Okay, I think we are live, so all right, hello everyone and welcome once again to the Latin American Webinars on Physics. I'm Joel Jones from the PUCP in Peru and I will be your host today. This is webinar 130 and we're having Giovanna Cortina as a speaker. Originally from Chile, Giovanna did her PhD at Cambridge, UK, which was then followed by two post-op positions. The first one was in National Taiwan University in Taipei and the second one was at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. She is now assistant professor at Universidad Dolcibañas, as well as a young researcher at the new Millennium Institute for Suatomic Physics at the High Energy Frontier, both in Chile. So today, Giovanna will tell us the latest news regarding long-lived fermions at the LHC and a future experiment. We are very happy to have her as a speaker today. Before we begin, as usual, let me remind the viewers that you can ask questions and make comments via the YouTube live chat system. And these questions will be passed on to Giovanna at the end of her talk. So, well, Giovanna, we're all yours. Thank you all and the organizers for this nice invitation. I will comment on some proposals for long-lived particles based on recent work that I've done. So I will share my screen so we can start the presentation. Let me know if you can see all right. Everything good. Okay, so I will first like to give a brief overview of long-lived particles and why are we looking for them and then focus on two different frameworks that predicts long-lived fermions, frameworks involving heavy neutral electrons and light neutralinos. So this is work all done in collaboration with these great people. There are three articles that you can already find online. These are published articles and one work in progress that also I would like to comment to you about, which is done in collaboration with Juan Carlos Selo from Chile, our student Faya Hernandez and Iguelas Mil and Sinova. So let's start. This will be the outline of the talk, like I mentioned just a brief introduction on long-lived particles beyond the standard model, why do we want them? And then I will focus on the phenomenology at the Large Hadron Collider for models predicting heavy neutral electrons. And I would like to discuss briefly two scenarios, the minimal H&M model, as well as a model within effective field theory, basically extending the standard model effective field theory with right-handed neutrinos. And then by the end of the talk, I would like to talk to you about the collider phenomenology at the LHC of an Arparative Violating Susy model that predicts another type of long-lived fermion, a long-lived neutrality which can decay. And also I wanted to finalize the talk by highlighting that not only the LHC can catch long-lived particles, but also atmospheric neutrino detectors such as Supercamiocande have something to say in constraining models predicting long-lived light neutrinos. So let's start. Long-lived particles are basically defined as particles that can travel macroscopic distances before decaying inside a particle detector. And depending on your detector capabilities and geometrical acceptance, this can range from order of microns to several meters, even kilometers. If you have such large, long far detector. Now, our standard model of particle physics has plenty of long-lived particles, as I'm trying to show in this image, made by range B for our community white paper. You can see the proper decay distance of several standard model states as a function of their mass. So, you can see that we have a quite a spread here. We have very short-lived particles such as the Z or the HITS boson, which means that they're produced and then immediately decay to other states very quickly. On the other hand, we have very, very, very stable particles such as the proton or the electron, whose stability is basically protected by symmetry. And we have a lot of things in the middle. We have long-lived particles such as the muon, for example. The muon is long-lived because it decays through a heavy mediator such as the W boson. And so on and so forth. You can basically find several theoretical reasons, such as the presence of conserved symmetries, approximately conserved symmetries, small or feebly couplings, heavy mediators, hierarchy of mass scales, small phase space. These are reasons why you would have a particle with a very small decay, total decay width, which in turns gives you a large proper decay distance. So, one can say, look, okay, the standard model has plenty of long-lived states. Why not a more exotic sector of the standard model physics, which share the same structure? And there is no reason to why it should not have long-lived particles this BSM sector. In fact, the theoretical motivations to search for long-lived particles are the same reasons as to why we're looking for BSM physics in general. We want to understand particles that matter, what it is. Perhaps you want to explain biogenesis within your model, neutrino mass generation within the standard model, perhaps naturalness. So, the motivations are transversal and within BSM frameworks, one can find or one can classify very broadly five classes of theories predicting these long-lived states. So, this is work that we've done in the community, a long-lived particle white paper, where we classify these models according to common signatures. So, these can be suscetype models, hexporm models, dark matter, gauge portal or heterineutral levels. Now, all of these models will basically have a common phenomenon within each category. And basically, several classes of theories can be embedded in these five circles. But the common thing that they will have is that similar type of signatures. So, this is where I live. This is what I like to do, think about the phenomenology of these different models. What are the LLP search strategies that are perhaps ongoing or one has to propose to be able to identify or cover gaps in corners of regions in parameter space of this model. And perhaps reinterpret a long-lived particle search result from the LHC and see how you can constrain new models predicting long-lived thermions or long-lived particles. Long-lived thermions, in particular, I am focusing at the moment. And this phenomenology relies quite a bit on what the experiments have to say about this. Because they are the ones that are trying to actually hunt the long-lived particles in the data presenting the experimental results. And what I would like to basically do is understand to which extent the experiments are not yet covering all the possible regions or corners of parameter space of new physics models predicting these long-lived particles. I leave you here two references. One is the Matusla physics case, which has a very comprehensive theoretical review of models, basically addressing top-down motivations to search for long-lived particles, and the LLP community white paper where you can see the details of the classification for simplified models. And the other references we've done according to common signatures, as well as many other issues in LLP phenomenology. These are like two complementary very, very, very interesting and comprehensive reports on long-lived particle physics and the state of the art of things. Now, concerning the interplay between phenomenology and experiment, okay, we've been looking for new physics at the LHC, but so far no new fundamental particle after the discovery of the Higgs boson has been seen. So one can ask why? Where is the new physics hiding? And one reason might be that it's hiding in exotic decay patterns that can arise from long-lived particle signatures. So let me go back to this image. If you think about LHC or sort of collide the proper decay distances, in terms of what a long-lived particle is, you might be in between here. So where all long-lived mesons lie, a few microns up to several meters. Now, the majority of the LHC searches do rely on the fact that particles are produced and then promptly decay to other central states. So most of the experimental work is done in these two extremes. The other extreme can be, okay, maybe your particle is totally stable for your detector timescales. It transfers the entire detector before decaying, or it doesn't even decay at all in the form of transmission or missing energy, for instance. So there is still, I believe, more that can be done within this collider LHP region to basically try to perform a systematic program in the same way that has been done with promptly or totally stable searches. And this is basically what the community has been trying to map this frontier, this new frontier in collider physics, considering the lifetime of the particle. Now, of course, the proper decay distance, you need to, if you want to understand how many decays of this long-lived particle you will have inside your detector, this follows an exponential decay. So here I show you this nice slide from Heather Russell, based on the atlas geometry. So basically for Abidah Gamma Sitau factor of 1.5 meters or so, you can see that most of the decays will happen in the calorimeters or the muon systems, but you can see some of the decays in other parts of your detector. So 25% in the inner trackers of the LHC experiments, you know that atlas or CMS are these experiments, detector-based shaped like an onion, so you have many detector subsystems. So you can have possibilities of decays anywhere across your volume, and you can maybe think of placing a very far detector to the far right to catch basically more distance travel from your long-lived particle, basically, higher life types. So anything, so here in this talk I will comment specifically on one displaced vertex search strategy, so I will focus on decays inside the inner trackers of LHC main experiments. But what I wanted to highlight is that depending on where your particle actually decays, this can give rise to many different exotic signatures. And it does not only depend on where the particle decays in terms of travel distance, but also depends on the mass of the particle, the energy, the charge, the color charge, et cetera, all the quantum numbers as well as lifetime. So things are more complicated than what happens with prompt searches. In prompt searches such as the diagram I'm showing to the right, particles are produced in this star where the proton-proton LHC collision happens, and then everything decays and then very promptly so you can reconstruct inside experiment standard objects, such as muon, prompt muons, prompt electrons, missing transfer momentum or jets. But what happens if you have a macroscopic lifetime? Well, a plethora of new signatures can happen. You're going to have displaced vertices inside the inner trackers of your LHC detectors. If your lonely particle travels more than millimeters like a meter, then you might see a decay in the calorimeters. If your particle has color, then you can see a displaced jet or an emerging jet. If your decays are farther away, you can have maybe displaced vertices in the muon systems, and also more complicated signatures and perhaps signatures we still haven't thought of. So this is what makes, I believe, lonely particle searches even more difficult for experiments than standard prompt searches or stable searches. Because detectors, LHC, the main detectors such as Atlas, for example, was not really designed to be efficient at reconstructing, for example, charged particle tracks that are being produced farther and farther away from your proton-proton interaction collision. So these are more challenging experimentally, but nonetheless very fun and interesting to see what our detectors can do. So, like I commented before, I will focus on a particular lonely particle search strategy based on displaced vertices. And let's talk about lonely fermions. So first I wanted to comment on heavy-neutral leptons. Heavy-neutral leptons arises in mechanisms that are able to explain why the neutrinos in the standard model have mass and why they have so little less. So there are several things that we know. We know that the neutrinosilations happen, therefore, some of the neutrinos must have a mass, but we don't know much about the underlying mechanism behind the mass generation. So involving this heavy-neutral leptons, so we don't have a CISO mechanism in the CISO, etc. We also don't know which specific beyond the standard model framework of neutrino mass generation, this new CISO mechanism can be embedded. Maybe there are new interactions of heavy-neutral leptons beyond the standard outcome interactions. We don't know the nature of the H&L, whether if it's TIRAC or Majorana, we don't know the mass case. So I would like to comment on the minimal H&L model. This framework predicts heavy-neutral leptons. In this framework, the heavy-neutral leptons can mix with the standard model neutrino, and you can realize this in many beyond the standard model theories. Now, within this mixing, the important parameter here is that the mixing square of this H&L N goes as the ratio of the small neutrino mass suppressed by this Majorana mass case. So this is a standard type one CISO model. Now, if you compute the total decay width of this H&L, you can naturally have this guide to be a lonely particle for small mixings and, let's say, all the GD skate masses. And this is what I'm trying to show in this plot to the right, where we have this mixing square as a function of the H&L mass below the W boson mass. And these different lines represent different values of the property GD, so 4 millimeters up until 10 meters. So this means that your H&L in this sort of minimal model, if has a mass below the W boson, it can decay to leptons and jets somewhere in the, for example, tracker region of Atlas, with a macroscopic vertex, which you can reconstruct from charged decay products. And here you see that the long lifetime comes from the small mixings and also because the decay is mediated by the soft shell W boson or Z boson, if you're thinking of charge or neutral current interactions. So one thing that I would like to comment is that here from now on, since the particular specifics of the CISO mechanism is very model dependent, the phenomenological approach is to always from here on and now on to treat the mixing and the mass of the H&L as two independent parameters for all the numerical simulation purposes. Okay. So this is the phenomenological approach. Now, let me comment on some works in the minimal H&L model. How you can catch this guy, this long leaf Permian H&L with displaced vertices. So back in 2018, we proposed a search strategy based on one of the Atlas Susie searches, but optimized it for a low mass H&L so we are thinking of H&Ls being produced from the decays of W bosons at the LHC being produced. And that means that their masses are below the in between the B meso mass, so we are thinking in our kinematic mass range between five and sort of ATG or so. And then this guy can decays we are charged on neutral currents to displace objects and to displace tracks so what a track means any charge particle after basically atronization. And this strategy, like I said, is able to efficiently reconstruct vertices in the inner detector and the Atlas inner detector, the sort of fiducial acceptance of this analysis starts from four millimeters to 300 millimeters or so. And the analysis is based or basically by selecting high quality displaced tracks. And what that means is that you placed a specific cuts on the so the rapidity of the track, the transverse impact parameter of the truck must be larger than what you would cut on for prompt searches and also a high PT. After you count basically all the tracks that you can have, you reconstruct the displaced verdicts so you require something of an environmental mass, larger than 10 GB or so, and a minimum amount of tracks are also required, at least three, starting from three tracks. And then you can have basically a design a background free search because nothing in the standard model will give you a high mass high trap multiplicity displaced verdicts above the D mess from us. The design basically building up on previous words recently in this year, our new article was published where we optimize this strategy. And basically we apply it to several theoretical models predicting hls. Also here, I forgot to mention there are some cats on transverse and longitudinal distance of these displaced verdicts as well to be in the Atlas fiducial inner tracker region. So, so these are our results. These are our sensitivity estimates for the minimal h&l model. Now, what it's, we focus here. I'm showing here mixing in the electron sector only. And our projections for different values of the luminosity, 3,000 and 300 inverse and two and are shown in bed and grew respectively in the shattered a gray area, you can see current experimental constraints, but just a something that I'm learning more young recently, and there are two new Atlas and CMS results for a channels with a very similar signature so they're looking for this place leptons, leptons reconstructed as electrons or beyond a coming from a common origin so this is also a space for Texas strategy, and they focus in the same sort of process being produced from double dedication of W's, and they have provided provided a new limits with sort of 139 inverse and two barn for Atlas and 138 inverse and two barn for CMS. So these are not included in the shattered a region. But you can still see that most of the parametric space that these two new searches are able to exclude are already contained in the previous versions of this analysis with lower the CMS search my extent, this shattered region for lower masses. So below five, five GB, as you can see in the far right blood and this is interesting because they do something very they do not basically require that the space vertex starts from some point, but do a very complicated and detailed background estimation in those regions below five GB. So it's quite interesting seeing this new new results very recently. And just one thing to comment is that our strategy is also optimal to constrain mixing in the style sector. So this is something that it's like a standing gap in coverage still for the experiments to do. Tau leptons are are are trickier to to deal with experimentally you have reduced sensitivities and reduce efficiency due to the difficulties in reconstructing tau leptons as opposed to electrons and new ones. So our multi tracks sort of display vertex search strategy as it relies on tracks and can also can provide constraints in the in the tau sector, which is far less constrained experimentally as you can see from the from the dark area. I would also like to comment that there is there was a recent review and releasing on the archive for for the snow mass initiative from the United States, where they highlight very comprehensively. The present and future status of heavy neutral leptons also including lifetime frontier experiments and several models and also different kinematic regions, such as the ones that I presented here so so I just leave you the reference there. Now, one can one can wonder okay what's happens beyond this minimal and a channel model. And, in fact, there are similar LLP a channel display search strategies that have been proposed, or are currently being proposed to be able to constrain a different sort of mixing a patterns, different combinations, different mass regions, different production mechanisms, and even in some extensions of the gauge symmetry of the standard model, like the right models, you can also have a displays very this is coming from, let's say, the case of right handed W. There are also models in which this a channel can be per produced via, for example, as a prime, which can happen, if you extend the, let's say, the standard model by a new one prime symmetry, etc. So there are many possibilities where you can have predictions of even one or two displays vertices, and sometimes with not even a problem that you can trigger on as in the in the minimal case.  And to sort of tidy the signatures, but one can think okay maybe there is a systematic way in which I can study such non minimal a channel frameworks and one can apply effective theories so so I would like to show you a few examples of the recently worked out with my collaborators in this direction. Basically, you can think of extending the standard model basically the same language and for the minimal model that I showed you before, but with non renormalizable operators which are suppressed by a new physics K lambda. So we, we've been studied these operators. We've been we've been studying the pension six for familiar operators in two cases. One, one set of operators, one table correspond to operators with a single h&l. And we can also study operators with pairs of h&l so I leave you the references here. You can see that no love not all of these operators will be sort of relevant for a like see phenomena. So we focus on the three, the three first lines, basically, and just to give you an idea of how expectations or sensitivities can change with respect to the minimal scenario is that I wanted to comment on these four premium operators with pairs of h&l. Now, here, what you can see is that the production is not longer dominated by the small mixing of the h&l with the standard models, but by the operator. And the h&l can decay with the space verdicts in the same way as in the minimal case the other machine with the light or active nutrients. So we propose a strategy that is similar to the one that I commented before for a for the minimal case. And also, since we have now, the, there are several proposed fact the fact detectors, where you can search for lonely particles. So we also study what happens, what are what these two proposed for detectors can say. So, there are two different approaches because we basically for Atlas do a full simulation of the h&l decay for far detectors what one can do is to compute decay probabilities for this simulated h&l in your fiducial volume. So let me comment a little bit about what are the different proposals and what are all these far detectors. And I stole a slide from Larry Lee at the, at the, at the large hydrocolider physics conference last year, and because he showed this very sort of comprehensive image of where all these far detectors are so perhaps you've heard of this. So, so we have different proposed experiments and new experiments. So the ones that are in green are experiments that are approved to be built. So for example, Pfizer, Pfizer will be taking data. I think in brand three model and map also are experiments lifetime computer experiments as well that are already approved. But it is not yet approved. So you can see, for instance, a that a face or for instance, you can see in the in the in the upper right corner, sort of the distance at which these experiments are placed. So Pfizer is a very forward detector cylindrical shape, more or less 480 meters away from the Atlas interaction point. So if you consider Matusla, for example, Matusla is a much bigger proposed surface detector on top 100 meters, let's say on top of Atlas or CMS. So basically you will be able to catch lovely particles that are produced in the primary product of collision at the LHC travel 100 meters and then you can catch them with the surface detector. There is also, for example, Codex B, which is proposed to be built as an extension of the LHC experiment. So this cube box here, and there is also for example, Alex tree, which is proposed to be built near the Alice experiment. The map is proposed to be a sub detector of the model experiment, which is basically also near LHCV designed to catch neutral particles. As I said, there is also Milligan and etc. There is a plethora of new proposal anubis I am missing because I will comment on this as well. It's also one of the sort of cylindrical shape proposed for detector experiments to be built in one of the service shafts above, just above Atlas or CMS where you can play sort of tracking layers and also catch lovely particles. So you see that there is very different geometrical acceptances, very different sizes of these experiments, very different volumes. And these of course will translate in different sensitivities for your particular model, and what each of these experiments can do. So I will talk about H&L so with the far detectors you can go lower in mass and lower in vaccines because you will have larger displacements. And just to show you an idea of the of qualitatively how the sensitivity of what you will see the next slide is limited by so on the one hand. The mass reach is limited by the cross section of your H&L of course, but on the on the two and on the two diagonal lines. Perhaps your H&L will start to get into prompting on the farther right so so so that will limit your sensitivity and each of the of the experiments, or on the other hand, on the bottom, sort of vertical line, your decades will start happen very very far from the outside. And so basically this is this is a very cartoonish way of representing what are the important sort of geometrical parameters. So each of the five protectors we consider so we consider these six setups. Of course this builds up on earlier work and you can find all the probability formulas in these references. But basically this is, this is what you can do you can basically simulate the probability that each H&L will decay. This is the acceptance of all of these experiments and the acceptance is parameterized by all these parameters and in black, for example, you can see the, the, the point of which sort of the LHC interaction interaction point. And for, for, for, for these experiments which can be at us for example or LHC. So I will show you the estimates for the equal six per frame operators with pairs of H&Ls. So, we have two cases here, and both Dirac and Majorana H&Ls. And this choice is for a fixed value of the new physics case is fixed to TV. And here I'm showing operators with a first generation parts so that's the one one. What's what's what the one one means for you and so basically sort of the intermediate, not the most conservative case for for what are your prospects. There are different color lines, each of the experiments that I mentioned, and including the Atlas, sort of projection in Brown, and different stages of luminosity. So, you can see that if, if in this framework effective using considering sort of your production mechanism. If you consider that your operator, the production is dominated by the operator now. This basically enhances the cross section. And you can see how the big seems that you can grow go as down as 10 to the minus 22 so even well far below see type one sees all sort of expectations. So basically, within the lines overlaps and complementarities of the different far detectors experiments as well as Atlas, can be understood that the higher must reach for example, for the H&L it can be brought with Atlas. And Mathus la dominates basically the, the mixings that the because of the so far away and as a large sort of sort of volume. You can catch many H&L decays there and that's the, the, basically the yellow line leading sort of the sensitivity prospects. Let me just briefly comment on a different type of heavy heavy heavy heavy for the long term. But not so heavy so this I wanted to talk a little bit about a long live neutral in us within the operating violating social framework quickly both at the LHC and also what can happen. So it's interesting because the same sort of the same signature that I presented to you before in the context of the minimal H&L model can be realized in in a framework of Susie once you break these are partly the unknown zero lambda prime operator on the prime coupling. And here we're thinking about production of a little trailing through an S lepton, and the small coupling and the lightness of the new trailing on us will give rise to macroscopic lifetime. So, if you sort of replace a new trailing with the H&L now and the sort of w with this lepton, you can see the same sort of process. So the same signature can be applied and see what can we do to constrain, like in training us which are far less constrained, experimentally than for example as quarks or windows at the LHC. And also how you can prove this lambda prime 111 copy. And this is, I wanted to show you this because it's a preliminary very preliminary work done by my student Fabiano Landis from University of La Serena he's a master student. And this is his, his, his work in progress for his thesis. You can see that with the displays vertex search strategy in the atlas in a trucker masses of neutrality knows as light as for let's say 50 to 200 GBs can be broke with a displaced vertex. In this set of plots you have different choices for this electron mass from one TV to 50. And this is interesting because if you think about what are the other current experimental constraints or lambda prime 111 display we find that displays vertices are can prove much lower values of this. Okay, so what can happen beyond the LHC and with even lighter. So, this is a work with that I must confess is a very, very out of my comfort zone. It's very new. The idea of think about how ongoing atmospheric neutrino detectors and can constrain lonely particles. So there is a seminar work done in 2020 by these people and one of my collaborators is Victor Munoz. So, basically, in this article they provide sort of a pipeline and some benchmark models to what happens when lonely particles are produced from the decays of medicines come from cosmic ray air showers and what, how can those signatures be captured by, for example, the super cameo can mean a little bit. So, in our work from last year, we focus on two benchmark scenarios. Benchmark one which which we focus on production of nutrients coming from the mason and benchmark two from pianos. So, the signature would be basically a shower in final states. And these are what some super coming down the circles he liked signature events, which can come from a sort of a droning showers, as opposed to this new unlike signatures in super. So, these are two sort of basic benchmarks that we study. And basically, you can compute method production from this cascade equations from cosmic ray physics, and the neutrino can be produced from the database messes which are generated in this cosmic ray or shower. Now, a light signal in super K, we will originate from this sort of electromagnetic electronic show in the detector, so we can compute the neutrino event rate in the detector, which basically consider geometrical acceptance and neutrino probability of decay inside your system. And in the same way as I tried to show with the fact that actors here like sort of the relevant geometrical parameters. Involving the super key you need to consider, for example, the distance traveled from the neutrino being produced in the atmosphere, how much it travels before it can reach a super key which we model, like the cylinder in the detector. And we sort of analyze the, the super cameo can the data and calculate the number of expected events for this sort of like signals. And just to show you that the result in these two benchmarks which represents the production from the mess on some production from chaos. I think it's very interesting because a benchmark one we chose on purpose because there's already been a lot of research done in the context of light neutrinos and collider and being done experiments. So we wanted to see what can put super come you can do and how it competed with this lifetime frontier experiments for benchmark one, and which shows exclusions in the sort of way branching ratio, branching ratios of the dimension to the neutrino and then the neutrino became to be shower like signature. And super cameo can they cannot do as well. But on the other hand, if we go to the second benchmark production from chaos chaos are more abundantly produced on the mess on the atmosphere so here is where we find super cameo can do better and explore a regional parameter space that's a no other lifetime frontier experiment that has proved in the past. So I believe this is very interesting with super cameo can the research can prove basically a wide range of times as you can see on the x axis with the sort of seat down speaking at the order of the one kilometer so much, much longer lived than the collider studies I presented. Okay, so so so I'm reaching the end of the dog. I basically wanted to give you a sort of like a snapshot of different words, where the phenomenology of lonely particles, what are currently being done, what is currently being done at the end of the day, see and propose fire detectors, what they can say on a specific models predicting locally fermions. I focus on two scenarios that the channel models and light neutrinos, and these models lie in a region where we don't know what is the under underlying mechanism behind the generation. We don't know this unknown physics. And if there is one take home message that I want to convey to you is that the lifetime frontier basically is a transversal line of exploration across many different experiments. So, I think this is why it's worth to keep investing in this comprehensive lonely particle program at collider and even other experimental facilities such as a goes very new pinot detectors, which can also provide perhaps the discovery of lonely. Thank you. Excellent. Thank you very much, Johanna for such an interesting and very clear talk. So we can now go through to towards the questions part of the talk. So, I have a couple questions but okay I'm going to let Nicholas do the first question. Thank you. Thank you Johanna for a nice talk. So I was surprised a bit with the results on your flight I think was 16. The result from Atlas and CMS. I've never seen this before. Let me share again. Can you see this. Exactly. Oh, sorry, I shared the PDF. Yeah, I shared the PDF so let me share my my Google presentation. Sorry, I lost the zoom. Okay, here it is. You see this right. This one or this one. I think it was 16. 16. Yes. Six. That one. Why such limit are so like narrow, because being previous plots, the limits were more like, like triangular know more broken. Oh, but perhaps it's because here it's a log scale on the way to as opposed to the minimal case. Maybe it was in previous slide. Yes, I think there were some official results from CMS and Atlas, but maybe it was your previous slide sorry. So I also show you the sensitivity rich in the medium. Which looks like this. Exactly. Oh, sorry, sorry. Yes, what this 10. Yes. Exactly. So for instance, if you compare with the plot on the left, this is quite different and also is closing the right. So the one of CMS is compared to the one on the left. But at least quite different. Why the Atlas and CMS are I see. So, unfortunately, if you go through these links, the Atlas result was from March 12. So there is no paper nor cost note yet that that I can read. And so my feeling is that they, the analysis is different. So one of the differences that I know is that the CMS search does not require explicit vertices to start in from let's say four millimeters, which was done in the in the previous Atlas search. And basically are not limited by an initial sort of displacement. So that's why perhaps it looks different starting from one GB to five GB you can prove that region. Now, I don't know what I just did between the one GB and five GB region in the new result. So that cannot read the paper, but the main differences between our proposal and the these two other Atlas or CMS is that the signature requires explicitly leptons in the final state. So you must have two leptons coming from a common displays origin. In our case, we don't care if the track it's a lepton or it's a bayon coming from the organization one of the parts. So it's a different strategy so you see that the shapes will be very different. But to be honest, I don't know why the Atlas curve does this bumpy thing cut for GB. I haven't been able to read the analysis yet. I haven't found it. I think the impression that it's like to two zones that are merged or something. Right, this is this is what I think they do something for something a medical region and then perhaps do something different. But, but still they are basing their sort of search on display leptons coming from common oligies and triggering on prompt objects from the prompt lepton associated with the W blush. That's the main pipeline for their search. But yeah, this is very nice. Very nice. That's all I can say keep and keep an eye on on how these websites evolve. They showed you the paper or not yet. I checked yesterday and I didn't see it. So, so in this analysis, they since they it says Majorana, I guess they also use same same sign leptons. Well, well in your case you don't care about that. I don't care what I what I just look for tracks but they do they they usually present their results in in in some categories of same sign or of course in sign leptons based on charge. Since since we're already talking about the tracks, I'd like to ask you a little bit about that because in principle you need like a minimum number of tracks in order to reconstruct the displays vertex. I remember that when you have neutrinos that are lighter than one GV usually, you know, you have to to to to calculate the decay into, let's say one electron and one charged pion or something like this. So, once you get past one GV, you have the case into several several had rooms right. So, so the question is how do you deal with that because of course, right, you calculate the three body decay and then that will hydronize. So, how are how many tracks, do you actually get a when when when when doing this, this analysis, because they're not that heavy that heavy little leptons right so. So, so just a brief comment so in these say words, a production only comes from the use so we are not considering mess on production, which can be important at one GV. Okay. And so our course are sort of conservative in that sense. Now, depending on how background free you want your search to be a you require a limited sort of that's where you place the limit in the sort of displays vertex in body and mass and number of track region. So, this is something that we do basically from the experiment. So the experiment presented some sort of efficiencies in these two variables. And you could, you could see that starting from three tracks and five GV, you were in a region where no in a signal region basically where no background was expected to be found. Okay. Yeah, so this is basically what drove our choice of the cats to sort of be the most optimized as possible, but still being a background free search because we did not want to be with with with instrument backgrounds coming from the search standard more backgrounds. Okay, you can get rid of with with with the digital cat from the message or the mascot, but there are other more complicated sources of backgrounds that are purely instrumental. Yeah. And this and this and this efficiency is already encapsulated those material effects. Okay. And so, basically, if I remember correctly from the simulation. And you could see all the tens, tens of tracks, 20 tracks, depending on on on on the bus points that you have. But once you see a few events, then you just run things, you know, and see, and see the, and see efficiencies and don't don't look at individual tracks. Yeah, but that's the order of money to I mean, perhaps hundreds. Also could be possible. Okay. Interesting. Because for for lighter, I would expect, you know, like just like two tracks. The lighter you go, of course, then then then this starts to become an issue right. But still you can assume that all the tracks have the biomass. This is the hypothesis in this analysis so. Yeah, usually three, two or three, but passing your events about three, about three, that's more or less. Thank you. Let's see we have any questions from the audience. We have a comment. Well, yeah, we have a question from Guillermo Gambini. I guess that I missed it. I guess he was referring to our discussion on the Atlas and CMS results, asking if the shape could be related to the reconstruction efficiencies. And it could be. It could be so you see below five GB you start to have all these demos right the chaos these I don't know perhaps they are excluding some of these windows specifically within this window. Yeah, I mean, I think it could happen because of the different strategies, which translates in how efficient, how efficient the searches are in that particular mass region. Okay. We have usually a bit of a lag. So let's see if he answers. Do we have any other questions from the audience. Yeah, just a question for Johanna. Yeah, so very nice to talk to Johanna by the way. So I was wondering, do you speak any, any kinematics consideration in the case if your lonely particle has a different spin them one half point and instead of right handed neutrino it's a kind of a boss on or spin three and a half. That could be challenging for the, for the detection of the display perfect. And this question. So from, from, from the top of my head. I would say, yes, there could be, because like I commented in the beginning so the particular quantum numbers of your LP are going to basically drive the type of signature. But to be honest, I haven't thought about for LLPs beyond spin one half. But there are several words that you can check in our right paper within the model categories. Now, of course, the efficiencies also will depend on the particle mass, the H&M mass. Of course your acceptance within the detector. I could imagine the energy. I could imagine some sort of energy distributions. Let's say across, across the, maybe you can construct some angular variables that perhaps will help you discriminate between different spins. I don't know. I haven't really much thought about it, but I know that there are works that are basically targeting those models with the researches. And a nice review would be the Matusla physics case or the LLP white paper so you can see them. Yeah. Oh, thank you. Yeah. So Guillermo Gamini says thanks. Any other questions? Okay, I'll ask another one. So could you go back to your results with your dimension six operators? Yeah, one sec. The famous slide 16 of Nicholas. I don't know why. Every time I try to go back to this slide show, it fills my entire screen. So there you go. This one. I think, yes, there. Right, so here. So, so first in this, in this kind of analysis, what sort of signature are you looking for you again looking for a many tracks or maybe the two same sign leptons. Since you mentioned it, it makes me think about. Yeah, okay. So, so, so let's say that for the decay part, the signature is the same as the one from the minimal H&L scenario so it's a track based research. But since you see here I'm showing you plots with pairs of H&Ls. So you don't have really the prompt lepton anymore. So you can see, for example, this cartoon drawing that I showed here. Yeah, so it's, it's, it's a bit different. And we do this trick that we are forced to do due to the lack of dedicated sort of displays triggers, but we'll be able to catch the signature right away. Basically, there was this Atlas Susage search, where you find displays electrons that don't have any isolation cuts as prompt leptons prompt electrons do. And basically what you can do in Monte Carlo, because in Monte Carlo you know everything that you're simulating, you can sort of identify the Monte Carlo truth ID of that electron, and basically force and truth match that lepton index to the electron that would apply their trigger to correspond to the one coming from the displays vertex. And then, then you require the same sort of high mass multi track displays vertex search. But this is trigger and we consider basically only AJJ because by justifying these displays electrons data samples that could be available in the Atlas data. And we found those to be with the like, let's say, that was all me on site. I don't think so. I haven't seen a justification, let's say to, to do this, this place. So basically Atlas in the search for a photon photon triggers, but on triggers where you can find displays electrons is in them. So, so yeah we do this trick so with truth match the index and then, and then we can have such a signature, we propose such a way to to constrain the CFT models with per-produce signals in that way. Because then the lepton that you're triggering is, is not prompt. Exactly. That's what you're saying. Exactly. And you can trigger on that on a non prompt electrons. We're saying that Atlas could. That it could, okay. That it could if they looked, if they looked at these data sets. Right. We know, we know they have because they use them for displays leptons from a Susie search in which they basically, I know they have those samples. So, so, so basically we're saying, okay, maybe you can start looking at these data samples even more because it's important for a channel, not minimal models. Right. Okay. Okay. And, and, and thus, so, so your results are of course valid for a particular a scale right you say to TV okay to TV square. I see. Yes, yes, this was just an optimistic choice. So if you see in our paper, we have several scenarios. So once you start increasing this lambda, of course, this vision starts to shrink more and more. Right. Right. Because the cross section from these operators escapes with a lambda to the minus four. So, up until 13 TV, Atlas can still say something depending on the, I think for this you and enable operator and we have different choices in the paper but Atlas, I think that the limit is like 15 TV or so. But yeah, this is like the bulk of what the LHC could, could be able to prove but it's not the actual limit. And here what's the difference between data can Majorana. I mean, how does that affect the analysis. Okay, and actually, in our work, we find that the, the, so, so basically the main difference is the mass reach, because the production cross section for the Majorana data case differ. So you have an enhancement for the major for the, sorry for the direct case. You have, you have higher cross section so there's a little bit of a better and mass reach, but that's that I would say that that would be, I mean this strategy would not be able to distinguish these two cases. And probably have a somebody destructive interference going on in the case of Majorana. Correct, correct. This is something that yeah, but this need differences is noticeable for for higher H&L masses for for lower H&L masses is like the same but then did that goes higher. Yeah, we explained that in in our paper because we also found that. We have some analytic experiences as well. Okay, yeah. So, um, I don't know if there's any other questions from the audience, let me have a look at the chat. Okay, so no questions on the on the chat so far. Nobody else from the audience. Okay, so I think that that's it. Yeah, we're past the hour already so I understand that. Okay, sorry for for taking all the quest all the time for the question. Okay, so, so then that's it. Thank you very much, Giovanna for for such a very nice talk. And we'll see everybody on the next webinar which I think it's not in two weeks but in four. Right. So anyway, we'll see you around. Thank you so much for the invitation. Bye bye everybody.


It's always been one of my things I pride myself off of as a starter growing coming up through the minor leagues was going deep into game so I'd like to get to that five inning mark where I can be eligible for the win. So that's definitely a goal of mine but having the actual W next by name isn't isn't a huge deal for me. Is that a mentality maybe taking a little bit of getting used to or have you kind of been conditioned enough to that you know the stage of your career. Yeah I mean it's definitely a thing I need to get used to. I mean we just have a bunch of horses in the pen so it's makes it easy to turn it over to them especially if we have a full bullpen and I know like the last time I pitched was after Cole going eight. The time before that we had an off day the day after so it's like we can kind of use everybody. So if we have a lead in that fifth inning and I'm starting to flip a lineup third time or something then I know that it's it's Boone's decision if if he has more faith in them and it's kind of my my own goal to earn that faith in him eventually throughout this year and years to come.


Hi, everybody. My name is Meredith Miller. I am a dryland research agronomist here at the Williston Research Extension Center, and today I'm going to talk to you about the Pipeline Reclamation Project that we've been working on here for the last five years or so. This will actually be the first part of three videos. So today, this first video I'll be talking about some of the background on the project, the methods that we've been using, and some of our preliminary yield results. Our second video will be Nick Burkheimer. He's a soil science graduate student and he'll be talking a little bit more about the compaction and subsidence issues and some of the other soils issues that we've had. And then the third video will be Dr. Tom DeSutter from the Soil Science Department at NDSU talking a little more about compaction and a root biomass study that Nick's been working on. So, you know, this is western North Dakota. We've got lots of oil development out here, and all of that development causes a lot of issues with soil disturbance. Things like compaction, subsidence, the soil mixing, all cause problems, and in croplands can lead to reduced yields and soil fertility issues. So we wanted to learn the best practices for reclaiming that soil. So when we had a pipeline installed here in 2015, it was installed right through here. Those orange flags over there is where the pipeline is. We wanted to design a long-term experiment to see how we could best restore those yields. So we designed a study with three different treatment areas, three different disturbance areas. There's the undisturbed, the stuff right here next to me. There's the pipeline, the furthest orange flags over there, where the pipeline was installed obviously, where there's the most issues with soil mixing, where the top soil and the subsoil are getting mixed together, which leads to reduced soil fertility and increased leaching material. And then there's the roadway, the closer orange flags over there, where the top soil was scraped off, and all of the heavy equipment traffic was at. So that area is really compacted. It's lost a lot of its soil structure, and so that area, it's going to have problems with the water infiltrating and roots penetrating down. And then so that we could, you know, best see how to restore the soil, we looked at a series of five different annual crops, and two perennial crop covers, LFL fun and grass mix, to see if any of those looked promising for restoring soil health. Last year, we planted everything to straight Durham to see if our crops made any differences in yield, and this year everything is planted to safflower. We chose to do safflower because it has a nice deep tap rot, and the roots penetrate extremely deep in non-compacted soil. So depending on how things look this year, it should show that our compaction has been broke up a little bit. We also designed the study to have three different sub-treatments, ways that we treated the soil to see if that has an impact on the compaction as well. We've got the no-till, which we just left alone. We didn't do any treatments. We have a ripping sub-plot where we came through and we lifted up the top 18 inches of the soil and then dropped it again, which broke up the compaction and broke up the structure and created pathways for the water and roots to hopefully penetrate down deeper to further break it up. And then our third treatment that we used was ripping plus manure, where we worked in some manure while we were ripping, to add more nutrients and organic matter. We collect a ton of data out here every year. We collect biomass. We collect soil moisture readings every week. We collect emergence data, how many plants came up in a row. We collect heights to see if there's a difference in the undisturbed plots versus the roadway plots versus the pipeline plots. And then at the end of the year when we harvest, we also collect yield and look to see if there's any differences in protein and oil content and test weight to see how quality the seed is. We also collect imagery each week using a drone, which looks at greenness, if there's big open spaces, how healthy everything looks. And then we also collect soil data such as bulk density, nutrient analysis, and then we also use this pentatrometer that Nick will talk more about to show how how the compaction looks across the field. Some preliminary yield results for our first four years of the study where we had different crops planted in different areas. There really wasn't a lot of difference. This undisturbed stuff where there wasn't any truck traffic, where the soil wasn't mixed was consistently the best. And then the roadway stuff where there was the most traffic and the most compaction on that soil consistently had the lowest yields. But then when we start looking at our different treatments, the ripping versus ripping with manure versus no-tail, the ripping with manure and the ripping both seem to be consistently higher yields as well. So at this point, it's looking at how you treat the soil is going to have a bigger impact on your yields and improving your soil health than what you're planting. But that's still very preliminary data that our awesome graduate student Nick is working on digging through for us. So we'll have more information about that coming out in the next few months while he continues to dig into that. If you have any more questions or you'd like to come to or it, feel free to contact me here at the WREC. Thanks. And Nick will have a second video here coming up too.


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Laddingtons, I'm checking in from good old Scandinavia. Unfortunately, Skadi did not bless us. I think it's because some of you didn't do your deadlifts. I am deeply disappointed if you didn't heed my advice. I made a video called This Has to Stop. Got a lot of views. I'm thankful for it and I also said in the video that I don't understand so many Laddingtons go into the gym and they do not do the basic compound heavy movements. I don't know what to say even anymore. Not all to jack the guys go into the gym and entire session use arms. I mean arms yeah it's important but you need to build up some strength first. But anyway that is my analysis on why Skadi hasn't blessed us with snow. But who knows if you do enough deadlifts over Christmas she might bless us in good time so we can get some cool Swedish winter video logs. Now anyway that is not the point of this video. I won't talk a bit about Christmas but we're gonna get deeper into the forest for optimal enlightenment. So a nice forest walk you might see behind me there is a lake we will go there. So a little nice walk and I'm rocking the Sword of Mars t-shirt for optimal testosterone and just a personal style note here. I like to have something red when I have something black. This is sort of black. It's a nice contrast. Then also of course if you do deadlifts it's a good it's a good fit when you look yourself in the mirror and see that sword and get some extra motivation. But enough rambling let's get into the forest so we're gonna head on to this forest path now. That's a very cozy forest path I must I must say I must aware you all of that fact. So basically what I want to say in this video since it's Christmas is a Christmas idea. The idea is that you go off social media for a few days and focus on something else focus on something nice something nice such as this stone wall quite aesthetic indeed. So anyway I have thought about making a video for quite some time it would be called Sex and the City and the Massive Elf and basically what I wanted to say and which I will say now is what you feed your mind just as you feed your body with good food hopefully you must feed your mind with the sort of thoughts you want to transform into action. So for example if we say ten of you watches ten of my training videos chances are that you will want to go and hit the gym or perhaps go out in the forest or perhaps go for a sprint or go for a boxing session or whatever and that is also the point of my training videos that is the effect so I tried to present it in a good way so that you want to do the same. Now if you were to watch ten episodes of Sex and the City chances are that you would want to do something completely else. You know I watched a few episodes of Sex and the City this was a long time ago but I still remember you know it's a well-made series and they portray certain things in an aesthetic way so of course if they portray a certain lifestyle in an attractive way chances are that you will want to emulate certain aspects of that lifestyle.  Now what does this have to do with the Christmas you ask. You might say in the famous words of Bronze Age pervert you might say what means yes I will tell you what it means but first let's admire the lake. So anyway what I am suggesting is that over Christmas and this is something I will do myself is that you take a little break from social media now of course for me it is literally part of my job to keep updated on news etc so I need to be on Twitter to stay updated. I need to check the news but it's also important to take a break and especially if you have been blackpilled by various news I mean there is a lot of black-filling news for any Westerner to partake in if you want especially for Swedish so it's important to not feed your mind with these constant black bills. So for example if you see some guys constantly beating up some guys of your bio-culture constantly beating up it's not good for your psyche to completely see that because it's also your mind might start seeing yourself as weak so then it's better if you watch my videos and see I'm strong and if you relate to me as your beloved Primark hopefully or your lore master or whatever if you see me being strong and you relate to me have to cross this little it's to keep the animals from going over anyway point being if you see a lot of guys who look like you being beaten up that's all you see yeah it's defeatist black pills it's not good for you because then you might see yourself in the same light but if you look at someone like me who you can relate to and see okay this guy is strong he's fit healthy and you relate okay I'm gonna attempt a little jump here whoop there we are agility increased anyway point being if you continuously feed your mind with black pilling and defeatist propaganda it's nothing strange if you feel black pilled and also speaking about Bronze Age pervert he said in his latest podcast that you can be a bit suspicious of these pages on Twitter or Facebook who are only sharing news where we are being perceived as victims you can see it as enemy propaganda that you want to tell you that you're weak now of course I want to tell you that you're strong that you have the possibility to be strong I want to say that I am strong too because I am because I haven't been listening to the guys who want to tell me that I'm weak I've never listened to them and now I'm strong so I encourage you to do the same and especially now over Christmas take a break I will take a break from Twitter for example I might not post anything on what I will post traditional Christmas greeting on Instagram of course I'll see how many videos I make I might make some more videos for optimal Christmas feels but otherwise I will try to take a break and I will not read the news I will not check the Twitter timeline I will not check up on so many things I will instead read as much as possible I will sit by the Christmas tree and read I will update you on what I will read but probably some sort of Witcher book the first Witcher books see if I get any books in Christmas presents and yeah that's my plan at least and I have some other books that I need to read but you know something light-hearted not something heavy something immersive that I can just fully focus in and also speaking which if I'm slow at responding on emails for any of the businesses you know why I'm taking not taking a break there is no such thing for an entrepreneur such as myself but you know I will be a bit slower on it at least usually I am very fast but it's for a good cause again let's admire the lake now I think this will be the thumbnail here something like this so anyway when I'm out I might as well continue to talk a bit about how to feed your mind with proper proper soul nutrition so it is good to stay updated it is good to not forget the gravity of the situation but it's also good to not fool yourself into believing that everything is hopeless that everything is lost because it's not and there are so many good things as well and try to if we're talking about who to follow on social media etc look at the accounts who post more self-improvement stuff who posts more you know historic stuff that is interesting that makes you happy because if I say if I have a 20 year old guy and he can follow two accounts one account is only blackpeeling it's only about how bad everything is and how weak he is and how he stands no chance in life then you have another guy who follows an account who posts good information good advice some good news makes him feel good then you ask yourself who which of these two guys with the same starting position they're equally handsome and equally charming etc who of these guys have the best possibility to acquire a fair maiden to start a family yes probably the guy who is a bit happier with life the guy who has a bit more optimism so then you see how this is just an example of course but you see how much these black pills versus white pills can can make for someone then you have another two guys also 20 years of age one guy watches all of my training videos and watches a lot of other material as well and he views himself as strong and formidable he's confident because he relates to someone like me and see that I am confident then you have another guy who is only watching videos where Europeans are getting beat up who will go with the most confidence down the street yes probably the guy who watches videos where he perceives himself as being strong or he can relate to strength and of course you know as I write in my book that weakness invites aggression so the confident and more high thumos guy yeah he's more likely to stand up for himself and to be less tempting of a target so that is something to keep in mind especially for younger guys this might also be this thumbnail looks like something out of Lord of the Rings quite aesthetic to be honest so anyway you have to find a balance to not be oblivious to the situation but if you're already red-pilled if you're already enlightened perhaps you don't need to partake in so much negativity that's more useful for the guys who aren't aware of the situation perhaps but if you are focus on what you can do to make yourself better and also how can you make the guys on your side the guys on your team how can you make us stronger so if I'm talking about my own channel how can you make my channel stronger that is a more legit concern than to be concerned about something geopolitical issue you can't really influence anyway then of course my recipe for strengthening my channel is that you physically subjugate a normling and force him or her to subscribe to my channel so we can reach more more good good people with this words of wisdom now of course also for talking about sex in the city and fantasy for example Lord of the Rings or something like that even Skyrim or the Witcher or something that is also the food for the soul for the mind but it's also about how you process it how you process the inspiration you get I know there's a lot of guys who are nerds in a bad way because they use it as escapism that you see you can be a powerful hero in a game so then you don't need to be powerful yourself this is a very dangerous thing and something I don't endorse in the list now of course if you want to play Skyrim or the Witcher or any such game even total war and you see heroic ideals you see a strong man who achieves his goals and who progresses in life it must never be a substitute so if you skip the gym because you want to game that is fine every every once a month or something like that or if you're sick of course because then you shouldn't train but if you substitute it and if you're out of shape if you're fat or if you're skinny or if you're weak if you lack confidence yeah then you can't game because then you then you haven't learned to convert the powerful inspiration to something useful then you're wasting your time and you're fooling your brain you're tricking your mind into believing that you are doing good things if you play these games and can derive motivation from them you're actually doing something good so that's the difference and this is something for all parents are watching this if they're like oh should I let my son play this video game or computer game yeah has he been to training has he taken care of his schoolwork has he taken care of business that's what you have to ask yourself and then you say to your son okay yeah you can play all night if you want but you need to go to your training first simple as that otherwise he might get into you know he might rewire his brain into getting a satisfaction by slaying a monster in a game but he hasn't slayed a new PR in the deadlift so it's it's not good optimally of course he slays the dragon in Skyrim then he goes to the gym because he has been inspired by it so yeah that's my that's my Christmas idea at least so long story short take a break from social media focus on something else try to read as much as possible go to the gym as well of course because hopefully you will eat a lot then lastly also I know there is a lot of guys who and girls of course who do not like Christmas because they have bad memories this is very tragic of course because maybe they have grown up with you know unstable family relations but you can still try to make Christmas into something nice even if you're by yourself just try to relax as much as possible try to read as much as possible again or he's do something nice and take a break from all the bad news so yeah I will post maybe some other maybe some other video to YouTube maybe a few posts on Instagram definitely my yearly Marzipan pig picture on Instagram but otherwise I will see so anyway thank you for watching this this rambling


Oh good people Trying to figure out breakfast here in Arizona. I think we're heading down to uh, you know great canyon and things Just rode home and then all day long, you know, I'm saying boys and girls I think McDonald's for breakfast get that make really don't I mean a special occasion see guys there great Katie Barcloth qualm family vacation 2018 If you could have one talent Like you get to choose your talent What would it be dancer really like all the time like you just naturally the best dancer If I could go back in time before you ask this question Time travel that's not a talent. That's a talent. I don't know how to tell it Be like the greatest tennis play in the world tennis. Yeah So it's all low money, huh Time travel that's not a talent, but you already said it Functional it's practical And it doesn't matter For my entire life, I have like a five out of ten talent and a lot of things I don't really have a ten out of town at the talent out of anything if it was a ten out of ten talent It's just on auto dude. You haters And I'm tan. I got a tan. I went to Lake Havasu on the weekend. I I'd want to be a singer Like I have pitch. I have pitch like I can hit a note, but I don't like my voice I'd want to be able to just crush a song. I feel like it's the most Attached to music you can get Yeah, because if you can get really good at dancing or really good at drumming or guitar You can feel the music and you can get into a flow state where Your talent's so good that you don't have to think about what you're doing, right? You can actually just play but with music. It's literally like you dancing. It's probably next but I think singing is just like So insane, but I'm so bad at it But if you want to see how good I am at a check out you vlog because I'm pretty good at it It's a silent mic and then you could also check out guys and training calm. That's her website Yeah, you can check out Barbara Brigade, but yeah, you don't really want to I'm not really one for like bucket list like I've told you guys But I'm a a goal of mine is to drive cross-country and RV is now what I want to do But I was just thinking a truck or SUV get loud wrong side of the road I But what I want to do is drive across country and stop like this I just anything I think is dope anything that looks cool Basically, I want to do all the stereotypes shit I want to drive from maybe LA or Sacramento all the way to maybe Boston Like a southern route on the way there and then a more central or northern route on the way back and just stop at anything I think it's cool or like I don't even know if it's real shit But I see the movies like biggest spoon in the world Fattest steak in the world.  I just want to stop and do all that And if I could get this crew to roll with me, it'd be so dope. So Stay tuned for that.  So it'd be way too fun This RV is comfy enough The only thing is the AC in the back is a little hot out here and I'm fat, but otherwise a one day so far I don't know how much longer we got but make a good time making good time any bad memories I don't want to bring up like anything that makes you mad But like just imagine I have a really big beard and I also have a mohawk like this and I'm wearing a red jersey, all right I don't know where we are still moving Lenny and Larry's where are we why is it?  I'm dead. All right guys, what's up sound like so we are in Arizona right now Right when we're at the Arizona sign I was talking about how I want to drive cross-country and maybe I'll help I'll plan that with you guys sometimes It'll be most fun with you guys if we go LA or Sacramento all the way to like down the South and you end up in whatever, Virginia And then you go up and then north through Montana or whatever else And I want to stop at every random thing we could find Like yeah, we are a little bit. It's already dope like world's biggest spoon world's smallest ball of yarn World's tiniest human or whatever we could find so we found Arizona and I'm excited, but it sounds a little dangerous She said keep windows up and don't stop because the bears and coyotes I've never seen a wolf Everything yeah, dude Dude, I'm so scared right now.  Oh You can get my b-roll dude. I'll share Just landed Grand Canyon South room. Maybe we're gonna check it out quick hike It's nice out. It's probably what 85 what you do what you're in there 76 76. I feel It's nice. It's nice. So we're not mad put in sunscreen See what we can find. Hopefully everything cool except for a snake What do you do that with channel dude, what do you mean my snake you need as many visas you can get Oh, and you think that's gonna bring it in your career. It's your little Mission-girl demographic What are you talking about?  I wear non-number Jordan This is definitely a non-number Jordan guy if I label you as a type of person you're a non-number Jordan guy hashtag non-number Jordan's Those are the Jordan one and a half Bar actually wants the backpack on why cuz that bicep. What does this go? The bicep vain, huh?  We are in cancun My god eat us what's up guys silent Mike here.  You got a what? Try to watch the guys game eat I think we're chilling more Grand Canyon tomorrow Thank you We got this Split down the middle New York strip It's the t-bone this is New York strip. This is the filet. This is a potato. This is I Don't know what that is sour cream corn and another Thank you Steak dinner decent for where we are Six out of ten I think it's bedtime. Tyke is asleep. We're just gonna chill See you in the morning Grand Canyon exploring


Hey guys, what is up? Welcome to my channel. So for today's video, I finally have another video in my rankings series. So if you don't know what this series is, I pick a category of products that I am going to rank from my least to my most favorite. So for today's video, we are going to be ranking my Huda Beauty eyeshadow palettes from least to most favorite. As always, this is very hard for me to do because these products are in my collection for a reason. So for the most part, like I like everything that is in this video. So though it is my least favorite, like I still probably most likely like it. So anyways, let's just get right into the rankings. A little bit of a warning if I accidentally say Huda instead of Huda. I have such a terrible habit of saying Huda instead of Huda because I've always called it Huda until I learned that it was called Huda. So I'm trying to break that habit. Anyways, so I'm going to get into my least favorite palette that is in my collection. And that is the original Rose Gold palette. This one came out a long time ago. This was Huda's first eyeshadow palette that she released. And for the time, it was actually quite different than what was actually out on the market because it was the first palette that introduced kind of a more textured shadow. So for a while, I actually really did love it. But what I found with these shadows is that they dry out very fast. So honestly right now, this really shouldn't even be in my collection. I truly need to declutter it. So it's not really a bad palette. I just dried out so fast. So the lifetime on the sky isn't very long and it's quite expensive for what it is. Huda's sense completely changed her packaging, but I have to admit, I personally like the clear cover. I like seeing the colors. I think that Huda does an amazing job as far as her palette curations. She really curates some of the best palettes out there on the market in my opinion. And I mean, this is gorgeous and for the time that it was released, it was quite different and quite risky honestly to release something like this. This got a lot of attention and I did really love it at one point, but it's all dried out. So that is why this is my least favorite, my number 10 palette. Alright, so let's move on to palette number nine. So this one is the mauve obsessions palette. The obsessions palette are her nine pan palettes and I love these because they are so portable and they just give you easy looks to create without having to think too hard. Now the reason that this is number nine is because honestly, this color scheme really does not move me. While they are pretty and you do get really gorgeous looks with this palette, I just am not into it. I don't find myself grabbing for it too much. She has such great color stories in her other palettes that this one's kind of blocked me. I can definitely see why a lot of people love this palette, but for me personally, it just doesn't do it for me. It's just kind of boring. So that is why this is at number nine. But that being said, this is a palette I would totally travel with because it does have such good colors. But there's so much more exciting things in her brand that I just, I had to put this at number nine. Number eight, this is number eight because it's more exciting to look at than it is to use. This is the rubies obsession palette.  I do have a Instagram tutorial coming up using this palette and I will try to attach a picture of the look right now. I do not have a picture of the look for all of these palettes because some of these are old and I just didn't get a picture with them. But I definitely have one with this and it is really pretty. But honestly, the reason why it is number eight is that the colors pull off very pink. So I feel like they don't have the exact same pigmentation that is in the pan.  I was a little disappointed in the quality of this. I just felt like pigmentation wasn't there. I mean, this is a hard formula to make. I like it. I don't love it. It just, it doesn't look how it looks in the pan. So that is why this is number eight. Moving on to number seven. Now this one, I'm surprised it ranks so low because you guys know how much I love my purple palettes. This is the Amethyst Obsessions. I do have an Instagram tutorial using this and this palette is stunning. The look that I created, I was obsessed with. But the reason why this is placed where it's placed is because of the quality. This isn't bad quality. What I like about her formula is that it is not too powdery. But honestly, I felt like this lacked in pigmentation. This did require a lot of building up. That being said, a lot of these shades, they are lid toppers. But I just felt like with the matte shades especially, it took too much building up and I would just prefer something a little bit more pigmented. So that's not to say you cannot get a gorgeous look with this because I definitely did. But if I'm going off of quality, that is why this is ranked where it is. If the quality was spot on, honestly, this would probably be my favorite palette because this color story is everything. I love how with these Obsessions palettes, she really takes a color story and then just runs with it. So I mean, Huda just such a good job with the layout of her palettes. I really like this one. So number six, this one, the quality really just blew me away and that's why it is ranked where it is ranked. I honestly don't really use it that much, but it's so beautiful to look at. And this is the Emerald Obsessions. So like I said, I really do not reach for this palette as often as I should. Just because I mean, look at these colors. They're pretty hard to wear and to pull off in public, but I just love the quality of these. I love the individual colors that are in here. You really truly get some unique, gorgeous colors. And it's very hard to come across such a blue, green Emerald palette on the market. This holds a special place in my heart, even though I do not know what to do with it. I think the quality is spot on. The individual colors in here are just so gorgeous and unique. So that is why this is ranked where it's at. I thought this would be at the bottom and then I used it and I just, I love it so much. I do not use this as much as I wish I would, but it's so pretty. All right, so let's move on to the next one. This is Topaz Obsessions and this is actually the one that I'm wearing on my eyes right now. This is the newest addition to my Huda eyeshadow palette collection. I bought this during the Sephora VIP sale and I'll be honest, today was my first day ever using it and I have to say I love this palette. I had been eyeing this in stores forever because it looked very unique to me because it almost looked like a mustard palette. I mean, it is a warm palette and warm shadows aren't my absolute favorite, but I just love the quality of these shadows. I mean, look at this eye look that I created completely blown away. So I'm ranking this where it is ranked because I love this look I created. I can see myself using this a ton. All of the looks that you are going to do with this palette are going to be very, very warm. So if you don't like warm eyeshadows, you're not going to like this, but the quality is spot on and they are so easy to work with. They blend beautifully. This mustard color isn't quite as mustardy as it looks in the pan, but it almost works good that way.  I think it blends out other colors beautifully. The one thing I do have to say that I think could improve on this palette is that I think some of the colors are a little bit too close to each other. I feel like these shimmers could have used a little bit more variety in the tones in them. They have very slight differences in them, but I just feel like for only a 9 pan palette, this could have been a little bit more adventurous, but that being said, I mean, they all look gorgeous on the eye. I'm really like, these are called obsessions palettes for a reason. I am obsessed with this palette now and this look I created, yes. I didn't film a tutorial with this.  Now, I know I kept most of the smaller palettes more ranked towards the bottom, but that's just because those only contained nine shades. I had a tough time because I wanted to put some of the smaller ones in front of the bigger palettes, but just at the end of the day, I love her larger eyeshadow palettes so much more because you get so much more variety. The big ones are at the top for a reason. The fact that there are twice the amount of eyeshadows I just live, breathe and die for. So number four in my rankings is the Rose Gold Palette Remastered. So the first palette that I showed was the original. This is the one when she realized there were so many complaints and that the formula needed change. She created this one. This one has one of my favorite eyeshadow colors of all time.  I really truly think that this palette was a huge step up from the first palette. Those textured shadows are much better here. They're still very creamy and they are textured, but they aren't weird. They aren't chunky. They apply very smooth to the lid and this is just such an easy palette to work with. I do not use this nearly as often as I should, but while looking at it really is making me feel inspired. So I think I'm going to use this bad boy tomorrow. But if you do like soft pink looks and also more neutral looks with a pop of pink, you will love the Rose Gold Remastered palette. And personally, my opinion, this is better than the first one. I think she really stepped it up with this and this is definitely, definitely worth the money because these big ones are not cheap. So one of the little ones did sneak up above a couple of the big ones and that is the Smoky Obsessions palette. Now, at first, when these first came out, I did not want this at all because the colors are so basic in here. But this one's kind of messy and kind of torn up. It really creates the most easy, simple, neutral look that I love. I find that really neutral toned, like, taupey looks really complement me the best. Those are the kind of looks that I love the most. And this one just does it for me. I can create a smoky eye. I can create a taupey eye. I can create a bronzy eye. I just really love this palette. It is so easy to use. I find it to be so creamy. I don't know. I just love this palette so much. Every time I use it, it creates just such a simple, easy look that always looks super good. I know I do not have a look using this because I use this in everyday life and it is so beautiful, perfect for travel. And if you are a neutral lover, definitely pick this one up. This is fantastic. So number two, here we have the Desert Dusk palette. This one was my number one favorite for quite some time. This palette really introduced a lot of different textures. So this palette was really exciting. I love the color story of this. I love purples. I love that this contains purples. I love glitter. I love that this contains glitter. I just think this palette is stunning. You can create really warm looks and really sunsetty looks. The purple just adds a nice change. You can create neutral looks as well. I just am obsessed with this palette. The color story in here just screams out to me. I think that this is going to be beautiful in the summer and people need to bring this out more and talk about it more. I know some people do not like the hood of formula and don't think that it's all that it's cracked up to be. I personally really like it. I like that the shadows aren't too powdery. I like that they're easy to work with. They're still blendable, but they're buildable. So yeah, maybe they're not the most pigmented shadows in the world, but I find them so easy to work with. So I do love her formula. The shades topper, I think it's really gorgeous. You just got to know how to use it right. It's twice the size of the Obsessions palette. So of course it's going to be ahead of that. So overall, yes, this is number two. So now is the time to move on to my number one favorite. If you haven't already guessed it right now, this is the new nude palette. Now, I wasn't too sure about this palette at first. I didn't want to put it at one because I do have a complaint. I just think that these colors pull very bright pink on the skin and it's not very nude. But at the end of the day, I just love the colors in here. They make such an easy light pink pretty eye. I know there was this whole thing like this is her version of nude. This is the new nude blah, blah, blah. I just think if you're going to name a palette nude, it should be nude colors. These aren't nude, but regardless of that, I love the colors in here. It was a really big toss up between this and this. If I were to film this video on another day, the arrangement of these could totally be different. This could be like my fifth favorite palette. It just depends on my mood really, but right now I'm currently loving these types of shades. I think they are beautiful. I like this one because it has a little bit more different textures in here than her other palettes. You get two pressed glitters here and I think her textured shades here are beautiful. She really perfected that textured formula and they're very different because they have like little specks of white in them. And when you blend the color that kind of lightens it, but they are such beaming shimmery shades. They're beautiful. I just think this palette is everything. I think that this little primer thingy right here, I don't know why she did that. I would have just loved like a regular powder shadow right there. But yeah, at the current moment of today, this is my number one favorite out of Perfect Palette. Of course, there's always something I would want to change, but I do love this palette. So that is currently all of the Huda eyeshadow palettes that I own. I know she is releasing three more of the Obsessions palettes. Let me know if you think that I should pick them up. I've been eyeing them and I just feel like I should own them because I do love her eyeshadow so much. Those little nine-pan eyeshadow palettes really inspire me to create looks and they also make it super easy. So let me know if you would like to hear my thoughts on those. Overall, I love this brand. I love their palettes. She creates some of the most beautifully curated palettes. And to me, her color story speak to me. I know a lot of people do feel differently, but I am one of those that just loves it. So anyways, I hope you guys enjoyed my ranking video. Let me know if there's any other category of products that you would like me to rank. And I hope to see you guys in my next video. Bye, guys. Have a great day.