returns, tell him that you have given you a gas and formula to Zora Laval. A few hours later, B-9 arrived in the small city and immediately called on the old chemist. Oh, good afternoon, doctor. Sure, it is you. Go away, I do not want to talk with you. Doctor!   My poison gas and formula have been given to Zora Laval. You and the other spies have lost.  The old man refused to say more. Zora Laval had tricked him and possessed both the poison gas and the formula. B-9 worked fast. First, he traced the spy. A hotel clerk gave him his first clue. I made reservations for her, monsieur. She took the late afternoon continental express. Next, B-9 wireless K-7 and asked that certain arrangements be made to board the train. The message came back by radio. Official orders have been given the train crew. If you fly by plane, you can catch the train and flag it. Once aboard, you will be in complete command. This is K-7 speaking. That night, Rita and B-9 were landed near a small railroad station many miles from the old chemist's laboratory. Together, they waited on the station platform. Rita, I am leaving a lot on your hands. You know what to do. Yes, B-9. As soon as we board the train, you will be put in the same compartment with Zora Laval. Keep the small container always at your side. And remember, do nothing without using what it contains. I remember. Look, the train. I can see the light. We'll be aboard in a minute. It's going to stop for us. You're on your own now, Rita. I don't want you to be seen with me once we're aboard. Keep your head. I'll be here with you. There's the conductor. Monsieur, you are? Yes, we are the passengers for whom you stop conductor. This young lady is to be put in the compartment with Zora Laval. I understand, monsieur. We have received orders. Monsieur, may I help you? We must start. Thank you. You'll need me. I'll be somewhere outside your compartment door. Don't worry, B-9. I know what to do. This way, ma'am. The train roared through the night. And one by one, the slits of light under compartment doors blinked out as travelers went to their births. The light in compartment 17 burned until nearly midnight. Then it, too, was blotted out. Outside the compartment door, B-9 kept vigil. Are you still up? Why have you been hurt?  The train is in dark. Almost the better. Don't worry about me. I'm sure if there's anything I can do. There's nothing, nothing anyone can do. Monsieur, you're worried. If you knew what was going on behind that compartment door, you would be worried, too. Now leave me alone. I'll call you if there's anything I want. Yes, monsieur. Good night. Behind the door of compartment 17, two women slept or appeared to sleep. Then one slowly rose from her bed. She adjusted something in the darkness. Then cautiously crept toward a corner in which two traveling bags rested. Silently, she tried first one key and then another. Then a lock snapped open. Stand where you are.   What are you doing with my bags? Don't move toward the light switch. You tell me what I must do.  Remain where you are, girl, Laval. I have your formula. You will never leave this train with it. And I also have your container of poison gas. If you attempt to put on the lights, I'll turn the valve and release the gas. You wouldn't dare do that. This compartment would become a death sack. I'll turn the valve if you move. You are bluffing. I'm coming after you. I've warned you. Listen. You fool! Don't try to get away, Mr. Laval. Let me draw the gas. You're under arrest. I had to make certain you had the gas on point when I was here. Please, please let me go.  If that gas should come out under a door, you don't understand what the rest of that gas would mean to us. I know that as well as you do. The pain would be nine. You opened the window, sweetheart. Yes. As soon as she ran out of the compartment, the speed of the train has cleared the room. I left the gas that remained in the cylinder escape into the wind. Good. Then it's been dissipated into the wind. It'll harm no one. You have the formula? Yes, it's here. Good, Rita. Our work is done. You can remove your gas mask. It's coming. It seems good to get it off.  Now we've got one more job. Perhaps we should wait until Zora Laval comes out of her faint. I'd like to have her watch us. What are you going to do? Take this match and strike it, Rita. All right.  In the name of world peace. Once again, a special agent served the cause of peace. Zora Laval was imprisoned. She no longer menaces the nations of the world. And may I repeat here, spies are active in every country today. To know of their activities is to be warned against them. Listen for my next story. This is K7 Speaking.


Welcome to this week's What I Eat in a Day. As you saw, a little bit of my morning routine. I thought that it would be fun to kind of show you what a typical morning is for me. Of course, having coffee, giving the dog treats, making Troy's lunch, getting ready for the day. I'm currently in my office with my first cup of water out of my gallon for the day. I wanted to come on, say hello, and welcome you to today's video. If you are excited for another What I Eat in a Day, don't forget to give this video a big thumbs up. It's free, it's quick, it's simple, and it definitely helps out my channel. And if you're watching and you're not yet subscribed, don't forget to hit that little subscribe button and click the bell right next to it so you don't miss a single video. I do upload five days a week, and Wednesday is always What I Eat in a Day. And of course, I'd love to have you join me here on YouTube. Also down in the description box, you're going to find my newly released recipe ebook. It is the third one in my four ebook series, and it is dinner recipes. I can't tell you how much I love this ebook. I can't believe how amazing it turned out. It's beautiful. And the recipes, the recipes are a million out of 10. They are the best of the best when it comes to kid-friendly, family-friendly, WW low-calorie, healthy recipes. So definitely, if you haven't already, make sure you head on over to my website, nutrition.com, and pick up the dinner recipe ebook. Lunch and breakfast are also released, and I will be coming out with snacks and desserts relatively shortly, and that will complete the four ebook series. So I'll make sure everything is linked down below for you with all of the other links and discounts to my favorite things. And don't forget to join us on Facebook. We'd love to have you join that community as well. So I actually have a pretty chill, relaxed day today. I'm filming this video on Sunday, as always. I will be doing my meal prep today, hanging out with the dogs, doing a little bit of laundry, catching up on some work on YouTube. I need to create a Thanksgiving intro and then edit my meal prep once I'm done with it today. It's just going to be a relaxed day. We're putting dinner in the crock pot to make it really simple, but we're doing a copycat recipe, a copycat Texas Roadhouse pot roast recipe. So I'm really excited for that. It's going to be absolutely delicious and comforting on a cool fall day. But before we jumped into the day, I just wanted to hop on and say hello. Wish you guys the best Wednesday ever. And let's get back into today's what I eat in a day. So here is my breakfast for this morning. This looks amazing. Of course, I had to put it on a Halloween plate. Let me show you exactly what I'm having for breakfast. We'll go over points and calories. So I have two of the Western Alternative Pumpkin Bagelettes. You guys know I love these. They're seasonal. They are currently available on the Western Bagel website. They're one point per little mini bagel. But if you have two of them, WWMath makes them three points. So I have three points for the two alternative bagels. And then I put two tablespoons total of the Trader Joe's Pumpkin Cream Cheese. You guys, this is the best cream cheese for pumpkin for fall. It is so, so good. And that is three points for two tablespoons. And then I had two of these Wilcox free range eggs. These were pre-harboiled, individually packaged. I bought these at natural grocers, which is like our sprouts or whole foods. And that is zero points for the two eggs. And then I just topped them with a little bit of the everything but the bagel seasoning. And then I have a big handful of fresh blueberries. So my breakfast for today is a total of six points. The only things I have to count points for are the bagels and the cream cheese. And I'll go ahead and put the total calories here on the screen. What are you doing? Oh, hi. How are you? Yeah? Hi, Rat Rat. What you doing? You got your Halloween babies? Yeah, you got your Halloween baby.  For dinner tonight, I am making Copycat Texas Roadhouse Pot Roast. I am so excited for this recipe. It's going in the crock pot so it's currently about 8.15 in the morning. This does need to cook for about eight to 10 hours on low, so I'm going to get it started. Let me show you what's in our recipe. You're going to need a roast. So mine is a grass-fed boneless chuck roast. This is from the butcher box. You guys know how much I love my butcher box. So I always order my red meat through them. Oftentimes I will order my chicken. It is just such high quality. It tastes so much better. Once you have grass-fed grass-finished beef, it's really hard to go back to store-bought, just traditional farm-raised beef. It's very, very different. So I am excited to have this. It's going to be amazing. I will link butcher box down below with $30 off of your first box when you sign up. Highly recommend. And I think they are doing ground beef for life right now, which means you get ground beef free in every single order for the rest of your life, which is incredible. Their ground beef is amazing. So I'll make sure butcher box is leaked down below. You're also going to need some celery, garlic, minced garlic, or fresh garlic, bell peppers. The only onion I have is a red onion. You could use white onion or red onion, but we're going with red. You'll need some thyme, tomato sauce, barbecue sauce, salt and pepper, beef broth, or beef bouillon. So the recipe calls for beef bouillon cubes. I don't have those. So I'm just going to substitute beef broth. And then you're also going to need some potatoes. So the first thing I'm going to do is prepare all the vegetables for the roast. So we do need a couple of stalks of celery, a couple of potatoes. I'm going to cut up an entire bell pepper because mine are pretty small. The recipe does call for half of a bell pepper, but because mine are so small and a little extra bell pepper, never hurt anyone. I'm going to put in a full one, mince some garlic, and I'm going to chop up about half of this onion. So I went ahead and added my roast to my crock pot. I am using a liner as usual, really truly makes cleanup so much easier. I have my bowl here of the potatoes, onions, bell pepper, garlic, celery, all the good things. So I'm going to add those right over the top of the roast. Now I'm going to add half of a cup or this really small can of tomato sauce, half of a cup of barbecue sauce. I am just going to eyeball it. And then half of a cup of beef broth. This takes the place of the bullion cubes and the half of a cup of water that the recipe calls for. We're going to do some salt, pepper, and thyme. So here is what it looks like so far. It's actually really pretty, very colorful. I am going to set this on low for eight to 10 hours. Throughout the cooking time, I will go ahead and come over and stir it, make sure everything gets mixed really well, but you want to make sure your roast sits on the bottom and is topped with all of the vegetables, sauces, and seasonings. It is my morning snack time. Per the usual, I'm having kombucha. This is the health aid grapefruit kombucha. This is 80 calories per bottle. It is technically three points on WW, but as you know, I just count it as one point. There's no added sugar to this. It's all natural, really good for probiotic, gut health. This and the Thrive Gut Health test have made my gut in its best condition ever. I will go ahead and link that Thrive Gut Health test down below for you. It's currently 70% off. So if you haven't had your gut health tested, this is the perfect time to do that at such an amazing price. So I am going to have kombucha and then I'm going to have one of my organ kids bars. It's 130 calories and four points. It's made with whole grains. It's incredibly delicious. So four points for the organe bar, one point for the kombucha. Of course, I will link the bars down below with a discount on the organe website. I have the peanut butter and the chocolate chip and I love them both. So that's my snack. So here is my lunch for today. We are keeping it simple. This is one of my ham and cheese pinwheels that I made on Monday in meal prep. If you haven't seen Monday's meal prep, check it out. The three recipes are so good. This is one of my favorite meal preps and it was so, so easy. So I'm having one of those and then I have half of a cup of my favorite good culture full fat cottage cheese. That is three points for the cottage cheese, six points for the pinwheel. So my lunch is going to be a total of nine points on my cute little boo plate. I just got off of my coaching call and I just wanted to hop on really quickly and say thank you to everybody who's purchased the dinner recipe e-book that I launched on Sunday. It's been a huge hit. You guys are loving it. A lot of you have reached out and said that you're so excited to complete your series with book number four. If you haven't ordered the dinner e-book, it is of course still available. 15 recipes, all WW plan points and calories included. So thank you guys for your support. It really means a lot to me. I just sent out a bunch of additional e-books for people that had purchased them via email. It comes to your email so it's super, super easy and it reminded me to hop on and say a formal thank you for all of your support. It seriously means the world to me. I'll be launching the fourth e-book and then I have my calendar coming out and my meal planner. So lots of fun resources to help you reach your goals coming your way. But thank you guys so, so, so much from the bottom of my heart. It is afternoon snack time. It is about three o'clock. I have to get on a coaching call so I'm quickly going to have some quest protein chips. This is the loaded taco. These are my favorite. They're so good. They're only four points per bag. I love them. There's 19 grams of protein and they literally taste like you're eating a taco. So it satisfies that taco craving but also that like crunchy chip craving. And I wanted to show you guys that I am just about done with my water. I'm actually on nine PM. I just filled my cup up. I'll have my down a water done before dinner. So yay me. So I'm having some water and my quest chips. Eight hours later. Texas Roadhouse Copycat Pot Roast is done. This looks so good. It smells absolutely incredible. You can see all the bell peppers, the potatoes, all the steam. There we go. And everything that the roast has been cooking in it just smells so good. It is always funny to me how little it ends up being after it cooks.  But this looks really, really good. We're going to slice it up, plate it up and I'll be back to share points and calories. My dinner is eight points on both the blue and green plan and only seven on purple because you don't have to count for the potatoes. This looks absolutely incredible. I have a big piece of the pot roast, some of the potatoes, bell peppers, celery. It looks really delicious. Like I said, I feel like I'm at the Texas Roadhouse at home. This is going to be my eight smart point dinner. So for dessert tonight, I'm having a little Halloween treat. These are my Yum Earth organic little packets of candy corn. I actually bought these at Natural Grocers for the suggestion of the cashier. These are really good, nice clean ingredient or pretty clean ingredient candy corn. They taste really good just like regular candy corn, just better ingredients. The entire little package is only 70 calories or three points. So not bad at all if you love candy corn. This is a good way to have it portioned out for you so that it's less likely to overeat because they do come in the little individual baggie. ["The Little Individual Baggie"] Thank you for joining me on this week's What I Eat in a Day on WW. I hope you enjoyed coming along with me and the dogs today for all of this amazing food, that pot roast copycat Texas Roadhouse recipe. That was the best pot roast I have ever, ever had. So definitely, if you love pot roast, if you want an easy crock pot dinner, make that recipe. It's so, so good. My recipe website is linked down in the description box along with the three recipe e-books. Definitely pick all three up if you haven't already. I am so happy with how they've turned out but like I said in my video, dinner is kind of my favorite. I think it is a million out of 10. I'm so incredibly excited about it. You'll also find links and discounts to everything I shared with you today as well as all of my other favorite things and don't forget to head on over, join us on Facebook. We would love to have you be part of that community as well. Happy Wednesday, friends and I'll see you all in Friday's weigh-in. Bye.


Welcome back to Understanding Design. Last time, we spoke about design for society. Today's topic is design for sustainability. To discuss this, we have with us Gitanjali Sachdev faculty at the Srishti Institute of Art, Design and Technology at Bangalore. Good to have you here, Gitanjali. Thanks, Neena. The concept of sustainability has become increasingly relevant in all spheres of living. It plays a key role in addressing environmental and social concerns, which are critical today. Let's take a closer look. Gitanjali do explain to us the concept of sustainability and what has design got to do with it? Sustainability has to do with being environmentally conscious, but it's also much more than that. It also has to do with social equity and economic development. It implies meeting one's own needs without compromising the ability to meet the needs of the future generation. Sustainability really applies to all kinds of design, product design, textile design, furniture design, systems and services design. My background is in visual communication, but I trained in pedagogy. That's what I do at Srishti. I teach art and design. Really, because sustainability has become such a critical concept today and it's so relevant, you have to bring it into all kinds of design, whether it's cost design or like I said, the earlier genres of design, product systems and services design. Tell us more. How does sustainability relate to design? What's the relationship and how do you bring the idea in? It can be an underpinning to the design you do.  At the end of this course, what I'd really like to do is for students to be able to evaluate how good or bad a design is based on the criteria of sustainability that they apply to their work. I'm going to talk about a few designers who've deployed the concept in their work and show some videos that we looked at while we were discussing the idea. Nina, I've been talking to some of my colleagues at Srishti and around the areas of sustainability. There's a gentleman by the name of Ravi Mani. He's a sustainable development consultant in the areas of architecture and energy solutions. And he teaches our undergraduate students courses on sustainability. And I'd like to share with you some of the videos he shared with me and some of his ideas. Oh yeah, let's see. The conventional approach to product design or manufacturing used to be focused primarily on the economic factors, which were cost, quality and lead time. How much does this product cost? At what quality level should we pitch it in the market? And how long will it take to produce the product and also to manufacture and ship it to the customers? But typically the rate at which materials were consumed or how the waste was being processed going back into the environment was not a major part of the consideration. Because the rate of consumption became really very high compared to the rate at which nature can regenerate these resources. Sustainability became a very important factor to consider in product design. So sustainability in terms of responsible consumption and also the waste management became a central core concept to address in product design. So really when doing design for sustainability there are three lenses which a designer needs to look at. One is environmental factors. Two is economic factors and three is socio-cultural factors. That's not very hard to remember. So let's watch a really well-known video. It's called the Story of Stuff and some of you may have seen it already. By now you know the drill. Go to the next tab and click and then come back to us when you're done.


And maybe they're right, but what the hell? I figured I'd bring in a couple of authorities to bolster my view. And so this is complete by accident. I like watching Glenn Lowry. I often watch him with John McWhorter. And I think there's some of the better intellectuals out there, certainly on issues of race. They're very, very strong and very, very good about this. So I was watching one of their episodes. And Glenn Lowry goes into this whole description of basically the fear he has, which is exactly aligned with my fear.  Just to give you some context, Glenn Lowry is describing an interview he did with a long interview, long-form interview, which is behind a paywall on Fox with Tucker Carlson. He's discussing the generally positive experience he had with Tucker Carlson. I guess John McWhorter objected, didn't like the idea that Lowry was going on Tucker Carlson's show. He's, John is very, very anti-Tucker, anti-Trump as well, but anti-Tucker. And so that's the context. Lowry is basically expressing how positive his experience was with Tucker and the kind of things that they talked about, things that they talked about. And here is, so this is Glenn Lowry, let me just get him on screen, is Glenn Lowry. This is Glenn Lowry's discussion of this topic that he talked about with Tucker. Glenn Lowry, you know, distinguished economist agrees with me about X, Y and Z and therefore I was going to be a prop and I was prepared.  He basically interviewed me in a manner more or less the way that Oprah might have interviewed. Whoops. I didn't. It started earlier than I wanted to. Sorry. Let me skip ahead. It's around here. This is something that I explore with Charles Murray next week as well, the growing possibility of white backlash in an age of identity, you know, the possibility that not white supremacists because they're out there and they've already got white identity stuff going on. But what about ordinary Joe and Jane working class white person who doesn't think of themselves especially as being white until you remind them day in and day out with your critical race theory informed arguments that they are white, that they are supremacists, that they are privileged, that they're whatever and what happens when they start embracing these notions of racial identity with with a zeal because after all, if we're going to live in a world of racial identities, the largest one of them is going to be white. I mean, it amazes me. So Tucker and I agreed about this. It amazes me that people haven't figured this out. They add up the Chinese and Koreans with the Mexicans and Puerto Ricans with the Nigerian immigrants with the African Americans descended from slaves and they find a number that's bigger than 50% soon enough. And then they declare white people are going to be in a minority. What they haven't figured out is that if white people actually are a race, self consciously thinking of themselves as a race, they're going to be the largest of the groups by far. Even when they're less than 50%, they're still 45%. Black people are 13% of the population. Latinos are 18% of the population. So do you really want that? And we had Tucker and I an extended discussion about why you don't really want to encourage a world in which white people come to think. They say they already do. No, no, they don't. They're at the fringes they do. But ordinary Jane and Joe are not walking around thinking about themselves as I'm a white person. What are white people's interests and so on? So we had a spirit to. So I completely agree with what you just said. I think that it's absolutely right. I think the biggest fear is that we move further towards tribalism. That we expand the scope of tribalism. Right now, much of the tribalism is being driven by the left and much of that is being driven by African Americans on the left. But if we expand that tribalism to include whites as a group, as a tribe, the violence, the oppression, the authoritarianism.  But as soon as they're done with whatever is on the left, they'll go after whoever they think is an individualist, whoever doesn't fit. So the real danger is we continue that instead of the response to CRT, instead of the response that left being individualism, the sanctity of the individual, the value of the individual, that the response be no, we are whites, we are smarter, we are what, whatever. Rights aren't the smartest. That that be the standard, that the tribalism be the standard. That's the end of freedom in this country. That's the real danger. Luckily in America, particularly over the last 50 years, we've moved away from viewing each other as members of races, of races. And what CRT is going to push people is to get back to that, is to get back to a view of race. And going back to that view is horrific. I've said often that I don't think race is a thing. It doesn't exist. It is a creation of pseudoscientists. It's a creation of racists. And to the extent that we're going to now embrace more and more people in this culture are going to embrace racism. And it'll be caused by the left. That is scary. That is truly a scary notion. And that's the worst damage, I think, that CRT is going to do. It's going to drive this country further and further towards greater and greater racism, towards greater and greater oppression, towards less and less freedom. And you've seen that already.  Charles Murray is one of those good guys that some of you, some of you just love, Charles Murray. So let's listen to Charles Murray. Glenn Lowry's going to start and he's going to let Charles Riff, and let's see what Charles Murray thinks the real threat is as a result of CRT and as a result of all this horror on the left. Then you can watch this on YouTube. This is a 15-minute segment of the interview. I'm only going to play a few of them in three or four minutes. Did you can watch the whole thing where he talks about the left, but it's interesting to talk about, to watch what he says, what he's going to say in the segment that I've got here. I know for many people, Charles Murray is a massive hero because of his work on IQ that validates for some people this sense of superiority because according to Charles, they have, because they're a part of a group that has high IQ, they therefore are superior. But Charles Murray is pretty old. But all right, let's see what Charles has to say. I've met Charles. I don't know if you know, but we spoke at the same conference a few years ago. He's a really, really nice guy. So we had a chance to chat. Let me play this one second. Let me find it. There we go. Press play. Without yet another rough. Whoops. Why am I again on the wrong time stamp? Oh, I switched the two times. I'm sorry. I'll put the other video on this time stamp and put this time to time on the one that I meant for the other video. All right. There we go. Now fixed. Go. Let me see if I'm getting you. So there's a threat from the left and there's a threat from the right. You haven't talked about the threat from the right yet. The threat from the left around a kind of relativism that makes racially equal outcomes the God of their attention and then looks away from facts and kind of anti-rational and things like I can't explain differences amongst individuals and their earnings in the labor market by reference to amongst other things differences in their cognitive ability. Give an example of that. But what is the threat from the right? I like the way characterizes, by the way, the threat from the left. It's about equality of outcome. It's about irrationality, the rejection of reason or rejection of rationality. I mean, Glenn Lauri is really good. If you want to see people fighting the CRT, I mean really fighting. Watch Glenn Lauri and John McQuota. I mean, these guys are really smart and they know the enemy and they're really fighting him. So he has a good sense of who the enemy on the left actually is. But let's get in on what Charles has to say. This is where disaster is looming the closest.  Now notice, this is where disaster is the most. This is where it's the worst. Where? I'm not really worried about the white supremacists and the white nationalists. I think they're a very small component of the right. I'll tell you who I'm worried about. I'm worried about all of the working class and middle class whites who have had it beaten into their, you know, they can't turn on the TV without yet another reference to the fact that they are bad people, that they have a white privilege, that they have been the cause of blacks problems and the problems of people of color in general and that they had better to be their ways or else. And an awful lot of these people are angered by this in a very visceral way. They're saying to themselves, hey, I have black colleagues at work, Latino worker co-workers, and people in my neighborhood. And I treat them with respect. And I treat them with friendship. I have not behaved and as a racist, I am trying to raise my kids and get them through college and make ends meet.  And I sure don't see that I have any white privilege. And so there, you will not see an in-depth reporting on this kind of white person by the mainstream media. At least I haven't seen it. That's got to be a big number of people. And now let's get to the specifics here. Blacks constitute 12.7% of the population as of 2020. Latinos are about 18% of the population. And let's face it, an awful lot of the energy for the progressive critical race theory is coming from blacks specifically. So now you've got 13% of the population there. Non-Latino whites still constitute 60% of the population. That's way down from 30, 40 years ago, but it's still 60%. What is the proportion of that 60% who are really, really getting pissed? What is the proportion of them who are, and here's where the danger is, but are starting to say to themselves, well, guess what? I'm an identity too. And you want to play identity politics? OK, we can go with that playbook. And if you get a substantial proportion of whites who not just voted for Donald Trump, you can have voted for Donald Trump for all sorts of reasons that doesn't make you far right. But it's no longer that. It's no longer political in the sense it was before. It's a much more racially grounded fight than it was before. Now, do I know for a fact that you have this phenomenon going on? I can point to indicators. But how much of that is the result of the last couple of years? And how much of that has been growing because of white middle class and working class anger at that the elites that goes back to the 1990s? I don't know about that. I'm saying that if whites start to play identity politics, then basically we're facing some kind of disaster. I don't know how it's going to play out. All right. Charles Moe. Not me. Not Glenn Lowery. Not some other person you don't know. Charles Moe is saying that disaster is going to come when whites stop playing identity politics. That that is the real danger that this country faces. And what can I say? As you know, I agree completely. I've been saying this for years now. This is not new to me. It is truly scary. What we need today, what I call the new intellectual, would be any man or woman who is willing to think. Meaning any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason, by the intellect, not by feelings, wishes, wins, or mystic revelations. Any man or woman who values his life and who does not want to give in to today's cult of despair, cynicism, and impotence and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist roads. All right. Before we go on, reminder, please like the show. We've got 163 live listeners right now, 30 likes. That should be at least 100. I think at least 100 of you actually like the show.  But at least the people who are liking it, you know, I want to see a thumbs up. There you go. Start liking it. I want to see that go to 100. All it takes is a click of a thing, whether you're looking at this. And you know the likes matter. It's not an issue of my ego. It's an issue of the algorithm. The more you like something, the more the algorithm likes it. So, you know, and if you don't like the show, give it a thumbs down. Let's see your actual views being reflected in the likes. But if you like it, don't just sit there, help get the show promoted. Of course, you should also share. And you can support the show at yourunbrookshow.com slash support on Patreon or subscribe star or locals and show your support for the work, for the value, hopefully you're receiving from this.  Cause that way you'll know when to show up. You'll know what shows are on, when they're on. You'll get notified, right? So yes, like, share, subscribe, support. Like, share, subscribe, support. There you go. Easy. Do one or all of those, please.


Within thermodynamic analysis we will also be looking at properties and we'll be using properties extensively throughout the course so let's take a look at the different types of properties that we will be dealing with. When we're discussing properties we have two different types there are what are referred to as being extensive properties and these are essentially properties that are dependent upon the mass or the size of the system. Examples of these could be mass itself so mass or volume or total energy and notice with the exception of mass what I'm doing for the extensive properties is I'm writing them as being a capital letter so in the case of volume a capital V total energy a capital E. We'll talk about specific properties in a moment but before we get to that we also have intensive properties and these are properties that do not depend upon the size of the system and examples of these could be temperature or pressure so temperature and we will use the nomenclature capital T for temperature and capital P for pressure. Now I had mentioned that we have extensive properties we have intensive properties we also have specific properties. What specific properties are is they are basically just extensive properties per unit mass and so examples of these specific volume and here we use a little v don't confuse it with velocity in thermodynamics this little v is actually the specific volume and that is defined as being the volume divided by the mass of whatever system we're looking at or size of volume. We have specific total energy and here that is little e which is the total energy expressed as a capital E divided by mass and a final example is specific internal energy. Remember we looked at internal energy when we were discussing the first law and here we use a little u all of our specific properties will be little letters so little u and then the extensive property would be capital U for internal energy divided by the mass and so those are specific properties that we will be using for a lot of our analysis. So we use properties to describe the state or the the system itself so a system is described by its properties. Another thing we can say is that these are macroscopic values that are assigned without knowledge of the history of the system so they're macroscopic characteristics so properties are assigned and we use them to describe the state of the system which we will talk about in a little more detail in a few moments. Where do properties come from? Properties come from a number of different sources so the origins of properties include we can have properties that we directly measure examples of these could be pressure and temperature you have a pressure transducer you have a thermometer so you're measuring properties directly so they can be directly measurable. Second place where we can get properties is they can be defined by the laws of thermodynamics an example of that is entropy which we will look at later on in this course or they can be defined by mathematical combinations of other properties and an example of that is enthalpy which consists of internal energy plus pressure times the specific volume but we will look at that later. So those are properties and they are very important within thermodynamic analysis because they are what we are using to do a lot of our analysis. We're looking at describing the state of a system within analysis and and we use the properties to do that and then we also use the properties to calculate different aspects within the system so the next thing that we're going to look at is we're going to look at states and processes.


Harland David Sanders was born on 9 September 1890, in Henryville, Indiana, United States. He was the first child to his parents, David and Margaret Sanders, who were devout Christians. Harland's father was a farmer who worked on his 80-acre farmland until he had an accident that broke his leg, making him on feet to continue working on the farm. Harland's mother was a strict parent who frequently warned her children of the dangers of gambling, drugs, alcoholism and other negative practices. When Harland became 5 years old, his father died, leaving him and the siblings to be looked after by their mother alone. In a bead to provide for her children in the absence of her husband, Harland's mother got a job in a tomato cannery. As the first child, Harland was responsible for looking after his siblings while his mother was at work. In 1902, the family was subjected to an arduous environment in Greenwood, Indiana after Harland's mother remarried. Harland didn't have a healthy relationship with his stepfather, which compelled him to leave the home by 14. He got a job to work as a farmhand in southern Indiana. After many years of working various odd jobs, he started a ferryboat business on the Ohio River and later sold tires in Winchester, Kentucky. At 40, Harland opened a restaurant in a gas station where he served chicken dishes. He was a very good cook at the time. A decade later, Harland had acquired a motel and his restaurant became a huge success. However, something tragic happened which took the hardworking man back to square one. His motel and restaurant were destroyed due to a mysterious fire accident. But Harland later bounced back after opening another restaurant and developing a special chicken recipe, Kentucky Fried Chicken, which he franchised to beat Harman, the owner of a very large restaurant in the city. The sales of specially made fried chicken tripled Harman's revenue. This made other restaurant owners to franchise the chicken recipe as well as paid Harland, a certain amount for every chicken sold. In 1955, Harland's restaurant failed. This happened after an interstate route that led to huge traffic past the restaurant was changed. The same year, Harland decided to approach another large restaurant across the country to sell his franchise special chicken recipe. However, he was countless declined by more than a thousand restaurants. Harland never gave up. He kept proposing his offer until one restaurant accepted his idea. This one successful approach led Harland to become the owner of one of the world's largest restaurants today, Kentucky Fried Chicken, KFC. The restaurant he founded is now a multi-billion dollar establishment with outlets in virtually every part of the world. Sometimes, the circumstances of life may make you believe that all your hard work and effort are a waste of time since there is nothing tangible to show for it. In times like this, you may have the urge to give up and stop fighting for your dream. However, don't ever develop that strong desire to quit because your breakthrough might just be around the corner. Dear Grylls said, Survival can be summed up in three words, never give up. For you to survive the difficulties of life, you must learn not to give up. The moment you surrender to your present circumstances, it will be impossible for you to survive amidst such problems. Thomas Edison said, Our greatest weaknesses lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is always to try just one more time.  Success only comes to those who keep trying relentlessly, even if you fail. Always strive to try again. Roy T. Bennett said, Keep going. Your hardest time often leads to the greatest moments of life. One of the significant reasons why you should never give up is because difficult times are always rounded off with success. When a situation is becoming difficult, bear in mind that it would eventually result in something pleasant. Keep chasing your dreams and don't give in or lose focus.


Hi everyone, Joe from jaspeyscasewrakes.com coming at you with the random number block randomizer for museum collection baseball pick your team number six sells out the break that'll be in the next video. Featuring some nice teams here, remember there are a lot of non numbered base cards, possibly hits but I think mostly base cards including non numbered rookie cards will randomize all of those as one lot and they'll go to one person in this random number. We'll do that at the end of the museum video. Big thanks to this group here for making it happen. The X line grabbing the last five spots closing it out appreciate you on that and there are the numbers. Remember zero gets any and all redemptions for these teams including one of one redemptions. Obviously one will still get live one of one so let's randomize you a number. Good luck after seven times six and a one. One, two, three, four, five, six and a one. Seventh and final time we got Alan down to Eric. Six and a one, seven times before the numbers. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seventh and final time. Good luck we got six down to three. All right Alan with six, Alexander with five, Richard with nine, Eric with four, the X line eight, seven, zero, two, one. Eric with three. Let's order these numerically. We'll see you in the next video for the break itself. Chaspiescasebreaks.com.


Remember a Hallmark card when you carry enough to send the very best. Hallmark greeting cards bring you Joseph Cotton in Westward Hole on the Hallmark Playhouse. His greatest stars and outstanding stories chosen by one of the world's best known authors. The distinguished novelist, Mr. James Hilton. Ladies and gentlemen, this is James Hilton. Tonight on our Hallmark Playhouse we dramatize one of the most stirring and popular adventure stories of all time. Westward Hole by the English writer Charles Kingsley. Written just about a century ago it has kept its flavor well since then. Perhaps because even in those days it conveyed a sense of the great days of English history. Those days of great deeds and great names. Elizabeth, Drake, Shakespeare. Days when England was not only a land for heroes to live in, but also for plain men to be heroic in. Westward Hole has this spirit notably. And to stars its hero we are fortunate indeed to welcome back to our Playhouse that distinguished actor Joseph Cotton. And now here is Frank Goss from the Makers of Hallmark Cards. When you're looking for a way to say something to someone you care for, look for a Hallmark card and you'll find the right words. Because Hallmark cards are designed to say what you want to say, the way you want to say it. And in the good taste you demand of anything that bears your personal signature. That's why Hallmark on the back of a greeting card has come to mean you cared enough to send the very best. And now Hallmark Playhouse presenting Charles Kingsley's Westward Hole starring Joseph Cotton. A year in which the history of the world was changed in a few days. Summer days of 1588. The gray skies leaned low over the English Channel. The sea ran in long, heavy swells. Captain Amious Lee stood on the quarter deck and gazed about the ship. At the torn sails the splintered mast, the wrecked rigging. It's done and over and we're still afloat. Now I may rest, home to bit the town in memories. Here that's talk of an old man, Captain, who's the fellow brave enough to call me old at 29. I've had a short voyage as lives go. Now it's not too many years since I walked Bedford Key, a schoolboy with gowns, sleighs and willing ears for the great tales of the sailor men. True as it's true on the word of a Christian gentleman, one half of the golden silver plate remembered Adius would pave all the streets in Devon. Fresh from the new world, all a swagger in crimson velvet with golden hoops swinging from his ears and jeweled fingers flashing in the sunlight. Therefore the taking me lads, now's your time. I've fought the men waiting in Plymouth. Give me a dozen bit for mariners and we'll sail to pick the lock of the new world. Westward Howe, riches for all, shame to the Spaniards and glory for good Queen. Westward Howe, but who would take a schoolboy, not Mr. Oxon. I needed another two years and then it was Westward Howe in truth for me. I sailed in the golden hind with Francis Drake and saw England all more for three long years. In those same three years my brother Frank had made a name for himself at the Queen's Court. We had dinner together in his lodgings. Yes, Amius. You arrive in good time. I've heard some talk already. The Queen thinks kindly of the new world. And also my friend Sir Walter Olly. He proposes an expedition to North America, a colony somewhere north of the land called Floridor. If the Spanish permit it. Amius, you have sailed around the world at Drake.  Now we need your advice. Ah, but before you give it, I wish you to hear the report of another bit for Zeeman. Yo, Salvation Yo. All right, sir. Come forward, man. Salvation Yo. No, many have said that, Mr. Lee. Three years ardent in the jungles of Penham I will age any man. But I saw you sail with Mr. Oxon and I was at the key when you... Mr. Oxonham is dead, sir. And all his crew, Plymouth and Bitterford, been all saved myself. Shipwreck? Pleasant, yet that would have been, sir. Better than the Spanish gibbets, Frank. It's true. The Devil's caught us by surprise at La Quira. The attack where it doesn't carry Israel but the poor Indians that they've enslaved. Ah, there with such cruelty as would make even near El Faint. And now, now brother, your advice. Should there be English colonies in the Americas? There must be. And there cannot be while Spanish tyranny rules. Drake and I saw a bit of their torches. If we come, they will set the Indians against us.  Yes, true. What's your advice? Defy King Philip where we may, on the Spanish main. Plunder his galleons, take the gold and silver, which fattens his greed and pays for his garrisons. You see, yo, I said my brother will join us. Ah, and now we cannot fail. Wait, what am I joining? The good ship rose 200 tons and well armed. We lack but a brave captain. And now we have them, you say otherwise. Mr. Yo. Ah, sir. Tell me. Would you know who ordered the death of Mr. Oxenham? And of the men of Ditton. Ah, the governor general of the quarry, sir. Don Guzman Maria Magdalena Sota Mayor de Sota. Very well. Then I know what course to set. Don Guzman and I shall meet very shortly. Until I and every man a soldier, our days passed in drill with musket and cannon, bow and gutless, and the nights with stories and fancies of the future. Spanish main stretches from Panama to the Orinoco. And every wave there's a galleon of Spanish fleet. It's somewhere in Peru. A city built all that gold. They can call it manor. Where we find it lads, we'll wave. The story goes that Cortes came within three days March of Eldorado and then turned back. May his folly be our fortune. Oh, it's now ship. It's the fortness of Maguara. The silver and fabulous cities and Spanish galleons. We had come for them all and now they lay before us. It was a desperate game and the first play was about to begin. As dawn grayed in the east, we spied hard upon the floating guardians of La Guara. Three ships, my brother. Two galleons of a hundred oars and a great man of war. Then we outnumber them. It's one Englishman to only three Spaniards. Sound the stations. Oh, no, that great galleon. She's a madre Dolorosa that took Miss Roxannum. Don Guzman himself is in command. Then our revenge is upon us. Helmsman, steer for the galleon. Gunners, load in aim. Stop it, it comes. This is a look, your queen. As we boarded the Spaniard and three times were driven back, Don Guzman fought with the fury of a cornered lion. Then we boarded again. I cut my way almost to the governor's side when it happened. The powder magazine, the Spaniard sinking. Back to our ship before we're drawn with her. We boarded our rail and watched the last of the madre Dolorosa until finally only a few spars floated on the heaving blue. The two Spanish galleons which remained turned about in panic and fled toward the protection of La Guara. Shall we follow them, Amios? The old but damaged. Old Tropsil's gone. Badel at the waterline. Seventy and sixteen. No, we will not follow. Still a good beginning, Amios. And good... No, no, no. Too late, Amios. Spanish galleons. If we may prop him against the cabin here. Amios, the Don, Don Guzman. Yes. I saw him swim to one of the galleons. He still lives. And not for long. I came to avenge Oxenham. Now I stay to avenge my brother. Stay for another reason. For England. Remember our plans, Amios. Remember our... I'll remember. New world, a better world than the old. Heartbreak and battle come from the old world, but only for a time. The new world is our new chance, a new beginning, a new life. I shall not forget. When we will return to the second act of Westward Hose starring Joseph Cotton. In the years when gallant blades with handlebar moustaches used to court grandma, Valentine's were among the loveliest tokens of sentiment she received. If you ask her, you'll probably find she's cherished some of them to this very day. But you needn't look farther than the store where you'll buy your Hallmark cards to find that same old-time appeal in the Hallmark Valentine's of this year. Here you'll find all the charm of yesteryear on Valentine's as fresh as tomorrow. And because these are Hallmark Valentine's, you'll find just the one you want to send to everyone you want to remember on that day. Mother and Dad, sister and aunt, friends far away, or friends right down the street. And of course, for that special someone, you want to say something special, too. That's because the words on a Hallmark card are so carefully chosen, making it possible for you to find a Hallmark card that says what you want to say. Just the way you want to say it. So whether you're looking for old-fashioned charm or Valentine's with the saucy smile of a leap year miss, look for that familiar Hallmark in the back of every Valentine you send. Then you'll be sure your friends will know you cared enough to send the very best. Now back to James Hilton and the second act of Westward Hole, starring Joseph Cotton. You see, Captain, paste the deck of his battered ship in that year of Destiny 1588. Like all years of Destiny, it marked the climax of a long series of events. Years of fighting and rivalry on the high seas, which Captain Amious could never forget. We had won the sea battle off La Guara, but at too great a price. My brother was dead, nearly half my crew wounded, and the sea was pouring through a great hole in our side at a rate which would soon sink us. What's to be done, Captain? We have no choice. We must run the ship onto the beach and take to the jungle. To the jungle, sir. Stato, stay here in sinking condition until Don Guzman sends a new fleet to end our day. Aye, the jungles welcome to us, Captain. They had made a sound, sir. There lies the golden city of the Incas. Show us better rooms, sir, the city of Manor. We beached the ship and burned it so that it might be of no use to the Spaniard. Then laden with such weapons and food as we could carry southward we struck. It's one month, three months, but there was no Manowar. Then westward, five weary months, and then north again. The golden city of the Incas did not exist. Only jungle and mountains. Aye, and savages waiting for us with poisoned blowdarts. And swish to give us hope, we spied a rainbow. It rose from the mist of a great waterfall. There was a lake with soft grass at its edges and flowering trees drifting their petals onto the water. We threw ourselves into the lake, shouting and laughing like a jungle. Captain, do water and them speak where the voices are women? There, there behind that bush, it's a girl, a white girl. A man brought her to me, kicking and struggling and screaming. She was clothed and ragged, yet more beautiful than a princess. Captain, what's she talking about? Whatever it is, I don't think it's very flattering. I think she wants us to go away. Here you, you there. What's your name? Banish. She had cause.  And then her mother and she had fled into the jungle. How many years had passed, she had no way of telling. Once I convinced her that we were enemies of the Spanish, she clung to my arm and begged to go with us. She led us through the jungle by a secret path that only she knew. She brought us to the top of a hill and pointed to the sea beyond. Benoas was a Spanish port, Cartagena, and in the harbor rode a great galleon. If we could take that, we would see England again. We took cost as a pretty price, sir. We've lost many men, and the rest are sick. We have little powder. It'll cost us nothing, Mr. Drew, except cunning. You see those small boats going out to the galleon and back? Aye, sir. They're loading gold plate. Once the ship is filled, the crew will go ashore for last night. While they carouse, we steal the small boats and go quietly aboard those we find on watch over the rail with them. And then hoist sail for home. We'll do it, lads. Home with a cargo of Spanish gold. Three nights later we struck. By the time the Spaniards on shore discovered their stupidity, they flew at home with a lively breeze. My worries were past all save one. What was I to do with this strange young girl of the jungle? I decided that it was my duty to teach her the language of her father. She was a quick pupil soon. She was able to ask all manner of questions about England, my home, and country. And will I be an English lady? If you study hard. So you will be proud of me. I'm sure it doesn't matter.  Will she like me? I don't know. Oh, yes, of course. The same way. You like me? No more questions. I've got things to do. Senor Amyar, teach me how to say in English. Te amo. Te amo. Well, would you let a man do his work? Now go anywhere and leave me in peace. Not enough that I teach you English. Now I must find you a husband. Before we dropped anchor at Bidford town, I knew something great was afoot. The harbor was filled with armed merchant men and ships of war. A letter was brought aboard from Sir Francis Drake. He was in Bidford and would see me at once. The Spanish armada has sailed, Captain. Spain means to destroy us once for all. Take the new world for her own and what she will of Europe. And farewell to our English laws and the rights of every man everywhere. Admiral Drake, command me as you will. You will captain a stout ship, the vengeance. You will sail with my squadron. May you do as bravely as that day before the Fortress of Ligaira. Since you've heard of it, you mustn't know it was no victory. Don Cosman still lives. Aye, and fights again. He leads the flotilla of Aragon. The name of his ship. The Santa Catarina. The Santa Catarina. And I sail the vengeance. May it be so. Oh, for the second time I came home to Bidford only to sail off again. A Yakanora rode out with me in the long boat. She was crying softly. Seniorly? No, Yakanora, no, no. I'm sorry. You must help my mother, she'll need you. You must smile and not be afraid. I will try. If something happens, I'll have money now. My mother will take care of you.  Yes, Senior Amnus. You must study. You have many things to learn. I will be an English lady. Yes, and you'll have many friends. You'll find the husband. Who? A fine gentleman. He must be the best man in all Devon. He will be. You'll be happy with him, won't you? Of course you will be. You'll have fine children, many of them. Yes. Then nothing to be afraid of, is there? No, Senior Amnus. Tell me what I must do if you come back. Hold this.  Dalvesh and Yeo must have drew in a few others of my old crew and joined the gathering fleet. A flimsy wall of wood and men to stand between tyranny and freedom. The day broke gray and ugly. Upon the horizon high and white, the Spanish sales came toward us, a mighty crescent of ships. The amada which all Europe calls invincible. From the deck of the Ark Royal, Admiral Drake's cannon gave signal for battle. This day England fights alone, but she fights for all men everywhere and for all time to come. Gunners begin. Floating volcano night came and another day the battle went on. Up the channel passed Portland beneath the cliffs of freshwater, off the Isle of Wight. Seven days, eight days, nine days. Gale and storm and fog added their terror. Caterine! Ah, you know what answer to make to her. Most to the water line, sir. Aye. And yet Don Guzman still stands a deck. Enough of vengeance, I've had my fill. Don Guzman! Sold in salute. Let me offer you quarter. I stand here. Praise for such feats as you've done today, Sir Amius. Only the duty of an Englishman, sir. Sir, you called me sir. I am rightly. The Queen has a report of your bravery and sends her compliments. Henceforth, my dear lad, you are Sir Amius Lee. Sir Amius Lee. And soon there will be a war as... But what would they be without freedom? To be a free man and a free woman in a free country. The boast of tyranny has been met as it always must be. And the right of free men has prevailed as it must and as it shall always. Then we'll return in a moment. Compliment you ever receive. There's probably none you enjoy more than those to which you can reply, I'm so glad you like it because you see I made it myself. Here's a way to let your children experience this pleasure and at the same time teach them thoughtfulness and in a way all children will enjoy. It's with the Hallmark Make Your Own Valentine Kit.  There are perky kittens, baby chicks, puppies, ducklings, appealing little animals that youngsters love. It's so easy because it's all done without scissors, paint or glue. For only a dollar, this Hallmark Kit contains the makings of 16 Valentine's. There are other Hallmark Make Your Own kits for as little as 50 cents. Ask for them at the store where you buy all of your Hallmark cards. Look for Hallmark on the cover of the box. The same symbol of quality you always look for on the back of a card when you carry enough to send the very best. Here again is James Hilton. Thank you, Joseph Cotton, for a grand performance. As always, you made this evening a very great occasion for us. Well, it was a pleasure to be here. I always enjoy appearing on your Hallmark Playhouse. That reminds me, when Frank Goss talked about the Hallmark Make Your Own Valentine kits, I couldn't help thinking what a good idea that is, like so many of your Hallmark ideas. Well, that's very nice of you to say, Joe. We appreciate the compliment. Now, Jimmy, what have you for next week? Next week, our story will be one of the great romances of literature, Jane Austen's novel, Persuasion. And to play its charming heroine, we welcome the return of Deborah Carr. Our Hallmark Playhouse is every Thursday. Our producer-director is Bill Gay. Our music is composed and conducted by David Rose. And our script tonight was adapted by Leonard St. Clair. Until next Thursday, then, this is James Hilton saying, good night. That are sold only in stores that have been carefully selected to give you expert and friendly service. Remember a Hallmark card when you carry enough to send the very best. Joseph Cotton may currently be seen in the Metro Golden Mayor production, The Man with the Cloak. The role of Aya Kanora tonight was played by Charlotte Lawrence. Others in our cast were Joseph Kearns, Herbert Butterfield, Ted DeCorsia, and Eric Snowden. This is Frank Goss saying, good night to you all until next week at the same time. When Hallmark Playhouse returns to present Deborah Carr in Jane Austen's novel, Persuasion. And the week following on Valentine's Day, a story of Clara and Robert Schuman starring Joan Fontaine. And the week after that, Herbert Eastover's powder mission on the Hallmark Playhouse. And this is KNBC of Kansas City.


Welcome to this module overview related to assets. For starters, I want to show you the FASB definition of an asset. It's the probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a result of past transactions or events. That definition sounds very legal, so let's break it out into three parts. Probable future economic benefit means that an item will probably be worth something in the future. If you have an item that is described this way, you probably have an asset. Obtained or controlled by a particular entity means at an accounting principles level that a company owns the item that has value. There are many complex assets, often related to certain type of lease agreements, where a company doesn't own an asset but controls it enough to call it an asset. But that's beyond the scope of this course. As a result of past transactions or events, means that a transaction exists where the acquisition of an asset can be verified. If these three components describe an item, then that item is an asset and needs to be reported on the balance sheet. Balance sheet reporting of assets classifies them into two categories, current assets and long-term assets. Current assets are assets that are expected to be converted to cash or used up within one year. Some common examples of current assets are listed on the slide and include cash, accounts receivable, inventory, supplies, and other prepaid expenses. Long-term assets are assets whose value is expected to last beyond one year. They are often categorized on the balance sheet in the following four categories. Long-term investments, plant assets, intangible assets, and other long-term assets. Let's look at the four assets we're going to cover in this module. Our first asset is cash. The cash account includes currency, coins, checking accounts, and undeposited checks received from our customers. Additionally, we will learn about internal controls over cash. We will introduce the accounting for inventory in this course. For merchandise firms, inventory is a current asset which includes items held for resell. Manufacturing firms, which we will learn about in the managerial accounting portion of this course, have several inventory accounts including raw materials, work in process, and finished goods. Receivables are the money that a company has the right to receive because it has provided customers with goods or services. There are a few different categories of receivables, but we will focus on accounts receivables and notes receivables. In our course, these receivables are going to be current assets. However, long-term notes receivables are quite common in practice.


After mathematicians define an object, they usually introduce some operations on that object. So what can you do with the graph G? Well, start with unary operations, things you can do with just a single graph G. Given the graph G, the complement of G, indicated this way, is the graph with vertex set and edge set, where the vertex set is the same as the vertices of the original graph, and E is in the edge set of the complement, if and only if E is not in the edge set of the original graph. So the complement has the same vertices and edges between the non-adjacent vertices of our graph. So if we want to find the graph complement, since the vertices are the same, we only need to join the non-adjacent vertices in our graph to produce the edges of our complement. So let's join vertices that don't have an edge between them, then we'll remove all the edges that were in the original graph. And remember, our vertices stay the same, so even though we get an isolated vertex, it is in the complement. Another thing we could do with a single graph is to find the power of the graph. The square of G, designated G squared, consists of the same vertices V, and an edge set E, where UV is an edge in G squared, if the distance between U and V is less than or equal to 2. G cubed, G to the fourth, and so on are defined similarly. So for the graph shown, find G squared and G cubed. So G squared includes all edges of G, to which we'll add edges between two vertices in G, separated by two edges. So we'll join this vertex and these vertices, which are two edges away, this vertex to vertices, which are two edges away, and so on. And here these are added edges. We still have all the original edges. And so our graph looks like for G cubed, we'll include edges between vertices separated by three edges in G. So from here to the third vertex out, and from this vertex to the third vertex out, and so on, and so on. Now, remember that given a graph G, we can form a subgraph by selecting some edges and their incident vertices, and possibly some extra vertices. An edge-induced subgraph is formed by selecting some edges and their incident vertices only, and an induced subgraph is formed by selecting some vertices and all their incident edges. We can also view the process of forming a subgraph as the removal of some vertices and edges. If we remove a single vertex V and all its incident edges from G, we indicate this as G minus V, and if we remove a single edge from G, we indicate this as G minus E. We could also remove a set of vertices or a set of edges, but we usually focus on removing just one edge or just one vertex. For example, from the graph shown, let's find G remove V2 and G remove E3. So note that the vertex V2 is incident on the edges E1, E7, E5, and E6. So if we remove V2, we must also remove those edges. And that gives us the graph G minus V2. Restoring the original graph, if we remove edge E3, we only remove the edge. Well, now, what if you have two graphs, G1 and G2? There are several binary operations on the graphs. We'll assume that the vertex and edge sets are disjoint. The union of two graphs, G1, G2, is defined in the obvious manner. As it's a set operation, there isn't really much we can do with it. So for the given graphs, find the union. The vertex set for the union is the set of all vertices in both graphs. The edge set for the union is the set of all edges in both graphs. So the union is, wait for it, both graphs. Again, set operations tend not to be that exciting. On the other hand, the join of two graphs is the set of all edges and vertices in the two graphs. And in addition, we'll introduce a new set of edges, those joining a vertex in G1 with a vertex in G2. We designate the join G1 plus G2, except when we don't. We'll see why I introduced that qualifier in a moment. So let's find G1 plus G2. We'll start with the union. We'll do this quickly, so watch carefully. The two graphs, our union, will be the same two graphs. But since this is a join, we'll also add edges between every vertex in G1 and every vertex in G2. So from this vertex to the vertices of G2, and from the others, and there's our join. Now, if G1 consists of N isolated points and G2 consists of M isolated points, we use the notation KNM for the join of these two sets of isolated points. For example, if we want to draw K34, K34 consists of a set of three points and a set of four points, where every point in the first set is joined to every point in the second set. And so that looks like...