Well, thank you very much for being part of this morning conversation today, it's all about understanding depression and unemployment, how do they connect and what is the rate of depression when it comes to unemployment, how does unemployment increase the rate of depression in the country? We have many youths who are so concerned about where they're going to get their next source of income. That is an issue that we want to have today in studio. Being part of this conversation is what you do not want to miss. Remember, as we talk about depression, we want to find out what are the things we need to do in order to prevent or reduce the rates of depression in the country. I'm joined by none other than Maureen Gashiru, she is a counsellor and a psychologist. Thank you so much. Thank you for finding time for good morning. Niko poka. You look lovely today. Thank you. And even as you talk about this particular conversation on depression and so that you engage with us on our social media handles, the hashtag is why in the morning at Ram Maguko, and at why to say for channel is where you can find us. Remember, you can also find Maureen. Are you also on social media? Yes, I'm on social media. You can find me on Instagram, underscore Maureen, underscore Gashiru. And you can also follow my rehabilitation centre, New Health Medical Centre. That is where you can find her on social media and also how you can be able to get in touch with her. Remember, we are coming live from the broadcasting house here in Nairobi, Kenya. We are also live on our website at www.kbc.co.ke 4thLashY254. Let's get this conversation going Maureen. I would like first of all to start with what you do. Tell us a bit more about yourself and the things that you engage in, especially as a psychologist and counsellor. Thank you so much. First of all, for having me here. You're welcome. It's awesome to be here. I've never been on TV before. First time? Yes. I'm happy to. I'm happy to have initiated you. Yes. It's a dream come true. It's a dream come true. I know, I know. Thank you. Thank you. So, my name is Maureen Nomboy Gashiru. I am from a place called Gashiru in Kiambu County. And well, I studied counselling psychology at the University of Nairobi just here. Wow. Yes, and I graduated in 2016. After that, well, I didn't start practising counselling immediately because I didn't really know what, I didn't know where to get a job or where to start. You're tracking. Yes. Looking for a place to start from. Yes. When did you get a job? You found a job after how long? I found a job after one year. One year? Yes, after leaving campus. I found my first job in 2018. Yes. And if I get you right, you've had experience in this field. Yes. You know, for many, I don't know how it was for you. They say that within some five years experience. No, I graduated 2016. I took a five years experience. How did you go through that hurdle? It was tough. I had to start from scratch volunteering, doing internships, all those things. And then so when you're doing all those things, you start being exposed to the field. You meet people who show you where you can get jobs and all that. So that is basically how I started. I'm looking at your line of work. You've interacted with people who are depressed. What are some of the stories that you've encountered along the line of duty that have actually touched you? You know, there are those things that will miskill you.  There are those stories that you hear and then they shock you. They take you back a few steps to just think about how things are. What are some of those experiences and encounters you've had with people in this line of work, cancelling them, especially when it comes to depression? Okay. There's this lady who called me last week. Yeah, it was last week. And then she's 20, how old was she? She was 26. She has three kids and her family abandoned her.  Wow, wow. It's because of the pressure of the kids. But at the end of 26, and three kids. I think she got the first kid when she was a teenager. So the family felt they needed to isolate themselves from her. They chased her away from home. So she has been on the streets begging, moving from house to house. People sometimes host her relatives. But then it has been so hard for her. Because by the time when she called me, New Health Medical Center had gone to cities and radio. That's where you work? Yes, that's where I work. And we talked about what we do. We are a rehabilitation center. And we also deal with issues to do with mental health. Anything mental health. Depression, loss and grief, suicidal thoughts, all that. So that is where the lady got a number from. She called me. And okay, that was a hard one for me. It was. Because now you don't know how to help. Because now it involves even other people. You're not just dealing with an individual. You're dealing with an individual, the children and the family at large. A person who is in that kind of a position, because I'm sure that someone is watching and they are in that position and they have no clue on what to do. What would be just that piece of advice that you can give them as a counselor? So number one, the first thing I'd recommend that always works is seeking professional help. In every government hospital nowadays, you'll find there counselors or rather just mental health professionals. So the minute you walk into a hospital, just tell the doctor that whatever you're dealing with, it could be suicidal ideations or depression. It could be you don't even know what is going on, but you feel you're not okay. Because sometimes that is what people report. I just feel my life is a mess and I feel lost. I don't know what to do anymore. So just walk into a hospital, ask for a counselor. Talk to somebody. Talk to someone. What are some of the things that always push someone into having suicidal thoughts? Because we're looking at unemployment. And remember this is depression and unemployment specifically. Unemployment. How far can it go? Because every Kenyan is looking for a job. Almost every Kenyan. But not all. Almost every Kenyan is looking for a job. But what differentiates one person from another to the point that two people who graduated on the same year are having different mindsets. One wants to commit suicide and another is still trying to get to make those applications. What triggers these thoughts of suicide? Okay, the first thing I know triggers everyone is underlying issues. If you have issues that happened in the past and you haven't dealt with them, they will always present themselves in the future. Always. So these issues that you talk about now come in and are triggered by unemployment? They can be triggered by unemployment if they are related. Say in the past maybe you've been rejected. And then right now you're trying to look for a job. And then you get rejected. You get rejected. So you'll start feeling you're not worthy, you're helpless, you're hopeless, you're sad all the time, all those things start bombarding your mind. So you start feeling like... Okay, the employment acts as a precipitating factor or something that triggers whatever has been underlying. So how does someone separate these two issues? What happened to me in the past and what is happening to me right now? Is there a way that you can be able to separate these emotions? Or is it how hard can it be? Okay, it's hard. It's hard because most people, honestly speaking, most people are not self aware. Most people, they don't have the emotional intelligence to actually acknowledge that this is how I'm feeling and this is what I need to do about it. Most people will just feel and then they will, you know, they don't even know what to do with their emotions. They cover it up. And it is quite interesting what you're saying, Maureen. Being self aware is actually a step towards recovery. Yes. I've had so many conversations on depression and I don't know if it is two weeks ago, we were looking into suicide awareness, it was suicide awareness day and I was having this particular conversation with someone and then they were saying that being self aware is actually what can separate you from having suicidal thoughts because you know what triggers you, you know what affects you. How then can someone improve their sense of comfortability, their sense of awareness? How can someone improve their sense of comfortability, because you will get rejected so many times. Yes, so many times.  What you are saying, you are nothing. Yes. How do you, what should someone do to have that hard skin because in life, of course, life can throw your calf ball. Yes. And unfortunately there is nothing you can do about it. Yes, you can't control. You can't control how people treat you. You can't. What do you do? So normally self awareness is divided into three concepts and the first thing about self awareness is accepting your self image or the way you see yourself. Yes. You must first of all accept your physical self. Love yourself. Love yourself. Acknowledge that you exist.  Because sometimes you might find someone home. People think they are beautiful, they are handsome, they look good. But for them, they always feel, ah, apana. I'm not good enough. I'm not good enough. Yes, I'm not good enough. And that's why. It was last week that we were having this conversation about some ladies who go for medically induced body parts. You feel you're not good enough and you get, but you're looking for a job as a secretary and there they want someone who looks in a particular way or as a model. Or someone who looks in a particular way and it affects your self esteem. Yes, of course it will. Because self esteem is the other concept of self awareness.  And it doesn't depend on material possessions. It doesn't depend on the family where you come from or the type of job you have. It's something that comes naturally. There are people who are begging in the streets and they have very high self esteem. Ah. Yes. There is a lawyer or a big person somewhere who doesn't have self esteem. So self esteem isn't about class. No. No. It's about an individual. Yes. Wow. I want us to take a short break. After this we'll be back. But after this when we're coming I want you to tell us what do we need to do to reduce the rate of depression especially among the youth? Is there a solution? Is it possible? We are seeing so many youths kill each other. We need to change the way we live. We need to change the way we live. Because we are saying you have stressed me up. And because of unemployment they can't pay rent. They can't get school fees. They can't get food. And they are suffering outside here. And some end up becoming thieves. And they are youths. We are your neighbors. What do we do? Keep the conversation going on the hashtag Y254 channel. We are taking a short break. We'll be back in a bit. This is Y254. Y254. Imagine.


I'm back today with another spark video huge show to everybody to name your subscribe Make sure you subscribe, but give me a thumbs up and do not skip those as it is just line second And it's helpful to get to this back in this video guess what baby? This is my first try and trying to get reactivated on all the way sparked up So you guys want to make sure you say to the full video also if you want to buy some of the merch We define a brand of breastbearing on the front of you ask me all you got do is email me at Wrongshouseofusatgma.com and let me know what you trying to do my flow sick like the flu Hope you guys enjoy the video make sure you subscribe and give me a thumbs up and do not skip those as it's time Let's get to this bag. Let's go Water 7.2 miles for 1434. We part of pull up against is done. Look, I know this ain't the best of orders Me the way go we trying to get an order We trying to get done as fast as possible because guess what it is fortunately a lot of weekend And it's gonna be a lot of cars out here. So we're trying to get busy. How we get busy. Hope you guys are with me Let's go. Oh Okay, that's perfect. How you doing this morning? I'm doing great. I'm still living come on Exactly Some people didn't make it this morning. Some people didn't wake up. So they've got to be grateful for that Exactly When he went to sleep for the last time Are you having good unless I appreciate it Joe at the Sam's Club order to get in order and I think I'm gonna pull off a dog for this one just because We don't have that much home, baby. So I'm gonna drop this right here And they got that milk that milk that milk I don't want to mess up that bridge. So I mean, that's why I'm using that. I'm using Dolly I'm gonna put these right here first. I'm trying to lean back like that Joe and my business partner already hit him with the photo already because we're trying to hear if we get all the way Sparked up again, and we already it was like 18 already So you know that Walmart order drop it 21 it's up a 20 month savage So we hit him with the photo already now, we gotta drop this food off so we can keep on moving to keep on working I'm time out Comment below and let me know how your day going so far and we wake up.  So either way go we go. We don't keep on grinding. We're gonna never stop. Let's go We've been sitting for like 30 minutes guys. It's critical All the bays are filled up. You're gonna put all this stuff This big order to get an order, baby, they got so much stuff I hope you guys can hear me cuz they over there doing something. I think they couldn't have to treat or something But they got all these water about About to be a party y'all and I had to park on the street because they got to be part of my way Enjoy That's what we were at Walmart waiting for 42 minutes to get in a big 42 minutes guys We had the one order already was on like one item. Yeah, we had to wait all that time for these pops Yeah, baby about to get busy it's gonna get warm out here to God. Oh, we got some tissue, too So now we're gonna get the pop skis This was a huge order, but it was only a few I it's only They cook cold in the sparkly about to get right great Party it's gonna be a party Party party I'm just gonna take this man because I ain't got time to be playing games I might I might be able to no no no no no cuz then that's how you drop stuff, baby So we want to be careful. Oh That's what was leaning back like that Joe lean back Lean back Let's go. This is back in the car ski Put them in the car ski ski Hopefully we get like a good order man because they're way way way behind now because Walmart took so long They had cars galore. They had so many cars They got a sign Yeah, so hold on Put that in the pocket rocket in my pocket. I'm gonna pop it I'm signing for them. Let me just put that like that until I get up there They had every single base feel their Walmart. I'm tomorrow all the base feel so That's what took them so long But it is what it is, baby.  Where this sign with your finger Yes, ma'am. Thank you very much. You have a great one We are here job.  Get on the phone smack on the door Let's go order number three. It's time to get busy for the 5.9 miles for 2950 R.I.P. Nick. I got the nifty blue all day, baby. All right, let's go. Y'all been super busy Man gurney been so busy.  That's why I don't get mad at y'all cuz it ain't y'all fault really Yes, sir, you have a good one. Yes, sir Jump off order number one. Look, we only got to jump off some bread to get it here, baby Jump like it's hot step back. You know the photo you already know those Oh Let's go to we are here it's time to get busy baby.   That's what I'm gonna do. I'm gonna put all this in one hand if these bands you understand grab these eggs and go right here Let's go I'm gonna go through these I'm gonna go over here man because the car is like blocking away. So we're gonna walk away. Oh step step step Don't come out time for us to get busy It's okay, doggy doggy don't give me doggy doggy. It's okay They're right there Time for us to get busy We talking shit all everywhere This one here now Well, what about the way time to get busy I have a tendency to always drop stuff like put stuff like put this big old bag right in my way Where I can be putting the food that I'll be to wait comment below. Let me know if I'll be tweaking tweaking And then with the bad oh Whoa, whoa, whoa, buddy, huh? You got them pickles. I'm gonna be careful with that Let's get that off to the side right here Stand up This thing even in the bag, I'm gonna put this in there.  They ought to talk That's up right there.  It's the card one item Mariano 0.4 miles for $15. We put it up a wheel. Let's go Got these Oreo. It's time to drop my baby. We dropped enough cookies to a cookie spot Not gonna do that But then come back and get busy. They just open this spot up In gurney this just join I have some of these joins but these joins we have me extra for they like cookies I guess they're gonna put the cookies on top of the cookies with the cookie cuz they ain't no rookies Excuse me They got the back door. Oh somebody come through and give me every give me all the cookies Damn, they don't hear that joint. Yeah, the pocket. I might have to go in the front But he's gonna be kind of weird cuz they told us to bring it to the back door, but they Stop walking this John Excuse me Come on, I'm gonna get these cookies man. What y'all doing?  Yeah You have a good one Hi Jerome, what can I help you with? Hey, how you doing Laura? I'm calling because My account was deactivated for some reason and I'm not sure why I've called you guys before and they said it They don't they don't know why you give me one second Jerome I'm going to just pull up your former ticket check to see if anybody's put out an appeal and then Do what I can find out. Give me one sec. Okay. Alrighty. Thank you. Hey Jerome. So sorry for the hold. Yes, ma'am Um, did the right or the agent that you spoke with um, yes on the 29th Well, did she give you a reference and say she was escalating that to send out an appeal No, she didn't have a reference for an appeal yet. No, she didn't tell me anything. She just said she don't know why That's all the Sasha K Agent you spoke with yes She says someone will call me in seven to ten days or something like that That's typically they don't unfortunately, I know that we used to like Ask that we get a reply to the drivers But the department that doesn't deactivation they say that I believe it's like in the when you're signing up on the spark app State that you can like be deactivated. They don't have to necessarily like give you a reason But I don't see that she put an appeal in To ask that your account be Reactivated, so I'm going to do that now. I will send you a reference Seven to ten days is kind of a stretch. Usually they get it done pretty quick And even on Saturdays like most departments have people, you know as far as Agents somebody will be in that and that department today So if you want to I would say give it a couple hours and you can call back and use the reference that I'm going to send to your email Just to see if just say hey whoever you talk to next When you call in the main line to hit to do get it you'll get it to your Q agent, okay? But just ask them to pull up the reference And see if there was an answer on the deactivation if they're gonna Reactivate you or not. And so I will get that reference to you. I'm sending the appeal right now Okay, so yeah, just give it a little while today and then give us a call back and we can check in on the ticket Okay, okay. I have a question for you. Do you have any idea why I got deactivated in the first place? Unfortunately, no Typically we don't See anything unless the driver like called it like we don't normally know Unless the driver like calls in to like make a complaint about you know, like say a customer or anything like that But like I'm not seeing anything from like a store associated or any calls that have been placed to us So it it would have been like an internal situation But I really I think it's just for privacy sake that they they want to keep it in this department It does the deactivation. Yeah, so I have no idea Okay The reasoning behind it unfortunately, I wish I could tell you because then it would be like you would know what to do Mm-hmm, or you know how to make a change. Yeah, I would want to know as well So yeah, I can't even be nosy to find out on my end. Yeah Okay, so you heard what she said on the all the way sparked them call I'm gonna call them back in a few hours to see if we can get back busy I hope they let me get back, baby. Me the way go. It's time for us to get that dough or number five. It's all the way Sparked up. Why am I water 2.2 miles for 1566? We about to get in the mix or number six is all like Hey, I go lots. Y'all lowkey messed up in Starbucks 2.4 miles for $10. We bought the pull-up. We are how we pop in our collar. Let's go You're welcome. We are here. Hope they got us to get it for me to run up just set it I'll pick up for Samara Thank you have a great one order man. We're missing the drink, baby Oh, this is Excuse me This is what for an over east order and you put in a bag for me. Thank you No, the other stuff already got it So it's more Okay, no worries But yeah He's on his stuff.  I was like this feel kind of like right when I grabbed it I was like well, there's a sticker on it. All right. You have a good one. You too.  You got that music planning trying to cut part of play Samara Samara Right here, you're welcome. You guys have a good one Y'all been super busy, huh?  Y'all just been working working working Yeah They even like make more people come in or no No, they just left it regular, huh? That was pretty smart.  No dig your time in half Except for what?  That has been critical I just want you to know It's been critical What y'all know about that come below and let me know if you know about that well, I made the remix up But you know if you know about that song in the first place Grab this stuff. I'm trying to I'm fine. I'm gonna be to trip wrong. I'm trying to be at least I'm gonna get this I'm gonna get this Then we're gonna go this way. They got the drop top must thing trying to do they thing to change lane Let's go That's that pine saw that lemon pine. So that's my favorite type of pine. So that land time that's gonna be smelling so bright So good All right, run that doorbell. Oh I hear the kiddos running this right here Got the diapers The milk that boy needs some milk Then go get the Oh, just look at some brownie.   The Sniggers. You all the Sniggers. Hello. How you doing? You're welcome. I'm doing great. I'm still living. I can't complain And then I have one more trip and then I'll be done. Thank you. You're welcome Just get busy, baby So we got to take these two tissues. Oh, just a two tissue I forgot I had to put the other one in the handski doesn't get these bandski skis Like that because I trunk put them in the trunk And this is this you're welcome. You have a great one Order number seven We thank you God for our blessing. Duncan don't know two points seven miles for ten dollars We pop in our color way. I hope you about to pull up and get busy.  Let's go Donuts get busy, baby. Yes, man for uh, no for over east for Robert R I said Robert is Roger. I'm tripping Yeah, you don't want to be on camera It's for uh for my youtube channel goes. It's called cars and cribs cars and cribs. So all is going to roger Yeah, you sure now you want your camera now saying You Yeah, let me wait.  This is everything. Are you sure? All right. Thank you very much. I appreciate it. You're welcome. Have a good day. You too. Thank you Just like that. We are here. So if this don't get donuts, baby, we got a bag, baby for this bag, you know what I'm talking about Drop this right here. Bye. Bye. Put the food right there. Bam Step back. I don't have to follow you already. I don't Smack little bell pack. Let's go order number eight. We best to get this cake, baby Oh one more one or 3.7 miles for 22 11. Thank god for our blessings. We're getting this money. We ain't stressing. Let's go Y'all still been super busy You're lucky, man. It was critical. It was real What is the TC Appreciate it We are here Joe if it's order to get an order, baby We've been getting a lot of single orders today. I don't know why but that's good, baby They've been paying them the good payoffs. You know what I'm talking about? Everybody probably trying to have a party and sit for a party. You know what I'm talking about? Shout out to Cardi B. Get with me, baby. You know what I'm talking about? Let's get busy. That boy be rounding like I'm on time, man I'm steady on the grind. Y'all gonna continue to see me shine even though they're kicking out sparks They got a pocket that's sticking around but comment below and let me know and spark is out of park for kicking me out Come on comment below and let me know you think they got a pocket. I don't know what I did They still don't don't know so I don't know. I don't know what it is, man But y'all heard what the lady said. She did say that it wasn't a story that caused anything from what she can see But she says they pretty much picked you up anything. We are trying to get this green Bop, rolling out the way So what I'm going to start doing is hitting the doorbell afterwards guys because I don't want to have to keep on editing Like I'm doing a lot of editing and taking the pictures off and everything But they're facing and everything so I'm trying to just run good with the end to get it in Let me get these evidence That editing is critical. Y'all think it's sweet, but it ain't. They get sweet by wrong Drop like it's hot That drone almost tipped over step back. Put up the phone. Y'all know those And the doorbell Let's go Account was deactivated and I was wondering uh, they also told me to give you guys a reference number when I gave you a call To see if there been a decision made if I can be reactivated Okay Okay, so they haven't got to a year. I mean it um and they did send it up to our um trust and safety Born a P. O. Okay. Do you happen to know how long it may take? I'm not exactly sure but you can definitely give a call within 48 hours Okay, I will do Uh, no, thank you order 90 10.  Yeah, did I get you baby? Come on. Let me know if I got you the meltdown of 0.7 miles for five Dollars or never did this all the way six one three miles with 2780. I keep me a pistol like the baby. Let's go We are here at save big money and monarch. We're here, baby um Hello, how you doing? I have a delivery for a alex team Alrighty, thank you very much. You have a great day Here now they all knows got a couple Porsche trucks a couple of schools We're here to drop off order number one. It's time to get it done, baby It's gonna be a brief hopefully it's be a brief I didn't get this cheeky I'm at the upstairs downstairs of what guys I'm at the latest stuff right here for right now have her called. I see what happens and then I'm keep on running the doorbell Because ain't nobody come out to see through the glass They are the pocket They are the pocket. I did not answer on the phone. I'm gonna hold this doorbell down for a while I don't know if they can hear it or not. I hold that doorbell for a little long It might be bad. Why are you bringing my doorbell like that if I get mad? Should I answer the doorbell, baby? I don't know what to tell You know that mom What is going on in this zone? And it's like it's an apartment.  They're not answering the phone I'm gonna turn again Maybe this joint don't work, but they should have put that on the app. Duh Pay attention to what was going on so we can get it on. You know what I'm talking about? Comment below and let me know if I'm tweaking or not Comment below and let me know if I'm right or wrong I'm really not trying to take this back to the store.   So I don't know if it's working or not I'm gonna go back to the store, baby Jeez, but what I'm gonna do is I'm probably gonna drop this one off first So I'll put some back off at the store and then go back the other way because Guys my business partner talked to the guy I can see I'm leaving outside this door So that's exactly what we're gonna do, baby I just if it was a department I would have to take us to the store, but it ain't So that's what I'm talking about But they should have answered the phone on it. So if he had a pocket I was running that doorbell so many times Maybe that thing it couldn't work, but you should put that on the app though if you know it don't work That's nothing. What y'all think comment below and let me know what you think But guess what we got to be we got to be watching everything that we're doing nowadays We don't want to get kicked off the floor and it's really it's not my app So I got to be careful on the stuff that I do guys So I'm trying to be a little bit better with the um, not showing the addresses and not showing faces or stuff like that So You know what I'm saying myself to be messing up Step back cuz it was a full yard noddles Let's go That we are here to the last one to get it done and get on the run, baby So we can chill and have some fun. Well, we don't know chilling But guess what I had to go edit the video right after this, baby That's what happens All that I mean Two or three time to get busy And that is everything just have to use a quick photo And I'm done you have a good one And just like that it is the end of the video. I hope you guys enjoyed the content today We made 201 95. It's a great time to be alive. This is actually going to drop on um, Forge July, so happy Forge July everybody. Y'all be safe out there. Be safe, baby Because people gonna be Blowing that joy they're gonna be blowing it there when shoot far away them we're doing all that So you guys want to make sure you've been safe out there If you dash and if you catch and if you blast or whatever you may be doing, baby But we got done at 121. We came and got it done. We're about to get on the run I also want to talk about this talk about the elephant in the room shoot out to my god Vine I'm not sure the full name of your uh of your tag your name and all that in the youtube videos But huge sound to him. He made a comment about people being able to find out people addresses by just the numbers I did not think this was possible. I am a real estate agent So I didn't think this was like a real thing, baby But come to find out you can find out somebody's address and where they live at just by the numbers So I'm gonna try my best to you know, because I first I want to say I apologize to anybody Who I may offend who I may have offended While doing the videos because that ain't my that ain't what I'm trying to do, baby I'm pushing positive. I'm pushing pee, baby. I ain't trying to show nobody how I'll do all that stuff I'm just trying to entertain you guys educate you guys and push you guys to go out there and get this money Because we because it ain't funny, baby So I'm going to try my best to stop showing the addresses and faces and stuff because I'm also trying to I don't want to get my partner Kicked up for all the way support them because I really don't even know why the reason I got picked off Anyway, so I hope you guys enjoyed these video May she spend this grab before we go a little bit more about that It's honestly because the reason why I have a problem with cutting out stuff and all that stuff It just don't to me. It just don't look as smooth in the video. I'm very big on how the video looks I don't want it to look janky and just skip. I just don't like janky stuff man If I'm gonna do something I gotta do it the right way So that's the reason why I don't want to do that and then blanking out stuff and like Blurring out everything blowing out people and all that stuff It's kind of a little bit harder than you guys may think Especially if you if you never entered the video before so you wouldn't know what I'm talking about But it's kind of critical because the the the blur is going to stay in one spot So that means you got to keep cutting and move move move like a thousand times So I'm just going to start cutting that part off and just doing like that, baby But I hope you guys all enjoyed this video make sure you guys stay safe out there Make she's been exploring make she give me thumbs up and do not skip those ads Lock in tomorrow because you're getting back to the bag So I just went to his bag he's and we don't keep on giving him a reason.  I see you guys on next one Be cool be cool before you already know the dk and I'm on my way


Okay. I think we're good to start. Hello, everyone. My name is Michael Benedict. I'm APM on the Cloud and the Data Infrastructure team. I work on the Container Orchestration team at Pinterest, and I also manage the Infrastructure Governance and the Capacity Planning team. I have with me here my colleague, Lita, who is the tech lead on the Container Orchestration project. So the agenda for today is we'll start off with a quick overview of Pinterest's history and just in general stats about our infrastructure and the current state of that world. Then you'll talk about the larger compute platform, which we're building at Pinterest. Start from the high level of the vision and the scope to get a set of context as to what it all means, and then eventually go into the meat of the presentation, which is about the orchestration system and what we are doing and how do we get there. And finally, I'll close out with the future as to the next steps going into 2018 as well. All right. So with that, how many of you use Pinterest? OK, that is great. So here's a quick story. So Pinterest was born back in 2010. It started off as a simple Django application running on the cloud from day one. This is what it looked like. The goal for Pinterest at that point was to collect and organize a lot of ideas with people pinned from searching on the Internet. Fast forward to seven years in 2017, Pinterest has grown to become Pinterest has evolved into a discovery engine. Today, we focus more about discovering pins which are relevant to users focused more on their interests graph rather than just generic pins. As you can see, we also advanced a lot into image detection and detecting objects or items within an image and recommending relevant pins and categories for that particular object. Today, we do about 200 million users, monthly active users. And what's more interesting is that these users or pinners, as we call them, have so far pinned about 100 billion objects to put that into context. I mean, that's a huge number. That's it. So the interesting part about even that is that each pin has a rich set of metadata about who posted that pin, where was it extracted from? With site or image or video is that and the specific tagging which the users themselves have done are relevant to that pin. A single pin usually can be pinned by multiple users. So you have a lot of context or interest graph generated as part of a single pin to power that we have tons of services behind the scenes. So this beautiful bubble visualization essentially just shows all the serving services which are categorized by the amount of VCPUs they're essentially using. Like I said, Pinterest runs on the public cloud. We have been on AWS since day one and we have grown to becoming one of the larger customers as well to give you a perspective on how diverse our compute workloads are. We started off with our Django monolith, which has now been broken down to a large set of microservices. We do have in the tune of about 1,000 microservices running on our infrastructure. The hosts are tens and thousands of hosts, but a large portion of Pinterest infrastructure is actually on the data processing side. We do use Hadoop and Spark Streaming, as well as TensorFlow largely as part of our machine learning platform. To provide some context, we have like about 10 raised to five number of jobs running at any given point in time, specifically on model training, analytics pipeline, just general compute work as well. And our footprint on the block storage system is also pretty immense in the tens of hundreds of petabytes. We not only use it as a storage mechanism, we also leverage it mostly like a transactional, analytical backend as well. So we do really push the limits on some of these systems. The current state of the world looks something like this. So Pinterest over the years has been adding multiple layers of infrastructure to suit certain use cases and needs. And what has happened is that we have come with these diversity of tools and platforms to support those growing needs. As of today, we already have like multiple mechanisms of provisioning resources on top of AWS. We have different compute platforms to help users run certain set of workloads on these platforms. And our use cases are also diverse and growing over a period of time. Unfortunately, this also brings a whole new set of challenges around tech debt and just general end-to-end developer experience. Meaning, if a person wants to launch a data job, they have to follow like 10 different steps to get to their end goal. While they're launching the long running services, they have to probably do a whole different set of steps to do the same. And you can imagine the permutation and combination which will enhance this complexity for a developer and it really leads to like less velocity in terms of when you're going from an idea into production. Even worse, it adds a lot of support and operations challenge on the infrastructure teams which are managing these systems. And fortunately, it is also hard to migrate these jobs or workloads off of these existing systems because I think over a period of time, we've just lost all that context and knowledge about how they work. And for what it's worth, they've been just running there for the longest time. So these are like a lot of these challenges which we had to go through and think through a bit more in coming up with our strategy for the next few years. We have to support Pinterest's growing needs in terms of its investments and the machine learning platforms on the data processing side. So we had to think through for more of a holistic solution. The one more key point to add over there is it's also very difficult to actually implement governance around these platforms when you have such a diverse set of platforms to truly know who's using what and what are the resources being used is extremely, extremely difficult. You would just have these blocked chunks in your bill saying that this was the maximum of VC2 instances used by certain tags, which makes it really hard to have like decent ROI conversations with the actual users of those systems. All right, so with that, I just want to quickly run through what our vision for the compute platform is. This helped us ideate a bit more and we came to the conclusion that our goal, regardless of orchestrators, regardless of which cloud we are running on or whatever that is, it should be to take to help a user provide a fastest path from idea to production without really worrying about anything on the underlying infrastructure. Our key focus areas were divvied up into three things. We wanted to simplify the end to end developer experience as part of building, deploying, launching a service and operating it, not only a service, but also a data job or any other type of jobs. We wanted to provide an integrated infrastructure platform, whether you're running a bad job, RA long running services, metrics, logs, health checks or even job statuses, all of them need to be provided to a user through a single experience. They don't have to go through any different tools to just get that data. And finally, given Pinterest's size and scale, it was extremely important for us to invest heavily on a proper governance platform, meaning we truly wanted to understand what controls and policies we can build into this compute platform to ensure that we know who's using what on the system, who owns what, and subsequently like either charge it out or have relevant TTL policies around storage of data and many of those things. I'll give some more examples as I go through. To ensure the scope of the problem kind of exploded just from orchestrators to these different pieces along the setup, test and build resource management, deploy release and operations. To give you an overview, this is our interpretation of what a developer usually goes through in terms of building and launching a job. And subsequently, these are also individual problem areas which need to be resolved. For what it's worth, over the last seven years, Pinterest has built multiple solutions across many of these boxes. And like I said, they were built for specific needs at that point in time, which has just been added over a period of time today where integration across all of them is extremely, extremely difficult. So from our perspective, this is really the problem domain for the compute platform and is our goal to really stitch a narrative around it and provide a solution. But that said, we have to start from the bottoms up. So it comes down to actually the cloud resources, the orchestration systems, and even those primitives around containers or VMs, which need to be defined first before we can go up anywhere. Another context to be added over here is Pinterest has been running on the VM virtual machines for the longest time. We run on bare EC2 instances, at least on the serving side, and each service runs on their individual instances. So with that in mind, I think one of the first things we had to just figure out was how do you containerize this? So this was really like a timeline of the initiation of the project to where we are at the moment. I'm just going to quickly give you an overview on this and touch upon one particular topic, and then Lita will give you the implementation details across this timeline. So way before even I started at Pinterest, the conversations about moving to containers was kicked off in 2016. And between the end of 2016 and early 2017, the containerization project was like scoped, implemented in terms of deciding on Docker as our primary container image format, even the runtime itself, and then working through a host of solutions just to integrate with AWS and our legacy implementations on the security side, on the networking side, etc. We had to then productionize Docker and adopt it over the company. I'm going to particularly talk about this one on how we actually went about from that phase to going into an orchestration system. So many companies are facing this today in terms of how do you actually evaluate? I know many of you must be already using Kubernetes, so you're really not here to learn about this. But I do want to give you an overview as to the pain involved in going through this process and coming to a decision, because this is not something easily done at a company of this scale. So TLDR is we had to build this evaluation framework where we decided what the criteria is, the various options we had in terms of choosing something, the POCs we had to do, and subsequently what was the outcome. This was done in a span of eight weeks from an implementation perspective, but the discussions have been happening for more than two years. So with that said, the criteria around how we wanted to choose an orchestration system. The most important thing for Pinterest literally was the integration cost. What does it actually mean to move from a VM's world into this new world? Specifically around the Docker support side, how do you support sidecars? Pinterest has a lot of sidecars running alongside, both in the host level as well as in the application level. How can we support that? The runtime extensibility, the networking integration. So Pinterest has already invested heavily on the networking side of using ENIs and having security groups assigned to those. So we have a pretty robust system already in place. How do we integrate with that, which is both simple and easy to debug and easy to reason out with as well. The other aspects of what was really important for Pinterest was also the resource and the task scheduling side, the flexibility around how we can place tasks, co-locate tasks given some of our services, and just the multi-tenancy aspect. This comes from the infrastructure governance piece, which I spoke about, because we know for a fact today many of our services not effectively utilizing any of their instances, so we really want to push that limit in terms of effectively utilizing those resources. The other aspects around the criteria are just this regular scalability and the performance of that orchestration system. Stateful service support, which is extremely important for us given that a large portion of our infrastructure is all about data processing. The ecosystem and the community, and finally the cluster operations and the support. Our choices were pretty... We had a lot more than this. We had to condense it down where we actually did a detailed POC on all of this, so obviously Kubernetes was there. We also looked at Mesos and Aurora, Mesos and Marathon, and even thought about a custom scheduler if you were to build up. Again, Mesos is a pretty battle-tested system, and we also have some experience operating Mesos within our company for our real-time streaming platform. And finally, even AWS's ECS offering, we did look at that when it was there just to get a sense of what is the difference in terms of a hosted solution versus a managed solution, and what would it mean for the teams operating? I'm not going to get into the depths of POC. Leda will cover more details on that, but the TODR is we do find some commonalities around many of these systems, and we did do detailed POCs on each of that, especially on the networking and IAM side. Again, Leda will cover that at the later part of the presentation. And finally, the outcome was like it was a conscious choice. We did see some shortcomings as part of making this choice, but it was a conscious choice that we could actually work through many of those shortcomings. For example, data processing, like I said, is a big thing for us, so big data support in terms of running Spark or operating bad jobs and those kind of requirements. We had to really think through as to where the community will be by the time we could productionize Kubernetes, and what our investments are. So we are announcing that Pinterest is kind of adopting Kubernetes for its container orchestration, as well as our commitment to work with the big data sigs and the AWS sigs to actually further the cost of enabling data processing on Kubernetes. With that, I'll hand it over to Leda to actually talk more about the implementation. Hello. Okay, that's cool. That's great. So thank you, Michael. And hello, everyone. So I'm Leda. I'm a software engineer at the Cloud Management Platform at Pinterest. So I think Michael has given you a high-level view of what's our goal, what we are doing, and I will bring you drill down to the technical detail what we have done for our container platform and what we are currently doing for our container orchestration effort with Kubernetes. So this slide gives you a view that before we are doing any colonization, we are running our stateless service on the EC2 instance. So we have layered AMIs built on it, where we have Puppet managed our machine configuration and we have Tattron, which is our in-house deployment system, which manages the service-based deployment. Beyond that, you have virus process management and running the service. So these things had several pain points for us. So the engineers has to be involved into the AMI building. They have to learn how to write Puppet and the more difficult how to test a Puppet change. And the Puppet run has some unpredictability, which brings us reliability issue. And also, engineers has to learn how to write the different configuration for different process management to like monitor, upstart, and supervisor. So this is the end result after we finish our Docker project. We are running, we still have a dedicated VM for service, but all the bits are running in Docker container. So in this model, we have a single AMI, all the services are using single AMI. We get rid of the specific service AMI. And we don't have, engineers don't have to learn how to write Puppet, and we have only one process management, which is the Docker engine doing the process manager. And these things give us immutable infrastructure and also provide our infrastructure to give a deterministic behavior in our deployment and operation, which improve our service reliability a lot. So then I will talk in detail about under the hood what we are doing for this Docker platform. So first, we introduce a Pinterest service specific description language, which you can see, it's on the end of the slide, in this slide. So there are several motivations behind why we give this service description language. So first, we want to the engineers only care the configuration they care about. So then the underlying system can expand this configuration to append things like what's the required mounted volume or environment variable required for the infrastructure. So engineers don't have to set them and understand how to set that. The other thing we want to have here is that we want to provide an abstraction layer to the underlying technology we are using. No matter we choose the missiles or choose the Kubernetes later on, and then engineers don't have to rewrite any of their service configuration language. And also on the dev developers workflow, we did some work on the optimized some image building on our largest share image to reduce the build time and the image size. And the last we are running Docker registry as a we use the ECR as our main registry. But meanwhile, we have a replicated self hosted registry combine them together, which give us the high availability in the production environment considering our scale. So this is what it looks like under the hood in the application runtime. So there are a bunch of side cars around the application to provide all kinds of service. So all of them are running in containers. So we provide a tool which called TaliFig which basically manages the dependency among these containers. And also in your application, it might be composed with multiple containers. So TaliFig not only manages the dependency between the side car and the application, also manages the dependency inside the application and even between the different side cars. And we are running on the network model in the host network model, which give us the best performance. And our Docker engine, we use the live restore so to ensure that the Docker engine restart won't call all the container being killed and restarted. And we're running on this overlay tool file system. We also build the garbage collection in our local image. We keep a configurable number of the image for every kind of service on the local so that we can roll back and roll forward fairly fast. And the last thing, we build some parallel prefetching. This is mainly because our deployment system has a mutual exclusive lock on the host. So at any given time, we only allow one deployment to happen. But for this particular Docker environment, we want to parallel pull all the images. So it can make our deployment be faster. So this is after we have built this platform, we started the migration sometime in June. So up to today, we have 75% of the state service already in this Docker container platform. And so we spend a lot of time for the migration and in the last few months, our team is basically working like this. So there are several learnings I want to share with you about this migration process. How to make sure the service, there's no altitude during this migration. We have hundreds of service there. So I think the first thing is that you should invest in your tools in this migration. You need to have a deployment tool that be able to run your container and the non-container at the same time. And you can adjust the ratio. And you need the tools to be able to compare the metrics coming from this to workload. And most important, this tool must be very easy to use. For your engineers that are not in the platform team, they should be able to use these tools when they start to migrate your service. And also you should automate all the deployment migration and runtime configuration validation when you are doing this kind of big migration. Make sure you have all the IAM row security group, all the service discovery settings all correct. And also another learning is that container is a very fast-changing area. So you need to understand how your company works, how your team dynamic works so that you can build the team that can do this work most effectively. At Pinterest, we have an embedded SRE mode. So basically the SRE sits together and work together with our development team. This helps a lot in this project. So whenever we hit a bug in the Docker engine, which I have to upgrade the OS kernel and have to rebuild the AMI, we get a very fast turnaround time on that. And the last thing I want to call out is that you want to try to migrate a complex service earlier. So we decided to migrate our most important service, which our API fleet, which is one of our largest fleet, hosts our mobile client and web client at a very early stage. It takes a while, but it'll help you to cover every corner of the platform, make sure it's really production ready. And meanwhile, it gives the confidence for the other engineers to move their service into this new platform, because we have already moved this huge fleet and it's very easy to persuade them to move to the new platform. So next, I will talk about our current container orchestration effort, our orchestration evaluation and what we have built for the Kubernetes right now. So first, I will talk about the evaluation. It's a very hard work to do the evaluation. It's very time consuming. And we built the POC, which POCI means we have a demo service which all our integration with our environment for both missiles plus Aurora and for the Kubernetes. So for the missiles, we evaluate a different containerizer, different schedulers, and what's our executor strategy? We try to write our customized executor in this POC. And for the Kubernetes, it's like there are a lot of, there are long lists, a lot of out-of-box features. We actually try to do the POC and test it. I think that more importantly, I have a common ground of the things. I think are very important when you try to build a container orchestration platform. There's networking, your security, how you are doing the service discovery, and how you're doing the log and metric security management. I mean, at Pinterest, since we have been, there are several years and we have a large fleet. We already, for some of them, we already have the solution. And some solution are easy to migrate to the container world like service discovery. We're using ZooKeeper as our service discovery platform. As long as you give the container a routeable IP address, probably it's a minimum code change. You can move to there. But there are other things that require more work. The things that we have been built, they have been battle-tested and they have been proved to be able to support our current scale. Even there might be some glitch in them. We still want to keep the moving parts as small as possible. So today I will focus on talking about two things, networking and the IAM what we have done for our Kubernetes cluster. And I think this is most relevant and useful to share. So networking. Networking is the most hard part and we spend a lot of time on it. And even today, I wouldn't say we have a fully satisfied option. So today, especially you're running on the AWS, I think there is no standard solution we should use today. And for us, we build a kind of our networking platform to be more flexible. So we're using the AWS ENI, but also we support different kind of the CNI plugins. So we'll talk a little... So essentially, we use the CNI for our long-running service, which the service that hosting, you have a pod, you have to have incoming traffic. We're using the ECS, there is the AWS open source, the ECS ENI plugin, which give a dedicated ENI to a running pod. So we're using that for our long-running service. The major motivation is that it's simple. And basically everything is more very leaning towards what the VM looks like. And but this has a major limitation that is the number of the ENIs you can attach to a single EC2 instance is limited. And at the current moment, we're looking at our daily service. Most of them are running on 8 costs or 32 costs. We think it can serve us for a while. But meanwhile, we are collaborating with AWS, looking at their latest released CNI plugin. We also track the progress from the Netflix and the Lyft. They have some shared ENI strategy. In the future, we may change that. But meanwhile, our infrastructure also supports different ENIs. Today, we are running our batch job and our basically worker actually in the bridge mode, which is very like the Docker bridge because you don't need to serve the incoming traffic as long as you can go out. That can work. So we support the IAM role and the security group on the ENI. So this diagram gives you the detail about how we are going to do the networking setup when a pod started. So when a Kubernetes pod is started, the Kubernetes basically creates the pod container and starts to call the CNI. So we create a proxy CNI plugin, which basically invokes the next daemon, which will have a daemon running on the host. So this daemon will actually carry the Kubernetes to get the pod spec. The user basically specifies the network model in the pod spec. So whenever this daemon gets the pod spec, it starts doing the ENI management. So even we are using the ECS ENI, but we don't have the ECS control plan. So we have to build our own control plan, basically do the ENI allocation. So this is all in this daemon. So this daemon will basically look at the current ENI status on the host, the network model of the pod, the current ENI on the host, if it's asked for a dedicated ENI, allocates the ENI if necessary and assigns the ENI. So it will return which CNI plugin that you should invoke and what's the input parameter. And the proxy CNI actually invokes the CNI. Meanwhile, this daemon always keeps reconciling the host state and updates the Kubernetes status. So we implement some customer resource record for the elastic interface on the Kubernetes. And also this daemon keep updating the node label so that the new pod will not be scheduled to this node when all the ENI has been used up. So the next thing is about the IAM setup. So we run things very similar to many of the existing solution for the Docker and all the other container orchestration. So basically we're using a thing called a drum, which is developed by a Pinterest security team, which do the metaproxies thing. So the drum basically listens on the host and network interface. And whenever a pod started, we actually configure the IP table rule to redirect the metaproxy call to the local interface. And the drum actually gets the request, is to check the IP address, and also it's talked to the local Kubernetes endpoint to get all the pod status and the configurations. A little bit different here is that we also, the drum will call out things we call the row assume service. The main reason we are doing that is for security reason, we don't want to give the base row all the assume row permission in the EC2 setup. So by this way, whenever a pod sends a metaproxy request, we will redirect to the local drum and gets the right IAM credential. This will work for both the ENI and the bridge mode. So this is all the technical detail. Now I will hand it over to Michael to talk about our future roadmap. Thank you. Thank you, Lita. So we do have more details on that, so we will be at KubeCon for the next two days. Our team is also here, so we love to talk more about people who are working on similar problems, especially on AWS. With that plug, I just want to quickly go back to the larger scope we are working towards. Again, this is not like a three month or a six month project. We do expect a lot more to come out of this. As we build out our orchestration platform, we also intend to have abstraction in terms of facilitating job deploys and orchestrating those deploys as well. Like I said earlier, we do have multiple systems today to do that for bad jobs or long running services. So one of our priorities essentially is going to be consolidating that and have a single place of facilitating job deployments. So some of the things we are planning for 2018 is obviously productionizing our Kubernetes cluster and adopting some initial use cases. Our team has been working really hard on getting Jenkins and those kind of workflows already running on it. And we also are experimenting with running some non-critical long running services. We are also experimenting on trying Spark to run on Kubernetes. I think that's going to be the biggest thing for us and we intend to see some progress on there. At the same time, like I mentioned earlier, our job definition abstraction works pretty well. We do want to normalize that across all of Pinterest and have a single job submission service which will facilitate deployments either to Kubernetes today to Hadoop, Yarn, or something else in the future. So that way, at least the spec still stays the same. There's a translation which is happening and we intend to also do ownership checks, quota management on all of that stuff at the job submission layer. And finally, just to close out like the service identity portion. So like I said, make sure that the identity of the service is validated and checked. There's clear ownership on it and we will also track the resource metering both on Kubernetes and all our other systems. So with that, I think we're out of time so I'd like to close by saying thank you for being a wonderful audience. We really appreciate you guys coming to us.


Innovation is key to our future. It's about taking risks and not being afraid of trying something new. In the spirit of driving innovation at a global scale, ITU, with the support of the UAE Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, is establishing iCode, the International Centre of Digital Innovation to develop community-driven digital-based solutions to real-life challenges. There is a growing digital innovation divide. Through iCode, we want to provide a safe space for members and stakeholders to develop innovative strategies that accelerate digital transformation and the achievement of the sustainable development goals. We need to establish a culture of digital innovation and we need this culture to be integrated with the national development agendas and activities. From our experience, digital innovation must be a top priority for every nation. iCode identifies, supports and accelerates ITU products and services that enable societies to achieve meaningful connectivity. Our goal is to bring together partners from multiple sectors, together with member states, to create networks of expertise through which innovative products, services and systems can be developed, brought to market and scaled up for impact. Through iCode, we aim to achieve faster and everlasting results in the field of ICT for development. Innovation comes in cycles and innovation never stops. Things are happening at ITU and today we invite you to get connected, try new ideas, do things differently and to join iCode.


One of Radio's outstanding dramatic half-hours starring Lee Tracy and presented transcribed by your Army and your Air Force. From Radio City, New York, here is your star and host on Proudly We Hail, the distinguished Broadway stage, screen and radio star, Lee Tracy. Welcome again to Proudly We Hail, worth our playtakers, Lee. To Egypt, Ken. Ah, as the travel-folders say, beautiful Egypt, the blue Nile, the sink, the pyramids. Well, now wait a minute. Yeah, Ken. But our story has a bit more to it than just what the tourist sees. We meet a mysterious traveler on a secret mission, a mission involving danger in the desert and international intrigue. And our first act will begin right after your short message. Did you ever stop to wonder why your United States Army has such a long tradition of victory? Well, the secret is a very simple one. It's training that pays off. Old soldiers will tell you that it's good training plus the best leadership that spells victory. Your United States Army has always emphasized both. Visit the United States Army and the United States Air Force Recruiting Station in your neighborhood. Have a talk with the recruiting sergeant and learn all the facts. And list in the United States Army today. And now with your star Lee Tracy and the role of Nick, your Army and your Air Force presents the proudly we hail production of Three Plains to Cairo. The city sat with the high jagged mountains humped up behind it and looked out over the arid plains. It was the city whose foundations were steeped in antiquity. And since its earliest beginnings, it had known three conditions common to its location and surrounding, heat, filth, and poverty. The influence of Western civilization had done little to change these conditions. True, there was the airport, the rickety railroad. There was Palaha Street with its modern buildings and there were the homes of the wealthy. But for the most part, time had passed this city by and its narrow walled, unlighted streets looked and smelled and sounded much as they had a thousand years ago. Be careful with those bags. Is this dump supposed to be a hotel? What a bird. Well, come on, might as well get inside before I fry. What are those things up there? Helicopters? Those are fans, Monsieur. They circulate the air to make it cool. You don't say to make it cool, huh? Wonders of the East. Do you have a reservation as cow-borne for Mr. N.K. Lawrence? I'll check, Monsieur. Do that little thing, will you? And you, drop those bags and scram. That's right. Right there. Back heesh, Effendi. Back heesh, Effendi. Back heesh. You at the heel of my boot. Go on. Scram. Monsieur, he is only a poor porter. He must earn his bread, too. Look, I didn't ask him to bring my bags in here. He did it all by himself. Now stop breaking my heart and give me the key to my room. I'm very sorry, Monsieur Lawrence, but there does not seem to be a reservation for you. Hey, don't try to hand me any of that bunk. The travel agency in Beirut sent you a wire a week ago. There must have been another hotel. It was not another hotel. It was this flea-bitten rat trap. Now I've traveled a long way today, and I'm tired, and I don't want any trouble from you. Give me a sweetness-sinking pesto and give it to me fast. But, Monsieur.  Get me that sweet or get me the manager. I'll see what I can do. You'll see what you can do in a big hurry if you're smart. Do you have a bar in this cave? Over there, Monsieur. Well, I'll be in there. Get that sweet and be quick about it. Why do the ones like that have to come here? Why don't they stay on? I'd like to cut his throat. Waiter! Waiter! Come here. What kind of food do you call this? I asked for a steak and you bring me a hunk of cured leather. Look at this. You expect me to eat it? Take it away.  I said bring me another drink.  You're not careful. I'll buy this clipped joint and have you thrown out. I don't know why I came here anyway. Isn't that decent looking dame in the whole country? Are you sure about that? Hmm. Wow. As I live and breathe, where did you come from? I've been sitting across the room with some friends. We couldn't help but notice you. I always stand out in the crowd. Especially your voice. Kitty, the poor stranger. Are you as rude to the hired health at home? For me, rude, I'm not rude. I'm just demanding. When I pay for service, I expect to get it. What's your name and won't you sit down and have one with me? Well, I shouldn't, but I will. I don't think I like you, but my friends will want to know who you are and why you're here. Which is none of their business. But they'll still want to know. Waiter! Gaston! Boy! Whatever your name is, let's have another one here. I don't know, I'll get the heat's got me. I didn't see you across the room. Oh, we're over there in the shadows. Who are you hiding on? My name is Nick Lawrence. Who are you? Marcia Clark. And what brings you here, Mr. Lawrence? Well, I wanted to go someplace where it was cool. How about you? You tell me and I'll tell you. If I get up and make a public announcement, then you wouldn't have to tell your friends. You've been making public announcements since you came in here. Why don't you just tell me quietly? I'm shy. Okay, if I'm like any happier. In a weak moment, I got roped in on a tour, a big tour, going to see the world, you know. By the time we'd reached Alexander, I'd had enough. I figured I'd come that far, so I might just well see it all by myself. I jumped ship as it were, kissed the boys and girls goodbye, and by some incredible misfortune, I found myself here. You mean you came all the way from Alexandria? No, I've hit every pest hole in between. Do you know where I'm going tomorrow and what I'm going to do, Marcia, old thing? I can hardly wait to know. I'm going out to that airport, and if necessary, I'm going to buy the joint. Then I'm going to get someone to start flying west, and I'm going with them. And we're going to keep going west until I get back to the land of the free and the home of the brave. You don't like it here? It'll be terrible saying goodbye, but somehow I'm going to manage it. You must be a wealthy man, Mr. Lawrence, to be able to accomplish all this. Marcia, I'm stinking rich. How would you like to marry me for my money? Oh, I'd rather marry you for your sweet disposition. Good. Now that we've got Matt taken care of, what is a rare gem of beauty like yourself doing in this paradise? Right now I'm living here. My father's an engineer. He works for the government of this country. Improving roads and that sort of thing. Remind if I say he has his work cut out for him, and why don't you get him to change his job? Oh, it's really not so bad once you get used to it. Quite a few American and English people here. Oh, getting used to it, I suppose. Where are you from back in the States? Mostly New York City. Hmm, doesn't have anything compared to this. When do you leave? Oh, nearly four years ago. Wow, when I get back, I'll go see the mayor and give him your best. Who is the mayor now? Don't tell a soul, but I am. Where are those drinks? Stop making a pain in the neck of yourself, Mr. Lawrence. You know, you're all right.  I suppose if I should get weak and decided to stay over a day, you could be my guide and show me what there is to be seen here. I don't say I'll get weak, but if I do, would you? That might be a lot of fun. We might even make your stay here a more unpleasant one. Now then, this is Nick Lawrence. Well, how do you do, sir? Marsha's been telling me all about you. Been showing you around a bit, eh? She certainly has and a better guide I never had. Well, I hope she's changed the rather poor opinion you had of our fare metropolis. For some strange reason, I like it better and better. Yeah, the heat takes a bit of getting used to. Where'd you go today? Out to the ruin. Oh, you interested in ancient civilizations, Mr. Lawrence? I'm getting him interested. Well, let's go out on the terrace and have something cool. Because I didn't cook it. Oh, no, thank you. I'd rather have one of these. Hmm. The rather odd yarn today. What about? Probably just somebody's imagination working overtime. Something from Sooke. The story is that for quite some time now, there's been another American here in hiding. In hiding? What was he, a criminal? No, it seems he came over the mountains from where I don't know, but I could give a pretty good guess. Aha! Intrigued! I guess that's the idea. According to what I heard, when he got here, he was too sick to go on. So he went underground, hiding out in the native quarter somewhere. But why? Rumor has it wherever he came from, he brought some very valuable and secret information with him. Shades of Alfred Hitchcock. Exactly. It seems that he thinks there are people here who are after him. He's too ill to go out alone and he's afraid to trust anyone. Well, who's hiding him, then? I don't know. Maybe he has some native friends. Oh, it sounds like a lot of nonsense. Well, that's what I said, but it makes an interesting story. I imagine that sort of thing is going on all over the world today. No doubt it is, but it sounds a little hard to take. Who told you, Father? One of Stanton's boys told him. And what did he think? Not much. Still, it could be true, or part of it. And if there is a fellow American here in trouble, I'd like to help him out. All I could. I'm glad you enjoyed it, Nick. Tomorrow at 10? You bet. Good night. Good night. The shine? Go on, Peter. The Fendi needs a... Oh, maybe you're right. The Fendi does need a shine. Ahmed is the greatest shiner of shoes in all Islam. He has the eyes of a hawk. Our whole steady the shoe on the box, Fendi. A romantic of you to forget we come out here. I thought these ruins would be a little better by starlight. Oh, pity there isn't a moon. You know, you and your father have been very kind to me. Can't help wondering why. Park hospitality to begin with. And perhaps I could see through the impression you try to make. Impression? I don't get you. You know you were lonely. You may be a little bit frightened. Oh, bright girl, aren't you? That's what my father tells me. He likes you. He asked me today if you wouldn't like to move out of that hotel and come and stay with us for a while. You got swell of him. Well, I might even take him up on it. It would be rather nice, wouldn't it? But it is unworthy of me to interrupt such paradise, isn't it? What the devil? And as you are, Fendi... I'm there. You want to... Oh, madam, Ahmed will bear anything for it. I'll stick your... You killed him! He's met the old lady. He killed himself by his rashness. I fear Ali takes his body and put it on one of the horses. Madam, you will be so good as to walk back to your car. We shall make you as comfortable as we can. They will find you in the morning.  You've done more here than you think. You'll pay for this! Allah the merciful is just. Allah the compassionate is wise. Isn't she, madam? Lee Tracy, starring in the role of Nick Lawrence in the Fowley Reheal production, retains for Cairo for return in just a moment for the second act. The Mark of a Man. Do you know it when you see it? Every time you see the uniform of the United States Army, you're looking at the Mark of a Man. The insignia that stamped their wearers as good soldiers were the descendants of the American combat soldiers who won and preserved your liberties. But the American soldier who wears this visible sign of courage needs your help. If you can qualify to wear the United States Army uniform known around the world as the Mark of a Man, go to your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station and prove it by enlisting now in the United States Army. You are listening to Proudly We Hail and now with your star Lee Tracy in the role of Nick Lawrence we present the second act of Three Plains for Cairo. The stairs hit up stone. We go down softly. The wall turns. And now, Effendi masters, they have brought your friend. Close the door. Make a light. I'm up there. Jim! Jim, you old mountain goat. Nick. Now you lie back there and take it easy. If it weren't for Ahmed, I'd have been finished long ago. Effendi is too kind to one who is unworthy. Say, how did Ahmed spot me so easily? I figured if the message I sent to O'Brien got through, somebody would be sent either to try and get me out or pick up what I've got. I even thought it might be you. Ahmed spotted you almost as soon as you got here. He said you were very noticeable. Maybe a little bit too much, though. Oh, they'd watch any stranger, Nick. I think this plan was pretty smart. Yeah. Ahmed, there are all kinds of rumors drifting around the sook that there's an American hidden here in the city. I have heard nothing, and I would have heard. Then how do you suppose an American engineer by the name of Clark would know all about it? It was a little too past and a little bit too complete. What would be his point in mentioning it to you? He was most sincere in his desire to help a hidden American, if the story should be true. Oh, I get it. You need help. You go to him. That's all for the both of us. They had me nearly convinced, too, but there was one thing that happened that was completely out of character. You know what it was, Ahmed? This unwise one would say, the lady upon finding her friend murdered before her eyes knew nothing of shock or horror, but only anger. Right. Now we make a plan. A plan based on one key point. Nick Lawrence, God rest his soul, is dead. Stop walking around like an ox.  You messed up the whole thing. I messed it up. I messed it up. I like that.  Is it my fault because the fool got himself murdered? How they ever could have put you in this service, I don't know. Did it ever enter that empty head of yours that this whole thing could have been a trick? A trick to get Lawrence to master.  But I saw the man shoot him. I realized, if you had done as I'd suggested, we'd have had some of our people at the ruins. This wouldn't have happened.  Well, what if it was a trick? And I don't say it was. He trusted us. He'd come to us for help. We hope. That man was no fool, and we've lost him because you insisted that he was. I hope you realize, my sometime daughter, what will happen to us if masters gets away. Y'all set, Jim? Get on each side of me. I hope, I hope it's not too far. You're sure your undertaker friend has his signal straight, Ahmed? He will be waiting, Affendi. Everything is ready. How do we look? And my little man, and on this dark night, no one would notice how you look. Then lead on, McCombard. Micah! Micah, where are you? Out here. What's the trouble? This is the trouble. Lawrence's body was found last night by a couple of Arab beggars. Well, good. I told you they killed him. There's only one trouble with the whole thing. What's that? No one has seen the body, but the men who supposedly found it and Hamouad, the undertaker. He claimed he didn't want to take any chances with disease. So the late Mr. Lawrence rests in a sealed coffin. Well, what do you think? I think it may very well be a blind that the coffin is empty, and Lawrence wants to throw all suspicion off his trail so he can work at getting masters out.  I already have, but they assured me it was Lawrence. The clothes were his and so forth. What about fingerprints? The undertaker got around that nicely by saying he'd been mutilated. Hands cut off at the wrist. Oh, thoughtful. Well, what do we do now? Two things. First, we pay a visit, a very respectful and tearful visit to Hamouad's undertaking establishment, where we find out just what they plan to do with that coffin. And second, we decide the quickest and quietest way in which we can have a few words with Hamouad himself. Thank you very much. This is a very great shock to both my daughter and myself. Will he be buried here? The authorities are attempting to reach his family in America. They must decide what is to be done, Effendi. Oh, of course. I suppose you should hear within a day or two. Come, Marsha. Yes, Father. How is it, boy? It's fine. Won't be long. Listen, you take this stuff. It's microfilm. Just in case I don't make it. Nuts. You're gonna make it. Oh, better if you take it anyway. You know the story on it now. You're quite a guy, Jim. I don't know how you ever got across those mountains. Neither do I. And now look where we are. Corphans to the right of me. Corphans to the left of me. Amouad Seller has all the beauty of our ghouls housing project. But it's a pretty good place for peace and quiet. Yeah, I'm practicing now. Quiet. Effendi. I'm Amouad. That is nearly dawn. Did the cablegram arrive all right? The authorities notified Hamouad early in the evening. Arrangements have been made to fly the coffin to Cairo where it will be claimed by a brother of the deceased. Good. What plane? There is English transport that will do the job. The coffin must be at the airport by sunrise. We'd better get cracking. That plane has also been chartered to carry Sheikh Vard Ben Hussain and Hiswasia Ahmed on a pilgrimage of great importance. What about the pilot? You're sure he can be trusted? He is a friend. He's got more friends than you and I have whiskers. Ahmed, you're slightly terrific. Here, put your armor on my neck, Jim. We're ready to start the last lap. Okay, easy now. There. How's that, Jim? I'd rather not answer that. All right. Now, the hose comes up through a hole on the side. There's another one here you can use if you need to. You'll have to pull this plug. Sure, I got it all figured out. Give me the hose and let's get this show on the road. See you in Cairo, Buster. Okay, let's get it on the truck. Good luck. Alakam Asalam, Hamuat. Alakam Asalam. Good morning, Hamuat. Let's you and I have a little talk. We'd better get on ours. It is best not to be observed. Let us go between the hangars. Pari awaits us in his plane by the last one. From the looks of it, we're not going to get to Cairo quite a bit later than Jim. Will you please tell me what you found out, hanging me out of bed at this hour? I don't know why I bothered with all the help you've been. I have chartered a plane for Cairo. Cairo? Yes, Cairo. That's where the coffin is on its way to. And it's not empty. For a while there, I didn't think we were ever going to get here. Poor Jim. I hope he hadn't gone fatty. He's in the building there? Yeah, where they store air freight. So are you able to make arrangements? We'll be leaving by air in half an hour. Do they know Effendi? They know who I am. I have to tell them. They know I'll have someone with me no questions asked. We are now. Hold the flashlight. We won't bother to turn on any lights. Wow. Will you look at all this freight? Where do we find the thing? Shine the light over there. No, no, no. Over here. Effendi. We're here, Jim. Give me that hammer. See if you can find a pry or something. Jim. Jim. Here.  Come on, Effendi. I'll get you out of here. Do you mind if I never look at one of those things again? I think I can save you the trouble. Don't move, Lawrence. Well, the good Mr. Clarkovich. Or was it Clark? And his lovely daughter.  This is what you call catching two birds in one coven. Turn around. I'd much rather shoot you in the back. This is just where I shall shoot you. You spawn of the devil if you do not drop that gun at once. Get your hands into the air, both of you. Drop it. Or I'll pepper the front of you while he works on the rear. You too, sweetheart. Get your armor on my neck, Jim. Okay. Up to the daisy. Are you got any suggestions, Ahmed? Ahmed will be only too happy to escort these honored people back to where they came from. Parikh will be glad to take them free of charge. Sounds good to me. Now I'm going to clear out of here with Jim and get out of the air terminal. I'll have Parikh taxi up here. They might catch cold walking in the night air. If they give you any trouble, Ahmed, use your own judgment. I know it's good. Jim and I are both sorry there isn't more time to say goodbye.  This unworthy one will always remember you and ask Allah to guide your ways. Goodbye. Goodbye, Ahmed. Thanks. Can't walk, Nick. Then I'll carry him. There you are. Well, goodbye, you lovely people. It's been real cozy. Alakam wa sallam, Ahmed. Peace be with you, Effendi. Our star Lee Casey will return in a moment with a word about next week's show. The United States Army has a good deal for high school graduates to continue their educations when they're in uniform. You see, the Army's really a vast technical training school. Bright young Americans are learning all about such interesting subjects as radar, radio, electronics, chemistry, and many others. They're building a great future for themselves in the Army, and you can do it, too. What's more, you'll be proud of your job, proud of the uniform you wear, for it's the mark of a man. But why not get all the facts about what the Army has to offer you now? Visit your nearest United States Army and United States Air Force Recruiting Station for full details. There's been another program on proudly we hail, presented in cooperation with this station by the United States Army and the United States Air Force Recruiting Service. Proudly we hail Star's Lee Tracing. Three planes for Cairo was written by DeWitt Kopp. The music was composed and conducted by John Guarnier. This program was produced under the supervision of Charles and Roger's production and directed by Charles Wilk. This is Kenneth Bangart speaking, and here again is your host and star, Lee Tracing. We hope you'll be with us next week over the same station for Proudly We Hail. Our play is entitled The Records, and it's a story of the sea, a story of piracy, treachery, and revenge. Until then, goodbye.


Assistant Letcher County Attorney Angie Hatton said she was a reluctant candidate for the Democratic nomination for 94th District State Representative. I'm overwhelmed, thrilled, I'm exhausted from working so hard, but just so very, very grateful. But now she's poised to face off with Pikeville City Commissioner and former mayor Frank Justice in the November general election to go to Frankfurt to fill the seat of outgoing state representative Leslie Combs. Hatton ran away with the Letcher County vote, defeating Joel Thornberry handily. She lost in Pike County, but received more than 700 votes, giving her confidence in her chances in the county. Known in Letcher County, Hatton said she's looking forward to letting Pike County get to know her better, and she said she's well aware of the issues facing many in Letcher and Pike counties. We're no different. Letcher County and Pike County got the same problems. We're the same kind of people. Most of us are cousins. By the time we sit down and talk, we'll figure out how we can. Pike County and Letcher County are not different worlds. And she's ready to go to battle for the 94th District. With all those reasons why I shouldn't have run, I couldn't stop myself from running when it became available because I don't know that anybody else is going to care more than I do. I have two kids and I have watched so many people that I love and care about move away. People are desperate for help. It's the kind of desperation that has led to people coming together who wouldn't normally have talked. People who weren't normally on the same sides of things have come together out of that pure desperation to try to find a way to help ourselves. I think people are disillusioned with the idea that anybody from Washington or Frankfort is going to swoop in and save us. We've got to do it ourselves. And I think that's what we need. I think that's what the people here are looking for. Reporting in Whiteburg for EKB News, I'm Chris Anderson.


Hey a gun where the guns where the guns I Please let me do it Oh, man, I need a gun.  I don't know if I'm going the right way, but we'll see in a second. What breaks? What breaks? What do I don't know I'm gonna keep going this time they stopped me before I think during the dialogue Okay, that's cool. I was like, how am I gonna get through? This guy's freaking double wait, okay, I spoke too soon That's gonna blow somebody got shot didn't they wait awkward silence Well Sometimes it works out that way. We stopped a hundred clicks from Moscow to check our guys beggar counters The thing is they are all in the green as if they're in a conspiracy Still this amazing piece of news doesn't really impress anyone that much The guys are all confused as to what to do next and I I'm just waiting for answers and Hoping the commander whom until recently I trusted implicitly Is going to be extremely persuasive in his reasoning winter is coming People trying to kill us why would they shoot at you the orders commander explains something at least you all us that He's starting to get on there. It's a little bit. She's whining a little bit too much right now Most of our cities are destroyed The rest of the country is probably under enemy occupation to avoid new nuclear attacks against us command chose the only viable course of action to play dead To ensure radio science the shield the system was created the network of radio jammer's covering Moscow and so So that some radio enthusiasts wouldn't bring more bombs down on our heads by winding on air And it's one of these jammers that got disabled by the hands of those present here Could you not have shared that before say before our team took that radio outside and call to that radiation No, I only got briefed half year ago under a street to talk to die policy Then had to tell my people we were securing a weather station Sir with all due respect if we can't go back maybe we should advance and move on I have an idea Artium rather than carrying on with this silent disapproval of yours We should be out of the jamming. I love that line I look for transmission word Do you understand now why we're a crazer's in the eyes of command? We shut down a jamming Station Dude I should be good at this had to find rate am radio stations I Just running them out I Don't know I found it but y'all keep running your mouth. Oh They still talking What's on the pedantry hat I see you using open-world tag ranks of us which is that's a twist-generated tag Leaders continue you think I'm there for one that just a moment I thought my ears were deceiving me it's not a short trip to the uros so we should make ourselves comfortable I guess let's name this bucket of bulls at the very least it's about time let's go around and be done with you go to hell even better come on Aurora the only goddess of dawn that's better not bad I like it beautiful name sounds okay but the cruiser of what now tell you later looks like it's decided hey Artyom let's take a look at that map all right we had a round that should be enough you're a full steamer wow that's some distance I wonder how long it will take what did they eat roasted rat you can resume the journey or continue exploring the train throughout those years in the underground the air of the surface seemed incredibly fresh intoxicating but that was not what had caused the cruise euphoria our journey finally got a definite purpose provided by the transmission from the government bunker in the urals for 20 years we thought that neither the government nor military high command had survived turns out they're still around where were they while we were eating each other alive in the metro we'll have a lot of questions for them once we reach Yamantau if we reach it the ruins of our country are under enemy control according to miller and we'll have to fight through to our goal is anything off yet darling here let's warm you up a little bit so what do you think our chances of getting to Yamantau alive are it's the only thing on my father's mind how to earn his forgiveness get back to metro and his old life the life you had always been running from and to think I never believed you and now I'm looking at this fog thinking it could actually be hiding our new life from us a new life by the way we should be approaching the bridge soon through someone's roadblock who was it any uniforms they were wearing rags just some old farts old farts it's just the perimeter guard they couldn't put anyone there even women and children do you really think we found them colonel well we can't be sure i was expecting to run into the much earlier the trolley is headed towards the bridge some fortifications there this looks peaceful the village any church on the water we need intel here artium i put a mark on your map get here and find out what you can about that breach and taking a prisoner would be ideal ana you cover him yes sir may i go with our team too let's back up no until we figure out our situation you're not to take a step away from the aurora these two can handle themselves just fine you're a mac when can you get the aurora running again i don't come at there but a full day at least i see compass works spawnsons let's prepare the aurora for defensive action move a little bit faster you know the workshop so to speak the manual is inside it doesn't come with crafting materials though so keep an eye out for those wait let's move out artium by her to be careful out there short thing i gotta say that was one flimsy roadblock and those guys well they didn't look like army men at all just old men be careful out there country has been destroyed or even though we speak our language geiger counter my geiger counter is making some pops man that electric tower there looks like a perfect sniping position let's go going so where something jumps out of the water and bites my ankle i would uh i would reload my safe that's what i would do so what she's saying is i can't just run past her exactly follow mode engaged the ground sounds so disgusting like a mud i'm just gonna run ahead in here and see what's in here i don't know what that icon means i get to be a pack rat a pack rat a pack rat gather all the things no yes uh is that gonna better than this one what is making all that racket all right we gotta go that way through the water is that a rope nope that's a wire oh it's a lot of bottles nasty this okay so they just fish and ate here so i cannot jump on the roof yeah i can so those those creatures being there kind of gave me a hint that i shouldn't jump in the water i don't know what my wife is no clue where she is she's just standing there still all right let's see if the game's smart enough to okay i can go by myself you're at the top of what i don't know where you are girl i'm at the top of my what are you talking about all right let's see if we can uh it's like i gotta get over there so this is not the right spot i gotta go back okay that hurt i broke something so there are the fall damage and this is kind of uh how you say brutal this is the way we die in here die in here die okay so we gotta get i lost track of where i was uh oh somehow i'm on the right track oh okay i'm gonna swim across here chat let's do it did i get across i think i did not so bad that way or should i swim looks like that's not walk acrossable yeah so we're gonna just swim over this little guy over here uh hold your breath chat here we go here we go here we go here we go here we go kind of nerve-wracking um oh there we wait i didn't go anywhere okay well we can't go that way um right i still haven't found my wife that's kind of making me a little bit concerned here so jumping in the water is like i know no all right let's look around see if i'm missing something pretty obvious and there are wires connected so maybe i can i can go across those we try that oh don't know what i fell through i fell through can i eat through this let's see okay i can just walk through that there any mats in here no hey there's bullets i like that i gotta find my wife man i got the feeling she's the key because she was like i found the spot i found the thing and i'm like huh that's some no no turns you around when you do that come on come on come on okay not can't go that way where is she at the short on the map they do not


Nicholas de Ferre was the cartographer to the Dauphin. I want that title, a cartographer to the Dauphin. This is 1705 map of the LaSalle expedition. He upgraded this map a couple of years later by adding information from the Iberville expedition. It's the first map to show the mouth of the river here in any detail. And the detail's really still very, very good. But what I like about this is that since it's the LaSalle map, it shows images from the LaSalle expedition in the cartouche. The LaSalle was murdered in a mutiny by his men.  Well, after the mutiny, his men freaked. And they also are going, it's your fault. No, it's your fault. No, it's your fault. And so they start shooting each other. And here the cartouche shows the LaSalle's men shooting each other. Not the most cheerful thing for an honest, cheerful man.