A few years ago, I had an MBA macroeconomics course, and I was looking to turn it into a seminar, because it was a small group of students, and one of the hot books at the time was the book by Animal Spirits by Shuler and Ackerlof, which purported to give a sort of a Keynesian explanation of financial crises based on psychological imperfections in the human mind and so on. But I also wanted something, an antidote to this, and I found two books that were extremely clearly written. A third book that I did also use was Meltdown by Tom Woods. Give me the dollar later, Tom, for that. But I'm delighted to have the author of the two books that I used in that course. The MBA students loved it because they were so clearly written compared to the Shuler Ackerlof bestseller. So to give the Henry Hazard Memorial lecture, we have Hunter Lewis. Hunter Lewis graduated from the Groton School in Harvard University. After working at the Boston Company, which was then one of the largest investment managers, Lewis co-founded and served as the co-chief executive and then chief executive of Cambridge Associates, an investment advisor to American universities and colleges representing over three quarters of US higher education endowment assets. Lewis has been active in the environmental and natural health fields. He has written for the New York Times, The Times of London, The Washington Post, and The Atlantic Monthly, as well as numerous websites, including Forbes.com. His books on economics include one of the ones that I use and on which I highly recommend in which he has graciously donated copies to the attendees here, where Keynes went wrong and why governments keep creating inflation bubbles and busts. And I highly recommend this. He has also authored Are the Rich Necessary, Great Arguments and How They Reflect Our Personal Value, and The Real World War. He has also written books on moral philosophy, bringing I'm sure the same clarity to these questions as he has done to economics. And they include a question of values, six ways we make the personal choices that shape our lives. Another book called The Beguiling Serpent, and then the Alternative Values, is the subtitle. I'm sorry, that's another book. Alternative Values, Forn Against Wealth, Power, Fame, Praise, Glory, and Physical Pleasure. I'm for all of those things. I hope he comes down on the right side also. Without further ado, it really is my pleasure to introduce Hunter Lewis. Thank you, Joe, for your very generous introduction. It's an honor to deliver any lecture named for Henry Hezlett. He's been a beacon light for me, as for many of you, and also to speak to this group. Some years ago, as I was leaving a radio program, I heard a technician say to the host, I didn't understand the single word he said. I don't think I'll have that problem here today with this group. The major topic today is crony capitalism revisited. Why revisit it? Because David Stockman, whom I've met and admire, gave the Hezlett lecture last year in colded money and the triumph of crony capitalism. That talk focused on the crash of 08 and the subsequent bailout. It might seem odd to have two Hezlett lectures in a row devoted to crony capitalism. So far as I know, Henry Hezlett did not use the phrase. Nor, so far as I know, did Mises or Hayek or Rothbard. Although, so far as I know, Hezlett did not use the term. He was, and through his writing remains, the foremost expert on John Maynard Keynes. And at a deeper level, crony capitalism is Keynesianism and Keynesianism is crony capitalism. Or to be more precise, Marxism is the communism as Keynesianism is the crony capitalism. One is the sacred text, the other the actual system. The relationship between Keynesianism and crony capitalism is an interesting one and I'll return to Keynes shortly. But first a word about the phrase crony capitalism. Where does this phrase come from? New York Times columnist William Sapphire wrote in 1998 that he had traced its first appearance to a Time Magazine article in 1981. The article was written by many hands and is not clear who coined the phrase. If indeed that is the origin. Arthur Crock, New York Times Washington bureau chief seems to have coined the phrase government by crony back in 1946 and it may have been used earlier. Samuel Peeps, the 17th century diarist used the word crony but it wasn't so pejorative in those days. I think crony capitalism is a very useful phrase. My wife has a friend who loves books. When visiting my office, he saw a bookshelf and his eyes lit up. Then approaching eagerly, he saw they were about economics and recoiled in horror. How do we explain Austrian economics to a person like that? Most people want the elevator speech version anyway. What are you for? And in particular in today's tabloid media style, what are you against? There are pitfalls anywhere and everywhere. Am I for capitalism? I have to take care with my answer as David Gordon suggested yesterday. It's not just that Mark's coined the term. A college professor friend of mine tells me that socialism is the economic system favoring workers. Capitalism is the system favoring business owners. I respond no, capitalism is the system favoring consumers who by the way are also often workers. So as we all know, many people don't have a clue what capitalism is. How about the term free markets? That's clear enough, isn't it? Well, no. Many people think that free markets refer to a place where you can do anything you want. They think it's the Wild West or maybe a brothel. In reality, of course, free markets operate according to some very specific and binding rules. Ignore them at your peril. Yes, you can be selfish, willful, take advantage of others and put yourself first, but that's a good way not to add to your capital but to go broke, if not sooner than later.  As Mises said, being your own boss really just means that you have many bosses, all your customers. Markets are in fact a form of self-regulation because voluntary it works. This is the only form of regulation that does work but it's dangerous to use the word regulation. That's become synonymous with government regulation which does not work, which is oxymoronic. Better to say markets are a form of discipline, especially self-discipline. When speaking to people like my wife's friend, I usually speak of free prices rather than free markets. I sometimes imagine millions of people marching in Washington waving placards that say free prices now. Many people, perhaps most, understand that control prices are not such a good thing. Of course there are plenty of economists who condemn price controls, love what the Fed does and don't recognize any inconsistency. These economists are similar to the Occupy Wall Streeters who refer to the New York Fed building as the Citadel of Capitalism. That would be a good joke if it weren't so tragic. In these great debates, terminology matters. Look how FDR, how far he got by turning the word liberalism which meant less government on its head. Or by sending the word freedom into surgery where the antecedent two was locked off. The customary and logical two suddenly became freedom from, as in freedom from hunger. After this clever switch, an expansion of government became necessary in order to increase our freedom. It's too bad we didn't have Jefferson around at that point to call him down. An old friend of FDRs who went to my boarding school said that he was a champion liar from boyhood. But debates have not gotten any more honest since his time and it behooves us to set a standard both of honesty and clarity in our choice of terms. Mises spoke of capitalism, socialism and interventionism. These are crucial distinctions. Socialism and interventionism are both predatory and parasitical and thus in the long run self-destructive. But interventionism can persist for a very, very long time living off of but not quite consuming its host whatever survives of a free price system. The trouble with interventionism as a phrase however, is that like capitalism it requires an explanation and not a sound bite explanation. Chronic capitalism has the advantage that people immediately understand that something is wrong and that people operating as chronic capitalists may not be what they claim to be and indeed are someone unsavory. Now some people on the Mises website do not like this phrase. People commenting on the Mises website by the way are a spirited lot as I think you know. One, pen named Autocrat, cautions us against any use whatever of the term capitalism. Why? Because he says state capitalism is redundant. The state will always control capitalism and so by extension chronic capitalism is also redundant. Autocrat adds that if we must use the word capitalism we should modify it with the adjective utopian as in utopian capitalism. Ouch, I don't think there's anything remotely utopian about capitalism properly construed. I hope Autocrat is not here today. However, another blogger on FreeRepublic.com says there is no such thing as chronic capitalism. It's a term created by the left in order to slander capitalism wholesale. Someone agrees it would be better if people on our side refrain from using the left's terminology. But is this the left's terminology? Noam Chomsky, longtime thought leader of the left seems uncomfortable with such terms as chronic capitalism or green capitalism. Why? Because in his view such terms may confuse people into thinking that capitalism itself is not bad. Another blogger points out we have something in our language called a qualifier. The word crony totally changes the meaning of capitalism the way non or anti or faux would. Someone else agrees the two words together cannot possibly be taken as a slam against capitalism. Another commentator again on Mises raises what I think is a very valid point. He or she argues that using the term crony capitalism is a serious strategic mistake because the phrase can be taken to describe an out of control unregulated market. This is true. Just as there are many people today who think the answer to a surfeit of spending and debt is to pour on even more spending and debt there are people who think that the answer to government economic cronyism is to give the government more power of the economy. So this commentator is right that if we attack crony capitalism we'll attract some people who have little or no understanding about what causes crony capitalism or what we can do about it. But it's not really hard to explain if more and more government intervention in the economy is further corrupt in government and business and all the other special interests such as unions and lawyers. Even more government intervention cannot possibly be the answer. Some people no doubt will never get it. To provide a moment of light entertainment I shall read you a few sentences from an article describing crony capitalism in the international encyclopedia of the social sciences volume two 2008. Quote, some sociologists and political scientists have maintained that forms of crony capitalism may be indispensable for capitalist development. Particularly when those forms of cronyism help prevent untrammeled corruption. So you see cronyism prevents corruption. The article continues as modern China shows personal political networks tying central government leaders to regional industrialists may be invaluable in combating entrepreneurial corruption. Right, so big industrialists working with the government combat entrepreneurial corruption. The article continues, China's increased movement away from state-owned enterprise has greatly increased opportunities for corruption at the higher ranks of society. Again, sure, if government ownership prevents corruption then why did the Russians give it up? The article then really tops itself. Much of the success of the Chinese economy may be due to an uncorrupted political elite.  It's our partner in blowing up worldwide economic bubbles and it's only a matter of time before its present financial system, always in solvent to one degree or another, finally collapses. After reading this last passage from the so-called international encyclopedia of the social sciences, we can all agree that crony capitalism is not a perfect phrase to describe what we are against. But I think it's still better than the alternatives. Fascism carries far too much non-economic baggage, although I like one blogger's reference to fascism light. Corporatism is an obscure term for most people and suggests that corporations are somehow the root of the problem or inherently evil. Mercantilism is another alternative. It too is obscure for most people although it has the advantage that Keynes himself flew this particular flag overhead. That he did so is just one more example of his numerous self-contradictions and not just because he mocked mercantilism in the early years of his career before deciding to embrace it at the end of the general theory. Note also that in the beginning of the general theory, Keynes says that his ideas will no doubt be rejected because they're so novel and revolutionary. So at the end of the same book, he seems to have forgotten this because now he says he's reviving the same centuries old ideas that he had dismissed before as the most absurd fallacies. At least he acknowledges that he's changing his position although he does not explain how his ideas can be new, revolutionary and also centuries old. This is of a piece with describing himself as a member of the quote, the brave army of rebels and heretics down through the ages, unquote. Even as he recommends policies that appeal to the basis and most self-serving instincts of politicians and even as he enjoys all the privileges of being at the top of the existing financial and political elite. It may be true as the art historian Kenneth Clark said that Keynes, quote, never dimmed his headlights. But it cannot be said that he knew how to drive on the same side of the road. If we stay with crony capitalism as the least bad way to describe what's wrong with the economy, that brings us back to Keynes since he became the principal apologist for the system. As all of you know, much of Keynes' writing is intentionally obscure, although the threads can be unraveled and rebutted as Henry Haslett so brilliantly proved in the failure of the new economics. What I'd like to do in the balance of my time is to ask what is the very essence of Keynesianism? Can we describe it in the briefest and simplest terms so that anyone can understand what's wrong with it and thus strip away the intellectual fog that surrounds and protects crony capitalism? At first glance, it might seem that the essence of Keynesianism is simply the endless self-contradiction to which I've already alluded. He was never in one place intellectually or otherwise for long. For further example, he railed at the love of money. He called it, quote, the worm gnawing at the insides of modern civilization. But he also desperately wanted to be rich. He railed against investment speculation, but avidly speculated himself. At one point, he was completely wiped out and he had to turn to his father, a teacher, for a rescue. Two more times, he could have been wiped out, once in 1929, again in 1937, neither of which he anticipated. Keynes' relationship with gold is a good example of his continual self-contradiction. In 1922, he wrote in the Manchester Guardian, if the gold standard could be reintroduced, we all believe that the reform would promote trade and production like nothing else. A little later, of course, he described gold as the quote, Barber's Relic. Yet evenly called gold the Barber's Relic, he privately continued to recommend it as an investment diversifier. When we turn to Keynes' economics, perhaps the most fantastic self-contradiction was that an alleged savings glut, too much supposedly idle cash, could be cured by flooding the economy with more cash, newly printed by the government. Perhaps even more bizarrely, Keynes said that we should call this new cash, quote, savings, unquote, because it represents saving just as genuine, quote, as traditional savings, unquote. That is, the money rolling off the government printing presses is in no way different from the money that we earn and choose not to spend. All this new, quote, savings, unquote, enters the economy principally through the mechanism of low interest rates. At this point, Keynes further confounds as forerunners and elders by arguing that it is not high interest rates, as always thought, but rather low interest rates that increase savings, even though we started by positing too much savings in the first place. Keynes' followers echo this even today. Greenspan, Bernanke, and Krugman have all written about a savings glut, which is supposed to be at the root of our troubles and have proposed more money and lower interest rates as a remedy, although they no longer call the new money genuine savings. They prefer quantitative easing and similar obscure euphemisms. Keynesian, Gregory Mankiew, one of the two chief economic advisors named by Mitt Romney, has even proposed ramping up CPI inflation to create deeply negative interest rates. He hasn't said how negative, but his colleague, Ken Rogoff, says probably minus 6%. In other words, today's negative giveaway interest rates are still too low. We are to increase official inflation at around 6%, but keep interest rates repressed near zero. And of course, there will be no difficult whatever in keeping the CPI rate at 6%. This latest proposal of deeply negative interest rates outdoes even Keynes. The general theory does argue that interest rates could and should be brought to a zero level permanently. That's page 221 and 336 in the general theory. This idea of permanent zero interest rates appears first in prudence, although Keynes does not acknowledge or perhaps does not know that. And it does seem absurd on its face. Lending money at no interest is equivalent to giving it away, which is of course what Mr. Bernanke is doing. And it's hard to understand how anything can have value that's given away. Nevertheless, Keynes said that it would be reasonable to get to zero interest rates and also zero dividend rates within a generation. By that standard, we've clearly failed him because we should have reached that utopia by 1966. But note that even Keynes did not suggest negative interest rates.   And it's worrying that it isn't coming just from President Bush or President Obama. One can't be surprised in anything coming from those quarters. President Bush, as David Stockman mentioned last year, said that, quote, I have abandoned free market principles to save the free market system, unquote. His successor, President Obama, said in his first budget message that he was taking us from, quote, an era of borrow and spend, to, quote, an era of save and invest. Wasn't that good to hear? Now we have Mitt Romney not only relying on a retread Bush advisor, but even a proponent of deeply negative interest rates. A very nice man, I might add, but not somebody that we need in Washington again. These Romney advisors also, of course, believe in the fairy tale of borrow and spend stimulus. It's usually forgotten that Keynes assured us that each dollar of stimulus would produce as much as $12 of growth and not less than $4. Even the most ardent Keynesians have, of course, been unable to demonstrate as much as $1. How did Keynes know that you could get at least $4 of growth? He didn't. He told the governor of the Bank of England, Norman Monague, that his ideas were, quote, a mathematical certainty. But that, of course, was just a crude bluff. What is empirically verifiable is that all debt, private and public, has been generating less and less growth for decades. In the 10 years following 1959, the official figures say that you got 73 cents of growth for each dollar borrowed. By the time of the crash of 08, that was down to 19 cents. And I think it was really negative by then, and it's certainly deeply negative by now. Rather than follow Keynes and his disciples down this and so many other rabbit holes, let's ask ourselves, is there a common theme to this nonsense? And there is a common theme. The common theme is that market prices don't matter. In a system replete with paradoxes, this is the ultimate paradox. In order to fix the price and profit system, we must subvert it. No free price or profit relationship must be left alone. The price-profit system must be poked, pushed, pulled apart, only to be left in a complete shambles. The assault on interest rates and currency rates are particularly destructive, but all of this madcap tinkering with prices is destructive. Is this then the essence of Keynesianism? It's blind destruction of the price mechanism on which any economy depends as Mises demonstrated. Yes, but there may be an even deeper essence. When we think of Keynes' headline ideas, they have a kind of formulaic quality. You take a long-established observation, for example, that overspending and debt are the road to bankruptcy and ruin and turn it on its head. No, says Keynes, spending and debt are the road to wealth. For the Victorians, spending within your means and avoiding debt were not just financial principles, they were moral principles. Keynes, who was rebelling consciously against these same Victorians, described their quote copy book morality, unquote, as quote medieval and barbarous. He told his own inner circle, quote, that I remain and always will remain in a moralist, unquote. You will recall Mr. Macarver's famous admonition in Charles Dickens' 19th century novel, David Copperfield. Annual income, 20 pounds. Annual expenditure, 1996. Result, happiness. Annual income, 20 pounds. Annual expenditure, 20 pounds. Aught in six. Result, misery. Keynes certainly subverted that idea. In particular, he insinuated the very odd, but now very prevalent idea, that old-fashioned wisdom and morality is out of date, even a bit retarded. And odd or still, even in conflict with science. This is all nonsense, but it permeates our culture. And the very people who preach honesty and sustainability outside of economics, for example, in our treatment of the environment, entirely failed to understand that Keynes is preaching dishonesty and unsustainability in economics. So in conclusion, when we strip down Keynesianism to its very essence, the relationship to crony capitalism becomes even clearer. Crony capitalism represents both a corruption of capitalism and a corruption of morals. Keynesianism also represents both a corruption of economics and a corruption of morals. Crony capitalism and Keynesianism are just two sides of the same debased coin. Thanks for having me.


Hi guys and welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rotel here for today's video. I'm going to be doing something a little bit different than the usual content to put out here. This video is going to be showing a method one may wish to use for tapering off a tabless medication they're taking such as an SSRI. I've been taking Lexapro for the past eight months and I saw my doctor last week who said I can go down to 15 because I've been having some really problematic side effects that I'm just getting really tired of. So this is a method that one may wish to use to attempt to measure their drops a little bit more carefully. Now firstly one really big disclaimer not a doctor. Therefore this video is intended for informational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. You should ask your doctor or prescribing psychiatrist if this is something that would be safe to do or advisable to do for a specific medication and that brings me on perfectly to note number two. This method if you think about it rests on the assumption that the medication the active ingredient is equally distributed throughout the tablet because in any given medication you've got the active ingredient and then you've got excipients. Now that may not be the case for every medication especially ones that aren't scored such as Lexapro which can be the 20 milligram tablets I have can be broken in half. So this may you may actually not be decreasing any medication at all. You may be shaving off only excipients. You may be decreasing the entire thing by shaving off just the active. So this is definitely an approach that there's question and big question marks over this and there are other methods that you can taper like the liquid method but I have done this in the past when I was getting off Zoloft last year to make the drops between the bumps in the tablets a little bit easier and it seemed to work. So again use this at your own risk. Now let's go into how one can do this if one so chooses. So you're firstly going to want to assemble your gear. This is a 0.001 gram scale. You can find these on Amazon. You can find these pill cutters in your local pharmacy or CVS for about a dollar or you can choose to use something like a shaving utensil such as what I'm going to show here and you want your pill of course and this is an exacto knife. My hands are a little bit shaky because I typically make my youtube videos after having a strong cup of cold brew coffee. So firstly you want to pop open and tear your scale. Now the actual operation of these scales does differ a little bit. This one for instance you're supposed to put your measuring receptacle in before you turn it on. You can't just tear it so I'm going to show how to do that now but look up your own digital scales user manual.  Now I'm going to plop in my Lexapro. This is a 20 milligram Lexapro pill and if you want to be really thorough about this you should do it three times and then take the average. You can see I'm getting minuscule differences 0.257, 0.259, 0.258. So I'm just using I think 0.26 for the rest of this video just for the purpose of simplicity and I actually did it four times just to be super thorough. So you can see that's the weight and then as you remove your Lexapro pill if you want to do this on a different tablet just check that it zeros off properly. Now that's really an important point. Here's proof that if you use different tablets of any medication you're going to get slightly different weight due to differences in the manufacturing process. So here's me plopping in a few different Lexapro pills and if you pay attention to what's on the scale you can see that the value is actually changing slightly every time therefore if you want to be super accurate you're going to need to do this pill by pill you can't just do this in batches in other words. So what you want to do then is calculate whatever dose drop you want to do and that's your target weight. So if I want to decrease by 10% I multiply by 0.9 and that will give me 0.234 grams that this pill will should have 10% of its medication removed but again I caution that this rests on a uncertain assumption of medication being equally distributed. If you know it's equally distributed in your pill this should be perfectly safe and if it's not this may be potentially a very bad thing to try. So here's what here's the two methods you can use this is shaving using one of these exacto knife things you can generally find these in DIY or art stores and you can see thanks to the good zoom lens on my camera that as you shave off you're going to get these tiny little shavings and you can obviously just clean those off your desk although it's going to look super suspicious if someone sees your desk. So here is the pre-shave weight for this one just to show you and we're already decreased a bit of weight on the original tablet if you pay attention and watch I'm shaving a tiny bit more of the pill and then I'm going to put it back in again and you're going to see that there's going to be a small decrease so this really really does drop the actual weight of the pill albeit very slowly we've gone down by 0.002 of a gram. The second way and this is more aggressive is using a pill cutter you can go for half or you can try to kind of cut off a fraction of the medication I ended up taking a quite decent chunk out of this 20 milligram pill and therefore actually overshot the target weight that I specified at the start of this video you can see now that I'm going to pop in this pill and we're going to see that the weight has actually decreased quite significantly and I'll show you the actual figures at the end of this video. Now if you aren't proof that you're actually taking chunks out of the medication that really do weigh something you could weigh the shavings like this little thing I took off it's the pill cutter and you can see exactly how much it is at 0.0017 of a gram that I removed by shaving that off. Now just to show you exactly how much this worked out to the starting weight was 0.256 we ended up at 0.226 and working out the mathematics that means this drop was 12% which is a little bit more than I was planning on but it was also somewhat close. Again I reiterate the important disclaimers to this video this is just something you may wish to do and if you do wish to do it this is a methodology you may wish to follow but the best person to ask is your doctor, pharmacist, prescriber or whoever your trusted professional medical practitioner is. Thank you for watching I hope this video was useful and if you do want to get more videos from me do please consider subscribing to this YouTube channel.


I'm back. Are you able to see what I am sharing? I'm not sure if I'm shared quickly. Back. We are back. I'm back. Yeah, we can see now. All right. Okay. So we left on question four. So now we are on question five. Question five is normal distribution. It says given a normally distributed population with the mean of seven and the standard deviation of three and 50 as the number of cases until the following questions. What is the proportion of participants with the Roscoe of greater than five? So it means bigger than. How did you answer this? Remember, you need to use the Z formula. Z of greater than X minus the mean divide by the standard deviation. How did you answer it? Z greater than the X is always given in the question. So our X is five minus the new is seven. Did you guys answer the question? Divide by three. No, I must put the equal sign. So the answer we get is Z of five minus seven. It's minus two over three divided by three. Minus two over three, which is Z of three. What is minus two over three? I got 0.667. Okay. Remember, you will need two decimals. So it will be 0. 0.67. 0.67. Now you need to go to the table. But before we go to the table as well. So let's go there. Remember, this is very useful. So we need to make sure that we know what we want to get. So our answer is negative. Before we go to, let's go back there. I'm going to draw it here. And then I'm going to erase it. So remember, our normal distribution, the answer is negative. Why am I having it as positive? It's minus. This answer should be a negative. It's Z of greater than minus 0.67. Yeah. Minus 0.7. The sign says greater than. So it means the sign tells us that we need to divide this and shade this area because it says greater than. So looking at the sign and the shaded area, therefore it means our answer will be in there. The larger portion. So we need to go to the larger portion and look for 0.67. Minus 0.7. We make this table bigger. Not that too big. 0.67. It is here. And the larger portion. That is the answer. So our answer for the proportion is 0.74857. So the proportion here, we can write S. 0.7. Greater than minus 0.67. 0.7 is equal to 0.74. 0.74857. 0.857. And that is how we will answer it. Because I'm going to run out of space, I'm going to delete this. Omega should leave it. No, I'm going to delete it. Even though it's going to take me forever. Delete. And number two. 5.2 says we need to find the percentage. So it means the proportion that we're going to find. We need to multiply that by 100. So let's go. We do the same thing. But yeah, it's greater than 15. So I'm not going to repeat the formula. You can repeat the formula if you want. I'm just going to substitute the values. Z of greater than 15 minus 7. So that will be Z of, what is 15 minus 7? 8 divided by 3. 8 divided by 3. Z divided by 3. 2.67. 2.67. So we're going to do the same. We're going to draw our normal distribution. And we're going to highlight. Our 2.67 is in the positive. Remember in the middle there is zero. So it means it's in the side. 2.7. So since it's 2.67 and the sign says greater than. So the shaded area will be the site to the right. So in this site, it is the smaller portion, isn't it? Because the larger portion is not shaded. So we go to the table. We look for 2.67. Once we are on the 2s and 2.67 each year. And the answer is 0.99621. Are we not looking for the smaller portion? Oh, sorry. I went to the wrong side. We are looking for the smaller portion. The portion which is not this, which is this. So we can say. The probability of finding that of greater than 2.67 is 0.00379. The pen is not writing with 0.379. Remember that. They said percentage. Multiply the answer by 100. And the answer that we have is equals to 0.87. I got 0.38. 0.38. Let's leave it at this mouse. We can just leave it at 2 decimals. We can say it's 0.38 percent. Okay, so the next one it says, what is the number of participants that goes between 5 and 19? So it means we're looking for those who's got between 5 and 15, not 19. Why am I saying 19? 15. So if we convert this, we already calculated the Z scores. So we know what Z scores are. So we know. I'm not going to repeat all those Z scores and do the calculations. We know the site it was 0.67 and the site is 0.0. It's 2.67. 2.67. We're looking for this part. So we can use mean to Z. Anyway, it's 2 marks. So we're looking for the number. So I can just go and find the proportion of the Z that lies between minus 0.67 and 2.67. Remember, we can use the mean to Z, add them together. Yeah, mean to Z for 0.67 and mean to Z for 2.67 and add them together. I'm going to start with this one. We know what those are. Sorry, mean to Z. That is the very one, which is 0.49621. Did you write that down? That is for 2.7. 2.67. Come back here. Just give it some time. It will pop up. I'm going to say plus 0.4. 9621. 9621. And we can go and look for 6.7 Z. It is 0.24857. 0.24857. 0.24857. Add them together. 0.74478. Slowly, 0.74478. Okay, we are done. We will be looking for the number. Multiply this value. We will be taking the overall number of cases that we have and our number of participants with the Roscoe between that and that will be and remember there is a number of participants so it should give all numbers as well. When you get to the answer, remember to limit as a whole number. So 0.74478. Multiply by 50. 37.23 rounded off to 37. Yeah, only 37. We have got between. Who has the score between 5 and 15? Who has it? The others falls outside of that. So that is for two marks. That's to do that. Okay. Can I ask? I didn't find the mean to that, but I added them. What do you call it? I call it the two values. The ones that I got for 2.67 on the 1.4. And I got the same number. Wouldn't it be wrong? You added? I added the value that I got for 0.67. No. And the value that I got for 2.67. Did you add or subtract because you needed to subtract? I added. Which value? I added then that then I got the same number that we got when it did mean to that. Yeah, I'm asking which number did you add? Oh, I added 0.00379 and 0. What was the other one? Oh, 0.7485. Yes. And then 0.379. Yes. Then I got 0.74478. You can get 0.74478 if you added both of them. You should have subtracted to get that. Because the other one is 0.74857. Already it's more than 0.774. Because if you say plus 0.00379. Then we get 0.7524. You're not going to get 0.74478. I don't know how I got it, but I didn't add the mean to that. But I got the same number that you got. Now I'm just trying to find out what I did. You subtracted the two numbers. Oh, yes, I subtracted. Yes, I did subtract. Yes, I think you're using the same method that I used in class. Yes. Yes. It will give you the same. So if you take the probability there minus the probability, you should get the same answer. But I don't know how your lecture marks. So please make sure that you use the mean. Try to use the mean to z. Otherwise you must show how you calculated the value so that then they are able to follow what you did to get to the answer. Okay. Don't lose marks. Okay, so question number six.  Four yellow, six white.  One by one without replacement. So it means the minute you took out the first one, you're not going to put it back. So it means the count from take becomes nine.  What is the probability that the first ball taken out is yellow and the second is white? We have 10 golf balls in the basket. So how did you calculate it? So I said the probability that the first ball is yellow is four divided by 10, which is not comma four.  So for white is six divided by nine, which is equals to zero comma six, six, seven. That's what I got. Yeah, me too. I also got the same probability of first yellow would be four out of 10. Yes. And the probability of white. You said six out of nine. And what is four over 10? 0.4. And then six, seven, four. Six, seven, nine is 0.67. I think you need two because it says N. Because it says N. Oh, we're not supposed to multiply. Yes, we need to multiply. We can just say the answer would be and say probability could write this such probability of yellow and white would be four over 10 multiplied by six over nine.  Yes, let's leave it at three decibels. That is 6.1, 6.2. Your angle has five goals. Two are black, three are yellow. What is the probability that the first ball you take out will be black? The first black. What is the probability of first black? Two out of five. Two out of five goals. And that is how much? 0.4. 0.4.  I was still referring to the first one. I don't know, but I think we're still referring to that. I think so. What is the probability that the first ball he takes out will be yellow? Oh, so it glows the first statement, which is 6.2, because they say they throw all the balls into one basket. Okay, but then I was this question confused me.   So your uncle has. Three yellow. That's my four yellow, makes it seven yellow. Yes, your uncle has five, but you have ten, remember? Very carefully. But then now there is what? So it means they are now seven yellow balls. You need to write this first.  So now you have ten plus five, which is our fifth. At the bottom, 15. So how many yellows are there? Seven. Four plus three is seven, so we can say. Yes, it's seven. Plus four is seven over 15, which means it's how much? Seven. Seven. Seven. There we go. One mark each. Remember, these are not the only questions they can ask. Remember, they can ask you also about how they. Which other one that they like. Like what they asked on the. Yes. Asking you. To calculate if you win a prize. Oh. And then. Those. This one was a bit tricky. Yeah. Yeah. Question seven. A. One. Whether there is a difference between the productivity of employees from two departments in an organization. You choose two groups. Consisting of 31 employees from each department, the productivity of employees. From each department is measured in terms of average unit produced. In a month in order to draw conclusion. You need to determine whether there is a significant difference between department a productivity score. And those of department B at. Level of significance is set at alpha of zero comma zero five. Okay. Formulate the appropriate. Not hypothesis in symbol. Are you. Not hypothesis. Not hypothesis. Mean A minus mean B is equal to zero. Is not equal. Not hypothesis. Mean A minus mean B is equal to zero. B. Is equal to zero. And that's all you can answer it. Come on. No hypothesis. I'm not. Yeah, wait, sorry. Let me fix my phone. No. Sorry. I can't do anything on this phone without opening those. Okay, so. Oh, you. If you don't put it this way. Or you can say H naught. Mean A is equal to mean B. That is in symbol. You're not hypothesis. Formulate the appropriate alternative hypothesis in waves. The productivity in department A is not the same as the productivity. Employers in department B. I said there is a difference in the productivity of employees from two departments in the organization. There we go. You use that statement in your alternative hypothesis. Oh, okay. I noticed it. There is a difference and blah, blah, blah, blah. She's that statement. But now you cannot just say there is a difference in productivity. You need to say there. Yes, you can say that. Or you can say between the mean of department A scores and the mean of department B scores. Because we're talking about the means as well. So you can, you can say it that way. But even if you repeat the same statement as they have it there. But you will need to some way to have scores so that it makes difference or the mean score or something like that. Okay. 7.3. Assume that the data are normally distributed. Select the appropriate test statistic and calculate. What is statistic? So we have equal number of observations. So it should be easy. When we have equal number of observations. So we can use T. The T square. The T test. And if you go back to your formulas, if you don't know. Which formulas to use. These are the formulas. This one is the T test. For the differences. Where. And after. So it means when you give it. Sorry. When you are given. The same. Like the mean. Score before the test and after the test. You use that for independence. When you have equal sample. Sample sizes. And. Independence when you have. unequal. I don't know how to write unequal. How possible. Because I just finished writing equal. unequal. Sample sizes. So let's go back there. Do we have equal sample sizes? Yes. So which formula are you going to use? This formula. So did you write it down? Yes. Okay. So. Which is. The mean. For. A. Minus the mean. For B divide by the square. Of. I forgot now. I need to go into double check. Is it a square. A squared for a divide by. And a. Plus. B. Is it minus. Divide by sorry my bad. No, it's divide by divide by. Yes. So you can just substitute the values. 65. 64. Minus 63. 74. Divide. By. The square root. On. Remember they gave you a square. So you don't have to. If they just gave you S. You're just going to put the square on the. We just use the values. As they are. Five comma three. Divide by thirty one. Plus. Seven four. Divide by thirty one. What do you get. Seven four. Divide by thirty one. What do you get. The top is. Zero comma nine. Zero comma nine. And then the bottom isn't it because the. The denominators are the same. We just add the. Numerators. So it'll be seven comma two seven. Over thirty one. Which is. Sorry isn't it one point nine. At the top. Why not. Is no primary. It's not one point nine. Is it. Yes one point nine. Is that. Yeah, I know what One point nine. Oh yes one point eight nine. My best one point eight nine. One point eight nine. One one nine. when you're writing this module are you using iris or are you using the indigillator app? it's a two-day thing so yeah how does that work that it opens on the 34 hours yes yes they just give you more time to work through so you can do today and tomorrow make sure that you don't run out of time yes as they take into consideration the load shading in South Africa okay you don't complain I'm not complaining I was just thinking do I understand it correctly because everything else is a time pressure of three hours and one hour to upload and oh goodness yeah it's a last thing yeah yeah the bottom part those who calculated what do you get do you get 0.48 I have 11 I mean after you take away the square root as well and some digits if you have a case your calculator you can use the fraction the fraction thing in the calculator because it makes it easier I will send you guys my calculator on my phone some of you might have those who don't have it has a fraction calculation thingy that you can use to answer the question without doing step by step I'm going to do that so that we can compare our answers minus and the answer I get is 3.92 what do you get 3.92 you also get 3.92 okay so that is the answer to that question and it's for the remarks determine the degrees of freedom I've sent the calculator on the group you have sent the calculator on yeah the so they can download the calculator that the one you're talking about I have it on my phone as well okay thank you thank you somebody in there yeah either the the tv or the people in the background okay so let's move to the next question it says find the degrees of freedom so this belongs to that and this belongs to that so our degrees of freedom for this is n1 plus n2 minus 2 so freedom e plus nb minus 2 which is 81 plus 31 minus 2 which is equals to 62 right that is your degrees of freedom determine the critical value sorry can you just go back to your formula sheet where you're saying this one belongs with this one and this one seeing okay and also this one is saying degrees of freedom yes is okay thank you so two-tail test significant value of alpha of zero comma zero five so we go to the table look for t table which is this table we're looking for a two-tail of zero comma zero five and the degrees of freedom of so here is the degrees of freedom so since zero comma zero five is right here I'm going to highlight the column and your critical value let's go back for those who still don't remember they said critical value two-tail table uh two-tail test at five percent which is zero comma zero five two-tail test zero comma zero five degrees of freedom of 60 we calculated that where they both meet that is our critical value which is two point zero zero zero three t of zero comma zero five critical value is I forgot now two point two point zero zero zero three for one month interpret the results in terms of the rejection area so we know the critical value we have the test statistic interpret your results so it's a two-tail test you know I like to do like this and because it's a two-tail test shade the site and also shade the site and call this minus two point zero zero three and the site two point zero zero zero three so wherever the t the t test statistic that we calculated here we if it falls in the shaded area or remember I like to also mention that this is the this is the decision route yes it's just that this is just a diagram to help us make the decision yeah for a two-tail test so we go to say where does this value form if it falls in the shaded area we reject the null hypothesis because here you reject the null hypothesis so where does it fall three point nine falls in the rejection area so interpret your results what did you say when you interpreted your results I said three point nine two is greater than two point zero zero zero three so therefore reject the hypothesis the test of three point nine two it's greater than the critical value two point zero zero zero three the four we reject the null hypothesis I'm gonna call it H not but you can use the full weight we reject the null hypothesis that is all what you need to do because the next question says interpret your rejection in relation to the statement in your inner plane language and also state the certainty we have done this so if we are making the null hypothesis our null hypothesis said there are there is so is there's no difference high wow yes it is no difference if in those mean we reject that so therefore if we are rejecting that they fall means the alternative hypothesis statement is true so how do you interpret this in your plane language using this also in the uncertainty and remember the level is 95 so your level of is five percent so the certainty will be 95 in the whole sentence using the information we just stated so you can take the whole statement actually don't take that one use this one at the bottom use this statement in your answer plus also in a 95 percent they need high I don't know if also know how to split certainty here now why am I having all this ice say tea I'm not gonna write anymore you guys sort that out so you can write that in your plane language so you can say there is a 95 percent certainty that there is that there is a significant difference between department a productivity score and those of department b or you can say there is a significant difference between department a productivity score and those of department b with a 95 percent whichever way to choose to use use them as long as the statement will read with that and there is some sort of significance that you your state as well so it should be that statement the whole of it okay happiness yes okay then we move on to question eight and I know that person I'm not gonna repeat statement given the table with all the information um the lecture I have asked you to help answer the following question is there a significant difference in the student's attitude towards statistics at first second and third level I think this is similar to the almost the same question that we did previously so it should be easy to answer or you should have the answers to this question because it almost exactly the same the only difference probably would be that I can think of would be the values given yeah they changed the values they just changed the values but the questioning is almost exactly the same so what is 8.1 choose the inappropriate test statistics to this hypothesis question and calculate the test statistic present your answer in a summary table so remember you will need to go and calculate I'm gonna I need to give you all the formulas and then you do the calculation and complete the table I will come back because my kids are not sleeping and they should be sleeping by now so you need to first calculate your sst which is your sum of x squared minus the sum of x squared divide by n you need to calculate that and get it right and then you need to also calculate the ss group as as group which is your small n times the sum of and all these are formulas given on the here are all this this information is what you need to to get for 8 max so we need to calculate all of them so it is the sum of your summation of your x mean j which is for individual groups minus the overall mean which is I always like to put the x bar x bar on top the overall mean and I think we need square this I thought I know the formulas by heart unfortunately not that you need to calculate you need to calculate ss group then you need to calculate sse sse which is sst minus ss group which are those two values you subtract one from the other and then you also need to find your degrees of freedom I'm going to follow the same thing that we did the previous one so you need to find the degrees of freedom for total degrees of freedom for total you must look at the formula so which is capital letter n minus one you need to find the degrees of freedom for group which is your k minus one and you need to go and find your degrees of freedom for error which is k n minus one k n minus one and that is the small n and once you have all that information you need to go and calculate this line here then you will need to calculate your ms ms group if you haven't calculated them ms group by substituting ss group divided by the degrees of freedom for group and then you need to also calculate uh ms error mse or error which you will use sse divide by the degrees of freedom so you would use the value you find on the sse divide by degrees of freedom error and once you are done then you can calculate your f test statistic which is your ms group divide by your ms error and once you have that then you can draw your table I might not have enough space but you will need to draw your table uh oh yeah right what am I doing uh friend out of space I will come back and draw the table but if you're able to draw the table let me draw and uh just give me five minutes I will be back uh just need to check what these kids are doing okay are we are we done are we somewhere let's uh let's populate let's populate the values and we'll draw the table later on so sst sst is 915 minus 235 squared divide by 30 which is 55 235 I think I already used the wrong n I need to get it right and use the capital letter n divided by 30 and it's 225 they're not 325 squared it's 235 yeah 235 squared and the answer you got was um 195 minus 55 225 is that the answer you got no no no the answer is 74.17 yeah the answer is 74 yes 74.17 yeah okay and the ss group we use 10 and we say bracket I'm just doing a bigger bracket and we're going to say 6.5 minus 7.83 bracket plus 10 8 10 brackets where did you get 10 oh sorry 8 8 wait let me raise that and and write it again 8 minus 7.83 squared plus the last one 9 7.83 squared and what is the answer I'm interested in the final answer 31.67 31.67 and ss e will be sst which is 74.17 minus 81.67 what did you get 42.50 okay and degrees of freedoms this will be 32 minus 1 which is 29 I can just come here and calculate this one as well which is 31.67 divided by 29 and the answer you get is I got 15.83 15.384 15.834 834 so I can leave it as 15.83 and you can do ss degrees of freedom ah sorry you guys I'm sorry my bad you're not even saying you're substituting wrong that is ss total that won't be correct okay attention to the values used don't just accept it's 10 o'clock at night our brains freeze sometimes okay so let's get to the groups case how many groups do we have there's three groups three and three minus one which makes it equal to two so it means this divide by two and that will be 31.67 divide by two two is this 10.82 yeah three point eight three okay and then go to m s e we need the degrees of freedom so we know that this is three times small n is 10 minus one which is plus two nine times three 27 seven so we can then substitute our s s e is 43 and five zero divide by 27 and what do you get I got one point five seven seven one point size seven is now let's let's substitute 15.83 divide by 1.57 what do you get I'm just gonna draw the table here because I don't have another space to draw the table oh right no it's not gonna work it's not gonna work let's go find another spot in the meantime what is the answer to 10.09 happiness now let's draw the table I got 10.08 I also get 10.08 oh it's not anything it's so it's a whole point eight oh my god I'm gonna draw the table here okay so you will have your source these are freedom your s s s your m s and s your f which is your test statistic so since we calculated everything on there so I'm just gonna substitute the values f I'm not so if they want you to write the formulas so you can see m s g over for some reason now my pen is erasing why why why f m s g over m s e I'm not gonna write all the values I'm just gonna substitute 0.8 and your m s e is equals to otherwise you don't even have to repeat all these titles I was gonna ask you do you have to repeat the formulas in in the table not really look at what your example from your book the book just gives the values no formulas yeah just put the values so 31.67 31.67 this one is 15.83 15.83 and the other one is 1.57 1.57 so yeah you can say I don't know whether you use group or treatment it's group you can say that yeah and then they error and then they total and your degrees of freedoms there's 2 so 2 is 42.50 42.50 and then 2 and 27 2 and 27 and then this will be 29 and here you can also have the total you just add these two values 7 11 0.34 7 and then you can do the same you can add all of them I don't know whether you do add them but you can add them so that will be 0 13 6 7 and that is the table for 8 marks that's all what they want but you can show also all the calculations in case a table where it's worth one mark yes because in order for you to find the test statistics you need to calculate all this and then they also say present your answers in the summary table which is the summary table and all of it it's 8 points okay so 8.2 determine the critical value so in terms of the critical value we need to use the degrees of freedom for the and error yes so we can use degrees of freedom for one will be 2 and degrees of freedom for one for two will be 27 and we're going to use our another table which is the f table so f of 0.01 and the degrees of freedom so let's go look for the table and we need to pay attention 0.01 that's what they want so this will be your df1 and this will be your df2 so df1 is 2 and 27 so we're looking for 2 and 27 is that the critical value is and that is for one mark so you must also pay attention to your tables because it's split by degrees of freedom sorry by the level of significance okay so now 8.3 let's call this 8.1 that's a name 8.3 do you reject the null hypothesis if you look at this distribution it's left skewed it doesn't really matter whether we're doing a twitter test or not so the decision is if it falls this side of the portion of the graph we reject the null hypothesis and remember this we said it's 5.49 the origin of rejection anything this side we reject the null hypothesis so let's go to our critical value we found that it was 10.8 so it will be in the rejection area so what do you say you say f that i'm just going to use f statistic is equals to 10.08 which is greater than your f of 0.01 which is your critical value of 5.49 therefore we reject the null hypothesis f statistics is greater than your critical value therefore reject the null hypothesis that will give you one mark to state the sentence like that 8.4 interpret your results remember we interpret it based on the information the information that is there a significant difference remember you said there is no difference we are rejecting the null hypothesis therefore it means to say in the easy difference so same as what we did previously also remember with satinity and because it's 0.01 what is our satinity the percentage 99 percent we're going to say with 99 percent satinity there is no there is a significant difference no attitude there is a significant difference there is a significant difference in the attitude of students towards statistics at first second and third year level this can be confused with 99 percent satent oh yes yes yes yes and that will give you two marks as long as you can mention 99 and you can refer back to that statement you get two marks for that right I think we are almost at the end which is chi square test so they've given you the contingency table with gender and yes no and not sure so it's a two by three table and I think it's almost similar to the one that you had previously as well that we went through so they also calculated your chi square test statistic which they found that it was 51.39 make a contingency table to represent the given information and clearly indicate your observed and your expected remember I said you can also from here you can also say identify your observed and you're expected in a bracket or you can create a table on the side similar to the same and but you will need to have totals first before you do that because you need totals so let's first calculate the totals so you need to calculate totals so you will have totals and you will have totals they so this is 45 this is 40 and 15 and 15 and going aside this is 50 and this is 50 and the total will be 100 so remember in order for you to calculate the expected value so let's say we want to calculate the expected value for five we say the row total which is 50 multiply by the column total which is 45 and remember this is only the remarks but you have to do do it that way divide under it i'm gonna get you the values just now 22.5 i will write them just now and just okay so for five it's 22.5 and this is 22.5 the middle one is 20 and 20 and this will be 20 and this will be 20 so you can put this in brackets in brackets and I think this is 7.5 so that will be your observed and you're expected in brackets okay because they say clearly indicate your observed and your expected value so once you redraw this table just say some I think you can write it here say observed and expected in brackets you can just do it like that then they will understand what you have done it's only the remarks anywhere okay so once that is done the next one says find the degrees of freedom so the degrees of freedom here is your number of rows minus one times the number of columns minus one don't count the headers don't count the totals so how many rows these are the rows two there are only two of them two minus one and how many columns and these are columns and there are three columns minus one which is two minus one is two it cannot be two it's one and three minus two I'm already giving you the answer which is equals to two and that is for one mark the next one the critical value so our chi squared critical value it's zero comma zero one and your degrees of freedom of two and the degrees of freedom of two so we go to the table so every time you hear critical value always remember to go to the table so we're using zero comma zero one so that is zero comma zero one and two and your critical value is two comma it's nine comma two one two one zero four and do we reject the null hypothesis also remember this if it falls here this is in rule we reject the null hypothesis so we know that this origin of rejection is 9.21 what did we get the test statistic is 51.39 so since the chi square test statistic is equals to 51.39 which is greater than the critical value of 9.2104 we the null hypothesis and the last bit interpret your results and with how much satin it the same anyone who wants to try it for the last time because this is the end how would you answer it let me try okay okay sorry go ahead no you can go Karen it's fine um I would say there is a significant difference between South African men and women in terms of compliance with a lockdown regulations and that this can be said with 99 certainty here we go thank you and all the best with your exams any question oh no just a huge thank you yeah so what I would have done without you in my pocket mon I can now brain at this point trust me it's not really when are you writing uh 30 to the rest yeah the people who will be released at God's six in the Tuesday in the evening yeah on Tuesday yes Tuesday to Wednesday if your exam is almost the same as the two papers that we just went through I don't see any problem just to remember all these things that's so easy with you you see like you make everything too easy seems so easy and you're looking at a paper I mean I I tried to do this paper and in four hours I had only done half you see most of these things that you do in this paper they are in your study guide probably I've done the whole study guide trust me still you when you open a question paper it feels like it's different I don't know it's just me yeah it's like that level of confidence you don't even know where to start it's like oh no stop what formula is this so I've taken out my on my formula should I've written what they are and what chapter they're from that way I don't know it sort of makes it a bit easy but still I we needed this trust me


Hey guys, welcome back to my kitchen and welcome back to another monthly freezer meal prep this week I am going to be focusing on budget-friendly meals with prices of everything going up I just wanted to give you guys ideas that didn't cost you a whole lot But are still quick and simple and will be filling for your family So I started out by putting some ground beef into the frying pan for a baked meal I'll be doing here in a moment And then I also started some hot water boiling because we're going to be working on putting together some potato wedges And you need to blanch them before you put them in to the freezer I pulled out a few other supplies and I got a box of my freezer bags And I really like these freezer bags They have a great bottom on them to help them stand up while you load them up So the first thing we're gonna be starting out with is some firecracker drumsticks and drumsticks are so Inexpensive compared to other meats and you can really make them delicious in the air fryer or in the oven And I want to thank auntie and no-nose for sponsoring today's video They have amazing spices and I'm using their firecracker sea salt over these drumsticks Just with a little bit of olive oil and this cuts down on time like crazy whenever you are prepping because I didn't have to pull Out five or six spices. It was all right there for me and this stuff tastes so Delicious, this would also be great on chicken wings as well I want to tell you a little bit more about auntie and no-nose spices while I'm cutting up my potato wedges here These seasonings are paleo friendly vegan friendly gluten-free non-gmo kosher and no MSG The flavor profile of the firecracker sea salt is a spicy salt with chipotle jalapeno and scorpion chilies Beyond meats and veggies you can add this to a slice of pizza add it to popcorn in your chili on eggs and toast You could whisk it into a vinaigrette to make an amazing salad. It has so many possibilities on the potato wedges I am using the everything seasoning which it truly lives up to its name You can use this on literally everything its flavor profile is savory not too salty with notes of garlic and onion And it is so delicious. I think this would be perfect on top of avocado toast You could really put it anywhere then I decided to prep some salmon and this is not going in the freezer However, it could I was just prepping it for the next day and I went ahead and added in anti Nonos seafood seasoning. I could not wait to use this stuff on shrimp on the grill this summer It's going to be so delicious It's flavor profile is savory citrus with notes of lemon paprika and mustard talk about mouthwatering All I did was rub it on to my salmon to kind of give it a dry Marinate before I put it on the griddle the next day We've fallen a little bit in love with these spices in our household and I know that you will too So definitely check out the link in the description box to find out how you can get your hands on these You will be thanking me later and let's get back to cooking. All right So to add to that ground beef that I started in the beginning I chopped up a pepper and a onion just some green bell pepper and I added that in we're going to be making Something that is a traditional dish. We're gonna dress it up a little bit But my daughters have been begging for spaghetti. I personally grew up eating a lot of spaghetti So it's not something I make very often, but they've been requesting it So I decided I'm gonna find a way to dress up some spaghetti And I also put in some meat into my big pot to do chili a little later on in this video Next I got started on some very yaki chicken and this is a really easy marinade to put together And I will also be making some fried rice in this video to go along with this meal I like to slice up my chicken pretty thin whenever I'm doing like a stir-fry style chicken and it's really simple It's like a cup of teriyaki sauce You can do a sugar-free teriyaki sauce if you are on keto or anything related to sugar-free and make this recipe And then you can also use a sugar-free brown sugar Then I just used a veggie peeler to put a few pieces of ginger root right into the marinade And I actually did refrigerate those for a while before putting it into the freezer So the flavors would all soak into that chicken and I also put in some minced garlic This is just really easy and so yummy Then since I was going to be doing two rice dishes this day, we'll get to the second one here in a second I went ahead and cooked up a bunch of rice right in my pressure cooker to be honest It's been a while since I've made rice in here and it's so simple It's so much easier than cooking it on the stove and I feel like it turns out perfect every single time So back to the baked spaghetti. I just put in some minced garlic mixed that all around I love this chopper tool I recently got for ground burger and it works for a lot of other things So I'll try to remember to leave it linked below and then I put some Italian seasoning some season salt and Some black pepper and some regular salt and then I dumped in our favorite red sauce It is from Aldi and this is actually the meat version of that sauce And then I put a block of cream cheese in just let it all soften and mix around and then I did use thick spaghetti for this I thought maybe it would hold up a little bit better in the freezer instead of just having regular spaghetti So I got that cooking up in the water just following the instructions on the box and I chopped up my burger that was frying up for my chili and Once my cream cheese was all melted up. It is ready to be mixed into the spaghetti So next I'm adding a bell pepper and an onion to my chili just chopping it up dicing it up You can do all kinds of peppers in this if you watch my channel for a while You know that a lot of times with my chili it kind of changes every time I make it However, this time around I did write up the exact measurements and everything in the description below So if you want my no bean chili recipe, it's in the description of this video So as you can see, I'm adding the spaghetti into the sauce and just stirring it around and then it's ready to go into the pan So to layer it in the pan, you're going to need some shredded mozzarella So I put that right into my food processor and this is 16 ounces of shredded mozzarella Like I said, we are dressing up spaghetti here So we're making it more decadent and really cheesing it up You could definitely do this with gluten-free spaghetti noodles by the way If you want a gluten-free version of this then I'm using my handy dandy little oil dispenser I love this thing. I just recently got it and I've been using it almost every day And you just layer in the spaghetti put in a layer of cheese and then put a second layer of spaghetti And top with the rest of your cheese I did leave a little spaghetti aside because my daughters were literally begging for some spaghetti to eat While I was making this video. So I left some out for them and then I just covered it with foil Back to the chili. So I just mixed together my cauliflower rice and the meat and the onion and pepper And then you're gonna add in diced tomatoes. The roasted diced tomatoes are really great for this You're also gonna add tomato sauce some chili powder Cumin powder onion powder garlic powder salt and pepper and I truly just do this by taste And that's gonna be how it's written below in the instructions is do it by your taste if you like more of a cumin taste Go ahead and add more of it if you like more chili powder Go ahead and add more of it if you like hot chili spicy chili Then go ahead and add some cayenne pepper you can tweak it to make it the way that you like it And here you're gonna see how perfect rice comes out in the pressure cooker You just take a fork and fluff it up and it's so simple All right. So now we're going to be starting a taco casserole or Honestly, we may use this as a burrito filling because it's just a great mixture It turned out so delicious and then in my frying pan I am putting some frozen veggies and just kind of cooking them up just a little bit And then I'm throwing some rice in there to do some fried rice and to be honest every time I make my fried rice I make it a little bit different. It's not the same every single time But this time I used some olive oil some garlic powder some onion powder some ginger And some soy sauce and then I did splash a little bit of the teriyaki sauce in as well My favorite thing to use in fried rice is sesame oil But I didn't have any on hand So I kind of had to make do with what I had And then of course right at the end you want to go ahead and crack a couple eggs in it That really gives it the true fried rice texture and taste Then I scooped out the fried rice into a bowl so it could cool down before I put it in a bag And I got back over to my taco casserole So I added some sour cream if you are dairy free you could totally add some Dairy-free sour cream I added in some rice some black beans and a little bit of frozen corn I'm not a big fan of frozen corn, but in Mexican style dishes I really do like those big pieces of corn And I just stirred everything around and just kind of let it simmer a little bit to let the flavors combine The recipe calls for a taco seasoning packet However, I just used some cumin and some onion powder some garlic powder and chili powder and it gave it an amazing taste Then I bagged up my fried rice once it had cooled down just enough so that I could seal it off Then the taco casserole was done and I just put it in a pan I actually did reserve a little bit of this to make some burritos this week I just felt like it was such a great mixture and you could use it in some different things Next I pulled out some of my home canned potatoes because I'm going to be making some shepherd's pie And this is a really easy recipe. I love having canned potatoes right on hand You don't have to worry about waiting for them to cook up. They're already soft So I went ahead and threw a stick of butter in there. I emptied out one of my sour cream containers So whatever was left in there some salt some pepper and a little bit of minced garlic And then I just used my immersion blender to kind of blend it all up With the burger that I was frying for the shepherd's pie. I added some more of those frozen veggies They're just a great and expensive way to add veggies into your food And as the potatoes got warmer, they were a little easier to blend up So I went ahead and finished blending those together. Then I added in some of the other ingredients I will leave the recipe for this below. I loosely followed it. I also added some of the everything seasoning That I showed you earlier to this I added some flour to just thicken it up a little bit You could also do gluten-free flour if you are gluten-free and this would be a great gluten-free recipe So I had actually doubled this recipe so it made two pans and you put the first layer down Which is the meat and the veggies and then you top it with the mashed potatoes One thing I love about this dish is that it is A meal in a pan So literally all you have to do is pop it right in the oven and you will have a meal ready for dinner Don't forget to stick around till after I label these because I do have my tip of the week on Long-term food storage the last time I showed you all how I canned my carrots So if you want to check that out, you definitely can But I just went ahead and used my mnemonic label maker. You all know I love this label maker It's waterproof So it doesn't matter if these go in the freezer and I can quickly type up my instructions and everything I need to know Right on there on my ipad and then print it out and pop it right on to all of my packages Okay, at the end of my meal preps I have been including something that is either canning or some sort of long-term food prep And I'm going to be making up some very simple bread today The reason I'm sharing this bread recipe with you is because most of the stuff that goes into it is shelf stable for some period of time So you pretty much can have all of this stuff on hand at any time to make it it is just with regular white flour So it's not the healthiest version But it still doesn't have all of the added preservatives that Store-bought bread has so I am learning how to make sourdough bread and I want to master a good whole wheat bread But right now this is the one that I've learned how to make and make it successfully And I also store flour in a long-term storage bags in my food storage area And I will leave those bags linked below. They're great for storing white flour And so I always will have it on hand and you can use shortening or the traditional method for this recipe is to use lard So whether or not you like to use that it's up to you But this is something that stays on the shelf for a very long time as well You need some salt some brown sugar and of course your yeast and then some warm water I'm going to go ahead and combine everything and then I will share with you where I put this while I'm meal prepping All right because I have a dough hook attachment for my mixer This is how I've been making this bread you could do it by hand for sure But it's just simpler if you have a dough hook So you're going to take a little bit of that warm water I believe there's three and a half cups of warm water in this you want about like A half cup to dissolve the yeast in once the yeast has completely dissolved Then you add in the rest of the warm water you go ahead and you add in the brown sugar And you mix all of this together with the shortening or lard depending on which one of those two you're using And I just kind of mixed my hook around a little bit in the shortening to chop up into little pieces in the water Along with the salt and the yeast and then you just start adding flour This recipe is so easy and I feel like the more you think about it the more that You may do something wrong. Just don't think about it mix it up follow the instructions It's just that simple. So I just slowly added more and more flour as I went I didn't over mix it. Um, you definitely don't want to over mix it You don't want to overkill on your yeast and I remember as a little girl my mom making bread And this was her trick. She just threw a dish towel around it whenever you've got flour That's poofing all around so once your dough is completely combined You just want to kind of make sure it's all put together And then I love making bread whenever I'm cooking other things because it makes my kitchen warm And that's the perfect way to get your bread dough to rise So I just cover it up and I leave it on the counter until it doubles in size Once it's doubled in size like you see here You're going to literally punch down the dough until you've gotten most of the air out of it And then you'll cover it again and let it rise a second time I love this recipe because it truly is something you can have everything for And if you're going to keep around flour to make bread in case of an emergency You may want to practice making the bread so you know what you're doing if that emergency ever arises And you need to make bread yourself. So I'm using my little oil dispenser again And to be honest, I don't really care for these Glass bread pans I like the metal ones better as you're going to see when it's done baking the metal ones Literally the bread just lifts out of them Whereas with the glass ones sometimes I have to run a knife along the edge Just to get them out So I will link the metal ones if you're interested in doing this this does make four loaves of bread So once it's risen the second time All you need to do is divide your dough into four pieces and as you're going to see I'm not even putting this on The counter. This is how easy this is. I'm just grabbing blobs of it out of the mixing bowl I'm just kind of tucking it under so that it goes into a loaf And this is a little trick you want to twist your dough so that you're pulling apart the dough that way And it's easy to separate and then you just pull under The pieces as you can see to kind of give the top a more rounded look you set them into The bread pans and then you're going to cover them one more time and let them Raise again And then you want them to be about double sized before you throw them in the oven and you bake them for 30 minutes at 350 And there you go. You have bread.  Thank you guys for watching I hope that this video inspired you leave me a comment Do that always helps me out give this video a like and I'll see you all in my next video


USS San Diego deployed this week from Naval Base San Diego for an underway recovery test of NASA's Orion program crew module. The crew launched a rigid hull inflatable boat to recover the module from the Pacific and transport to the ship's well deck. This test was the first at sea recovery of the crew module. Getting to your online Navy training is now even easier. You can now access your e-learning courses directly without going to NKO. The courses through the direct link are more interactive to help entertain while you learn. You'll still need your common access card to log on to e-learning. Use the direct link to log in and access the my learning and course catalog tabs. Read more about these stories at navy.mil. From all hands update, thanks for watching.


Whitney Union approves deal. The Whitney Museum of Art has ratified its first contract with UAW Local 210, which represents about 200 employees at the cultural institution. After 16 months of negotiations, the museum and the union said Monday. The three-and-a-half-year labor agreement expands unionized workers' benefits, including raises and enhanced job security.


Alright, we got our stuff. We got very important things. We got some white streamers, some socks. Those are gonna be crucial later. What? Why? Some socks for Vanny. What? I was just out of socks. Oh. Hey guys, welcome to Rotorat. I'm the drip. I'm Alex Bamover. I'm Let's Fly RC. And I'm BubbyFTV. One of the most fun things you can do is fly with your buddies. And we're always looking for new ways to do that. And something we've done is trying different forms of combat. We've done like laser combat. Really fun and all. But like, it takes a specialty build drone. It takes a lot of setup. So we were thinking, you know, what's the way that we could do some of this dog fight combat stuff. That's a lot simpler. We thought we'd take a note from the fixed wing guys. Streamer combat! I always thought it looked really cool when I saw it. But I've never actually done it myself. But basically you stick these on a plane. You stick these on the side of the wing. You try to get each other with the propeller. Gotcha! So I've done this with airplanes. I've done wing to wing streamer combat. And it's absolutely a lot of fun. But it's actually kind of hard with the wings. Because, you know, your motor's in the back. So you have to really slice it good. So I'm curious with our quads, you know, I think we might cut our own streamers. But I think when we actually get on the tail of someone else's streamer, it's going to be super easy. I'm super excited to do this. I've never done anything with streamers. Well, it's wings are drone. So I always love a good game with some friends. We got blue streamies. We got red streamies. Then we got a bonus pack of pastels. Okay, green for Sean. Green for Sean. Blue for Vanny. I want pink. I figure we should probably like not use this whole streamer. No, no. We'll just do one dribbling. One dribbling? Yeah. Six feet. One dribbling. Will you have your own metric now? Yeah. Oh, okay. One dribbling. One battery at the end of it. The person with the longer streamer wins. I think because we're flying with quads, we got to be a little bit more careful. Because as long as you're flying this way, your streamers shouldn't go into the process. No, just do a Rubik's Cube. It'll be fine.  So, my goal is like, I'm just going to fly for the first minute, just like, whee! Yeah, just not be able to, that way they catch you. Yeah. So my strategy, I'm going to go over there, I'm going to perch on the tree until everybody else is down on the ground. Oh, because you're green. Yeah. Oh yeah, I'll blend in. Going down, Vanny. No, you're not. You're going down. That's right. I'm not. You are. To be honest, I might get on top.  Sean's going to crash into that tree. I got this. Alright, so everybody ready? Yeah. Arm your quads. Three, two, one, go. Oh, it feels way over the streamer behind us. Oh, it looks so cool. Hey, did I cut mine? Chase is someone. I don't know how everyone feels this. I think we should stay below the top of the building.  Oh, someone's streamer just ripped off. Another person's just ripped off. Who's ripped off? I don't know. It's white or orange. Green? I don't know. I'm coming. The blue streamer's still on. Yeah. I'm coming back. Oh! Thank you. I'm done. It's a pink streamer still on. Sean got me cut. I cut bit over. Sean streamer off altogether. Sean's going too fast. Sean lost. Oh, so Sean just cut me dead. I thought I got bit over. I didn't kill himself. Oh, I just took myself out. Parking garage has nothing. I had all the streamer and everything. Wait, no. I think I win. Because I have an inch left. No, I have to keep flying until the end. If I had not crashed, I would have won. Because I had my full streamer. And then you crashed. That doesn't count as anything. It's more than you got. Oh, wait. Okay. It's about the same. Sean and I tie. Wait a second. I saw most of my streamer. He didn't make it back. He was the last one that had streamed. He didn't make it back. Can you stand for it? Well, now we do. You lost. There's a certain speed you have to fly. If you fly too fast, you cut the streamer. If you fly too slow, you also cut the streamer. So you got to fly like the perfect median speed. So I think we should do a height limit. I don't think we should go above that. Yeah, no higher than tree level. It was awesome when I cut Druze. Was that yours I cut? Yeah, that's that right. You're coming towards that. No, Sean, you got me good. And then I lost mine. It was funny because I was just cruising. And then all of a sudden I just saw you go boom. And I felt like a little nick. And I'm like, you just got me. And I was like, I'm going to get him back. I'm going to get him back. And he went, boom, ripped your own streamer. I think it's pretty much an all-around tie. But if anyone really wanted to shard because he actually got a kill. I feel like there are even points for either getting a streamer and then for just finishing. The person with the longest at the end gets a point. Yeah. For any kill. That's a point. So you're motivated to get kills because you can get three points by knocking everyone else out. Right. Or only one by finish run. This doesn't count, right? This is a quality. Something you'll learn in life is that everything is a practice run and everything's for real. Wow. Alright, let's go again. Let's go. So wise. Let's go. So that's the kind of thing if your streamer gets cut. I mean, you're not like down. That's the benefit at that point. You don't have to worry about getting hit. You just go for it at that point. But that's assuming there's other streamers again. A cheating strategy would be to cut your own streamer immediately. To get points on you. Yeah, it's kind of hard to feel what are the best rules. Why not do like two and one? Two and one, yeah. Let's try. Let's try. Three. Two. One. Go. Nobody's doing this. What the heck? Someone just doesn't have a streamer. Is that a point? Is that a point? I got it right on takeoff. I agree. I'm on someone. I think, oh, Sean just lost his streamer. No. Let's go. Let's go. Oh my God. Oh, I lost my streamer. What? You lost your streamer, Kim. Have I lost mine too? Bobby's the only streamer in the air. Where is Bobby? Where is he? Bobby's the only streamer in the air. Where is he? Where is he? There he is. I'm going to get him. I'm going to get him. Hit a tree. I see him. I'm on him. 15 seconds. Nice. That was awesome. I cut his streamer. I was chasing him for so long. I saw your kill. He still has the longest streamer though. But I did get it. So he gets two points. I got Drew and I have the longest streamer. So that's three points total. I was trying to stay back when we lost and everybody else did too. I'm like, nobody's going in front of me. Yeah. So everyone had the same strategy. I was like, I'm going to wait. I'm going to watch in different places. I'm going to wait. I'm going to wait. I was just a lot. It's not what he doesn't incentivize you to like. Because that's what I was like. I'm just going to wait. I'm going to be sneaky but I'm not fired. So that's three points for you. You got a kill at the very end. It says one point for you. I did nothing. Drew's the one without points. Thank you. All right, let's go again. You were doing a good job of base. But then my battery came out like 13.6 and I was like, dude, I got it. You were in a straight line. I just went boom. This is round three. This is the lightning round. All point values are doubled. Is this the end of the game? This is the end of the game. So we're taking off in different locations this time. Oh, we don't just cut each other on takeoff. Final round. Three, two, one. Go. Bubby's down. Bro, I think I cut myself. No points for that. How do you guys do this? I can't find anyone. I haven't found anyone either. I'm just all by myself. I'm pretty sure I cut purple earlier. I don't know. Blue is like long.  Oh, who just got me? That was me. Green is super long. Dang it.  Green and blue are still up for grabs. Where are they? I keep going after them. No tip. Dang it. Who's that?  You just got aggressive and knocked out streamers. Five. I lost my streamer. I lost my streamer. Three, two, one. I think I'm going to win. I still got my streamer. Nothing. Oh, look at my streamer. Look at all that streamer. I was just like being really low in the throttle and keeping it low. Trying to just keep it real quiet so no one can hear me.  What I was trying to do was like get really close and throw it up and try to take you out. Who got yours? I don't know. You took yourself out. He got me. That's two points for you. Did you get any one? No, but I got ten. No, but you came back. That's four points for you. So I have five total. You have four. I got one. I had one before and so we're tied for five. So you guys both have equal points? Yeah. So I think we need to come up with some sort of like elimination round. Do you have that airplane? I got the airplane. Okay. We're going to put some streamers on Sean's airplane. So one point for streamer. That sounds great. Let's go, Bobby. Oh, it's so hot. Oh, no. Oh, no. I mean, I got his streamer like three or four times. I got it one time. Just keep getting it. You do? I don't know where he is. Right there. Right there. He's still winning, Bobby. Oh, he missed it. Don't hit the stream before he lands. You got like five minutes. Oh, he got nothing. Yeah. So what's that? One point for Bobby. I've gotten it. I've gotten it twice. I think I got it four times. Oh, that was such a good hit. That was such a good hit. Three for Bobby. Oh, my gosh. You're just going to comment that. Oh, he's down, though. Oh, he's not down yet. He's not down yet. I'm at four. I'm at three. He's at three. I'm re-going. He's going for it. He's going for it. What's he doing? Oh, he's going for it. Oh, my gosh. Not over there. I got it. Got it one. Oh, my gosh. He got me in the air. Yep. It's four. It's a tie unless you can get this last one. No, he didn't. Oh, my gosh. Ten. I don't have time. Eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one. Oh, you got it. Yes! It's a tie. It's a tie. It's a tie. That was so epic. When you got it, you were coming right this way. I just saw you. It was like, cut. No, yes. I can't believe the plane survived. I mean, we can fix that if you want. Dude, you're flying at the end. It was so good, man. You were going through all this stuff. I can't believe those gaps you were hitting. I know. And I was like, bro, I don't know how he's doing it. Dude, what happened when you clipped the plane or the tree? No, I hit the plane. It just fell from the air. Oh, wait. So your phone plane took out a drone. Yes! That's surprising. I think we'll call Bubby the winner. You got equal points. I mean, he landed. He brought it back. He landed. It was a great game, guys. And really, everyone won except me. I got no points. I got nothing. Leave a comment. Who thinks Drew's the winner and the... No one. No one. Everyone's going to be like, no points for Gryffindor. Drew and Spell.


Hey, my name is Lieutenant General Ted Martin and I'm here on Red Cloud Range with the world famous 30th Infantry Division, the Rock of the Marne. I'd like to give a shout out to all the Marne soldiers here. You are in the most powerful division in the United States Army. It's an honor to come here today to fire up one of these big, bad M18270 free tanks. You've got the best job and welcome you to come here. Think about it. 19 kilo M1 tanker. We don't know what's going to happen tomorrow, but we know that you're ready and you can put it all together on a battlefield because it's us against the world, folks. That's just the bottom line and it hasn't changed since I started in 1983. And I know when I go home and I talk to the great American public, I'm going to be telling them you better have confidence in the United States Army because it is awesome. Thank you for serving your country and thank you for families supporting it.   So the description reads, Lieutenant General Ted Martin, thank you for your service to the Armour Corps and our nation, speeding power. And each side of our coin framing that inscription, sir. And because I know that as a Lieutenant General, you haven't been given enough stuff, a Panther belt buckle, sir.