The following is a presentation of TFNN. Trade what you see with Larry Pezzavento. Call now toll free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Now Larry Pezzavento. Good morning folks, not the voice of Larry Pezzavento. This is Steve Rhodes filling in for Larry. If you're listening in live, well, that's great. And I would love to hear from you. You can give me a call at<PHONE_NUMBER>. If this show is going to be replayed during my normal hour at 1 to 2 p.m. So if you're listening to that show, we'll try to make today's show as pertinent as we can. Of course, if you can't give us a call, you can always reach me by email. You can send me an email, Steve, at TFNN.com. If you'd be kind enough to put radio show question in the subject heading, that'd make it easier for me to spot your email and we'll get right to your question. So let's go ahead and get this show started on terrific Tuesday. Currently, we've got the Dow Equity Futures. All equity futures contracts are trading lower. The Dow by 108 points, trade down to 27088. The S&P off 16 points. The Russell down about 10 and the Nasdaq off 63 points. Overseas last night, all of Asia traded higher, closed higher, as did Australia. The DAX this morning is taking it in the short, so to speak, of 283 points. That's two and a quarter percent to the downside. We'll take a look at that for Nick, who sent in a request at about 8 o'clock this morning. The FTSE is off 20 points, about a quarter of a percent. You've got gold up about $9, trading at $14.29. Silver's up eight pennies. That's a half a percent to the upside, trading at $16.52. And LightSuite crewed us up a quarter, trading out at $57.11. Bonds relatively flat out here. So where do we want to begin? I'll tell you where we begin. We'll begin by just simply take a look at natural cycles that exist inside the market. And that's this cycle right here. That's the cycle of the average Dow movement over the last 86 years out here. And what you can see is that we typically see the actual summertime blues top occur in July. It's typically right around, it has averaged out to be about July the 21st. And then the market moves lower into the middle of October. And that's really where the Santa Claus rally begins. So we're truly right now. It's really not the so-called sell in May is a myth. It would really be, it doesn't, the sell in July just doesn't seem to rhyme or what have you. And I forget the name of the lad that produced the seasonal cycle data. Just, it needs to be updated. Well, here you go. It's updated. It's really the sell in July cycle, not the sell in May. Now May forms an initial top and then you see price typically move lower into about the June time frame. And then one last move to the upside and boom, then to the downside. So that's the cycle. That's if you were swimming in the ocean, that's the tide. And right now the tide would appear to be, well, going out. I don't know if it's coming in or going out. Let's just say it's going the lower is what the tide says out here. So now what we got to do is go take a look at the markets and see what type of signals we can see out here and to do that. And that was the Dow that we were looking at. So if you're going to take a look at the Dow to try to understand, is it following through with its cycle? Well, all you have to do is come out here and take a look at one of Tommy DeMark's tools. One of his tools, which is called the TD Sequential System. We got a confirmed sell on the trading day of, that confirmed on the trading day of July the 18th. The reason why it confirmed that is because it closed lower than the trading session close on July the 12th out here. Now this is the daily cash in to see that we have. So this is, and this would have said the top would have been July 16th. That was the intercession high out here versus July 21st. We're really not going to worry about Stevie's charts. And whether it's July 21st or July 30th or July 16th or whatever the date might be, we're using it as a benchmark frame of reference to understand what the Dow typically does. And then what we do is we look for topping signals and patterns out there. And voila, that's the signal and the pattern that is in play inside of the Dow. Now, in order for the Dow to really change its trend out here, it would really need to close below the bottom of its profile. And to a certain extent here, let me pull over this chart. Now this is the Dow equity futures contract. We don't have the same TD Sequential count on it. We can't see that prices trading below the bottom of its profile, 27175. So the question that you and I have to answer this morning is, well, the Dow's giving us the signal, but the others are they following along? Because really in order for markets to move lower, at least here in the U.S., we need to see all of the markets move lower. And we don't have change in trend signals in the other indices, at least not just yet. Maybe we get them. Maybe it's that. I don't know that it'll be today. But we can take a look at one of the numbers that you and I are going to be watching. So we'll certainly take a look at that. Now with regard to the ESMini as an example, in reference to the S&P 500, here's what we know. We know that coming off of the low in June, if we just simply do our wave count, now that's one of Basil Chapman's tools. But what I'm showing you is not the Chapman wave. Instead it's just simply the letter counting out here. And what Stevie, that's me, Stevie Perseverance Rhodes likes to look for are those seventh wave moves. Now those seventh wave moves, those are letter G on my system. The reason, I still, if you count the letters A through G, you see G is number seven. That's your seventh inning stretch, so to speak. And they can't identify tops or bottoms out here. So you've got that pattern in play. You had a Rhodes momentum indicator signal that had confirmed out here on the trading day of July 16th. That was a short signal. And in fact, what that did, because whenever you get a bottom or a top signal, what you then are looking for is support or resistance. In this case here, support. Support was the bottom of the box. 26, 29, 69, 50. Actually hit that tick to the day. July 19th, that was a Friday. We can see that that held. Price moved higher, did it into the trading session of July 26th. Right around that July 27th time frame. Boy, that's interesting with regard to the markets. Makes that seventh wave move letter G, but also price. Gives you another signal of a Rhodes momentum indicator top. Now that topping signal from July 26th may be confirmed today. The reason I say maybe is because we don't know what the end of day candle looks like. In order for this pattern to confirm, you must have a bearish reversal candle. That should be easy to do because of yesterday's doji candle. Doji is a really important up of resistance. Well, yesterday what you saw was the yes mini was testing resistance. That was the top of its daily profile out there. So any close lower today because of yesterday's doji candle out there, the Japanese would refer to it as the leaves falling off of the tree out here, would be a signal that you should anticipate lower price. Now the reality is, let me give you the straight scoop, the straight poop on this. You've got to see the yes mini close below 3,675. Get below 3,675. That's the center of its current profile. Of course, there's a new one that is attempting to form. We'll look at that during this hour as well. But price must close below that in order for it to go explore 2,969.50. That's where the metal, that's where the rubber meets the road, so to speak out here. You must see it close below 2,969.50 inside the yes mini. Then join the Dow Equity Futures contract which says that a change in trend is in place out here in order for things to get rocking and rolling to the downside. Yes mini, we took a look at the Dow. I know that Nick wants to take a look at it on the 60-minute base as well as the DAX. By the way, with regard to the DAX out here, we take a look at it. You can see a total change in trend signal. That's coming off of its May 31st low. We're just looking at closing prices right here. But you can do the trend line and you can see that it was broken this morning as Tom likes to say in spades. Steve Rhodes with T.F. & N. Filinin for Larry Pescevento. We'll be back in just a few. Steve Dahl. Taz understands that in today's technological world, the use of top flight software applications and technical analysis expertise is essential to successful trading in today's market. You also gain access to the webinar that Steve Dahl and Tom O'Brien just hosted, the best way to use the Taz Profile Scanner to profit. This webinar archive is available for all subscribers immediately upon signing up. All new subscriptions also come with a 30-day money-back guarantee, where you have nothing to risk. Start your subscription by visiting the front page of TFNN.com today and you'll find the Taz Profile Scanner under the Services tab. Sign up today. Are you in the market for buying or selling real estate in the Bay Area, including the surrounding St. Petersburg, Tampa and Clearwater markets? Tiger Real Estate LLC is a firm that has extensive experience in the Tampa Bay Area. 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The DAX here's a 60 minute time frame on Nick for the DAX. Unfortunately, my tools don't get a my system, my other set of tools, which will take a look at the white background charts, don't get a live feed of the DAX. I got to figure that one out and so I can't go to that to help you identify support or resistance. All that you and I or all that I can do right now is just take a look at swing points, recognize that we're below the swing point out here from three o'clock in the morning on July the 18th and that would just suggest that price would likely be targeting the 11,987 area. That's a June 18th swing point that took place about four o'clock in the morning.  I don't have that. We take a look at the daily time frame. The reason I say I don't have that is this retracement on the trading session of July 25th was like an 80 or 90 percent retracement and so that doesn't really set up much of an A to B equal CD to the downside. So no reason to watch that either. And I don't have anything on the daily time frame to help identify a level of support at this stage. But we can go take a look at the Dow Equity Futures contract, Nick, and take a look at it. And we had already discussed the 30-minute time frame chart. Now, the reason why we discussed the 30-minute time frame chart is I've got this tool out here. It lets me know. So when I sit in front of my screen, I can quickly take a look at those things, those instruments that I want to be paying attention to, but I'm actively trading, and take a look at what's going on on the shorter-term time frame. So I typically am looking at the 30-minute, the 1-hour, the 2-hour, the 5-hour time frame. And I'm looking for my system to generate. All these things are automatic out here. They tell me what the condition of the chart is for that time frame. And then over on the right hand side, they tell me whether or not there is a Rhodes momentum indicator top or bottom signal. So right now, the only bottom signal in the Equity Futures contract comes from the Dow, and that's on its 30-minute time frame. With regard to gold, I've got top signals on a 30-minute and a 1-hour time frame. So it just allows me to focus real quickly and be able to understand what's going on. I've got it for the larger time frames as well, daily, weekly, monthly time frames. But especially this time of day, early in the morning before the market opens in about 10 minutes, we like to see if there's some kind of tell in the marketplace. You know, I used to do the 9 to 11 o'clock segment for years out there. I always loved doing 9 to 10, especially because it was pre-market. And so pre-market allowed us to say, okay, we got the opportunity to play Liars poker. What was the real message of the market? You might see the market trading lower, like the Dow by 100 points. But what did that really mean out here? And the really meaning, so to speak, depended upon the time frame that we were looking at. So in this case here, what we can see, we took a look at the ES mini, the daily time frame. We took a look at those rose momentum indicator tops. This is the opposite out here. Now it's a 30 minute chart, Nick. We'll go take a look at the 60 minute. But again, we can see that price is pushing lower, doing less relative energy doesn't mean a thing. And if it ain't got that swing, and the swing would be some type of bullish reversal signal. The bulls and bears, the buyers and sellers have got what just one role for you and I, and that's simply to paint those candlesticks. And it's really important for you and I to understand the real bullish and bearish reversal candles to assist us with our trading and investing. So doesn't look like we're going to get a bullish signal in the next nine minutes, but anything could happen in the next nine minutes. But here's Nick's 60 minute time frame chart. So what's the 60 minute time frame communicating to Nick? Well, first of all, what is communicating to all of us, we can see that this topped with your Gartley sell pattern out here. So let me get my cursor going. It did it yesterday. Really, the confirming signal came in at midnight. You see, there was no, even though I have the pattern drawn in here. And of course, Larry LP, he taught me this pattern as these taught it to each of you out here. But the key is when does the pattern complete? Now I'm going to go ahead and erase the pattern. And it's got to complete for me, it's got to complete with some type of topping signal. Now just happens to be that this pattern has completed twice or confirmed twice. The one topping signal that it generated at midnight, that was midnight and yesterday was a TD set up nine count pattern. You'll see the numerical sequence on my system here. And when you get to bar nine, well, really, when you get to bar eight, you have to be the hair on the back of your neck must stand up. If you have any, I've got a fresh shave out here. So don't have much just to just do, but that's besides the point. But here is the point. A top or bottom can form when you get to bars eight, nine, or the bar following and well, that's exactly what happened here. And then to just prove that point of that Gartley cell pattern, you had a move higher and a little shooting star, sorry, that was at 11 o'clock, not midnight. And then you had a follow through candle, bearish, bearish engulfing candle at exactly at midnight. And then what price has done, it's come down to test where it had most recently broken out, Nick, on the 60 minute timeframe that was 27, 116, that was established by that TD set up nine counts. So prices below that, ordinarily, Nick, you and I would say, hey, prices below that, it's going to head lower. Lee Corso would say, if he were doing the charting right now, he would say, Nick, not so fast. The reason why he would say not so fast is you got to love these patterns. So on the 60 minute timeframe, the bar that formed at nine o'clock was bar number eight. So now the hair on the back of your neck must be standing up or should be standing up because a bottom could occur, could have occurred at nine or could occur at 10 or could occur at 11. Those would be the only three time frames out here where the TD set up nine count because it could be the low bar eight, nine, bar eight, nine or the bar following nine. Now, that's the beauty of the pattern. Does it always work? No, but it works so often that you must pay attention to it. And when it doesn't work, it tells you about momentum to the upside out here. So that's your signal at 9.24 in the morning on the Dow Equity Futures contract. We know the 30 minute chart, we would be waiting for a bullish reversal candle to signal at least a countertrend rally or maybe some type of bottom out here. Likewise, the one hour chart has reason to say caution to the downside. So the beauty of looking at the shorter term time frames and you stepping to the screen and seeing that the Dow Equity Futures contract is off 100 or the Nasdaq down 65 is this will stop you from maybe taking action that you shouldn't take action until it would be confirmed out here. And that's how you and I read the message of the markets. Now, for those longer term time frame traders out there, they're trying to understand, hey, is that seasonality really kicking in out here? Well, one of the things that you and I want to pay attention to our TAS market profiles. They also help us measure support and resistance. What you're looking at on my screen is Stevie's advanced Doppler radar reading out here. You're going to see a new set of profiles in the ES and the NQ. Now those may not take hold out here. When I say it's an advanced warning system, I do mean advanced and these numbers can change out here. So we've really got two sets of numbers to watch the bottom of the ES mini profiles. Now 2981, just slightly above where yesterday's profile was, which is 296950. Inside the NQ, it does make a difference. If this is truly the new profile, the number to be watching here is 788620 versus yesterday, that bottom of that box was 779470. Now you might be saying to me, and I can kind of hear you, Stevo, what does that really matter out there? Come on. What's it matter? Well, for you, that say, what does it matter, all we have to do is look at this chart right here, this chart here for the ES mini. What you need to know is in markets that are moving to the upside, sustained bullish markets, price will just simply pull back to test support. Those are the green arrows. You're not going to change in trend until you break support. Those are the red arrows. Right now, we've just got a yellow arrow, so to speak, a yellow arrow in Stevie's quiver. So swing traders ain't going to be no change in trend until you see a close below the bottom of the daily box in the ES mini. I'll be right back. On a daily basis when the markets opened and even on weekends, each Monday, you'll receive Larry's written report that provides detailed commentary and a summary on the charts and videos that Larry sends out. And throughout the week, when warranted, Larry will send out via charts or videos or both the key markets that he is watching during the day. This will be up to the date active trading information that will help you in your daily trading. In Larry's first week alone, he sent out 25 charts, six videos, and a full report to his subscribers in just one week. 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Spot follow till the next is up trade down to $13.95. We're going to take a look at that. That's up about 9% this morning. Let's go to our first question, the second question that came in, this is from Ben. Ben writes in, what does bull over mean on your TAS? Saw that for your five hour timeframe. So Ben is referring to this. This was, we were taking a look at my short term timeframe signals out here. So I pulled this over. And what Ben was looking at is this little five hour outlook. So the market outlook shows right here for the Russell 2000 says bull over. So bull over says that the bullish move on a five hour timeframe, Ben, if that's what you were using as your, as the timeframe that you were trading would in essence tell you that you've broken through support. Now actually go ahead. Remember we were taking a look at the bottom of those profiles on a daily basis just as we went into the breakout there. So let's go ahead and well, Ben is really up early out here. He's out in Hawaii. Man, I got to love it. Yeah, you are my hero, Ben. I got into technical trading for a couple of different reasons. But what my initial intention was and where I began, and how I began working with Larry Pesevento was my intention was to just pack up and move to, move to Lanai. I know you're not on Lanai, but you can kind of say, I don't have a problem being with just a few thousand people with just a beautiful golf course. And the whole reason that I began really immersing myself in technical, in understanding the technicals of the market was so that I could trade currency pairs because there you're trading those 24 hours and it was much easier with regard to the time, timeframes and time zones. But getting back to your question out there, so we're looking at, Steve, I call that my Bob system, bullish or bearish out there. And here's the five hour chart for the, for the Russell 2000. What we're going to see is that this tells me, tells you, if you're following along with that, that price is broken through support. When you break through support says you go down to the next level of support. Now on a five hour timeframe, but that's what we're using for the Russell 2000. We don't have any new profiles that are out here. The last one, which price broke through was 1564 30 or 1559.  That's in about the 1545 level. But where the Russell 2000 on a five hour timeframe broke out, Ben was at the price point of 1520 80. And so you get below that 1545 ish area. If it does, that would become your price target. Pulling back to where price previously broken out on the timeframe chart that you're paying attention to, you're watching, that would be normal out here. So that's what the bowl over means when taking a look at the five hour timeframe chart for the Russell 2000. And then answered your question, what do your patterns show for price targets today on the Russell 2000? So there you go. As Gus would say in my big fat Greek wedding, we also have another question coming in from Tim. Tim wants to take a look at BlackRock. So to do that, what we do is we change over to our three timeframe. This is how we start off. This is how I like to start off in being able to help you answer what is BlackRock. That's Blackstone. Not BlackRock, I apologize, Blackstone, which is ticker symbol BX. It would be helpful if I actually gave you the right name of the equity that somebody's calling in or in this case, you're emailing in on. So here's what you and I know right now and Tim is in golden Colorado. You've got to love that. And Tim, here's what we know right now. Just take a look at this chart here. We're first just trying to identify key levels of support or resistance. We're also trying to understand where is price trading on a daily, weekly, monthly, and even quarterly timeframe. What we know about the Blackstone Group is, yes, price is pulling back, but there's a brand new profile that formed yesterday. Price is trading above the top of that box, $46.96. What does that mean? I mean it's the first level of support on a pullback is going to be $46.96. If price were to get below that area, and I don't know if it will or it won't, if it were, price would then pull back to $45.54.  I won't go there, but I did. And if you're looking at the weekly timeframe chart out there, you can see that price is trading above the top of its weekly profile, and that's $46.82. So any pullback you'd be looking for support to hold at $46.82. You're well above the monthly set of profiles, so everything there looks good. Now, what we have to do is we've got to go to Stevie's advanced set of tools out here. This helps us to understand, hey, what are we doing in relationship to support and resistance out here? Now, with regard to Blackstone Group, what we can see is price has been moving higher, doing it with less relative energy, and yesterday was that bearish engulfing candle. Now, what that does is that confirms a top out here. And when you confirm a top, it says what you should do, what price should do, is go down and test support. Well, we just discussed how it's above support at $46.96 level. So price really should get back to there. $45.54 would be the next level out there. And if price were to break below that, then where Blackstone Group broke out from, the price that it broke out from was $39.12, and that's what you would be looking at. This says just be careful because you have kind of a mixed signal here. You do have a top, but price is still above support out here. It hasn't broken support. And it would really all depend upon where you're at in the trade, what your timeframe horizon is, and so forth. Now, we don't want to just stop there because I mentioned your timeframe horizon. So what we want to do is say to Tim, last week, so far, was the high in Blackstone. And that was bar number eight. And what you and I know is that a top conform using the TD set-up nine count pattern on bars eight, nine, or the bar following nine. Now, what we don't know, and you have to have at least the ninth bar confirmed. And the only way the ninth bar gets confirmed this week is if price closes over bar number five. What is bar number five? That is $47.21. I'm referring to the close of bar number five, not the high of bar number five. So that's what you would be watching for. So the weekly could be giving you a signal of a top, says that price would pull back to support. Remember, support here is $46.82. You've also got support at $45.92. That's TV's green line. And then the final level of support, well, can't say the final level. The next level of support would be $42.36. And if that gets busted through to assist you with your trade, where price broke out using the TD set-up nine count, tools to help us identify that is $33.05. That's your intermediate term timeframe. I don't have any signals to suggest a top longer term, even longer term. And that would be on the monthly. So thanks for writing in. I hope that that helps you out with regard to Blackstone Group. And of course, folks, I'd love to hear from you. There's about 20 minutes left in the show. You can reach me at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Or what you can do is you can send me an email, Steve at tfn.com. Just put radio show question inside that subject heading. So what else is it that you want to watch today, folks? What is it that you want to watch today? You want to watch. Here's the deal. You will get from me just the facts. You will not get everything which is really important out there because otherwise it could just be BS before Steve shared with you the facts, the facts that we're taking a look at how markets make bottoms, how markets make tops, what to be paying attention to out here.  When we come back from the break, I'll show you a chart that shows you that that statement is pure BS. Mark wouldn't be 10,000 points higher. We'll be right back though. If you're in the CD market and looking for a secure investment, the Tiger First Mortgage Program may work for you. The security for these first mortgages are building lots in the tax opportunity zone in St. Petersburg, Florida. The tax act of 2018 set up tax-free zones across the country where you can build and hold for 10 years and pay no tax on the profits, which makes these lots valuable. The investment is anywhere from $30,000 to $75,000. The interest paid is 7% yearly paid on a monthly basis. 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Tiger Dollars can be used for any TfN newsletter or service, and this offer is open to new and current subscribers. With gold making six-year highs and gold mining equities trading higher, this is a great time to sign up for The Gold Report at a dramatic savings. For all the details, visit the front page of tfnn.com. This deal ends July 31st, so don't miss out. Get your Tiger Dollars and sign up today for The Gold Report 900th issue sale. Will the S&P 500 continue to climb? For bold trades on U.S. large cap stocks in either direction, trade SPXL, SPUU, or SPXS, directions daily S&P 500, bull and bear, leveraged ETFs. Direction leveraged ETFs. An investor should carefully consider a fund's investment objective, risks, charges, and expenses before investing. A fund's prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares. To obtain a fund's prospectus and summary prospectus, call<PHONE_NUMBER> or visit Direction Investments.com. A fund's prospectus and summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing. An investment in the fund is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal. The funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors. Distributor, Four Side Fund Services, LLC. Next on TFNN. Welcome back, folks. Steve Rhodes Villanan for Larry Pesavento. Thanks so much for joining me and you can always catch my show at one to two. Today's show is going to be, this show is going to be replayed between one and two. So if you're new, if you haven't heard of me before, listen, you can always catch the archives as well or go to the YouTube channel and watch those or listen to those while you're driving around. If you really want the honest information about what the markets are doing and you've got the Fed that is going to likely go ahead and reduce rates out here. It has nothing to do with the stock market. That is for sure. So when you see tweets that say, hey, rates weren't moving higher, the market would be up 10,000 points. That is absolute BS. Before Steve shared with you this chart here, because you see folks, that is just simply not the way the markets operate. And this is, I don't want you to fall into some kind of trap out here. I don't want you to fall into trap thinking that if rates rise, that the markets are going to get crushed. That's what the media out there, the financial news media, this stuff here that I'm looking at, there's no reason that they can't look at it like this. There's no reason why they can't go back and do a little bit of fact-checking. This goes back 27 years to 1993. The bottom portion of my chart is the S&P 500. The top portion is just the short-term 13-week treasury bills. You can see when interest rates are rising out here. You see that in each and every single time frame. Now we're looking at monthly time frame. So we get rid of a little bit of noise out here. What does the market do? The S&P 500 specifically when interest rates rise, the market goes up. The S&P 500 has been moving higher since 2009, clearly. But since 2015, when interest rates, short-term interest rates started moving higher as well. You see, those are the facts. So don't get taken by what goes on out there. Now what really is important, because what you and I are interested in is, hey, what's the market going to do next out here? Is it heading higher or lower? Are we in that? We're in that end favorable seasonal cycle. So what is it that we need to be paying attention to? Well, one of the things that we need to be paying attention to is the spot volatility index. You and I, we don't really care what the spot volatility index is trading at. Right now it's trading at $13.81. It wouldn't matter to you and I if it was at $13.81 or if it was at $45 or it was at $65. It just doesn't matter what the number is. Do not get taken by what that number is. It doesn't matter whether it's at $9, it's at $13, it's at $14. What matters is, where is the spot volatility in trading in relationship to its 50-day exponential moving average? That's what this chart shows you. This chart just simply tells you the way that it is. The bottom panel of this chart is the spot volatility index. That's the blue line. The red line is the 50-day exponential moving average, which by the way is priced at $14.25. That's the number you want to have on a pad of paper today. That's what you're going to be looking at. Is there a close above that? You see, if you go back to the left-hand side of the chart, back in 2018, the yellow rectangle helps you to show what the S&P 500 was doing during the time period where the spot volatility index was trading above its 50-day exponential moving average. Go next to that when you saw the rally. Now, this is not going to call the top or call the bottom out here, but what it is going to do, it's going to give you the information you need to understand a sustained uptrend in the S&P or sustained downtrend in the S&P. What typically occurs, you can then see in that green rectangle box out here that the spot volatility index was below its 50-day exponential moving average. What did the S&P 500 do on average? Then go forward into the high that took place out here in May, the May-day high out here. Where was the spot volatility index? It was above its 50-day exponential moving average. Where are we now? Where we're at right now is we are still below that level. I don't want you to get trapped into a short position. Do we have signals in the Dow? Do we have a potential signal in the S&P 500? Do we have a signal in the NDX100? The answer is we do. In order for a sustained move in the markets to actually take place, and it is this simple, you can go back and do your own fact checking.  Go back as far as you want. I suggest you go back into 2007, 2008, 2009, and there you will see when the spot volatility index was in the 50s and 60s and the 40s out there, then you will see that the number itself doesn't mean a thing. The question is always, where is it trading in relationship to its 50-day exponential moving average? Now, you've got the New York Stock Exchange. That's what tool I know that Larry likes to take a look at, and so do I, even though we can't trade it out here, but it gives us a general feeling for what's going on. And here what we can see is you can see if you look to the right-hand side of the panel, down towards the bottom, what you're going to see is you're going to see a set of declining tops in panel number three. Panel number three is the advanced decline oscillator. I know you might say, what's an oscillator's divo? An oscillator's a difference between two things. In our case, the two things are going to be energy, are going to be the exponential moving average. In this case here, we use the 39 and the 19 periods. Why? Because it is rocket science out there, literally is rocket science. I won't go into that story just yet, but here's the deal. When that advanced decline oscillator reading is below zero, sellers are the ones that are in control. What we really pay attention to is its price rising or moving sideways, but yet what it has is it has a declining tops pattern. So the New York Stock Exchange for quite some time, when I say quite some time since about July 3rd, has been signaling that there is a top that is forming in the market. Now, how far is that going to take price down to? That's where we go back to our support levels, whether it's our TAS market profiles and the equity futures contracts or some other tools that Stevie has. But the key here is there's not going to be a sustained move in the New York Stock Exchange, let alone the other markets, until you see the spot volatility closing above and staying above its 50-day exponential moving average. So 1425, folks, that is a key level for you to be paying attention to. There was a question earlier inside the Tiger's Den. The Tiger's Den was, can we take a look at natural gas? And here's natural gas, and here's all that you really need to know is that there is no bullish reversal candle just yet. I know we're just looking at a bar chart. I guess you'll just have to trust me on this. I can take a look at it and know whether it's a bullish or bearish or candle out here. But right now, and so at this stage, you're trading below its daily and its weekly profiles. Yes, price is testing the swing point back here from July the 20th. We're actually trading below that, just slightly below that. Sometimes you get back to a swing point. And what you can see is this is where price will stop and it stopped there before. There may be an A to B equal CD to the downside that is underway out here when we take a look at it. But here's the deal. I don't see a bottom just yet inside of natural gas. And that was from one of our deniers out there. Might have been Tucker. Yeah, it was Tucker. So Tucker, that's what the daily and weekly timeframes are showing us. And quite frankly, if we just go to a 60-minute timeframe, just like we looked at on the ES mini on the daily timeframe, and we were saying, you can't call a change in trend until you see support being broken. Well, we can do that for all different timeframes. And here, if you look at the 60-minute timeframe, that's the panel on the left, price must close above the top of a 60-minute profile in order for there to possibly be any kind of even short-term signal out here. And we don't have that. That would require right now a close above $2.14 cents out here. So I know everybody is hunting for a bottom inside natural gas. You really want to wait for, at least on the daily chart, some type of bullish reversal signal myself. And even when you get that, you're going to have resistance at 224 and resistance at 230. That was the weekly and daily market profiles, respectively. As Steve Rhodes filling in for Larry Pes vento, we'll be back for the two-minute wrap in just a few. I'm certain you are or strive to be one of the best of the best at everything you do in life. It's most common trait that we Tigers and Tigers share. If you're looking to become the best of the best when it comes to managing your money, let me teach you to do what most wealth managers tell you can't be done, which is how to time the markets. I'm Steve Rhodes, author of Mastering Probability. And for the last 12 months, Timer Digest has been tracking my newsletter signals, which have earned me the ranking as their number one market timer in the nation for the S&P 500 for the last 12, 6, and 3 months. Timer Digest also ranks me as the number one market timer for gold as well. The fact is, markets can be timed. And I'll teach you the exact set of tools that I use that has transformed me into one of the best at what I do. Sign up for Mastering Probability today by clicking on the newsletter tab on the homepage of TFNN.com and get immediate access to workshops where I take you step by step how to use an extraordinary set of tools as well as provide great market calls too. Sign up today. If you haven't checked out the newsletters page of TFNN.com, what are you waiting for? All of the TFNN newsletters are informative, up to date, affordable, and must have for every trader looking to gain a competitive informational edge in today's markets. TFNN newsletters cover every aspect of the markets to offer you the very latest in market news. Plus, new subscribers get to test drive our newsletters risk-free for 30 days. From all aspects of the markets, including stocks, bonds, metals, commodities, and tech, there's a newsletter to fit your needs exclusively from TFNN. Stay informed each day you trade and get that competitive edge that will help you stay ahead of the game. Visit our newsletters page by going to TFNN.com and click the newsletters button near the top of the page. TFNN.com Educating Investors Since 1984, Basil Chapman has been using the Chapman Wave methodology to advise traders of his expert market opinion. While originally hand-drawing charts from the late 1970s into the 1980s, Basil noticed that prices under most circumstances virtually always had a certain number of legs to the upside before declining sharply. Later, Basil found that computer software, which included the standard market technical indicators, enhanced the degree of accuracy in calling price turns, as well as market trend calls. Thus was born the Chapman Wave Sequence. Using the Chapman Wave methodology along with other indicators, Basil Chapman advises his subscribers of his expert market opinion each market day with his opening call newsletter. Right now, you can get a two-week free trial to the opening call, Basil's daily trading newsletter, by visiting the front page of TFNN.com. Cancel at any time during that trial and pay absolutely nothing. Get your two-week free trial to Basil's newsletter, the opening call today by visiting TFNN.com. This segment is brought to you by Think or Swim. For more information, just click the Think or Swim banner on the front page of TFNN.com. Welcome back, folks. Steve Rhodes-Fillenden for Larry Pesavento. Join me at one o'clock, although not today because the show is going to be archived and replayed at 1 p.m., but tomorrow would be a good time to join me live. So our last question coming in from a e-mailer out here wanting to take a look at, oh, I see there's a couple out here. Let's see if we can get to both of them. Oh, there's three, my goodness. So let's take a look. The question is about lights weed crude. What do we see in lights weed crude? So when I look at the daily timeframe chart, I don't see much. I don't see any significance of a top or a bottom. I can tell you that 63.14 is going to be significant resistance and 51.84 is going to be some support out here. That's where price most recently broke down and broke out. That's what the daily timeframe chart shows me. I don't see anything on a weekly or a monthly out here. I think trading lights weed crude. If you take a look at even a 30-minute timeframe chart out here, I don't have any really great signals. I don't have any great signals of a top. We can see that the price is trading below on a 30-minute basis where it last broke out. That was at 56.33 out here. So I don't have a good feel one way or the other with regard to lights weed crude and where it wants to head to. If I did, I would absolutely give that to you. So hopefully that helps you out. So if you're not in the trade, I wouldn't get into the trade because I don't see any good bottom or top, even on a short-term timeframe out there. And the next questions that came in, the last questions were gold and what's going on there. And the easy way for me to tell you is that this is a big bull trap out here. Big bull trap. Look, what we have out here on a weekly basis is two confirmed tops out here. You've got the A to B equal CD pattern that was confirmed with the shooting star several weeks ago. Then two weeks ago, we had a TD set up. Well, it was last week we had the confirmed TD set up nine count with bar eight being the high out there. That tells us of a top on a weekly basis. The daily chart out here for gold tells us of a top as well. It's got Stevie's roads momentum indicator top. That was confirmed with that bearish engulfing candle, which also happened to be wave number seven. So we got a lot of sideways action out there. Of course, we have that sideways action because if you're sitting over in London town right now and you're holding on to pounds, you're saying, how the heck do I get out of dodge? And where those pounds are flowing right now are in the gold. So traders over in London over in pounds are buyers, not sellers. That's why gold priced in dollars is not headed lower just yet. Folks, thanks so much for being here. Stay tuned. Tom and Tommy O'Brien coming up next. After that, you've got the, you've got the forget what you have. But then Basil, my replay, David White, Tom O'Brien. Have a terrific Tuesday, folks. I look forward to seeing you soon.


My name is Fath MacBall. You missed the beginning of the presentation. I was the civil rights attorney for care back in 2013 to 2015, but before I took some time off to take care of my kids. I'm now the immigrant rights attorney, but I'm so happy to be presenting a New York rights presentation on religious accommodations for incarcerates during Ramadan. And just really quickly, there's a little disclaimer, the material covered in this presentation is intended to educate and does not constitute legal advice. Viewers should not act on the information provided without seeking any professional legal counsel, neither transmission or receipt of these materials creates an attorney-client relationship between the author and the receiver. And basically, this is just to let you know that we'd love to hear from you personally about your personal situation. Please visit the CARES FBA website. In the corner, there is a little report and incident button that you can use in case you need more information about how to help a particular person that you have in mind, whether they're incarcerated or not. We have some more New York rights presentations coming up this week, so do check them out. And this is just a small, short presentation, especially with Ramadan coming up. Those who are incarcerated may want to observe and practice during Ramadan. The thing about faith, this is not monolithic. And just because you weren't practicing or weren't reading the Maas before Ramadan doesn't mean that you can't start now. And I apologize, the Maas is the word for prayer and I might use that interchangeably. We want you to be aware of the rights of those who are incarcerated and also be confident that these rights are rooted in the law. I won't be talking a lot about the particulars of the law. They're there on the screen if you want to read them, but more so about just the different pieces of religious observation that might come into play during Ramadan. So some of the complaints that the office received has been about hijab not being allowed to pray, whether it's your five daily prayers, Juma or Thayawih, which are the nightly prayers that happen during Ramadan extra. They're called super obligatory in some religious circles, but basically extra prayers that some people do consider part of their faith. The thing about, like I said before, faith is not monolithic, and so you might find that you may believe a little bit differently than someone else, but you're also Muslim and you're entitled to your own particularly sincerely held religious beliefs. Generally, facilities are supposed to accommodate Muslims' requests for prayer, even for things like dates, because they have religious significance in the month of Ramadan, meals for Sahur and Iftar at those particular timings, the allowance to pray Thayawih, and then of course for Eid na Mas. We'll get into the specifics about meal accommodations. Those happen to be very particular aspects of the law that have been tried and tested, and there's a particular language that comes along with the understanding of what the meals need to entail, and we'll go a little bit over that. And then of course I mentioned prayer, and then we can talk and discuss a little bit about some of the success stories that we've had at CARE, and not only at the CARES FBA office, but up and down California. So for those of you who are not Muslim, Ramadan is a month of the Islamic calendar. Interestingly enough, it's not one of the four what are considered holy religious months, but it is a month in which Muslims all over the world observe their faith outwardly, and other people take notice, right? They're people who are fasting at school, at offices, and yes indeed in presence and correctional facilities. While it's common for Muslims to do things a little bit differently during Ramadan, again religious beliefs while they may be shared, when we're talking about the rights of those who are incarcerated, it's the sincerely held religious belief of the person, which may look a little bit different from everyone. Again if you're Muslim, you know that fasting and reading thoroughly are considered pious acts, and people take great care not only to abstain from obviously food and drink, but also other things like swearing, smoking, drinking gum, drinking water. A lot of people are very surprised to find out that even water is not allowed for those who fast, but those who are sick, elderly, they don't, they're excused from fasting. They pay a fidia and their fasting is excused. Fidia is a predetermined amount of money that you pay when you can't fast, and there are other things that are related to payment for when you break a fast, but we won't be getting into that here, and you can certainly look those things up online.  Some people say it's up until the, when you hear the adhan, which is the call to Fajr prayer in the morning. The adhan is called to prayer, but in the morning it would be the Fajr prayer, the early morning prayer, pre-dawn prayer that you can eat. A lot of people take care to eat things that will help them go the distance during that day, so that's actually of particular importance to those who are incarcerated because whatever equivalent, whatever equivalent of meals that they're getting throughout the day, they would want to get at the morning sahur before they start their fast, right, and then when they break their fast, if not. So we'll get into that language as we move through the presentation. Of course, Muslims, generally speaking, they don't eat pork or pork fry products, and so the meals do have to accommodate that. Again, as I discussed, religious practice is not always the same, and so some people require that their meat is hand slaughtered. Again, the prisons or correctional facilities need to facilitate that. And like it says on the bottom, someone who knowingly, and that's really important work knowingly, denies a prisoner, his religious diet is in violation of the First Amendment, freedom of religion, and is not entitled to qualified immunity. So qualified immunity is something that someone would use as a defense to, we don't have to give you that right. So that person, if they knowingly denied someone who was incarcerated, any of these accommodations that we've talked about, they would be in violation of the First Amendment. And, you know, we're not the only community that fast. So fasting is also undertaken by some Christian communities, Jewish communities as well. So prisons are very familiar with fasting and what it entails, although for Muslims, it looks a little bit different as we've discussed. And, let's see, and if it's of any use of knowledge, so Jews observe fasting in the Jewish New Year, ending in Yom Kippur, and they also abstain from food and beverage, but also work in sexual relations, like Muslims also do that. And then also those who identify as Roman Catholic or Christians, other types of Christians, they observe a period of fasting known as Lent, where they give up something. I had a friend in high school who gave up candy for Lent one year. So again, prisons aren't familiar with this, this shouldn't be new to them. But if you are requesting an accommodation on behalf of a family member, it may be wise for you to also know some of the other observations, so that way you can buttress a claim if you have one, right? So Ramadan meal service, these are some of the laws that support the basis for someone requesting what's called like a Ramadan meal service. And essentially what makes it a Ramadan meal service is that it's just being offered, food is being offered at a non-usual time in the schedule, right? For Sahur or for Ifda. And obviously, Muslims have made requests for halal meals throughout the year, not just in Ramadan. And those have been satisfied. And there's a note at the bottom about administrative need for like signups and things like that. And at the end of the day, what you have to know is that the prison can you or the correctional facility can use what's at their disposal to help them organize, right? But it can't be like a signup sheet for six months ago or five months before Ramadan unit starts, right? But signup sheets may be a part of how they organize this. And so what we are hoping is is that community members and their family members who are incarcerated or if they're friends, you can support those who are incarcerated by understanding that they do have to work with the prison in order to get these rights, right? But it can't be anything that is burdensome, something that really doesn't help facilitate this. But in actuality is used as a means to prevent people from getting the accommodation that they desire. And something that the presenters of this Know Your Rights webinar wanted to make sure that those who are watching understand is that it's an incarcerated's right to practice as a religion and not secured by the US Constitution. So it's ingrained in the federal law, it's ingrained in this thing called the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Person Act, RLU, AIPA. And these rights have also been codified in California state law and facility policies. There are definitely a lot of different citations throughout the presentation that support this. And let's go forward. And in terms of fasting, we've already been through this, right? And there's a lot of language in this presentation that is must and should. And this is just to make you aware of what are your rights. However, in working with the prisoners or the facilities, perhaps there's a Muslim chaplain on board. We definitely would want to soften the language, right? Of course, these are your rights, but the way that we go about them and achieving them is different from how they're showing up on this presentation. And so we would absolutely be honored to help anyone with a request. Should they need it? We've done these before, we've been successful before. And should you have a family member or friend who needs us to make a request on their behalf? Because they're not getting these things, they're not getting time to pray or dates or Iftar or Sahur or, you know, any of it or some of it or none of it. We were here to help. Please, please go to our website and please report anything that you see that is does not align with what we're presenting today. And at the end of the day, what we want everyone to understand is that refusing these pieces, in essence, are refusing big practices of Ramadan and it's against the law and it shouldn't be done. And so if you're aware that a prisoner is not getting these rights, please talk to us, we'd love to. So this is all right here. I think it would be a service for me to just read this off the slide and I have mentioned this. The one piece that I haven't talked about is that there may be some, um, there may be those who are incarcerated who also have another medical condition that requires them to have a particular kind of meal and that also should be taken care of by the facility. And in addition to that, there may be some Muslims who because of their health or because of their age are not going to fast and that shouldn't impact another person, another incarcerated person's ability to fast or to participate in what they feel are meaningful activities during Ramadan in conjunction with their own sincerely held religious beliefs. As I mentioned earlier in the presentation, yes, Islam is practiced by billions of people, but at the same time, everyone's practice looks a little bit different and just because someone is doing something differently doesn't mean that another person has to do it the same way as them. And so the prisoners and the person who's incarcerated their particular health, their allergies, their own ideas of what the fasting means to them, when it should be broken, when it should be done, those need to be taken into consideration. But as you see on the slide, there should be a conversation about this, there should be knowledge about this, and that ultimately this shouldn't be a bar to getting your accommodation request satisfied. Let's see, I like mentioned illnesses. Again, the individuals sincerely held religious beliefs, they're in charge of that, right? So it's up to the individual person if they want to fast or not, if they want to read thoroughly or not, if they want to participate in these activities or not. This is not, everyone has to do it the same way. And prisons and even facilities like schools and different things, everyone needs to be aware of them. So yeah, I think what's most surprising for community members to know when we do presentations like this is that things like dates are part of, you know, the religious significance of the month of Ramadan and prison should have access to them. Things like Eid al-Mas, Congressional prayers, this is like, in addition to Juma prayers, right? These are things that should be accommodated. So if you are, if you know someone who's again, who wants these rights and are not getting them, please contact us. We'd love to help anyone who wants these accommodations and especially during Ramadan, coming up, this is very important. And COVID restrictions, some of them are easing up now. And so I don't know if this will be a particular concern. But of course, any restrictions that are in place so that COVID doesn't spread, those need to be narrowly tailored. And Muslims shouldn't be, it shouldn't be that Muslims are a disfavored of their other religious groups. Actually, like I mentioned, for many religious groups during this time will also be fasting. And so it's a clue to us if a particular faith is being accommodated, but Muslims are not, right? And so it's all things to mention to us if, should you have a problem. We, again, I've mentioned that we've sent out letters to all the different correctional facilities and prisons, making them aware of dates of Ramadan for this year. And so they all do have that knowledge at their hands. And hopefully no one should have problems getting accommodations this year. And again, I've mentioned that this is not just for Ramadan, this is for the whole year. So I talked about this as well, dates are part of religious significance. And if the correctional facility has a Muslim chaplain that that is amazing, and they definitely should be coordinating with them to help provide an opportunity for prayer and a holiday meal for Eid. We hope that our incarcerated brothers and sisters, of course, our prayers are with them. And we hope that their Ramadan is just as successful as ours. Like I mentioned at the beginning of the presentation, Care California, which means offices in San Diego, LA, San Francisco Bay Area, and then Sacramento and the Valley. They've all have been requesting prisoner accommodations for years and have been granted. We've even there have even been some lawsuits that have been successful. And so again, we encourage anyone who needs help with these particular issues, please do reach out to us. We're so happy to help and we want to make sure that every incarcerated Muslim brother and sister has a very successful. And that's it. And since there's no one here, I don't think there's going to be any questions and answers. But I'm hoping to just, if it's okay, just do a little du'a since we're so close to Ramadan. And it's just a prayer that we're asking God, Allah, that we may, you know, reach Ramadan. So I'm just going to read it off my phone. Oh, Allah, let us reach Ramadan. I really support you. And I hope that this information has been useful. And again, we really encourage anyone who has incarcerated family members or friends who are concerned that their friend or family member is not receiving any of these accommodations. Of course, this presentation is here, you have all the rights, we'd be happy to help in any way that we can. And with that, our civil rights team is actually an team and Ali, who is the legal services coordinator, Brown suit, who's our paralegal for both. And it's been always also our legal services coordinator for both our civil rights and immigration rights team. And so it's a brown suit. And then Jeffrey Wing is our civil rights attorney. So they would be happy to help in any of the reasonable accommodation requests that you would like to make. Thank you so much for spending some time with me. And I really appreciate your patience. And that's the end of the presentation. So thank you so much.


Check dams or gully plugs are structures built across channels to reduce erosion by lowering water speed and accumulating sediments during floods. They are often introduced in degraded areas where natural or agricultural vegetation cover was lost or not capable of holding the topsoil. Check dams can be grouped into two main categories, temporary and permanent structures. Primary check dams include structures of small to medium size, designed to resist a few years. These structures support the establishment of a permanent vegetative cover and can be removed when their goal is achieved. Permanent check dams are medium to large constructions, usually implemented in severely affected sites. They are designed to last many decades and to resist massive flood events. Usually entire communities benefit from their implementation. The check dam should be firmly keyed to the bed and banks of the gully to provide stability and avoid underflow. Several factors influence the choice of a check dam, such as topography, precipitation intensity, material and financial resources. Check dams are flexible structures and can be built with a great variety of materials. They can be built with brushwood, wooden posts, stones, fixing gabions, cement or simply by piling sandbags. Check dams need to be built on the right places, ideally where water can be directed to suitable areas for groundwater recharge. In this sense, locations where natural vegetated floodplains exist are particularly suitable. Check dam implementation needs to be started in the upstream of the catchment in order to avoid the destruction of the downstream structures. Furthermore, suitable land use, humus building and terracing should accompany the first aid of the plugs. The variety of materials and resources that can be used to make check dams makes them a flexible and suitable solution for different areas and environments. They are also one of the most used stabilization measures worldwide. However, a drawback is the constant and intense maintenance needed. If not accomplished, incompleteness of the work and improper maintenance can in fact lead to structural damages with time. The higher frequency of heavy floods due to climate change forces constructors to pay more attention to the after-implementation phase of a check dam, the maintenance. This is to avoid subsequent collapses and failures. It is essential to adapt check dam design to changes in context, climate and situation and integrate post-completion supporting structures and to implement continuous maintenance practices.


All right. The final talk in this session is Flux to Animation Boundary Method by Alexis Tomahin and Andrew Selle. Alexei will be giving the talk. All right. Thanks for the intro. My name is Alexei, and I'll be presenting this paper about Flux to Animated Boundary Method, which we wrote with Andy Selle at World D's Animation Studios. So I want to start with saying that, you know, that method kind of went, I guess, closely related to the movie production of the movie Moana, we used it to create full shots such as this one. All right. So when we started on this movie, we knew we were going to have a lot of water. So we started with writing our own physical-based water simulator. It's really similar to what Houdini Flip does with some advanced models on top of that, but basically the idea is the same. We have the Navi Stokes equation, which we discretized using particles. We'll get this physical-based solver, and as long as the input is physical, we can guarantee some realistic physical high-quality output.  The term we like to use the studio's believability. Sometimes that's borderline with magical kind of stuff you see on the left. And there's quite a big gap between physical-based simulation and our directed result. There are multiple methods you could use to control a simulation. I roughly classed five and three categories. There are obviously more methods. But the main criterion to distinguish the bias is basically how aggressive they are. So the most aggressive one is velocity override. We basically take a simulation of a frame and try to override the velocities with some predefined ones. Animators like to do that a lot because they have full control of fluid simulation, but it kind of defeats the purpose of the simulation itself because it pretty much end up animating the whole thing. Then we can take a little bit of software approach. We can use volumetric forces, meaning instead of enforcing velocities on particles, exactly we introduce some force fields which have some lag defect. Basically, you know, through inertia, you have a little bit more believable behavior. So it's more on the physics side, less in our direction. And finally, the approach we're actually interested in is using boundary conditions. So the previous two methods are really volume based. So you control the particle volume. Boundary conditions are more sparse, more sparse control mechanism. We just use the boundary to facilitate, you know, certain behavior that we want. And we believe that instead of controlling, kind of post-fixing the simulation that you see, so imagine you ran the same, you're not happy with the results, you try to fix it. We think that's probably not the best way to do it. Better ways to understand what went wrong and try to fix the boundary conditions so that the simulation works fine out of the box. And I just want to say, really, we're inspired by this paper by Nielsen Brisson from 2011 because they use boundary condition approach to oppress simulation, use low resolution, simulation to drive high resolution simulation. So that was really inspiring for us. And I also want to give a shout out to the talk that happened this morning. Bifrost team gave an overview of their boat wake pipeline. And it was interesting to hear some ideas of how they came from this paper and the development they did. All right, so back to the problem we want to solve. So we had to do a lot of boats or canoes traveling throughout the Pacific Ocean. And the ocean's big. There is no hope of simulating the whole thing. And also we wanted to have certain character of the ocean. We want to be able to control the shape of the waves. It makes an art direction problem. Basically, we have the whole big ocean that's specified by, say, layout department. And then we would like to simulate, to run the simulation next to the boats and the vicinity of the boats and make sure the simulation matches the character of the ocean. That is a sort of a particular case over a more general problem where we have, say, the whole world filled with some substance, something that kind of moves around, maybe obeying some physical laws or maybe has some procedural character to it. And then there's a character traveling through that world. And you'd like to have a localized simulation just around the character. So to run the same on the vicinity of the character and then impose the boundary conditions in such a way that the simulation matches the outside procedural specified world. So getting back to the boat, let's consider a simple example of a boat traveling on a flat ocean, flat, let's say, lake surface. So the boat moves. The lake is big. We don't want to simulate the whole thing. So we try to localize the simulation to some area just around the boat. So how would we do that? A sort of a simple naive approach would be to say, well, let's put a collision object in there. So sort of create this bathtub around the boat that would be traveling with it through the ocean and the water will be splashing inside of it. But if you think about it, so the boat moves, the collision object moves and that collision object would push in the fluid creating a moving water that would be going in the direction left. And that's not what we want. We want the water to be static and the boat actually be moving through that water creating a boatwake. So this is really what we want. So instead of a collision object, we would like to introduce this primitive called fluid boundary. So the idea here is the following. We would really like to decouple the two concepts that are involved in the setup. We would like to be able to distinguish between the moving shape of the window or the window similar to run to run and kind of realize that there is a separate entity, the static material that's in those two separate things and they're not necessarily should be mixed. So to kind of better explain what I mean here, let's consider the following example. So if we have the velocity of the wind or the velocity of the material matching, so the shape allows to measure the material velocity, we'll get that example I just talked about. We have a bathtub moving and the whole fluid moves with it. But you don't necessarily have to have them the same. So the shape velocity can be non-zero with material velocity being zero. And you get an example in the middle where the window moves through the static water. Where it can go more crazy and have them perpendicular to each other or have some different combination. To give examples of that, say here we have shape velocity matching the material velocity so we have a pure collision object moving through the scene. You can have shape being static and material moving which gives you a source. Then the shape could move and material can be static but that's not the kind of source where the fluid gets left behind with zero velocity. Or you can combine a combination of those. So one thing I want to point out here is that concept is not really new. Back in the day where particle level sets and Eulerian techniques were more popular, there was a natural way to impose boundary condition to create sinks and sources. But with more, say modern, I guess, flat approaches with particle-based solutions, that technique sort of got forgotten in favor of more particle-based ways of controlling simulations.  So in order to create a source, for example, they would throw a particle in the system. If you want to delete the fluid, they would just delete the particles. So that's a really simple control mechanism but that sort of downplays the effect of the boundary condition. So that got lost and we're looking forward to bringing that back into a flip simulation. So in order to do that, let's look at the flip solver. So in flip solver, particle is a primary representation. And then a simulation step consists of the following stages. The particles get rasterized to the grid. Then we perform a boundary value solve on the velocity field. We fix the velocity with a projection or if it's not a fluid, it could be an MPM or any other, you know, hybrid or larynal grunge and kind of solver. We perform the boundary solve as well. And we interpolate the result back on the particles. And then the particles get affected. Now, if you want to introduce some collision objects in the scene, you typically will start with some mesh. And then you would rasterize that mesh onto something volumetric that's understandable by the volumetric part of the solver. And that goes into the boundary value solve. So the way it affects the boundary value solve is the following. So typically we have some re-enoccupy with the fluid. Then the shape of the collision object would dictate whether the boundary condition can get enforced. And the boundary conditions themselves are determined by the velocity of that collision object. Finally, if you want to insert particles and remove them, you would perform a material set update step. So what, how do we, how do we integrate the flux-animated boundaries in our solver? Basically it happens right here. So instead of collision object, you would, you would put the flux-animated boundary in there. And the only difference is that instead of having one velocity field, you would have two velocity fields, you would have separate mesh shape and a material velocity. The only, there are two steps of the solver that gets affected. One is the boundary value solve, where instead of, I'm sorry, so you would use the shape of the, of the collision of the fab to still like, to still determine where the, where the boundary condition needs to get enforced. But instead of the velocity of, of that shape, you would use a material velocity. And also, the, the fab affects the material set update. We don't just want to throw particles and assist, we want to make sure that happens in the volumetric flux. So let me explain how that's done. So imagine here we have a container, the purple, in purple I'm showing the, the flux-animated boundary, which is a window moving through presumably the ocean that's showing blue, and we have the simulation particles. Now, assume we already did the whole projection step, so the flow is divergent free, now we need to move everything, we want to advect the flux-animated boundary, we want to advect the particles. And we also want to perform the necessary seeding. So what we do is, is perform the seeding in a thin layer of the, of the flux-animated boundary. We use VDBs to represent it, we don't have to see the whole volum, we just see the thin, in the boundary. That, that's good for performance reasons, and typically, you know, the CFL condition helps with, with determining the thickness of that layer. Then the shape of the object gets moved, and also we advect the particles. And finally, we will look at which particles are inside the object outside, and we'll leave all the ones that are inside. So that's how the seeding is performed. It was, it was interesting, so once we, once we implemented that technique, artists immediately put it to good use, they never cease to surprise us. There was this character in the, in the movie, the, the ocean. It was, it was actually a living creature. It kind of had a shape looking like that. And one of the artists took that shape as the, as the shape for the, for the simulator, and he painted those curves on top of the, on top of the shape, and rasterized it to a volume, creating the material velocity field. And that's the kind of same he was able to achieve for straight out of the box. So that was, that was pretty impressive. And also the same, same, but matched. And by the way, that image that I showed you at the beginning of the presentation was done with exactly the same technique. So now let's get back to the window simulation, and creating wigs for the canoes. So what we, what we started with is we hand drawn a procedural wave, which is shown in red here. So red line is the procedural, uh, wave train on the ocean surface, which would go all the way out of the horizon. And then we'd use this gray box to specify the window where we'd like to perform a simulation and actually try to recreate, uh, the, that, we, we would like to get a perfect match between our simulation and that red line. Because the boss is not there, so as long as the waves enter the simulated domain, we hope that they will stay, that they will keep the shape. But that didn't happen. And the reason it didn't happen is because, well, first of all, the shape of the procedural ocean was picked pretty randomly. There was some variation in the sine curve, and the material velocity would paint it, uh, I would say pretty randomly. It was kind of based on some intuition, but it was not physically exact. And, you know, with a physically based solvers, if you're not feeding in the physically correct input, you can't expect a physically, uh, plausible output. And of course we could have probably, uh, uh, had, uh, have our artists working on some more, try to, try to fix those velocities to, to make them more, more plausible, so the meshing is better. But it was not practical because we had nearly 400 shots, uh, in the movie with, with canoes on water, so we had to look for a more, um, more principal solution, uh, to that problem. So we went ahead and did some research. Uh, we found that actually an equation describing a motion of a, of a wave train on the ocean, uh, Stokes, uh, figured it out long time ago. Uh, so we basically took that, uh, took that equation, called Stokes wave, uh, Stokes wave train, it has a closed form, uh, expression for it. And if we use that to enforce the, uh, the boundary condition, we get a perfect match between simulation and, uh, procedural animation. Uh, now of course a single Stokes wave is not that interesting. Uh, typically you would like to see something like a deep water spectrum like Tessledorf waves. And, um, all those techniques look really fancy on the, on the outside, there are free transforms involved, but if you look closer, all of those are really just the sum of Stokes waves. So, right out of the box, who are able to get a perfect match between a procedural, uh, deep water spectrum and a simulated result. Uh, one thing I'd like to point out is that if you do want to use a, say, Tessledorf spectrum to, uh, to create a simulation such as that, you need to do extra work for, uh, for computing the velocities and the volume of the fluid. So like I said, um, there is a Fourier transform involved, uh, but you don't want to keep doing the Fourier transform on every single level, um, of your grid because it gets too expensive. Uh, and, uh, you know, the velocity actually decays, uh, downward into the volume of the fluid and has different exponential decal or for different harmonics. So you do have to do Fourier transform multiple times. But it turns out you can do it, you can, uh, take a discrete approach. You can compute, do the Fourier transform and compute those velocities on a few discrete levels, like a zero level and minus one meter and maybe minus two meters, and linear interplay between them. That's not an exact solution, but we found work pretty good in practice. Now, let's see how the whole boat wake pipeline works. We start with the canoe on, on the water which we get from layout department. So the water here is procedural, it's not interacting with the boat and the goal is to create a, a wake. We erode the surface around the boat creating that pool and also I'd like to point out that we actually filter out the high frequency detail because there is no hope of representing those in a simulation if your grid resolution is not really high. And later on we will apply those high frequencies of displacement at final render. Then we compute the material velocity field just like I described before for, for some of Stokes waves. And finally we get results. So if you look closely you can see there's a pretty perfect match between the simulation and the procedural waves on the right, uh, from the boat. On the left you get a little bit of scrappancy and that's related to the boat actually being present in the sim because you know we, we constructed the whole method in the assumption the boat is not there and Tesla north waves are also constructing this option that are no collision objects. So as long as, as soon as you put something in there it's gonna disrupt the surface. So you don't, you can't expect a perfect match but still it's, it's pretty close and we could use a simple, simple blending technique to get rid of that mismatch at, uh, at the mashing stage. Then we would run a white water pass and produce the final render. And here is, uh, just a couple more shots from the movie. Showing how the method works. Alright, so sort of like an extra thing I want to talk about, since we kind of got on the whole, uh, Stokes wave, uh, topic, we were actually really curious to know what happens when the, when the Stokes waves actually reach the, uh, shallow waters and how exactly, and can we actually simulate a breaking wave? Can we simulate a breaking, uh, uh, breaking barrel? So like I said before, uh, if you, uh, if you specify the, the material velocity correctly, uh, you can produce a traveling Stokes wave here in particular, we actually are sitting in the frame of reference of a Stokes wave. And the boundary conditions are specified exactly as why we're able to recreate the Stokes wave exactly. Now, there is a, uh, a parameter, uh, of a Stokes wave called steepness, uh, which sort of determines the character of the wave. It's, it's pretty kind of self-explanatory if you look at this. Uh, the steeper you make the wave, the more PQ it becomes. Uh, the dots here represent just a particle we had vector, uh, using the exact form for the Stokes wave expression. And you can see that beyond certain steepness, uh, the particles go crazy. And what happens there is the actual mathematical solution is not well defined. Uh, it blows up, becomes unstable. Uh, so that's, that's the limit on the plausible waves that you can have. Basically if the wave goes beyond that limit, it's gonna, it's gonna, so we utilize that to create breaking waves. So we'll start with a traveling wave as I showed before, uh, with an, with an infinite amount of water below it. Uh, so that would, that was, that's what was defined the boundary conditions. And we swap those boundary conditions for the ones that correspond to the shallow water. And if you do that, uh, the steepness of the wave has actually, that's the steepness constraint. So that kind of wave is not allowed in the shallow water. It's too high to, to keep traveling. So if you're on the same with that boundary condition, it's actually gonna overturn and break. So that's a 2D illustration. We can do the same thing in 3D. And we can actually vary the parameters. We can vary the boundary condition along the wave. So we can make it break from one side. Integrated into one of the shots in the movie. Alright, so to summarize, we introduced this flux-animated boundary method, uh, which we found to be really artist-friendly, artist-found really intuitive. Uh, on one hand, we didn't really, uh, invent the concept because it was present in allarian solvers before, but we did figure out a way how to integrate into existing flip solvers, uh, including efficient particle receding. And we also provided, um, several practical flux-animated boundaries, such as the Stokes waves, including breaking waves. And that's it. Thank you. Thank you for the talk. Please come up to the microphones if you have any questions. I will start. So for the, uh, the work behind the boats, uh, you talked about how there might be some reflections coming, going out. Uh, I imagine if, if it's far enough away, it's not a big deal. You can handle it all with blending and damping. Uh, but if it gets too close, uh, you might get these impossible to ignore reflections. Uh, what did, when your opinion, what, what is like the right heuristic for how much, based on the simulation and how much space you need and things like this? That's a good question. So I think like for, uh, for our Sims, we kind of eyeballed it. We looked at how, uh, how far the really weight plane goes and try to be, to make the domain big enough so that, uh, uh, so discrepancy is not, is not too big. Also the other thing that we did, we actually, um, uh, so that, that cavity in the water, it had shallower depth on the boundaries and we used extra damping to, uh, to facilitate that blending, even at the simulation stage. So we would actually dampen velocities to the ones with the procedural water to get rid of the mismatch. Drawing those curves around it. Are those curves controlling the, uh, the, uh, FAB or are they controlling the, uh, material velocity field? So the, uh, flux animated boundary is a combination of two things, right? It's, uh, it's, um, it's a shape and the, the real flow field. So the shape was that shape that was, that we got from the animation department, that wave kind of sticking out of the water, right? And then the flow curves represent the material velocity. So they would describe how the material would move with respect to the shape. They were mostly tangential, so, you know, the water would not splash outside the object too much, but, uh, the curves represented the material flow. I have a follow-up question. I, I know at the game presentation you said it was different from a velocity field, but in that particular example, how are those curves different from a velocity field, uh, uh, control? I think what was done, uh, the, the artist who did it, he actually, uh, took tangents of those curves and then rasterized them into like a VDB volume, and, and that was a material velocity field. Thank you. Okay. Uh, thank you again for the talk. This is the end of the session. The authors should be up front.