Welcome back, everyone. So for the last couple weeks, I've been traveling around to different conferences and workshops, and it got me thinking about what conferences and workshops actually are and how new people would actually start to get into the conference scene and start interacting and why you would want to in the first place. So today, I'm going to talk about getting into digital forensics incident response and a specific aspect of it, which is conferences and workshops. And this is the time of year where a lot of conferences are going on and why you might want to start going to these conferences. If you look on Twitter, you'll see that there's a different conference almost every week, and it can be really overwhelming to try to pick the right conferences for you and what your goals are. So hopefully, this will help you think about conferences and workshops a little bit differently. So first off, what is the point of conferences? And by far, the main reason that people go to conferences in information security, digital forensics is to meet people. The community globally is actually pretty small. It is growing. We are getting a lot more people, but really the whole point of going to these conferences is to meet people and to put a face to the name because you might have seen them online. You might have talked to them or even worked with them before online, but you finally want to meet them. And whenever you meet these people, first off, they get to know you, you get to know them. And then that builds trust. And in information security and digital forensics, everything is based around trust. If you show up to these conferences, people start to know you, people start to know your work, then people will trust you more. And the more that you see other people, you'll also trust them. And whenever you trust each other, then business opportunities will come up. Or cases, for example, in criminal investigations. If you already know a law enforcement officer in another country, you're more likely to go talk to them directly in an informal communication whenever you have a case with their country. So building that trust is by far the most important aspect of going to conferences, like understanding who's in the field, what they're doing, and then building that trust. Other than meeting people, building trust, having a good time, maybe partying a little bit is to learn something. All these new people, all these experts are coming to the conference, and they're willing to share something, which means that if you just listen, you can definitely learn something. So going to learn something is definitely the point. And then practicing teaching. For most conferences, you can submit proposals for something you want to talk about. And if you're accepted, then you can also present at the conference. Now, this lets you practice teaching, which is so important for, first off, meeting people and building trust, because they'll come talk to you about your topic. But also just to give you more credibility, because you can say that you've been speaking at these conferences, you've been teaching people about digital forensics concepts or information security concepts. And then that will help you to get your name out there and let people know about you and build that trust. So then whenever people are looking for candidates for work, for example, you can say, yeah, I've talked at these conferences before, I had presentations accepted, and I've given talks at these conferences in front of 200 people or whatever. That'll really help you stand out, because it's very difficult to put a presentation together and then get up amongst your peers and give a presentation about something. That's kind of hard to do. And it will show that you have a lot of different skills, not just the technical skills, but also the communication skills that are so important in digital forensics and information security. There's a couple of different types of conferences. One is a community focused conference where a couple of people in the community just got together and said, hey, we want to run a conference. Anyone who has a topic on a specific thing, submit it, and we'll probably present it. These community conferences are usually local. So you might have a local group of people who are just interested in a specific topic that might run a conference every year where people in the local community just bring their presentations, whatever topic. It's very informal usually. And it's just basically people who like the topic getting together and talking about it. That's essentially it. And then there's usually a lot of parting that goes along with it. Commercial conferences are a little bit different, still kind of informal. But the commercial conferences obviously tend to focus more on the company that is hosting the conference. So if there's a company hosting a conference, they're going to talk a lot more about tools, like their specific suite of tools or whatever it is that they offer, and then have themes that are related to those tools. And then usually you'll see in each session, there's at least one talk by the company itself talking about how their solutions can do these things. So commercial conferences are a little bit of a mix between advertising and community. They still tend to be a little bit less formal, but they also tend to be better funded. So you tend to get some pretty good presentations coming out of it, where they're bringing in people from all over to give kind of at these expert level presentations. So commercial conferences and community conferences, you yourself can submit a proposal if whenever they have their call for presentations, you can submit a proposal and I'll talk about how you submit those in a second. Academic conferences are by far kind of the weirdest, oddest group of conferences. Academic conferences usually have a paper. There's very paper or a poster. You usually have to do a full academic research paper. The conferences are very specific to some topic. And then your research has to be like academic quality research. It can't just be something that might go into like a blog post. It has to be a little bit more than that. Academic conferences are kind of an industry in themselves. So they are a little bit strange. You don't usually see commercial participation too much in academic conferences. It tends to be people in universities, obviously, because they need to submit their papers and present it and get it published. And then there's diplomatic conferences. And I was in a police conference a couple weeks ago and it was very much diplomatic. So they wanted presentations that were technical. They also wanted me to chair panel sessions. And I knew that this was more of a diplomatic conference because the panel sessions were with high level decision makers in international policing organizations. They are going to be a lot more diplomatic strategic planning level and a lot less about the technical level of investigation. Usually whenever you're going to a diplomatic conference, you probably know it just based on who the guest list is. And just look at the presentations that are being submitted. So if it's a community conference, the presentations are going to be presentation titles, at least are going to be a lot more funny, I find. So community and commercial tend to be, like I said, a lot more laid back. Academic conferences are going to have a very formal sounding presentation title, usually. And then very formal presentation style because it is an academic conference. And then the diplomatic conferences are basically about cooperation and things like that. Most likely, if you're going to be submitting something, you're in the community commercial or possibly academic conference style. Those are the easiest by far to get into. Academic is a little bit harder because you do have to have that research behind you, either a full paper or a poster. But all of them have their own benefits depending on what you're trying to do with conferencing. Each of them attract a different type of researcher in the field. So workshops, a little bit different. Workshops are often ran with conferences. So in a conference, you might see like one or two days set aside for a specific type of workshop. But not always. Some workshops are just completely on their own. And the whole goal is to do something. And this is where we actually work on something. So workshops are a bunch of people coming together, either experts or just people with an interest and then they work on some paper or some standard or they're trying to achieve some sort of goal where a conference is very passive. You can go and just listen to the presentations and then maybe you learn something. Workshops, you're actually participating and contributing to whatever it is that they're working on. So how all of this works. Most conferences have a registration fee. It seems like the trend, at least during COVID, a lot of things went online and the online versions of the conferences tended to be free. I don't know if that's going to keep up or not, but whenever you do in-person conferences, they tend to have a registration fee. The registration fee usually is waived for accepted speakers. So especially for community and commercial conferences, if you're a speaker at the conference, most likely you get into the conference for free. Now it might not cover anything else. So you still might have, if you go there, you might have hotel, you have your travel costs and things like that, that won't be covered, but it will cover the conference registration fee, which is usually a couple hundred dollars at least. The exception to that and the reason that I say academic conferences are weird is because academic conferences, if you're accepted, then you have to pay more. So almost always, whenever you get your academic paper accepted to a conference and then you're going to present on it, then you actually get hit with more fees than if you're just going to attend. So academic conferences are kind of the backwards version of all this. So invited speakers are often paid. If the conference is asking you to come, even if you didn't submit a proposal, normally the incentive to do that is because you'll get your flights and hotel covered. You might not get a stipend. I know some conferences I've worked with offered like, you know, a three or $400 stipend to invited speakers, but they would also cover the flights and hotels, which is usually quite a lot. So it's good to be an invited speaker, but that's totally up to the conference. So the more presentations you get, the more likely you are to be an invited speaker in another conference, which is another good thing about presenting at conferences. You know, usually if you're speaking, at least you don't have to pay to join the conference because you are participating. All of that is true except for academic conferences where you will be paying for everything. So the way that you would get into the conference is to prepare a talk proposal or a paper, basically pick a conference that you're interested in, hopefully a little bit in advance. And then they will, you know, at the same time, pretty much every year have a call for proposals or a call for papers. If it's an academic conference, it's almost always a call for papers. You submit your paper, and then if the paper is accepted, then you do a presentation on that paper. Your presentation is at the conference, and then your paper is published to an academic journal. If it's a local conference, like a community conference, you prepare a talk proposal whenever they have their call for proposals, and you just submit it to the community and they either accept it or reject it. And that's pretty much it. Usually for community or commercial conferences, you just have to create like one paragraph description of what you're going to talk about whenever you give your proposal. For academic conferences, it usually has to be a little bit more. Normally presentations are 25 minutes, but I've also seen some conferences up to about 50 minutes. The entire slot is around 30 to 60 minutes. And then you have five to 10 minutes for questions. You should always leave a little bit of time for questions. And you also need to figure out your style. So whenever you're preparing your presentation, whatever it is, I recommend going through, for example, if you have slides, go through your slides and see if you are too fast or too slow. Most of the time, whenever people get into the conference, they've prepared for 25, they've prepared a 25 minute presentation, but then they will speak faster than they should. So then their 25 minute conference becomes 15 minutes. What you need to try to do is get used to pacing yourself, go through your conference notes, your presentation and make sure that you're actually hitting about 25 minutes and then have a little bit more on top of that just in case you went too quickly because people do tend to speak faster whenever they're in person. Once you give your proposal, the proposal is reviewed by whatever the board is and you either get an accept, a reject or revise. Revise might be just based on the notes from the reviewers or you might have something called a shepherd that helps you to correct and meet your revisions and then signs off on your final version once it's finished.  If it's a reject, don't worry about it. Maybe your topic just didn't fit that conference's needs. It's not that it's a bad topic. It just might have been a little bit outside of the scope of what they're trying to achieve and a lot of the conferences I've worked on, they get a lot of submissions. So we end up having to reject sometimes up to 75% of the proposals. So don't feel bad if you get a reject from a conference. Just even take that same concept, propose it somewhere else. And if you keep using the same concept and getting rejected, you might take a look at what conferences you're submitting it to. If the conference is really specifically about honeypots, then it might not make sense to submit a reverse engineering proposal to a honeypot conference. There's kind of a linkage there, but maybe that's not what they're focused on. So you might instead go to something like digital forensics that might be interested in reverse engineering. So some tips for this. First off, understand your audience. A lot of people give presentations at conferences and just don't understand their audience at all, especially with academic conferences. They really talk about what's in their paper and they don't give the audience enough context to know really what's going on. And they also don't make presentations very entertaining, a little bit of entertainment. You don't want to be a joker up on stage, but making the presentation as entertaining as possible will really help you to stand out and keep people interested. Another thing is what is basic to you is new to other people. No matter what you're talking about, you do have something to contribute, right? So everyone has something to contribute. You might not be the most cutting edge research in the world, but it's still interesting to some people, and especially in digital forensics, what we're interested in is just understanding a new concept, for example. So if you look at some really basic data structure of a new program that's out, that's going to be immediately useful to investigators. So don't think, oh, this is a very simple piece of research that I did. Nobody's interested in this data structure. That's not true. A lot of people will be interested in it, and it might be immediately practical and usable for investigators. So if something is basic to you, it's going to be new to other people. So just, if you think it's interesting, try to propose it as a talk. It's very likely to be accepted, especially in a community conference. And then post your presentation online, on your blog, whatever it is. So usually you have presentation slides, notes, whatever it is. Post them on your blog in some sort of searchable format like PDF, and then write a blog post about your presentation. So talk about what you actually did in the conference. First off, it'll bring more people to you. People can see that you're actually giving talks about a specific topic in conferences, and then that'll bring more people to you about that topic. So then people can follow up, people can learn more, and people who didn't join the conference can also learn about whatever your topic is. So post your presentation, and then I also recommend you write a blog post about what you did at the conference and your presentation summary. And also ask the conference organizers might have funding for students, law enforcement, or military, or might be able to give discounts. So if, especially if you can show that you don't have the money for, you know, travel in hotels or something like that, they might be able to waive the conference fees. Now everything else might be on you, but at least you can kind of get a reduction in that. It's always worth it to ask and see if they have any of these discounts. If you're working for, you know, a for-profit company, you're probably not going to get one of the discounts, but if you are, especially students, but sometimes law enforcement, military, you might get a discount. So it's always worth it to ask, you never know. Some big tips because conferences are for meeting people. The whole goal is to talk to as many people as possible. And whenever I say that people are like, ah, but I hate talking to people, especially after COVID. People haven't been talking and they're kind of still, you know, socially awkward and shy. All I can say is that if you're doing an in-person conference, most of the reason you're there is to try to meet people and just understand who they are and what they're doing. So if you're shy, try to find a friend before going that can introduce you to other people. So find somebody who's already in the community who already knows these people and then ask them, like if you know that they're going to the conference, maybe they've posted on Twitter saying, oh, I'm going to this conference, I'll see you there. If you're also going to that conference, write to them and say, hey, I'm new in this area. I've never been to this conference before. I see you on Twitter all the time. Can we meet and you can like show me and introduce me to people and show me how to like work with this community? That's what you want to do. Try to find somebody who will help you basically get in with all these people. And I've seen a couple people in information security, but a lot of people in digital forensics that if you just go up to them and say, oh, I've seen you online. Can you introduce me to people? I don't know where to begin. A lot of people will help you. I think the digital forensics community is very, very helpful in that way. Just approach somebody who you've basically seen on Twitter or wherever and they'll definitely take you around. And if you see me at a conference, come up to me and I'll take you around and introduce you to anyone I can.  Don't be sexist. Don't be creepy. Like all of these different things. Now being socially awkward is totally normal, but there are definitely boundaries.   People aren't going to want to work with you.   And that goes for being pushy. So a lot of people you meet at the conference will, they have their full-time jobs and things like that.  People will definitely help you, but up to a certain point. So don't take advantage of the community's kindness. So that was a little bit about conferences and workshops. I hope this information was interesting for you, especially if you are trying to get into these conferences and workshops. Leave a comment down below. If you have any questions, I'll try to answer them. I'll also post links below about some conferences and workshops that I know I'm going to be attending this year. So go check those out. And if you see me at any conference, come up and talk to me, and I will give you some free digital forensic science stickers. So that's it for today. Thank you very much.


Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847, to Samuel N. Nancy Edison, who fled to the US for rebellion against the British government. Edison was the last child of seven children, and he was a curious child who tried different things that got him into trouble often. His teachers couldn't handle his many inquisitive questions and so, only a few months in school, he was withdrawn and his mother homeschooled him. Edison spent time reading many scientific textbooks and his curiosity and love for experimenting with things around him was all the more fueled. One big challenge Thomas had was a hearing impairment due to scarlet fever and infection. He eventually got a college education at a private college in the 19th century, known as the Cooper Union. In spite of his very eventful and challenging childhood and failing several times, working on his inventions, Thomas Edison built a lab at the Mellon Park, where he worked with his over 50-member staff and kept on experimenting. Thomas went on to invent over 1,000 patents. The world owes the availability of electricity bulbs to Thomas Edison and he is celebrated as one of the greatest inventors in the history of mankind. Today, so many young people complain about one thing or the other. Everybody has a devil who is keeping him poor. Everybody has someone to be blamed for their failures. But the truth is, you own yourself everything. Your teachers may not believe in you. Your friends may not believe in you or even your parents. As long as you believe in yourself, you'll wake up every day to day life, try things, make mistakes and move forward one step at a time. Roy T. Bennett said in a quote, you are braver than you think, more talented than you know and capable of more than you imagine. The problem with most of us is that we allow other people's opinions to become a testament to our life. If you want to achieve greatness, you'll have to change that. But you'll ask me, okay, how do I start or where can I start? Let me remind you about what Francis of Assisi said. Start doing what's necessary, then do what's possible and suddenly you are doing the impossible.  Look for ways to take the first step, then the second one and the third. Wake up every day to do something about your dream and ignore the naysayers. One day, you'll look back and wonder how fast the journey is. Thomas Edison said, if we did all the things we are capable of, we will astound ourselves. George Bennett sure wrote an I quote, people are always blaming their circumstances for what they are. I don't believe in circumstances. The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances they want. And if they can't find them, make them.  Thank you very much for watching our videos. We'll like to give you another interesting video for you to enjoy next but before then, our team will be very happy if you could like this video and share it with your friends on social media. If you're new here, don't forget to subscribe so you won't miss other interesting videos like this. Look at your screen now to see two other videos we handpicked for you to enjoy next. We love you.


Welcome back to the channel everybody started off with a little fire and we'll get to that in just a second But first of all I have to thank all of you that showed up to the Guggen squad HQ meetup over the weekend The biggest turnout we've ever had for a meetup and it wasn't just meetup It was really an all-day hangout for us and really just celebrating opening the HQ and the store So thank you for coming. We enjoyed getting to hang out with you And there's gonna be a lot more to come from that place as you can imagine So I'll link the Guggen squad channel down below a lot of new videos coming out of that place and The store is officially opening for business now.  I don't I can't tell you how many times I heard the word dangle at the meetup, of course It's a it's a big part of this channel. We we dangle all the time So now we got merch available easily dangle. I'll be doing a few more of these as well So look out for them. It's gonna be linked down below So go get you some dangle merch if you've paid attention to this channel for any period of time You probably noticed when I go fishing I almost always wear a belt knife and it's usually this one right here This is my my Mora sheath. I use a stainless steel knife while I'm out there It doesn't rust and I just keep it sharp keep it ready.  Just clip it right out. You're good to go big shout out to Brandon He's a man of God. He is also a man that knows how to make sheets I got a lot of respect for people that that do quality work with with their hands A lot of you reach out to me that do woodwork to do metal work Just all sorts of like crafting welding. This was especially awesome Brandon contacted me said man I've been watching all your videos. I see that you've got, you know a knife a belt knife all the time I make custom special knife sheets and you got to get rid of the one you got and let me make you some so Here is what Brandon made me now this everybody is a knife sheath Not just a knife sheath, but also a plier sheath combo and it has been with me since April on Just about every single fishing trip that I've been on you've probably seen it in some of the videos with me when I comment in Pounder when I've been crappie fishing a ton of trips and I've been using it But I haven't talked about it until now Brandon's company is called Red Rhino Customs And he makes sheaths for just about any kind of knife mostly hunting and fishing knives But this is the first one that he's done as a plier combo So I was honored to be his his first First outdoorsman to get one of these the great thing about these is they are the kydax material Which is you commonly see that in gun holsters. It's a it's a really light But rigid material allows you to clip whatever in there mold it to it And then it's it's not gonna come out You got to just put pressure on it to pull it and then when you push it back in that click That's what locks it in, you know, it's in there and it's not gonna Gonna pop out of the sheath so really durable thing that I was concerned about Was the weight like putting pliers and a knife on the same on the same unit So what he did here? He created a small little Piggyback for this set of pliers and I got a a set of pliers that they're kind of pricey But I thought they would just be perfect and they are for this. This is like a pair of a trout to Small fish like I it's perfect for bass and things like that if I was getting in the catfish stripers it might be a little too small, but These are made by a company called cheeky. They ran about a hundred bucks. Actually, they're kind of expensive But they come on this this little doodler here and you put them right in there and Brandon molded that So that those specific pliers would fit right in there and Brandon just does a really good job on the craftsmanship of these I don't know how many people make these these kinds of sheaths, but he takes Extreme detail. I've talked to him on the phone probably five or six times about each individual sheath and he got it Perfect, so he didn't stop until he got exactly everything that I wanted and Man, I just kind of let him turn loose with this one because this is the first one he's ever made I said, hey, this is kind of what I want But you do your thing and he did the other thing. That's really nice. It comes with a premium leather Dangler, this is actually called a dangler and not even making that up. I heard that I was like, well, perfect Yeah, the dangler and then it's got this nice big metal ring here So when I'm out on the water, I usually I'm wearing like longer pants and wear the belt I'll put it on there and it's just right there on the side. Wah-bam. Let me just get y'all in here on this quality craftsmanship Wah-bam I don't know how long these things will last but they just they look like they'll They'll be with me for a long time unless I lose them. See that see how that kydex works right there just locks in God y'all it just it feels perfect. It is light years better than those other sheaths now This is the one I use the most obviously because fish a lot But there's some other hunting ones and camping ones that he made too. I want to show you those inside Now that we're here the fish game we can take a closer gander at these combos So each knife has a purpose, you know and these sheaths also have a purpose So really the three the only three that I could ever imagine me Needing or a camping one a pitching one and then a a hunting one slash Just kind of like a general outdoor Use sheath and the camping one is awesome. I love the way all these came out mostly black It has as green on the top and this is inside of here is my more black really like Scandi grind knives for Camping and sometimes hunting. They're just really easy to sharpen while you're out there for me anyway Just the way that the Scandinavian grind is You can just look at it and see the see the line you need to sharpen on easier over here. I've got a Flashlight that holds right in to the side of the kydex. So that's custom done there and this flashlight is It's literally just a $20 flashlight. It's made made by o-light. It's their 3 3t Just takes a one triple a battery and I like this one because you can clip it onto your cap as well Wabam and then you're good. I actually use this in New Zealand then on the other side We have our furicium rod and it's got like carbon fiber look to it on the accessories in the back Like it's a two-tone looks good and all you do without you pull it out you take the flat side of your knife and Then you run it across there and sparks will come out and that helps you to start a fire also a pouch On top of here. So you can pull this out. This is like a canister where you can keep You know tinder in there. You can keep first aid. You can keep an extra battery for the flashlight I've got some matches and cotton a little fire strike and Some like little bandages first aid stuff even put my LFG logo right on there. I thought that was really awesome So that's called the mega pouch and that goes right on to the knife So that whole package just sits there and you can take that off if you want to the hunting sheath or just the general outdoor sheath This is a piggyback combo as well. I've got this taken off right now. This was the knife I used in New Zealand But the the main knife sheath itself. It's got a really cool Camo pattern on there. I can't remember the actual name of that pattern But he showed it to me. I just thought that was really cool. This is my se6 So six inch knife and it also has a little bit of orange Inside of the grip there. So it matches perfectly with that. This is like a you know general purpose all-around knife You can you know use it to chop wood branches beat it up It's actually light enough or I like to use it just for for small tasks, too And then there's a sharpener built into the side this is a Gatko Sceptre it has a little sharpener system here that you run the knife through I would never use that on a knife. I Don't do that that takes a lot of metal off your knife, but what it is awesome for for making sparks Is there's another Freesium rod right there or ferrule rod? I can't remember what the name is you take that and you run that through that sharpener Big sparks come out of it So you have a diamond plated sharpener right there that you could sharpen your blade with that screws into there It's just a you know all-in-one system a lot of weight though a lot of weight You're gonna carry around with this thing and then a piggybacks I want to hear with another Olight flashlight mount That actually goes on the side of this right here. I just kind of out rigged this for you know hunting like skinning animals This is a siazula, too, which is a good little skinning knife. It's super lightweight. I took the The handle off of it and wrapped it in Paracord so you could take that off and use it, but I actually like to feel the paracord and it fits in there perfectly The way he molds these so that they sit in those those grooves is just perfect. He gets it right Those are my three Amazing knife sheets now, and I also have a rack that's on the wall for for all my other knives and everything And I'm probably gonna reach out To Brandon at Red Rhino for some more in the future Maybe for like a filet knife or or something like that because I love them so much They're almost like collectibles to like these are literally things that I'll pass on to my kids If y'all want to get your hands on one of these sheets, obviously you can't just pick them up They're custom made they take a little bit of time, but Brandon walks you through everything make sure that you're gonna get it Right. I would highly recommend if you're a fisherman going with one of these combos right here It'd make a really cool special gift to somebody too And you don't have to get the like real expensive plier like I did I just wanted to go as light as possible There's there's a lot of other cheaper plier options that you could do And he'll custom make it around that. So that's what's really cool his business Red Rhino custom is linked Down below if you want to go check out the Instagram page or the website just kind of browse around and kind of get an idea and It also helps helps him spend more time at his at his church This is a side business Church comes first, but he's a pastor over there. So all right. That's all we got for today Thank you for hanging with me here in the fish cave and talking about some knife lary And if y'all want to check out the links down below for the new dangle merch the I just kind of went around in circles There I was just keep a PG. Obviously go check out the cool sheets over at Red Rhino customs And if you want to check out new Guggen HQ, I'll have it linked down below as well We have a bragboard set up in there right now. So if you caught some Mondos on some Guggen Bates make the board We've already got some eights nines. We I don't think we have a full 10 yet There's one that's close up there But if you come into the store, you might see myself and Rob or any of the other guys in there Occasionally and just hang out, you know, put your picture up on the bragboard Take a selfie with Gary do whatever we made this for you and for us to go create content up there So thank y'all for tuning in today. I love you. Make sure to subscribe right here to the channel So you don't miss a single dangle and I'll see you


You can help a child develop their skills at recognizing letters by doing a letter hunt. You can do this whenever you see printed words. You might ask the child, I see a word that starts with M. Can you find it? And the child can find the letter. Or you could ask, I see the letter B. Where is it? You also can encourage the child to choose a letter and you can try to find it. This activity will strengthen their ability to recognize the letters of the alphabet.


This is stock number 70446A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your Ram headquarters. Checking out this super clean 2012 Ram 1500 crew cab short box, half ton truck. This truck has the 5.7 liter V8 Hemi motor. From this HD video, you'll be able to tell that this truck is extremely clean all the way around. No dents or dings in the front bumper. Top balance is very clean. Has factory fog lights. Has the 20 inch painted alloy rims. This rim is in excellent condition. No scuffs or scrapes on it. And it has brand new Goodyear Wrangler, SRA 27560R20 tires all the way around. We put these on in our safety inspection. Brand new tires all the way around. Black clear coat is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device, turn them on now because it's like you're right here looking at the truck with me. Passenger side rim. Very clean as well. No scuffs or scrapes on that. And it does have brand new tires on this side as well. And as you go down this side of the truck, you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and glass-like that paint is and mirror-like. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, you can still see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so that you can make a smart buying decision. Make that decision to make the trip or buy that plane ticket. We sell out of state just about every day so you can have the confidence that you're dealing with the right people and the right vehicle. Back tires are brand new as well. Looks like rear brakes are pretty new too. Frame and underbody on this truck is an excellent condition. All the lower rockers are in really nice shape. That's what you want to see on a truck from 2012. Didn't see one single dent or ding down this side of the truck. Rear bumper is an excellent condition has the dual rear exhaust, full towing package which includes the receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring. The tailgate is an absolutely perfect condition as well and it does have a locking tailgate. This one comes with an access soft roll up tonneau cover. It is a tonneau sport edition which gives it the low profile. Didn't see any rips or tears on it. Nice condition has a line-ex spray and bed liner. If you know anything about bed liners line-ex is usually one of the preferred top of the line bed liners out there and as you go down this side of the truck just as clean as the passenger side for good measures this tire is brand new as well and this back rim is in pretty nice shape too. But down this side very very glass like very clean. Didn't see any dents or dings down this side of the truck either. The bed is in really nice shape inside the bighorn package gives you the gray cloth interior. There are no rips or tears in these seats. This truck smells very clean inside has factory floor mats throughout. Carpeting is really nice and clean underneath. This one has auto headlamps, power windows, power locks and power mirrors. Take a look inside here. You can see that this truck does have 46,826 miles. Has a CD player, has serious satellite radio capabilities. Turndile four-wheel drive and it does have an aux jack on there as well. A 115 volt 150 watt plug-in. Carpeting is very clean. This truck smells very clean. I don't think it's ever been smoked in. Passenger seat is an excellent condition has side curtain airbags and has the power sliding rear window. Cruise controls and controls for your information center up there. Of course you get your compass temperature and mileage display. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we will check out under the hood. So the crew cab gives you a ton of room back here. There are no rips or tears in these seats either. Power sliding rear window has the latch child safety system. No rips or tears. Has a storage container on this side and the other side as well. So you can put ice and drinks in there and then that bin is removable. Storage area under the seats as well. Very clean truck inside and out. I would highly recommend it from a condition and quality standpoint. Four brand new tires on it. Looks like new brakes as well or fairly new brakes. Didn't see it. Any dents or dings on the truck. Engine bay is very clean. Runs very smooth. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. Has gone through 130 point inspection. Passed with flying colors. Four brand new tires and this one is all ready to go. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 400 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, you name it we got it.  Videos of every single used vehicle that we have all at summitauto.com. Thanks for checking out the video. If you like this one want to make it yours. Give us a call right now<PHONE_NUMBER>. Ask for one of our sales associates to make this truck yours today. Once again that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Thanks for checking out my video. If you want to check out more videos like it go to our YouTube channel which is youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share. In fact in a second you'll see a subscription button link on your left. On the right a link to more half-toned truck videos like this one. If you haven't been to our website on the bottom a link to this truck on our website click those check us out. See what we're all about and we look forward to helping you with this super clean 2012 Ram 1500 Crew Cab Short Box Hemi. Thanks again.


Hey guys, it's Nate, aka The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. The market in FIFA 23 is crashing again and it is legit mudded. And this time it just hurts because we are losing a lot of coins. I know a lot of you guys are losing a lot of coins because this was completely unexpected. Based off what we thought this warm-up series promo for the World Cup was going to look like, EA did the exact opposite. While they didn't drop content in packs, there was a new pack added to the store, a 100,000 coin pack, Season 1 review. I don't even remember seeing this added to the code, but people are buying that pack. There was a pack supply SBC yesterday that maybe supplied some of the gold cards. There was two decent value player of the months and a really good value end of an era card released via SBCs and it just is all making everything right now. Combined with the lack of weakened league demand and lack of buying teams demand, because we're getting close to the World Cup promo, because there's no content this weekend and because the team week is not good, all of that craziness is just coming at a forefront and coming to a point right now where everything is literally just dying on the market and I don't think it's done. So we're going to talk about that today in the video and of course, count our losses, right? I mean it sucks, but here's the thing I'll have to say and I'm keeping it positive because A, you're going to lose coins in this game. If you're trying to make coins and you're buying cards, there's going to be times like this where things don't end up making sense and they don't go to planned and we lose coins. But we always bounce back, we bounce back further and we will make these coins back. Yes, I'm disappointed. I'm sad because I lost like 500k, 600,000 coins in the past day because of everything that's moved, but we'll make it back. Don't you worry. So without further ado, if you're enjoying the videos, hit the thumbs up, subscribe if you're new. I'm going to look at some graphs on the footbin machine and just take a look at some of these cards that are just down crazy, crazy amounts. Of course, these cards right here are what are losing people so many coins. If you're losing coins, you're not alone. If you didn't lose coins yesterday, you're like in the minority because I really think that myself, a lot of people on Twitter that I've seen were just so heavily invested in seeing and hoping that these cards would go up a little bit out of packs because this weekend seemed like it was going to be a non-10 weekend. But look at Parasich from 140,000 coins all the way down to 104. I sold mine at 110 when he kind of had a slight bounce back. That is how basically all of these out of position players are or 77 for Cancelo. There's no way some of these guys drops have been so extreme and so crazy that one thing I'm going to talk about a little bit later in the video is trading with these drops. You went from 520 up to 560. All right, I'm going to keep an eye on that Cancelo because there are going to be opportunities to trade in the panic selling today. Fred's 100K. Goodness gracious. All these prices are just disgusting to look at and it's not just the out of position cards. It's gold cards. Look at Ronaldo 343 and Bob is down over 100K. Holland is 70,000 coins. Ben Tancor's Inform who is 100K yesterday is 38K. Wow. It is absolute bloodbath. The market is so mud right now. It's ridiculous and it's painful, but it's also like unbelievable to see at the same time and that's why I'm kind of like laughing about it. It just seems crazy, but it's happening everywhere, right? You're out of packs cards. I haven't looked at heroes, but I bet heroes are down a lot too. And again, there's just so many factors that come into making this market crash what it is right now and that's what I want to continue to break down. But of course you guys see these prices. We've lost some coins. Number one thing is I think it goes down further because that also what we're going to talk about in a second is that lack of a week in league demand. And that's I'm going to talk about that first action. That's the first equation of what is going on in this game right now as to why we have a true market crash. We have a lack of a week in league demand and think about it. If people are not really excited or hyped to go out and play week in league or to play the game and to buy week in league teams and especially with the World Cup promo that is on the horizon that people are continuing to talk about and you're continuing to see EA tweet about it. We just got back from being in London and we're recording about it and stuff and that's just where all the hype is at the moment. That's going to not make people want to have tradable cards in their team as they prepare for what could be some insane World Cup content. And that's the driving factor behind a lot of the prices continuing to fall and why I think they're going to fall further a day. So like you saw me do with some out of position cards if you see a bounce back I think it's a great opportunity to take the cash on some of those. Again I'm losing about what 17K per Reese James card actually a little bit less than that. Parasit was the big loss though. So all these are like 109, 110. I bought them for 137 and then I'm not selling my cancello for 470. I refuse because it would be way too cheap if I sold them for 470 at least for right now in my opinion. But for all the rest of the market with what's going on I really think that this store pack has a lot of impact on why the market's dropping as well because a lot of people go and they gamble on this with coins man and like seriously I was when I started the video I was over here looking on the footscoreboard page. I don't remember seeing this pack added to the code. I like this pack would not just slip through the cracks and maybe it was when I was gone or something but if I did saw this and I didn't talk about it I would be very remissed a player from OTW road to the knockouts rule breakers and rare golds all items untradable. Yes I know it's an untradable pack but still a pack of this caliber when you look at the pack percentages like oh man Nate I have a pretty high percentage chance here of getting a couple special cards. People go and gamble on this whether it's with fever points or with coins. A lot of people do do it with coins and since it's untradable you're not getting any coin value back. So this pack is going to drain value from the market because a lot of people open the stuff with coins. I know some of you guys may not believe they do but people do. And then also at the same time yesterday let's say you're like building a market crash proof team you're going to get some untradable cards. EA dropped two fantastic value SBCs to try and out some fun new cards Higuayan and Argentinian striker end of an era first card we have had as an end of an era this year four star four star really good looking card not the best of links but fun I want to do that card for sure. And then Gokpo is actually meta right I believe he's four star four star as well high medium we already have some W heritage cards that are in the game that you can link him to and they're both really really cheap. Now Levandoski is not that cheap 92 rated decent not super insane but just all three of these with that pack in the store and the weak only demand not being there is really what is hurting the market right now and you're like Nate what about some of the gold cards and packs well yes we did have a little bit of pack supply yesterday but like what was that a small prime Electrum that's not that much pack supply but when people start to decide that they're going to sell cards and when there is when the market crash mindset really hits there's no stopping it like it is going to be bad and it's going to get tough and that's what you're seeing right now with the market it's just constant undercutting constant hours of selling and of panic and I mean again like the reason I look at this cancello and I think that he's too cheap is because you know he was 550 K yesterday before these prices all started to die and now he is down he's 470 like guys some of these prices and this is what I want to talk about a little bit towards the end is you're going to see panic selling amounts that are too big too much and those rare cards are going to bounce back so we've lost a lot of coins but we're going to look to make back some of those coins right away with the potential flips and movements on panic sells panic sold cards on this market but again I know it's like Nate you don't want to look at these price graphs because it's all just down down down you know some people might have said that part of the market crash yesterday could have been because of the roads the knockout upgrades that were put out and I saw those upgrades right before I got in the plane yesterday and they look really really nice I do agree but are people really going out and buying a lot of these cards like Messi is 1.6 he's only one of the he's one of the only ones that has kept his price really really well some of the other middle to lower tier ones have done decent too but like Bavar de is down Bamiang is down Foden is down a lot 280K but again a lot of these prices I think really crashed with the rest of the market going down yesterday and if we wouldn't have had this market crash yesterday or on the whole market I don't know if all of these road to the knockouts would have gone down as much I just think that the whole market crash in general is pulling everything down except for a couple of these guys that are maintaining their prices decently well but only a few of those are doing that but everywhere you look I mean Holland 500K like what like that's crazy I mean it just sucks guys let's be honest let's not beat around the bush it sucks it sucks to lose coins it's painful and it feels like all the hard work that you have been working on to make sure that you can have coins and do fun things in this game it's like just it gets thrown out the window is what it feels like and it really really does suck and I 100% understand where that thought process is coming from so if you lost coins yesterday maybe this is my pep talk for you like try to forget about it as fast as you can because just as quickly as you lost coins we can make them back maybe not like in one day but we're going to be able to make those coins back because EA is still going to be dropping content in this game and we know that a lot of the times where we're expecting market movements to happen and they actually do happen where we call things correctly right but that's the that's the hardest part about this market and that's why you know we even have this conversation every day on YouTube like we have is because there is an element of surprise every single day on this game yes we have leaks and yes we think that we know what's going to happen every single day but it's days like yesterday and weekends like this weekend that really enforced that we don't that EA is ultimately still in control of this game and in control of the content they release and can do anything like this at any time when they want to and make the market drop a lot so a couple quick things about content yesterday as well before we talk a bit more is look into these gold upgrade objectives make sure you do them it's an 83 plus gold rare player pack I mean it's not much but it's something to do and then the nation's dynamic dual I this is okay okay yeah it's just okay Espinoe and Stu Wani are in here Stu Wani yeah Espino looks like the one that you would maybe do if you needed like a La Liga left back but it doesn't look that absolutely insane either but that's kind of you know the content again like I was saying the content besides a couple of those SBC players and the store the pack in the store was not that great like Stu Wani and Espino and then like Levandosky if that would have been all that dropped yesterday on Friday I think we'd be having a completely different video today right now on Saturday but the Higuain the Gacpo and the store pack really made things get pretty crazy so let's talk about the market a little bit more though and especially on some of these rare cards like I was just looking at Yaya Touray I want to look at some of these rare cards because I think there's potential to flip them today in the panic-tailing drop-offs as I do expect cards to drop further the rare ones do have potential to bounce back and actually I have to be honest when we have market crashes this is one of my favorite ways to trade because you continue to see here that Yaya Touray continues to get undercut more and more and it's basically the same thing that we had with the Joao Cancelo as well he just keeps going down even though he had a little bit of a bounce earlier he was down to 520k bounced up to 570 and is now down at 475 like guys that's that's an 8% drop just today alone right the graph starts today so from 515 down to 475 if I see a Joao Cancelo like 450 I mean obviously you have to time these flips very carefully but that might be a price that's way too cheap and again I'm going to look at a card that is very rare that is a card that is more expensive probably as well because your rarity usually combines with their price okay so look at this Mohammed Salah 1.08 he went back up 100k right now again he's 1.08 I think that I would want him to go lower before I would try to buy him again but that's the kind of thing you can look at today with more panic selling almost guaranteed I would be shocked if the market really rebounded a lot today because again think about the basis of what we have that's going on here right the lack of demand if we have a lack of demand and no supply then you know cards are probably just going to continue to go down as people are selling their teams as they're finishing the week in late for those that are playing and if there really is a lack of demand and nobody else is going to buy then the cards are just going to continue to get undercut and they're going to go lower and lower yeah okay perfect example is yeah I got to rate he's down 100,000 coins right now if I see this card like 1.0 I don't even know what is he right now 1.06 if I saw him at like 1.05 I would get very interested 1.04 maybe there was a few of them listed here ooh 1.026 right this is the kind of thing we do too look at the bids the bids during a big sell-off and during a panic sell are incredible for the short term flips now again let me stress that right short term flip it's got to be a very short flip I'm talking just like you saw here with the salad that bounced up or when Cancelo bounced back earlier the graphs are going to look like this again today on Saturday you're going to it's going to look like this right here you're going to go down down down hit a low point and then boom a quick spike and then down back to where they were and maybe even lower that's why I'm saying I want to see Salah like 1.04 or 5 or something like that before I would want to buy him again or like I'm going to buy Cancelo or yeah to rate even cheaper than what they're at right now because of course I'm expecting their prices to drop further into today but again it's all about the quick sell prices about the quick flip that is the key for this stuff I like heroes for a quick flip I like icons I like the out of position cards I even like some of the meta gold cards right I mean Ronaldo is 343 that is an incredible 340 he actually you know how low is too low for a gold Ronaldo right yesterday was 400k went down to 360 back to 390 right this is when it was optimal sell time like an hour and a half or two hours after content some of the panic selling kind of rebounded back and now it's just going lower and lower and lower so like if I saw Ronaldo man I might have to see like 320 but that to me to be like okay there's going to be some panic selling in the early hours today on Saturday and there will be some bounce back just because that's what happens when there's panic selling like this so watch out for those trading opportunities today on the game content wise today I yeah I don't believe we have any leaks but as EA said and as we talked about in yesterday's video I still think there's a very minuscule chance that we could get another out of position player sbc but I would assume that we would get a leak for that before it would be dropped so we have Zenchenko Higway and Lewandowski and Gakpo in the last two days that's four sbcs in the last two days maybe they take a break from that today maybe we get those objectives for or sbcs for those specific packs that are like Brazil what was it Brazil Argentina and Spain and then Germany England and France those are like the nation guaranteed packs I don't know if those are already out or not I may have missed them but probably some more warm-up series objectives which by the way EA and I mean I haven't even covered this yet the content yesterday was delayed if you've a direct they delayed the content yesterday said some of the FIFA World Cup warm-up series content has been delayed will provide an update when it's available and then they released it was like two hours late so I don't know what the deal was with that hopefully it does not happen again today but we don't like the delayed promos right we didn't get an official loading screen for anything but so that's not like they guarantee this a drop time and they fail on us but almost rose to 6pm UK that's when you should drop the content but anyways I'm not expecting a huge date today on Saturday I really just expect more prices dropping today more pain more coins to be lost for a lot of people on this market and we're just gonna have to keep watching this throughout the weekend to see where the low point is because if you guys this is really starting to feel like if it keeps going down today what it's going to start to remind me of is a Black Friday market crash type of vibe and we kind of thought that we might have a crash earlier this year because of the World Cup mode and all that stuff the content looks insane but usually the lowest point for some cards before Black Friday every single year was the weekend before Black Friday actually dropped so all the panic was so centralized early on that then stuff afterwards just went up because then everybody sold okay when's the market crash coming but the market crash actually is when everybody is selling and then everybody goes and tries to buy but prices don't go down any further on the actual weekend they just start to go up because people get coins they start buying so that's something to keep in mind as we head into this weekend as well is to watch I mean guys if you see 50% drop-offs on some of these card prices like let's say let's say Erling Holland hits like 50k today or maybe even like 55k like that's ridiculous he was a 100,000 coin card and that's a crazy price drop on him but again I will give a word of warning with the gold cards especially if it's a gold card that is playing in the World Cup I know Holland is not a good example of this but those red versions those World Cup red cards the limited ones I think those are coming out with the World Cup stuff next week so you know a player like I almost said Chris Ronaldo well he'll get one I was thinking Champions League for a second so Ronaldo will get a red World Cup card that's going to be in packs alongside of his gold so it's just like the UCLs or so we understand it now and I think that gold cards are going to take even more of a beating next weekend and even throughout the rest of this week because of those cards that are going to come on the market now maybe not for Holland because he's not going to get a World Cup card but for most of these guys that are in people's teams De Bruyne, Mendy, Dyke, Mbappe, Vinny like those guys are going to be in their nation's squads for the World Cup or at least the preliminary squads so you're probably going to see them get that World Cup item and their prices are going to drop so that's one thing that we have to look out for this week as well is another gold card version coming onto the game that's going to make less demand for the gold card because people see a red for Shannon Ronaldo and like, yeah man I would rather use a red Ronaldo with the World Cup branding on it in the middle of this World Cup promo instead of just a gold Ronaldo so that's kind of the thought process with golds is be very careful, be very careful with anything in the stage of the market right now and again we're going to start to plan and to see where can we maybe make some quick flips today if you want to try to train in the market like that or still guys I want to look at fodder for a second too because how is fodder looking low, wow, yes very low but again I don't think EA is done with any sort of like gamble pack SBC before the World Cup promo starts I really feel like Monday we could still get some sort of icon team of the week or hero upgrade that can make some of these go up so we're going to keep a close eye on this stuff throughout the weekend as well if you want to make a cheeky investment maybe hop on some bids I bet this stuff was really low yesterday at the content 21k for Bernardo Silva, yeah so these guys were up a little bit now they're down some maybe if you catch a couple on bid and then you save it until Monday you might be able to make some coins there but I know guys it's tough we're losing some coins and honestly again like I said the part that hurts the most is just that it was so unexpected and it's just painful in that way it really is when something hits you blindside it's painful and it sucks so you know we're going to have to bounce back though that's the mindset we have to have we can't just fall over and be like nah man this game sucks and I'm done with it we got to bounce back and that's exactly what we're going to do and we're going to flip some cards this weekend and we're going to make some coins back I'm excited to trade again especially being motivated after this crash but I have not traded very well in the past couple of weeks being busy and stuff and even being incredibly tired at the moment you know it's just been a lot going on so I haven't focused on trading and I'm looking forward to do a bit more of that in the next couple weeks because with this World Cup content is coming we're going to need coins to have fun and I want to make sure that I have plenty of coins and losing 600k today on these out of position cards does not help that so we're going to get past the losses we're going to make some coins back and we are going to have some fun in this World Cup content that is to come so if you enjoyed today's video smash the thumbs up on it comment below if you have any questions and subscribe if you're new it's been Nathan Foot Account and I'll catch you guys later peace out


Hey British fans, we miss y'all this year. We miss you guys this year. We miss you guys. We miss your energy and your passion, but we can feel it from afar. Hope to see you guys back here at Miller Park next year. It's just not the same without you guys. There's no better place to play baseball than here at Miller Park, and it's because of you guys. To the best fans of baseball, thanks for all the love and support this year. Thank you for all your support. We thank you all for your support. And we hope that all of you guys stay safe and stay healthy, all right? Thanks again, sending our love. Appreciate you guys.


Typical day, I'll pull up the report writing system in the car, so I'll look over, since I usually work till four, I'll look over and see any reports past four o'clock or up until eight o'clock in the morning when I get here to see if they involve any students or anything like that. See if I missed anything. I'll touch base with like the shift commander or the lieutenant and just ask them. They'll usually call me at home if any incidents occur with the students, but just in case I miss anything minor. So yeah, I pick up a cruiser and I head out to any school that I hadn't gotten to in the week. I'll check in with the principal, I'll do a couple laps around the school, poke my head into a couple classrooms, say hi, and then I'll usually pick a spot to go have lunch with students, or I'll spend lunch in the high school cafeteria. This was my goal from when I first started, because when I was here, I graduated here in 2004 and we didn't have a school resource officer until now he's a lieutenant, but Brian Gallagher started the school resource officer program here, so I missed that, but like when I first got on, I learned about the position and it was like really interesting to me because throughout my whole life I've worked with kids. That's beautiful. It looks like Elsa's castle. Uh-oh, there's too many, he's going to fall. Wow! Ah! Good work. Like I mentioned in the past that I have kindergarten through senior year in high school, so I'm trying to divide my time as best I can to spend time. I mean, it's obviously different conversations that I have with elementary students compared to high schoolers, but it's all fun. There's different ways to connect to each age group. Did you get all your applications out for school? I'm looking at a PG year, so that's not due until January, so I got some time to do that. Nice. What, like prep schools? Yeah, for soccer. That's my goal is like to play college and I don't know what to do. What school? Western Academy. Northview, about 100. Oh, nice. And then Loomis Chate. We should communicate. Yeah. My dad went to Kimball Union. Oh, yeah. Yeah. It's way up in Vermont. It was good and he asked me about how soccer was because I was wearing my soccer jersey and he said he wanted to come to our game, but he couldn't make it because he had a meeting, but that's just important because he wants to get out in the community and be with the students and be involved in the community as well. One I think is important for obviously safety reasons in the school, someone right there for in case anything happens, larger small, but also it's important to have a figure there who's with the kids, conform good relationships with the kids and is there for mentoring and educational purposes, especially in a hectic environment like a high school, for instance, where I think school resource officers, most needed, it has a big impact on the kids there who need help. My goal now is to be available and be visible in all the schools, let people know that I can be there for them when they need me and as far as the students go, let them know that, like, make them feel safe and make them feel like that they can talk to police about stuff that doesn't even have, obviously if they have stuff going on at home or they have, like, legal issues that they want to talk to me about, that's cool, but if they want to talk to me about anything, you know what I mean? Like, advice, like, be able to feel comfortable to approach any police officer. Hold on, hold on. My mom was scared because the door was open when we came home from school and my mom sat there with a bad guy in there. Oh yeah? Yeah, but actually it wasn't so I was... Did the police come to make sure there was no bad guy? Yeah, and they gave me a police sticker. Oh yeah? So you already have a police sticker? Yeah. You could probably use another one, all right? And he's also just a good figurehead to go to that is someone else besides a principal or a dean that most kids would just be afraid to talk to and he's just a really nice guy and a good resource to have.


Hi and welcome to the session. Let's work out the following question. The question says find the mean of the following Distribution now in the first column we have classes that is 4 to 8 8 to 12 12 to 16 And so on till 32 to 36 in the second column We have number of students that is for 4 to 8 class 2 8 to 12 12 and so on till 3 Let us start with the solution to this question Now we make a table like this in which the first column is for classes Second column is finding x i that is midpoint third column is finding number of student that is f i That is given to us in the question. Let me find out f i into x i So first of all the first class we have 4 to 8 Its midpoint will be 4 plus 8 divided by 2 that is equal to 6 number of students is given to be 2 So 6 into 2 that is f i x i is equal to 12 Similarly for second class we have 8 to 12 Midpoint is 8 plus 12 divided by 2 that is equal to 10 number of students is 12 So here we have 120 third class is 16 to 20 midpoint will be 16 plus 20 divided by 2 that is 18 number of students is given to be 25 so f i x i will be 450 Next class is 20 to 24 midpoint is 20 plus 24 divided by 2 that is equal to 22 Number of students is given to be 18 so f i x i is 396 the next class is 24 to 28 midpoint will be 24 plus 28 divided by 2 that is equal to 226 Number of students is 12 so f i x i will be 312 Next class is 28 to 32 Midpoint will be 28 plus 32 divided by 2 that is equal to 30 number of students is 13 So f i x i will be 390 now for the interval 32 to 36 It will be 32 plus 36 divided by 2 that is equal to 34 Number of students is 3 So f i x i will be 102 now here. We see that we have missed a class that is the class 12 to 16 so let us write it down in the last row that is 12 to 16 is 12 plus 16 divided by 2 that is equal to 14 Number of students is 15 so f i x i will be 210 now we see that Submission f i is equal to hundred and Submission of f i x i is equal to one nine nine two Therefore mean that is denoted by x bar is equal to Submission f i x i divided by submission f i simply put in the values here and we get 1,992 divided by 100 That is equal to 19.92 so this is our answer to this question I hope that you understood the solution and enjoyed the session. Have a good day


Okay, so our next speaker is Bart Oldman, and he's going to tell us about their setup at Compute Canada. Welcome. Thank you. So welcome everybody. My name is Bart Oldman, and I work as an HPC analyst at McGill HPC Center from McGill University, which is collaborating inside Canada and Calcule, Quebec, and then Compute Canada as basically the collaboration of all academic supercomputers in Canada. So what I'm going to present is how do we deal with software on our supercomputers? And we combine various technologies, software solutions that have been covered already before, particularly in Canada's talk. And they're all open source, so it fits really well in FOSTA and all these four things, CVMFest, Nix, Elmod, and EasyBuild, they're all present on GitHub actually. So what we're going to in Canada is a bit of an upheaval of our supercomputer infrastructure. It's kind of the motivation that we're moving from a system where pretty much every research university had their own little compute cluster, and some had bigger ones, to a more national setup where there are basically four bigger systems and one cloud system. And the four bigger systems, Simon Fraser University, Cedar University Waterloo in Ontario with Crayham, Niagara Arts University of Toronto, and a new system in Quebec, which is called Beluga. So just to give you an idea of the scale of the system, the Cedar system in Vancouver has about 900 compute nodes, going to be extended to 625 nodes and also about 500 TPUs. So that together gives about 30,000 total compute cores to work with. The Crayham cluster is quite similar, it has a few more compute cores, fewer TPUs, about 35,000. And the new system in Toronto will have 60,000 cores. So these are, in the HPC world, they're kind of, they're not top systems in terms of the top 500s. You won't find these in the top 10, but you will find these in the top 100 or somewhere. So what we're trying to present to our users is, when they log into one of these new clusters, they see a similar software environment. And because many of these new systems are actually pretty much every supercomputer in the world is running Linux by now. So you'd think, OK, well, they're all running Linux or they get a similar interface. Well, in practice, that's not the case. Whenever you go to another supercomputer, you'll find that there are very many minor differences in how to operate them. They're not very portable between each other. So we're trying to avoid that by distributing the software that's used on our clusters. And combining four different solutions. One is a distributed file system called CVMFS. One is a package manager called Nix to try to have some base software setup that's independent of the underlying Linux distribution. And we have easy build to install scientific packages. And then there's something called a module tool, Lmod. So I'll get to in a minute. So the background is really, if you log into an HPC cluster, you will find that it's run some typically in almost all cases, an enterprise Linux distribution. And in most cases, that's either CentOS or Red Hat Enterprise. Sometimes you may see a Susie cluster, even Rare is in the Ubuntu cluster, but they typically don't run Fedora. And one of the troubles with that is that they tend to be relative dinosaurs in the open source world. There are very many clusters who run Red Hat 6, which has a 2.6 Linux kernel, Tc4.4, Tlipc2.12, Python 2.6.  But that's just the way they work. It's for mostly for vendor support. Fenders will say, I have a driver for this particular system and they typically include all the enterprise distributions. And also Fedora has two new releases a year. You don't want to upgrade your OS on the cluster twice a year. It's just way too much work. So nowadays, production clusters of a couple years old, they tend to have 6. The newer ones tend to have 7. But users, some of which may run Linux at home or at their office, want something newer and they may run Fedora 27 or some Ubuntu or you name it. So they read instructions. They try to run their software which is not included as an RPM or whatever in the underlying Linux distribution and they read the documentation. And documentation has a little section about Linux. They go to that section and the section says, oh, if you want to run the Linux, it's simple. Just do sudo apt-get install Python 2.7 dev to get Python 2.7. Because as I mentioned, Python 2.7 is not installed by default on Red Hat Enterprise 6. So they try to do that command. They get a little lecture about sudo. We trust you have received the usual lecture, et cetera. It boils down to free things. And then it asks them for the password. Well, they have a password. So they type the password. And then it says apt-get command as found. Ah, why is apt-get not there? Oh, I'm running Red Hat. This is not Ubuntu. OK, but Red Hat has UM installed. Oh, OK, so sorry, user. It's not allowed to execute this. Sometimes they get something meaner. They say, you are not allowed to do this. This incident will be reported. It depends on the version of sudo. I don't know which one does what. So they send us an email. Either they say, can I please have root access in your cluster? Or they say, I'm so sorry for typing sudo. Now this incident will be reported. Please don't report me to the FBI and the CIA. So what we do to alleviate this problem is modules. So what does a module do? So what we do is we install many commonly used software packages in a location somewhere on the shared file system, which is not in such users as been or some other OS controlled location. And we call that a module file. And this module file has been around for a good 20 years or so. And you'll find them on pretty much any HTC cluster. So what you do, this is the old TCL module file syntax. It's that you write a little file that you put in a central location and you specify where is the boot of where and so the software like the prefix that I used to do configure. And in this case, this is for Python 279. This is an existing module for our old system. And then you put a few guidelines in that module file and then the module command, which is called module load, Python slash 279 will modify these four environment variables, man path, path, LD library path, and C path so that once they load the module, they can execute that software by just typing Python and they get Python 279 instead of Python 266. Same for C path and LD library path. This way they can link to development libraries from Python. Nice thing about modules, modules can be unloaded so then the module unload will say, hey, oh yeah, the Python module has added these paths so now I unload so it will be removed from the path and I'm back to my original situation. Because of multiple versions, you have Python 362 installed as well this way and then you can do module load Python 362 and it will take prison so for the order of Python. So the thing with modules, how they can install in the past mostly is by hand and this gives some advantages as you can see on the right. This is something, some idea I cut from Kenneth. This is a nice little comic strip and Kenneth with us up and other people at, he wasn't the one who started it, but basically they came up with a solution as to why does every cluster in the world write their own module files and installed by hand. There's a lot of duplicated effort. Let's work together and get an automated solution that basically takes the recipe, installs the software, creates the module file and you're all set to go. Then you can contribute the recipe back and others can use that knowledge. However, the problem is then if you adopt that you are no longer invaluable so it may not be the best for your job security. So at Compute Canada we took that a step further and we're not only installing a few scientific packages via modules, we basically replace the whole user stack. So we have the bottom layer. This is basically CentOS 6 or 7. It has the OS, kernel, demons, anything that's privileged. We don't touch these. We basically replace anything that's in the user space that is not privileged so it doesn't get too many security issues either and we install many base packages like GNU, Lipsy, Auto Tools, Make, Bash, Cat, LS, All, Crap, Fine, you name it. They're all installed using Nix, the package manager and then accessed via a specific Nix profile like some sort of prefix with a sim link force behind it that we put over here in the CVMFS shared file system location. There are a few custom profiles when there's multiple versions of the same tool that we want to make accessible and then we have many things to install via EasyBuild. There's usually scientific applications, high-level applications that depend on MPI that run in parallel. Yeah. We have to bootstrap Nix because it has a non-standard prefix. Otherwise it would start with slash Nix so we cannot use any of the binary cache that Nix provides. We have to do everything from source. The advantage is then that we can have multiple architectures. Not all of our clusters have the same architecture of optimal performance. We have multiple trees depending on the architecture which is not the case for the Nix layer. All these three layers are architecture independent. They're all x86 but we don't have any other clusters and we don't plan on that either. The distributed file system is something that comes from CERN, originates from higher-energy physics. They have a lot of software to process their collision experiments which are then treated in data centers around the world. They've been used to distributing software for quite a while already and they use the distributed file system that works on top of the FUSI plug-in, so file systems in user space. It works quite well. There's a lot of redundancy built in for our distribution layer with multiple caches. The idea is here, we build our software on a build node, then we push it to a central distribution node which is called the stratum zero. That in turn replicates it into a set of stratum one nodes which in Canada we have two, three of them, they get in turn replicated on the squid node which is local to the cluster and then the client node can mount that file system and even if some of these stratum ones go down, you still have access to your files because of the multiple caching. What you need basically to mount these systems is a public key and then once you have the public key you can mount the file systems and you can use the software. There's a special restricted repository too with some commercial things where people have a very specific, what we call LDAP structure, a very specific UID mapping you can see. The other tool is Nix. It was briefly covered in Kennet's talk at 9 a.m. This is how we can actually provide a newer user space than what's provided by CentOS. We're actually tracking the September 2016 release at some point we can upgrade it, but we can upgrade it. It's controlled by us instead of whatever Red Hat does. So we have a fairly new G-Lip C and TCC and core-util stack and so people will see all the newest bells and whistles for the most part in the default stack. So that's in the path when people log in. The next tool we use is EasyBuild. This is for the more scientifically oriented modules and Elmot, which is a module tool much like I presented earlier is that we have environment modules and older solution and then Elmot is a re-implementation of modules in Elmot in Lua, that's why it's called Elmot. Elmot doesn't have a shiny logo, but it comes from TAC and it's Texas Advanced Computing Center. It's Robert McClay who works there, so I just put the TAC logo here. So we use Elmot for the software hierarchy. It's nice because there are multiple implementations of MPI to do parallel programming on a cluster of multiple nodes and if you don't do a module hierarchy, you get many modules you get, you get for instance a popular parallel package called Chromax. You might have a Chromax for OpenMPI, a Chromax for MVAPH2, a Chromax for Intel MPI and they all show up in your module listing. With one module for every MPI flavor and multiple versions of the MPI flavor, it quickly gets out of hand so that's why we have this hierarchy. Same for compilers and multiple compiler versions. So if you have say two different compilers, three different compiler versions and three different MPIs, you get to three times three times two, 18 different modules for the same software package and you don't want to have them visible by default. So conceptually what we do is that we fork some git repositories ourselves. We have the nix package for nix and then easy build is free components, framework, easy blocks and easy configs. The framework is the high level Python scripts for easy build. Easy blocks is basically a Python script that says how do I compile it and easy configs are recipes that basically say what parameters do I use to compile it, configure parameters, where do I want to put it, these little descriptions. So what we do in our team, we figure out if something's going to mix or easy build in general, if things are not performance critical and are more base, more boring dependencies, they're typically also provided via RPMs or debt packages and Linux distributions, we install them via nix. If it's something that is performance critical, it depends on MPI, we put in easy build. Then we build it on the build node using nix and for EBs, the utility installed, we test it there, we have a testing development repository, we test it there and if everything goes well, we push it to production and all the users will see it after about 15 minutes. So it's again an idea about the difference. There's a gray area between nix and easy build. Easy build is focusing on HPC, nix is focusing on general software, there's some overlap and these are all packages that are provided by easy build as recipes, but we found them to be a bit too low level and typically we don't expose these as modules to the users because something like package config, we say okay it's provided by default and typically the latest version is okay and we don't really need to provide multiple versions of package config. There's some things we may want to move like new plot is one where we may want to provide multiple versions. Things like auto make, unfortunately sometimes need multiple versions of those because of compatibility issues. But even there we can create a module around a specific nix version. So mostly easy build provide recipes for those because the Red Hat development RPMs were too old and we work around that by providing modules but we ourselves work around it by using nix. Another example of packaging that we do slightly out of this is that we provide Python wheels. So often people want to use pip install some package and say how do we do this? Some people insist on using Anaconda, we also accommodate for that but this is just the standard Python setup and in order to get optimized Python packages like NumP and TensorFlow and things like that, we provide our own wheelhouse so that when people do pip install some package in a virtual environment the package gets downloaded from this particular wheelhouse instead of going to the worldwide web and downloading some random binary that may not work so well in our cluster. So some of the statistics. So at the moment we have a monotically increasing list of module that we install at the moment we are about 500 software packages and versions that we make available for users in the scientific domain and there's many more that have other architectures as well. Sometimes we need to install something from multiple architectures and we do that mostly automatically. So to see what scientific tools do we install is the kind of idea of the distribution. There's a huge amount of bioinformatics software out there there's just many, many, many different tools. We install them mostly using EasyBuild. At the moment we have about 145, there's probably another 145 coming and you see that other domains typically have fewer applications that many people use. This is in chemistry, molecular dynamics, you have chromax, you have NAMD, a couple of others. We also keep track of module load so we can say okay who's using what software? This is a Kravana interface that basically says we can see okay, do people use a certain module and if they're no longer doing it maybe it's time to retire that module or if we say okay maybe that module is too old is anybody still using it? Okay, time's up. So we have a couple of challenges mostly related to the non-standard path. If you have any questions I can let you know but we do a lot of work around for that including a huge module file just to make sure that the software really doesn't look as less user and that's basically. The other challenge is to hide the NICS store path with all their hashes to the users because if they leak into the user's environment which may not use NICS themselves and we do a garbage collect then stuff stops working so this is the challenge that we combine NICS with something that is not NICS. Internally it's all super consistent but when you combine with something else you may have funny things happening. So I have a lot of people to thank. My colleagues at Compute Canada Maxime Wassonot who leads the research support national team some NICS experts that we have and some of my local colleagues and people who maintain easy builds. My people at the University of Ghent, Ulrich and Robert Smeed also. Thank you. Thank you. I think we can have one quick question. Yeah. What do you use to maintain Linux installations on the compute nodes? The Linux installation on the compute nodes they're typically proficient. I think we're using Puppet at the moment. Puppet, they used to use Xcat on older classes in IBM solution. So these are typically proficient. They're all automated. You provide a fixed recipe with a bunch of postscripts that alter the installation and so you have an identical installation on those compute nodes. Well, we basically, any time anybody loads a module it gets logged, reparts the logs. One question out back. Yes, we do. Can you please repeat the question? Yes. The question is do you have optimized Python packages? Yes. We have a generic wheelhouse and we have AVX tool, optimized wheelhouse, et cetera. Thank you very much. Thanks.