A very good evening aspirants, welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankara A.S. Akirami. Today's date is 23rd of June 2023, displayed here are the list of news articles that we are going to discuss today. Now without much delay, let us get into the first news article discussion. Take a look at this front page article. As you all know, our prime minister is currently in the US on an official state visit. The article given here informs us about the ongoing visit. So in this discussion, we'll see some of the important points mentioned in the article. See, after our prime minister's meeting with the US President, Mr. Joe Biden, a number of announcements were made. Agreements were signed for defence cooperation, critical emerging technologies, health, energy, mobility, environment, visa and space technologies. So as part of this discussion, let us see some of the deliverables announced in detail. First, let us take the defence sector. See, the first significant announcement is the launch of innovative platform IndusX. The inaugural session of the platform was hosted in Washington DC by the US-India Defence Council. The platform will aid in defence industrial collaboration between both the countries. Second most significant announcement in the defence sector is the MOU announced between General Electric GE and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited HIL. See, we all know about Tejas Light Combat Aircraft MK1, right? Although we climb it as an indigenious aircraft, the significant component of the aircraft, that is the jet engine, is procured from GE. The light combat aircraft MK1 uses GE manufactured F-404 engines. The LCA Mk2 and AMCA, that is advanced medium combat aircraft, which is under development, need a more powerful engine. The GE manufactured F-414 engines correctly fits the requirements of LCA Mk2 and AMCA. So, the MOU includes a provision for the potential joint production of GE Aerospace F-414 engines in India. This will give a great boost to the India fighter jet program. In addition to this, GE will continue to collaborate with the Indian government on the AMCA Mk2 engine program. In addition to this, steps are being taken to clear the bureaucratic roadblocks for the purchase of armed MQ-9B Sea Guardian drones by India from the US. The MQ-9Bs will be assembled in India. So, these are the three significant announcements made in regard to the defence sector. Now, coming to the space sector, the two countries have agreed on a mission to the International Space Station by 2024. India also plans to sign the Artemis Accords on space exploration. The framework is also signed by two dozen nations. The Artemis Accords will govern joint missions and civilian space exploration. In terms of US visa policy, also some announcements were made. See, during the pandemic period, the US announced a pilot project that allowed for the renewal of visas domestically. That is, people need not go outside the US to get their visa renewal stamps. Steps are being taken to extend this facility to H-1B and L-1 visa by 2024. There is also a plan to open a US consulate in Bangalore and Ahmedabad. India also plans to reopen its consulate in Seattle. Moving on, in the high-tech manufacturing sector, the US semiconductor and chip-making company, Micro Technology, announced that it would invest $875 million in establishing a chip assembly and testing plant in Gujarat. Apart from this, India also joined the Minerals Security Partnership MSP. The MSP is a US-led partnership to create critical energy minerals supply chains. India and the United States established a joint Indo-US quantum coordination mechanism. This will facilitate joint research between the public and private sectors across both countries. Finally, in terms of trade, the two nations have agreed to terminate six outstanding disputes at the World Trade Organization. India also agreed to remove retaliatory tariffs, which it had imposed in response to the US imposed tariff on Indian-made steel and aluminium. Apart from this, in the arena of skilling our PM and the first lady of the US, they participated in an event titled India and US Skilling for the Future. The event focused all workforce redevelopment across higher education institutions to expand and enhance access to quality education across society. So, these are some of the important highlights of the current US state visit by our Prime Minister. Make note of all these points and use it in your main sansa writing. So, with these learnt points, now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Take a look at this science page article. As you can see in the title, this article is speaking about liver disease. See, generally, regular and uncontrolled alcohol consumption could impact the health of the liver and it can cause alcohol-induced fatty liver disease. Apart from alcohol consumption, a sedentary lifestyle, that is the disc-bound lifestyle. Then a high calorie diet and excess fats associated with obesity and high blood sugar can also impact the health of the liver. See, if the liver gets impacted from these non-alcoholic factors, then it is called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAF-LD. This article provides some data about NAF-LD. So, in this news article discussion, we'll just brush up some basics about liver and then we'll understand the data provided in the news article. Before that, the syllabus relevant to this news article is highlighted here for your reference. You can go through it. Firstly, let us understand the functions of the liver. See, the liver is the largest solid organ in the body. It is located in the upper right part of the abdomen. It is present on top of the stomach and intestines. The liver performs various functions in our body. Now, we'll see them one by one. Firstly, the liver controls most chemical levels in the blood. This is because all the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver. So, the liver processes this blood and it breaks down the remaining food items in the blood. By doing this function, the liver controls the chemical levels in the blood, and it also creates nutrients for the body to use. Secondly, the liver breaks down medicines in the blood into multiple forms so that it is easier for our body to use such medicines. Thirdly, the liver secretes a clear yellow or orange fluid called bile. See, the bile fluid helps to break down the fats and the bile also prepares the fat for further digestion and absorption. So, the liver helps to control unnecessary fats in our body. Fourthly, the liver removes harmful pathogens like viruses or bacteria and also the toxins from our blood. So, it helps us to resist infections by making immune factors. And the other important function of the liver includes making proteins for the body, storing of iron, creating substances to help the blood clot and so on. So, this is about liver. Now, moving on to see about fatty liver disease. See, fatty liver disease is a common condition caused by the storage of extra fat in the liver.  But it becomes a problem when the fat reaches 5% to 10% of our liver's weight. In most cases, fatty liver disease does not cause any serious problems and does not prevent your liver from functioning normally. But for 7% to 30% of people with a fatty liver, their disease gets worse over time. Know that fatty liver disease progresses through three stages. The first stage is called Steto-Hapatitis. In this stage, the liver becomes swollen and it damages the tissues of the liver. The second stage is called fibrosis. In this stage, the scar tissue forms on the damaged part of the liver. And the final stage is called cirrhosis. In this stage, the extensive hard scar tissue replaces the healthy tissue of the liver. The hard scar tissue slows down the functions of the liver and sometimes it even blocks the liver function entirely. Apart from this, cirrhosis can also lead to liver cancer. So these are the three stages associated with fatty liver disease. Now moving on to see about the symptoms of fatty liver disease. See people with fatty liver disease often have no symptoms until the disease progresses to cirrhosis stage. If the people have symptoms, they may include abdomen pain, nausea, weight loss, jaundice, swollen abdomen and legs, extreme tiredness and weakness. So these are all the symptoms. Now we will look at the types of fatty liver disease. See there are two main forms of fatty liver disease. They are alcohol-induced fatty liver disease and non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease. Alcohol-induced fatty liver disease is caused by regular alcohol consumption. The non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease is caused by excess fat, high blood pressure, diabetes and unhealthy lifestyle. So this is all you have to know about liver and fatty liver disease. Now we will look at the data provided in the news article. As we just now saw, the non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease is caused by excess fat, high blood pressure, diabetes and unhealthy lifestyle. And note that the advanced form of NAF-LD is called non-alcoholic, Stato-Hapatitis NA-SH. See globally the prevalence of NAF-LD is around 25%. Then the prevalence of NAF-LD in Asia is around 27%. But if we take India, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is much higher than the global and Asia average. In India the prevalence of NAF-LD is seen in 39% of adults and in 35% of children. Now coming to non-alcoholic Stato-Hapatitis NA-SH cases. See the global prevalence of NA-SH is estimated between 2% to 6%. But in India the case of NA-SH are steadily rising. So the prevalence of NA-SH will lead to cirrhosis of the liver and later it also causes liver cancer. Now coming to another data provider in the news article. Some healthy professionals say that 50% of diabetic patients, then 75% of obese persons and 100% of the people with both obese and diabetic condition have non-alcoholic related fatty liver disease. The professionals further say that even non-ubese people can develop both NAF-LD and NA-SH. This is because of lack of activity and eating junk food. Apart from this they also said that childhood obesity is also increasing at an alarming rate due to the conception of junk foods. So this is about the data provided in the news article. Now let us see what can we do to maintain a healthy liver. See there is no medication specifically for fatty liver disease. So we have to do some lifestyle changes to significantly improve our liver health. Some of the measures like avoiding alcohol, doing exercise regularly, then taking medicines to manage diabetes and cholesterol can help us to prevent fatty liver disease. See our liver has an amazing ability to repair itself. So if we do these activities we will surely reduce liver fat and we will be able to reserve early liver damage. In addition to this the government should also educate the public about the non-alcoholic factors like overeating and a high calorie diet that causes damage to the liver. This will help to reduce fatty liver disease significantly in our country. That's all regarding this news article. In this news article we learnt about liver, its functions, then we saw about fatty liver disease and its types and we saw how to prevent them. So these learnt points and now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article. The news article is about an order given by the District Consumer Disputes Red Result Forum Chennai. The news here is that a person booked a OLA e-scooter for 1.10 lakh rupees. The company did not deliver the e-scooter for about a year and OLA is asking the person an additional 40,000 for an upgraded version for the e-scooter. District Consumer Disputes Red Result Forum ordered OLA to deliver the e-scooter model booked by that person or repay 1.10 lakh rupees at 9 percentage interest under 2 lakh rupees fine. So this is about the article given here. So in this context let us see if you fax about National Consumer Disputes Red Result Commission NCDRC. See the National Consumer Disputes Red Result Commission NCDRC is a quasi-judicial body. It was established under the Consumer Protection Act 1986. The primary objective of the commission is to ensure speedy and effective resolution of consumer disputes. The commission is headquartered in New Delhi. Now talking about the organizational structure. See the NCDRC is made up of a president and at least four members including both judicial and non-judicial members. The president is a judicial member and must be a current or retired judge of Supreme Court of India or a sitting or retired Chief Justice of a High Court. The judicial members can be current or retired judges from the Supreme Court or High Courts. The qualification for the non-judicial members is that they should have sufficient knowledge and experience in consumer matters. Remember the National Commission is presently headed by Honorable Ms. Justice Deepa Sharma and has 10 members. Now let's quickly see about the powers and functions of the commission. See according to section 21 of Consumer Protection Act 1986 the National Commission will take up cases when the value is over 2 crore rupees. Section 21 also states that the commission has appellate jurisdiction over the orders of state consumer commissions or the district consumer forum. Also note that according to section 23 of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 a person not satisfied with the order of NCDRC can appeal before the Supreme Court within 30 days. In addition to this the National Commission has the authority to summon and enforce the attendance of witnesses, examine them on oath and compel the production of documents. The commission has the power to enforce its orders and decisions by issuing appropriate directions to the concerned parties. It can also initiate class action suits on behalf of a group of consumers with the same interest. Finally in order to help achieve the objectives of the Consumer Protection Act the National Commission has also been conferred with the powers of administrative control over all the state commissions. The National Commission generally oversees the functions of the state commissions and the district commissions to ensure that the objective and purposes of the Consumer Protection Act is achieved. So these are some of the important points that we have to remember about NCDRC. Make note of these points. Usually once in a blue moon we get an article like this so make note of it and revise it multiple times. So these are the points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article. The governor of the Reserve Bank of India said that the battle against inflation is not finished yet. It is important to keep a close watch on prices to maintain stability because there are uncertainties like monsoon, rainfall patterns and adverse climate events. So he says that the Monetary Policy Committee's job was only half 10. So in this context let us learn facts about the Monetary Policy Committee MPC. See the MPC is a committee of the Reserve Bank of India RBI. It is responsible for deciding the benchmark policy interest rate that is reported to control inflation within a specific target level. Before the MPC was established the RBI governor used to make monetary policy decisions with the help of a technical advisory committee. But now the decision making process has been more transparent and accountable through the committee based approach. See the idea of setting up an MPC has been discussed for quite some time. Various committees and reports recommended information. They said that a committee based approach would bring more transparency and accountability to monetary policy decisions. So finally in 2015 the RBI and the Indian government signed the Monetary Policy Framework Agreement. This led to the establishment of the MPC. Now let's quickly go through the functions of MPC. See the functions of MPC revolve around maintaining price stability and achieving inflation rates set by the government. The RBI's primary goal is to contain inflation at 4% with the standard deviation of 2% in the medium term. To ensure accountability the RBI has to explain its actions in a report to the government if it fails to reach the specified inflation targets. So now let us understand how the MPC is constituted. See the committee consists of 6 members the RBI governor serves as the chairperson, the deputy governor in charge of monetary policy is also a member. One official nominated by the RBI board is part of the committee and the remaining 3 members represent the Indian government. The 3 government nominees are appointed by the central government based on the recommendation of a search come selection committee. This committee includes the cabinet secretary, the RBI governor, the secretary of the department of economic affairs, ministry of finance and 3 experts in economics or banking nominated by the government. See the decision making in the MPC follows a majority vote. If there is a tie the RBI governor has the casting vote which means his vote will be the deciding factor. The committee's decision is binding on the RBI and it has to implement the recommended changes in the policy rate. Then to ensure transparency the minutes of the MPC meetings are published by the RBI after 14 days. The RBI also publishes a document explaining how it plans to implement the committee's decisions. The MPC meetings are confidential know that a minimum of 4 members including the governor or the deputy governor must be present to constitute a quorum. Also the RBI is obligated to provide necessary information to the MPC for decision making and if any member request additional information it must be provided to all members. So in summary the MPC plays a crucial role in determining the rapport rate and maintaining price stability in India. It follows a committee based approach to decision making. That's all regarding MPC. So these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Take a look at this tiny article Yesterday the LNT company and the DRDO signed a contract to build two air independent propulsion system modules for the Kalwari class of submarines of the Indian Navy. This is about the news article given here. In this context let us understand the air independent propulsion that is AIP system. First of all know that the air independent propulsion AIP system is used in submarines. See we need fuels like petrol, diesel, kerosene etc to run all types of vehicles like cars, airplanes ships and submarines right? In India most of the submarines are operated using diesel fuel and they are called conventional submarines. Note that some of the submarines in the world are also run using nuclear fuel and they are called nuclear powered submarines. Even India have one such nuclear powered submarine called INS Arihant which has a small nuclear reactor to produce the energy. The main advantage of the nuclear power submarine is that it does not need oxidizer like atmospheric oxygen to burn the fuel. But what is the case with diesel run engines? See the diesel powered engines often need oxygen to burn the fuel. It is very easy for the land based diesel vehicles to obtain atmospheric oxygen to burn the diesel. But this is not the same in the case of conventional submarines. See the submarines are usually operated under the water. The conventional submarines mostly generate electricity with the help of diesel generators. The diesel generators use diesel to run the power generator which in turn drives an electric motor. This helps in the movement of submarines and also the power is used to reach as the batteries of submarines. As we all know in the water the oxygen is in the form of dissolved oxygen so the diesel powered submarines aren't able to make use of dissolved oxygen to burn the diesel. Therefore the conventional diesel powered submarines have to come to the surface daily to get atmospheric oxygen for fuel combustion. Apart from this the conventional diesel engines also produce some noise while running under water. So there is a possibility that the submarines can be identified by the enemies surveillance tools like sonar radar and so on. And here is where the AIP system comes into picture. See if the submarine is fitted with an AIP system it needs to take in oxygen only once a week. There are many types of AIP systems which include open cycle systems, closed cycle diesel engines, closed cycle steam turbines, sterling cycle engines and fuel cells based engines. See India is currently using a fuel cell based air independent propulsion system in diesel electric submarines. So we will restrict our discussion to fuel cells alone. See in a fuel cell based AIP an electrolytic fuel cell is used to generate electricity which in turn used to charge the batteries of submarines. So there will be minimum use of diesel to run the submarine. Know that the fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen to produce the energy. For this purpose the liquid oxygen is stored in the tanks and they are used as a fuel. So it is not necessary for the submarine to come to the surface often to obtain atmospheric oxygen. Therefore it is enough to come to the surface only once in a week. This is how AIP works. Now we shall see some of the advantages and disadvantages of AIP system. See the fuel cell based AIP system let out only water as the waste product. This ensures less marine pollution. Apart from this the fuel cells are very efficient and they do not have moving parts. So the submarines with fuel cells emit low sound and they do not fall under any means surveillance tools. So these are some of the advantages of the AIP system. Now talking about the disadvantages as we saw earlier to run the fuel cells the liquid oxygen that is stored in the tanks are used. This phenomenon increases the size and weight of the submarine or there would be capacity of weapons and sailors. Apart from this the submarines with the AIP systems are somewhat costlier than the normal submarines. These are the disadvantages associated with AIP systems. So that is all regarding this news article discussion with these learnt points and now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now take a look at this science page article. This is an interesting article about cod blood banking. See cod blood means the blood found in the umbilical cord and placenta after a baby is born. It contains valuable stem cells and these cells have the potential to develop into different types of cells. Also they can be used in the treatment of certain blood, immune and metabolic disorders. So with this basic understanding now let us jump straight into the detailed explanation of this article on cod blood banking. Before that the syllabus relevant to this news article is highlighted here for your reference you can go through it. See just now we saw what is cod blood. Now we will understand what is cod blood banking. See cod blood banking refers to the process of collecting and preserving the blood found in the umbilical cord and placenta after a baby is born. For those who don't know the placenta is a temporary organ that absorbs nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood and transports it to the baby. It also transfers the baby's waste products and carbon dioxide back to the mother for excretion. Then the umbilical cord it only connects the placenta and fetus. So all the nutrients, oxygen and antibodies pass from the placenta to the baby through the umbilical cord. So as I said earlier cod blood is rich in valuable stem cells and they have the potential to develop into various type of cells. Therefore they can be used in the treatment of certain blood immune and metabolic disorders. Now coming to the article, the article begins by highlighting the case of Upasana Kamineni the wife of actor Ramcharan. She recently announced her decision to preserve her baby umbilical cord. This choice has been made by other celebrities also like Aishwarya Rai Bachchan. Now you may wonder what are they going to do with it. See it will be used in HHS CT. Now what is this HHS CT? Here HHS CT stands for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. See basically it is a medical procedure where stem cells from cod blood are used to treat specific disorders. However the success of HHS CT relies on matching certain markers between the cod blood and the patient. Imagine a patient named Dora is diagnosed with a long-threatening blood disorder. Now HHS CT is a potential treatment option for her and the medical team has identified a suitable cod blood donor named Sara. See the cod blood given by Sara contains hematopoietic stem cells. We know that these stem cells have the ability to develop into various types of blood cells right? Therefore these stem cells can be transplanted into Dora's body to replace or regenerate her damaged or diseased blood cells. So here the cod blood donor and the patient's markers need to be compatible. Here markers are genetic characteristics present on the surface of cells. These markers help the immune system distinguish between self and non-self cells. See the goal is to find a cod blood donor whose markers closely match Sara's. A closer match indicates a higher chance of compatibility. This is because the immune system will not see the transplanted cells as foreign. So it will not affect the new cells. See over the past decade cod blood banking has gained popularity among new parents. This has led to the establishment of numerous cod blood banking facilities across the country. But is cod blood banking really needed? Should we consider this when we become parents? See the article here highlights that professional medical associates do not routinely recommend cod blood banking for pregnant women. Also it is important to note that the use of cod blood in transplants is actually decreasing. Also its potential use in regenerative medicine is still largely experimental. So the article concludes by noting that professional obstetric gynaecology associations do not routinely recommend cod blood banking. The Indian Academy of Periodrics suggests that private cod blood banking should only be considered if there is an existing family member who can benefit from allogenic stem cell transplantation. Finally we can say that cod blood banking is a complex subject with both benefits and limits. It has gained popularity but we need not consider it as a routine recommendation as per experts. So it is important for individuals and families to be well informed and make informed decisions based on their specific circumstances. That's all regarding this news article discussion. In this news article discussion we saw in detail about cod blood banking whether it is recommended by doctors or not. So with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Look at this news article a minister from Tamil Nadu was arrested on a money laundering case recently. Later he was hospitalized due to his heart ailment but till date he is continuing as the minister. So in this context a MP from the opposition party has approached the Metra's high court to issue a writ of co-quarantor against the Tamil Nadu minister. So in this context let us understand the basics of writ petition and we will be seeing about co-quarantor writ. See writ in simple terms means a written order issued by court. Rit petition or filed when the fundamental rights of a person is violated. Both the supreme court and high court can issue rits. Supreme court issues rits under article 32 and high courts issue rits under article 226. Generally rits are issued against a court with lower jurisdiction or to an individual depending on the nature of the case. Now talking about the types of rits that can be issued by the supreme court or the high court. See both the supreme court and the high court can issue 5 types of rits. They include habeas corpus, mandamus prohibition, serratory and co-quarantor. See these rits are borrowed from English law. One important point to note here is that the parliament can empower any other court to issue writ under article 32. But so far no such provision has been made. So with this basic understanding let us look into co-quarantor writ. See the literal meaning of co-quarantor is by what authority or warrant. See it is issued against a person who holds the public office on what authority it is entitled to him. If the court finds a person is not entitled to the office then the court can take away the posting and declare the office to be vacant. So co-quarantor prevents someone holding a public office illegally. Remember this writ can be issued only against a public office of permanent character which is created by law or by the constitution. Here the difference between the co-quarantor and the other four writ petitions is that other rits can be sought only by the aggravated person. But in case of co-quarantor not necessarily the aggravated person but any person can seek this remedy. That's all regarding this news article. In this news article discussion we learned about the rits and in specifically we saw about co-quarantor writ. So these learnt the points. Now let us move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is the preliminary practice question discussion. Now take a look at this first question regarding N-C-D-R-C. Four statements are given and you have to choose how many statements are correct here. Statement one it is a quasi-judicial statutory body. Statement two it is established under consumer protection act 1986. Statement three it has appellate jurisdiction over state and district consumer dispute redressal commission. Statement four appeals against the orders of N-C-D-R-C can be made in the supreme court. See from the discussion we can say that all the statements given here are actually correct. So here the correct answer for the question is option D all four. Now moving on look at this question about N-P-C again three statements are given you have to choose how many statements are correct here. Statement one the monetary policy committee consists of members from both the government and the RBI. Statement two the decisions of the monetary policy committee are binding and have to be implemented by the RBI. Statement three the monetary policy committee is responsible for fixing the benchmark interest rate in India. See from our discussion we know that statement one and three are actually correct. Now here with the second statement you might have a doubt. The decisions taken by the MPC regarding monetary policy like policy report rate or actually binding on RBI. So this statement is also correct. So the correct answer for the question is option C all the three statements. Now moving on now here four fighter jets names are given and you have to find how many jets are using F-414 engines. First jet is F-18 Super Hornet then Tejas LCA Mark II then Dassault Rafale Sukai SU-57. See here only two jets use F-414 engines which includes F-18 Super Hornet and Tejas LCA MK II. Dassault Rafale uses Snecma M-88 engine and Sukai SU-57 uses a variant of Saturn AL-31 engine. So here the correct answer for the question is option B 2 only. Now the question displayed here is the quiz question for you today. Just go through the question try to answer it in the comment section. Now moving on the question displayed here is the mains practice question for you today. Just go through the question try to answer it in the comment section. With this we came to the end of the news article discussion. If you like the video hit like, do comment and don't forget to subscribe to Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel. Now thank you for listening.


Hi there! Welcome to our online self-access materials on the English you need for your university life. In this video, I'll give you a brief introduction about what we'll cover in the course. Right, so we start off with academic style. Next, we look at referencing. After that, how to write an academic paragraph. We then have lots of materials on essay writing, foreign against essays, problem solution essays and comparison contrast essays, followed by academic reports and workplace reports. Finally, we have materials on how to do effective academic presentations and how to have successful research discussions. I'm sure you'll find these materials useful. Good luck in your studies! And if you haven't enrolled yet, click on the link below. Do it now! Or scan the QR code to register!


What's happening guys? It's Shane here. So I've gotten a ton of requests to do a video where I go over some of the top engineering degrees and I rank them. You know, which ones I think are the best, which ones I think are not as good. And so here we are. And you know, I've done a ton of research on this and studies have shown that the more engaged you are, the more you're going to get out of the video. So make sure to smash that like button because it helps with the engagement rate. And I really appreciate it. This is how you smash a like button. But with that being said, we are going to jump right in with number 10 on the list, which is going to be environmental engineering. And basically, this is where you use engineering principles to develop solutions to environmental problems. Now they make about $87,000 a year or so, which is around number seven on the list. So it's on the lower side out of all of them. And they also have an average growth over the next 10 years, expected to be around 5%, which again, it's kind of okay. The average for all jobs is around four to 6%. And one thing you'll notice about engineering degrees is sometimes they're on the lower side of average in terms of the job outlook in the next 10 years. And then another thing about this, which isn't as good as there's only about 55,000 jobs available, that's kind of on the lower side when it comes to engineering. So because of the fact that, you know, it has all those things kind of going against that it's either average or below average and all the significant metrics, that's why it comes in at number 10 on the list. But overall, if you compare it to jobs as a whole, this is still a very solid option. Next on the list is going to be marine engineering coming in at number nine. And this one kind of sounds like exactly what it is. You're going to be working on engineering related things that have to do with water. So boats, for instance, submarines, things along those lines. Now, when you first look at the statistics for marine engineering, it looks extremely impressive. You got $92,000 a year for the average salary, which is pretty good. You got a 9% future growth prediction, which is also really good. I think that's actually the best on the entire list. But the problem with this is it's very limited. There's only about 11,700 jobs total. And that's actually dead last on the list. So you might have that 9% growth rate, but 9% of only 11,000 isn't that great. Whereas, you know, with some of the other ones, you might only have 5% expected growth rate, but maybe there's 300,000 jobs. So that's actually a lot of jobs overall. Another thing about this particular degree is you're probably going to have to move somewhere in order to get a really good job. And then it's not going to be as flexible as some of the other ones on the list where, let's say you don't want to work in this particular career field, you can easily just transition into a different one.  This one isn't exactly like that. It would probably be quite difficult to transition. And that is why this one comes in at number nine on the list and not better. Number eight on the list is going to be civil engineering. And this one is all about using engineering principles to, you know, develop different infrastructures or buildings and that sort of thing. And the great thing about this one is there is kind of a level of oversight on this one, meaning if you're more of a hands-on person, this might be one of the better degrees for you to get into when it comes to engineering, because you're kind of on site and you're where the action is. This one is a one of the lower paid ones on the list. It's only around 86,000 a year or so, which is not good. It's kind of like average or lower. Now, this is definitely one of the lower paid on the list. In fact, I think it comes in at dead last. You only get paid an average about $86,000 a year. However, there is a ton of job openings, about 326,000 right now, and it's expected to grow about 6% in the next 10 years. So it's looking pretty good into the future. That's on the higher side of average. And it's actually one of the better numbers when you're comparing them against other engineering degrees. Number seven on the list is going to be a little bit controversial probably, because this is actually the most popular engineering degree, and that's going to be mechanical engineering. Now, mechanical engineering is one of the lower paid on the list. It's around $87,000 a year or so, which comes in at, I think, the third to last on the list. It has an average growth of about 4%, which I'd say is around average for this particular list. And overall it's on the lower side of average. However, there is a ton of job openings for mechanical engineers, about 312,000 right now. And so that's actually not too bad in terms of the demand now and also the demand going into the future. Now, like I mentioned before, this is the most popular engineering degree. And for that reason, there's also going to be more competition than some of the other ones. But with that being said, mechanical engineers are sort of like a jack of all trades. And that means that even if you don't end up working as a mechanical engineer, there's a really good chance that you could get hired doing something else that's in the technology field or something that's not necessarily related to mechanical engineering, but the skills that you learn, you know, studying mechanical engineering transfer over. So there's honestly a lot of X factors with this one. And, you know, I'm sure that some people are going to argue this one should be higher on the list. And I totally respect your arguments. But in terms of the things that we can actually measure, it's around number seven on the list. Next one on the list coming in at number six is going to be industrial engineering. And basically what they do in a nutshell, it's actually kind of complicated, but they streamline different processes for businesses that require either software or mechanical means in order to create products. So for instance, car companies would hire industrial engineers to design and streamline a process of creating a car. So the finished product is not only efficiently made, but it's also really good. So in terms of pay, this one is the second worst on the list at about $87,000 a year. However, there are a ton of job openings now about 284,000. And there's going to be even more in the future at about 8%. And the 8% is the second best on the list. So there's basically a ton of opportunity in the future for this one. And it really does make sense. I mean, everything in terms of business is getting streamlined. Everybody's focused on AI, streamlining processes, and that is exactly what industrial engineers help with. So it doesn't quite pay as well as a lot of the others on the list. However, there's so much demand and the other stats look so good for it. And I really just see in the future, just if you use kind of common sense, I see this one being extremely coveted by businesses as we go into the age of automation. And so for that reason, I put them at number six. So number five on the list is going to be chemical engineering. And basically what they do is they use the principles of chemistry, as well as, you know, engineering, physics, biology, even mathematics in order to improve or create different products related to food or drugs or fuel, something along those lines. So in terms of the median pay, it's actually extremely good at about $104,900 a year. That comes in at, I believe, number three or number four on the list. It's kind of tied for number three, I believe. And there's also a 6% average growth, which is on the higher side on the list. Again, four to six percent is normal. So it's on the higher side of normal overall. But for this particular list, that's actually pretty good. However, the one really bad thing about this one, and it's the reason why it's not better ranked on this list is there's only about 33,000 job openings, which is one of the lowest out of all of them. Still, chemistry as a whole and chemical engineering specifically, in my opinion, is really starting to make a comeback in terms of skills that are extremely valued by different companies. And so I do see this one kind of becoming even a little bit more valuable in the future. It's also a relatively flexible degree, which was somewhat surprising to me. I kind of just pictured it as being one of those things where you can only get a certain amount of jobs, but there's actually quite a few opportunities out there for chemical engineers. So if you decide to not go into specifically chemical engineering, there are a lot of options out there for you. You could go into the natural gas industry, oil, those sorts of things. But with that being said, you might have to move somewhere in order to have the best opportunities and get the best career options.  Maybe your family lives there. And with this particular career, you might end up having to move away. And it's actually very similar to number four on the list, which is petroleum engineering. Now you might be surprised that I put them as number four because this one has the highest salary by a mile. It comes in at number one easily at $137,000 a year. That is just totally insane for a four-year degree.  That's that's insane. I think that's actually the best out of any undergraduate degree. So it wins in that one particular category. But unfortunately, every other category, it's going to be below average or average at best. So for instance, there's only about 33,500 jobs available right now, and it's only expected to grow at about 3% over the next 10 years. Neither of those are very good. They're towards the bottom of the list. And on top of that, this is another one of those degrees that's not very flexible. Your skill set won't necessarily translate as easily into a different industry. That doesn't mean you can't move into a different industry. It's just not going to be as easy or seamless as something like mechanical engineering, for instance. And this is also another one where you will likely have to move somewhere in order to have the best opportunities. There's a good chance that you won't be able to get a job in your favorite city or your hometown, and you'll have to move somewhere where all the jobs are available. And this might be a small town in Texas that's right next to an oil field or it might even be like an oil rig that's out in the middle of the ocean. And unfortunately, those are going to be your options. But if you're okay with those sorts of things, then you could even say that this might be number one or number two on the list. But overall, I kind of think that the average person is not going to enjoy that. And that's why I put it as number four. And this one is actually extremely similar to number three on the list, which is aerospace engineering. Now, again, it has a ridiculously high pay, which is about $115,000 a year, which I believe comes in at number two on the list. There's about 67,000 jobs available right now, which is average to below average. And then it's only expected to grow about 2%, which is definitely below average. And I think that's actually one of the lower ones on the list. And this is really one of those majors where it's kind of feast or famine, you know, if we're in a wartime situation, for instance, they're probably going to need a ton of aerospace engineers. But if we're not, you might not need as many.  And at this particular time, we're kind of in the famine part of the feast or famine. And it basically has all of the same issues that petroleum engineering has where you're probably not going to find a job in your hometown or your favorite place to live, you're going to have to move somewhere probably not quite as bad as petroleum engineering, but you'll likely have to move to a different place in order to get the best opportunities. And it's also not going to be very flexible, probably again, slightly more flexible than petroleum engineering. But it's not nearly as flexible as something like mechanical or electrical. Still, this is a very good option. And that's why it comes in so high on the list. Speaking of electrical engineering, number two on the list is going to be electrical engineering. And there's a reason why this is so high on the list, because it's just really good in pretty much every single category. The median pay is nearly $100,000 a year at about 99,000. There are 330,000 job openings, which is just crazy. It does have a slow growth average at about 2%. But when you have 330,000 job openings, 2% of 330,000 is still a good amount of job openings. And this is another one of those degrees that's extremely flexible, not only within the electrical engineering kind of industry, but you can also get jobs that are outside of that industry relatively easily. You probably won't have to move anywhere to find a job. You can live in your ideal city and still get a really good job. And I kind of think of this one sort of just practically speaking, we're not going to stop using electrical devices anytime in the near future. So I see this one having demand not only just the next 10 years, but the next 20, 30, 40 years and beyond. Speaking of a lot of demand, number one on the list is going to be computer engineers. Computer engineering is going to be an amazing choice for you and you can probably guess basically what they do. It's all to do with computers and hardware. And they make about $114,500 a year median pay, which is just insane for a four-year degree. I think that comes in at number three on the list right behind aerospace, but just by a smidge, there's about 64,400 jobs available, which is pretty average. However, it does have a 6% expected growth rate, which is one of the higher ones on the list. But to me, what really sets this one apart besides from its really good stats is its practicality. What sets it apart is the fact that it does overlap with computer science, even though you're more focused on hardware than software, you still have to have a really good understanding of the software side of things. And as we're entering the age of automation and streamlining, these sorts of skills are going to become extremely valuable. There are going to be tons of opportunities within the next 20 years. And let's say you don't want to be a computer engineer. This is a really good one to transition into computer science. You'd be able to bring a perspective into computer science that a lot of tech companies would probably really want to have on their team. So the fact that you can transition into probably the number one industry in the world, which is tech, and it would be something that a lot of people would love to hire you for means this one comes in at number one on the list. But overall, all of these are really good options in terms of getting employed. And really, you should just go for the one that is the best fit for you personally. So you want to think about what you're good at, obviously, but you also want to think about what you're passionate about and what would be the best option for you to do an entire career from. And there's also a lot of X factors and things that we may not be able to predict that could completely change the outcome of these rankings. And then another thing is if you happen to live in a city, for instance, that has a bunch of petroleum engineering jobs, and that's your hometown, that's the place you want to live, maybe that would be something that would make it number one on the list for you. So there's a lot of different things to consider. And of course, you should always do your research, talk to people who are already doing the jobs, and just make sure you choose the best option for you. Make sure to check out my videos right here. I made them just for you.  Thank you so much for watching, and bye for now.


What does Pichu do? Let's have a look at the team. We've got the Porygonzee with the life up here They've all hyperbeamed up post that nasty plot. Okay, nice And a physical Charizard. Okay dreams coming true. Okay, let's just bury there Don't fake out uncle.  Why and we've got the sash Okay, that's good Spirit breaks, okay, pick a taunt crab hammer G max king la with the assault vest Okay, now now this is awesome. And then we got that Okay, perfect. What do we got a colossal team? No Okay, this is this is Well, we do have Pichu and we do have king la Hmm a man we need to lock in super quick. I Don't know what I'm doing. I'm just locking in because we're like so run out of time. I'm so sorry, dude Pikachu trainer We will try and do this with king la at least turn one. We can kind of stop The we've I'll do it anything. I think Pichu speed ties modest max speed Need a color. Yeah, that that's right. Yeah, I think it does with that 123. Yeah, I Think a G max form would take down the colossal, right? I'm pretty sure it would But we can fake out the weevil for sure now like they have to protect I mean the one thing we could do is like double up into the weevil here and You just worry about the colossal maxing and and and then like are they gonna max? I don't know if they will I feel like they're in a really awkward position like where they need to switch out the weevil and maybe protect the colossal But then if we take down whatever comes in it, there's the problem there lies the problem So they're just gonna get the weevil back onto the field and be in this same position again We'll go for it though Doesn't look like they're switching. They may protect the colossal here. I don't know I just don't want to proc this steam engine behind a protect And I don't think that the G max form is gonna be enough to to take it down through the protect But thankfully it's a weevil not a sneeze out So we can fake it out unless it fakes us out first obviously, but if it does that then It's kind of annoying then because then we could have just attacked the colossal But you proof you presume in this sort of situation that they're in such a bad spot because if they tried to surf We fake them out we get rid of this they're propping then we're in a decent spot But we'll see what they do Okay, max guard. That's perfect. Now if we can get rid of the weevil here Okay, it's faking us out which is fine because Unless the weevils Sashed but then if it is then be minus two and Peach you will add speed at this next turn so we can just go donk donk. Yeah, that's perfect. That's perfect Okay, never thought I'd be playing a week a peach you And Should we just go for like real real bants and just on call the weevil and just take down the colossal Let's just let's just do that. No, it's got a mental herb, right? If it has we're screwed. We're not screwed But we're gonna be fine. This is good. This is good. Okay Colossal is retreating. Oh my god. They just G max max guarded And now they're off. Okay. Well, that's fine Burizian coming in that is super fine as well because we will on call you mr. Weevil And we'll get a nice G max form into Into Burizian put that down to minus two While that does so much damage that's nuts damage, it's resisted Okay, there we go. This is what it's about. This is G max king. Let doing all the good stuff. Um, All right, so I think probably go for a nozzle into weevil now just to Do that and I mean Let's just go for another burst really because the speed drops are so good. They're so potent Yeah, whatever comes in my nozzle it.  So I mean Whatever we do this next turn, it's gonna be doing so much work Naffy I have to think of the worst case scenario. It's the best way to look at it always that I'm never disappointed I know what you mean. I know what you mean, dude Okay, so minus four minus two minus while the boss minus four now with the nozzle on to the primarina This is magic. I love this combination You could cheer it like this is just this is awesomeness Now we can't on-call the Burizian, but it's probably better to just attack now because I think they're gonna probably switch version out to bring it back in again and We still got PZ in the back Let's protect peach you because I don't think you really go after the king la here Hmm. He's super power version Yeah, let's go for that because I think whatever comes in I'll take decent damage from it I know we'll get the defense drops and stuff like that, but they're not switching, huh? It's interesting This should take down Burizian Yep, okay. I don't think we needed the quit. I'm gonna say it now And div tax I got I just look up and read the comment imagine your opponent's face thinking I'm losing to Pichu. I know we have to protect Pichu at all costs. Okay, so that is the aim of the game We cannot let Pichu go down There's no way I'm I'm I'm losing Pichu here.  I think Okay, let's go for the nozzle into weevile and let's go for a crab hammer Into primarina, I just feel like the colossal is gonna come in. Okay, it's not Okay, that's fine But they do have aqua jets so we do need to be very careful around the aqua jet Hopefully we don't lose Pichu because now that would be Okay, they're going after the king now. That's fine Pichu survives King Legos down which is sad, but at the same time Now we're screwed against colossal, but it is gonna be max colossal, right? So Mmm Do you have hyper beam thunderbolt? We could nasty plot. I guess We've got no protect. This is the thing. We need a way to just get rid of Okay, let's bring in PZ and then let's try and deal with colossal after that. I think they're gonna aqua jet We kind of have to hope that they They're paralyzed. That's what we got a hope for now They are so disrespecting Pichu Right, we have to protect because then we can maybe maybe on call the colossal I'm gonna hyper beam the primed just to get rid of it if it's paralyze this turn that'd be perfect This is getting bad now. Okay No Okay, this is not good. This is not good. We need to get rid of the primarina. Oh, no, don't say we're gonna go down to this Not aqua jet was good, but okay, PZ. You're gonna have one more chance. Oh my god. This is like the worst I can't believe we missed that that the hyper beam. Oh my god. This is like the worst Now we've got Charizard against colossal. This is why I don't like PZ. This is why PZ is the worst. Oh My god, two hyper beam misses in a row Okay, now now now it's bad now we should have we should have on called the the colossal and We need a double we need literally a double Like both to be paralyzed both to be paralyzed. We've got to get the double paralysis for this to work and It's still gonna be very iffy Okay, double paralysis Come on. I'm visualizing it and visualizing it peeps visualize it home Oh Well, I think we're done. I know they have to charge this turn. Okay, we get the okay This isn't too bad if they're paralyzed here, then that's not the worst How we got a rock slide we've got a flinch power flinch our way to to victory we could maybe still do this. Okay We hit Okay, we just need one one like both of them to be not move this turn That's bad Okay, flinch and flinch We can do this we can do this we can do this we can do this friends We pull it back. She always odd is gonna do it. Come on. Okay Charizard's like I'm not letting my little peach you friend down. We're gonna do this Come on. Come on char Come on. Oh my god. We missed the rock slide what we missed it on to Primerina we needed to be paralyzed here. Come on Come on paralyzed paralyzed paralyzed paralyzed paralyzed paralyzed paralyzed We came close We did our best we did our best We did our best And it wasn't good enough. I'm on it. Very good game Very good game. Unfortunately, we just couldn't do it. Pichu Nelly did it though Ah Mf. Thank you so much for the follow. Thanks for joining us tonight. I hope you enjoyed the streamer this all Okay, it was so close guys. It was so close So close. All right. Well, we're gonna give Pichu one more more run out. Pichu is awesome And the king led it good as well. Okay. Well, char Nelly did it for us. We just needed that one Well, if you just hit the rock slide, we missed two hyper beams in a rock slide Swear that that Primerina felt like it had like bright powder attached to it and just nothing hitting it Okay, we got signed up next playing dracazolt clafairy urshifu Decidueye talent flame and pz. So Hmm, what can we do here? Me king let's not buy it Decidueye makes it a little bit awkward for sure Mm Also pz is not bad as well, but I do worry about the urshifu a little bit Um Actually, let's try something. Let's try something. Let's go Pichu pz I mean charizard's pretty decent here to be honest Uh, although dracazolt causes us all sorts of issues But um Okay, let's bring king la and let's bring I'm gonna bring zard again I mean zard was amazing that last game. So for that reason alone We're gonna bring it we're gonna bring it If we got if we got one of those hyper beams, we would have we would have clinched that match for sure Because then we could have got zard in with it's with the belly drum and we still would have probably had pz at that point. Um But it happens it happens sometimes like that it works out Sometimes the game says it doesn't want you to win and then it just yeah just doesn't work out so well um, okay This is not the greatest lead for us at all. Um Are they gonna protect the clafarii? I think they probably do that's got a nuzzle and I think we've got a max start max striking I don't think we can afford not to to be honest I mean we could fake out the clafarii, but it's likely the clafarii knows we've got fake Do they know we've got fake out? We are a pichu. I don't know how familiar players are with pichu We could have probably just went for the fake out Fake out seems to work a lot of the time when you think it probably wouldn't Um, but if we can get the the nuzzle into the pz it's very helpful But it may have been better to actually max guard here and then go for the nuzzle into um into their pz In hindsight that probably would have been a better call. I think I know. We're just gonna see her follow me. Okay PZ gets benched. Yeah Okay, I don't think we take oh we do take that. Okay Now do we take down the clafarii because if we can take down this clafarii That'd be ideal because then we get the nuzzle into the pz Which will be set us up nicely to be able to uh to deal with it the following turn Okay, clafarii gone perfect We can nuzzle and then depending on what comes in next to it We can maybe nuzzle that as well max guard and then go for some Big big tax a big big attacks Chef j md. How are you doing? I hope you're well. Thanks for joining us tonight I hope you enjoy the stream of this So I'm playing rental teams We're having a lot of fun. So hopefully you do enjoy it. Is this Richard if he was this dark Uh, no, this is water. I think is it Let's just check this Yeah, I'm getting better at this. Okay, so Let's go for the nuzzle. Let's go for max guard this turn Then once they're both paralyzed we can then Go after the pz the next turn Like in a perfect world the p- in pausing pz max guards as well, but I don't know if it will Okay, and they're just going search and strikes, which is fine. So if they're banded that works out perfectly for us um, I'm gonna see They're going to the p2 here max striking sure Look at this down the minus two are the ocean fish still out speeds if not, which isn't great Hmm Yeah Yeah, the ocean fish still out speeds us, which is not great Nappy 10 gifted subs, dude. Thank you so much nappy mate. That is just too kind, dude That is far too kind of you. Thank you so much, mate I really appreciate it and everyone jumping on the sub train right now. Thank you so much friends All the support means so much Um, okay. I think what we'll do is we will um Protect peach we can't protect because there's no point in protecting. Let's go for an encore into urshafoo and let's Switch into king land It might not be the best move in the world Just because I think you probably go after peach you if you're urshafoo And then you go out the p pz. It's just wasting the move here. So I think we need to preserve pz Um to come back in and deal with these poke one surgeon strikes Zeboa, thank you and thank you to everyone else. Okay into king land, which isn't the worst So hopefully they're gone after the peach you here Maybe the pz is fully paralyzed, which would be Okay, well we get the encore so we're locking it into that can't do anything else This is a good name Uh, and nappy is all fizzy. Uh, is nappy leaving or someone leaving? Oh, dude, you did not need to apologize at all nappy But have a great rest of your day. Maybe whatever you're up to and as always it's awesome to have you on the stream Thank you so much for the generosity, dude. Um, honestly, it's incredible Um, can we okay? We're in a good place now where we can actually get rid of The extra food and the pz and more clean So What we need to do is super power the pz and go I don't really want a hyper beam. I wanted thunderbolt They don't yeah thunderbolt should be it. Yeah more than enough. What am I talking about and we'll go superpower into the pz And then they got one pokemon left potentially if we don't see switches here, which we might do Okay, no switches, which is great So yeah, enough perfect and then superpower come on kingly be enough to get this pz Please be enough Me and if it doesn't it's still not the worst It is enough. Okay, there we go. Ah, that's good Nappy you are the god of all gods I'm doing the whole thing shiny event dense spooky october. Uh, would you join me? Dude, I would love to I'd love to the spooky dens are great this month. I think there'll be a very fun. Um Special event this month for halloween. I would imagine we'll knock off. We'll try and get this. I don't know if we'll Here we get the dog posts. I don't know if this would be enough It'll do a good chunk though and then sets up charizard to come in Okay, weakness policy Why are they going now? Yeah, they well, yeah, we kind of take away their options there. So it depends. Yeah, energy ball Okay, but we got zard in the back to come in and clean up first and hopefully zard Like last game can come in and do some stuff and we can pick up a win with this team, which is good Star shiny event, uh nice That sounds awesome, dude Um more fire punch and that should be enough. Hopefully without the belly drum boost We don't need it fire punch should be enough from zard. So that's got decent base attack as well. So I'm presuming. Yeah, okay Good game to my opponent.  So Pikachu trainer, thank you so much for the team and thank you for the p2 very very fun to play very fun to play