Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. Kaributina katikak pili cha kocha andashe. Meme li fatma ya kug na muzangwa pa abdirizak. Mamba wepe. Pwasana alhamdulillah. Ya ni leo na furiasana kukuna. Nambia kwa ni? Kwa sababu eni e li kyotis ga pata na pasta kukuna. Meme ni meklaibu kukutafuta kwa mene. 2 pasana ni kashanga kwa nu mea. Muadi e mo li safirita. Ya ni nu mei ni kusidi plenaka rukendi kwa sababu a 2 engi rukendi na wazaga juma. Wengina to teri wikendi zawzi shanzana na shukuru kwa mei shafika ni bani kwa mehanzaku tututazama na nivi e makabisa. Kwa weo na plengania rukendi? Rukendi bada tasi yadiwa. Yadiwa? Yadiwa bada. Mese sa rukendi pengina ta kwa na safiriki dowa na ni kakule mombasani. Pisha to tufleteni? Mdia chubi. Yad chubi teri ngeza kule jiko ni tu. Kwa ni maju yad chubi intofauti na ila kuditi ngezea yung bani? Lakin ni siyumina tumbo. Ya basi alit e tubasi? Ya kwa woleo katika kipili chadu chalyeo to kotna zugumzi ya zina. Zina ni ni le mambu mambu mini zimungu hai pili. Nona pata kati kasi sahibibidi yana weigo me ngeza katika zina. Kasa nge o tuna e shehe ya bani ita shehe. Abuba karswale na kuna shehe Abuba karkali. Ambaya watangazia sehalahili. Watutambia aina nga puze zina ambazo tunazo. Ni jinsigani intoambaya aneza kudili na kutukana na zina. Naka mamu tu tebi aneza kwa misha fani chokiti rocha zina. Ni bipi aneza kutubu na mdokia Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. Sasa... Ngepe na kongezakua. Kamavidya na tuna mti alisana. Kusababu zina menea kila mahali. Chokutana wa tromba tu me kuzo kwanjia tu fauti. Arafu wakachi tu na kutana na zili sambaduni za kule ugaibuni. Tengatu ingiya piya o tone nge katika zina. Fstwa limo ni ambaduni ngepe na. Kamawidya sahabu. Ni mesewakum tamulisham dinwe tu saara karibu katika kipin. Nalaipe ishto hopo enze twa patifusa kuhua kidoga famike kuhua hopo katika studiusha. Tefa dati panzuna. As-salamu alaikum warahmaku Allahi ubarakatu. Yoy twa shakha abubakir maasha Allah. Alafu kia tuna nubi yatu ngepe na piya na yuji tamulishu patika kuskika tu dikuwa hopo. Kusubi. As-salamu alaikum warahmi tullahu warahkatu. Tumu alaikum warahmi tullahu warahkatu. Shukran sana kukunya. Social media itabili twa famike kuhua. Onayza kuchu pata katika ubarakatu. Fistbu ku at... At?  A na shkul wakoni kariweisha kuzungumzeh jambohele. Hakikakatika wa Christo, vigya na haswa. Uwa tuna fundeshwa, jensi tuna vioishi wema, jensi munga liyo tuma, tuwe waminifu katika milizetu, hata wali ambawa katika wakukatika ndoa. Ni wema wajitunzeh, manakendo anitaka tifu. Uki nda ndoa umetenda dami, ambawa sinzuri kwa mungu. Na aswa katika vigya na sasa, vigya na wengo mejingiza katika mambu mengi ambawa tatuelewi, na toki awapi. La fukisha bada na sema, ni maji aloia mungutu, mungu amengili awapi na mambu akuna wapanya katika giza. Ibo uwa sebo kwa katika kikristo, wana katazo kushirike katika ndo lando wakabla ekoana. Kambisa, haiku baliwi katika hata bibiliya, hata wali uwa ishikitam wa haiku baliwi. Na izi kampiini ambazo anona kuna kanisa zingini wana sema safe sex, wana sema tutumia contraceptives. So, izo kanisa wana ta kuna bia kuna kanisa tufauti ambazo pingini zina kubaliya kushirike, lakini iko safe. Amani tu... Uwa yuwa katika utsemi komfano kini asasa. Ina bia lakia asasa, uupata mubiria na sema ni vizul, mungu ya sema ni bia matulete hii topik. Tukiza kuizungu mzia, adara ni wona kama ita leta, ita eza kusailia vidyana. Likini wengi wona kuamba hii uki leta katika kanisa, utsemi uki leta evi, haita kwa viema. Nia li tu zungu mzia mahali, penyimutu aneza, haita leta changamutu mingisa na asa uki elewa, kimoazo. Ngependa kwa katisha kali makidogo. Katika home kondo waku zungu mzia kinga kutukana na magonjo na kinga kutukana na mimba isi okusu diwa. Ngependa utua rifu, metaza muakoni upina hukmu ya uislamu, yu ya kutumia kinga katika kufanya mbukamayale ya shugulizan doa, wakatiwa tuwa kweninjiya doa, ama hatanda niya doa? Tuna pozungu mzia mazala ya kutumia kinga. Nadani haia ni mazala mbukamba ni mazala ya kuletwa, na ni mazala ya wali mbukamba tunawaita ni western people. Haia ni mazala mbukamba haia jafungamana na tamaduni na mila zaki Afrika, haia jafungamana na mafundishu ya kislamu. Kwa sababu katika uislamu kuna jia zili mbazukumba zime kubalika, kupitia hadithi mbazukumba nizaki islamu, wali vukuwa wakipanga ma suhaba wakipanga uzazi. Na jia hiyo ilikuwa siyon jia mbukamba niya kutumia kinga, bali ni jia mbukamba niyo sunna ili o sisi tizwa, ni kwa mba watu wa takapukuwa katika stareheza o zile, kwa sababu wa takuwa wameshia elewana, kwa mba ni mumenamke wame elewana, na wame kubaliana pengine kwa sababu moja na ngingine hatutakim toto, pengine kwa mudahu, kwa hiyo ita kwa bibi anadjuwa na bananadjuwa, kwa hiyo watafanya kile kitendo, lakini ita kapu fika, palia mbapu manamume na takana kufika kileleni, basi ule manamume ata fika kileleni kwa inje. Sasa, ngependa tuzungu mzia ili suwala la vidyana, vidyana ambao hawa jengia katikandoa, kutumia hezimbenu uzaku panga uzazi, mjaza mwako ni upiku siyana na ili suwala. Nadani katika nadari aiyangu, ni kwa mba masalaya ngono, ama masalaya tendo landoa, kwa vidyana ni suwala amba lo kwa mba, halina na fasi kabisa, kwa sababu kila kituki na wakatiwaki, angaliya iali madhara mba kwa mba, iana sababu bishwa, pengine na vidyana kujingiza katika matendo kamahae, kuna madhara mengi, utapata mischa na pengine, anaweza kwa kwa jauzito, ikam katiza ili muyake, kuna marazi, aina tafauti tafauti, mba kwa mba na fungamana na haia, matendo mba kwa mba, siyo ma amrishu amu ni hezimungu Subhanu wa Taale. Kwa iwotuki, angaliya iali madhara, basitu na ona, moja kwa moja kwa mba, niu vizuri, kabisa vidyana, wakirudi katika mafunzu mba kwa mba ni hadini, kila kitu ki kuna wakati wake, kuna wakati mba kwa mba utafika, uta takikana uoe, na ningependa tu kuse mba komba, katikadini uislamu, ikiwa kijana, ana jisiki yadamu inachemka, boradamu inachemka, basi na yukoteari kuowa, ana takikana uoe, hakuna umri boramesha balik, na kuna wezo, anaweza kwa. Anafa ni nazima kwa kia uoe. Kwa iyo, abiruza fiki rei, karibuni, karibuni uta kwa, buna tu alika kwenya Rusiya. Aero, tu kere delia kwenya mada, shehe, buna bubakar, no, shehe wetu. Kuna ili soili ambalo, watu ana zima, kuna ayinambili zizi na mba zoni, zi fahamumi, kuna ili zizi na yamacho, na kuna hi zizi na, ambalo ana zima zi na amarashe, wana zima wana wake, hau fai kutumi amarashe. Inki gyoza, katika luga kimo mo, do, braza, bubakar mgina tu ele, we have two types of zina, the one I know of. So you have this zina of the eyes, and you also have this type of zina, where they say if a woman wears this scent like strong perfumes and everything is also another type of zina. So my question is, I can't really shed light on this scent for the women, because most of the ladies nowadays wear these perfumes and colons and also we use some of these body lotions. And these body lotions, they also have these strong scents. So is it also zina to wear these lotions that have strong scents? Alhamdulillah. In the Islamic law, we have what we call saddo zari'a. Saddo zari'a means to block any access that will commit crime or sin. And what is the justification of that is a verse in Surah al-Isra, Surah al-Isra, and he talks about saddo zari'a. The verse says wala takarabo zina inna wukana fahakisha tan wasa asabila. Do not come close to zina. Inna wukana fahakisha because coming very close to zina is an act of immorality. Islam preaches morality. So it should not come close to it. Inna wukana fahakisha tun wasa asabila. And it is a very bad way for someone to take zina as a way of life. Now these coming very close to zina has so many interpretations. And part of that interpretation is that you should not make yourself available to anything that will attract to commit zina. And there are so many ways that one can be tempted to commit zina. And part of it is that zina according to the explanation of our scholars of terubia. They said the woman she is one like she is the subject of zina is only when a woman protects herself zina will not have. Zina cannot be accessed. And so therefore Islam made it haram for a woman, for a Muslim woman to come to go out without having a complete Islamic attire. She has to wear the wig. She has to wear the hijab. I should not apply perfume. And this application of the perfume is not mentioned in the Quran directly but it is mentioned. And the hadith explains that the Holy Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam won the Muslim women that if they are going out they should put on their garment the Islamic garment they will be with the female and other and they should not apply the perfume. So this brings me to the question why are men allowed to wear perfume and not women in the Quran? Good, because as I explained women they are the subject of attraction. They can easily tempt men to commit zina. I think I can add that. Whatever my brother is speaking is very right. And in Islam we have what we call rules of hijab. Rules of hijab. These are the rules that guide how a Muslim man dresses, how a Muslim woman dresses, how a girl dresses and how a Muslim woman dresses. So under those rules are the ones that are stating the characteristics that a man can put on as well as the characteristics a woman can put on. And it is there that you will find that a woman cannot put on transparent dress. A woman cannot put on a very tight dress and she cannot put on a very tight dress a woman cannot perfume herself. She should not wear what we call knocking shoes. And if you look at all these angles you will see as the sheikh is saying they are the ones that are making you go close to zina. Because let us give this example. We have two women. A woman who is decently dressed maybe abuibui and hijab and normal shoes walking, no perfume, nothing. And there is another one who has abuibui and hijab but maybe she is putting on knocking shoes and perfume. Together. Once the first woman when she passes by no one will notice. But the second one even if the shoes are not knocking but the perfume will attract But remember Sheikh he also said that we have these zina of the eyes. Zina of the eyes it has nothing to do with perfumes. So what about this zina of the eyes? How do men control this zina of the eyes? I think when we go to that I think Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala has made it very very clear in the Holy Quran that tell the believing men to lower their gazes and tell the believing women also to lower their gazes So there is no bias there. Both parties here either men or female should lower their gazes. I need to add on to what you said. There is a sahaba I do not remember his name he once said okay I will not quote someone but you can add on to that what exactly it was he once said that when you are walking behind a lion it is better than walking behind a woman as a gentleman perhaps you can tell me who exactly that was.  Na fkiri ni, wewa wana pomsalimia hui yu dada. Mpem kono, kwa sababu jin siyaze nuni moji ya hakuna na dara. Lakin nisi wewa wana pomsalimia wana mumi. Kwa sababu, hadisi, ambe wakamba, ime poke wamba wakamba niso hihi, nitu me Muhammad sallallahu alia wasallam, amesema in nila usa fihung nisa. Meme siwapati wana wake miko no. Na kichunguza mafunzo ya kenini ni, kwa sababu manadamu, ama manamume, ame umba tafauti. Kuna manamume tu ili, ulem kono tu, basita kwa kila kitu kimeka milika. Namkwa iwa kwa sababu hiyo. Na fkiri ni muhimu, sisi kama islamu, tu jaribu haswa vijana, na wa tu engini. Tu jaribu kuwa ili misha wali ndu guze tu amba wakamba siwa islamu. Diwa siwa wakawana ili fihkra kwa mba tuna wabagua. Manake maranyi ngi, umtu wana poku pambkono, na weutraki kumpa, maranyi ngi kuna kuna ili fihkra kwa mba, huyu pengini na jiyonani bora, ame nimi. Lakinu kikakati kamsimamu. Kama mimi ni, sheikh elhamdulillah, na kutana katikamu kutano na wa tu engini. Umtu ni kukutana na yemara kwanza pengini na kini pambkono, huwa na weza ni kakubali. Lakinu nilego ni ili kumfunza, manake ni takubali ni msa limie, lakinu ni tamuitakando ni mweleze, ndu guyangu kuna kaza kaza kaza, kwa sababuhi ndi yonji amba kwa mba na tufanya tuwe karibu, na tuwe pamoja. Kwa saminda sualili? Namu. Ulajuwa zina pengini kuna inginiwe tuwa miifanya. Samili ongi penda kuiliza, hukumu tuwa mba miifanya zina ni ipi. Nakama kuna wali aba mba miifanya zina, wa tere dili abipi kumunizimu kutu. Kido kushe. Namu. Tafadal, kablahatu jenge katikahilo. Ngependa kuiliza suali kusiana na jinsu liwa kwa sema, kufunikam kono akatu na msa limiamtu. Eloni jambu ambalo mimi monyei, kwa ili muamboni kuna una. Hisi ni kama hai kukfatiliya, ili hadita amba na sema kusiana na kili amba chuki na tangwa uzu. Lamzul marati bibatini kafa. Yani kumugusa mwa namke kwa kiganya chako kina avunja uzu. Na sasa yule mwa namke aki kupam konoa ke wakati ameva glovu, ama aka sugeza slave ya gwea ke kishikafunikam konoa ke ala faka kupam konu. Kuna tatizu nahilo ama kuna tatizu? Nafkiri, kwanza lazima tufahamu? Namu. Kwanba katika masala yamu islamu, kuna mazhab amba kwa mba ni manini amba kwa mba nakubalika.  But if you cover it, there's no problem because it is not direct contact. So brother Agubaka, what do you think about the people who've already committed this zina? Do they still have a chance to come back to Allah? Al hamdulillah. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala, in his names and attributes, He is al-A'fu, the forgiver. He is al-A'fu, he pardon, he overlook, and al-Khafu, he forgive. And he is al-Rashim, the masterful. And at the same time he is al-Wadut, the loving. So Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala, knowledge to us about some people that have committed so many crimes and they lose hope, they despair. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala said that those who have committed so many crimes, they should not lose hope from the rahma of Allah. So anyone who commits zina and he repent to Allah, Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala will accept him. Allah will continue to accept the sinners until the sun rises from the west.   If he so wished, he will forgive them. If he so wished, he will punish them. So there is the Babu Tawba for anyone who commits zina, if he comes back to Allah, Allah will accept him. There are some abayat of Imamul Qahatan, he is one of the famous kwa lai from Spain. He talks about forgiveness that as far as someone will come back for Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala And as far as someone is also committing zina, we will not say this person is a disbeliever. We will not do attack fear that Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala is hafuwan. He is merciful and he also talks about that we should fear Allah. When we fear Allah, when the consciousness of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala comes to you, you will have the presence of Allah in you. The fear of Allah will catch you. And the moment you do that with sincerity, you repent to Allah. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala said those who repent back to him sincerely Those people who repent and went back to Allah, they are sins that they have committed because of their sincere repentance. Allah will turn those sins, sins, He will turn them to righteous work. You see how massive on that? I said Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala is hafuwan, hafuwan, hafuwan, hafuwan. Sorry to interrupt a little bit. I'd like to ask you about when we started for it. Shakh Abu Bakr mentioned that for those people who have committed the act of zina and this person is married, they will be punished by being stoned to death. Now where is the door of forgiveness for such a person who has been stoned to death? According to Islamic law, once you have committed a crime and you have evidences that has proven that you have committed this crime, that law will be executed. That one is very clear about laws. But in a situation whereby someone has committed zina and he was not caught, then that person should go back to Allah and repent and forgive him. Prof. Sallallahu alaihi wasallam hit someone to commit something behind the curtain and he will come and say, I have done this. Someone committed zina and he came to the Prof. Sallallahu alaihi wasallam that I have committed zina in the Holy Prophet and his face. He came to this side and said, are you mad? Allah has covered you and you are coming to expose yourself. In Sharia, you cannot cut someone as a zani, except you have four witnesses. So catching a zani in Islam is the most difficult offense that someone will be caught because you must have four witnesses. And those four witnesses must witness the act of zina without any doubt. I would be right if I said that the married person who has been stoned is the punishment for zina. Is the punishment a way that they get expiation from their sins? Or how exactly is it? Is that correct really? Ya, that is the act of expiation. Because I recall one woman came to the Prophet Sallallahu alaihi wasallam and she said to the Prophet that I have committed zina and have become pregnant as a result of the zina. Are you together? So the Prophet Sallallahu alaihi wasallam said to this woman go and give birth and then come back. The woman went, she gave birth, she came back to the Prophet. She said I have given birth. The Prophet said go and breastfeed your child. The woman went, she breastfeed the child and then she came back again.  That is what happened and this is as a result of what it is the act now that expiates you from your sins. Once that is done then you are free from that sin. And that is same as what the sheikh was saying it is now true repentance because this woman was not sin. She was not sin. She was the one who went to the Prophet and said I committed this act. Yes. Maybe you can tell us the steps what can take you to avoid this sin. Alhamdulillah, I have some ways, almost 11 of them that one can follow. Insha'Allah to avoid this sin and will keep away from sin. One of it is alkhufa min Allahi. It is to fear Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. The fear of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala opens the gate of rakhama open even the gate of success in life. If you are having problems in your life, if you fear Allah and do istighfar Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala will open your way too. So this alkhufa number one is very important. Number two, ma'rifatu tambe khutura til fakhisha. You have to understand the consequences of zina. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala will punish someone who is committing zina. And there is another consequence that one will encounter when he committing zina. He will be ashamed. People will not... He will feel guilty. He will feel that he is impure. So that one also if you have that consequence of zina will be stigmatized among your people. It will make you keep away from zina. And number three, you have to also understand that if you commit zina, you have taken a debt. If you did not repent. Because as zina, zina is a debt. Come out to dina, to dan. As you do social it will be done unto you. Even if you do zina with the wall of your neighbor, one day your own wall will also be a victim of zina. So if you know this that zina is a very young boy came to the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam asking him to permit him to commit zina. Then the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam put his hand on his shoulder or on his chair.  He said no. Then why do you want to commit zina with the mother, the sister, the daughter of others? So he was rebuked and he said from that moment I hate zina with the call.  Number four, if you commit zina it can also lead to the brightness of your face will go away. That holiness, that brightness you will look down cast. If you know that one you will also not commit zina. And number five, you have to lower your case. Number six, you have to also keep away from interaction with opposite sex, mix it up. And that is why you see we have maintained this culture in gathering the Muslim culture. We have maintained this when we are having gathering. Is it suala? We have the upper side where women will follow the Jama'a and the lower side where the men will follow. And I also believe we have the same teaching from my Christian brothers. Insha'Allah. Before the point is the opportunity to carry on with that. I think this is a very important point to say that security women from men interacting freely at the areas of worship and also in every other part where Muslim men and women can get to meet each other. Secluding them from each other is also a way to make sure that we maintain the standards of morality and it's not at all a way of operation of women and it's not at all. It's just because we respect our women so much and that's why we have those rules. Ngependa kuende wako sasa-sara. Kama kijana waki Christo. Na posababu piya shohi inata zamo na watu mbo niwa Islamu na piya wa suko isama. Ngependa kwa manfa ya watu taza majiwote. Butu fahamishi kuna jinsi gani za vijana wote kwa jumda. Kujikinga na zina. Konfano, ama vijana wete wombao na taza mahuku. Angleza ku jepusya na mamu ya zina. Kama. Konfano wafuata dini manzo. Umjuemungu. Mungupemungu manzo. Kama niviukumba. Kisha kisha wafuata. Kama sisu wa Christo. Tuna sama ujifunishi na damu ya esu. Wafu piya Jesus. To be forgiven. Konfano kwa kijana wafanya. Dambi wama. Hekweli ni meifanya. Kintafanya jini rodi kwa mungu. Sasa nili wuna dikili. You acknowledge your sins. And then you tell God to purify you. To make you a new thing. From there wuna zakuna ujiavoid. Konfano ujiapusya na mambu ya nizakufanya. Kama ni akulewa. Kama ni rafiki. Anizakufanya wu rafiki. Anifanya ni lewe. Ah, siya zi tamana nai. Nenda zangu. Kama ni kuachana nai. Manaki wuna taka maisha bora. Sasa tu wa katikili waka tu alala. Salam. Makilam tu atakwano furstakia. Shihada twambia mambua kia mwisho. Brada ibu bakar na piyasar. Lakin akuleza tunakomins kwenya Facebook. Ndi yun dire tunakomins kwenya Facebook. Nduna nandugia tu kwa dina iman gems. Ame tumame sezya kiyuliza swali ni nini. Adani kwa di postia kwanza. Amotu di kwa tume kakusiana na topiki aleo. Ambo umesema tunazungumzi yazina. Ni kama ali post mida yadaki kathila zini lopita. Alafupia tu kyangalia katika postia ambaro tulikuwa tunazungumzi yamada wiki lopita. Ngependa kusoma kutoka kwa nanak. Anasema. Ani tu wa Abdul Qadir Tzumo. Anasema Mavazi siyoma Vazi Tu. Katika dinia kislamu bali tumefunzwa nam tumeretu dinsi yakuva. Nduna nandugia tu tuepukani na matamanio yanafsize tu. Ndi ozina isiwe yakuki thiri na kumkosia Allah. Ni komenta mboe meitu ma Abdul Qadir Tzumo kusiana namada yambara tulikuwa na yawiki lopita. Ndia obasi tu katika ukurase yotua Facebookum. Yapuna ona kidogo metandao zingua. Ndi zambazo zimeza kutufiki yazina zifungu. Lakin inshallah tu kipatafuka yamada wiki gia ututakuen yakuza. Kamatuni na kumalizakipi nini kipenda bradha bubakara tupe moniaki yamusho kwa lati zamaji. Yambawa na tuona pali nyumbani na piya shehia tupe yaki yamusho kisha sarwa. Na, we'll start with you Abu Bakar. What's your last one? Very, very good. My last word that we have to be got conscious and we have to manage. The innovation, the contemporary innovation, we have to manage it and we have to be also very conscious of our religion. Nafkiri mimi kukumalizia. Nita se matu komba Allah Subhana Huwataala ali poomba manzo ali muomba Adam na kamaomba Hawa na kulekua na malaika kule na ikaulizwa malaika mamaila ikauliza kwanini unawomba katika ardi watu wamba wkomba takuenda kufani ufisadi wata kuenda kumagadamu na mamba kamahaia. Allah Subhana Huwataala ali wambia mbali komba ea na jua yali amba wkomba wawawa jui. Kwanini aka muomba Hawa na Adam na kwa sababu Allah Subhana Huwataala ali taka kizazi kwenichi na kwendelea lakini kizazi hiki kinataki kana kwendelea katika anjia zili amba zukwamba. Nisa hihi na anjia zenewe nindi anjia amba zukwamba nizandoa na uislamu unatambuwa hatandoa zaki Kristo. Maadamu nindoa uislamu natambuwa hatandoa zaki Kristo nandio maana taki tokia. Kwamba wak Kristo awili amba wkomba wamewana wakisili muote hawa fungishu ndwa hengi na katika uislamu. Na fkiri yangu ni hae. Momba, kaya misho pating shorts? Momba, kaya misho pating shorts na taza mahuku womogu femungu zahidi wajieshima na pendewenziu. Pendewenziu wazifanya zina. Kabiisa. Hai, asuza mene, fikiya mene, ngependa kusema kola na ftazama nyumbaeni ni mefureya sana kwa na brada bubakar, na piya shehewe tuapa. Na piya ngependa tujifunze mawili muatatu komba. Diyo tuneshi katika ile dunia mbosa saibi ni temptation ni kwa kila mahali. Ngependa kusema kablou fani ile jambomta jitu monezi mungu. Mbeto Allah. Palu na komta jitu monezi mungu wona unengiliwa ni ile woga. Wona piga break. Wona piga break. Wona piga break. Kabiisa. Kwa yung tujaribu kaidrip na voice wa tuwa cheni na zina. Na tujaribu kuishi katika ani kuno ile marafikiya boti mesa okwa tuja kuna zili piya pressure. So ono na marafikiza kwa na fanyahivi noi punta kaku faniya. So tuji tingi na olio marafiki tuji yung gana ile marafikiya wona tulita katika jili on yung. Nihayut. Mwisho kabiisa ngependa kumkumbu shawilim taza maji amba e ame kuja kwa kuchelewa na kapa tukiyo tomalizia. Ama tukiyo katikati akumbuke piya kutufata katikam tandao wa YouTube anga liye show amba ututakwa badai tumei dondosha pali ili upate manfa amba utumei apata hapa kutokana na wageniwetu shech abu bakar ndugu yabu bakar na piya Sara. Nam. Nihayut. Jumei na yukulia datna wa takia wiki ni jewa asalamu ailekum. Asalamu ailekum. Nihayut.


Welcome to the cutting edge of virtual reality for data science. The cutting edge is a new series in which I want to cover areas that I think show great promise, but are not quite there yet. Virtual reality has existed for decades. We've had head-mounted displays with motion tracking since the 1960s. However, despite that, there are surprisingly few actual applications of virtual reality. I believe the reason is a combination of expensive hardware, requirement for dedicated rooms to have it set up, and many competing systems resulting in all of them being below critical mass. However, that's suddenly changed with the Oculus Quest 2, now known as the Meta Quest 2. It's a standalone device, which has already sold in the order of 10 million units, meaning that it's readily available and VR is now here. So is it actually useful? One of the first things people tried was to make virtual reality meetings where you have a virtual venue and you can move around and look at things. However, the one thing you cannot see in virtual reality is other people's faces because they're wearing a virtual reality headset. People have also tried making virtual reality offices, allowing you to run any kind of software in a virtual environment, including all browser-based tools. This means that you can be at a fancy space station, fire up a web browser and work with your favorite tool, the string database. However, let's address the elephant in the room. The windows are still 2D. I don't really see the point of doing this. So what do I think it might be useful for? Well, looking at data when you're a data scientist. Let's start with the obvious, 3D data. If you're working with protein structures, 3D genome organization, anatomical models, or maybe 3D imaging data, you're dealing with data that are 3D by nature. In that case, there are obvious advantages of using a virtual reality environment for looking at something that is 3D in 3D. And for this reason, many tools already exist. BioVR and proteinVR are both tools that allow you to look at smaller and larger molecules in a 3D VR world, and UnityMool is a newer tool for doing the same thing with arguably more impressive graphics. There's also BabelVR, which has been designed to look at medical imaging data inside a VR setting. But what about high-dimensional data? Most of the data we deal with in data science is, after all, not 3D. A common approach is to do dimensionality reduction and do 2D visualization of the data. And it is, of course, trivial to go from 2D to instead 3D. The advantages are much less obvious, though. If you're already reducing the data from a thousand dimensions, is it really a big advantage to have three dimensions instead of two? Well, people are exploring these approaches, looking at, for example, single-cell expression data, having developed tools like SelexoVR that allow you to look at these data having 3D UMAPs instead of 2D UMAPs, and much more. Similarly, people in the network visualization field have developed tools like VRNetser that allow you to look at very large protein interaction networks and other networks in a virtual reality setting. Both of these tools are full-featured tools that allow you to visualize your own large datasets, query the data, and inspect individual data points. How useful they will be, the future will tell. So are we there yet? I think we still have some way to go. The problem is that there are very few native applications so far. The tools I've talked about today almost all require a Windows PC with a powerful graphics card to run. And let's face it, most of us do not have that sitting on our desks at work. In the future, I believe tools will be designed to run on cheap VR hardware and be based on open-web standards, meaning that they can run on any current or future VR headset. Protein VR is a good example of that, but I believe there will be much more to come in this direction. If you want to see more about what one can do with virtual reality and visualizational data, take a look at this presentation next. Thanks for your attention.


Did you all have a paper in front of you now for some other group, who has this paper okay. So any comments on this, background world, bold okay because it is the title of the thing because it is the title of the slide it should be bold and it should be in the center okay anything else the bullets okay I am not getting it actually font size should be smaller okay anybody else has to add to what he pointed out by the way which group is this who did that okay okay any comments on what he said you did not use a center alignment for the title because that was the theme which was allowing you the left alignment okay anything else because sometimes the title may be long and it may not fit into the thing so left aligned is one way of doing it but obviously for some slides which are low on text then you feel that it is all in one quadrant of the entire slide and you do not feel that balance is achieved right so I think that is what he was trying to communicate from that there is no balance in the slide that is why it is looking tilted towards one side right but I had one more observation maybe I do not know how many people pointed it out this you talk about existing systems in the slide okay so it is given half baked condition okay fine so there is no completes completion is not happening okay but ideally what will you do then he will enlarge these short forms and tell us what it is about right okay great okay anybody had this slide from the same presentation right who had this one okay any comments bullets are same okay okay some topic are bold and main topic is not bold no so these are sub bullets so self-organized adaptive and level of supervision are the three the main heading is not bold but sub bullets are bold okay what's your take on that template was like that probably their answer is right so it brings to an important point that templates are good but it should also be suitable for the content you are trying to communicate so template should not ride your decision but you should override decisions what you want to communicate that is one secondly this is slightly off the shelf point but still I wanted to mark it here is that whenever you present some data you have to have references for that so something like this which is important now 4% is a percentage in the pie about something is the important data and that's why you will be driving your entire presentation after that now on that 4% right you are showing at no no you will be going from the but anyway these percentages took from somewhere right you didn't generate it yourself right so when you took it from somewhere you have to acknowledge immediately because for two reasons one is for copyright and second is to give authenticity to your slide that it's not something of the cuff remark you are saying that okay 52% practice and really the important so it's not your comment but it's somebody else's research comment that helps okay who had this slide who has this slide right now table minus slide who has this slide okay comments any comments looks nice okay looks nice is the comment anyway anybody can find a problem in this slide too much text is the thing how many people agree too much text some agree okay any other problem pardon me I am not getting who is it speaking can raise a hand and I can see there the font is very small okay then there are some typos like there is no space between manners and continued bracket and but the one important point is if you read all the comments written here in the slide most of them are about some action or something to be done and this is very difficult to analyze using just text so put your napkin in your lap now when you revisit restaurants you have seen so many people using that napkin in so many different ways even if it is put on their lap so how you tell them that if this is the best table manner that put your napkin in this way on your lap then the text is not enough because you cannot imagine what is that ideal way that author is trying to tell you similarly a used spoon is left in a large soup plate or on the plate under the soup bowl now left or right is not written or under the soup bowl or under the plate so how do you place it so this kind of things are very visual in nature immediately you demand a visual for that by the way who is the which is the group did that table manners okay yeah so there is a pointer for you on that in fact I saw a couple of images later on about ideal table conditions and all that and I agree to the point that you may not have images for all these situations like how to place napkin on your lap you do not have a photograph of that and what will you do it but as a assignment part right now when you are submitting you can at least submit the ideal situation the way you can reproduce it so you can give a image you can just give a black box and saying that image of napkin placement will come here it's enough for me to understand that you have understood the visual communication aspect so it's nothing about whether you can draw paint or photograph or something this one this is from the same group who has this page any comments I think some of the comments are repeated already so too much text you can ignore that text is not justified okay yeah that is that is one very interesting comment so how many people prefer justified text in a presentation versus justified text in a printed matter right so how many people for justified text in presentation small points okay so you should have crisper and smaller sentences and no you said something so if that sentence is written in a proper manner it's small enough then you don't require actually justification at all and obviously because you have left aligned as the alignment decided in this presentation then we will not go for justification also justification is done mostly because of the columns if you remember you write this technical papers and they will be always in two columns most of the time because of demarcation of this area justification has come into being so that's where it is used the best because if you have two columns then ideally you should have justified okay huh who had this slide okay comments on this is the last right and this is this is a very this is only a representative picture nothing seriously commenting about it but I have seen this kind of a picture at the end of most of the presentation so I just wanted to know your views on this okay comments first we'll get the group who has the paper in hand is a picture is it's not centered okay fine anything else slightly more from a bird's bird's point of view huh too much informal yes that is a very valid point so you are talking about table manners and then you give a picture of I don't know whether it is ideal table manners or a spoof of table manners or so why this picture is there so is there a motivation behind this picture the group who did that okay so so the point was when you when you finish a presentation on table manners and finally you show this picture what will people carry back so you would like to leave them with something which will which will emphasize the entire presentation right so this is how so according to the type of visuals what type of visual was that so if you remember last time's presentation is it decorative just used for fun purpose right okay should have shown a implicate if if the exactly so this can be a good opening picture to say the should emphasize the problem itself that why you need table manners otherwise you will have these situations very often huh myths who has this picture right now who has this paper okay you have no but took it so if you can comment on it what so this is about popular myths or something like that right the title which is the group myths group okay so yeah you comment on that you didn't understand the what did you and the image you can see right it's a cat and what is the title of that right you didn't and you are confused okay even I was confused by the way so anyway tell me so I had three pictures in a row right cat crossing the road I understood that then having a black cat as a pet was some second picture and third picture was confused black cat so I didn't understand what was that is it a myth I am not aware of this myth at least okay tell me more about it yeah it's from the cat's point of view that you are trying to explain the myth is it okay how many people buy this argument yeah okay you buy this argument because okay but if I get it right so you are presenting popular myths right and then you give an example of how cat is a symbol or maybe a element of popular myths and you show some examples of cat crossing but then you show confused black cat so so don't you think the audience will get confused rather than the cat getting confused anyway so that was one but there is another one okay medical myths who has this paper right now somebody had okay comments too much text too many bullets okay okay the the size of the tech font there is no difference between the title and the bullet so almost all same okay anything else first first alphabet is not capitalized right okay English problem anything else anybody else wants to add to what is the problem in this slide then I'll give it sentences should be a bit smaller okay right and okay the group can you can you answer some counter points for this I am I am giving observation from a different perspective we all these things are already included in that but one more thing is that when you are presenting about myths as the title of the thing so you are actually addressing very very popular myths and everybody agrees when they see that oh is it a myth I am not sure whether they're actually eating carrots will improve I said so it's a popular myth coming along for lot many years so when I hear this kind of myths sentences and I'm told that this is a myth the next thing I want to know that what is reality then right so if if this is presented as myth versus reality then it will have more impact on the audience that you you really blast their myths that okay one you put this sentence that wait 30 minutes after eating before you swim is a myth then what's the reality so that will balance the whole thing rather than talking about myths alone that was one of the point do you agree with this okay who has this slide right now anybody okay any comment this is about brain drain I suppose which is the group which did that yeah okay so let's hear from them first of all what are their problems okay go on pardon me text is okay yeah that English problem is there they too many big paragraph in between that is now let's let's try to go over these two comments all the time so every slide I'm getting these two comments definitely anything else three different paragraphs but they wanted three different bullets right these are three different bullets serious issue is no return on subsidized education I think they wanted to complete that but there are no time for that but then there is some other point and there is last it's something negligible return on investment okay the gap between the title edge and the title plus the bullets is uneven which is causing a problem okay okay what is nearer to each other so that's actually called a principle of proximity so things which are nearer to each other will be considered as a group so whenever you put things nearer to each other that I always will be having a problem and this comes especially when you put in pictures or something so you put a title to that and press enter and there is a same difference distance between picture and the title in a row so you don't know whether this title applies to this picture or the picture below so that's a proximity issue always but I had one more thing is so it's something negligible return for investment made by the country so such kind of statements you need to substantiate it with some figures or some references so that will make more impact so the people will buy this argument yes it is correct but is it your comment or your observation or it's validated by something else yeah because I would like it to get home but when when people who are in the position of authority look at these kind of things why take liberties with my time why waste my time so to get to cross your teeth and got your eyes and put everything in a nice way put some audience that look he respects what she respects us respects us enough to take cognizance of it yeah and the same note actually this one this one gets on the same thing is it who did that who has the paper right now how you have the paper what's comment yes okay yeah yeah so they had a slide of pro before this slide so okay because of okay okay so the pence is has to be that this happens after you use it right that type of pen okay any did anybody spot major contradictory feature in the slide itself okay that is about about the bag yeah any what is the problem about background and color very dark that's okay okay so just to give you a tip the rule says that when you have a dim lit hall then typically you can use dark background with white text and when you have a brightly lit hall then you use white background and black text that's just a tip because the thing came out want a bit small probably I'm not zooming in in this should be like this so probably should be okay but can you spot a contradiction so let's not waste any more time on the contradiction is that the con says that forget formal language and grammar and they type with the T small and the continued use in some very different way so the contradiction itself in the presentation so what sir was just now pointing out so when I see this kind of thing and you will be very very aggressively putting this point forward then people will see that not happening in your own slides that's something you have to be sure about by the which group was this have you taken note of that I will skip couple of yeah this one I just just read the the second sentence okay just read the second sentence oh sorry here you just read the second sentence can you read it in one go it's tough right it's really tough and paraphrase it paraphrasing will be helping and okay if you want to use definition of hate or for some reason which is already published then the easier part is that put it into quotes and give a reference that's perfectly alright but you cannot put it as a bullet point written by me that's not possible so that was the comment okay no copy paste from your own file is not considered as a plagiarism but no the gap I'm just talking about the the length of the sentence was so much and we could see that it was it was not written in that fashion so it was supposed to be of different point to be made so if it was presented as a quote by somebody could have been easier right okay this one one I'll just take this who did this by the way which group did this campus okay use crazy right okay great but what is the problem with this design who has the paper right now you have been right okay what's the problem with this design alignment of bullets so so this one but this is a sub bullet right okay that's why it is indented what's the problem it's a same level bullet point it's a same bullet I didn't get what you said so okay I have observation before you have any comments on this pardon me face of the space is not exactly that was the point that while you choosing a template because it's already a square rectangle thing what you get in a presentation you are limiting with a circle now anything goes beyond this area will be very difficult to read because it will have this circle line in between coming and then you are forced to put it inside which will reduce the font size further so there's no point in putting it unless and until you are like talking about something circle of life or something like that apart from that you don't have to use right so just indentation is not because so that was that was their observation probably which they could not communicate it in the way they wanted to say but they were trying to say that the bullets are going in a curvature mode just because they have to follow the circle yeah this one this one I had addressed last time but I did not see anybody following this what was the problem here yeah too much alpha too much numbers yeah it could have been represented in a histogram or pie chart also anything else on this what is not there source is not submitted maybe yeah not anything else source is mentioned yes so that's why I ignored that point and but what I what should the viewers look at out of all these so many numbers if there is something you can just highlight one so suppose it is about India you are talking about then just highlight that particular strip and I will ignore the rest or if I want I can compare it but giving me all these figures I don't know how many 15 multiplied by 4 so all 60 figures I am not able to look at it at a one go and then understand what you are trying to see yeah this is also very interesting thing we'll take this last and then we'll move ahead because we have to go with the impressed part today anybody has this paper now font size okay let's ignore font size and number of words these two are gone now move ahead it's imbalanced one line is like cow dung and river is compared together so it should it should be presented in that way okay but do you find repetitiveness here there yeah one place it is capital one place it is small but if they had to say that cow dung and river are two major resources where cow dung gives you manures and bio gas and river gives you irrigation and power if that is the sentence you want to say why do you have to write this so many times you can just have a slide with two two blocks of text one about cow dung and explain cow dung one about river and this sentence actually has to be said by person you need not write there that cow dung and river are two major resources so this is something the script was supposed to be why I took this time to show these images is because I was very much seriously rethinking about the past lectures what happened well I could not see reflection of those in these slides at least I am not sure about other slide because I saw some of them somewhere so why I wanted to show you that is people have taken efforts in the thought process definitely in some way but as you see there were some lapses on the thought process also where people have not given enough thought in terms of explaining that but there were also issues regarding the visual communication part the grammar part the text part and I was expecting after so much of assignments from Prakash Vaidya and others to get the English thing right it's becoming still it is recurring into the assignments what we see so that was the reason I just thought of stopping over for some time and at least showing a mirror to you all to see where you are right now going ahead with so that was the reason so I hope you get the point and let's just okay so this is what we did now find and fix the problems we did this and so I hope all the groups have taken notes of the comments discussed here and you know what changes are expected from that but going ahead with the impress part so we had seen the execute part and we had seen the plan part we were we are now at the point where you want to discuss the impress part that after you are done with that so I saw some presentations in bare black and white right now which is fine and some presentations have went ahead and selected a theme or a template and try to give the text in that but within that I just thought of touch basing two issues today one is about color schemes and one is about typography because I feel these are one of the glaring problems so tell me in color in terms of color which color suits this world and why gray okay somebody said gray why for the background it's a good match okay why not black so maybe the reason I can add to it is like military has to camouflage with that or something no okay any other color green why green that's the color of army okay okay which which color suits this word then the colors are same I'm changing the word blue blue for soft okay hold on to that any reason for that blue is a cool color probably anybody has a reason for soft being blue any light color would be better than this okay hold on to that colors are same the word is again changed now blue for space black okay because it signifies darkness space okay which color gray because it's neutral okay the point of all this thing is because and you you said this keyword somewhere that it has to do with the expression of that it has to do with the mood of the thing and color always carries a mood and color always carries the expression color has some convention so somebody said space means dark and space means dark blue or red means danger or so these are conventions associated with colors so especially while using colors in your presentation be sure about all these meanings what are associated with the color and most of the time if it is chosen in a wrong way then it signifies something else and I have seen most of the time red as a highlight color being used like emphasize the point and use a red with that but if the word is not meant to be that then that red will have a jarring effect on your eyes for the you for the people who are attending your presentation so color with that meaning will be an important thing which will go hand in hand and that's why you have to use color very very with a very precise choice of things so it cannot be just off the cuff because what your palette was available I just clicked on one color and that's it I wanted some color to happen there so that should not be the case and that's why I am not going into details of what color signifies what mood and all that because that's not the focus of this class but I just give you a rough outline of how does this theory come about so there are there are things which are a very commonly used schemes which are like two or more colors when they come together they form a scheme and the very very common basic rudimentary level schemes are called monochromatic or contrasting or complementary and something called triads the triads is actually any three colors but there are also type of formulae for making a triad but let's not go into detail of that I am just showing an example where monochromatic will have shades of the same color used all over similarly contrast will have a contrasting color with that now this contrast theory is slightly complicated so the easier way I can just tell you is you have this RG and B so actually it's in color theory it is not RGB in our digital world it's all RGB but actually it is yellow red and blue and when this is one triangle the combination of this becomes another triangle which becomes orange and green and violet so contrast colors is any pair which is across each other so that becomes a contrasting pair and it's proven that anything used with these contrasting colors is always good provides the enough contrast so I have shown here blue and orange based on the same theory but when you talk about triads typically people have a combination of any two colors on this side versus one color on the other side that's also perfectly fine color scheme as such and you like I showed in the earlier slides there should be meaning and the conventions have to be followed with all these filters in place it's pretty difficult most of the time that what color should you choose for a particular thing and I the reason I use the way I use it is I go by the meaning of the whole thing and then just settle down for the color scheme so the very very top level guidelines are that better the contrast better the readability so typically if you are using a white background you have to avoid these two shades right away yellow and orange are not meant for white background anything else will do in a much better way and so on and so forth you can go in other way similarly this vivid vivid colors is a very standard problem of most of the presentation they use like 100% red or 100% pink or 100% fluorescent green type of color which is very jarring twice I am unable to create that color maybe in vivid here but I can see it on the monitor here so these kind of problems will always have a rather different impact which you are not wanting to have so the scheme has to suit your topic is the most important one line guideline I can tell you but it's easier than it said than doing it actually because you need to go through all these things when you are deciding on colors any comments on colors part people have any questions on that or should I move to typography in typography we have a huge range of fonts nowadays but the typical classification of fonts is done in three different families font families and I have shown a example of 1 2 3 with that and the difference is about about the part where you have this serif which is which is this part actually when this is or rather this part which is which is blocked right now so there is no serif here and versus what you see here is a in times room on what you will see here is this part so that's called serif and it said that for presentations typically use sans serif font and for printed material use a serif font this is because of the fact and completely avoid scripts font for any technical work that is only left for greeting cards and some very very personalized notes you have to send across that's only limited for that probably don't try to use any of the script fonts for any of the technical presentations literature documents you are writing unless until it is utterly necessary in very very rare cases so you use any one of these things plus you have different emphasizing aspects within that so you have you have okay so let's do one more thing now I have fonts for the same words and which one which one suits this word military first how many for first and how many for second how many for third none and fourth yeah quite a bit okay so there is a tie between second and fourth which is understandably correct so the fourth one looks actually kind of slightly stretched and more tough looking than the second one but second one is also enough disciplined so to say to represent military right for this third okay any other views first which one first okay why first it has curves actually but it does not have sharp edges actually what what you wanted to say was it doesn't have sharp edges you said it doesn't have much of curves that's how okay okay by the way which of these fonts will suit the earlier word military which have last one right because of that stencil wall a impact which you want that rugged look for the military right which one for this first second third fourth second okay our most favorite times Roman any other last okay it's is the same for neutral third is most neutral right and you can't see any neutralize thing in in the fourth one or even in the second one yeah first one of the military what is the problem okay can anybody answer his problem why the first font face for word military is not good okay so serif font typically will convey some emotion also along with it that is one argument given anybody anybody buys that argument so military with with this curves becomes emotional military anybody anybody buys that argument or anybody has a anti-argument yeah so I will I associate military with robustness and strength so anything which is having the thin will have a problem and especially if you look at the composition of a inner serif one it will have this very very thin part here I'm not sure whether this will hold if I put some weight on to this so it immediately crumbles because I can see that it's having a very thin here so this all is associated with meaning and the way you you comprehend the images yeah yes you cannot have every every word having different font right so that time you have to go back into birds point of view and see whether that passage means something and that something has to be associated with the relevant font on top of that let me tell you okay good point that he has raised it can't be having too many fonts in that same presentation because that one for paragraph was related to military I have added maybe this what you call the stencil font in that and somewhere it was casual I have used a script there so it can't be like that for a presentation definitely you need to have a uniformity in terms of fonts but when you are putting lines like especially one line or one word or something that time you can use font so I'm coming to the font guidelines where a typographic idea yeah no no no there was no there was no thing to do with colors actually it was my mistake I could have done with same color and different things but like most of you I also copy pasted and from earlier slide and I wanted to actually the next question I wanted to ask was there is a so is there association between the font and the color so for example the point I wanted to ask was that you you all were okay with the green color for the military if I write in the green color this military in this font will you buy it because the color is correct no so the point which was to be discussed further was that just color is not good enough to convey the message it should be accompanied by appropriate font also and vice versa so just appropriate font with the wrong color will also have a problem for example if you say the soft is the pink color can be associated with soft but the moment I put it into a stencil font it is not soft anymore it's hard right so that is the point I wanted to make out that's why I retained the color code with that and by the way there is a combination of both the things in appropriate manner is the only way out there is no there is no and or here so there is this is there is no or here then and this and that okay so one last thing is about emphasis and everybody knows the options so if you have to emphasize the word emphasis in this sentence how will you do it is this how many people for this how many for this how many for this how many for this one two three four one one okay two lot of two three not many for three four yeah so so why color and not bold it's easy to see that emphasize right and anybody why why underline a lot of people said underline nobody said underline by the way why italics lot of people's preferred italics okay so depending on the context I'll use any one of these right the problem happens when people it use it like this they bolded they it allocate and they change the color and they also underline it and that's where the problem like so you have four different tools to combat the problem and you use all four of them on the same problem is not a good idea so that's why I wanted to ask this specific question that if it can be suffice only with italics why use bold and why use why complicate life of the reader so that's that's the point I wanted to just bring out of this so this is this is actually going directly with some of the observations from the slides you guys have put in so just go back and relook at the slides and that will be probably continuing we will be taking up in the next class also some more discussion on top of that I so how many people want to re revisit their own presentations or you would like to change somebody else's presentation the how should that you know maybe they should do their own this is stick to their own okay but we had a open discussion today and you have taken notes about that so probably that will be useful for you I have a yeah okay so just to sum up the typography part typically stick to lesser fonts in a complete presentation so you can have a one one heading font and one body font which is good enough if you can use this the options available in the same font it's well and good it will be complete one font but like some slides had the same aerial 14 point and aerial 14 point for both is not a good idea so you should have that distinction definitely by virtue of either changing the font color or using a option like bold or italic or something like that then you can use point options to emphasize but use it sparingly and alignment feature left is preferred in presentations although there are some presentations which like some slides within the presentation which can go ahead with even central layout for especially for this opening slide most of the time people use it and use grade is one tip I am trying to emphasize in this class because I have seen not many people using the grid feature available in any of the presentation tools beam maybe it is PowerPoint or open office or acrobat or whatever you use if you use grid these kind of issues won't happen about where are you placing your points so whether it is aligned with the top it's not aligned with the top is it at first indent or the second indent especially the yeah that's the grid and so he was just trying to explain it to somebody how the grid looks like and it also solves the problem like the balance thing which we saw in couple of slides that everything is in one quadrant of the entire thing because the grid also has the first four major quadrant markings so once you switch on the grid you will get this thing first and then you will get these dotted lines but you can immediately see whether your entire presentation lies only in this area and this entire area is is open to problems so this kind of things will be easily seen and felt if you switch on the grid so that is the reason I thought I give this step and not many people use grid as a tool while making the presentation so that's a useful thing you can try out I wanted to do that but will stick to so not not by other group we suggest that you you revisit your own presentation now and see what all things are going wrong there in terms of all the three aspects the grammar part the sentence formation part and then the visual design part so these three things I am just keeping the impressed part like the animation and all part for the next class so that we can we can see presentations in some format which can be useful in that place right so yeah you had so the announcement was that in the next class next class we will be discussing the impress and then later on we will do the recording part okay thanks


The proposed distributed energy management provides microgrids, utility-directly interface DIRS and responsive demands the opportunity of contributing to better network operational objectives while preserving their privacy and autonomy. This distributed energy management considers various ownership and privacy requirements of microgrids, utility-directly interface distributed energy resources, DIRS, and demand response and optimizes network operational objectives with constraints satisfied through iteratively updated price signals. The proposed distributed energy management is tested on a practical two microgrid system located in Ajuntas, Puerto Rico, and the applicability of the proposed strategy is validated through hardware in the loop, HL, testing. This article was authored by Guodong Liu, Maximiliano F. Ferrari, Thomas Bialas, and others.


Can you believe it's almost over? I've met so many amazing folks so far, and the other speakers have been so good. I had to spend some time practicing in my hotel room yesterday, which I never do. So I had to miss some good talks. I'm really excited to be here today talking about empathy. It's one of my favorite performance topics. And yes, you heard me right. I did say performance. It's this idea, I think we all know, I know everyone here knows that empathy makes you a great person. It's good for the world. It makes you a better marketer, but it also drives top performers.  Ironically enough, I first got turned on to the power of empathy and a drive performance when I did marketing in the TV business after college. And I noticed some other speakers started with a funny story, so I'm going to have a little side note here. I continued doing TV in the marketing after college while I was in law school, did it on the side. And I was working on a black HBO show. I can't even tell you this promotional video I was working on. You can Google it right now if you want. Call me Fitz. Profanity is art. Here I am in the oldest law school in the Commonwealth in contracts class, which is the stodgiest, most conservative of all law classes, still based on like 1800s case law. It's kind of crazy. And this video goes off in the middle of class. It was like Google this video. This is a somewhat swearing friendly conference. The whole goal of the show was to be as creative as swearing and insults as you could be. So I couldn't, that professor, hated me the rest of my law career. So the lesson learned. Even right now, always make sure your volume on your computer is muted. Always. So let's get into a few examples about what I mean about empathy driving performance. Leo, is there any other Leo? Does he need a last name? Slept outside in minus 40 degrees in an animal caucus for his filming of the Reverend in northern Alberta. I'm Canadian, and I don't even go up there, let alone sleep outside.  Natalie Portman trained as a ballerina for an entire year before filming the Black Swan. And Daniel Day Lewis lived wheelchair bound, both before and during shooting of my left foot. What do all these performances have in common? Other than, yes, of course, they were great movies. You might guess. Leo, and Natalie, and Jamie, and Daniel. Yes, I know them by first name. I can call them by first name. All won the top performance accolade of their career for these performances, a best acting Oscar. And that's the power of empathy to drive top performance. So sometimes empathy is confused with sympathy. So just to set the matter straight, empathy is about walking miles in your customers and your clients, your audiences, and your users' shoes. Literally walking miles. That's what these actors did to be top performers. So you might be thinking, well, Ashley, this idea of empathy and top performance sounds fantastic. But you know, I've gotten away. I'm an introvert. I don't like the sounds of this. Somehow I just know you're going to tell me I have to talk to customers. And I just don't like the idea of that. I've gotten along just fine without it. See, this is me practicing empathy. And I say that's cool. I completely understand where you're coming from. But I think we all know things have changed. Marketing and growth is getting harder. And there's a fundamental shift that's happened. And to put it in perspective, whether or not we acknowledge this change, it's happened for many markets. So to put it in perspective, I'm just going to break down the last 70 years or so of sales and marketing performance into four eras. So back in the 1950s, marketing and sales performance was really sales driven. Sales drove performance. Think of the classic door-to-door salesman. Then we had the Andreper era of advertising. Advertising drove performance. And I think we all think those are obvious. And that's true. But here's the not-so-obvious. We also don't live in the product-driven era anymore either. Where product and metrics-driven marketing alone was enough to be a top performer. Today, we live in a customer-driven world thanks to advances in technology and historically low barriers to entry for most markets. Customers today have all the power in most markets. It's no longer buyer beware. It's seller beware. And in this world, you need to be using empathy and customer insight to be a top performer. So as you can probably guess, we're all about performance. We're not actors, although we're trying to perfect our craft. But what you guys want to drive are the big 3Cs, clicks, conversions, and currency. And I'm going to show you here today how you're going to do that with empathy-driven marketing. So here's some data. I know we love data. I love data. And this is also great for getting buy-in. So this was a study done in 2017 by Price Intelligently, a great company. And what they found out was that in just 10 hours a month of customer conversations in a research capacity, just 10 hours a month drove 30% more annual revenue growth compared to the companies that did not. 30%. That's massive. That's a metric that makes bosses and clients and investors very, very happy. And this stat, if anyone wants to get buy-in, whether it be clients or bosses, to do some of the things we're going to talk about, I'm going to impress the sense of urgency on you. Otherwise, I know some of this empathy stuff can kind of be put away as a nice to do later, and that's a big mistake. So we're going to get into some tactical stuff, too. Don't worry. But this study, look at it. So let's look at an example of empathy and action. So hypothetically, let's pretend you're running marketing or doing SEO for a software company that helps people with anxiety and depression. So what might you do? Well, you might search keywords and build an SEO strategy and a content strategy, and all your marketing around people who suffer from anxiety. Does that seem reasonable? I think that's what most people would do. It seems fair. But what you're going to let analytics will never tell you is that your customers, even though they came up as direct or social, they almost all came for another reason.  I think we know that. We've felt this before, and you just don't know why, so you just keep trying to fix it. And nothing's ever getting to quite where you needed to go. Let's compare this in contrast with an empathy-driven approach. So back to those 10 hours of customer conversations and some other strategies that we'll get into, you might have discovered that almost every single one of your paying customers came because a loved one found you and begged them to try it. In fact, you might find out that most of your people don't suffer or didn't even know they suffered from anxiety at all. And I chose this example specifically because statistically speaking, everyone in this room is more than likely not to suffer from some form of anxiety. It goes along with top performance. So what would have happened under an empathy-driven approach? Well, you would have discovered that your target market is actually loved ones, not sufferers. And what do you think that's going to do to your cost for conversion? It's going to go down. You're going to find out your best long-term content strategy. Stephanie talked about picking better performing content and how to do it. You're going to discover that educating people, that they have anxiety in the first place and that's really what's going on, that's your best long-term content strategy. What do you think is going to happen to your cost per conversion? It's going to go down. Things are just going to feel easier. We all want to feel easier. And lastly, you're going to be playing in a less competitive ballgame because your competitors couldn't be bothered to do a little bit of the hard work. And we all know what that means for SEO and everything else these days. Whether we've forgotten it or not, I'm not sure. But business and marketing has always been and will always be human to human. And because of we live in a customer-driven economy and most markets, software, e-commerce, consumer packaged goods, it really is a must-have today. So for three reasons. One, buyers have all the power today. Access information has given buyers unprecedented power. Yet according to a study done by Edelman a few years ago, only 51% of your buyers, customers, clients feel you do a good job asking about their needs. 51%. And only 10% think you do a good job at all. And this isn't on the slide, but there was an adjacent study and it found only that 6% of executives, so people like you in this room think they do a good job at that. Those are some pretty scary numbers. So let's look at another data-driven example. I know we love data. So I work in product a lot. So this is a product example, but it applies equally well to marketing. So this is the result of a customer survey that was done of you folks, internal employees, execs, managers, about what they thought they were building for the customer. See how it's up and to the right? You can probably guess where I'm going with this. This is what their customer said. They actually want and need. See how it's down and to the left? Completely, completely different.  And that's why companies that have embraced and acknowledged the shift to the customer-driven economy are the company's winning. Companies like the 3As. Yes, I love alliterations. Airbnb, Apple, and Amazon. OK, point number two. Performance ROI on tools and tactics is declining. We may not have said this, but I think you feel this. Channel and tactical effectiveness is decaying increasingly rapidly. This is a little out of date. It was done a few years ago, but it's still just as true. Our tools, not to pick on Mar-Tech, but we are at a marketing conference, are changing increasingly fast. But us, humans, homosapiens, we don't change over weeks and months and years. Do we change over millennia? So what do you think you're going to get a better performance investment from? Learning how to build empathy-driven, human-driven strategies? Probably. In fact, I can tell you absolutely. We're in Seattle. A Bezos reference seems appropriate. He's famous for saying, focus on things that don't change. The most important question he never gets asked is, what's not going to change in the next 10 years? Your market might change, but humans aren't going to change. And learning how to market to humans, that's a performance investment that's going to last. As the talk is called, tools change fast. People don't. And Google agrees. So maybe you guys are all user-intended out. I've heard it so many times. It's so important. I counted five speakers on Monday who talked about the importance of user intent. It is critical.  Point number three. And this is one thing to take away from today, take away this. Empathy is going to help you stay relevant. And this is a bold claim, I know. But our world is getting more automated, whether we like it or not. And it's happening at a dizzying rate. But the last thing to ever be automated will be empathy and creativity, if ever. Most of the stuff that we do in our day-to-day lives will be automated and taken over. It's just a question of when, not if. It's why, and for a lot of other reasons, empathy will be one of the career skills, defining career skills, for the 21st century. So protect your career, stay relevant, learn how to do this now, and you're gonna be ahead of the curve. Okay, so I promised to get into some tactical stuff. So I've got you hopefully all stoked on empathy so it doesn't get pushed to the back burner as some nice to have. So now I'm gonna teach you how to actually do some of this stuff. And I promise, even for the shyest introverts in here, I have a few things you're gonna like. Okay, the easiest way to think about empathy is as a muscle. You have to build it. You have to maintain it. And then of course you can flex it, which is performance, and it can always get bigger. So we're gonna go through four muscle building tips. The first one, shocker. Talk to your customers in a research capacity monthly. Remember the 10 hours a month or more and 30% more annual revenue growth? We're getting at this now. It's the closest thing you're ever gonna get to being a mind reader. And with empathy, you're really trying to understand pains and dreams and fears.   However, this is an objection I often get when I talk about this. Well, Ashley, I'm the customer. I get this, I can empathize, it's me. But I have to say, remember, you aren't, you may be the customer, but you're not the customer. One, there's how many of them and how many of you? One, and two, your level of knowledge is so far greater than the average customer that you're never gonna be an accurate parameter. It's great if you are the customer, you can empathize easier, but does not get you a jury selection. Okay, concrete questions, I'm gonna give you five. The first one's my favorite for building empathy.  That's it.  Get them to ask about their weekday and weekend. And as bonus bait to get you to do this, I promise you, you will uncover hidden growth opportunities, keywords to target, different audiences, partnership opportunities, ad targeting options, I promise. Two, get them to walk you through how they use you today, understand that experience.  Dig into the challenges and problems that you saw. This is so critical. Four, find out how they made the decision to use you. Again, whether this is your content or your product. Just find out those motivations. It's so powerful. And lastly, if you're a marketer, you gotta try to get people to the promised land. What it is they're trying to achieve when their problem is solved. So you need to understand what that is. And I don't have time to go into this, but if you take those five questions I gave you and couple it with a Toyota 5WISE framework, just Google it, you'll have these slides. You will be good, because the goal is you need to follow up with each one of these questions about three to five times. Okay, so here are the questions on the slide. If anyone wants to take a picture, I know they can be a good Twitter content. And in the meantime, I'm gonna tell you an answer to a question I often get. And this question is, well, actually this sounds great, but who do I talk to? I have so many clients and customers and audience members. And it's a loaded question, but when in doubt, always reverse engineer your best customers, clients, users, audience members. You can almost never go wrong doing that. Empathy building tip number two, culture. Oh boy, some of the fluffy alarm bells are going off in a few of your heads, I know it. But stay with me. You might also be thinking you're an individual, what can I do? Well, the answer is you can do plenty. Make it your goal to improve your culture next week. Doesn't matter who you are.  Get a customer or client in for a lunch and learn. Get some of the insight you're gleaming for all your user intent work in Slack. It really is that simple. In second, we're all measured on numbers.  So one of your numbers should be a customer driven metric. NPS is a great place to start and when most people are familiar with. If you're not familiar with NPS, it asks a question like this. If it does a score, it's a predictor of customer value and predictor of future growth. And then it asks a follow-up question, why? If you need buy-in to take NPS more seriously or implement it, tell them that some of the smartest investors in the world in Silicon Valley will not invest in companies that have NPS scores of less than 50. That's how powerful it is today. And a note of caution, you can skew your NPS data very easily if you ask it at the wrong milestones or the wrong cadence. Don't have time to go into that, but just be careful. You can talk about it with me after. And here's the hack that I know all the introverts in the room are gonna love. Any of the NPS software, Delighted, Medalia, there's a million options. Almost all of them have a good NPS integration with Slack. So automatically have the open-ended question posted to Slack. It's a fantastic empathy treat because it creates constant customer client exposure. And do not create an NPS-specific channel. It will never get checked. I promise you, I've tried it, it does not work and I've seen it fail a thousand times. It has to go to one-year key channels. Empathy building tip number three. Automatic empathy loops. Who doesn't like the sound of an automatic empathy loop? It usually gets people pretty excited. So again, big topic, but one quick pro tip. All you have to do is create a VIP or insider program. Can be as simple as a Facebook group. That's it. It's gonna drive more loyalty, more word of mouth, but more importantly, give you a ready and willing group of people to talk to. And as a bonus, Adobe Spark did this. Of course, it drove empathy with their team and helped them build better products and do better marketing. But their insider group also drove 27% more engagement within the product. Tip number four. Walk in your customer's shoes. So you need to be auditing your own flows. We have flows for days. Organic flows, content flows, PPC flows, signup flows. Put it in your calendar once a month, audit your own flows. You've built your empathy muscles a bit. Put in your calendar, go through the perspective of your user. I had a lot of examples of this done, this not done, which I had to cut for the tight timeline and I know I'm at warp speed, but an hour every month. And then once you've done that, I'm gonna give you your new marketing crack. I'm not sure how many of you are doing user testing right now. There's a faulty misconception that it's just for product. In fact, it's just as good for marketers, if not better. And it's your new secret weapon. Because after you've done your own flows yourself, you're gonna get three to five user testing videos. You're gonna have data in 24 hours or less. It's gonna cost you a couple hundred dollars. Usability Hub, usertesting.com are great options. And of course, this can be adapted for any flow you want. You can also user test your competitor's websites. Their signup flows.  And basically anything you want, you can have people do multiple websites, so you can get them to start on Google. And this is the power of user testing.  They're gonna give you written or verbal responses. So I'm just gonna quickly go through this flow. It's a very basic one, but you can adapt it to a lot of things. Give them context.  In this case, use Google.  Then get them to go through the final CTA. And get them to tell you why they wouldn't do the final CTA. That's it. It's an immensely powerful tool. I just did a tutorial with copy hackers on user testing. You can Google that. That might be helpful. And here's our muscle building strategies. Even if you just do one of them, I promise you you'll see the difference in your performance. And when it comes to flexing the muscles after you've spent some time doing this, which again, I know some of you in this room just don't wanna do, you get to see the power in your performance. Bringing it back to our earlier empathy example, you're gonna be targeting the right market. So you're gonna have better copy, better converting websites and landing pages. You're gonna know what keywords to target.  Of course, you're gonna understand user intent. You're gonna have some marketing nirvana-ness without necessarily knowing why. It's not all easy. It's never easy. It was easy, everyone be a top performer, but this is really gonna help you boost your performance. And lastly, it's also an arbitrage opportunity because a lot of people haven't embraced this change yet. Daniel Day Lewis, who's one of the most actors known for empathy in Hollywood, has won, and are tied, for the most number of best acting Oscars in history. Because their competitors and his competitors can't be bothered to do the hard work. He'll be forced to, but for right now, it's arbitrage. It's also the ultimate performance enhancer. Jamie Foxx's role in Ray made him a huge star. And Leo, it took five nominations for him to finally get the top performance award for the reverend. That's because empathy can drive top performance. In his case, it's best actor, Oscar. In our case, it's clicks, conversions, and currency. And of course, I had to end with another Hollywood reference. It's better for you. It's better for your companies. It's better for the world. Thank you.


which affects the temperature a lot, as you can see. So these two cases should be analyzed separately. And depending on the type of the concrete on the pavement, you should do separate type of analysis. And all of them are unique. Time limit is in hours. Hours. Yes. And this picture you can see because of the hidalization, which I've seen. Because of the hidalization, there is a heat release, and it affects temperature. That is, due to time, it is coming. And this is another part of analysis which is, this is the head generation. This is, if you know it, about thermodynamics, about the conductivity and the specificity of the material is changing. In terms of this, the concrete is quite interesting material, which is in early age, all the parameters, mechanical and thermal parameters, are changing. And here, you can see the planning of different. This is for indoor pavement. You can see the temperature variation from day one to day 28. If you look for the, this is the thickness. You look from surface to depth. You can see that in the first date, there is a more linear, the temperature change. And here, at the end, at the 28 days, you can see that the temperature is in equivalence. So this is the bottom temperature of the ground, and this might be the temperature of the room, for example. Then we use these results to do the humidity analysis. And here, you can see there is a relative humidity change between the first 28 days. In the surface, it is closing the room. 12% of the water or the humidity and the bottom, it is just different, just 2%, 3%. And this is the diffusivity coefficient, which is describing the velocity of the water movement in the concrete. As you can see, this parameter, depending on the humidity, depending on time, this parameter is also changing. So it was quite obvious to incorporate all this change in just one model. And here, you can see an example of the humidity. And you can see that even after 28 days, the bottom of the concrete slab is almost, there is no change in humidity. So the humidity change is very, very slow process. Any question? Actually, you showed the graphs of the hydration that it starts from zero and then it goes up again. So this hydration, you start counting for the product. Actually, it's going to be some mixture already. Yes. The concrete is mixture of water and the cement. Well, cement and aggregate. And aggregate, right? So it already has the volume of the water. Yes. Then we pour additional water on it and that is how you are talking about the humidity. No, when you do the mix, you consider that the humidity in this moment is 100%. In all the thickness of the concrete. Yes, because you just put the mixed concrete in place and it is starting to differ. The hydration starts from the top? No, hydration starts everywhere. But the losing of the water is from the top. That's just the fractions, the graph that you showed me. Yeah, you have to go on this side.  One more time, yeah, again? Back. Yeah, again, back, back. Yeah, here, this one, yeah. This one, this is just a fraction of the water and other components inside. This is not fraction. This is just to account how the process is made. The fraction might be very different. This is just how the humidity is made. It becomes to the humidity. And what are the types, as you can see, that it brings up having two types of water in concrete. There is a chemical bound and free water, which is content in the pore structures that you can hear or get for. And there is a chemical bound which is here already in the humidity products, which is not able to diffuse. So what we're talking about of diffusion is about these two types of water. So these are not the typical systems? No, no, no. This is just to show the question. But here, you can see that in the surface, again, after 20 days, there is almost 15% of difference. But in the bottom, it's just 2%. So you may wait years, or maybe one question. One other question about this moisture content. Yes, I think what is the thickness of the slope, test the slope? It's 25 centimeters more. 25 centimeters. Which method did you check the humidity? And what was the temperature and humidity of the environment? Internal, internal. OK, yes. Here, you have a question to mention this factor. The environment, it was exposed to 20 degrees by Celsius as an indoor climate without chance any environmental temperature, but the humidity was 70%. So it's a laboratory? Yes, this is just for humidity. We keep the weather stand constant as a 70%. This is actually a result from analysis from software, not from laboratory. Well, we are all OK. But also, by using this, we evaluate it, our model, with a lot of examples from laboratory or from other research papers. So this is to demonstrate how the model works. And if, in this case, do you mention that you have any cooling agent, or have you closed your surface software, or not? Here, in this case, because I've done a lot of different analysis, it was considered three days of perfect cooling. So the diffusion is starting after three days. So what do you mean, the perfect cooling? The thermal moisture transfer with the ambient. Sorry? There is no moisture transfer with the ambient. OK, but if it is a perfect cooling gas, why do we have moisture difference? No, I'm telling you three days of perfect cooling. After three days? Oh, OK. There is a, OK. OK. What's it?  So then, after doing the thermal humidity analysis, both of them normalize with the equations and everything to the results. And then we go forward to the mechanical analysis. And here, this is also an example of the joint. Here, we consider fully elastic material. So there is no cracking to see how the behavior of the material would be. And here, you can see some examples of the stresses. This is mentioned, the principal stresses that are the highest stresses appearing in this part. You can still mention these, like the node numbers. Well, here, I'm not sure if you can see her perfectly, but this is nonlinear water. And here, you could see some cracking. And this is the joint that it is perfectly cracked. But you can see very well. There should be like red and blue dots. So now we come to our point when is the optimal time of doing the cell codes. So to remind you what is the output, is the putting in the longitudinal or transversal direction to avoid undeniable cracks. So when you cut, do the cut in here. That's it. You force the concrete to crack in the place where you made the cut. So maybe you will cut one point of the depth and you will leave it in the crack. So there is a window when you should do this cell putting. If you do it very early, they might be relevant. Or you can damage the structure. Or if you do the lathe, the cracking might appear. And you might not be able to control it. So by the time, in some intervals, when the concrete is changing, there is in some intervals, you should do this cell putting. It normally might be from several hours to maybe a couple of days, depending. If I'm not mistaken, here some engineers also do it just by looking and by feeling if it is a time to cut, they don't do it in a couple of hours. Several hours. Several hours, in a couple of days. But if there are cases, you can wait a couple of days. Depending on the show cut windows in initial and final set during this time, yes? During initial and final set, you have only a few hours, in our case. If it's standardization values, yes, a different kind, which is a different value of time. But we'll speak about hours, the sewing. Well, I'm not sure about what you are telling about the sewing, because we haven't done for this any laboratory test. But what we have learned about from the literature is that it might be. Because my knowledge about the cell cutting is fine. Maybe you speak about longitudinal joints, but transversal joints must be cut in several hours. So here you can see that this is the same case. Well, these are the different cases when you're in the pudding for four days or one day. And you can see these two are the stresses appearing in the first two rows. And these lines and these graphs will show the strength in this part, in this time. So if they are crossing, it means in this part, there will be the complete graph. So what does it mean? It depends on different parameters. You can see in every graph, the parameters are different. You have different time of the, let's say, last point of the cell cutting. If you do after this on this time, it will be too late to cut. So taking these times, we might have some graphs which are showing the end of the cell cutting time, depending on the different parameters, that there will be shrinkage coefficient, that there will be the correct time, if the correct is perfect, or this will be the relative humidity of the end. And the other part is which we are going to put is the original function. So from the joint spacing distance, which we are doing right now, we have some results already, but we should somehow validate and put in the test in the convention of the work. And with this, we'll finish this part of the test. I think if we have time, we will continue also with the long life long period of the concrete periods, where we will discuss the exodotes and other parameters, but here until now, we did until this part. And that's the conclusion. We can say that the flexibility of the work will allow us to analyze the structure and the early age for the term of mechanical behavior. Also, it is available at people for not only concrete periods, but also some other massive concrete structures or ordinary concrete structures, such as bricks, we've done analysis of.