Marcus Contos and he will bring us to the dark side of physics With a talk that has a title a hybrid cavity transmitting Magnon Haloscope for dark matter detection. Please go ahead Okay, thank you. Thank you This works. Yeah Thank you very much for the invitation in this marvelous place. First of all, it's really organizers and I'm really happy to be here in person Be able to discuss in real life with everyone and so so today I will talk about some thing related to quantum microwaves, but Not well where we use condensed matter to try to build something to detect the cosmological objects and so This work has been done by my PhD student Arnautérie and postdoc William Legrand and with the collaboration with Matthew Delbeck and on the theory side We benefit from the long-standing Long-standing collaboration with Audrey Coté Okay, and so, okay, this is actually a singlet state, but the microscopic one from from like a recent Like attempt to convey more of quantum physics into the society Okay, so but this is not what I want to talk to you about today So, well, so the the idea is really to use quantum microwaves Like all the techniques which we have learned from quantum microwaves to probe cosmological objects Because in fact, there are many good reasons so with quotes for the existence of dark matter in the universe in fact if like this is like the content of Estimated matter energy in the universe and it turns out that we Like the we we think that we actually know only a very tiny amount Of we understand a very very small amount of the whole a matter energy content in the universe So this is so there is let's say essentially 5% of ordinary matter 26 roughly 26% of dark matter and the rest of dark energy and and so I'm gonna focus on dark matter and essentially the idea is that the dark matter Would have if it exists the non-zero density In all the galactic hello, so in in a milky way in our at our location But would be extremely weakly interacting with light and normal and normal matter and So the idea is to use the techniques for microwave Amplification to probe this invisible dark matter And I'm gonna focus in one specific class of dark matter models, which are called action models Okay so Okay, good Okay, so the the action Like particles have emerged in the high energy physics Context it was first proposed by Pacheon Quinn in at the end of the 1970s to solve The strong what is called a strong CP problem of the steering model Which is one term in the Lagrangian of the steering model, which is like the unsuccessful let's say term and which actually it apperently non-zero but It's since it would give an electric dipole to the neutron if it would exist and that electric dipole of the neutron is severely constrained to be Experimentally to be zero We should like Then there was a question of what was wrong and one solution which is now I mean Which I would be brought to by Pacheon Quinn and serve and further worked out by Weinberg and Vilcek is that you have a you could like this could arise from let's say a Symmetry breaking in the early universe, which would create a new Particle field, which is called the action which would be the Neville-Golson boson of this symmetry breaking and Which would essentially? explain why I mean There is this kind of term arising But in a dynamic dynamical fashion and so the idea is that the So the quantum chromodynamics Like essentially tilt this this makes it can have potential and and and give a finite mass to this To this excitation And so the action would be the mode of like the angular mode here, which goes into some place So so the the QCD tells you Like that it should be in fact so although the constraints are not very The bounds are not very hard Somewhere in the micro election vote range So hence in a in a microwave range between roughly one gigahertz and hundreds of gigahertz and so this is why I mean You can be willing to try to detect this one these these objects with microwave fields But it's Also very weakly coupled to ordinary matter or into a light and this is why such a class of Particles of fields are very good candidates for a dark matter one of the reasons Okay, and so one of the main consequence of the possible existence of the action field is that it should modify By a tiny bit of the Maxwell's equations, so it should essentially appear as a new term in the Hamiltonian of the electromagnetic field which will have this form. So it's a magnitude electric term and so Which is modulating in time? So there is the like this is the coupling strength here That's the amplitude of the of the action field and this is here the mass of the action Which should be as I told you somewhere between One gigahertz and hundreds of gigahertz, but it can be actually even lower on the RF side and higher towards the terahertz side and so this is this there are other couplings which are possible to a two fermions so they use so so they also can couple two fermions, but this is The term which is the last model dependent But then in order to still you need to do some models to actually estimate this coupling strength And it's actually a very small coupling strength So these are the two let's say like mainly used Like kind of model which which estimate this guy. So actually if you plug in numbers for like Like in the perspective of doing these experiments in microwave cavities In fact this would correspond to a shift in frequency in a Hamiltonian of around 10 to the minus 11 Hertz So you're like you're starting with something which will be having a frequency of 10 to the 9 and you want to detect something Which is 10 to minus 11 so you have 20 orders of magnitude. So that's kind of a challenging, right? So so so so now the question is how to detect such a small correction to Maxwell's equation okay, and so and so this was Okay, the priori almost a philosophical let's say question since it's extremely small like the coupling and then PRCQV the 1980s came up with a solution so this actually this E dot B term I mean is kind of Linked to this kind of triangular like Processes which are linked to the chiral anomaly and And so the idea is that if there is an action arriving and And they in the constant magnetic field in time. So this magneto electric term yields a coupling to photons in particular if the photons are The photons of a single mode of electromagnetic field that which is trapped into for example a microwave cavity So in fact PRCQV said okay Like if you now Want to detect this this this object so you need to place the whole cavity into a constant magnetic field and And if you're able to measure Very accurately the microwave power coming out of this microwave cavity you will be able to detect the presence of this term okay, but this is a Needle in a haystack problem because you don't know where the the action is right and this is a very favorable signal So in order to establish a common cavity I think it's interesting to see exactly how this comes about just to see what are the constraints and And it's it's nice to to come back. I mean to the original problem where you have here This is this extra term in Hamilton in which you want to detect That's the cavity mode here And this is the bath and you can quantize the electric field here So this is of course exactly like it's security did not do those things in this language But this is of course very completely equivalent And essentially if you write down the equation of motion of the field of the cavity And now you have the kappa here, which is connected to the bath and what you see here is that the Coupling to the action is actually happened like a showing up as a driving term of the cavity and so if you go now in the rotating frame what you see is that Essentially this means that the actions if they exist they indeed Contribute but this is a coherent term right that's that's really important. This is not Just this is more than just a power this is they contribute to the amplitude of the field with this With an amplitude which is proportional to the magnetic field. So you need a priori large magnetic fields and With this very tiny coupling strength and of course This now is a very is mostly efficient when the action mass is resonant with the action cavity So now you understand the problem is that of course as you could expect from the beginning is that if now this This guy you don't know the frequency of this guy This guy essentially if you want to optimize the cavity and your measurement setup This has to be fixed or weakly tunable. And so and so since you don't know I mean where this will be essentially you have to do many attempts and essentially you will exclude the different Thin lines in the phase diagram of coupling and mass and and this this is a Very complicated in principle And now since you want to if you want to measure power now you want to measure a dagger a and then since now you pay I mean the the price that this is this is squared So so you gain because this is b squared, but this is squared here. So that's that's again. I mean Further challenge Okay, okay, nevertheless Especially since the advance of quantum limited Microwave detection techniques, there are many people who have done a very important contributions to the to this field so so they're like This is the like some kind of the the coupling The coupling mass map in yellow here, this is That the region where QC the QCD actions would exist and here now you have these thin lines which Are actually wider than the actual their actual line with in real life And is there any graph so there is the haystack experiment And there is the quacks experiment also and so there is also very important Collaboration ADMX where at lower frequencies you could they could have to some tune ability But I think this is these are many different experimental results concatenate it and so and so they So you see this is exactly what I told us that you you you can exclude thin lines In this phase diagram, so it's a priori difficult to reach the cosmologically relevant level because this is these are tiny coupling strengths and and and Nevertheless, I mean there are many people now working on this More than the ADMX haystack quacks. I mean other also which Like I haven't cited and essentially the idea is that to use quantum resources to To go further or to speed up these kind of measurements and to go further down So for example in this haystack paper here, they used a squeeze the less states This is this paper published in nature last year Okay, but we'd like to try to avoid I mean to build a new let because this this is even with the resources of Like squeeze say they seem still extremely challenging to to cover Like a sizable part of this of this dagger of this map So we wanted to to find a different to follow a different path and this different path is actually like a very simple idea is that what if now I replace the be here by a Field which is oscillating in time with a tunable frequency so this this in fact Like in microwave engineering people know very well how to do this for passive soldiers for example the user for magnetic resonance And so the idea is to do exactly the same thing So which means that we will replace Like this is the be so the be can come from the magnetic mode now We will replace the static be by an oscillating be arising from a magnetic mode So for example in the for magnetic insulators these magnetic modes can be very well defined in frequency And so and so now the question now you replace this condition of resonance between the cavity and And the action by a three now Frequency Condition where essentially now the magnetic resonance you can just you need by just The Larmore let's say precession of this magnetization around the static magnetic field So you can continuously now in the same experiment in principle Do that? Okay And so of course now I mean I have to show you that we can actually implement this kind of stuff in an actual experimenter and So the here is how it looks like him. So we chose to work out to work with not a fair magnetic material Although we did some tests with the firm with her magnetic materials, but within that an anti for magnetic crystal So there are some advantages of using an entire for a magnetic crystal because it has no net magnetization and so this actually Like we took inspiration from this work by Everett's So this is a 3d microwave cavity. This is called a loop gap cavity. You have two kind of pillars here This is a like centimetric scale. So this is a cubic Crystal of 5 by 5 mil of 5 millimeters side and in fact since Well, I mean we like we have seen this week but I mean this this is kind of something which is now well established in Quantum amplification you need some on harmonicity to to amplify Tiny microwave signal so so we need to put some some twinkle of an harmonicity and We would like to put in on so we so the like the obvious candidate is a superconducting circuit But we want to have something which will be magnetic field resilient So this is why to keep taking inspiration from the cultural folks We opted for a granular aluminum Transmon qubit, so here this is the granular aluminum bridge here and Here these are niobium Electrodes, so we use a two angle evaporation and so on and so the two in order to make this this kind of bridge and So this is what hopefully Will give Rives to on harmonicity So essentially the magnetic resonance of this entire ferment if everything works fine I will provide the the tunability with the magnetic field and the unharmonicity of the granular aluminum transfer Will give a resource for essentially photon-to-frequency conversion okay, and so Okay, let's first see what the granular aluminum transmon Gives that like as like unharmonicity. So this is a single-ton spectroscopy of the cavity plus transmon system, sorry so um So yeah, sorry, so this is the the resonance of what these kind of Loop gap cavities have two modes. So there is one at six point eight and one at seven point four So this is the six point eight modem and what you see is that indeed you have the characteristic let's say a Duffing oscillator Line shape for the transmission when you when you drive the cavity with a large power So this is of course there is this is the power at room temperature with this is of course strongly attenuated and If now I look at the at the trend at the like the resonance of the superconducting circuit So this is at the lowest power This is this so there is a much lower transmission because it's you see strongly detuned from the cavity And what you see is that you also have the characteristic unharmonic oscillator Line shape when you put a large power At the at the at the fridge. Yeah, so this allows us to calibrate essentially the transmon and harmonistic It's a weak and a weakly unharmonic oscillator essentially So it's 180 kilohertz and this since we are strongly detuned that leads to a small Care to do for the cavity of around 70 Hertz Okay, so now in order to further characterize the transmon we can now go into the time domain measurement and so and and try to explore The magnetic field resilience of the of the of the of the qubit So this is at your magnetic field And this is the rabbi like a drive of the qubit so you see this is the now you are Like at this at the frequency I was showing you on the left your graph as a function of time and what you see that you have rabbi like oscillations and So it's kind of a truncated Chevron patron so you see it's you would expect something which goes down and in fact this is kind of So I we don't have many examples so the only example I know is Recent work in graphene transmons which look like a bit like that So so we think this is because of the weak and harmonicity and so these rabbi like manipulation So also has a kind of a different Amplitude versus rabbi frequency dependence, so we maybe see the like the two-third power law which was actually like Investigating this paper by the grown-up folks So we maybe see the two-third power row indicating that we really in a weakly and harmonic oscillator And what we see is that something which is interesting so we could push it further, but we like It's still under I mean Like under measurement so essentially we can go up to like a 90 milli tesla to do To see how this guy changes So now I mean I anticipate this is this is Actually, we don't see the the same T ones here because in this setup The cavity modes were closer because we had incorporated the magnetic crystal and so these changes The frequency of the most because these magnetic crystals has a large epsilon. So nevertheless we cannot draw like do some rabbi drive to Quite like a rather decent magnetic field for a transmon qubit and And also considering that this was out of plain magnetic field okay, and the T1 like a change from here to there is completely consistent with a Brussell effect from the cavity mode Okay So we can do also Ramsey interferometry to further characterize the the ground aluminum transmon and and see Indeed that we see the AC start shift from a rising directly from the qubit and homonicity. So now we do the Ramsey Like a sequence as a function of the power It's a third tone on the on the on the system, which is directly on to the cavity mode And so this is exactly what you would expect. I mean a qualitatively from like the effect of the of the drive I mean of the cavity to the to the transmon okay Okay, so now let's now turn to the magnetic part of the of the detector and and Let's see the magnetic crystal. So this is what you will expect from the phase diagram of the gadolin vanadate crystal So we would like to focus on the the entire for a magnetic regime With these two lines that which are the two sub lattice is of the interferometer magnet which start at around 34 gigahertz There is one sub lattice which is Going down and this is the one which we will be mainly coupled to and one sub lattice which is going up in frequency and and so and so this is Like the the main region where we would like to to look at the system and the near temperature of this of this Entire for a magnet around 2.5 Kelvin is explained. Why is this exchange interactions also a small and it's interesting for microwave Detection techniques because now you see that you can cover essentially a span of 68 gigahertz roughly With these two lines if you're able to address this line. So which is a potentially a very wide band detection Okay, so when we put everything together Here is how the the transmit the map of the transmission of the detect the texture looks like So you have the mode one here Which like goes down in magnetic field, this is the mode to her here. This is the So of course, it's so that the granular aluminum trend transform transition Which you actually faintly see up to like a roughly 400 milli tesla and and this is the magnetic mode Going down very fast and this is completely consistent with with the line going down And starting at roughly 35 gigahertz and going down with the slope of g-factor equal to So what you see that you have a very strong hybridization. This is normally because you have a microscopic Magnetic material with the mode one And so in fact, it's so strong that actually you really find the most but if so like the avoided crossing like Well, it cannot like have the same meaning as the like the well, okay it has the same meaning but it's like It's you see that you have like like a region where you completely lose the transmission and and that's on so then this the body crossing implies Like the ultrasound coupling to mode one, which the coupling strength of around one gigahertz Okay, and So now what we would like to do is to really show that we can follow because we want to have a wide band detector on a on a wide Frequency range the Magnetic mode and so this is what we did by doing two tones spectroscopy And so this is a cut this is now the phase of the microwave signal at the cavity of the mode one frequency as a function of the of the Frequency of a second tone, which is Actually added to this to this first tone and Since we have now on harmonicity We actually engineer an interaction in principle between the magnetic mode and the cavity mode And this is and this results in a frequency shift of the cavity mode as you drive I mean the magnetic resonance As you see here and this is exactly this manifest itself as this deeper in The phase and this allows you so exactly the same spirit as what you showed this morning to follow I mean so there are many magnetic transitions But we we we followed for example this green one here and you see that you can span essentially on the on the band the width of about 10 gigahertz Which is and so between and you see this works up to essentially like roughly one Tesla And so so you we can actually indeed follow Thanks to this and harmonicity the the coupling To the on the magnetic mode to the the interaction of the magnetic mode with the cavity mode and this Is actually like the prerequisite that we wanted to have to have a broadband detector Okay, so let's see how I mean this 7 like this 7.5 till 17.5 gigahertz or how it would look like at least in a horizontal Axis because we we don't know yet. I mean where we can go I mean how far we can go close to the to the yellow like in the in the coupling strength So This is under development and this is what it would look like So you would see that the this opens the the possibility to have a very broad band. I mean you see a detection Let's say Window and so and so following this kind of magnetic mode So there are many others so we can in principle extend further But it's the green magnetic mode for example will allow us to to to have a very large window of detection To enhance substantially the mass scanning window and so the first detection run is is on the way Okay, so but my time is over and so So I have demonstrated a hybrid transmit magnet photon system And so the anharmonicity plus the ultra strong coupling of the Magnetic mode to the cavity modes provides a in principle a large scanning range And maybe this is a new setup for detection of dark matter in a laboratory experiment. Thank you for your attention Thank you, Takis for the very clear talk any questions so for What do you need to do to be able to go down to the yellow region? I mean is it how long you measure? Yeah, and and and it's also it depends so in our detection schema. We use a Coherent field so we have to to put a large coherent fill in a cavity to essentially use this mixing between the two modes so in principle In principle, you just need to go further down to have a larger Coherent field But then of course if you put a too large coherent fill in a cavity at some point There will be other Unharmonic terms which will show up and so this is what we still don't know yet. I mean how far we can go This is why I mean we are still like tuning I mean the the setup to see how far we can go But in principle you just need to put a large coherent field and then since we detect the phase We just you know, this is like a ruler, right?  You're so it's the same right or not Yeah, it's the same but here since you want to detect that so it depends if you measure power You you have to wait for a long enough time if you measure coherently like we do here you need to measure faster than the The coherence like the than the coherence time of the of the action in the in the earth Frame and so this is sometimes some somewhere in the millisecond range, so we need to measure faster than this Thanks for the very nice talk actually we have two questions if I may So first about the anti-ferromagnet Stuff as far as I recall my solid state class is an anti-ferromagnet you have up and down domains But on very short length care while given the frequency I guess that the actionic field has pretty large wavelength So, I mean I guess there's something I don't get but naively seems like the M in your equation the magnetization would be somehow zero as seen from the from the actionic field, so what's the What is it? Yeah, I am missing you so no no this for the static part. You're perfectly, right? But when you start to to excite the the magnetic modes It's essentially you have to make as if you would have two magnetic resonances There is one sub lattice, which will have a long wavelength motion and yeah It's like a spin wave exactly. Yeah, exactly. Exactly. Yeah, and other question along the same line could you replace your Transmount induced an harmonicity on the cavity by an anharmonic a Ferromagnet or anti-ferromagnet like yeah, so thank you for it. So we actually at the beginning we were a bit Like to like we wanted to do that and it turns out that so from a nice from magnetic anisotropy in principle You also have a harmonicity which shows up but this so and this has been measured in the magnetics In fact, but this is merely hurts even at the best. So this is extremely weak. It is much weaker Than than what you can get with a superconducting circuit. Okay. Thanks Yeah, thanks for the interesting talk I had the same question regarding the magnetization and I was asking Did you think about so there are certain ways to create squeezed Magnons and for example in anti-ferromagnet? You have a two-mode squeezed state as you Might this be useful to and sometimes, you know squeeze squeezing helps to enhance the detection Efficiency or something like this. Did you think about this and in this context? Thank you, we haven't thought about it, but since you see now we turn The the magnets they become unharmonic now because they interact you see there is an interaction term with a cavity and then in fact If you should they will also be unharmonic because you really find a motor So in principle, you could also play these you could induce squeezing of this of these magnetic modes We haven't thought deeply about this, but it could be in an anti-ferromagnet The magnets are automatically squeezed without any Externally squeezed in the ground state or the ground state is actually a two-mode squeezed state and the excitations are also special So we haven't thought about it. Yeah, but we haven't thought about it without any external I see it. I see it. Okay. We thought that you have an external source of okay. I think they You're a question here. Okay, so I think we finish and you can discuss everything with Tuck is later Then we continue


What's good Josh your boy Ross back here again with another video. So we're going to check out 10 best ways wrestlers responded to crowd signs.  And that's where it's always been in wrestling. Guys remember back in the attitude era. All you saw was a sea full of signs everywhere. And this is kind of what it is. What's what wrestling culture. It's all about. Now, of course, over the years they've toned down on it.  And a lot of times you don't really see as many signs as you used to. But there are some moments where people are able to sneak in a sign and it may try they may try to trigger a wrestler or a baseball troll them. So we're going to check out this video basically seeing how the wrestlers responded to these probably unsavory signs. So appreciate all the love and support. Road to 60 K. But before we get started to this video, I got a special announcement for you guys. Yo, have you guys heard of a free to play fantasy RPG game on iOS, Android and PC? 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Once again, thanks to Rage Shadow Legends for sponsoring this video. Let's get right back into the reaction. Alright y'all, let's check this out man and see what some wrestlers had to deal with with some of these signs that they saw and how did they deal with it. As they once were when it comes to the world of wrestling, if you go back to the attitude era, or you see signs, it's like bits of cardboard have taken over the human race and everybody else is dead. You still do get some really cool ones though and I always appreciate when people bring an ups and downs sign that absolutely blows my brain and do not forget when you write something down on a piece of paper, the wrestlers themselves often see it. My name is Simon Miller, welcome to what culture wrestling and in this is the 10 best ways wrestlers reacted to real actual signs. Number 10 Chris Jericho and Hogan is a Jedi. We go all the way back to 2002 with this one and of course we're talking about Chris Jericho who not only saw this sign in the crowd, but when you know what I'm going to do, I'm going to reference it in a promo layer. Of course around about this time is when Star Wars Episode 2 Attack of the Clones came out and I don't want to talk about that because I'd like to remain happy today. Chris meant yes, a bunch of fans were like oh I love Star Wars, it's the best thing ever, why don't I combine it with wrestling.  This fan must have had a time of his life as well because later on when they were having a fight, Hulk Hogan found him and allowed him to slap Chris Jericho right around the face.  But I'm John Cena and if Cena wins, we riot. One of the best signs in WWE history that ironically came at the ECW One Night Stand event in 2006. When I saw that sign I was like yeah, I actually believed they would have rioted at that time period. Oh yeah, those fans were, whew, nah, they were anti John Cena to the max man. This crowd was so amped up for extreme championship wrestling and they hated John Cena so much they let their thoughts known with a sign. This of course as well was in response to the fact that we were getting John Cena vs Rob Van Damme for the WWE title and nobody in this building on this night wanted to see Johnny Boy win. They were like oh my gosh, what if he does? What's a good way to try and push WWE in a corner? Yup, the infamous if John Cena wins, we riot and I believed him. I believed him at that time. They was going to destroy that show. I just believed it. Obviously I doubt this would have happened and WWE handled the whole thing perfectly anyway. But go back and watch how John Cena responds and reacts to this. It is absolutely brilliant. He is lapping this up. He loves the fact that he gets to be a pseudo heel on this evening.   Honestly, I tell ya, this is a great reminder while wrestling rocks. Number eight, Randy Orton and another headlock Randy. That's funny, another headlock Randy, jeez, that's funny. Otherwise you're going to die, but you know our fans are like they have big voices and they should always be allowed to voice them. So somebody brought this sign which was essentially saying, Randy, stop doing the wrestles. This was happening a lot between 2003 and 2004, especially when the Viper was feuding with Rob Van Damme. And because Randy Orton is just, well, he was getting a club fuzzy, when he started to see these signs, he would glance at it and go, oh yeah, and he'd walk up to Rob Van Damme and he'd go, oh man, Randy, you're equally the best. There's actually people who have drinking games about this as well. Anytime Orton does put somebody in one of these holes, you take a drink. Now I think we're kind of messing around with Randy Orton as one of the best wrestlers. That sounds about right, man, because he loves his headlocks, man. Whatever, you do you. Number seven, Shawn Michaels and essentially the entirety of Canada. You all know the deal between Bret Hart and Shawn Michaels, I'm not going to get into it now because I think it's insulting your intelligence, but yes, throughout 1997 these two dudes were at each other's heads, which culminated in the Survivor Series, and we've talked about it to death. But both after this and before, because there was this hatred between the heartbreak kid and the hitman, all of Canadian, which is where Bret Hart was found, absolutely despised, Michaels. To the point, they would bring all of these signs, some of which had messages on them, which I refuse to say right now, and if you know one of the people that wrote these things down, what is wrong with you, this is obviously offensive. It didn't mean by the time it got to Montreal, the absolute... People legitimately, like legitimately despised Shawn Michaels from this incident, I mean despised him, hated him with every fiber of their being, so of course the signs were going to be pretty much wishing death upon the guy. The heat on Shawn's shoulders was ridiculous, and even when you sped forward to like 2005 and Shawn Michaels was still winding people up, you could look into the crowd, and that's right, there were signs that said, Shawn screwed Bret. Which by the way, number six, Brian Danielson, and get a 10, Brian. Brian Danielson is one of the best wrestlers of all time, I 100% mean this, and one of the reasons he's so good at it, aside from when he's in the ring, is the connection and the engagement he has with the fans, it's just effortless for him. We just love him. Back in December 2005 in Ring of Honor, when Brian was competing for the ROH title against Roderick Strong though, he happened to notice one sign in the crowd that said, Brian Danielson, why don't you get a 10? So essentially somebody was saying that he worked round enough. One of the reasons you should check this out though is because this person hadn't written this thing on cardboard, they had done it on like a clean and erased board. So Brian Danielson saw it, he walked over to it and thought, well that's a little bit insulting, so he took his hand and he rubbed the message off.  Number five, Daniel Brian, and yes, this sign is a waste of paper. Happening when Brian Danielson was now Daniel Brian in WWE and having that wonderful reign as the eco-warrior champion in 2018, some smart fan thought, well wait a minute, he wants us to save the world and here I am, scrolling some stuff down on a piece of paper which I shouldn't be doing, why don't I direct it at one Daniel Brian. So this was essentially mocking the fact that Brian was trying to save the world and when he clocked this as he was- Oh my, yes, this sign was wasted paper. That's funny, that's actually funny. Yeah, this sign definitely wasted paper Brian. How do you feel? Looking to the ring, my word, his reaction is great. He looks at this individual as if he wants to rip their head off. Yeah. The man is the best baby face and somehow he is also the best heel.  We are going back to the actual era and I couldn't believe this happened then and I still can't believe this happened now. But I- Just like I was saying man, attitude era was a different time especially when it came to bringing signs and stuff to the shows, different time. He in the crowd during a Monday night raw had a sign that said the words that I just had to say and I'm not going to say again because my parents may be watching. So Triple H then told her, well why don't you do what the sign says? Oh the woman whipped up her top and she showed off her breasts.  But look, for one reason or another, when I do watch it, I'm like man, I hope nobody walks in right now and says, oh what are you viewing this evening? Cause I'm going to look like a really, really, really weird man. Number three, Edge and Edge has tiger blood. Not every interaction between wrestler fan is a bad one and this one was so good and another reminder about why eventually we were like, oh my gosh, Edge, you're the best person ever because he could just tell so many stories with his face. But around about one month before he did have to retire he was making his way to the ring when he saw a sign in the crowd that said Edge has tiger blood which was a reference to something that Charlie Sheen had been talking about at the time and I don't want to be that guy but Charlie Sheen may have been high. The best part though is that when the real life Adam Copeland did clock this he just broke out into a massive smile and started to laugh and I remember it back then and I remember it now because I went and read one. That's funny.


I knew I had a feeling something was coming Did he say why he just said he's done all that he could do He's lived his dream Well, he's gonna make more money and that's for sure yeah HK zero zero zero thank you so much for the support two months in a row be one high be one Stop man. Everybody's showing some love in the chat. I'm scared to punk stuff now You're cheating. I just think it was flat. Yeah So sensitive thing though. I just I thought yeah Hair stood up on my neck. I was just like boy, okay, so this is an industrial zone, so I should be able to Get some of them now Ooh It's one of those power stations Time to get some nothing bolts I just got 43 You got a copper so hoody time to melt it down put it in the collection Time to melt it down wait that not Oh It's a truck carrying cars kill it Ain't there a thing to turn on like ping Show FPS, but I don't have this should be a thing to turn on ping like debug info or something Oh, I know you could turn off a lot of stuff on the hood. That's cool Did they just add that no, no, I don't remember being there. Huh player info player health Scorebar I Don't see anything. I want to turn off though Still I Just mean my head smaller. I don't see how to turn on ping take a break soon probably after this mission So I've skipped two of those alarms now. Oh That could be why I got the sound effect of volume way up That's much better There was an option for it, but it was removed and those enabled it before we stuck with it on So I can't I mean it's unreal.  I want to turn it on Because I want to have ping I still feel like there's some delay like I'm punching the car and it like it blows up like a second later See that So we got a we got a potato host or something It's like almost like 500 milliseconds later, why is this? Wow, that is really delayed Maybe I should have restarted like you did. Oh Oh There are Cakes on the map. I have got to get me some of these Lama Lama Lama Lama Lama Lama Lama Lama 30 minutes until he drops. What are you talking about? There's a net debug status under HUD Net debug status. I See action status. Oh Ragnarok Ragnarok is tomorrow. What's the MS under the FPS? I don't I don't know I Don't know what that is, but the debug menu. I'm looking at the debug stuff. I'm looking for is More information than that. Are you sure you saw a net debug? Status under HUD Because I have special eyes But I still don't see it.  I'm noticing my my Shooting is off. It's like a delay too. I have yet to find a chest man Got a crappy gun out of that. Okay. I Will find the chest if it's the last thing I do In this video game, I will check out that I can show you the world Wish I could look around Find your destiny. What's that? Oh, I'm in a stake. I may or may not have jumped off all this forgiven Let's awesome over here. I did I did saw a putty tat Don't move that thing was almost dead. Somebody almost blew it up. Can you hear me? Yeah, I was trying to get some of our okay, but Disconnected got quiet Make sure you didn't scare me man. There's a treasure chest up there. Whoa. No, man.  Yeah, what lava? Lava Oh Thanks for the follow appreciate it, dude. I'm looking for two more treasure chests Somewhere on this map. I Do believe if I circle back 300 times it would appear Yeah, you want to be up there? You want to be not the treasure chest? Hmm It's time for all this wood to be used to make a sky platform Monster on the world PC release. I'm not that excited man. I I played on ps4. That's probably why and I was underwhelmed But if I didn't have it on ps4, I'd probably be excited honestly But no one would I know now I'm not super excited I'm a I'm a killjoy when I told you man that I just hit a wall with that game. I'm trying not to ruin your your hype but Good god, man. See I was a new monster hunter player. That's probably why I didn't Maybe I didn't just I just didn't get it. I understand the hunt the hunt It's just all the things other than the hunt that that killed the game for me If I got to the point where I was just doing nothing but hunting like a lot of people got to I probably would enjoy it But I never got that far. I never beat the story man The footprints I was like, oh my gosh, I don't want to do this anymore. I actually said that out loud I think I was on a stream. I was like, I don't want to do this anymore. I Was like whoops. I said that out loud. I heard the performances. I mean I was watching some streams today Oh, that's a teleporter. That's what that does I was watching some streams today of some of the bigger streamers who I know have like ten thousand dollar computers Lyric and they were hovering between 60 and 80 FPS so I Know I'll have to drop like all the settings to get even remotely that amount of FPS Because they're they're rocking the Titans and you know, 1080 ti's and stuff like that and One is rocking just a normal 1080 with a crappy CPU and for what I've been hearing a game is it's got a lot of CPU stuff. So Oops So the game may look and play better, but I'm probably gonna have to drop settings if I were to play it on a PC Like I told you guys I would only play that my wife wanted to because that's a game I'd play with her, but she looked at and she was like Then look all that great to me, I don't want to put words in your mouth. I'm just paraphrasing Hello Hello Yeah, sorry This guy is talking is like really look because I use a lot of herbs So you're trying to trade for some more. Oh, oh I see nuts and bolts on the ground. That could only mean one thing See it ain't so. Oh, no All those whites and drops like the uh, you have a lot of I know uh, I know I only have two white weapons blue don't be racist Blue people have rights Can't even wait. I Can't even recycle these. Oh My goodness is so lag. I was hitting R and nothing was happening. Yeah, just drop the Ones that you can bottle rocket. Did you find any treasure chest? I found one. Okay Teleporters, that's what they do Yeah, they teleport you I got it. Let me go get this cake Yeah, you may need to restart if it's like that. No, I just missed the jump That's why I was like I guess I could stay I mean you guys have done all the work. I just got to wait it out all the work But definitely is like this was a good little setup. Yeah, I like it. It's really well done Thank you. It's like the drop to death setup. Oh that lovers Hole we got lots of lovers. Good God. Oh my goodness. I did just spawn a whole wave of them. We've been need to do this Nope There we go. We'll do that instead Let's break out some of the much more faster fire rate the hydro hydro was Missing quite a bit of those I dropped the loot llama by accident In the middle of the storm No, you just didn't I've done that many a time. It's walls out They want that out your traps are gone Yep Thanks for the whole struggle Queen appreciate it. What's up playing process man? Welcome. How are you doing today, sir? All right, I'm gonna take a break and I'm gonna switch games. I'm gonna switch over the warframe now It's been four hours Thanks for the help. See you later chat. You're welcome. Yep


Everything must be digitized. Everything must be quicker and more efficient. But is it then still just and good? And is it what we actually want? Or do we just have a machine which decides above our heads?  And so they are really well qualified for this topic. Big round of applause for them. Hi, I'm happy that you're here, and so that's so many of you are here. Introductory round. It wasn't planned, but I want to introduce you.  And she is looking a lot into digitalization and migration, management or control in Germany. And if we know anything about Germany in this or in other countries, this is really something that's really to Anna that we know stuff about that, because she really looked into that. So why am I on stage, actually? I work for the group for freedom rights, and we are an NGO, an organization. And we work for the protection of human rights, usually by going to court. And what we want to achieve is that in certain areas of topics, there are no one goes to courts. You have stuff that goes against the constitution, but no one does anything against that by law or on court. And so we want to stuff this whole and have a more clear look on this. And about migration control, we have two areas where this is the case that no one looks into that.  So they have very different problems in their day-to-day life than just going to court. So it's very hard for them. And other sites we have digitalization, which also is for many people technically not understandable what it's about. And like informational freedom is very hard to understand. And so it's important that we have more control by courts over that. And so Anna and I came together about this topic because she, so because Anna works on this topic for a long time, and we do it from a legal perspective and want to see how we can work in this area. I'll go into that deeper later, so just for introduction. Well, and before we start what we do, I want to see, let's see how is digitalization actually, well, what is it doing to refuge and to seeking refuge and to having to flee. Because digitalization is used for like translation, or helping translation, it's also used for giving people information about how it's on the, well, middle, see. On how your Facebook groups will people exchange information about like laws in countries they are, or they are going, moving to also so when you're still as home before they have to flee and also as soon as they enter the new country. And a lot, many refugees have smartphones with them. So someone asks some group, some group asks refugees in Berlin in 2017 and 87% of people who came from Syria to Berlin had a smartphone with them and used it. And 88 had a smartphone after their flight and used it, especially to do things which make their day to day life even possible in the new country. So this is one side of the coin. So it's technology which helps people to arrive, to find their way around. But of course that produces a lot of data. And maybe you know the saying. So if you have food, there will be pigs coming to it. And so also ministries and state bodies are interested in those data. So they can see what happened during the flight, where do people, which routes do people use, what kind of person is this, how do they work with others. So they can analyze single people and they can also, but they can also monitor flight and people who have to flee their homes in a bigger context. And we can, we're of the opinion that Germany is a good example of what happens if ministries which are responsive for those kinds of migration look into these technologies and do a lot of digitalization. So now there's the German Ministry of Migration. And so they made a video about that. And we'll just show that video to tell you what they think about migration. So it says the IT labor of the migration and refugee ministry. So you see there's everything in it. Hi, in our IT laboratory of the Ministry of Migration. This is the place where we implement our digitalization agenda 2020. So we made a lot of, we faced a lot of digital and organizational problems. We make agile software development. So please follow me. So this is the most important room where the developers are right. You have the, okay.  So you, here you see a database schematic. This is the multimedia presentation room where you have results of developments and the superb results of our work is presented. One of the most greatest factor of our management style powered by Scrum is that we have a place for creative problems solving. So you have three rooms for this. And it's a great influence on our digitalization agenda 2020. So that will be a success. Okay, that was really horrible. Sorry for that. But then the German was also pretty weird. Okay, so we see there's a lot of motivation by this ministry. The following topics won't be as funny because now we're going into, that we dive into the topics we looked at. So first thing, data on mobile phones. So we looked into this together. So how do they, well, use data from smartphones of refugees. So the context is that in 2015 you had more refugees coming to Germany and there have been a lot of changes to the law in the asylum area of the law and so making asylum seeking much more difficult and making people, forced people to leave the country again. So there was a name for that law and this was in 2015 and they also changed the law that the ministry for migration is allowed to read out mobile phones. Okay, so asylum seekers are, so have to, Foreigners shall be personally obliged to cooperate in clarifying the facts of the case. So if you don't have like a passport and stuff like that, they are, well, they are allowed to read your devices like smartphones or other stuff. So you do have a lot of asylum seekers or refugees arriving in Germany without papers. It's more than 50%. So there are a lot of reasons for that. But partially it has to do with some countries it's not very usual to actually have a passport. Some passports are just not accepted. So the Ministry of Interior together with the Ministry of Migration, they just judge some passes as not allowable. For example, like Somalia, they don't accept passports from Nigeria. So the Banff, which is the Ministry of Migration, so it has this legal basis and so if you don't have this passport, they can check it and if they say it's not a valid passport, they are allowed to use your devices. So this can also be transferred to another body of, well, to another body of the state if it's necessary for some reasons. Okay, so you have a lot of reasons again for there's no passport, it's not a digital passport, whatever, so whatever reasons they find. After the Gesetzes für Freirechte, the Society for Freedom Rights, we have talked about the compatibility of this law with the Constitution. We talked to lawyers and various organizations and this was known before it was passed, but it was still passed. We are of the opinion that it is against or it is not compatible with the Constitution. This means that you have to go through all of the court instances up until the Constitutional Court in Germany and then you have to wait several years for the Constitutional Court to say that this was illegal. And this is usually too late. So this is why we decided that we need a strategic lawsuit. We want to bring this to court. This is why we joined forces to make it clear that these infringements on personal rights and basic rights and also the incompatibility with the Constitution become clear. So now about the process. So if you go to BAMF, which is the Federal Office for Refugees and Migration, and you can present a passport, a set of a raw data set is read out from your phone. There is a special software which analyzes this data. There are some components that are supposed to give information about where you come from and what nationality you are. And then there is a result which is then saved in a digital data storage. And this data can then only be used once it has been cleared by a lawyer. And there are several indicators that are looked at. Area codes for calls, incoming calls, outgoing calls, messages. The country codes of URLs opened in browsers, localization data in apps and photographs. Languages used in messages and for Arabic even the dialect. Usernames and emails used for authentication in apps. For example, the name you use for dating apps or Facebook. The results are then saved and can only be used once they have been cleared. The person deciding on your asylum case sees the following. So maps and charts on languages used, probabilities. So from a legal point of view, we have to say that the goal or interest stemming from migration policies is not enough to warrant this kind of infringement on personal data rights. So the integrity and confidentiality of technical systems are... And this relates to all kinds of data on computer systems and mobile phones. And infringement on that has been declared as very important and protected by a high court. And may only be infringed upon if there is a concrete danger for life or... So if there are some dangerous, some huge dangers, it's allowed to infringe upon these rights, but not just for the purpose of policies and interests behind migration politics. And the logic behind this was that there are many people coming to Germany who can't present passports. So they will probably say that they are coming from another country than they are actually coming from in order to gain asylum. And also because you can deport people if people don't have a passport. And the data that we have is actually the opposite. We will talk about this later. So basically just infringing upon these informational rights for accessing data on mobile phones is already illegal in my opinion. So now we need to talk about commensurability of these measures. And every measure used by authorities needs to sort of balance all aspects that relate or regarding a certain action. The first argument is that this is a measure without cause and sweeping, broad scale. There is no individual decision based on the person, but everybody who does not present a passport is subjected to this measure. And this is dangerous, says the Constitutional Court. So basically it's impossible without cause or illegal. So indicators that are analyzed here don't make a lot of sense. It's the second problem. So this is about identity, nationality and where people come from. So if you want to find this out, you need to think about these indicators and wonder whether it's actually possible to prove where people come from. Everybody is fled from a war-torn country. Who are they in contact with during the lifespan of their phone? There will be a lot of area codes of the country of origin, country where they went, countries where relatives live. And the information of value of the area code of this indicator is not very good. Another example is the languages used or the language used. And how much this indicator says. So BAMF says that they can determine the language used and for Arabic this even includes the dialect used. So in general it's very hard to detect language. And here this might even be written language and if we think about Arabic, this is a language that doesn't use Latin characters. So sometimes Arabic sounds that do not exist in French or English. And there are different kinds of phonetic methods to represent these sounds with characters. And this depends on colonial history if these countries were French or British colonies. Just an example for the word liberation. There are different kinds of spelling this in Latin letters. The Arabic word is Tahrir. Also dialects don't really conform with borders of countries. There is a very similar dialect that is spoken in Israel, Palestine, Syria. And now some good examples on average rates. There are some statements that are...  And the quote... I'm not sure if I can read the whole quote now. There's another problem. So why this problem might have been receiving messages in New Greek? There might have been roaming messages by the provider actually. So there are so many factors that make it very difficult to determine how reliable this information is. And the person taking the decision on the asylum case would have to sort of weigh the options. As I regularly asked Banff about these things, I asked him about the error rate of these language analysis results. And the spokesperson said that they couldn't really tell me because the information they would have to disclose would be so specific that it might be harder to use the technology afterwards. In the same request I asked, what methods do you use, what's your databases, which messengers can you look at? And they don't respond on any of those questions because it's so secret that it would be more difficult to use the system afterwards. And it's possible that this software might not be able to include all kinds of messengers. There might be messages from the provider that the system cannot analyze. So just from the communication usage of this person, the language analysis doesn't work anymore. And even if there are results, they might be wrong. And I'm quite sure that the people working at Banff won't really be knowing what to do with these results. So this year there was an inquiry commission of the German parliament on the data ethics. And this commission found that these points where these data are used need to be very transparent. And they need to publish or disclose the databases, the formulas that are used, the algorithms. And none of this is happening here, despite the fact that this has serious consequences for the lives of these people. This also applies to another system that I talked about last year a bit more. It was the direct analysis that was introduced in 2017 together with other systems. This is about... so somebody speaks into a telephone for two minutes. At the end there is a paper slip that says where this person is from. This is quite unique to Germany. Other countries that try to determine the country of origin usually do this manually with experts, external experts. But Banff wants to do this or does this more and more in automated ways. We also know that there are error rates and that these differ depending on the language. And for example for Levantine Arabic, which is the dialect that is spoken in Syria, the detection is better than other dialects. So this obviously shows that this is a problem. So they have way more samples for Levantine Arabic, obviously, but they don't say how many. They just say that this is a secret and nobody knows except the people maybe asking more detailed questions and trying to figure this out. So you might wonder if you use these systems that are unique. Somebody would have to look at them and maybe independently ideally if this makes sense and if it works. So in 2017 there was a request in the German parliament. Wouldn't you like to maybe have some scientific oversight for this? And the response was that they're planning this for 2018. We're in 2019 today, so I asked them again. And the response was that they aren't doing this yet, but are planning to. So this has been several years and this has affected a lot of people. And I don't know how you can possibly do this as an authority and just not give out any information and reject and refuse any kind of oversight. We have to estimate the consequences of the collection of this data or companies that do this. Companies with collected data have to have to predict what the consequences of that data collection is going to be. And I wanted to know what the results of that were. And they rejected my application for this because it might identify security issues. So we're in front of this wall of silence and we only get drip-fed information, if at all. And this is, of course, one legal problem or one problem of the rule of law after the other. And it's not simply bizarre, it is a problem of the rule of law. If the Federal Office of Migration says that it would be a problem to tell about the error margins, then I would reply that it's a problem if we don't have them. That's partly the lack of reliability in these indicators, but also how susceptible these systems are to error. In addition, there are technical issues. In a quarter of the cases, devices can't be read. Let's start at the beginning. Refugees in Germany, about half of all refugees in Germany don't have any data carriers or at least won't hand them out. So in half of all cases, the Federal Office doesn't get any further because people don't have any devices. In a quarter of cases, there is a technical failure in reading these devices. It's probably because these devices are either very old or very new, or because the cable doesn't work. I'm not even joking. In those cases where data is being read, it tends to be unusable. These are the numbers for 2018. 64% of devices were unusable, which means that, as Anna said, Finnish, Japanese, Chinese, that's classified as unusable. These are the cases where employees spotted that these were unusable. This year it was a bit less, 55%, but in the remaining percent, 34%, support what the refugees said, and only in the remaining 2%, there was reason to believe that there was a conflict between the two. And this increased to 44% versus 1%. And the employees of the Federal Office for Migration don't really seem to think they need this. 11,400 devices were read in 2018, and only in 5,400 cases. This data was then requested, which means that in about half of all cases, devices were simply being read without the data ever being looked at. This is opposed to cost. When this was introduced in 2017, it cost 6.9 million for purchasing hardened software, and ever since, it costs 2.1 million in support fees for an official digitization project. These aren't huge sums, perhaps, but I think they are quite large amounts. If you think about what this is about, it's because there are some people who try to enter or claim asylum in Germany, even though they don't have any right to asylum, and who may perhaps come here simply for the money, but then you're using that money on a digitization project that doesn't really lead to any usable conclusions. And, of course, legal protection is nearly impossible, because as a refugee arriving in Germany, you can't seek legal protection in advance. You're sitting in front of this employee of the Federal Office for Migration, and, of course, you can deny the request to hand over your device, but this can have huge consequences because you're refusing to cooperate, which may cause your asylum application to be rejected or withdrawn, or at least, though, it will lead to mistrust. So, of course, nobody is going to refuse to hand over their device, and if you do fight in court, it's going to be long and expensive, so there is no legal protection. What could alternatives be? I don't even think that alternatives is the right word, because you're only ever going to get an indication you have to keep using the old methods. This is mainly specific interrogation during these hearings, so if people claim to be from a specific part of town, you have to ask them what's the name of the church that your uncle visits, so if you go from the airport to the city, what buildings are on the way, this is a much more reliable method than what the Federal Office for Migration is doing, and it's still the method we really should be using. So, to draw a conclusion, it's a massive... It has massive legal implications. There is no legal protection. It's combined with huge costs and high error rates.  We are asking, but no, of course asylum seekers are also handled this way in other countries. So, many countries in the red marked countries, you see the police is actually responsible for taking devices from people and sending it to migrationary bodies, but in other countries the legal way is there, but there's not a lot known about what is actually done, and we have seen that it's pretty difficult to get information about what happened. I talked to refugee organizations and they said, yeah, it's done, and yeah, it happens often, but we don't know anything specific about it. So, we know, for example, that in Belgium and Austria there is legal possibility of recent, and we know that they're not implemented yet. In Austria we have data protection problems, which play info with that, so they're still thinking about whether that's okay. In the UK there's a special case, but they're very far in front when it's about using data. Maybe some of you have heard that even like smartphones of victims of sexual assaults or other crimes have to hand in their devices and their data is taken to check for evidence. But again, you don't know specifics about what they do with devices of refugees. But if you look at all those laws that are existent in some countries, what is striking is that, well, finding where you're from is very important, and it sometimes even goes on further. So, for example, in Denmark in 2015 or 2016 they started, and they made more laws in 2017, but it's not just about where you're from, but the law says that we can do it about everything that is relevant for the asylum case. And this is a very broad definition. So, well, in fact, some people from the States say, well, if we have any possibility we will use it in Belgium. It's also a bit more legal stuff, so it's not implemented yet because there's, well, it has been taken to the High Court, but so all devices can be searched and they can even be asked like, what is the password for your mail account? So it's not just on the device but also like other data. So it's not just the physical, well, data you have with you, like the physical device you have with you, but they have to, they can force you to give your account data as well. And especially the social media analysis which is planned in Belgium and Denmark already is very, very dangerous. Because actually the one thing is that you have OZIN, so Open Source Intelligent, you're looking at Facebook profiles of people and then also you have their account data, like their passwords, so you can get a real, really a lot of information at a point where actually I don't have any real reason for thinking that this person has done something wrong but I still treat that person as a criminal. And the only thing that person has done is fleeing from their home and that's it. Maybe we can think about that. In Germany a few years ago we had a big problem when it turned out that job centers are looking at Facebook profiles of job seekers and that was like a huge problem and the media wrote about it, so that's bad. But if people do it with refugees, there's no outcry in the media. We had one such case in Germany where we found that through the smartphone data and the identity information they found on the Facebook profile they looked into this person more clearly. And the employees at the bump looked into this and they said, yeah, they like the soccer club from this city and like this local store and this is why I will include this Facebook information on the asylum case. We don't know, as far as we know this is not a standard procedure that they do but you see that it's just going on. They're not just using Facebook information, not just smartphone device information but also social media monitoring. We can look at it in a collective perspective as well because that's how you can find migration routes. So we have three bodies in the US, so they are also using since January 2017 they make social media interpretation and looking at data from there and other channels about refugee routes and where people exchange about the flight and they send a weekly report to federal bodies over this information. This was done for a decision from 2017. You see here like they want to find people who fake documents and stuff like that and then they also started using this for asylum seekers as well. This is what you see what happens with this. They are preparing reports and how the current snapshots of the current situation is they see it and one of their big successes they said is the convoy of hope they found pretty quickly. The border between Greece and Macedonia was open and found in social media as a well rumour and the police quickly found it on social media and so police could stop people. So that was their success and so we asked them how did they do it and what is your legal basis and so what are your predictions you see how this will work out in the future. They don't have anything and they said well we don't have and the German data protection officer inquired why they have so much personal information about data and why they collect so much information. So this is nothing they can do in secret and in transparently because they actually have to do it well openly if they do and so the EU data protection officer made them stop this practice because they said there's no legal basis that can actually that you can cite that empowers you to do that. So it's important that people and ministries and whatever looking into such things because if no one is realizing that those bodies are doing this no one can actually stop them and you see as soon as the data protection officer looked into it they found that's what they're doing is illegal. So another body that's interested in social media information is Europool maybe you know their takedown actions which they do where they well use posts and so-called terrorist information and they also do it with so-called smuggle relevant information that they taked them down from social media. In 2018 they had 18 information that they have been told and then referred that on and the provider and the providers then took those information this information down in 99% of the cases. Now I ask myself well what do they see as smuggle relevant information so is this just posts which say like pay me 15,000 euros and I'll give you a passport and a nice life or is it also for example organizations that are legalized which save people's lives on well on a Mediterranean. So I at least suspect that that's also this and the third body and this is Frontex. Frontex wanted in September to pay half almost half a million for anyone to build them a social media monitoring platform but it went pretty wrong because it was at the same time as the data protection office of the EU checked this and also Privacy International looked into this and other people and they asked that and so Frontex pulled back the well this this idea but they do other things. They use drones and so-called AI to monitor borders and that for pretty long time actually. So there see what is what is there at the at the border is this a car is it a person or is a ship with a person or whatever and how do those people behave. So maybe you go somewhere and suddenly you have a small swarm of drones looking at you for some time and then send it to somewhere else and if you're lucky then the drones will leave afterwards but if you're unlucky they won't. So there is a lot of digitalization about that. I don't have time so there's another talk in this tomorrow so no road borders, no nation or smile for European surveillance program which is tomorrow. So also jump over some other slides because I have no time. So who is profiting of this? Our thesis is that it's a pretty much of an insult against refugees. It's not really working so who is interested in this to go on except for politicians who say oh it's about security and safety and blah blah blah but there's a lot of companies, IT companies and well consulting companies which profit from this and they were also used by BAMF or tried by BAMF and those names always appear on the European playground if you look into such things. So finally you want to look at two digitalization projects of the Federal Office of Migration and Refugees. Do we have time for this? Do you want to watch a video? Today is a big day for a lot of planning and building. We have opened the CIC Creative Information Technology Center. We want to present all our great ideas, future projects, IT projects currently the cloud project which is why the design has a lot of wavy lines. The lamps are a bit cloudy. So this is one of our biggest future projects that we're running at the moment. That's enough, okay? So this was a department lead of information technology who might have been a little bit surprised by this interview. We don't want to talk about the cloud, we want to talk about KE shortly so everybody's talking about this, it's kind of cool so we're going to do it here. So the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees uses AI and there's this nice quote who said so every day we receive 6,000 documents. There might be a lawyer, a lawyer's letter that might be ironic so we need AI to detect if this is serious or ironic or sarcastic. Less funny is that AI is actually used to find anomalies in interrogation or interview minutes. So the Enquiry Commission of the German Parliament has asked what they're using AI for and they responded that by using AI it's easier for them to actually respond on informational requests by other authorities. Maybe some person had contacts or interesting information that might interest other authorities. That information is passed on to other authorities is known. There were cases where information was forwarded to secret services. The Federal Office has also realized that there is a problem if AI systems make the final decisions which is why they want to ensure that at the end there is always a human employee who makes a decision. So another thing that I wanted to talk about if we had more time there is this blockchain project, short summary. The bump wanted to do something with blockchain. They had this design phase in Dresden at the Anker Zentrum and the beginning of 2020 the design phase should be finished and then they want to go to a pilot phase. There was a presentation in 2018. We know from the media somewhere there is a fax left and suddenly somebody is on a plane. So they want to try to optimize information flows between several authorities so that the foreign authorities will know what status somebody has. So blockchain is not suitable for this at all. The purpose of blockchain is to make it hard to delete and manipulate data. But this data has to be deleted because after 10 years following the asylum case the data must be deleted. So the summary is everything was cut. The recommendation was that there should be no personally identifying information in the blockchain. There should just be an identifying number. And every other kind of data should be in other databases. You might wonder why but they won a prize for it. We should not forget that refugees, even without these new technologies refugees are subject to a lot of data storage. Way more than people who have, for example, a chair in Passport. And if you would imagine that this would apply to yourself that would be very crass. There is a centered register for foreigners which has hundreds of thousands of records and they can put all kinds of data in there. Biometric data, fingerprints for younger people. Secret services and job centers can automatically read or request data from this. At one point we realized that using numbers for people wasn't the great idea in Germany but somehow this was forgot. So the idea is that everything is faster and better. So there is a lot of motivation and digitalization sort of becomes the purpose of its own. But there is a problem of spending money uselessly but there is another problem that people's rights are infringed upon and nobody really thinks about what this means. Just taking everybody's phones to just see if maybe I can find something out. If we imagine that agencies judging your credit reliability would do this, if this applied for you or if this applied to people applying for asylum status, this would be very different. And the third problem is that implicitly refugees are treated as criminals and there is no cause for suspicion. And lastly, once the technology is there, it will be used in other ways and it will be extended upon. We've seen this in other countries that this happens. Maybe use these systems not just for a country of origin but also to determine if a person might be security risk, if what route somebody took, if maybe it might be possible to deport them to another country. So there is this case where, it's the case that refugees are becoming lab rats for surveillance technologies. So now we're really done. We have five minutes and you may ask questions now. Thank you. Okay, so they're very short questions. We have time for those. And from the signal angel from the internet. So first question. Yeah, the first question is for hotspots, are there hotspots in apps or hostels which are used by state bodies, which people shouldn't use to... It's a question from the internet, right? This seems familiar from the United States. They seem to come up in New York. No, it doesn't bring a bell. I know that information on key cards may be submitted to authorities to check if they're in the place they're supposed to be but I wouldn't know anything about hotspots. Question number four. And how far is this whole... Well, how is it for the GDPR compliant? Because there are a lot of things also state bodies have to do in their documentation, which data they are allowed to store. And so they actually have to tell you what they do. How is this process okay and acceptable? And how do you do this if you have other companies involved which store data in cloud? So how do they put this out? As I mentioned earlier, we tried to request this estimation of data protection consequences or privacy consequences where they had to check if this data collection was legal and appropriate. But since I wouldn't reply, we simply don't know. And in addition, many of these constitutional issues appear again on the level of GDPR and people collecting organizations, collecting data, should check whether or not it's appropriate. And GDPR does apply, it does not apply in cases where danger has to be prevented, but this doesn't apply in this case. So GDPR does apply in this case. One very short last question from Signal Angel on the internet. So the question is, can you describe how the rights of people that they have to conform to these processes? So how is this real? Okay, please repeat the last part of the question. The question is, can you describe how far the people have to conform to this process? They have to provide relevant documents when they're asked to confirm their identity or where they're from. So for example, papers like birth certificates. So you have to cooperate in your asylum claim, asylum application and provide the relevant documents. And that's time. Thank you very much, Lea and Anna. And thank you also for listening.