تبطه آدك الأيام فتا في معصية الخالق The ruler is obeyed as long as he is what? As long as it's from the Sharia Pay attention That particular thing if the leader orders you not to pray and to come to him And he orders a privacy from praying You don't obey him on that, you pray And then after that if he asks you to do something for him Which is permissible You have to obey him in it The disobedience is in that particular thing Why? Because it goes against the religion of Allah It goes against the religion of Allah You don't obey him in that The messenger sallallahu alaihi sallam He told us in a hadith An Imam al-Bukhari An Muslim من حديث عبدلهم العباس That the prophet said مراء من أميره شيء أن يكره Anyone who sees from his leader Something which he dislikes of him فليصبر عليه Be patient on it فإنو من خرج من الجماعة Because anyone who leaves that group Anyone who leaves the unity of the Muslims Upon that leader فمات and then he dies Just one hand span He cuts off He says you know what I'm not going to live in the city anymore Just one span He moves out of the city Are you with me? He moves away فمات and he dies إلا مات ميتة جاهيلية That person will die The death of jahilia In another wording The prophet sallallahu alaihi sallam He said one فقد خالع رقبة الإسلام من عنوقي He has taken Islam from his neck He's taken out Meaning he's upon the path Of أهل الجاهيلية أهل الجاهيلية And who what That they may have no be'a And no one but his neck They used to just be free That's the way you become You see And also the prophet sallallahu alaihi sallam He used to take be'a A pledge of allegiance with the people regarding this He used to take pledge of allegiance with them عبادة المنصامة Narrated in صحيح البخاري عبادة عبادة بخاري المسلم He said بايع على رسول الله The prophet paid pledge of allegiance with us On what على السمع والطاع That we will listen to the leader And that we will obey him في العصري واليصر Times of ease and times of hardship والمنشط والمكرة وقل لا ننزع الأمر أهله And that we will never رسول and argue with the ruler In terms of his authority We'll never Except one إلا أن تروا كفر بواحن Unless you see كليكة كفر What did the hadith say You hear Did he say What you hear كفر from him Or you read it on a paper إلا أن تروا يسيد You see it With your own eyes Not through Facebook Not through YouTube You go and you see it with your eyes إلا أن تروا يسيد You see it عينان with your eyes Not a مقالة, a letter That's written You don't know who wrote it When it was written How it was written You see it with your eyes إلا أن تروا You have to underline that كفر what type of kufر كفر بواح A clay cut kufر A kufر that everybody agrees A matter which People are disputing Whether it's kufر or not Some are saying it's kufر Some are saying it's not It's not How are you going to do it The matter is what It's unclean It has to be kufر بواح The Prophet didn't just say that He wanted to say معكم من الله فيه برحان With you regarding this Is an evidence in front of Allah If Allah asks you Why did you go against him Why did you take your hand out You can be able نعم And the things that fall under this And we're going to speak about it In the upcoming point Is the matters of خروج Going against the leader And getting your hand out of him نعم ولا نرى خروج على على الأئمة ولا القتال في الفتنة ونسمع ونطيع لمن والله الله عز وجل أمرنا ولا ننزع يدى من طاعة ونتبع السنة والجماعة ونجتني بشوضوذ والخلاف والفرق Here the author is talking about The issue of what حكم الخروج على ولاة أمر Going against The leader of the Muslims A person who is leading the Muslims عقيدة أهل السنة والجماعة Based on the ayah صورة النساء الله says يا أيها الذين آمنوا Those of you who believe in Allah أطيع الله أبي الله وأطيع الرسول أبي the messenger وأولي الأمر منكم And obey the people Who have authority over you obey them And also the Hadith عبادة بنصامة Which I just narrated This matter Of obeying the ruler Is not a matter That started yesterday Or the day before You can see أبو حاتم الرازي Is mentioned in his book أهل السنة Before they brought Evidences for this Before For example Go to صحيح مسلم He has a whole chapter What كتاب الإمارة إمام المسلم رحم الله تعالى إذا هو كتاب إذي صعيح He called it what كتاب الإمارة He talks about He brings his evidences Go to كتاب الفتن والأحكام صحيح البخاري إمام البخاري Brings it Go to كتاب السنة In his In his In his سنة He brings a كتاب كتاب السنة كتاب السنة He talks about it there All these narrations are there Go to المقدمة The introduction of سنة الإبنو ماجة There are evidences there That talk about this There are books that are written about this issue Explicitly الإمام الشارطبي He's كتاب الإعتصام He talks about this issue Very well Go to إبانة السغرة إبانة الكبرى با إبنو بطة He wrote that با أبو قاسم هيمة الله للكائي Go to الشريع الإمام الأجرر رحمه الله And other than those books I have mentioned You will find أدلة دالة على ما ذكرنا That mention that which we have said Which is what? That the ruler You don't go against him إمام أحمديني صول السنة لك ورسال He said ومن خرج على إمام من أيمت المسلمين Anyone who goes against إمام from the إيمت المسلمين وقد كان الناس And the people have come together regarding this person They all came and they united on him وقرروا له بالخلافة And they've all affirmed for him That he's خليفة المصرين Look at this point that he mentioned The Khalifa can't just be somebody who just popped out from nowhere Or there's nobody who gave it to him The issue of خلافة is what وقرروا له The people are only in agreement that this person is a Khalifa Who's saying this إمام أمان إمام أحمدن أحمدن The people are united They all agree بأي you watching It doesn't matter how this man came to خلافة If he even came غالبة And the people all united again They said You know what he's strong What can we do And he's a فاسق He's a فاسق We don't like him He takes over And the people are forcefully adhering to him Because he's got power over them Every corner he's got army there Has he got power over the people He's mentioned it to you Whether it's بالرضا You're pleased with him بايعا The way it went through أهل الحل والعق They united No He's not غالبة forcefully He came فقد شق هذا الخارج أصل المسلمين The one who goes against him He has cut off from the Muslims وخالف الأثارة And he has gone against the text عر رسول الله From the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم فإن مات If that person dies فإن مات الخارج That one who went against The death of a جاهلية ولا يحل قتال السلطان It is not permissible To fight against the leader ولا الخروج عليه And it's not permissible To go against him لأحد من الناس Not for anybody From the people فمن فعل ذلك Anyone who does that فهو مبتجع He's an innovator على غير سنة Other than the path Of the professor عسلمة You see what the way And when we study That book We will go into More details The خروج Going against The ruler is two types والخروج It's two types The first is خروج بالفعل والقتال The person takes his weapons He walks out And he says Let's fight Let's take this guy down Let's lay a juice The second type is The second one is Going against him By speech Going against him By what? By speech By telling the people This ruler Look what he does And you do You bring the people up And you rise the people Demonstration All of that falls under here Demonstration All of it is here You're not allowed To go against him No matter why Because when the prophet Used the word خروج The word is مطلق For you to say That's only فعل For you to specify And to say It's only action And that the speech Doesn't fall under it Or مظاهرات And demonstration Doesn't fall under it فعلك Bring evidence for it What do you have to bring? Evidence Demonstration Rather, it's not from the religion It is from the سلن الكفار It's the method Parts of the كفار Muslims haven't done this But inshallah We will speak about it In more details In another episode Or another sit What the حكم of مظاهرات is نعم And the author also has mentioned here What? We stay away from الشذودة و الخلافة و الفرق We also stay away from what? We stay away from شذود شذود is what?  اللو ليست سيؤمن بها أحدك ، إذا كنت أخبرت ! وكê أني لنستخدم ذلك للهيئ أقول يا رب ، إهده وهو الله لتأكيد في الخطب لماذا لأنه يقول أنه買 معنى من جميعه لتساعده إلى الخطب ل لله يبرك بهزه قذبا هو Noah وأن الجهاد مارض منذ بعث الله عز وجل نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى قيام الساعة مع أول الأمر من أئمة المسلمين عبد الوهاب رحمه الله في أصول الإيمان وقرأ الجهاد ماضياً أرى أن الجهاد ستكون أبداً مع كل إيمام مع كل إيمام برن كان أو فاجر وإذا إيمان يستحق or إيمان يستحق وصلاة الجماعة خلفهم جائزة وصلاة يستمتعون بحيث بحيث نبيه who is a fagr يستمتعون بحيث نبيه لذلك من السيلف ي freshy they used to pray behind some leaders who used to drink خمر هو زلords They would pray behind him when he turns right he would laugh and say شاائد رقعة with مورقع and they would look and say the day you came every day extra we had he used to eat for aöll for aahr and he will still pray behind him but what did they do first? أولاً يقومون بعملهم صلاحهم و when they not to show any disunity. إمام محمد سلسل إن عقيدة narrated by أبي بخل الخلال رحمة الله he said again all the time the leaders the uleman keep saying what with the leader there's no jihad that I just run around by myself they with who with an imam who's controlling it برو أو فجرو whether they are righteous or whether they are transgressors لا يبطلوا جوره جائز جائر لا يبطلوا جوره جائر ولا عد العادل the transgression of his transgression doesn't nullify it and the righteousness of a righteous one doesn't also nullify it wherever he is it doesn't matter that jihad is والحج كذلك حج is also the same means كذلك means what والحج ماضن the haj is also forever going to be أهل السنة they believe that حج doesn't stop and the haj is with who it's with the leader as well with the leader who is a fajr we do haj with him we do haj with him whether he is a fasik whether he is a fajr we don't look and say you're going to take us on a haj too you لا ابن قداما منشن اس كتابة اللمعة العتقاد ونرى الجحج والجيهاد ماضييني مع طاعة كل إمام برا كان أو فاجرا في شرح السنة والحج والغز مع الإمام ماضن all of them they say that that the haj and the jihad both of them are forever going to be with the imam whether he is what he is a fasik or a bar or a fajr the haj and the jihad they are both with the imam we will do it with him we will fight with him نعم ودفع السداقات من السوائم سوائم are the animals which are released they are freed they are دواب which are مرسلة they are made places for it they eat from those places they are basically the they are the the cattles that are collected for the they need somewhere to eat right we give it to this imam we give it to him إلا أول الأمر من أمه من أمه من أمه من أمه من أمه من أمه من أمه من أمه من أمه من أمه نعرف هذا الشخص يصمح with the money he does whatever he wants he doesn't give the settlqa to the fukarai if he wants to he keeps it for himself he only looks after his family wherever the case may be is he still a Muslim he has left Islam right give it to him you have to give it as for what he does with it فهو فبينه وبين الله it's between him and who ارنا الله تباركو تعالى ولي ذلك دمس الله سالينا حديث أدو ما عليكم establish where it is yours we establish the right that he has on you أسأل الله حقا كون جنانا و اسأل الله حقا اك美元 أسأل الله حقا كون جنانا لأخذه إنه حقا كون جنانا واستمره للمحمد من حماد البلسان و دفعوا الصدقات إلى جائزة نافذة من دفعوا إليه أجزاءت عنه بر كانوا فاجراء و دفعوا الصدقات ليهم سيpowerها فهي تفعله من دفع إليه أحد who gives it to them The zakat is off your shoulders You don't have to pay a zakat, God willing it is sorted whether he is barran, kana, or fajiran whether he is righteous or whether he is a transgressor It doesn't matter whether he does what he should have done with it or not, it doesn't matter And also what falls under that is The khirah, the fate, the ghanima The laws of war, everything He controls it The Muslims don't They fulfill it for him والناس مؤمنون في أحكامهم وما واريثهم ولا ندري ماهم عند الله عز وجل Also والناس مؤمنون The Muslims The person is what? He is a mu'min في أحكامهم ومواريثهم From the ظاهر From the apparent The people we give them what? And when he says أحمد رسول الله He gives us the testament of لا إلا الله What do we say for them? We are Muslims To us you say She had a chain, right?  Also We can't judge person by what?  It is Allah It is Allah Subhanahu و تعالى Who does that? Our job is the ظاهر And the apparent That we see from you و لذلك ألمام البربهاري إن شاء الله سبحانه و تعالى إن شاء الله سبحانه و تعالى و أمة محمد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم فيها أي في الدنيا مؤمنون مسلمون في أحكامي و مواريثهم و دبائقهم و الصلاة عليهم That the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم يسأل that the أمة of محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم in this دنيا They are Muslims In their rolling towards one another In the inheritance In the slaughter and the prayers If you never met a Muslim before first time you saw him and he saw Islam and he saw the Muslims You could You see He leaves the prayer He also He slaughter You eat it If he brings you food and invites you You've never known this person before You can't say show me your kitchen I want to see how things are done No You judge a person by what? We judge a person نعم And if the person We don't know From the ظاهر We don't see the opposite holds true From the ظاهر You don't see the Muslim You take حكم الكفار For example Those who worship the graves Those who worship the graves Who are doing major shirk To us the كفار To us Anyone who worships a shrine Who is sitting by a grave And he is used to do it for it Or he is doing a dua Other than Allah To us كافر بالله العلي العظيم He is a kafir حكم ظاهر The parent is a kufr You fell into shirk أكبر Right As for if you are truly a kafar from within You might have جهل You might have the excuse of ignorance هذا بينك و بين الله That's between you and Allah لكن نحكمك بالظاهر We are going to judge you by the parent From the ظاهر you are a kafir Anyone who does a major shirk Major shirk And you see him prostrating to an idol Or you see him begging to a grave He is a kafir على ظاهر From the ظاهر نعم As for جهل Ignorance That is for him And Allah is the day of judgment It could be an excuse for him The day of judgment It could be نعم But in this dunya We judge people by the parent We judge the people by the We judge the people by the parent نعم The shirk here says أبو زرعانا بحاتم عقيدة It has ملاحظة Especially the third part Which is what The author mentioned something There are three points that he says The first one he says Anyone who says I am a mu'min haqqan He is a muftaja And then after that he said And then the third one he said Isn't that the same? Or he just said The first فقرة It's the same thing This issue goes back to على كل حال على كل حال This issue goes back to Which is That when a person says I am a mu'min It is عقيدة على السنة والجماعة To do استثناء استثناء means what I am a mu'min إن شاء الله I am a mu'min I am a mu'min إن شاء الله Or he says أرجو أني مؤمن I hope that I am a mu'min I hope that I am a mu'min Why Staying away from Being one who is what Who does taski of himself Taski of him Of himself And this is something Which is Well documented in the books Of عقائد That أهل السنة Always speak about And is it permissible For a person If he knows That his iman is low If his iman is low Is he allowed to say That my iman is low Is it something he can do نعم he can do Based on the hadith of حنضلة حنضلة When he said to Abu Bakr نعم He said to Abu Bakr That That when we're with the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم He talks to us about They hear after حتى كأنها رأي عين It's like we can see جنة With our own eyes Our iman increases فإذا خرجنا عصفنا as Zoujat But he said When we go home And we spend time With our wives You see And we play with them And we have the children And we play with our children وبشرنا ضيعة They said فينقصوا ما عندنا من الإيمان Our iman decreases Our iman increases You see And then A famous hadith The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا كنتم على الحالي التي تكونون عليها عندي لصافحتكم الملائكة في طرقكم وعلى فرشكم ولكن ساعة وساعة يا حنطلة The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم يا حنطلة If you guys When you're with me If you are like that Every place Then the angels will come down And they would shake your hands in the road And they would shake your hands in your beds لكن حنطلة ساعة ساعة Sometimes نعم The person plays and he jokes نعم So it is It is permissible for the Muslim To talk about his iman And it's also permissible For the person to say أنا مؤمن He can say that if he wants to He can say أنا مؤمن He can say that But what is more befitting Is that he brings the استثناء And he says إن شاء الله As long as so Why does he say that حتى لا يكون مداعيا لكمال الإيمان So he doesn't become one who When he says أنا أنا مؤمن Then it looks like he means My iman is complete My iman is complete It's better So he doesn't seem like that نعم والمرجعات مبتدعات عضلال The murjia are an Elevated misguided group What are the murjia And the murjia والمرجعات The murjia are مبتدعات They are innovators ضلالون Misguided individuals What does murjia mean? What does that word مرجع مين What meaning does it have? مرجع مين الذين أرجعوا الأعمال وآخروها عن اسم إيمان The word إرجاء means It is to delay And it's to take out The iman The actions out of iman That's what the word إرجاء means That's what إرجاء That's what it means That they've actually taken out The iman They've taken it out of what? Sorry, they took out Actions out of iman They took the actions out of iman And based on their belief They said لا يضرم عن إيمان إذا مبتد Any sin that you do It will not harm what? It will not harm Any sin that you do Will not harm your iman That's no problem That's what they said Now And they said The same way is The opposite holds truth The argument was When they said that Any sin that you do Any sin that you do That it will not harm your iman They said Doesn't the opposite hold truth Which is And they said كما لا ينفقوا مع الكفر طاع What about if a person is a kafir And he does obedience Will it benefit him? No So they said The same is When a person is a believer And he doesn't sin It won't harm him That's what they said And they went against أهل السنة Regarding this issue Which is that the iman Has branches They went against أهل السنة So أهل السنة And a lot of Muslims fall into this issue They say أخي يسد لا إله لله أخي يسد لا إله لله أخي يسد لا إله لله But he came with نواقظ الإسلام He came with ما تسدأ نالفه إسلام And you're still holding him Into Islam You're still bringing it in When he's clearly He said كلمة كفر Or when this person Is worshiping idols Or he's doing كفريات Which are كليكات Saying that he came ألا إله لله That just that word by itself And there's nothing That can take him out of إسلام أه That's the belief of the مرجعة نعم والقدرية مبتدعات ضلال The قدرية They are مبتدعات And they are ضلال And the قدرية are two types القدرية ينقسمون إلى قسمين They are divided into two قدرية نفات وقدرية مثبتأما قدرية ولات As some say Who are they? The قدرية نفات are the ones who نقيت They negate what? They negate from the person any form of choice They say that the person doesn't have no choice No sorry The قدرية نفات They negate from الله is not able to do what? الله is not able to what? الله is not able to create for a person كفر الله can't do that they said الله is not able to do Fisk He can't do that We love Allah How can we say Allah He destined and he Rit And he wanted evil كفر No, no And we don't believe الله And Fawahish All of these are actions of the creation الله doesn't And they also negated from Allah the knowledge And they said الله doesn't even know until it happens After it happens الله finds out later That this person has fallen into كفر Because we don't want الله that you have been aware of all of this and let the person be We don't want to affirm to Allah They are called قدرية نفات They negated from Allah The second group are called قدرية المجبرة The قدرية المجبرة are the opposites They said The seventh doesn't have anything now Allah has everything The control is all in Allah's hands سبحانه وتعالى And while they said The creation has no ability We don't have any ability And this is called تصرف قهري Allah has forcefully controlled us He does whatever he wants to us سبحانه وتعالى And he fulfills whatever things he wants from us Like we are like a leaf on a windy day The wind just takes us wherever Allah takes us wherever When you see this person سبحانه وتعالى He's not him When he's doing Zina He's not him نعم That's what they believe That's what they believe And Al-Sunnah refuted them And Al-Sunnah refuted them By those points that we mentioned before When we were talking about مراتب القدر If the person affirms Those four levels of Qadr He will go out of it We said it's knowledge That everything Allah knows سبحانه وتعالى Everything Allah created it Everything is connected To Allah's will And finally Everything Allah has created Everything Allah has created And also Al-Sunnah said That Qadr is two types Qadr which is matters pertaining to the universe Which is Qadr Which is Kauniyah Universal issues The universal issues You see It's all what That which Allah loves That which Allah hates Universally Allah creates that which He likes That which He doesn't like سبحانه وتعالى You see Allah Universally Allah creates a belief And a disbeliever Allah created the Allah created the Iblis And Allah created the angels Universally لكن In الشريع Allah only wills That which is good And He said in the ayah وَلَا يَرْضَا لِعِبَادِهِ الْكُفْرِ Allah is not pleased For His creation What? This pleasement here is what What does it mean? This pleasing here Is Qadariyan Qadaran Sorry But Allah is not pleased If He didn't Will it will not have happened Will it? University Conan لكن شرعان what? Allah doesn't like kufr شرعان Conan Universally But does Allah want kufr? If He didn't want it It wouldn't have happened If He didn't want it It would not have happened Happened And we spoke about this Issue in details elsewhere Now And we will insha'Allah And speak about it In more details Now insha'Allah In the next point Some More points Insha'Allah Now ومن أنكر منهم أن الله يعلم ما يكون قبل أن يكون فهو كافر The author then he says ومن أنكر Anyone This is This issue is based on Allah's things that are going to happen Allah's knowledge regarding it Anyone who negates ومن أنكر منهم Anyone who negates أن الله يعلم That Allah knows ما يكون That which is going to happen قبل أن يكون Before it takes place For a kafr He negates it He doesn't believe it That person is a kafr Kafr Because we know Allah has knowledge of everything علم الله بتقدير المقادر مقادر Everything Allah has destined How it's going to be Days in Days out Allah has destined it Not only that It's written for him


Good evening, everybody. I'm always excited when I see this many entrepreneurs. I have a passion for entrepreneurship and a passion for technology. And it's needed today more than at any other time. So I'm going to talk about reinventing societal infrastructure. But let me start by logistics. My Twitter handle at vCoastla, if you tweet questions added and it's on the screen, we'll try and answer them at the end of my talk. Here's the fundamental problem in why societal infrastructure needs reinventing. There's 700 million people or so, about 10% of the planet, that has a rich lifestyle. This is energy rich, building rich, education rich, medical care rich, rich in all sorts of ways. 7 billion people on the planet want it. And the only possible way is to have entrepreneurs do it. So that's why I'm here and I'm appealing to all of you to work on these hard problems. Let me talk about reinvention and what it means. It's about being unreasonable about proposed solutions and then making them happen. It's being unafraid of high probability of failure. I always say, there's people who try and fail and those who fail to try. It takes real almost a foolishness and a naivete and an optimism along with a knowledgeable and questioning attitude to really take on these big tasks and I hope the best of you can do that. My favorite quote is, George Bernard Shaw. And this is why we depend on unreasonable people to do this for us because they're the ones who will change the world. People like Elon Musk who says the world should be electric. Our space should be accessible differently. Or people like Larry Page. Let me start by saying the future generally is not knowable. But it is inventable. And those of you who are true entrepreneurs know that as you go through an entrepreneurial journey, you fail, you zig, you zag, you discover the right questions and then hopefully the right answers. It is the one fundamental reason large companies, large institutions will never do radical reinvention. I'll come back to it. It's the entrepreneurs who say why not do something instead of saying why it can't be done. I always like to say skeptics never did them possible. And for any hard task, any hard invention or any hard change, one can always come up with reasons why it can't be done. To me, when I run into an expert, I say you're an expert in a previous version of the world. We want to invent a new future we want. And that's my task for all of you. Since we are in Helsinki and there's so many thousands and thousands of entrepreneurs here, and I get really excited speaking to such an audience, I want to say one thing. Silicon Valley is not a place. It's a culture. It's the mindset, a state of thinking that creates disruptive innovation. And it can happen in any place as long as this culture exists. What Silicon Valley does really well is experiment and try lots and lots of different things. And those of you who are entrepreneurs know it's very hard to be an entrepreneur. It's glorified a lot, but the actual task is really, really painful sometimes. The journey is never smooth. In 1986, I did a presentation that's still on my website. I called it the entrepreneurial roller coaster where the highs are high, but nobody talks about the fact where the lows are really low. But let me say one thing. When we go towards inventing a new future, most institutions, and I have real beef with any institutional journey, most institutions assume improbable is unimportant. I like to claim that only the improbables are important. It's just that we don't know which improbable is important. And most people are too afraid to try, given the improbable nature of things. But you have to remember as entrepreneurs that only the improbable is important. I'd like to say you're also limited by what we think we can do, not by what we can actually do. Once you get started, you do a lot more than you would otherwise imagine. And I'd like to say major in disruption is mostly non-institutional. Walmart didn't disrupt retail. Amazon did. Media companies didn't disrupt media. YouTube and Twitter and Facebook did. Lockheed and Airbus and Boeing didn't disrupt space. SpaceX did. General Motors and Volkswagen didn't disrupt automobiles. Vamo and Tesla did. You get my idea. People like Google, the change they brought, cannot be done by institutions. And that's why it's up to you. Let me start with my favorite story. This is a company we've invested in, Impossible Foods. The scientist came to me and said, he'll give up his 10-foot tenure. He'll give up a Howard Hughes Fellowship, which is extremely rare, to work on solving the sustainability problem because animal husbandry takes up 30% or 40% of the planet's land area. And it's extremely resource-insensitive. A kilogram of beef might take 3,000 liters of water to produce. Today, he's in 1,000 restaurants in the United States. And his hope is it's cheaper, healthier, more sustainable, better, and much more scalable than any form of red meat, just when red meat consumption is growing, especially in places like India and China, as incomes improve. We're fortunate that today, lots of new tools and axes of innovation have showed up. Because of series of factors, there are many axes of innovation. As the axes of innovation improve, the possibilities for solutions increases because more combinations become possible. As we get more tools, the cost of experimentation goes down. And so you can try many more experiments even if most fail. And today, I find many of the tools for experimentation are exploding. New breakthroughs in many areas, and I won't go through all of them, are really changing the rate at which we can have innovation. And of course, some of the older tools, like internet, mobile, are still there and helping us build this new innovation environment. What's also promising to me is in the past, 10 years ago, if you look, most technologies, entrepreneurship was about technology areas. A better enterprise software, a better search engine. But today, almost all industries are subject to innovation. So let me get to the crux of what gets me really, really excited about the next 10 or 20 years, the thing I want to work on and the thing I want all of you to work on. So my appeal today is let's work on these. And I looked at the GDP in America and said, what are the non-governmental components of GDP that are open to individual entrepreneurs to change? Almost everything. Healthcare and medicine, food and food production, financial services. Let me talk a bit about some of them. Today we have the practice of medicine. It's better than it has ever been before. Compared to 10 years ago, 20 years ago, 50 years ago, medicine is much better. But it's small iterations on practice and learning from each small failure. But the science of medicine is just becoming possible. And I have a 110-page paper for anybody who's interested. You can Google 20% doctor included. Almost all diagnosis monitoring a patient's prescription should be done by AI systems. And that doesn't mean there's no role for humans. Humans should do the human element of care. And we can come back to that later if you want. The best discovery tools aren't from pharmaceutical companies. AI companies like Adam Wise and Deep Genomics are doing new tools and new ways of discovering pharmaceuticals or AI-guided surgery interventions. Of course, AI-based imaging. Data-driven personalized care. We restricted medicine to what humans could act on. So your physical is still the same things you checked 100, 200 years ago. Your blood pressure, your temperature, your heart rate, things that were measurable in the year 1800. We can go to thousands of biomarkers per blood sample. In fact, I know one company that does 300,000 biomarkers per sample of blood. All omics medicine. For those of you interested, I refer you to my paper. I won't spend too much time on this. But the key point I want to make is this is the only way medicine gets to be scientifically substantially better, but more and most importantly, accessible to everybody because that's as free as a Google search. It's more affordable and it's a great equalizer in access to medicine. We can create 100 million physicians inexpensively and virtually zero cost. I want to prove to you that every area is open for invention. If we have driverless cars, we'll open up cities. No parking lots, new housing. We can make small space much more functional. There's a company called Ori Systems that takes a 500 square foot or about a 60 or 70 square meter apartment. And by having transformer-like furniture, if you remember those transformer toys, make the same room into a bedroom or a desk or a living room. That's making space twice as efficient. Buildings and business models like WeWork and Airbnb are making buildings more usable, using them more of the time, more efficient. All of this is reinvention of space. My favorite and the one I appeal to, one of you to start, is 3D-printed buildings cost-effectively combined with generative design or AI-based design. It really is a massive opportunity. If we can reduce the weight of a building by 5x, we will reduce materials consumption by 5x. None of this 2% or 5% improvement in efficiency. It's 500% improvement of the cost of space, and then maybe 100%, 200%, 300% improvement in the effectiveness of each square foot. Today, the average car takes 1,000 kilograms per passenger, maybe for two passengers. If we could reduce, build crashless cars because they're driverless, they could be really, really light. Cars are built around crash protection and environmental. If there were public utilities, not private cars, each car would go 100,000 miles a year, not 10,000 miles a year. We'd need one-tenth the amount of steel, one-tenth the amount of tires, and we'd have all the bases to have all-electric cars because we'd want in high-utilization vehicles, high-cap-axe and low-op-axe, which is what electric vehicles offer. My assumption, we can get to a dollar a ride as a city utility. It'd be a great thing for a country like Finland to offer or experiment with in parts of the city. Combine that with trains, arteries, flying cars that will start to show up soon. It's a unique possibility. Manufacturing, new design tools, 3D metal printing, 3D composite printing, 3D investment casting, and robotics can completely reinvent the supply chain. We don't have to build things at the other side of the planet and ship them. We can do them locally on demand with low inventory. We can reinvent manufacturing. My favorite example is a small company, 3D printing shoes, after taking three pictures of your foot. One perfect fitting shoes for your exact foot. More importantly, all the materials are recyclable. If you know footwear, it's a disaster environmentally. We can eliminate that environmental disaster. So that's just one example, but it applies to everything. Rocket Labs, one of our companies, is 3D printing rocket engines. So both extremes from shoes to rocket engines can be done this way. Food can be innovated. I've talked about impossible food. We could completely free up land area. We've seen a lot of startups around AI for imaging and data from space. We had a company that eliminated herbicides and fields by weeding fields robotically using machine vision to identify weeds and weed them. Imagine if that was pervasive. We could eliminate herbicides from agriculture. That'd be a wonderful thing. There's, of course, vertical farming, lots of new ways to do denitrification of agriculture, decemicalization, decarbonization. But innovation can happen in financial services, too. I think one of the problems with all this technology and the one problem I worry about more than any other single problem is the income disparity and inequality caused by technology. But technology does also offer us the opportunity to make financial services available to everybody much more fair for everybody. Imagine an AI lawyer. So everybody could have free legal advice like some of us who can afford it can get. Lots of opportunity here. Energy decarbonization is the one problem that's among the hardest. Finland's a good country to come to because the two areas, nuclear, done right, without nuclear proliferation and without nuclear waste, which we are attempting with a company called TerraPower. And geothermal are two great solutions. Wind and solar are great, but it's not yet really feasible as base load power. But every aspect of buildings can be, and decarbonization can be addressed. The problem I see is the best PhDs at the best universities are no longer going in this area, and hence innovation is slower as an area of great need and urgency. It's one of the reasons we started breakthrough energy ventures. I won't spend much time on education, but I spoke earlier today about every child having an AI personal tutor. If we can recommend Netflix movies to people, why can't we recommend what thing to learn next? And as they're learning, if they're falter, if they're slowed down, if they're confused, have an AI tutor help them, guide them, hint for them. You can do personal advisors, financial advisors, elder care robotics, personal doctors. These are all massive areas society needs. Let me say to you, most, not all hard problems are valuable, but most valuable problems are hard, so please take on the hard problems. The way I look at it, I don't mind investing in something that has a 90% chance of failure if it's a transformative project, because a 10% chance of changing the world is a pretty good chance. I've talked about this problem, so I won't spend any time on it. This is one of my favorites. There are 3 billion people on this planet that nobody does products and services for. I urge you that this is a constituency we cannot leave behind. So let me stop there, say I find it, and we'll open it up to questions. So Anders, please come on up. But let me just say in the meantime, it is extremely rewarding psychologically to work on these problems. It seems extremely impactful, and I think, for entrepreneurs, it can be extremely, extremely profitable. But let me let you take some questions. Thank you, Vinod. Thanks, everybody. My name is Andreas. I'm representing Slush and you guys here and delivering a few questions that we have received during the talk. You're known as someone who is extremely well-rounded and can go into surprising depths on almost any technological topic. So I would love to start off by asking you about how much basic research do you read? How much do you spend time on reading? Well, so I spend a lot of time reading, probably hundreds of pages a week. I still read scientific articles every week. I collect what I can't read for reading once, one month a year, which is usually August. I also do a lot of writing. The talk I just gave is something I started writing in August. It's now a 50-page document. I'll publish it. It'll be probably called reinventing the infrastructure of society, just like this talk. But it's based on a lot of research. When I did my talk on 20% doctor included, there was 300 papers I went through just to write that document, which is 110 pages. Now, I have to say I really enjoy it, and I enjoy learning about 3D printing and rocket engines and agriculture. So it's really a lot of fun if you enjoy that kind of thing. It's not really work. Absolutely. I have to ask, why August for writing? Why August for writing? It's the slowest month. Other people take vacations. I do, too. But I do this on my vacation because it's the most enjoyable way I find to spend my time. OK. Also, another very practical. So let me just say one thing to answer those. It's important to be internally driven. There's people say, why don't you go sailing? I don't enjoy sailing. If I enjoy reading scientific papers, I do that. And I ask all of you to really let your internal preferences guide you. And too many of us get distracted by social pressures and what's expected of us. And don't follow our passions. Exactly. Another little personal question. How did your day look like 30 years from now, as opposed to today, a very regular day back in the Bay area? Well, I'm 62 years old. If I'm alive and healthy and I hope to be, I expect I'll still be working 80 hours a week. I enjoy this so much. I can't think of what else I would do. When I left, son, I actually thought I'd retire. And I have a passion for something that's sort of odd, which is furniture design. And I thought I'd want it to become a furniture designer. I still play around with design as a hobby, but I enjoy understanding all these diverse areas of technology and takes up all of my time. It's really, really exciting. Interesting. So why didn't you become a furniture designer? I'm sorry? Why didn't you become a furniture designer? Well, I got sucked into helping entrepreneurs. So I've never called myself a venture capitalist. I always say I'm a venture assistant. My mission is I was an entrepreneur multiple times. And my mission now is to help other entrepreneurs succeed. The money we do is incidental to the help we provide. So when we started our firm in 2004, we used as venture assistants as our tagline. Right. Interesting. And speaking of that, how do you evaluate talent? You know, evaluating talent brings me to a thing that's probably the hardest thing entrepreneurs do. It is the following. Trying to decide whose opinion to trust on what topic. It is the single hardest thing an entrepreneur does. Anybody you ask will give you advice whether they're qualified or not. And you don't know how to address that. If you're an inexperienced technologist and you ask a VP of marketing at a big company, they will know big company marketing building. They will have no idea how to operate in a startup. So how as an entrepreneur do you do this? Without going into it since we have limited time, let me suggest there's two documents I have on my website. One's called engineering the gene pool of a company. I spend a lot of time writing things to help entrepreneurs. The other one is called something like the art of hiring. And it talks about the kinds of questions you can ask to evaluate talent. Go back to your question. Fantastic. There was a question from the audience. How do you figure out whether it's worth it to spend time on a technology that seems impossible? Look, we can never know for sure. And because of that, most people fail to try.  And I like to say publicly that my willingness to fail is what has allowed me to succeed. And I think it's very, very important to have the courage and the courage of your convictions. That's very, very important. Usually, smart people can figure out and characterize all the risks. You can take an impossible-looking problem and say, what are the risk steps? I have another document on our website on how to manage those risks. And sometimes you have to do them out of order. So normal product development may be step A, step B, step C, step D, step E. But if step C is the biggest risk, I encourage entrepreneurs to say, hey, take that risk first and see if you can solve it. Because if you can't, that's the time to give up. And no, you can't do this. So risk management and taking on the largest risk first is just a management technique for entrepreneurs. I think it's not the way you systematically develop a product, but it's the way to fail at the lowest cost if you're going to fail. Exactly. OK. Good education, briefly. You've wrote a debated post about it. Kenny, work us still quickly through. What do you think the future education should look like? So I get asked often, what should young people do? If I look back at my life when I was in college in the early 70s, nothing I learned is relevant today. So one, you have to learn to learn and you have to learn to change rapidly. The basis for that is broad learning. So you might be an electrical engineer, but learn about neuroscience, take courses in psychology. Human psychology is important no matter what area you operate in because you're dealing with humans. Philosophical logic is a style of thinking. So happens that computer science teaches you very similar style of thinking. So if you're going to do a second language in many universities in the US, have a second language requirement, I always say, why take French? No offense to the French or Spanish. Take computer science as your second language because it's the language that the whole world is speaking more and more. You may want to learn a third language in a fourth. But I would say you have to prioritize correctly. You have limited time. And you say, whenever you say, let's do this, you have to ask what else not to do. Having said that, I think your original question referred to the blog I wrote on liberal arts. I have a blog on Medium that was about why liberal arts was the wrong education today. Liberal arts was invented in Greece when the slaves did the work and the Greeks sort of did thinking. It is not relevant today the way it is taught. The ideas behind it are still important. And the humanities are still important. But what is taught today and how it's done today is not important. So I wrote a response to all the criticism and responses I got called responses to my blog on liberal arts. I suggest anybody interested read that and tell me if they agree or disagree. It's a controversial area, but I think we need to invent a new subject called modern thinking that has components of economics, psychology, philosophy, or philosophical logic, computer science, the basic sciences, which were part of the original liberal arts, and other things that teach you how to think so later you can adapt to any new area that evolved. Exactly. Actually, I think this is a very good note to end on. I think for me personally, the Kostla Ventures reading list on the website has served as a fantastic piece of inspiration. So that's definitely at least worth checking out. Thank you, Vinod. Thank you very much. It's been a pleasure. Thank you, everybody.


I present to you my most profound respect, great honor and privilege for me to have the opportunity to pay a very respectful and fervent homage to your excellency who has done so much and continue to do so much for the sake of my homeland and my people. So generous. Captain Ralph DeVario, Mr. National President. How are you? My pleasure. I pleasure to be here, Mr. President. Well, please see a new one. Thank you for coming. Mr. President. Mr. President. Can I see you? U.S. Army? Yes, sir. Thank you, sir. Lieutenant Commander Bill Smith. How are you, sir? Fine. Thank you. Major Chip Halsworth. Hello. How are you? Good to see you, Mr. President. Well, good to see you. Good to see you. Good to see you. God bless. Good to see you again, sir. It's always a pleasure and thank you for giving us an opportunity. Well, listen, we're still fighting the battles with you and for you together. I know you are. I was just going to say I thank you for all that you have done, the support for the things that are important. Amen. Amen. Let me go there. Sneak in there. If we could get in a little bit tighter, please. Perfect. There. Beautiful day. Have a nice day, Mr. President. Ordered it. Chief, do you want to say good-bye? Pete Toto paid off. We were in there together. I do appreciate it. President, first, on behalf of the Reserve Officers Association, we want to thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you again, Chief. Thank you. I love the Reserve Officers Association. We want to thank you for your support you gave the Reserve Forces and the military during your tour of duty. And we're very grateful to express that appreciation to you. In addition, I have something from an old soldier, an old Reserve Army colonel who wrote the RO8 March, which are a member of our Association after World War II, and he presented it to President Truman, who signed it. Here in the White House. Right here in the White House. to give you a copy of that thing for yourself, the sheet, when you take it out, the sheet music is in the back. We're going to leave a copy with you. We're going to ask that you would sign it, and we would like to hang that copy with your signature in our archives at ROA, because it's a little copy that we're going to do. The music for the sheet music is inside, Mr. President. Do you want to ask what you want? No, no, we have another one. This is for you. This is yours. This is yours. We want another copy. Isn't there? You sure it's in there? Oh, yeah. They have the copy. They have the copy. Oh. Well, I thank you very much. You're welcome, sir. Last time, member, I'm not expecting that. Sir, we've got an issue. I never miss the opportunity. Back in 83, we fought for two decades to get that assistant-sucked death for reserve affairs. You signed the bill in the Congress in there, wisdom, one of the rare occasions. Fast the law, and you signed it. There's some reorganization going on now over in the Pentagon that in our judgment diminishes the authority of that office. And with the increase in the reserve capability, I wanted to bring up your attention. And I wouldn't leave without leaving the letter and everybody shaking their heads. But I want you to get it, because we're in here to fight to keep this nation strong. And we think, again, with reserve forces now being one half or a little more, we need to have that exposure at a high level. So we want some help. We want some support. But we're in there hanging in there with you. Good luck to you, Mr. Chairman. You wouldn't be offended. I would have to tell. When I was called to have to do you in World War II, and I have a vision problem, and I was tagged in limited service by the Cavalry or anything with that tag on there. But again, they examined me at Fort Mason in San Francisco. Two doctors, and they took my glasses off. And I couldn't even read the top line. One of them said to me, if we sent you overseas, you'd shoot a general. The other one said, can't you miss it? That goodness for that. Did they find that out at old Fort Des Moines? Where was it? No, that was after I got to Fort Mason. No, as a matter of fact, there was a little cheating when I moved to Fort Mason. And they found out where I was without my glasses. They told me that there was a provision. You know, no one in those days ever thought there's going to be another war. They told me that if you couldn't get to an Army post for an examination, why you could just have a civilian doctor examine you, which I did. He was also a companion in our reservoirs. So I got the commission already. Mr. President, one thing we're looking at also in ROA is the US merchant marine. You've been awfully good to the armed forces. And the US merchant marine carries them there. We're looking at that as a very critical aspect of national defense. Well, we have some provisions that have been helpful. I know too, and I don't think there's going to be any change in those. Anything we can do to help you, sir? Anything we can do to help you? Well, not right now. The thing we're dealing with is the drug bill up on the hill right now, trying to get it before they get out of town. But I'll let you know. Well, we fought hard on the 48-hour issue because with Rebecca, of course, and again, thanks to you, we had good results again. Because we want to thank you for the spirit that you put across this country in the last eight years. We've gone on from people asking us how much longer you have to go to those meetings to, gee, I wish I could go to those reserve meetings and be a part of it. And that's a spirit that nobody's been able to do. And I don't know how many years. And now, these last eight years, we've got that spirit across that country that just keeps going. We can't think of a number of that. We've gone to a big waiting list in the Air Force Reserve now. We have people lining up, lining up to come in. You didn't see that a few years ago. Now there's just that spirit. This is Mr. Yagash Gandhi, who is the president. He's the founder of the Memorial Foundation. And I want to tell you one thing. In 1983, when I first came to the United States to receive the Oscars, I wrote a letter to you. And in 1984, when you resisted the General Assembly in the UN, and you quoted Mahatma Gandhi, I was so moved, you know? Well, thank you. And I would like to take this opportunity and give you the Gandhi button. And I would like to wear this button. Thank you. You mean for this occasion here? I think it would be perfect for this occasion. Thank you very much. Those are the people that have come out. I'm glad you are. I'm off that way, yes. President Manojani, I'm the chairman of the Gandhi Foundation. Well, it's nice to see you there. Thank you so much, very much. Santana, vice president. Good afternoon, president. I'm Chandasagradha from the U.S. State of California. Well, thank you. Do you know my name is Laurel Burrach. Nice to meet you. I'm Alderdona. I'm Tito Samai. You did it? Very nice to meet you. I'm Sasakai. Thank you. Yes. Oh, yes. President, hello, Mr. Shibway. Oh, he's doing so well. Nice to meet you. I used to do it. Thanks. President, Joel had to come around. How are you? Just fine. President John Porter. It's the last time I'm going to get a chance to say this. Jim Wichita. Jim Wichita. You guys want to come down while we get everybody over here? It's on the other side. There, good. I think I'm just going to have to kind of over here. How's this? I can't move back. Okay, Mark, we've got to leave. That's right. That's right. This time, I would like to request to Mr. Giani to say a few words about Mahatma Gandhi, what he said was. And then, first and foremost, we will leave this. Ronald Wilson Rating, 14th President of the United States of America. This Mahatma Gandhi World Peace Award is presented for his tireless efforts on behalf of the world at peace and free from the threat of nuclear annihilation. The signing of the IMF treaty stands as a landmark in charting a new cause for a safer, saner, and more hopeful future for all of humanity. The Mahatma Gandhi World Peace Award honors the memory of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of nonviolence by honoring President Ronald Reagan, who has and is making a difference in the world by fostering world peace, nonviolence, and human dignity. I, Ronald B. Mujani, as Chairman of the Gandhi Foundation, am proud and deeply honored to present you with the Mahatma Gandhi World Peace Award. And this award, Mr. Ryoichi Sasakawa was the recipient of the Mahatma Gandhi World Peace Award last year. So Mr. Mujani requesting Mr. Sasakawa today to present this award for 1988. Mr. Sasakawa sitting very next to me talks with intelligence for being once again to verify the world for its beauty in pleasure and honour to be able to congratulate you today on this siege in Mucanthi World Peace Award. But I'm very proud of the hope I can be deserving of this. I had to push down because I had to make a note, too, and so many of them didn't want to miss any of it. I hope the foundation deserves commendation for all of its efforts in recognizing and honoring an individual who promoted human rights and dignity for all people who continues to be an inspiration to Asian Indian Americans. The reason I had to make the notes here was because I wanted to mention the past recipients of this award. Mother Teresa, 1984. Jimmy Carter in 1985. President DeCano in 1986. The Japanese ship building, known to you. President Sasakawa in 1987. I understand that General Secretary Gorbachev will be receiving this next month for what he has done. Well, again, I repeat, I'm just deeply grateful to you. I'm highly honored, and I hope I can be deserving of it. Thank you. And again, I would like to thank you very much that you have signed the legislation into law, designating October 2, 1988 as a national moment today for Mahatma Gandhi in this country. And I thank you, and also I thank for the Senators and all the congressmen who has helped us, particularly Senators Wynia and Congresswoman Insula, who have taken the leadership for this legislation, and you made a history in this country.


But once you've got the system, then you are able to reduce the cost because your input cost is not that high because you're using your copper pitch, that's the expense you have, and the seedlings that you have and then you just have to make sure that you pay your water bill.


From theCUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston, connecting with thought leaders all around the world, this is a CUBE Conversation. Hey, welcome back, everybody. Jeff Frick here with theCUBE. We're in our Palo Alto studios today. We got through March, this is some really crazy times, but we're taking advantage of the opportunity to reach out to some of the community leaders that we have in our community to get some good tips and tricks as to kind of how to deal with this current situation, all the working from home, school from home, and we're really excited to have one of the experts one of my favorite CUBE guests. We haven't had her on since October, 2017, which I find crazy, and would love to welcome into the CUBE via the remote dial in Rachel Tobek. She is the CEO of Social Proof Security. Rachel, great to see you, and I cannot believe that we have not sat down since 2017. I know, I can't believe it. It's been so much time. Thanks for having me back. Absolutely, but we're good Twitter friends, so it's like exchanging stuff all the time. So first off, great to see you. Just to kind of an introduction, tell us a little bit about Social Proof Security and your very unique specialty. Yes, Social Proof Security is all about social engineering and protecting you from those types of attackers. So basically we help you understand how folks manipulate you and try and gain access to your information.  So training and testing. All right, well, I'm gonna toot your horn a little bit louder than that, because I think it's amazing. I mean, I think you are basically 100% undefeated in hacking people during contests, at conventions, live. And it's fascinating to me, and why I think it's so important is it's not a technical hack at all. It's a human hack, and your success is amazing, and I've seen you do it. There's tons of videos out there with you doing it. So what are kind of just the quick and dirty takeaways that people need to think about knowing that there are social hackers, not necessarily machine hackers out there trying to take advantage of them? What are some of our just inherent weaknesses that we just have built into the system? Yeah, thanks for your kind words, too. I appreciate that.  And so I might pretend to be similar to you so that I can build rapport with you.   So for instance, if I know you have a dog, then I might play a YouTube video of a dog barking and try and gain access to information about your systems or your data while pretending to be IT support, for example. And that's really tough because three minutes into the conversation, we're already talking about our dog breeds and now you wanna trust me more. But unfortunately, just because we have something in common, it doesn't mean that I am who I say I am. And so I always recommend people are politely paranoid. It just basically means that you use two methods of communication to confirm that people are who they say they are. And if they're trying to get you to divulge sensitive information or go through with a wire transfer, for instance, you wanna make sure that you check that first. We've just saw an example of this with Barbara Corcoran, famously on Shark Tank, where she has many investments in real estate. And unfortunately, a cyber criminal was able to take advantage and get almost, I think, $400,000 wired over to them and they did lose that money because they were able to take advantage of the bookkeeper, the accountant, and the assistant. And folks just were not checking back and forth that people are who they say they were with multiple methods of communication. It's crazy. A friend of mine actually is in the real estate business and we were talking earlier this year and he got a note from his banker. Looked like his banker's email. It was the guy's name that he works with all the time. He was talking about a transfer. It didn't have a bunch of weird misspellings and bad grammar and all kind of the old school things that kind of would expose it as a hack. And he picked up the phone and called the guy and said, we don't have a transaction happening right now. Why did you send this to me? So it gets really, really, really good. But let's dive into just a little vocabulary one-on-one. When people talk about phishing and spear phishing, what does that exactly mean for people that aren't really familiar with those terms? Sure. But most likely you're going to see it happen for email. In fact, with COVID-19 right now, we've seen through Google's transparency report on phishing that there's been a 350% increase in phishing attacks and I believe risk IQ did research that said that there were 300,000 plus suspicious COVID-19 phishing websites that were just spun up in the past couple of weeks. It's pretty scary, but basically what they're trying to do is get you to input your credentials. They're trying to get access to your machine or your credentials so that they can use them on other high value sites, gain access to your information, your data, your points, your sensitive data basically and use that against you. It's really tough. Unfortunately, criminals don't take a break even in crisis. Yeah, they're not self-isolating unfortunately.  So that's interesting. So I was going to ask you kind of what is the change in the landscape now? So you answered it a little bit there, but then the other huge thing that's happening now is everybody's working from home. They're all on Zoom. They're all on Skype, WebEx. And you've actually had some really timely posts just recently about little things that people should think about in terms of just settings on Zoom to avoid some of the really unfortunate things that are popping in kind of randomly on Zoom meetings. So I wonder if you could share some of those tips and tricks with the audience. Yeah, absolutely. Some of the big issues that we're seeing recently is what people have coined as Zoom bombing. It's all over the news. So you've probably heard about it before, but in case you're wondering exactly what that is, it's whenever an attacker either guesses your Zoom ID code and you don't have a password on your Zoom call that you're in the middle of, or they might gain access to your Zoom ID code because maybe you took a screenshot of your Zoom and posted that to social media. And now if you don't have password protection or waiting rooms on, they can just join your call. And sometimes you might not notice that they're on the call which could lead to a privacy issue, data breach for instance, or just a sensitive data leak. If they join via the phone, you might not even notice that they're on the call. And so it is really important to make sure that you have password protection on for your Zoom and you have waiting rooms enabled. And you don't wanna take pictures of your workstation. I know that's really tough for folks because they want to showcase how connected they are during these difficult times. I do understand that, but realize that when you take those screenshots of your workstation, this is something that we just saw in the news with Boris Johnson just a few days ago, he posted an image of his Zoom call and it included some of the software that he used. And so you just mentioned spearfishing, right? I can look at some of that software, get an idea for maybe the version of his operating system, the version of some of the software he might be using on his machine and craft a very specific spearfish just for him that I know will likely work on his machine with his software installed because I understand the version and the known vulnerabilities in that software. So there's a lot of problems with posting those types of pictures and as a blanket rule, you're not gonna wanna take pictures of your workstation, especially not now. Okay, so I remember that lesson that you taught me when we're in Houston at Grace Opera. Do not take selfies in front of your work laptop because as you said, you can identify all types of OS information and app information that gives you an incredible advantage when you're trying to hack into my machine. Yeah, that's true. And I think a lot of people don't realize, you know, they're like, well, everybody uses a browser, everybody uses PowerPoint, for example, but sometimes the icons and logos that you have on your machine really give me good information about the exact version and potentially the versions that might be out of date on your machine. When I can look up those known vulnerabilities pretty easily, that's a pretty big risk. The other thing that we see is people will take screenshots and I can see their desktop. And when I can see your desktop, I might know the naming convention that you use for your files, which I can name drop with you or talk about on the phone or over email to convince you that I really do have access to your machine like I am IT support or something. Yeah, it's great stuff. So for people who want more of this great stuff, go to Rachel's Twitter handle. I'm sure we have it here on the lower third. You've got the great piece with the last week with John Oliver with hacking the voting machines, like a week before the elections last year, which was phenomenal. And now I just saw you're in this new HBO piece where you actually just sit down at the desk with the guy running the show and hacking the system. So really good stuff, really simple stuff. Let's shift gears one more time, really in terms of what you're doing now, you said you're doing some help in the community to directly help those in need as we go through this crisis and people are trying to find a way to help. Tell us a little bit more about what you're doing. Yeah, as soon as I started noticing how intense COVID-19 was wreaking havoc on the hospital and healthcare systems in the world, I decided to just make my services available for free. And so I kind of put out a call on all my social medias and let folks know, hey, if you need training, if you need support, if you just want to walk through some of your protocols and how I might gain access to your systems or your sensitive data through those protocols, let me know and I'll chat with you. And I've had an amazing response, being able to work with hospitals all over the world for free to make sure that they have the support that they need during COVID-19. It really does mean a lot to me because it's tough. I feel kind of powerless in the situation. There's not a lot that I can personally do. There are many, many brave folks who are out there risking it all every single day to be able to do the work to keep folks safe. So just trying to do something to help support the healthcare industry as they save lives. Well, that's great. I mean, and it is great because if you're helping the people that are helping, you know, you are helping maybe not directly with patients, but that's really important work. And, you know, there's a lot of stuff now that's coming out in terms of, you know, kind of this tunnel vision on COVID-19 and letting everything else kind of fall by the wayside, including other medical procedures and, you know, that there's going to be a lot of collateral damage that we don't necessarily see because the COVID situation has kind of displaced everything out and kind of blown it out. So, you know, anything that you can do to help people get more out of their resources, protect their vulnerabilities is nothing but goodness. So thank you, thank you for doing that.  There's some simple steps you can take to be a little bit less vulnerable. Yeah, I think something that we hear a lot is that people kind of give a blanket piece of advice, like don't click links. And that's not really actionable advice because a lot of times you are required to click links or download that PDF attachment from HR. And many times it is legitimate for work. And so that type of advice isn't really the type of advice I like to give instead. I like to say just be politely paranoid and use two methods of communication to confirm it is legitimate before you go ahead and do that. And it'll take a little bit of time. I'm not gonna lie, it'll take you an extra 30 seconds to 60 seconds to just chat somebody and say, hey, quick question about that thing you sent over. But you can start to change the security consciousness of your culture and maybe they'll put out a chat while they send out an email from HR to let you know that it is legitimate. And then you're kind of starting the cycle at the beginning and people don't have to, not every single person has to ask individually. You can start getting that security consciousness going where people are politely paranoid and they know that you're going to be too. So they're going to preempt it and make sure you understand something's legitimate with the second form of communication. Great tip. I'm a little taken aback. Everybody now wants to get their scores so high, their customer satisfaction score. So like after every transaction you get these silly surveys, you know, how is your time at Safeway, your Bank of America, all these things. Survey monkey, I don't even know how those businesses stay in anymore. I'm not click on any Bank of America customer satisfaction or Safeway customer satisfaction link. But I will be politely paranoid and look for the right ones to click on. That's good, that's good. And use two methods of communication to confirm they're real. That's right, two factor authentication. All right, well, Rachel, thank you for taking a few minutes of your time. Thank you for your good work with the hospitals and the community and really enjoy catching up as always, love your work. And I'm sure we'll be talking to you more on Twitter. Thanks for having me on again and I'll see you on the internet. All right, be safe. Thank you. All right, that was Rachel. I'm Jeff, you're watching theCUBE. We're coming to you from our Palo Alto studios. Thanks for watching. Stay safe and we'll see you next time.


A full-scale landfill leachate treatment system was monitored and evaluated for the removal of major pollutants, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. The system included primary sedimentation, biological treatment and sequencing batch reactors, reverse osmosis, and mechanical vapor recompression of operation. Samples were taken over two years from different points of the system while power consumption was calculated based on available equipment and hours of operation. Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated using appropriate equations and operational characteristics of the system. Biological treatment resulted in significant removal of BOD5 and NH4N while reverse osmosis increased the removal of all pollutants. Power consumption was 35.3 kilowatt-hour per m3 of treated leachate with mechanical vapor recompression of operation accounting for 60.5 percent of total energy required. The roots blower vacuum pump and blowers providing air to sequencing batch reactors were the most energy-intensive pieces of apparatus. Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated at 27.7 kGCO2 eq per m3 of treated leachates with biological treatment and mechanical vapor recompression of operation contributing to 45.7 percent and 44.1 percent of total emissions respectively. The study reveals that an integrated landfill leachate treatment system can produce high-quality effluent while protecting the aquatic environment, but further research is needed on sustainable management of reverse osmosis concentrate. Mechanical vapor recompression of operation significantly contributes to the environmental footprint due to high energy consumption and elevated greenhouse gas emissions. This article was authored by Konstantinos Tsampinoglo, Olga P. Kautsu, and Athanasius S. Stassinakis. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


The federal government has commissioned a 3.5 million cubic water capacity dam that would power at least 150 hectares of irrigation farmland in Oumu, Iran, and local government area of Quarra State in a pilot irrigation program for Quarra South Sanitorial District. The federal government has thrown lower Niger river basin authority, allowing commissions similar dam in several local governments for similar irrigation projects in Quarra North Sanitorial District. Speaking of the commissioning in the area, the Minister of Water Resources, engineer Suleymana Demu was represented by the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry, D.D. Wilson, Jackson and Co. people of the community take up the advantage of the potential of the dam to boost food security and create jobs for themselves. With the commissioning of this project, the good and peace-loving people of the Oumuara community will be able to engage in year-round farming activities. The community's food production will increase while income generation will be enhanced due to increase in farm yield. This, we believe, would bring about a general positive change in the overall socio-economic well-being of the people in the community and Nigeria as a whole. With the commissioning of this, I see great progress in this combination of dams, that is the dam for water supply, and irrigation scheme, and I urge the people of Oumuara to leverage on its potential for socio-economic development, including provision of more food and to attract investors and to create more jobs. I see great progress.


Hi everybody Joe for jazby's case breaks calm coming at you with a quick little three-box break of 2021 Panini contenders football Pick your team at number 14. Now if you follow the instructions here, you got a chance to win some break credit a very big Thank you to this group for making it happen Appreciate it now Robert actually won the Jaguars. We did a single team filler for that, but I don't know wait who ended up with last Bond mojo, then probably will right yeah will with the Niners and Patriots But those teams Both of those teams in the in one order gets double last bond mojo The spreadsheet here too. All right, it's in the it's in the spreadsheet now as well. All right, so it's official All right, so thank you everyone for making this happen now. Looks like Jason marked this one right here He's got it. He's got twos marked right over here and three Over here use that one right there One two three four five six on the dice roll One two three four, so it'll be the middle stack right there wouldn't Jags be last five Gila I've been doing this for Maybe eight nine years now. I think I know her last all right. There you go five autographs of box There's my knife Good luck everybody last bond mojo for the uninitiated as for the Is to highlight the last team's purchase outright or last spot purchased outright maybe give try to give a little extra mojo to the He blew by spots straight up especially the last one close out of break right first box good luck Let's see what we got our first autograph is for Dallas. That's Brandon Smith And it's will picked up the Dallas Cowboys rookie ticket autograph supernatural 30 out of 99 trade lance And this is a round numbers card we'll do left right randomizers on these oh There may be points points winner take all on the points supernatural That's for will and the Niners And there's Davis Mills rookie ticket on card autograph I Got a little excited here. Sorry skipped off the page That'll be for Houston. That's gonna go to will I say this every time But I feel like a lot of people thought Houston would be in on the quarterbacks market, but they're not I guess they're rolling with Davis Mills I actually had a decent end to the his rookie campaign Be cool if he kept that up Be good for the hobby And he guesses on this redemption for bragging rights Here's rookie ticket autograph Greg Rousseau defensive end For the bills will with the bills Buffalo Got Pete Warner isn't he a The guitar player for fallout boy That goes to the Saints. That's gonna be for Oliver Brandon guessing Kyle Pitts Jilo guessing CD lamb Diego guessing to to out well It's gonna be Penae Sewell rookie ticket autograph That is for Aaron and the Lions With a big offensive lineman for that strong offensive line in Detroit All right box two Yeah, battle a penmanship from the kids these days Very strong. I've been texting everyone texts now, right? No one's writing letters to people anymore No one's signing checks. That's why the dog the the the jaskies we want another daughter the jaskies want to Start jaskies autograph camp We had a jaskies autograph camp. We would have guys like Ozzie Smith and Mariana Rivera Aaron Nola To show up at jaskies autograph camp, you know and put them through a course on. Hey, let's let's make a cool lot They're busy putting email signatures on cards Jilo that didn't work on email signatures. Not their actual signatures All right next box and for the Jets. We got Jason Pinnock rookie ticket autograph for Will and New York, right? Yeah, gotta get the Hawk on board. He'll be a guest speaker Maybe even the keynote speaker. I got Darren Hall. That is for will and the Falcons We got for the Broncos Javante Williams on card autograph for Denver. That's from Mike Another redemption another chance to guess for bragging rights Let me know in the chat and we've got rookie ticket autograph Peyton Turner That is for Oliver and the Saints turn around All right, Diego sticking with tutu at will Mr. Milo Justin Fields Jilo thing is gonna be the same as a last redemption Penae Sewell And we have seen repeats before that's not a bad guess Kyle dirty pits nice dirty dirty pits for the dirty birds Jamar Chase other guests Let's pay off This tease here the reveal is it's gonna be It's gonna be Tommy Tremble I don't think anyone guessed Tommy Tremble. I don't even know where Tommy Tremble goes He sounds like a Steel St. Steel St. Steel St. No a Carolina panther So that's gonna go to will Final box. Good luck everybody. And we got Carlos boogie bashing Buffalo It's will with the bills and we got a die cut Tickets of autograph nine out of 32 Killin Hill Scott with the Packers Hopefully they will like lots of hits never heard these guys though Hopefully they'll turn in superstars this year this upcoming season will Just stick them in a drawer Stick them in the back of a drawer or something like that and check in on it You know by the end of the calendar year. It's to Von Diggs with the bills It's not for a second. There's Jay Tuffle Defensive tackle for the Jaguars. That's gonna be for Robert. Hey, that's not bad Draft class autograph 49 out of 49 Travis Etienne, Jr There you go Robert with the Jaguars one that in the filler. Hopefully he has a great season this year Hopefully he's recovered. He's healthy And we've got rookie ticket autograph Michael Carter and that's for will and the Jets Jilo is wondering how does bill come from will? I'll tell you Jilo. I'll tell you right now When you turn the W sideways And there you go gang Now let's randomize left right randomizers and give away some money. So let's go back to random org Let's go left and right And then let's go back to the list here So if you follow the instructions if you buy at least an even number of teams Half of that becomes entries half that amount I guess so if you buy four teams You'll get two entries six teams three entries so on and so forth and we randomize the entries only top two When five hundred dollars or break credit each? So let's go back to the list here Sort that by your first names Aaron got two teams It's one entry Aaron other Aaron got four teams That's two entries Alan got two teams. That's an entry Matt got two teams. That's an entry Mike got five teams for the purpose of the promo four count two entries Oliver bought two teams. That's an entry Scott bought two teams. That's an entry and Will got a bunch of teams 12 teams That is six entries All right, so I got I just want to spot check again make sure This will Scott Oliver Mike Matt Alan Aaron another Aaron all right I'll Oliver. Yeah, he had two teams. That's one entry right there All right, so let's gather all the names here and Put them into this last list One dice roll for both lists. Let's roll it randomize each list three and a five eight times one two three four five six seven and eighth and final time after eight left side cards Left side cards will get those round number of cards All right top two after eight five hundred dollars break credit each after three and a five eight times one Good luck two three four five six Seven and eighth and final time after eight will five hundred bucks go on your way Mike $500 of break credit go on your way to jaspyscasebreaks.com check your emails if you don't see it check your spam folder Congrats, it'll arrive to you. It'll say gift card. Actually, it'll arrive to you as a gift card I'm Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com. We've got another three box of contenders in the store Let's run it back. We'll see you next time for the next one. Bye. Bye