So radical. Fundamental principles of freedom, rational self-interest, and individual rights. This is The Iran Brookshow. Alright everybody, welcome to Iran Brookshow. It is Wednesday, December, what is it? December 6th. I hope everybody is having a great week, and I hope everybody is having a great week, and yeah, we've got a show right now. Three shows tomorrow, the first Hebrew show ever. We'll be at 10 am tomorrow morning. Then we'll have our news roundup, and then we'll have an evening show with Don Watkins. We'll be talking about effective egoism. So hopefully you will join me for that. If you missed effective altruism yesterday, you can catch up on that tonight, and so that you're ready for effective egoism tomorrow. Effective altruism, effective egoism. You'll have it all covered. You'll be completely covered. Let's see. Yeah, I think we're good. So we can jump right in. You might have, this has been all over the place, particularly in social media. But yesterday, as you probably know, three major university presidents appeared before Congress, Harvard, Penn, and MIT. All three appeared in front of one of the House Committees, Committee on Education and the Workplace. And to talk about the state of the workplace, of the state of education at Harvard, MIT, and Penn, three of of the premier universities in the country, really, in the world, if you look at global rankings. At the same time, I think some Republicans brought out some students at these three universities at MIT, Harvard and Penn, had them describe Jewish students and had them describe what is going on on campus. If you haven't seen those videos, I highly recommend watching them. They're truly horrifying and very disturbing. It is quite evident that there is massive amount of antisemitism. There is intimidation. Jewish students on campuses are afraid. They are harassed. And some of them are just terrified for their lives. I suspect that is also true of faculty. Although we didn't get into that, but certainly this was the case when it comes to students. The testimony of the Gulf of MIT and the Gulf of Harvard were really, really spooky. I mean, they could have been testifying about 1930s Germany. And this is, of course, the 21st century. Massachusetts, liberal Massachusetts, Harvard, MIT, a bastion of science and technology, not even a bastion of the humanities. So I highly recommend you listen. You watch them. I think each is about three minutes long. It's definitely worth catching up on. It could also be, and maybe this is the better analogy, it could also be the South. It could really be the South in the 1950s and 60s. Maybe when the first black students arrived on certain campuses and were harassed, truly unbelievable. And it's not just that these are Muslim students, many of them are, but it's not just Muslim students. Many of the students doing the harassing are American, born and bred, at two of the most prestigious universities in the world. Anyway, the presidents of the universities were brought in front of Congress, in front of the Committee on Education and Workplace, to discuss this and to answer questions about this. That, too, is available on video on social media. And I encourage you to watch it because that, too, is mind-boggling and just unbelievable. They were asked whether the cause for the basically killing of Jews violated their harassment policies. All of them wouldn't answer. I mean, all three, basically said, well, it depends on context. If speech becomes action, then it violates. It's really interesting, right? Now, if these universities took the position of we are basically at these universities abiding by the First Amendment of the Constitution, we will use the First Amendment as a guide to determine free speech issues at the university. And that will be the principle by which we did. They don't have to, because these private universities, they could determine their own speech codes. But if they took the position that the First Amendment is a guide, then I get it. Okay, so you can shout and yell as long as it doesn't count as incitement when it's calling for the annihilation of another country, a people counts as incitement and when it's just expression of speech. Okay, you can quibble about that. And indeed, Jonathan Haidt writes, Jonathan Haidt, the professor and a big, big proponent of free speech. He says, quote, as a professor who favors free speech on campus, I can sympathize with the nuanced answers given by university presidents yesterday about whether calls to attack or wipe out Israel violate campus speech policies. But he says, what offends me is that since 2015 universities have been so quick to punish microaggressions. By the way, microaggressions telling people we want to kill Jews or we want to annihilate Israel, it's not exactly a microaggression of in the context of the kind of speech we're talking about. Anyway, have been so quick to punish microaggressions, including statements intended to be kind. If even one person from a favorite group took offense, the presidents are now saying Jews are not a favorite group. So fending or threatening Jews is not so bad. For Jews, it all depends on context. We might call this double standard, Haidt continues, institutional anti-Semitism. University presidents, if you're not going to punish students for calling for the elimination of Israel and Israelis, it's okay with me. But only if you're also immediately dismantled the speech policing apparatus and norms you created in 2015, 2016 in particular. You know, we're talking about universities, Harvard, for example, where the university diversity administration threw a fit when Caroline Hoeven, an evolutionary biologist at Harvard, stated on Fox News that there were only two sexes. The firestorm that this caused, the claim that there were only two sexes, caused that they have to take a leave of absence. Gay, the president of Harvard University was asked about this versus calling for violence against Jews. That's okay. But saying there were only two sexes, not okay. How do you square this with this idea of free speech? The president of Harvard was asked this at the hearing yesterday, but she did not answer. Over and over again, for example, at University of Pennsylvania, attempt to punish Amy Wax, a tenured law professor who I really don't like, who I think is indeed a racist. But attempt to, you know, she was, despite, she was critical of diversity programs. And as a consequence, the university tried to sanction her, right? It's okay to argue for the destruction of the state of Israel. It's okay to call for global interfahta against Jews. We know exactly what interfahta means. It's just not okay to criticize diversity programs.  They are fine. No problem. Calling for the genocide of Jews depends on context. It's unbelievable, the extent of intimidation that exists on these campuses, that the administration is completely, both administrations of all schools are turning a complete blind eye to the intimidation, the harassment, the real physical harassment that these universities are doing nothing about. Students who are afraid to go out of their dorms because they happen to be Israeli or they happen to be Jewish. But how many times have these universities silenced professors? How many times have these universities shut down speakers, disinvited speakers for challenging, I don't know, something like the common claims about climate change, as MIT did, when asked about whether it would be okay for groups of students to be out there chanting reimposed slavery, black should be slaves, or, you know, all gays should be executed, stoned to death. Whether that was not equivalent to the calling of genocide around Jewish people, university presidents had no, literally no answer, evaded the questions, ignored them, or just didn't answer. But we all know that if you call for the murder of gays, or if you call for the murder of blacks, if you call for murder of some minority, you would be thrown out of the university. As a student, as a faculty member, you wouldn't have survived. If there was a march through Harvard of students, pro the KKK, they would have all been expelled. And I'm not saying Harvard shouldn't do that. Harvard should set his policies the way it wants to, but it seems right that you don't want KKK members at your university. I would expel them. And yet, the equivalent, celebrating Hamas rape, pillage, murder, torture, that is fine. That is fine. And of course, this goes to the ideology I've talked about a lot of my show and this idea that the left has that if you're a victim, if you're meek, if you're poor, if you're the oppressed, you can do anything. No standards apply to you. You can literally do anything.  The abuse is, you just need to keep quiet. You just need to turn the other cheek.  They're strong. They're typically upper middle class and wealthy. They have a whole country that's kind of civilized and successful and relatively rich. So, oh yeah, we can abuse them. They don't need protection. Abuse all you want. This is the morality of intersectionality, the morality of woke, the morality that exists today. If you're white, if you're Jewish, if you're successful, you get no protection. There's no equal protection before the law, no equal protection in morality. There's no equal treatment. Your treatment is determined by the group that you belong to and how oppressed it has been. How oppressed it has been. All right, so I'm going to make a request of all of you. I mean, I've made this request for years now. I don't know if anybody takes me seriously or not, but here's the request. It's a serious request. Stop funding the universities. Stop it.  Tell them. No, I'm not supporting my enemies. I'm not supporting the destroyers of Western civilization. I'm not supporting an ideology that now is through and through throughout the university. From an administration to the professors, to the students. I will not support an ideology that's anti-American. It's anti-the principles of this country and it is fundamentally racist. So stop supporting your alma mater, particularly if you have money, but all of you don't even send them five bucks.  Stop. It's not good for your kids to go there. These have become destructive institutions. Now, there might be better institutions out there. Find the universities that are better. Support them. Send your kids there. But these institutions, Harvard, MIT, Penn, and I've mentioned in the past USC who treat students the way these institutions do, treat in this case Jewish students the way they do, treat the faculty the way that they do.  Yeah, I mean, these universities have, they either change their behavior or they should not get us support. Don't send your kids there.  Let them know how you feel, particularly if you've given them money in the past. Now, I know a lot of people have stopped. Not enough have stopped. Starve these universities. Starve them. They've been living off of you. They have been your enemy for decades. Now it's just gone over the top. But this has been going on for a long time. By the way, Douglas Murray asked Chad GPT at Harvard, discalling for the genocide of Jews violate the university's code of conduct. Chad GPT answered advocating for genocide violates Harvard University's policies against hate speech and harassment, which are outlined in the code of conduct. They prioritize creating a safe and inclusive environment for all members of the community. There you go. Maybe we should replace the president of Harvard with Chad GPT, because Chad GPT knows and understands the actual policies the university itself has adopted better than the president of the university. Disgrace all three presidents based on their performance yesterday should be immediately fired. The boards of trustees should invoke this.  There should be massive protests. Faculty members, leave Harvard, leave MIT, leave these universities. Many of you have got tenure. You're very successful. You can find jobs elsewhere. These universities need to be boycotted by everybody, everybody. Talking about Chad GPT, there's a real effort right now in Congress to regulate artificial intelligence. In other words, destroy the technology before it's really even been born. They are this week, four committee hearings, four different committees, hearings about AI, all with the goal of designing regulations. The scariest of these is already a proposed framework for new legislation proposed by Senator Richard Blumenthal, Democrat from Connecticut, and my favorite Republican Senator, Josh Hawley, Republican from Missouri. They are both ranking members of the Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology, and the Law. They are suggesting new regulation that would basically recreate kind of a, you remember the old Mar-Bell regulatory environment where the government, government agency, would basically control, right? It would be a new federal AI agency, a new federal artificial intelligence agency, which would provide licensing, auditing, and transparency mandates. I mean, this kind of bureaucratic micromanagement, it would destroy this industry. But even if it survived somehow, the bill would expand liability and new private rights of action after the fact that would allow individuals to sue AI over a variety of different issues. You can just imagine in our litigious and culture filled with frivolous lawsuits what this would entail. Hawley, Josh Hawley, the Republican, who many of you think should be my ally, Josh Hawley said he wants AI to be an, once AI to be an, sorry, he said he didn't want AI to be an accelerant for any job losses and suggested he wouldn't mind seeing government take steps to stop automation technologies from being used for even routine tasks like fast food ordering at drive-thru restaurants. So Josh Hawley is anti-automation. He's a real Luddite. He wants to drive us backwards. Maybe we should get rid of the automation we already have to bring back those jobs. By the way, there's a good article in this in Medium by Adam Tiria, who's very good on these kind of issues, on issues of economic growth, regulation, technology. So his name is spelled T-H-I-E-R-E-R. It's some of what I'm reading to you from his article. I mean, maybe what we need is a robot tax, which is what Bernie Sanders has proposed in the past, but I wouldn't be surprised if Blumenthal Hawley supported this. I've told you in the past, the scariest legislation is bipartisan legislation. The scariest legislation is when Democrats and Republicans agree. Okay, so yeah, I mean, what Blumenthal and Hawley want is basically a complete top-down regulation of AI. I mean, I'm curious who the regulators are going to be, because how many people in the world actually understand AI? How are they going to find people who can actually regulate this industry without destroying it? Well, they can't, so they will destroy it. I mean, this is unbelievable given the upside that AI has. It is unbelievable that given the global race and the national security implications of AI, it is just a guarantee to cripple American industry, to cripple innovation, to cripple progress and economic growth, and to set the United States on a backward track, not just of stagnation, but of actually what's the opposite of progress of decay, slow and absolute decay. Yeah, I mean, I don't know if anybody listens to me in Missouri, but if anybody's listening to me in Missouri, please never, ever, ever vote for Josh Hawley, Congresswoman. It's better that these kind of ideas come from the left, and that we don't get people who claim to be somehow affiliated with some version of pro-free markets that are, you know, associated with stuff like this. Josh Hawley is as bad of an authoritarian as anybody the left has, and much more dangerous, him and JD Vance, two worst senators in the Senate. Talk about a bipartisan legislation. You remember last year, two years ago, two years ago now, Congress passed an infrastructure bill, this huge infrastructure bill that Republicans voted for, and as part of this infrastructure bill, they allocated an enormous amount of money, $7.5 billion, to build tens of thousands of electric vehicle chargers, part of this EV revolution across the country, so that drivers would buy EV cars, because in order to buy EV cars, I'm not going to buy an EV car if I can't charge it anyway. I mean, particularly America, it's a big country, people like to drive, they drive long distances. You want to have lots of EV chargers all over the place, and of course, we can't trust the private sector to actually provide these EV chargers, even though there's clear profit motive to do so, and Tesla has indeed done so. Not enough exists out there, so the government's stepping in to fix that, and they're going to devote $7.5 billion to doing this. This was supposed to be allocated to the States, and the States were supposed to go build these things. It's been two years since this bill passed, two years since the bureaucracy has been created to facilitate the distribution of these funds and the building of these EV facilities. Guess how many EV chargers have been built with the billions, billions, that's with the B, of your tax money that Congress has allocated towards this? How many actual chargers have been built? Well, the numbers exactly zero, exactly zero. None have been built. There might be a few that go live next year, but this is way, way behind. The reasons are all bureaucracy, bureaucracy, bureaucracy. Central planning doesn't work. It's inefficient. It's unproductive. How much of the $7.5 billion is going to actually go to the administration of this program, to sitting on the money, to not doing anything, to corruption, to distortion, to perversion? Two years, not a single one has been built. Maybe a few will go live next year. Pretty pathetic, but pretty typical. Now imagine a regulatory agency responsible for all AI functionings. Pretty, pretty scary. Finally, we talked about yesterday how the United States oil production has reached a record level, record level. And the United States is producing more oil today than ever before. I read a story today, which I found really interesting about Saudi Arabia and stuff that I didn't realize. Right now, the United States is producing more oil as a percentage of crude oil production in the world than Saudi Arabia or Russia. 16% of all the oil, crude oil production in the world right now is being done by the United States. Saudi Arabia, which was producing close to 14%, has cut production significantly in an attempt to drive prices up. Of course, just as they cut production, the United States, and this is all private sector United States, increased production. The consequence of that is that the Saudi cuts have not actually raised prices. As a consequence, all revenue to Saudi Arabia has shrunk, indeed collapsed. Now this is devastating to an economy that is almost exclusively dependent on oil. Indeed, the country, Saudi Arabia, is right now in a recession. GDP shrunk in the third quarter by 4.5% annualized, but that's huge. The United States, by the way, in the third quarter, grew by over 5% GDP growth, maybe partially because of all that investment in shale oil. Indeed, this is what I didn't really realize. Saudi Arabia's GDP has basically not grown, the GDP per capita is basically being flat for 30 years. The population has grown, but GDP per capita is flat. So, yes, GDP has grown a little bit, but only to compensate for the number of people they have. Saudi Arabia is trying to diversify its economy, trying to get into tech, trying to get into other areas, but the fact is that it today is still dominated by oil and the economy is shrinking. Now, why did they reduce outputs? Probably a mistake. They assumed that the United States could not make up the difference because of Biden's antagonism towards the oil industry. I mean, there was some speculation that maybe they reduced production because they actually have less reserves than they're claiming. We don't know. The ruler of Saudi Arabia, the guy who runs it on a day-to-day basis, really Solomon Bean or something, is trying to diversify his economy. But Kenny is, do they have what economists call the human capital? Do they have educated people? Do they have the entrepreneurial spirit, the entrepreneurial ability? Is foreign capital going to flow into Saudi Arabia? Of course, half their potential workforce is unemployed, i.e. women are undamployed. Maybe they're not completely unemployed, but they're certainly undamployed. Saudi Arabia is in deep trouble and this cut has not helped them at all. Probably a strategic mistake, which they're going to have to figure out how to get themselves out of. Okay, just finally a quick story. It turns out that 40 White House interns, every time I think of White House interns, I remember Monica Lewinsky. I don't think Biden is quite as the appetites that Clinton had, but who knows and he's a little old. But here's 40 interns in the White House have written a letter to the president demanding that a ceasefire in the Middle East, i.e. you've got 40 interns in the White House who disagree with the White House's support of Israel, Israel's war.  The Democratic Party is in big trouble as a consequence of this. Biden could lose a lot of votes because he's too pro-Israel. Part of, if you've seen the latest polls, you'll see that Biden has lost a lot of support among young Democrats, somewhat because of his age, but to a large extent because of what's going on in Israel and his perceived support of Israel. There we have it. That is the news for December 6th. All right. Let's see. We don't have a lot of super chats, very few actually. So this will go quickly. If you want to get in, ask a question, or if you want to support the show in any kind of way, please consider doing a sticker. We've got 94 people watching, $188 to go for the goal. Be good if we could keep the street going of reaching our targets on shows so we don't lose the momentum we got last month where we had a record month. It would be nice if we didn't drop off a cliff from that record. All right. Anyway, James, $50. Thank you, James. James asks, this is a reason that I'm having such a hard time picking living in Boston or Dallas. Both have many negatives and a few positives. Seeing how minorities are treated in both is crazy. Any advice. I'm in M&A, private equity, is either better short or long term. I mean, look, from a professional perspective, I think both places are pretty phenomenal. I mean, Boston is where the firm that Mitt Romney worked for, the private equity firm, Boston is a big private equity location, Boston is a big tech, particularly biotech location, and has done pretty well. It's the Massachusetts on a GDP per capita is the richest part of the United States. But Dallas, too, is very strong in private equity, probably a little different, but lots of good private equity firms there, strong, what do you call it, a lot of wealth in Dallas, a lot of wealth in the oil patch, but from other sources as well. Texas, of course, you won't pay state income tax. That's a big deal. And in Massachusetts, state income taxes are quite high. I think both have advantages and disadvantages. Boston has much more of a culture. Dallas, on the other hand, is newer, right? Everything is new in Dallas. Dallas is an easier place to live, probably cheaper, quite a bit cheaper. Real estate is a lot cheaper in Dallas than it is. Boston is one of the most expensive cities in the United States. So I think you have to take all that into account. Look, living in Boston does not commit you to being affiliated with or to going to Harvard and MIT and being engaged with their horrific policies. Right? But it is a challenge to pick. But again, Dallas is hot in the summer. Boston is super cold in the winter, a lot of snow. So there are a lot of considerations in life. How each city treats minorities is just one of many, many factors you should consider when going there. What does Marybeth say, Marybeth say? She's a scientist in biotech outside of Cambridge, Massachusetts. And my family and I love it here, especially if you don't have to drive much. Yeah. I mean, look, in many respects, it is an exciting place. It's a dynamic place. It's a very intellectual place. And so from a professional perspective, it could be fantastic. But there are a lot of people who love Dallas, love Dallas. So you have to take into account all the different factors. And the fact that you're living in Boston, in particular, surrounded by so many scientists, so many engineers is pretty cool. It's pretty cool. All right. Savanos, thank you. Savanos came in with $250 questions. All right, you guys, you're becoming way too reliant on Savanos to get us to our goals, every one of these news roundups. We need to diversify the contributors. All of you get value from the show. Otherwise, you wouldn't be listening. Only a small percentage of you contribute through the Super Chat. If you're listening live, this is a great way to support the show and show value for value. And you don't have to ask a question. John Bales, Stephen Hopper, thank you to both of you, didn't ask a question. They just made a contribution towards the show. You can too. So please please consider doing that. All right. Savanos asks, why has the Arab population of Israel proper been silent, ignored in the discourse? Do they not enjoy a far superior quality of life worth talking about? Yeah, I mean, I think that it's been ignored for two reasons. From the perspective of the pro Hamas side, they don't want to talk about it because yes, the Arab population within Israel, it lives in the most rights-respecting country in the Middle East. Their rights are respected and they know it. They make a better living. They do well. They're better educated. And generally, they again, they have more property rights. They have more rights to free speech. And the pro Hamas people don't want you to know that. The Arabs, the challenge is, of course, that some of the Islamism, the religiosity, and some of the nationalism that have infected the Palestinian people over the last 40 years have also infected some Arabs within Israel. So there is a fraction of them, not a small faction, a faction of them, that generally supports Hamas. Now, after this last October 7th, I think that faction is smaller. There was a lot of fear in Israel after October 7th that, and when Israel went into Gaza, that the Arabs in Israel would protest and would side with Hamas and there would be an internal challenge that Israel would be ill-equipped to handle because they'd be fighting a multi-front war. The fact is that the Israeli Arabs have not demonstrated, have not gone out into streets, have not vocally supported Hamas. And the reason is that they're far more civilized. They might generally be more religious than they used to be. They might generally support the Palestinians. They do not support what happened October 7th. They do not support barbarism, at least the overwhelming majority of them. Maybe many of them are very critical of Israel, but they're not critical of Israel enough to support this. Now, there is a segment within the Arab population in Israel that is super supportive of Israel. Some of them volunteer and serve in the Israeli army. You can see some of them are social media talking and being incredibly pro-Israel. So the Arab population in Israel is complex. The alliance is complex. Some of them are pro-Palestinian, but not pro Hamas. Some of them are Islamists and therefore more likely to be pro Hamas, or at least they thought they were pro Hamas. Maybe they're not so much after October 7th. And some of them are 100% pro-Israel. Some of them are confused. Some of them just want to make a living and to be left alone. Unfortunately, the Arab political parties in Israel tend to be far out on the left and tend to be more hostile to Israel than I think the actual Arab population in Israel is. So if I'm not supposed to say, given Rand's teaching in media, is it worth to read Aristotle or other preceding philosophy writings? I don't know if it's worth to read the actual writings unless you're an intellectual. What would be good is to get like a introductory book that explains the philosophies of different philosophers. To read like a history of philosophy, a book, or take a course, take Lenny Peacock's course, for example. But the actual texts of the philosophers are very hard. And it's not clear it's worth your time and effort unless you're a professional intellectual to actually do that. But it is worth your effort, I think to many of us, with our effort to have an understanding of the history of philosophy, the different philosophies of views, and Peacock again is very good at that. There are books. I have an old Will Durant book on the history of philosophy. There's one that Lenny Peacock, what is it? This one, A History of Philosophy by William Wendell Band, Wendell Band, which Lenny Peacock recommended. So I definitely think that reading about the history of philosophy, trying to understand the scope of philosophy, understand the major philosophers without necessarily reading them just because it's hard and it takes a lot of time. So you could also take courses from the learning company or place like that online. Something will be more accurate, some less, some better, some worse. These books I think are pretty good. So they'd recommend Will Durant and Will Band II that I would recommend. All right. Let's see. Ryan, two years ago, I was super disappointed. I couldn't get into MIT. After hearing this news, maybe it's not so bad. I'm going to a state school. I agree. I don't think it's that bad. It really is a question, does it hurt you in terms of job applications that you're not an MIT grad? That is really the only thing that really matters, I think, because the education you're going to get is probably just as good at where you're going. Taisie, thank you for the support. AE Art, first super chat. Thank you. Thank you as well. Thank you to all the superchatters, but first super chat. Really appreciate it. Okay. John Parker, happy to say no support of Harvard since 1969. Good for you, John. Paul Azusa is looking forward to the New Year's Eve show. Me too. Me too.  And Buzz, Galileo, Galileo says, buy some Bitcoin, secure your freedom. All right. That's all the super chats I have. Let's see. What did I want to say? I want to remind you that those of you, particularly if you're a student or if you're young or if you'll have any thoughts about an academic career or just would like to really delve much deeper into studying the philosophy of INRAN and you've read INRAN, I would encourage you to apply to, for the INRAN conference in Austin, Texas, that will happen at the end of March. You can get a scholarship, you can go, but you have to apply to go. So go to INRAN.org slash start here and fill out an application. I know a number of you applied for the European conference. Thank you. That's great. It also helps justify the support of the sponsorship of the INRAN Institute for the show when you guys respond to kind of their marketing on the show. So please, those of you who think that it would be interesting, I know Greg Salamiere will be teaching there, Ben Bear will be teaching there. It should be a great conference in Austin, Texas at the end of March. I will be teaching at the one in Amsterdam and I hope you join in in that. Mary Ben has asked, can you preview the next AIU courses? So I'm not teaching an AIU course until the summer. I assume you're asking me about my course because I don't know about the others. I'm not teaching until the summer where I'll be teaching a public speaking seminar for a small number of students, but this will be the introductory course. During the next, I'm teaching a class right now on how to evaluate current events, but during the next school year that is starting in January, I'll be teaching together with Harry Binswing, I think, an advanced course, an advanced course, basically covering communication, communicating objectivism, and dealing with kind of advanced topics, and that will be for really our graduate students, the equivalent of our graduate students. But I don't know what else is going to be taught at AIU. I haven't seen the list. I know they're changing the structure again a little bit, so check back with me once I get updated by the people at AIU. Thank you, Mary Benz. All right, Silvano stepped in again. How do you think the right would react if science progressed enough to bioengineer human bodies and seamlessly solve the trans issue? I mean, I really think they would freak out. I think they would freak out from the whole idea of bioengineering human bodies. I think as it is, I think they freak out over IVF.  So right now, there is a research project to test fetuses for genetic defects, and then, if they are genetic defects, use CRISPR while in the womb to try to fix the genetic defect.  And the right is going to freak out on the soul of the left, by the way. The left is not pro-science, but the right will, you know, we're playing God. Now we're playing God with human beings, and the right will completely freak out. And then, of course, if you could literally bioengineer yourself to change your sex and your gender completely, that is change the genes, I don't know how that would happen. I don't know how you would do that, right? In a sense of, would you change your brain? The brain patterns, would you genitalia literally change? But imagine you could do that. Yeah, I mean, that's really playing God, and the right hates the idea of playing God, right? So they would freak out. They would freak out. But again, watch how we're going to have more and more and more people freaking out over the advancements in CRISPR genetic engineering and everything else. And, you know, the right is very much against life extension, right? The right is very much against life extension. Again, playing God. And I've done shows on this, all kinds of things that the right objects to people living well into their hundreds. It will destable society. PB, the most effective altruism is to abandon donation taxation in favor of capitalism, catch a fish, feed a feed for a day, teach the fish feed for life. We need more easy examples to teach principles to others. Yeah, I mean, no question freedom, capitalism, but nobody's going to buy that because that wouldn't be altruistic. The whole idea of altruism, whether the effective altruism wants to admit this or not, is ultimately the pain and suffering that are involved in dishing out the benefits. Ian says the discussion of editing genes made me think of the science fiction book Beggars in Spain by Nancy Kress. If you haven't read it, it's highly recommended. I have not. Sounds kind of interesting. I wouldn't have thought a book called Beggars in Spain would be a science fiction book. All right. Thank you for the recommendation, Ian. All right, guys. Thank you. I will see you all tomorrow. As I said, three shows tomorrow. So hopefully you'll catch one of those. Those of you in Israel, don't forget first Hebrew language show tomorrow. We'll see how I do. You'll probably have to correct my Hebrew. I'll be stuttering a lot, but hopefully we'll get into a pattern and I'll recall that part of my brain that is responsible for Hebrew will revive itself. Maximus has a quick question. How would prices be set in public transport system buses? If we had capitalism, would they be one company making buses? I mean, I don't know. Maybe there'd be several companies. There'd be competition. Prices would be set through competition, but prices would all be set with competition with trolleys and subways and flying taxis and regular taxis. And so buses would all be privatized and it would be set by private companies. There would be no government interventions, zero zilch in transportation. That's what capitalism means. And the prices we set by the private sector through supply and demand and competition. And don't forget competition is not just other buses. It's also alternative means of transportation. If you charge more for a bus ride than it would cost you to drive a car, you're going to drive a car. If you charge more on a bus than you would using some other means, you would lose other means. So they're always substitutes. Don't buy into the idea that these things are natural monopolies. There's no such thing. Thank you. Thank you, Carolina, for stepping in from Mexico. And thank you to everybody, particularly Sivanos, who covered more than half of today. Thank you to everybody who contributed through Super Chat. I will see you all tomorrow. Bye, everybody.


Hey, Psych2Goers, welcome back to another brand new video. Are you an introvert? You may have heard of all the admirable traits they're described with, such as being creative, intelligent, and being independent souls with a loving and gentle heart. But despite these number of good traits, not all is good for an introvert. There's also the opposite side of the coin that often gets dismissed by others, but is this much a part of an introvert's identity? The dark side, if you will, accounts for these undesirable traits that tend to materialize when an introvert is under stress and needs to go in self-protection mode. Do you think you'll be guilty of any of these habits? Before we begin, we want to remind you that if you're an introvert and you relate to any of these signs, please don't take this feedback as an attack on your character. This video is meant to be a self-improvement guide for those of you who have been feeling a little stuck, or those who want to learn more about themselves. With that said, here are some of the darker traits of introverts. Number one, bad attitude towards teamwork. Do you hate working in a team?  The dark side of an introvert is thinking that working as a team will only lead to drama, conflicts, and arguments. Being in a group setting can feel draining, so you might find yourself always going solo, but it doesn't always have to be that way. In the end, teamwork can be more powerful and lead to greater results when everyone is compatible with each other and can communicate in a healthy way. Number two, overthinking. Have you ever spent hours mulling over something that happened in the past? Like for hours on end. Overthinking is a scientifically backed up curse for introverts. According to researchers, introverts have higher levels of electrical activity in their brains, both at rest and when doing a stimulating activity. Overthinking also isn't only limited to the analytical side of the brain, but it can also affect your emotional state and make you feel emotions much more deeply. So the next time you catch yourself feeling overwhelmed because you're overthinking something, you may want to try taking some deep breaths, taking a walk or even crying to help calm your overthinking mind. Number three, self-depreciation. Are you really hard on yourself? Research has shown that introverts are actually more self-critical compared to others. Being self-critical is like planting and watering a bad seed in your mind. You end up fixating on the negative and neglecting all the other positive traits that form your identity. In the end, it may only cause your self-esteem and self-confidence to worsen. So if you catch yourself saying something really negative to yourself, try to challenge those thoughts and question whether it's something accurate or just a way to put yourself down. Number four, bottling up emotions. Was there a time in your life where you felt wronged by someone but kept silent the whole time? It's no secret that introverts prefer staying quiet. Confrontations can be a scary thing after all, but the negative aspect of this habit is that sometimes you end up bottling up all of your feelings until it becomes too overwhelming. During these cases, it's important that you have an outlet to address how you really feel. Whether it's writing in a journal, talking to a friend, or opening up to a therapist, expressing how you feel can help bring you to a calmer and more peaceful state of mind afterward. Number five, pessimism. Do you tend to look at the negative side of things? Personality research shows that extroverts show higher levels of optimism than introverts. While this may come across as a bad thing for introverts, it's important to note that extroverts are more prone to be optimistic about unwise ideas like continuing to smoke with the hope of quitting, even if realistically they won't. In contrast, introverts tend to be more grounded and realistic, but this can sometimes border to a despairing type of negativity, if left unchecked. This is why it's so important to strike a balance between being positive and being realistic. Number six, loss of identity. Have you ever felt like you're absorbing the personalities of the people around you? Many introverts are also highly sensitive people. Some may even be empaths. This can lead them to absorb the emotions and feelings of the people they're around, even if they don't notice it themselves. Although it may seem harmless, introverts can end up overwhelming themselves and losing their own sense of identity and how they feel. Therefore, you want to establish some boundaries in your relationships to help keep you grounded in yourself and your beliefs. And number seven, cutting off contact. Have you ever ghosted someone before? Intentionally cutting contact with someone is an avoidance technique. It shows a complete lack of concern for the other person and can cause great emotional harm to them. While introverts may not do so on purpose, their tendency to self-isolate can be misinterpreted by others in a lot of ways. It may even spiral into the end of some friendships because the other party thought you ghosted them. So as much as you enjoy spending time by yourself, it's always a good idea to check up on your friends ever so often to make sure you haven't left them hanging. Remember that these traits only describe a single dimension of introverts. Everyone has their own set of flaws and also the agency to improve themselves. So are you guilty of any of the traits we've mentioned? I am. Let us know in the comments below. If you found this video helpful, be sure to like and share this video with those who might benefit from it. And don't forget to hit the notification bell icon and get notified whenever Psych2Go posts a new video. The references and studies used in this video are added in the description below. Thanks for watching and we'll see you in the next video.


My name is Eileen Healy and I'll be your moderator for this afternoon's panel. So welcome. The topic today is network virtualization. We now have, in addition to power and storage and computing, we'll now have these network functions that potentially are all moving to the data center. I personally believe we are in front of a radical change of the industry. And I guess most of us completely underestimate the impact. So there's lots of experiences to be gained and this is for us as applied researchers with network operators around the globe, what we love, with our toolkits we experience what is possible and what is not possible. So and particularly it's really a drastic change that the network becomes an IT infrastructure. Probably in the next panels we see much more people from new companies coming up because it's the first time that venture capitalists in the US invest in startups in the network business again. So and this offers great opportunities and I think this will major change the world. I wouldn't start with virtualization if you're an operator I would start with what business problem you're trying to solve. We are going through many transitions, focus on which transitions you want to take on and then look at how virtualization or other things like SDN will help you. You will need to get started, you will need to get moving and you need to figure out where to start, the journey is going to take time so plan out that journey and we're happy to help. I think experiences is very, very important because today the standardization is one of a hot issue but in the case of standardization of SDN is a very, very slow basis and also I think implementation of SDN function is very, very important. To turn the network into a programmable dynamic flexible platform is really the key in order to make sure that the network stays relevant for the future applications that we see and the NFV and SDN are the key technologies for that. Then I also want to comment that we seem to be in full agreement, so I was expecting that we should have some difference of opinion but that's fine. Thank you all. It's been a very interesting discussion. I think that it's potentially a very radical change, an important change. I think we'll see much more network sharing, virtual operators. It holds the promise for all of that and we'll all take that journey together. Thank you very much.


The study found that adults with hearing impairment do not differ from normal hearing adults in their use of smart devices but are less likely to use social media apps on a smartphone, tablet, or smartwatch. They are more likely to agree with using social media to stay in touch with family members and friends and perform work. Further research is needed on the types of social media platforms used by adults with hearing impairment and the device on which they prefer to use social media. The study suggests that social media may be an opportunity to enhance vocational rehabilitation services for persons with hearing impairment. This article was authored by Mariek F. Van Weer, Emily Urie, Birgit I. Lissenbergwit, and others.


Welcome. I welcome you all to this lecture in the course, Samasa in Paninian Grammar. This is the first course on Samasa. We begin our lecture with the recitation of the Mangala Charana. Vishvesham Satchitanandam Vandeham Yo Khilan Jagat Charikarthi Bari Bharati Sanjariharthi Leelaya Vishvesham Satchitanandam Vandeham Yo Khilan Jagat Charikarthi Bari Bharati Sanjariharthi Leelaya We are studying the Tattpurusha Samasa and its details. This is a very important type of Samasa in Sanskrit and we have already studied several features of this Tattpurusha Samasa. The derivation of the Tattpurusha Samasa can be summed up in the form of an equation in this manner. So, we have X and Y two different entities, X having different and independent meaning, Y also having different and independent meaning. X is a different word, independent word and Y is also an independent different word. X has independent and different accent, so also does Y. The important point is that these two independent entities, they are semantically related. The plus sign indicates this particular semantic interrelation. Now, the speaker of Sanskrit thinks about merging these two elements together and generating a different output altogether which is X, Y. Now, X, Y is one word denoting one meaning having one accent. So, there is Ekarthi Bhava which has got these three features namely, Ekarthya, Ekapadya and Ekasvarya. Now, X, Y is written in a particular manner where Y is highlighted with the bold to show that in the Tattpurusha Samasa, it is the second member or the Uttarapada which becomes the head which means that when X, Y is to be linked with any other external element in the sentence, it will be done only through this head Y. And when this does not happen, but still we have the compounding taking place, we call such compounds as Ursamartha Samasas. Then we are studying the Vibhakti Tattpurushas. Amongst them, we have already studied Vitya, Tritya, Chaturthi, Panchami and Saptami. We said that the Vitya-Vibhakti Tattpurusha is stated by the sutras beginning with dvitya-ashritati-tapatitagatatya-staprapta-panayi and so on. Tritya-Tattpurusha is stated by the sutras beginning with tritya-tatkratar-thenaguna-vachanena. Chaturthi Tattpurusha is stated by just one sutra, chaturthi-tadarthartha-balihita-sukha-raksitahi. Panchami Tattpurusha is stated by a few sutras beginning with panchami-bhyena. Saptami Tattpurusha is stated by the sutras beginning with saptami-shaundahi-i. We also stated that the Vibhakti Tattpurusha underlies the... The Vibhakti Tattpurusha highlights the fact that the Samasa theory is based on the Karaka theory. There are certain cases where Panini has not prescribed any Vibhakti, but he has directly, explicitly prescribed a compound where the tradition has to infer that due to the prescription of a compound, there has to be some provision for the Vibhakti to be added to that particular Pratipadika. Now we are studying the Shashti Tattpurusha and we said that there is only one sutra which prescribes this Shashti Tattpurusha. That sutra is Shashti. Then we have a number of exceptions, number of negations where Shashti Tattpurusha does not work. We have already seen in the nirdharani, we also saw Now we will study in this lecture some more negations. First, let us study Ktenacha Puja Yaam 2 to 12. There are three vadas in this particular sutra, 2 to 12. The first is Ktena which is instrumental singular, which means with the word having ktha suffix. Cher means and, it is an indeclinable. And puja yaam is 7 slash 1 in the sense of worship, in the sense of respect. Words continued are sup and sah supa. And of course samartha pada vidhi is obviously there. The other words continued are na and also shashti which is in 1 slash 1. On the whole, the meaning of the sutra is the following. And this is the meaning of cher and any shashtyanta subanta is not compounded with any other interrelated subanta having a pratipadika that ends in the suffix ktha when the compound means worship, when the suffix ktha means worship. I repeat, and any shashtyanta subanta is not compounded with any other interrelated subanta having a pratipadika that ends in the suffix ktha which is added in the sense of worship. Now the question is, by default the suffix ktha is added to a verbal root to denote past tense and also karma or bhava. Past tense is stated by the sutra bhote and the meaning karma and bhava is stated by the sutra tayoreva gratyakta khalarthaha. Now there is an additional meaning of puja which is stated by this suffix ktha in accordance with the sutra matibuddhi pujarthe bhescha. Ktha suffix is stated here to denote the present tense. And by 2367, kthashyachavartamane, shtivivakti is stated after a word which is interrelated with such ktha suffix. Now the tradition says that even if this sutra mentions only puja, other meanings mentioned in conjunction with the meaning puja in 3, 2, 188 namely matibuddhi are also to be considered as conditions for this negation. So we have radnyam mataha, radnyam buddhaha and radnyam pujitaha. So radnyam mataha means one who is being thought about by the kings. Radnyam buddhaha is one who is being known by the kings and radnyam pujitaha is one who is being worshipped by the kings. So now in this case even if these two words are semantically related because kings are thinking about somebody, kings are knowing somebody and they are worshipping somebody, so there is semantic interrelation and the scope of shti is very much there and still the Sanskrit speakers have not thought of combining and compounding these elements together and that is what gets reflected in the form of this particular sutra which says ktenach pujaayam, there is no shti samasa. The next sutra negating the shti samasa is adhikarana vachinacha. There are two paddas in the sutra, adhikarana vachina and cha. Adhikarana vachina is instrumental singular which means when a word denotes substratum that is adhikarana vachin. So adhikarana vachina means with the suffix khtha which denotes substratum. So it is the suffix khtha whose meaning is mentioned in the word adhikarana vachin, that is adhikarana. Cha means and and this is an indeclinable. Words continued are sup, sahasupa, samartha padavidhi, na from na nirdharane and shti of course. These are the words continued. So the meaning of the sutra is the following and any sastryanta subanta is not compounded with any other interrelated subanta having a pratipadika that ends in the suffix khtha meaning substratum adhikarana. I repeat. And any sastryanta subanta is not compounded with any other interrelated subanta having a pratipadika that ends in the suffix khtha meaning substratum. Now by default, as we have seen earlier, the suffix khtha denotes past tense and also karma or bhava. But now we have sutra 3476. Which says that khtha suffix also denotes a substratum if it follows or if it is added to the verbal roots, meaning dravya, stability, gati, motion and pratipasana, eating. And then by the sutra 2368 adhikarana vachinastya sastryivakti is stated after a word which is interrelated with satchaktha suffix added in the sense of adhikarana. So we have examples like idam esham asitam. Here we have the verbal root asa to which the suffix t is added. Now this suffix t means substratum. So asitam means a place where the action of sitting happens. Idam esham asitam means this is the substratum of their sitting. Now asa indicates the meaning to sit which can be grouped under dravya. Dravya means stability. Similarly idam esham yatham. So in this case the word yath is derived from the verbal root ya with the khtha suffix t added to it in the sense of adhikarana. So yath means the substratum of their going, probably the road. So the meaning of idam esham yatham is this is the substratum of their going. Ya means gati or motion. And then finally we have idam esham bhuktam. In this case this means this is the substratum of their eating, probably a plate. Now there is a verbal root bhujja meaning to eat and the suffix t is added to it. This suffix t means adhikarana or substratum. Now the point is that esham asitam esham yatham and esham bhuktam these are semantically interrelated elements. And so shashti 2 to 8 would prescribe the compounding process to take place between these elements. But the current sutra 2 to 13 negates such a process and so there is no compounding. So the sentence remains as it is idam esham asitam idam esham yatham and idam esham bhuktam. The next sutra negating shashti takpurusha is karmani cha. There are 2 padhas in the sutra karmani and cha. Karmani means in the sense of object cha refers to and cha is an indeclinable. Words continued are sup and sahasupa and of course samartha pada vidhi. Na from na nirdharane and shashti from shashti. So the meaning of the sutra is and any shashtyanta subanta denoting an object is not compounded with any other interrelated subanta when both object and agent are mentioned in the sentence in shashti. I repeat and any shashtyanta subanta denoting an object is not compounded with any other interrelated subanta when both object and agent are mentioned in the sentence in the shashti vibhakti. Now as we know shashti vibhakti is primarily stated in the sense of shesha. Shesha means karaka pratyavadikartha vethiriktha sambandha, sambandha in general and other than karaka and pratyavadikartha. However there are a few sutras which state that the shashti vibhakti is added in the sense of a few karakas. So for example karatru karmana ho krti. In association with the krt suffix the shashti vibhakti is stated to denote karata as well as karma. Now the second sutra is ubhaya praptahu karmani. This sutra says that when a krt suffix is stated and when you have karata and karma both eligible to take the shashti vibhakti, add the shashti vibhakti after the word denoting karma, ubhaya praptahu karmani. Now the tradition has clearly stated that karatru karmana ho krti is not the subject matter of this particular sutra namely 2 to 14. However ubhaya praptahu karmani is the subject matter of this particular sutra 2 to 14 karmani chah. And there are reasons which we need not go into the details of right now which the tradition has put forward. But this is the decision they have reached and this is the conclusion they have arrived at. And in accordance with this if we have a sentence, Now in this case we have which is derived from the verbal suffix duha meaning to milk by adding the suffix er. And so this er suffix is krt suffix and so and it means bhava. Now in this case go is the karma and agopalak is the karata. So now there is ubhaya prapti, karata as well as karma they both are in association with the krt and krdanda word. Now in this case ubhaya praptahu karmani applies and adds the shashti vibhakti after the word denoting karma. So gavam is the shashti and agopalak then is expressed in the tritiya vibhakti. So we have ascharyo gavam doha agopalakena, the tritiya vibhakti in agopalakena expresses the karata. Gavam is the shashti with expression of karma and so on. The meaning of the sentence is indeed it is surprising that the milking of the cows was done by a non-cowherd agopalak. Now in this case the shashti vibhakti will be compounded in accordance with the sutra shashti in general but this sutra karmani chah states that this shashti is not compounded. There is a negation because there is ubhaya praptahu karmani applying and so such a shashti is not compounded. So there is no compounding. Then we have the sutra trajakabhyaam karthari. This is 2 to 15 trajakabhyaam karthari. Another sutra negating the shashti takpurvisha compound. There are two padas in the sutra. First one is trajakabhyaam. This is instrumental devil 3 slash 2 with words ending in the suffixes trach and akka. They are stated by a 3-1-1-33 namely nval and trach, nval trachau. So trach stands for trach and nval is the form of akka stated in the sutra. The other word stated in the sutra is karthari. This is the saptami-vibhakti of karthru and it means in the sense of an agent kartha. Words continued are sup sahasopa and samartha-padavidhi similarly na and also shashti. So the meaning of the overall sutra is the following. And any sashtyanta subanta denoting agent is not compounded with any other interrelated subanta whose pratipadika ends in the suffix trach and akka. I repeat and any sashtyanta subanta denoting agent is not compounded with any other interrelated subanta whose pratipadika ends in the trach suffix and also akka suffix. For example we have bhavatah shayika, bhavatah asika and bhavatah agragamika. These are the examples. So bhavatah shayika means your action of sleeping. Here the verbal root she is there to which is added the suffix akka and this akka stands for the action. So now bhavatah asika has got asa as the root and akka as the suffix. This means your action of sitting. Similarly bhavatah agragamika which means your action of surging ahead. In all these cases bhavatah is the shashti denoting an agent. And the other words end in the akka suffix. Now there is the possibility of compounding as far as the sutra shashti is concerned but there is no compounding because of the statement stated in this particular sutra namely trajaka bhyam karkari. Now truch means agent and therefore it cannot have shashti denoting agent in the same sentence. And so it is mentioned here is redundant and so only the examples of shashti meaning kartha are stated here with reference to the suffix akka. Even though we said earlier that truch and akka are stated in the sense of kartha by the sutra nval truchau the suffix akka is also stated in some other senses like bhava which is visible over here. Now the word truch continues in the next sutra negating the shashti takpurusha compound. That is kartha ri chir 2 to 16. Now kartha ri chir has got two padas kartha ri and chir. Kartha ri is 7-1 in the sense of an agent. Chir means and and indeclinable. Words continued are sup sahasupaa and of course samartha padavidhi. Na as well as shashti are also continued. So the overall meaning of the sutra is the following and any shashtyanta subanta is not compounded with any other interrelated subanta whose pratipatika ends in the truch and akka suffixes denoting an agent. The meaning is once again and any shashtyanta subanta is not compounded with any other interrelated subanta whose pratipatika ends in the truch and akka suffixes denoting an agent. Here are the examples. apam srashta puram bhuddh betta, odanasya bhoja kaha and saktu naam paya kaha. Now srashta and betta these are the words having the suffix truch at the end in the sense of kartha. bhojaka and payaka are the words having the suffix akka at the end meaning kartha. So apam srashta means one who releases waters. puram bhuddh betta means one who destroys the cities. odanasya bhoja kaha means one who eats rice. saktu naam paya kaha means one who drinks barley soup. Now apam srashta puram bhuddh betta, odanasya bhoja kaha and saktu naam paya kaha. In all these cases, suffixes truch and akka are used in the sense of an agent and shashty is used in their relation. So this is the scope of application of the sutra shashty during the shashty tattpurusha compound. But this is what is negated by the sutra karthari cha 2216. And the speakers of Sanskrit have not thought of compounding these two elements which gets reflected in the formation of this particular sutra. And so there is no compounding. After having seen all these negations, there is one sutra that remains to be studied which is yajakadi vishcha. Please note the number of this sutra. This is 229 which comes immediately after shashty. So before stating the negations, Panini states this particular sutra yajakadi vishcha. 228 is the prescription of shashty sakpurusha compound and immediately after it this sutra comes in. The purpose of this sutra will be clear now. There are two padhas in the sutra yajakadi vihi and chha. Yajakadi vihi is 3 slash 3 meaning with the words yajaka etc. Chha is an indeclinable meaning and words continued are sup sahasopa samartha pada vidihi and shashty. Shashty is one one therefore it is an upasar jana and also therefore there is a urva nipata. Now the meaning of the sutra is any shashtyanta subanta is compounded with any other interrelated subanta which appears in the group of words beginning with yajaka. So here we have brahmanasya yajaka and kshatriyasya yajaka. Now yajaka is a word ending in the suffix akka in the sense of karta. And then this will become a subject of negation. By the sutras that we have studied so far negating the shashty takpuresha compound. But this sutra tells us an exception to these negations and it reinforces the shashty takpuresha compound in a limited domain. So this is an exception to exception. So brahmanasya yajaka gets compounded as brahmanasya yajaka and kshatriyasya yajaka gets compounded as kshatriya yajaka. Similarly we have some other statements added to this particular sutra. That's thaischa gunayi shashty samasya te. Similarly we have some other statements added to this particular sutra. That's thaischa gunayi shashty samasya te. So previously we saw that a guna is not compounded with the dravya that it resides in. But now if that guna resides in the dravya then such a shashty gets compounded. That is the point. That's thaischa gunayi shashty samasya te. And any shashtyanta subanta is compounded with any other interrelated subanta which denotes the quality that stays in that dravya. Earlier it was different. Now this is different. So chandanasya gandha and kapithasya rasah. This gets compounded. Similarly we have another statement. gunatare na tara lopascha iti vaktavyam. What this means is and any shashtyanta subanta is compounded with any other interrelated subanta whose pratipadika ends in the suffix tara added to a quality denoting word and the suffix tara should be deleted. This is an exception to na nirdharani. So we have sarveshamsveta taraha. So somebody is picked up amongst many on account of that person being more fair. Sarveshamsveta taraha. An animal probably. Sarveshamsveta taraha. And there we delete the suffix tara and we get the compound sarveshveta. Similarly sarveshamsukla tara and we have sarveshukla gauhu as the compounded output. This is also an exception to the negation and reinforcing the shashty tagpurusha compound. To summarize, the purpose of collecting the group of words in Yajaka Devischa is to state exceptions to the negation rules and reinforcing the positive statement of the prescription of shashty tagpurusha compound and that is why it is stated immediately after shashty. Shashty tagpurusha samasa proves to be a big basket going to the varied and nuanced usage of shashty in Sanskrit. These are the texts referred to. Thank you for your patience.


Hi, this is Dr. Don. I have a problem out of Chapter 6 on confidence intervals and in this problem we're asked to find the critical value of t, not z, for the confidence level c equal 0.95 or given the sample size and equal 14. If you remember from the last video, when we're doing critical values of z, the only things we need to determine the critical value or the confidence level and that's it, just the confidence level. But when we're doing the t distribution, we need to also know the sample size. So that makes it a little more complicated to find the critical value. If you remember when we're looking at critical values for confidence intervals, we need to think about the confidence level c being centered around the mean and we need to find the critical values associated with these areas in the tails, which is 1 minus c divided by 2. Half of this area that's not blue is located in each tail and so we end up with two critical values, a lower critical value or a minus critical value and a plus critical value. So I'm going to show you how to do this using Excel, but first let's go back to our problem and you can see they give you the t distribution table and on this particular problem, the t table is not that bad. I want to click on that and it opens up and it gives you across the top this particular version of the t table, confidence levels of 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, 0.98 and 0.99 and the degrees of freedom and all you need to do is just find the intersection of the degrees of freedom which for t distribution is just the sample size minus 1 and in this one it would be 14 minus 1 would be 13th the degrees of freedom. We read across and we look down in the column for 0.95 and we get 2.160 which is the value they want there. That's not too bad, but what do you do if you've got a request for a confidence level of 0.83 or 0.96? Hmm, a little more problematic. That's why I recommend using StatCrunch or Excel in case you run into one where you've got to find something that's not in a table. So I'm going to close that out of the way and we're going to open up Excel. Okay, I've got Excel opened and as usual I'd like to label my cells and also use some color coding to help you remember blue is places I enter data, yellow are cells that I have formulas. We're given the confidence level and the sample size and the problem. I'm going to find the area in the tails first of all by equal 1 minus that confidence level C to get started then I want half of that so equal I'll take that value and divide by 2 hit enter. So now I've got the area in the tail and as I said when we're doing the t distribution for single samples it gets much more complicated when you have more than one sample but in this case we're dealing with a single sample confidence level we just need the degrees of freedom which is equal to the n minus 1 and that gives us our degrees of freedom. To find the critical values we've got two ways in Excel I want to start in that cell click equal t to get t distribution options up there we're going to use an inverse because we've got a area and we want to find the t so I'm going to click on that t inverse to insert that and it asks for the probability which is our 1 minus c over 2 comma and our number of degrees of freedom which is that cell and hit enter and I get minus 2.160 and you recall that when we're dealing with the standard table or the standard functions in excel we get the area under the curve from left infinity to our point so we need to get the absolute value of this and I'm just going to insert my cursor up there in the formula bar a b s to call up the absolute value function put a closing parentheses and hit enter and so I've got my value there the plus one we want 2.160 which is the answer they have over here now the other way of getting this in excel you hit equal and I'm going to go back to the t distribution if you notice down there we've got a t inverse two tail and that recognizes the fact that for confidence intervals we're always using a two tail and this particular function I'm going to click that we want the probability but here we don't want the probability half of that value we want the whole probability the two tail probability so I'm going to select the 1 minus c comma and my degrees freedom and hit enter and there we get our positive value 2.160 and again remember you use the equal formula text click on that to get that function I'm going to select that cell get the formula in these cells I'm just going to click on that formula get my little plus cross hair and drag down and now I've got the formulas for all of those so you've got two ways with excel to get your critical value and again one of the beauties of building your model in excel and formatting and labeling it is that you can reuse it let's go back over here in this problem and I'm going to reload to get a different value of the confidence level and the sample size and now we've got a confidence level of 0.98 and a sample size of n equal 12 so we go over here to our excel I'm going to change that to 0.98 hit enter and hit my sample size to 12 and hit enter and it recalculates and we can see that our critical value of t is 2.718 which is the answer one over here so another benefit of using excel I hope this helps


Everybody for us tier ripping 2022 museum collection baseball hobby 12 box case number 19 tier random team style Show the results on screen for you. You can always find them elite sports cards.com. Here we go. Good luck, everybody. Oh Max Crosby Lot of cross more Crosby's in sports, and I realized just now all these guys guys think We need some we need more hype what did I do here? Oh, no I'll fix it. I'll fix it. Oh my god, and I ended up with Seven in five. How'd I do that? That was just that's just terrible Zero out of ten on the on the box opening there. You ever want to just buy a PSA one card I don't think I've ever seen a PSA one It's basically just like run over just enough to be a card still That's about that's what a PSA one is I'm gonna go about that on the PSA ones that I gotta be low-pop count Flipping on eBay low pop low pop PSA one. It's a brand new card, too All right got an archival autograph Jorge Soler braves 31 of 150 Iconic Soler right there. Come on magic blue jeeter 30 of 150 Yankees Canvas Vlad senior expose go to the Nats and a dual relic auto for the Braves under Jones Numbered 163 of 200 over time in Seattle. That's pretty cool Wish we had that you know Magic got this killing my bull by Jersey. I'm so excited Killabrew got wander base patch card 10 to 35 Tyler glass now raise. Oh, Gary. Here's a plane now. Look at that copper Johnny Bench Quad relic Tatis 73 of 99 Padres pull an awesome book here something haven't pulled a book out of this in a while It feels like All right, I stole three teams left on that optic basketball half case number 56 55 is full 56 has the Hawks Kings and the Mavericks left purple Hank Aaron 74 of 99 Braves Quad Jersey Salvador Perez 59 of 75 royals. Yeah, you're right. Canler. It's not Bowman Chrome We've been ripping so much Bowman from recently Don't worry 10 a.m. Eastern tomorrow Bright and early Matt Scott like five or six cases Canvas Miguel Cabrera. We've got patch card for color Brandon Crawford Giants 4 of 25 bowl. Let's go bowl Who was that? You like lost the ball rookie dual Jersey Otto, Yanni Hernandez Rangers Numbered six out of 50. That's cool, Ryan Yeah, when I when I was at UCF towards the end of my time there taco fall was there and Just sticks out like a sore thumb like my goodness you can see him from so far away Archival Otto Jared Walsh one of nine to 150 angels. I remember seeing that at a UCF tailgate and Just it's it's just weird to see someone that tall if you're not used to it. Not like weird I mean obviously see him on TV, but it's so different So different in person Frans and Moritz Wagner Copper Jackie and artist proof Hank Aaron canvas for the Braves Blue Buster Posey 118 of 150 Giants under a good dual Jersey auto Freddy Peralta Brewers 144 of 399 copper Buster Posey Bruhan a dual Jersey Mets Alonzo and Lindor 15 to 50 Yeah, I've read he adds it's it's it's crazy, right? It's different taco 7 6 Quad Jersey max freed 48 of 75 Braves Yeah, what's up John? Get a bowl all right around him. Come on bowl Move your feet blue refractor flattie 114 of 150 Blue Jays Torkelson rookie we got a redemption here, and it is a Dodgers do a lot of Dustin May and Walker Bueller. It'd be a nice one there Go Dodgers May and Bueller. Don't see a lot of dual autos in this. That's a really cool pretty good pair, too. Yeah Justin May has that elite potential and Walker Bueller. It is elite That's a doctor trained for For the future triple relic auto Bernie Williams Yankee triple bat relic 100 of 150. I can't personally do it But here let me They may have just printed the label and aren't gonna ship it yet, but let me see. Let me find That's Cortes's email right there. I can also just text Serena in a second here Jersey card or all the Chapman 22 of 50 Yankees. You can also send one to Serena at leahandsportscards.com if you want six I Just texted her to She's here right now. Obviously if you just got the notification Quad relic Salvador Perez 41 of 99 Royals break spots differ all the time, but here's a site link right here Basketball sold out tonight. Optic is totally full So it's just origins international blasters and the mixer the football mixer tonight guys All right, six probably just gonna avoid the shipping label Until you're ready for us to ship stuff again blue rookie Bryson star 88 of 150 Phillies archival auto a Tory hunter 18 of 25 of the twins Nice card man always enjoy a Tory hunter auto and quad jersey Joey Wendell 70 of 99 rays Well, good luck if you do freeze Dual Jersey Posey and Crawford 7 to 50 She's not here. I thought she was still here. She's not she's not here right now, but we got it for you, man You have been far six. Are you staying sort of local? Laddie O'Neill cruise dual Jersey auto Jared Welsh angels 118 of 399. That's a that's a pretty big move. I'd say red say a Suzuki rookie 29 of 50 there you go Cubs Canvas Clemente and a rookie auto hunter green archival auto 167 of 199 But the amount of times that I have moved in in a span of like a year Like I wouldn't be surprised if I just have a forwarding order that expired for my mail and it just a bunch of stuff It's been sent to the wrong place Just like a bunch of junk mail Rara Julio Rodriguez rookie base a dual Jersey auto cubbies Nico Horner 386 of 399 our Romes or Mira's Cubs archival autograph 43 of 50 and quad Jersey met Solonzo Lindor de Grom and Smith 12 of 99 that is strange Rory. That doesn't make any sense to me at all Maybe people think the printer on a shorter on those Blue Yellich 132 of 150 brewers Bobby with junior rookie and a back relic rookie Jake Berger six of 50 white socks Canvas bow guards red socks a an archival auto John Smoltz 104 of 125 braves All right halfway through. I hope the teams that have not hit yet.  That's a pretty tough stretch. Actually, every stretch is tougher than magic How was that about copper bow guards? Quad Jersey Glavin Mets 88 of 99 cabels in the pistons. That's rough. That's tough So I imagine losing to the sixers without any of their good players by 20 copper rookie Suzuki Cubs Pass card Trayman seen the 18 to 35 Orioles Aaron Judge red 43 of 50 and triple relic auto JT on Muto Phillies It's number 35 of 399. I want to see like a bad barrel or something here copper Ernie Banks O'Neill Cruz archival auto Aramis Ramirez again to 299 this time for the Cubs copper rookie Cal Raleigh Mariners Big dumper Mets canvas is a Alonzo and a Tati's quad relic Padres is 75 six of 75 Jersey card Manny Machado five out of 50 Padres To they and Brett coppers blue Tati's one of 150 Padres Louis Severino dual relic auto for the Yankees nice three-color patch up top there. This one's number five of 25 Feels like a framed auto. Yep case hit coming Say purple rookie Suzuki 65 of 99 now for the Cubs cruise Cubs again here gold frame auto eight of 10 Andre Dawson The hawk going to the Cubs Museum-framed autograph Great-looking car congrats cubby's having a good break actually just three to go on the Sunday fun day football mixer now So it's just that and international blasters for Origins, and that's it guys three to go in the mixer almost full I'll get you a link for that That's gonna fill it really quick now every time it gets within five. It just fills up super quick 40 boxes honors flawless immaculate prism select 2018 prison in there actually some 19 some 20 21 and some 22 into 18 Quad Jersey Paul gulchman 36 out of 99 cardinals Copper Willy maze Anyone find some a judging gulchman top-scrown base cards And buyback Purple Chris Bryant eight of 99 cub Rockies color match at 13 of 35 the fryer patch Will Myers Padres Put the patch on the shoulder right there. That's awesome. There you go Padres raise legend will Myers And he was gone very soon after dual Jersey auto Dodgers will Smith 122 of 299 I'm sure you do or you uh, there's a lot of tops chrome, so I Have zero of those cards canvas Wade Boggs raise and a Padres Ivanka steel auto 90 of 299 So I'm saying man Paul was telling me or in front of our shop guy He's like yeah, I saw some people online saying that they might not send them in Because they think that the base cards will be worth more because they'll be in they'll be like there's a lower population now And I'm thinking like there's no chance. There's zero percent chance. You're gonna get $50 for a base card Do you imagine having just any numbered parallel of those guys to be making bank sending those in? Yeah, I bet you the rest of the top chrome is getting ripped now than anybody. Yeah He has ready to tax in 2150 a's Quad Jersey or all this Chapman 53 is 75 Yankees Yeah, Rory exactly exactly tops is paying more than anybody will for those cards Copper rookie Abrams Padres. I just want to be like hey hold them. Hold them if you think that you hold me if you think that Jersey card Grundall white socks 20 to 50 Yeah, exactly Rory like unless you have Like something that's red or super factor. Honestly, I don't know why why you wouldn't For judge maybe like some of the higher parallels like a gold but even then like a raw card Triple patch auto Tyler glas now raise Future Red Sox two of five just getting Jane. They wouldn't trade him in the division. They would Yeah, they probably would if they got Raffaella. Oh, yeah for sure Yeah, I was like, where did you see this Paul? 56 at 99 Ashrow's Jose Altuve Archival auto Cubs Andre Dawson for 50 Cubs have a lot of hits Yeah, I know we're doing it for like break credit if anybody wants to send him. I don't know the process. I'd probably have to email I was just told earlier that we'll give break credit for those cards Who holes got canvas Darrell strawberry Mets Quad Jersey Yankees Cole Severino Chapman, Britain to 75 222 tops chrome base cards of Aaron judge and Paul Goldschmidt Or just any tops chrome base parallels, I guess The insert scout I was gonna say I don't think the answer is counted There's a lot of those heart of the city judges out there Say a Suzuki rookie cubbies. We got patch car 33 or 35 chipper jones braves nice chipper Because tops is one of my back program for those cards I'll get more information tomorrow, but you can always send an email, but probably second back to you tomorrow purple vado 79 of 99 reds Dual relic auto Rockies Larry Walker numbered 14 out of 50 The base cards are $50 a piece and then the parallels have different prices, too But you can find the information online The lower the parallel the better obviously I don't know the scale j rod rookie copper for the mariners Abrams you got archival auto rookie royals Jackson co are 48 of 299. I don't know beefelt. I'm not sure Do not know I've never seen them do it before but Must be making some crazy, uh Some really cool signature series like MVP or something like that. I'm not sure what they'll do, but Probably different things with them on they can do different things with them honestly Maybe some special MVP set Get buyback autos or something Quad jersey joey wendell 28 of 75 rays Oh, it's 20 for the base 40 for the refractor $100 for anything 100 For a higher $200 for anything hundred less. Gotcha At first the first I saw I don't know if it was from tops themselves at a first I was like 50 bucks a base card. I'm like that's a lot Uh red carl stremski third three of 50 for the red socks To grommets patch card mick cutchin 12 of 25 pirates three colors. It's also a thin sleeve. I just have a thin sleeve Some tom foolery going on in here earlier, I bet Kershaw god dual jersey autobo bichette blue jays 43 out of 299 Ruth And archival auto on the back for the braves andrew jones 39 out of 50 Give me a sec. We'll do a recap Mixer sold out There should be Nope two to go. Those are old notifications that I saw Two to go on the mixer origins sold out in 13. All right, we'll start with relics here God cardinals goldschmidt to 99 Mets glavin to 99 Mets quad player to 99 rays wendell to 99 Royals pares to 99 Padres tautista 99 Quad Yankee jersey to 75 Chapman to 75 rays wendell to 75 Freed for the braves is 75 Tautista 75 Padres Perez the 75 royals Grandal to 50 white socks jersey card Machado Padres to 50 burger white socks to 50 Chapman Yankees to 50 Hosean Crawford to 50 giants Alonzo lindor Mets to 50 Really nice will mires patch for the Padres partial logo partial fryer logo a chipper to 35 for the braves Mancina to 35 orials glass out of 35 rays Crawford to 25 giants the four color and McCutcheon to 25 pirates three color And then we had a redemption dustin may walker buehler do a lot of redemption dodgers Philly Israel Muto on the triple relic auto Cubs Nico horner angels jared walsh rubers freddy perelta Padres evan castillo Cubs aramis for mires royals jackson co are blue jays bo bichette Dodgers will smith Braves andrew jones Reds hunter green Angels jared walsh braves jorgesa lair Yankees bernie williams Braves john smoltz Cubs andre dawson braves and andrew jones cubs aramis or mires Rockies larry walker rangers yanne hernandez twins torey hunter louise severino yankees Gold frame auto to 10 andre dawson for the cubs And it's a five glass now triple relic auto for the rays That'll do it. Thanks again everybody got basketball coming up


Look, we're like the male-female version of the same person. Look, I guess. No, she's not ugly. Welcome back to our SuperDirect, it's I'm Corbin. I'm Rick! And you can follow us on Instagram and Twitter from all to see. Instagram and Twitter. And you can follow us on Patreon and Facebook and Twitter. And you can follow us on the notification squad. Ha! We also do juicy things in our YouTube channels too. Yeah, we have our own personal YouTube channels. We have our own personal YouTube channels. You should check out the cooking that guy's doing over there. Yeah, I do some cooking. If you want to call it. But today, we are reacting. It is a... Who's birthday is it, Rick? Whose birthday is it? Well, let me see. There's approximately 7.7 billion people on Earth. There's 365 days of the year. So if you divide 7.7 billion by 365 and do some kind of a ratio, percentage-wise, there's at least five. Oh, good. One of those five is Arjun Singh. Who we know and love. It's his birthday. He's an amazing singer. I was going to say. Is Arjun Singh going to sing for us today? He is. This is called Tum Hai Ho. I believe. Tum Hai Ho? Sorry, you know where I went. Hai Ho. Hai Ho. But this is from his MTV live tour in India. So, all right. Three, two, one. Go. Whoa. From his small town roots to his path to superstardom. He began his training in singing at the young age of three. I got to know from my mother that I was attracted to music. I was in fourth standard. There were a lot of exams of scholarships. So I got into one exam and I got a scholarship. That's the moment my Guruji started thinking it might be a right option for me to go through. After 12th exam, I was kind of sure that this is the way to no work on. He came to Mumbai and took part in a couple of reality shows. Oh, he's one of those. With his unique singing style. It's okay. And worked with all the big names. It was very, very special. A phase where I learned I think the most being here in Mumbai. He had to struggle for a while before getting his big break. Dang! Everything is good in life because the energy is completely different than any other place. But once he got the break there was no stopping the hits. I love this commentator. The narrator. You need to concentrate on the song. It's just you have to own the song. I think that's when you get that feeling that I'll have to do something really, really special to the song and that's how I think the song will have that different vibe. He has broken new ground with his live performances. The grandeur of the music is different. You can really feel the grandeur. It's the best place to be. You will never, ever experience this but that moment when thousands upon thousands of people are just singing your song. Yeah, that's exactly what I honed in on. It just reminded me of the instant thing that came to my mind was what a truly and I'm going to wax philosophical a truly sacred intimacy between artist and audience that happens whether it's singing of songs or just being touched because literally like for a song when you write a song that song came from in you and comes out and is inside of someone else and it becomes a shared thing with somebody. Same thing experientially when you experienced a beautiful motion picture and you're touched emotionally by an actor's performance what was in them is now in you and that's why you feel this sense of kinship with them. That is for me one of the most important aspects of artistry because I can't think of any other medium we do as an endeavor as human beings that not only touches on the aesthetics that we appreciate and enjoy together and celebrate as human beings that make us human but it's that intimacy that happens, something transpired that began inside of the artist and is transmitted into the audience and they in turn give you back to themselves. It's a really special precious thing and yes we won't experience it that way the closest I've ever come to that is when you get a live audience in a play and then the interactions we have with the stupid babies over the past year is the closest that we've come where we actually feel that sense of connection It's beautiful and obviously I don't have to tell you guys that he's an amazing singer it's obvious it's obvious like oh he's amazing no shit but like I didn't know he was like almost like an American Idol type I didn't know he came from like those competition shows so he's like a Kelly Clarkson type like he came from those type of shows and now he's just a household name I obviously he's not touring now but I wonder if he ever tours in the United States because I would I would totally go see Arjun Singh I would absolutely go see him and if I'm not mistaken I think when I was last in Calcutta I think the meet and greet that Andrani and I did was happening on the same day his concert was happening in Calcutta I'm surprised anybody came I know I was too That's funny I would be very happy obviously it would be very similar to like when we went and we got the honor to watch the music here who's saying live we listened as much as we could to him before we went I would love to do that with him I would love to be able to see him in concert and get some of his music under our skin so that we could really appreciate it so we could sing along we could sing along exactly it's beautiful to hear so many lyrics like they go there's so many times we've heard similar lyrics throughout we're slowly being taught Hindi one word I've heard a ton Zindagi Zindagi I think it means like life I think there's something like that I don't know I hear it in almost every single song I know Dill is the heart and I know at any point in the song where somebody would say and you're all over that all over that that's my next Hindi scene that's just me three minutes doing over and over that should be a thing I should do like a video where I just sit in different positions and just say like if I was a spokesperson for a product they would just be Taj D I've got it right now anybody connected trust me anybody connected with Old Monk you need to utilize Corbin Miles like the most interesting man in the world who's drinking Old Monk saying give it to us Corbin


So we bought this building used to be a pawn shop. And so I was going through it. We left all the stuff inside when we bought it. And so we're going through the whole thing. And there was clearly like a huge vault in there where they had the watches and they left all the boxes there. So like empty Rolex boxes, whatever. And then there was like almost a list. They had a list that they had print out of like this watch and the serial codes that were made that year. And I was like, oh my God, that's how they used to authenticate this whole process was the serial code.