Hello and welcome to NewsClick, this program with Real News. We have with us former managing director general of ADB Rajat Nag and we will discuss the BRICS Summit. Rajat, the BRICS Bank and the Asia Infrastructure Bank were supposed to be challenges to the IMF and the World Bank. Particularly, the Asia Infrastructure Bank was supposed to fund a lot of infrastructure projects, which otherwise the World Bank was funding and this was supposed to also put forward a different economic model of how infrastructure should be developed. Do you think it has made a change or do you think it is exactly following the World Bank pattern? I think that the AIIB or the NDB were formed for a very different reason than the one you mentioned. It is true that one could argue that they were there to provide additional funding for infrastructure, different funding, etc. But the fundamental reason was that the governance of the Bretton Woods Institutions was totally out of sync with the reality, with the emerging economies now much more important, much more powerful than the reflection they had at the Bretton Woods Institutions. For example, the Bretton Woods Institutions, the voting was in the hands of essentially the older economists. Exactly. And for example, Belgium or Luxembourg had a higher voting percentage in IMF than Brazil, for example. Luxembourg, Luxembourg. I mean, that's almost a state of sensibility. But I think, though, to be fair, the IMF was trying some reforms and the World Bank was trying some reforms and some reforms have happened, but basically countries like China and India were not given the due place at the table. So the formation of the BRICS Bank or formation for the BRICS for that matter or the AIB was basically a statement by these emerging economies that, look, if you're not going to give us a place at the table, then we'll not only create our own table, we'll actually create our own kitchen. So the AIB, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, was really a reflection of China's understandable growing impatience with the existing institutions such as the World Bank or the IMF. The NDB or the BRICS Bank was essentially, again, a reflection of that, that China and India, Brazil, Russia, they had very little in common, but they certainly had a common focus that they were not getting the due they deserved or the fail they deserved at the Bretton News Institution, including, I would say, at the regional institutions such as the Asian Development Bank. So that was the reason they were set up, but it is also true that it was expected that the AIIB and the NDB would fund infrastructure in Asia for NDB's case and also for AIB's case, because the demand for infrastructure is huge. Now, to that extent, I think those institutions, it's too early to tell. Certainly AIIB has already approved four loans for infrastructure in Asia. They are following essentially the similar principles of due diligence, environmental safeguards, social safeguards as the Asian Development Bank or the World Bank, but since they are new, they're probably a bit more nimble. Two other issues that come up. One is the terms on which they borrow. Do they actually end up by shorting up the dollar as the global reserve currency? Is it going to make a change in that? That's one set of questions. Other is China had a lot of money, essentially reserves. And using that to expand the infrastructure was also argued. It's also argued that it's a means of expanding the Chinese reach outside their countries and of their companies outside their countries. Do you think there's an element of truth in this? I think there is certainly definitely an element of truth in that. I think, again, taking a slightly larger picture stepping back, China has very assiduously pursued in recent years this one belt, one road philosophy. Now, it depends on who you talk to. If you talk to people in China, they would argue that the one belt, one road, by the way, they have now dropped one from the belt and road, belt road initiative, is not a way to encircle, as it were, Asia. But it's really a manifestation of greater regional cooperation, greater connectivity, et cetera. I'd like to add one element to this, which is not commonly known, that today 90% of global trade is maritime trade. Now, say if you take 300 years back, the most of the global trade in the Eurasian landmass was really road, essentially land trade. So in a certain sense, it is trying to reverse the global dominance of what I would call the maritime powers, which came up with the 17th, 18th, 19th century colonial powers, essentially, and what China, therefore, has, I think, very cleverly done, talked about the maritime route as well. So the belt is really the sea belt, and the road is the old silk road, which they're trying to put in place. But still centered around the Eurasian landmass, being stretched to Africa. And to Europe on the west. But the Chinese then not only put this sort of framework in place, they actually put money behind it, i.e. they put the AIIB in place. And the AIIB, though it is definitely a multilateral institution, it now has got more than 40 member countries. It'll expand to about 60 in the next few years. I'm sure Canada is the most recent country to have applied to join AIIB, the first North American country. But the AIIB is definitely a means for China in a multilateral setting to finance infrastructure. The BRICS Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, was done also for that purpose. But I have to say the rationale and the raison d'etre for the BRICS Bank suddenly seemed to have got a bit diluted, if not confused, by the arrival of AIIB. Now one or the other certainly made sense. The BRICS Bank, I think, has more of a challenge. Who does it lend to? It has lent to Russia, for example. Does Russia need funding from another institution for infrastructure development issues to be discussed? But AIIB certainly has a much clearer mandate infrastructure in Asia, of which there is a huge need. And even with the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank putting a lot of money for infrastructure in Asia, still the needs are huge. And on top of that, the AIIB will obviously be able to mobilize funds from its owners, plus in the international capital market. So it's a much larger game plan that China is putting in place. So AIIB is also connected to the Belt Road Initiative, as you were saying, and the fact that the Asia needs infrastructure and funding for that ADB alone or other financial institutions were not enough. And China has surplus reserves at the moment, which it can use. But the other challenge, which perhaps the BRICS Bank could have played a bigger role, was essentially the financial structure of the world in which IMF still sort of sets the, shall we say, the basic policies in place. And the dollar is being the underpinning of global currency. Do you see that BRICS Bank, in any sense, could challenge that, or at the moment it seems? I think the BRICS Bank, I don't think, was intended to. And certainly, their emphasis at the moment very clearly also is on infrastructure and sustainable development. So both BRICS Bank and AIIB are focused on projects, particularly in infrastructure space. The two institutions are not getting into any of the macroeconomic, macro-financial, macro-monetary issues. Then what would it be in terms of the macro-financial structure? That means that it is really not going to challenge the global hegemony, which at the moment IMF still really enjoys. Two points here. One is China's growing importance in the world economy and India's as well will start to get reflected in the IMF structure. I mean, the Chinese Yuan is now part of the SDR. India is not far from it. But still, both India and China now do have greater voice in IMF. But I think IMF will continue to be the global institution. Now, within IMF, how the structure will change, and it's certainly changing very glacially, will have to wait the test of time. You might remember during the Asian financial crisis, 97, 98, Japan certainly tried and floated the idea of an Asian monetary fund as a counterbalance to the IMF. The Americans were deadly against it. IMF was deadly against it. And nothing really came off it. However, coming out of the Asian financial crisis, there were certain mechanisms put in place through the Asian Development Bank and the governments of Japan, China, and Korea. Something called the Chiang Mai Initiative basically creates some sort of a regional monetary surveillance framework. So some things were done. But nothing to compete or challenge, as you say, the global supremacy of the IMF. You talked about changes within the IMF. In 2008, 2009, there were certain promises made. And both China and India seem to have felt that they're going to get a bigger space. That really hasn't happened. It has happened, but slowly. And the US Congress, even after the US administration had proposed it, US Congress in a bulked at it. And ultimately, some of those have been approved by Congress, but many of them haven't. And I think this is the major challenge. And as I was saying earlier, the reason institutions such as AIIB and the NDB were formed was a frustration and very understandable frustration on the part of the emerging countries like China and India saying the global economic structure controlled from the better notes institutions is not reflecting reality. I'm afraid IMF realizes that. But the powers that be, i.e. Europe and the US, are still reluctant to let that power go. Do you think, for instance, Brazil, which was one of the really movers of BRICS, and that's why you have the B over there right in the beginning. It started with Ipsa, and then it also involved BRICS. Do you think that the fact that we have recently a coup, what is called the constitutional coup in Brazil, and Timber is very much in the American camp, do you think Brazil, sort of, if it weakens, this will also weaken the BRICS in the edits? Shall we say, unstated confrontation with the economic institution that we are talking about? You know, I think one should perhaps even think of why BRICS to begin with. The idea was emerging economies, and these sort of Brazil, Russia, China, India, then South Africa seem to be more or less in the same ballpark. But actually now, even within BRICS is a huge diversity. China and India, even though they're slowing down, and very understandable slowing down in China, even so, China and India are growing at about 7, 7.5%, slightly under 7% for China, 7% plus for India. Brazil and Russia, on the other hand, are seeing contraction in their economy about 4%, minus 4%, minus 3.8 or so. South Africa growing at about 1%. So the common elements within these five even is difficult to see, exacerbated by what you just said. So quite frankly, I do not know what the future is for BRICS. I mean, the elements which we're holding them together seem to be fraying at the edges. Thank you very much, Rajat, to be with us. And again, we will follow up these issues with you as and when they take place, particularly the BRICS summit. This is all the time we have today for NewsClick. Please keep watching NewsClick for further episodes.


Welcome to Sheboygan County government working for you. I'm Dan Lamy who co-host of our monthly show with Adam Piener, our administrative coordinator and we tried to bring you the services and Departments that are offered to us as county taxpayers and residents of Sheboygan County and Each month we try to focus on one department this month We have Anne Wundergem director of health and human services with us. We're gonna focus on health and human services We have 23 departments. We've just finished our budgets and and I've noticed that of the 23 Departments health and human services has our largest budget 35 the lower 35 million So you have a fairly large department a lot of employees and that's what we're gonna focus on today But as we start and why don't you give us a little background about yourself and your involvement with Sheboygan County? Great well, I've been with Sheboygan County approximately 20 years and a number of capacities I started out at the Comprehensive Health Care Center as their volunteer coordinator and Activity coordinator from there I worked under contract with Sheboygan County within the social services department And I did grant writing and program planning for the county and then in 1986 was hired on as a social work supervisor From there became the division manager of social services and in June of this year Was hired as the director of the health and human services department And the health and human services department one of the things we tried to do in the last couple years is have a mission statement A vision statement for our different apartments Could you just fill us in a little bit about the mission and of the department and responsibilities of the health and human services department? I can do that our official mission statement I should say is to improve the life and self-sufficiency for Sheboygan County residents What we unofficially say is we provide services to Sheboygan County residents womb to tomb Basically because our services are there prenatally as you and I had talked about earlier But we also assist people after death in terms of what their burial costs and everything else in between And maybe you could tell just a little bit about the department I realize it's a large department So you can't tell us who's all working in your department But just a little bit about the number of employees and I know it's it's split up in the divisions Just a little of the makeup of the department I can do that and I'll try to keep it for you Dan We do have other things to cover today We recently moved to five divisions within the department based on my recommendation to the full county board to better Manage and provide those services. I'll try to do it alphabetically if I remember it that way We do have the division on aging and primarily they provide services to people who are elderly through Transportation benefit advocacy services. We also have the meal sites throughout the county that are run by that division And we provide support groups For individuals who are trying to care for people who are elderly or have a dementia such as Alzheimer's I'm learning a lot more about that division and as I said on December 13th I'm going to take a ride on one of the handy-care buses to see firsthand how the services are offered there in Our division of community programs. Oh, and I should mention Jim McCabe is our division manager of that division So if anybody ever has any questions, that's who they should contact And they're located in the annex building, which is the former Baxter's building if anybody needs to know the location Our division of community programs is headed by Joan Ketterman, and she's a recent hire also when Brian Bush now retired They provide services to individuals who have developmental disabilities Issues with alcohol or other drugs and mental health Joan's been quite busy because we've been doing the IMD study with the health care centers and have made our Recommendation to the board so she's been working diligently on building community capacity in terms of services for people with mental health issues those services also include Long-term support services through the community options program community integration program Those services are located in the annex in terms of better coordinating services with the division on aging And provide services to help people stay in the community in their own home if possible But otherwise alternative living arrangements such as community-based residential facilities and adult family homes So those services are located not only in the annex, but in our main building in terms of our outpatient clinic and our community support program We also have economic support w2, and that's the most recent division that I referred to and Liz Malak is our current division manager for that division and she started in September for us Previously had been an economic support supervisor, so we're pleased with that our economic support w2 division is located in their job center location out on Wilgus Avenue and They do not only the Wisconsin works w2 program in terms of employment and training But determine eligibility for food stamps medical assistance and a number of other financial assistance programs to help low-income people They're also responsible for child care certification and payments to help people afford child care to keep them employed So again going back to our self-sufficiency We have public health and right now is the flu season So we strongly recommend that everyone get their flu shot There's already three confirmed cases statewide and Dale wanted to make sure I mentioned that Dale hip and steel is our division manager for that program Public health services are located in our main building on North A Street But they also do outreach clinics in Plymouth and other areas of the county They do school nursing services immunization the women infant and child WIC program They've been very busy with health screening nutrition education and took part most recently with the bioterrorism Effects Nationwide and most recently we started the hotel restaurant inspection program So that's some of their responsibilities and last but not least is the division of social services and Marty Bonk who Replaced me as division manager back in July Now has responsibility for all child protective services, which is all the child abuse neglect all juvenile justice services Which includes those youth who end up having problems in the community? anything from serious crimes arm robbery burglary car theft to such things as truancy Which are a lesser offense are called a juvenile and need a protection or services type of offense They do anything from the initial assessment to determine whether or not we have jurisdiction All the way to providing ongoing services for children and families Including incarceration at the juvenile correctional facility For boys that's in Irma, Wisconsin and for girls that's at Southern Oaks. I Just think you covered everything for our next show next month How many employees Approximately do you have in your department if I was ever at full staff? We'd probably have about 206 full-time equivalency employees the 200 about 200 correct and With all these services that you provide How does a resident or some of the fields they want to access these services? How would they do that a number of ways we do have one main number that a receptionist can direct you at least to the Right place if you can give her some idea of what you're looking for and that's four five nine six four zero zero You can also walk in so as I explained before we have the three locations And if you need services in terms of support related to aging or a disability the annex Which is the Baxter building or our main building on North 8th or the Job Center? So I recommend if they really don't know just call four five nine six four hundred And I imagine some people have already figured out how to access those services absolutely Approximately how many Residents are availing themselves of your services at present time I did a quick calculation based on our annual report because we don't have an overall Information base and it's over 30,000 annually between everything we provide that includes individuals who are adults and includes children It includes families Those aren't duplicate numbers to the best of my knowledge They shouldn't be but there could be some again because we don't have a database that sorts it out by person So 25 to 30 percent of the residents are in county or our clients of health At one point or another yes Fairly significant very significant. That's probably why your department is the largest correct just budgeted department in our Connie government and you had talked about that earlier Dan and our budget is over 35 million But of that we receive state revenue that is almost 24 million dollars And that comes not only from the state but but other areas our tax levy is just around 12 million for the department I didn't mean to Really do have a large share of it. The other thing I think people don't realize is because we determine eligibility for food stamps and medical assistance Individuals who are determined eligible receive What's now a card? It's not even food stamps anymore in terms of a stamp that you turn in or a medical assistance card That generates 30 million dollars worth the revenue for the county annually just in terms of medical assistance going into Individuals who would see their community health care provider money going into the health care centers or private nursing that's not money That's directly in your budget. That's not in our budget, but it's revenue. That's brought into the county you mentioned earlier in the public health area that you have this new program for Restaurant and hotel inspections. Did you just describe seeing it is a new service or a new program if you could describe that a little bit Well, I even went out with the restaurant inspector during the county fair time just to see what happened But in talking to Dale and Bruce Cress who is our restaurant inspector since June of this year They've already completed 284 inspections and that includes restaurants pools camps vending machines and also temporary services The Mung Festival the Hispanic fast broad days all those require an inspection also The real key when I've talked to Bruce is education. We're not there to cite Festivals or to cite restaurants that type of thing. We want to work with them The real key that I found out at the county fair is hand-washing So many people fail to realize that you need to wash your hands on a frequent basis And probably the biggest violation is not having a sink close enough to where you have your food preparation area That people have adequate access to the hand-washing facilities He's also done some training sessions and continues to do that in terms of Temporary event people coming in to get a couple hours worth of training and we try to do that in group work But the response has been very very positive to that program and prior to this program. There wasn't a lot of Inspections being done on a regular basis The number of inspections done by the state was significantly less than what we're able to provide and the key component That was missing was that educational component So we're seeing in a real improvement. The other nice thing is when a new restaurant is opening up They're working with Bruce so when they're designing the building he can review the construction plans It makes a big difference. We can prevent some problems from occurring right up front So hopefully as we as we go to the restaurants and and the eating establishments throughout the county We should feel a little more comfortable that were Definitely more comfortable that at least their inspections going on one of the other things that Again related to the same health department That we've seen in the news a lot lately since Since the terrorist attacks and and the problem of anthrax What is your department's involvement with that locally? Okay? One of the key things I want to point out as many times they say call your public health department If you have a suspicious package, you really need to contact your law enforcement agency first And we coordinate with law enforcement in terms of if they determine that it's a legitimate threat We will work closely with them in terms of contacting the state department so that we can have the appropriate testing done We had a very active role even prior to September 11th in terms of some tabletop exercise planning for Bioterrorism and public health definitely any health hazard that would come about Even if it's not through a bioterrorism would be something that we become involved in doing an assessment A good example is a foodborne outbreak. We have public health staff that would interview people work with the testing Do follow-up and assess and try to locate the cause of that So our role is more looking at the health aspects whether it's bioterrorism or anything else and working closely with our local law enforcement And has Matt team So if there's an initial concern on an item or something in that regard the first cause should be to law enforcement Correct and then they can right if they just have a question regarding You know, what are the symptoms we would be able to provide information regarding that But if it's actually a letter or package that came law enforcement is a person's first step Thank you And maybe in a more general term now you could just Tell us about some of the challenges that you and your department face I'd like to tell you money because it's always money and it is and that is a key issue But it's it's something that we've worked diligently to look at Not division by division but as an overall department And we're we're trying to do that Our concern right now is the economy is on a decline and of course whenever that occurs There's a greater need for our service. I was talking to Emily Atomovich who works in public health yesterday And they've seen an increase in people coming in to seek services in terms of immunizations and The wick program the women infant and children and we see that throughout the department whenever we have that And of course, that's the time when money is least available um We also Really have a problem in the state providing mandates to the county Especially our department and then not providing the funding and one example that we've worked diligently with the state legislators on Is the increase in correctional costs? It's going up 14 percent in the state budget over the biennium That means about a hundred thousand dollars annually cost increase to sheboygan county at the same time They're giving us about seven to ten thousand dollars to offset that thousand dollars So that means we need to really make good decisions on what we cut back on because we can't ask for extra money So that's another one cultural competency We have a diverse population throughout sheboygan county And recruiting and and obtaining staff that can not only deal with language issues But take it within the context of a culture becomes very very important for our department Especially when you're looking at child protective services issues. You need to put that in a cultural context um real need For the county and i'm not talking county government, but i'm talking agencies and companies and the private sector To become involved in prevention efforts, whether it be through employee assistance programs or whatever Those are the services that we always cut back on when financial times get tight And whenever you cut back on that you run the risk of two three five ten years down the road Seeing an increase in numbers because you're not able to do that So we definitely try to work with the private sector in terms of let us work with You know people who truly need government provided services and try to focus their efforts more on the prevention early intervention um Lastly, uh, we're always looking for volunteers For volunteers to supervise visits drivers foster parents Um, we really need the community support and community knowledge of what we do. I think there's a real lack of understanding out there Well the temperatures are quickly dropping and the holiday seasons upon us I'm living proof that the the cold and flu season is also here What are some of the special programs that the the department is administering this time of year? Okay The key one I want to talk about and it's been in the shabuagan press because it is a cooperative effort between the shabuagan press And division on aging is share the spirit And that particular program is for people who are elderly or have developmental disabilities They can be residing in the community or in a nursing home And in november judy leinzi who coordinates that program gets letters out throughout the county People submit names along with ideas of what someone would like and I called judy yesterday and said can you give me an example? She said oh, there's so many here that she's sorting through she couldn't But it can be anything from a pair of slippers that someone requests All the way up to televisions. I've seen sometimes it's a need for a person that they would like to get out to a beauty shop Or have that paid for within the healthcare facility where petitions come in So we work closely with them in matching that And the other nice thing about it is you don't need to actually Pick a person and say you will do that for them We can take a monetary contribution and then when we have enough money We can actually do that on behalf of whoever does that donation and purchase that Although that program is primarily a christmas seasonal program There have been times especially during the summer when it becomes very very hot That we have elderly people in need of air conditioning And judy has been able to purchase that when there is a real medical need for that person to have it Last year it was about seven thousand dollars that was raised for that program and Truly shows how sheboyton county residents do support that And we appreciate their efforts also And there's also a number of other programs. Could you touch on a couple of other? You're right christmas is upon us We run through our volunteer services person pat priggie Along with the help of sue kufas and sandy wagner. We accept donations There are certain people that for some reason truly want to give to families our department serves And want to make sure that's where it goes We have organizations We have individuals families who actually donate food toys clothing And then what we do is the workers can come up and select a limited amount So that if they have a family with five children who's part of our system It might be one or two toys for each of the children or a toy in a piece of clothing And then we also try to do the food baskets We had 37 food baskets that were distributed at Thanksgiving And right now we only have um two baskets donated for christmas. So that's going to be a definite need And those are all done through local groups the jc's ebony ebony's or church One of the local bargaining groups 24 27 And then pat lives out in the hunter glenn subdivision and for some reason they've taken us as their pet project And throughout the holiday season they do little rounds in the subdivision and come up with donations for our families So um, we've been very very thankful for that If anybody is interested and I have to look down to get the phone number correctly Pat pre can be contacted at 459-4047 And if you're willing to donate or become involved in any of our volunteer efforts pat is the person to contact Now she only does volunteer work part-time. She does social work the other part of the time As part of our budget Conservative or conserving our budget efforts, but she'd be more than willing to work With any group that would be interested in doing that. I'll stand. Why don't you repeat that number? Okay pat's number again 459-4047 And with the cold weather what other programs become paramount this time of year, you know adam you and I talked about this Yesterday i'm going to look at my notes because they change the terms for our programs so often that I want to make sure I do this correctly Through the economic support unit we have the wisconsin home energy assistance program And that is a program to help low-income people with their energy costs Program starts in october of every year runs through may And um when you get your um energy bill you'll usually you see a little line item on there and and that little Kind of a couple cents that goes every month off your energy bill goes to fund this program Statewide what happened is last year the number of people needing that assistance increased more than they had anticipated So they have the same amount of money available this year and I just found out this morning A little additional money came from the feds. Fortunately last year the average grant given to a household Was 472 dollars And that's a one time. It's not monthly. It's just a one time payment This year they're projecting the average to be 372 dollars So it's about a hundred dollar reduction This is just people who are elderly who are on fixed incomes as well as families The nice feature of that program is when people come in and they're determined to be eligible If their energy bill seems high for the type of home or apartment What we take a look at is referring them to partners in terms of an energy assessment and working on Are they eligible for some home improvements to assist with energy conservation? If anybody out there is interested in that program I have a phone number along for that one also And they would call the job center directly and we send out an application in many cases They may not even need to come in in some cases. They will need to come in to call to get an application You call 208 5946 And i'll do that one more time 208 5946 We're covering some important programs for this time of the year One of the things folks have heard about and I know you've encouraged me to do is get my flu shot Absolutely Is the department geared up for flu shots and if so, where do people go? Okay For county employees, you come to the public health department on third floor and we will make sure you get the square needle Adam we've already decided that appreciate that when you finally get in And I thought I thought the nurse was waiting in the laser to administer it. That's about it We had talked about that but because adam is showing the signs of having a cold It's not good for him to get that until he's gotten over those symptoms, but It's painless. I had mine the other day and it went quite well Anybody else would go to one of the flu sites The home health care agencies are running those throughout the county If we were doing that we would charge the same rate as they're charging So they are much more accessible to the general public For people that are in a higher risk condition public health is also recommending they get the pneumonia shot And they gave me the medical term but just go with pneumonia shot. That's what people should get It is important again. There at least are three cases statewide I'm not the medical expert, but the nurses said that The strain this year is pretty serious and it's a good idea to get that flu shot The papers have been published in that schedule And if you really need to know one of the dates or times you can call That four five nine six four hundred number and Ask for public health and they can even give you the schedule over the phone Now thus far our viewers have gotten a lot of information one of the large the largest county department Approximately 200 staff. We've only touched on a handful of the programs. There's so much going on Touching 25 30 percent of the constituents in Sheboygan county on an annual basis How can people get involved to help the department to reach out and help their fellow neighbor? I remember giving a presentation about a year ago at this time and I said one of the things is All of us come in contact with children Through our own families through neighbors through our volunteer work The key to me is children need a mentor a positive role model Um, it's easy to identify at-risk children I think any one of us see it when my children were younger It was easy to spot those children coming to visit that there were some Behaviors that indicated that they they needed something So the key you can do in your own personal life out there is mentor a child that you believe could use some support Do that on your own time in terms of our actual department Volunteer drivers. We need volunteers to supervise visits Foster parents adult family home providers And if anybody is interested in any of that we have staff available to talk to you about what that means Maybe you are in a community group and you would like one of our staff to come and present More information about a specific aspect of our our department and we'd be happy to do that also Outstanding and thank you. Thank you And you've been with the county for 20 years. Yes, I have You've been director for it's almost six months now. It's almost your sixth month anniversary Maybe with a couple minutes that we have left you could just Fill us in on some of the goals that you have for the future and some of the things you like to accomplish in the department Getting my house decorated for Christmas would be nice, but I know that's not what you're asking There are many many things going on in terms of the department The real positive aspect that I have found is the energy and enthusiasm of the staff Based on our budget experience I have challenged them to participate in a strategic planning process beginning in February So we can better prepare for next year's budget process Looking at how we can better coordinate services within our own department and also with community agencies After nine years, we are finally going to be implementing wassakwas the wisconsin statewide child welfare information system and marty bonk has definitely been challenged with that and I've been working with him on that As you're aware, we're working closely with the health care centers on the imd designation and building capacity to Serve people in a different way and we'll coordinate that until the relocation of comprehensive residents to the rocky null center And one last thing that I want to do while you're both here Is we received these as a donation. We have 200 copies It's christmas favorites non-alcoholic drinks and its compliments of our department and encompass Encompass paid for the printing. We have these available At our job center location at our department and I have a copy for each of you In terms of preparing for the holiday season And it's nice to know that this was not done with that's correct. It was taxpayers funding a good example of private Public sector partnership, and that's what we really are trying to work towards And it's one of my primary goals We've done that in social services over the years with friendship house hard side Shelter care and land some of our group care facilities for children And in fact steve hailing from friendship house when we were working on the budget Submitted his original budget and they went back to review it And found that they could save some money and called me up and he said and you can take I can't remember It was like $5,000 that we won't need we've been able to do some re-arranging So we do try to work with people in the community in terms of how we can best manage the money great Well, thank you, Anne. Thank you both. We we crammed a lot of information into this half hour But I think it's beneficial and and good for the community to know what your department's doing next month We're running out of departments. We've been doing this show for almost two years now We're running out of departments, but next month we're going to have terry burk our family court commissioner with us And he's going to explain a little bit about The work that he does in that department and and the intake court and those types of things So so next month I look forward to terry burk and and we thank our viewers for listening


Hi, my name is Vidhika and I'm an actress based out of California and today I am going to grab all of these self-tape auditions I have done in the last year or so and put them together into a reel. And this is for a couple of reasons. I do want to update my reel to what I look like now because my hair has gotten a lot longer since, you know, the last reel that I updated or the last reel that I published. One, I want to show you that you can make a reel off of acting clips that you have filmed at home. And two, I want a reel that's more updated that actually looks like me. I have been working on some projects recently that I am going to put on my actual reel that I'm going to send out to people. But who knows, this one might turn out good. And especially because of the pandemic, a lot of people are more open to getting things that were filmed at home. So I'm going to look through all of the self-tapes that I have been doing and that I have done in the last year or so and see which ones are good and then put them together into a short acting reel. Some of them I know are NDA. So of course, I'm not going to use those, especially because some of those shows haven't come out yet. They're still filming. So I'm going to grab all of the things that I can and put them in that reel to also show you that you can do this, especially if you're a beginner and don't necessarily have anything or maybe if you have been doing a lot of theater and are transitioning more on camera, then you can create a reel at home. And if it turns out good, then I'm definitely going to use it to submit to different jobs and maybe even representation. But I'm going to see if there's anything that's good enough that I think is good enough to show, to reflect my abilities in acting. And then once I get all the footage that I've been working on recently, then I will update an actual acting reel that I'm going to use. The obstacles that I think I might run into are my reader, like, you know, editing my reader in the reel, because most of the time, I would say like 99.9% of the time my boyfriend who is not an actor is my reader. So I'm also going to have to work around that. Usually he's a pretty good reader, but I don't want the reader section part to distract from my acting. So I'm going to do my best to be able to edit around that so everything sounds good. But obviously, it's going to look like I'm editing my self tape auditions because for all of them, I'm going to probably have my gray backdrop. So it's going to look like a self tape audition, but at least hopefully you'll be able to tell, you know, my abilities in acting. Okay, so I'm going to go edit my reel now and then show it to you all. Is this a line for lottery tickets?  What did you think this was a line for pretzel dogs? There is no reintroduction is there. So we're all going to build products for a huge corporation until we die down here. Do you know that we're all here against our will? The law is the law. But they tell everyone that we're dead. I can't be having this conversation. Help me get out of here, doc. Please. My nurse and I are the only ones allowed in and out of this room. Nothing. Don't worry. Look. They're leaving. Meditate. Do yoga. Relax. Call your friends. Hang out with them tonight. Okay. Good luck. Let me know what you thought about the reel and if you ended up making a reel out of all of your self tapes and at the end of every video I feature another channel. This is today's feature. If you would like to be featured on my next video, make sure you're subscribed, like this video and leave me a comment.


Namaste and welcome back to the video course on Water Shed Management. In module number 5 on Socioeconomic Aspects of Water Shed Management in lecture number 21, today we will discuss integrated developments, water registration and implementation issues. So, here in this lecture some of the topics covered includes integrated watershed developments, water management policy, water registration, national water policy, watershed plans and appraisal and implementation issues. Some of the key words for today's lecture include integrated developments, water registration and watershed plans. So, as we discussed earlier this integrated water resource development and management is one of the important topic nowadays in the agenda of many of the countries all over the world. So, it is not simply a development of a watershed, but we have to see the overall developments of the various resources within the watersheds and the people and by giving emphasis on the social achievements of the people. So, that is the essence of integrated watershed developments and management. So, that way as we discussed earlier also IWRDM or integrated watershed development and management is an effective means for conservation and development of land, water resources and other type of resources within the watershed. So, by giving an emphasis on the overall developments of the people and overall the system. So, that way IWRDM integrates the socio-cultural, economic, bio-physical and technological aspects of developments within the watershed. So, that way it is not simply a development of some system like Chekdam or the say some of the development of land or water, but it is the holistic developments within the watershed. So, there are number of concerns as far as IWRDM or integrated watershed development and management is concerned. So, some of these are listed here IWRDM the major concern is the improvement of the livelihoods of local communities on a sustainable basis. So, we can see that most of the time the watershed will get deteriorated due to the human influence in a negative way. So, to make it in a positive way and then if sufficient livelihoods are available for the local people, then there will not be a deterioration to the watershed and then appropriate development will take place. So, that way IWRDM requires balancing economic needs and expectations with environmental concerns. So, that we can avoid degradation of the natural resource base in particular soil and water components. So, that way in an IWRDM framework, so we have to see the overall developments in an environmental friendly way, in an ecological friendly way and also so that the total development of the people of the flora and fauna and everything takes place. So, that way of course, as we discussed in the previous lectures also community participation is very important in the case of IWRDM. And so that is say whenever some intervention takes place within the watershed say for few years. So, the effects will be long term and this long term sustainability should be there and so that way things can be better in a better way adopted. So, IWRDM with community participation is the main emphasis of the development aspects as far as the development in a particular watershed is concerned. So, that way the key words of IWRDM include sustainability, efficient use of local resources and indigenous knowledge. So, whatever say the various things within a watershed varies from one watershed to another watershed. So, as we discussed there is no commonality between the various things within a from one watershed to another watershed. So, that way we have to see that we use indigenous technologies we use we we are meeting when we are going for watershed management plans we meet with the local needs and the aspirations of the people are met. So, that way we have to plan the development as far as a watershed within the framework of integrated watershed development and management. So, as I mentioned also earlier. So, finally, what we are looking for improved quality of life of the people and then ecological improvements and environmental sustainability. So, when we consider the watershed development within the perspective of integrated water resource management or IWRDM so, we can see that say the watershed which is the area. So, that way the various natural resources like a land, then water, forest etcetera. So, these are all the natural resources. Then human resources so, human influence should be in a positive way. So, we are when we develop say watershed development plans or watershed management projects. So, we have to see that all these influence are in a positive way. So, human resources we have to and the natural resource come together. And then that way depending upon the the area depending upon the watershed. So, we have to see that various institutions and communities coming together for the development. So, that way we have to develop the village institutions and so, that we can ensure community participation. And then say within this perspective by considering the natural resources, human resources and then the village institutions we have to develop say capacity building to be taken place. And then so, that for all these things support like financial support, economical support and all other things should come from various sources from governments and other agencies. So, when we say consider the development activities within a watershed. So, like say water is concerned we can go for water harvesting or development of the lifting irrigation schemes and then land is concerned land development for say better agriculture like water and soil conservation activities. Then the forest is concerned we can go for a further a forest station activities. And then say we have to manage the forest in such a way that to the forest say various components within the forest is not degraded. So, that way we have to look into joint forest management. And then we have to see the community support services. So, as I mentioned it is not only simply the area and resources, but within the for the people. So, overall development should take place. So, whatever like educational help or the the medical or the other kinds of social activities all those community support services should be there. And then infrastructure and energy services should also coming to picture. So, like that road development or the development of ponds development of various say senders for leisure and all other things should be developed. And then energy needs of the people. So, that is another important aspects within the perspective of watershed management, immediate watershed management development. So, there the sufficient energy sources are not there then people will be say going to the forest and collecting the wood. So, that way the forest degradation will take place. So, all those things should come together. And then say like once this say the various schemes are implemented then there will be in on farm employment then like agricultural activities will be enhanced and more activities will take place. So, that the employment opportunities will be improved. And then off farm employment like various other direct and indirect type of other employment will be developed within the area. And then economical development will be taking place since more income will be there to the people more water will be available more land will be developed for agricultural activities. So, overall the economical development will be taking place and then once the economical development takes place people will be in say families will send their children to the school and women will get sufficient time for all other activities since they do not have to take water from far away places for their daily needs. So, that way when we look into all these things when taking place within the perspective of integrated watershed development and management. So, final output will be improved quality of life and social upliftments within the watershed in a very environmental friendly way. And with a very positive ecological development will takes place. So, this is the this is a typical framework for IWRDM or integrated watershed development and management which we can practice in many areas and in many successful cases if we analyze what has happened. So, that we can see that most of time the implementation agencies are taking the IWRDM or IWRDM, integrated watershed development and management perspective is taken care and then the projects all were in a success. So, that way we can see. So, when we are looking for this kinds of development IWRDM perspective we have to consider. So, that way we can see that integrated development or integrated water resource development and management people participation is very essential. So, that way say typical block diagram is given here. So, like say there can be groups of villages. So, we say may be up to 10 to 15 villages can come together. So, that they are the volunteers to implement the schemes and then watershed development committees can be formed for the particular local watershed. And then say these committees can form various group like water usage group, then self help group, then human thrift and credit group. So, like that various groups can be formed and then community organization organizer can take the lead role and then liaison between the various groups. And then say what are the development taking place that can be reported and then also say the community organizer can be can be act as a front advisor, guide or facilitator for various village volunteers or committees and then say they can have various schemes can be organized within the watershed development schemes and then say through the available funds say payment and other things can be done. And then the watershed activities can be taken within a very organized way by studying the technical feasibility and then say the budget estimate can be obtained through various means from government or other agencies and then further implementation through the committees or through the volunteers can be done. So, this shows how effective people participation can take place within the perspective of integrated water resource development and management and so that the projects will be a success. So, that way we have to coordinate so we have to first organize various committees various groups within the watershed and then the organizer has to play a role of liasoning between these committees or groups to implement various schemes watershed development schemes and then maintain it and then sustain it. So, that way when we are developing a watershed or water management policy we have to look into various aspects like supply side management. So, that way how much water can be supplied say for example, if we consider water source or we can consider any other type of resource. So, that we have to consider various technical measures how much water can be obtained say once a checker arm is made or once a borehole or bore well is initiated so that way we have to see. And then we have to see demand side management like the say how much water is required for domestic needs agricultural purposes or various other means and then we have to see the various financial aspects and then various policy based measures we have to look into when we look into the overall water management policies. And then most of the time we have to focus on policy based measures for water source management. So, we should have a clear cut policy either on the side of say supply side or demand side and then we have to integrate between the supply side and demand side. So, that sufficient water is available say for example, if we consider water source sufficient water is available. So, that we can frame appropriate water management policy. So, that may when we look into this water management policy so this we have to do in a series of three steps like in the first step we have to enable the environment. So, we have to we should have appropriate policies to be framed and then appropriate legislation to be passed by either an assembly or parliament and then say as an say to implement various schemes maybe we have to the government has to give certain incentives to the stakeholders. Then comes the institutional rules so say everything should be done in an organized way. So, we have to see organizational framework and then institutional capacity building within the watershed and then by considering the stakeholders within the watershed. And then say we have to see the management instruments like how to get these appropriate fund for that particular scheme or how to implement a particular watershed project scheme and then how we can go ahead with the say appropriate implementation and getting the benefits out of that and then managing the overall system. So, that way we have to see when we develop say for example, water systems when we develop water management policy say for a particular area. So, we can see that if you go through say most of the say country level water policies most of the nations they have their own type of policies which will be suited for areas requirements of the people. So, national water resources policies say play a major role in the implementation of either watershed schemes or water development schemes and then also related to agricultural aspects. So, that way national water resources policy sets goals and objectives for management of water resources at national scale and these policies include say whatever to be covered say specific regions say like where drought prone area or same humid regions or like that say as per the requirement then catchments then shared or trans boundary water resources within integrated water resources management framework and then inter basin trans space. So, you can see that say for example, major rivers are concerned this rivers will be passing through one state to another state. So, as say for example, India is concerned water is a state subject. So, that way we have to see the government of India or the central government has to should have appropriate policies or they have to set certain norms and regulations so that water sharing is taking place between states or even when the river is passing from one country to another country say for example, river Ganges from which goes from India to Bangladesh. So, we have to see that there are no conflicts between the countries or between the states and then the water should be shared in a very environment friendly way and then also in an appropriate way. So, that when the either the trans boundary water resources or inter basin trans space all these aspects we have to consider when we frame the national water resources policies. So, a national policy may include following themes like what will be the Jewish district and the delegation. So, the what will be the role of say federal government or central government then what will be the roles of the state governments or district level to the panchayat level or the grass root level then the extent to which water management is decentralized or consolidated. So, whether we have to deal the water say resource in a centralized way or decentralized way and then what is the up to what level we have to decentralized and then the use of economic incentives say for example, to include to implement say various watershed development schemes say government of India or the central government may have to give various incentives to the states or to the district level or to the watershed level. So, that we have to see the economic incentives what can be given then capacity building to meet institutional challenges. So, that is also important. So, the how we can develop the capacity of the stakeholders and then how the various committees can be formed and then how the they can come together form to meet the institutional challenges and then monitoring and control to reduce ecosystem degradation. So, once various projects are implemented or for the given system we have to we should appropriate monitoring system so that to say make sure that there is no ecosystem degradation or decentralized space, but we have to improve the system and so monitoring constant monitoring and controlling is essential. These are some of the important themes which should be included in any of the national water policy when we consider water as a resource and then within the perspective of indicator water resource development and management. So, that way when we deal with the water we have to see the policy as integrated water policy. So, we have to see various aspects of the development of the water resource and then it is sharing and then looking after so that there is no degradation taking place to the ecosystem. So, some of the important points to be considered for effective integrated policy making are we have to clarify the roles and goals of government and stakeholders. So, central government or state governments so what will be their roles, how to say play their each ministries role or each department roles and then how each department should collaborate with stakeholders and then the second important point is government as regulator and then as organizer of the participative process. So, say we have to consider the needs of the people and then how it can be particular schemes can be implemented and as I last showed adjudicator in case of conflict say for example if a conflict takes place from one state to another state whenever river passes from one state to another state say for example between Tamil Nadu Kerala or Karnataka Tamil Nadu for Kaveri issues so then the government of India or the central government should have a policy how to deal with that kind of conflicts. Then identification of key water resource issues so the government policy should specifically say how to deal with the drought area or the how to deal with the flooding all those things there should be appropriate policies related to water. Then water is a social and economic good so we have to see that it is water is not only as a social good as people needs all the ecosystem people everybody needs water so it is a social good, but it is also an economic good since we have to invest lot of money to develop appropriate system so that way we have to see we have to develop appropriate policies or we have to design policies to allocate resources in an effective way so that by considering water social and economic good. Then make explicit in the policy the links between land use and other economic activities so that is also essential when we deal with the development of water policies. Then take into account tradeoffs between short term course and then long term gains so for example when you are going to develop a dam or when we constructed dam so it is a say the they say 500 crores or 1000 crores rupees to be spent it is a short term course but the gains will be long term so we should appropriate policies to look after say what will be the tradeoff between the short term course and then long term gains and then also we have to see the environmental impacts of various schemes. So that way when we develop a water policy we have to develop by considering all these aspects in an integrated way. So now let us look into while developing the water policy we have to see the water rights so what are the rights of the individuals or the people or the states or as the federal government so what are the rights or say one catchment to another catchment what will be the rights so all those things we have to define appropriately. So say first aspect is right to use water and good water law must be flexible enough to permit reform in response to technological change and socio-economic need. So that is very important we have to see what kind of say technological development space accordingly the various aspects should be changed and then socio-economic needs should be the most important aspect in the development of the state type of policies. The tenets of effective and beneficial use are water must not be obtained for speculation or let run to waste. So available water should be used in a very effective way so water should not be wasted and then should not be put for speculation between various agencies and the end use must be socially acceptable use. So whatever use it is going to put water is to put so that way we have to see it is socially acceptable use and water is not to be misused say for example like say some farmers say draws so much of ground water so that others will not get and then they may try to sell so that kind of misuse should not take place and the use must be reasonable as compared with other uses. So if for agriculture purpose or any other purpose so the use of the water by the individual or stakeholder should be in a reasonable way. So these are some of the important aspects when we have to develop a water policy in the various rights what is to be considered. So now let us look further aspects further characteristics and other things which are to be considered when we develop a legislation for water or water quality. So some of the important characteristics to be considered are the measures to protect the quality of water resources so that aspect should be there in the legislation. So this can be preventive or corrective way. So preventive measures include effluence and discharge regulations say as far as water quality is concerned then technical standards and requirements for treating polluted effluence economic instruments as well as quality standards for receiving waters. Then the legislation sets out the principles upon which pollution control is based and then if you consider corrective measures that may include seas and desist orders in compensation for damage and economic losses and then abatement and remediation requirements. So if any pollution takes place that should be reduced and then we have to see that the polluted things should be remediated. So most of the time when we put such laws it should be in such a way that the polluter pace principle should be put so that the polluter should have a responsibility to pay for the damages cost or to remediate what is what was created. So especially water quality issues are concerned the legislation what should be formed by the governments should have all these characteristics like either preventive way or corrective way or there should be preventive measures and corrective measures and then most of the time the best policy of the polluter pace principle should be applied as far as the legislation for water quality is concerned. Enabling institutional framework including the legal roles and responsibilities of institutions and their inter-relationship so that aspects we have to see and then mechanisms for stakeholders to participate in water resource management then conflict resolution mechanisms then provision of water for basic human needs and standards of service then tariff and water pricing systems then a clear mechanism for transfer of water rights to minimize conflicts and the risk of social unrest. So say we can see that say already in say most of the countries there are number of legislation as far as water is concerned so called water legislation either say water quantity is concerned or quality is concerned. So within the framework when we are discussing about integrated water resource management by considering all the socio-economic aspects of the people within the watershed or within the area. So then say we have to see that say we have to modify or we have to reform the existing legislation so that now the emphasis should be enabled institutional framework say it is not existing within the water legislation and then say we have to see that the mechanisms for stakeholders to participate in various water related issues or water resource development and management. So that is the now the trend nowadays and then if any conflicts takes place between the states or between the catchments or between the stakeholders then there should be some mechanism to sort out these kinds of conflicts and then also as what is an economic good we have to see that say appropriate tariff and water pricing are implemented. So all these aspects we have to see as far as reforms for existing legislation or when we go for news legislation also. So some of the guidelines and policies while making the water legislation listed here so most important policies and guidelines for watershed management include so as water say watershed is concerned we have to see various resources, lands then water then agricultural or forest management all these aspects we have to consider. So that way say there is the watershed management policies say should include first of all agricultural policy then agriculture policy means say there should be national agriculture policy which provides strong support to the watershed development programs and it should reflect the observed commitments of government to take watershed management programs more aggressively including provision of necessary financial and institutional support. So this should be this is very essential within the framework of IWRM or Indian Water Resource Management. So that way the appropriate framework should be set for agricultural policy. Then second one is water policy which already discussed in the last if you slide so we should appropriate water policies by considering the quantity issues, quality issues, conflict resolution or the appropriate sharing so water policy should be appropriately should be done and then land policy so land policy generally protects the interests of small and marginal farmers. So you can see that in many countries most of the time the land policy is always favouring the rich farmers or the farmers who have got so much of land and small farmers or marginal farmers are always marginalised in many ways so but we have to say for overall development social upliftment, socio-economical development we have to see that the interests of small and marginal farmers we have to consider and that way one important aspect to be considered is land policy. And then forest policy, forest policy means we have to see that the existing forest is not degraded and further a forestation should take place and the minimum area should be kept for forest development and management as the forest development may influence overall development and management for the area. Then of course watershed management guidelines so which way to manage various resources within the watershed and then how to say collaborate between the stakeholders or how to take the help of the community as far as watershed. So all these issues we have to consider when we develop guidelines and policies for watershed management. As I mentioned already water policy identifies water management as one of the most crucial elements in development planning of a country. Water policy states that watershed management through soil erosion, catchment area, treatment, preservation of forests and increasing forest cover and construction of check dams should be promoted. So within the water policy there should be say policy or guidelines for watershed development, say prevention of soil erosion, then catchment area treatment and then development of various rainwater harvesting schemes etc. And then also say environmental issues are very important so environmental laws should be framed within the watershed management guidelines and policies itself. So environmental laws often dictate the planning and actions that agencies take to manage the watershed. Then some laws are required that planning to be done others can be used to make a plan legally enforceable and others set out the ground rules for what can and cannot be done in development and planning. So there should be certain rules and regulations or policy guidelines so that what can be done and what cannot be done so all these things should be appropriately defined when we develop guidelines and policies for watershed management. So otherwise there will be always problems or conflicts between the stakeholders or between one watershed to another watershed or one say the upstream river basin holders to the downstream river basin holders. So in most of the countries and states so they have developed their own rules and regulations or laws regarding watershed management. So government of India also has made an appropriate rules and regulations and then this has come under the umbrella of national water policy which will be discussing say after fuselage. So now say as far as the policies and guidelines are concerned then the financial aspect plays a major role and then appropriate investment plans or investment policies also should be in say made as far as watershed management and plans are concerned. So government have a responsibility for investment policies that affect the water sector so it can be either as a development of dams or development of say wells or various watershed development schemes. Then macroeconomic policies like trade policies affect the pace and type of development in the water sector. So government has to see appropriate macroeconomic policies are developed and then tax incentives might result in the growth of water intensive industries. So industries are concerned say if availability of water or tax incentives say if appropriate water development schemes are done. So that way industries may come forward to implement those schemes then public investment. So how the various schemes can attract public investment like investment many sectors may affect demand for water such as housing, new town, industry development, transport, power and energy, agriculture and tourism so that way we have to see. Then public and private investment in the water sector itself so water sector needs potentially very large financial needs for irrigation, water supply, waste water treatment, flood and environment protection. So as government cannot spend all the money all investment cannot be done alone so government has to see public private partnership place so PPP public private partnership so that is needed in the water sector also whether for the development of new say reservoirs dams or the watershed development schemes or water transfer from one basin to another basin so that way public private partnership and then private investment say government should welcome in an appropriate way so that sufficient investment can be done in the water sector. So when we discuss all these same water policies or guidelines and then within the organization framework we have to see the what are the important roles and responsibilities. So here some of the important points are listed so like first we have to develop a policy so policy formulation is important so the policy formulation can be either through ministries like water resources ministry or agriculture ministry for the sender state then education and promotion so whatever schemes have been say developed say the government has to see that all the stakeholders know about that and that should be promoted then networking and information exchange so between the watershed so from people to people that should take place then regulation control and enforcement so appropriate rules and regulations should be put and then control measures should be developed and then surveillance and monitoring so same as far as watershed development schemes say whether any deterioration is taking place so all the developments are in a positive way so that way we have to see the appropriate monitoring to be done then allocation and supply of water so say once a scheme is developed we have to see that it is appropriately allocated for various needs and so that the stakeholders equity will be there between the stakeholders then flood control and risk mitigation so many areas say there will be flood problem and some other areas there may be a drought problem so in all this say the framework should be there to deal with say wherever flood problems are there how to deal with that flood control so some of the measures some of the projects may be for flood control and some schemes may be for drought mitigation so that way we have to see the risk associated with either droughts or floods then water treatment and reuse so as water resources say when people use it to become say polluted so that when appropriate treatment should be given and then reuse we have to always encourage so that water recycling and reuse also play a major role so that sufficient water is available locally in the area itself then conservation and protection so water conservation projects or water resource protection there should be we have to emphasize on this then pollution control and water quality management so we can see that due to the industry revelation for last few decades say including groundwater say most of the resources have been polluted so we have to see that appropriate measures or pollution control and water quality management framework appropriate developed policies are made and this legislation are carried out so that appropriate level all these aspects can be done within the the integrated water resource management framework. So here this flow chart so here I have put in when we develop water policy and legislation so there should be say we have to consider various aspects which will be coming say like the environment or the resources then economic development then population and so appropriate policies or legal framework should be made so that the political system say existing within the country they have to deal with the economic development or the legal framework so they have to make appropriate water laws and water policies so say on a watershed scale basis appropriate water institution should be formed and then appropriate where the water administration can be carried out so finally there should be better performance as far as water resources is concerned so that the socio economic development or upliftment should take place and then sufficient quantity of water should be available water quality should be good and there should not be any pollution for the existing resources so that way appropriate water policy and legislation should be carried out. So now whatever we have discussed is say forming the appropriate guidelines or policies as far as water legislation is concerned within the framework of integrated water resource management so now let us look some of the water legislation say as a typical example let us consider India so say India is concerned number of water regulations are there have been made in the last few decades so here water in Indian constitution water in entry of 56 of union list and entry 17 of state list water is a major theme article 246 and article 262 empowers parliament to make law regarding development management of say an interstate of rivers so as I mentioned earlier water is a state subject but central government has an advisory role and then wherever conflict takes place government of India can interfere in a positive way so article 262 specifies that parliament may by law provides that neither a supreme court or any other court shall exercise jurisdiction with respect to of interstate river disputes so generally when this kinds of dispute comes government of India forms appropriate tribunals and this tribunals have the full power to say take appropriate action by considering the viewpoints of when various states or various parties so that say and most of this the ruling by this tribunals cannot be questioned in courts so that way this water tribunals play a major role whenever conflicts arises so then as a various legislations in India is concerned there are legislation form ownership of water then withdrawal of water then usage of water and then water quality issues are concerned waste water disposal is also concerned so in the constitution of India surface water and water is not defined separately but what was a single resource is consents considered so ownership of water say for example even 19th century itself the Eastman Act 1882 says about the ownership of water and then say withdrawal of water is concerned it is actually a state subject but say as per the framework put by the parliament some of the states have enacted and implemented water resource legislation then usage is concerned government of India acts like water prevention and control of pollution say the various acts in 1797-1993 rules thereof for providing for the collection of cess on water consumed on bulk so bulk water tariff schemes some guidelines are already given and then waste water disposal or water quality is consents also government of India acts water prevention and control pollution act of 1974-1998 define various norms as far as how to deal with the waste water and then how to keep the water quality and then what way to deal with various say cases of water pollution by industries or by any other agencies so that way well framed rules and regulations are available in India say as so called water legislations so then as I mentioned say by considering the various aspects a national water policy has been framed in India and first adopted in 1987 and then further formulated in 2002 so national water policy is important by considering the various issues say on a river basin scale or watershed scale or by considering the various needs like agriculture uses or the domestic uses or industrial use so this national water policy advocates water resource of the country should be brought within the category of utilizable resource to the maximum possible extent so some of the salient features of this national water policy of government of India includes policy promotes use of non-conventional methods such as traditional water harvesting rooftop rainwater harvesting etc then water transfer to water scarce region say through inter basin transfer or other means then the national water policy encourages people participation in all the schemes then public-private partnership is always encouraged then water resource planning at a hydrologic unit not on political unit so water is concerned as a resource should be developed and planned and managed not on a state or say district level but watersheds bill level or river basin level so all this national water policy can be obtained in a www.min.nic.in the ministry of water resource websites so then further this national water policy in direct states to device its own water policy so national water policy the frameworks are given and based upon that each state can formulate its own policy so that that can be practiced in an effective way so as far as water allocation is concerned say national water policy give the allocation priorities like first should be for drinking water second should be for irrigation hydro power then there should be for ecological and fourth for aggro industries then fifth for non-agriculture industries and sixth for navigation so most of the states this based upon national water policy they have the states have made their own policies and most of the time these priorities are kept on the same way other with few exceptions like a state of Maharashtra then same some of the major emphasis on this water national water policies include the need for efficient pricing system and transparent subsidy structure for decent drainage and poor so even though water is a so socioeconomic social good it is also an economical good so appropriate pricing should be in there but of course we have to see sufficient water is available to the decent drainage and poor people then transfer the water management to user groups and local bodies and private sector participation water sector then undertaking a phased program for an improvements of water quality based on polluter pay principle as I already mentioned this is one of the important principle which is adopted polluter should pay for the remediation or to recovery then need based economic activities on the water sowning of the country then prioritizing the need of drought prone areas so all those issues sufficient emphasize is given and then that way this is a good documents say government of international water policy and many of the states how made their own state policy also so then now let us come back to say once the what say coming back to watershed management and plants so we have to formulate appropriate watershed plants and then we have to put it in appropriate format and then while implementing we have to appraise various project schemes in an appropriate way so that way here let us discuss few of the important steps to consider watershed plants and appraisal so say for example when we consider water as a resource within the watershed so some of the important steps to consider when we go for watershed plants and appraisal include develop a water use inventory so there we have to gather the all the information from the people so through surveys reconnaissance survey then available water sources like a ponds lakes then river system or the wells then water balance study we have to carry out how much what is the new neural for the people or for the ecosystem and how much is excess or how much is the deficit then setting goals and priorities so we have to set say for the future what should be the goals or what should be a project to be implemented and what are the priorities that was should be said when identify water management options so appropriate alternatives can be formed and then economic analysis can be carried out and define a plan of action when implement water management plan implementation and monitoring and implementation schedules and budgets so we have to see that appropriate schedule is made then budget provisions are obtained and then appropriate committees or staffs are available and then we have to also should have a monitoring plan so when we consider in holistic way the various watershed management plants and appraisals so then now we let us see some of the implementation issues as far as watershed plants are concerned so classifying critical watersheds we have say we can classify and then we can establish priorities for conservation and management strategies then we can identify critical threats say for example if it is for as far as forest is concerned or surface water is concerned or groundwater is concerned the quantity or quality or pollution issues then making watershed management recommendations to ensure sustainability then clean water availability then identifying system-wide controlling process and mechanisms to distinguish environmental indicators then recommending land use impact mitigation habitat restoration programs etc so these are some of the aspects when we go for watershed management plants and implementation these are some of the issues which we have to consider then some of the bottom the implementation issues include we have to analyze socioeconomic and economic value of the various schemes then we have to ensure technical assistance in the design and installation of management measures then we have to provide training and follow up support to stakeholders then we have to manage a funding mechanisms and we have to track the expenditures then we have to conduct the land treatment and water quality monitoring activities then various measures and the schedules and milestones we can make for the implementation of the plants and then we have to see we can see that these are all met then we can communicate between all these aspects between the stakeholders and then funding agencies or the various government agencies so some of the implementations problems here I have listed like when we implement watershed management plants so what are the implementation issues problems like say insufficient staff assigned to monitoring so most of the time due to lack of funds sufficient staff will not be there and funds allocated may be diverted for other purposes then monitoring locations are widely dispatched and remote leading to logistical bottlenecks so mainly when we deal with river basin or watershed large area we have to deal so that way monitoring locations will be far away so it is always a problem and staff is not properly trained so local people are if they are not properly trained to carry out appropriate work in an appropriate way then always problem and community loses interest so that there is no community participation then so all the schemes should be simple there should not be any complexities and then in a very efficient way to distribute should be then in a spin in a spin see monitoring should be required then appropriate evaluation system should be formulated so these are some of the problems when we deal with a watershed management plants appraisal and implementations are concerned so now before closing the this lecture let us look into the importance of development of appropriate policies and legislation as far as the either water management or energy management is concerned so let us consider case study cooperative management of electricity and groundwater this case study is Gujarat Jyodhir Gram Yogana or Jyodhir Gram scheme so the actually in 1980s same the state governments made a regulation there was a shift of tariff regime to flat tariff based on horsepower or how much energy is used so for various uses like especially for irrigation purpose people from water from the groundwater using from the bore wells so there is a simple flat tariff has been implemented so some of the implications were very sharp increase in electricity to say pumping water from two bore wells ramp and corruption in terms of building and meter reading then flat based tariff system under subsidy regime then so excessive withdrawals of groundwater so groundwater level gone down drastically then some of the rich farmers started to sell even water to the poor people so resulting in development of informal groundwater markets in the states so say the situation say has been a very very difficult situation in 1980s and 90s so returning so again once these problems were understood going back to volumetric tariff system was not so easy since it was popular amongst the farmers since farmers low bees was also is also very strong in the state so Gujarat electricity boats suffered heavy loss due to power supply to agriculture consumers so resulting gradual reduction in power supply so farmers found the alternatives of using capacitor to cover single phase to 3 phase power so that they can take more power but a flat only a small amount to be paid so getting 18 to 20 hours of electricity so this heavy theft of electricity has led to huge financial loss to the utility and excessive withdrawal of groundwater then construction of groundwater wells many wells will come up and then say practice such as cooperative borewell drilling all those were taken place say in 1980s and 1990s then same say after studying all this thing scheme was formulated called this same Jodhpur gram eogena or Jodhpur gram scheme so the solution was provided a quality power to the farmers and convert flat based tariff system into a meter tariff system so this was a also requirement of the funding agency so called Asian Development Bank so providing logistic is always problematic to implement the scheme may attract massive opposition of farmers so through metering process was though the meeting process was initiated but at very slower rate than ADB's expectation so the result was ADB suspended or Asian Development Bank suspended loan instalments to the state government so then the scheme was implemented earlier a flat regime of supply to villages through single feeder line but then a scheme was same separate same agricultural feeder and non-agriculture has been implemented within the state rural field of Ender state was revived into agriculture and non-agriculture and feeder at a cost of Rs.1700 crores from 2006 to 2007 so that way so the separation of agricultural feeder from non-agriculture use has been made so 8 to 12 hours quality power to farms 24 hour non-stop power to villages for domestic use then gradually increase of flat based tariff system to approach average cost consumed by tubule then intelligent scheduling and management operation power supply to farm sector has been implemented so these details are available in this reference so comparison between before and after the Jodhira Gramm-Yogina or Jodhira Gramm scheme before the tubules get 12 to 13 hours so three phase power but after farmers get 8 hours per day high voltage uninterrupted power supply then flat tariff Rs.1, 350 to 500 say per year but now flat tariff is Rs.850 per say connection per year then massive use of capacitors to convert before but afterwards capacitors out since it was not possible to put and non-farm uses de-electrified because of capacitors now non-farm uses get to 24 hour non-stop single phase power then most motor burns out and reviving these all kinds of expenses took place earlier and after the implementation motor burnout at the minimum now new connections not available earlier and then say after this scheme was implemented new connections were possible but in a restricted way Gujarat electricity board saved a lot of money you can see that the the electricity subsidies has been reduced from about 786 million dollars to 388 million dollars from say 2001 to 2007 so the outcome was power supply to agriculture fell from 13 billion units in 2001 to 9 billion units in 2005 6 and groundwater draft is expected to fell only very slowly so groundwater recovery also took place so that were the outcome of this and some of the lessons learned policy-based measures under demand side management and groundwater withdrawal could be carboning the depleted areas the help of policy-based innovative solution like and the other Gram Georgina subsidy restructuring is big issue so appropriate scheme to be developed and this kinds of schemes reduce the the misery of the poor people so they get sufficient electricity and sufficient power supply to match peak irrigation periods compared to earlier scheme so these are some of the important references for today's lecture so before closing for today's lecture some of the say say tutorial questions say critically study the various water water legislation in India the reference are given here discuss how the various water registration help to improve water management plans in India review the national water policy of India then how the national water policy can be effectively implemented in India then few self-evaluation questions what is the importance of IWRD in watershed management plans then discuss salient features of successful water management policy what are the important points to be considered for integrated water policy what are the important watershed management policies and guidelines then what are the important steps to be considered in watershed plans and appraisal then some assignment questions how a typical IWRD scheme can be implemented in a watershed what are the basic requirements of national water policy illustrates important features of good water legislation discuss various organization framework for water legislation and what are the important watershed implementation issues so one unsolved problem develop an IWRD scheme for your watershed area study the various IWRD related issues in your watershed area then develop appropriate schemes for integrated water development plan in your study area and then how you can implement the IWRDM plan what are the main implementation issues in your area how to monitor the implemented plans so this say you can develop a particular scheme for your study area so this in this last few lectures we discussed about the the socio-economic aspects of watershed development plans or watershed management then indicator developments and then water legislation and policies and implementation issues so this with this today's lecture the this module say module number 5 on socio-economic aspects of watershed management is over so we will go to the next module in the next lecture thank you.