And without further ado, let me introduce Jay Lugorio. So Jay's a software engineer, independent security researcher, and he's been building computers and networks and writing code for pretty much his entire life. He got his bachelor in science and computer science from UMBC, Go Retrievers, in 2008, master's engineering from the Naval Postgres, yes, awesome, in 2015. So without further ado, Jay Lugorio. Hi, brother. All right. Hi, DefCon. My name is Jay Lugorio, and I'm going to talk about do-it-yourself artificial pancreases and how you can build one of your own. So I'll talk a little bit about who I am, not as much, because we've already gone over that. In introduction to diabetes, let's all get on the same page. Hardware, software, and safety, and the solutions that we will engineer to achieve all of those. Iterative improvements developed over several years. A live demo, which is starting at least now. We'll see the results at the end. Something I like to call exponential growth. And then I will take questions. So we talked a little about who I am. I also have some various answers. And I'm a developer. I'm an IT consultant. And I'm a private investigator licensed out of DC. And as a developer, I've always solved my problems with software. So when I first got this diagnosis, I was given a piece of paper and a table. And they said, use this to track your information.  So I wrote a web app, and it was great. And I thought, oh, look at that. I'm unique. It's the intersection of this thing and computer science. And it turns out you are unique just like everybody else, because this is Scott Hanselman. He's a developer evangelist at Microsoft. And he says the first thing every techie does once they've been diagnosed is they try to solve the problem with software or hardware. So I'm not unique. So let's talk about this disease. We'll all get on the same page. Diabetes affects nearly 200 million people worldwide. And there are two types of them. The one, which we'll talk about today, is genetic. It's type one. And it's a deficiency in the pancreas to properly produce insulin. So you have to get it somewhere else. And type two is also a deficiency, but it is in the rest of the body's ability to absorb that insulin. We're not talking about that today. Despite having a similar name to type one, it is actually very different. So again, we're not talking about type two diabetes. And all of us with this disease have heard the meme. There will be a cure in five years. And certainly 10 years ago at a hospital bedside, that is what the doctor told me nearly immediately. And five years later, and five years after that, there is still no cure.  And people with it must get it from somewhere else. And there are two types. There's long acting that takes your blood sugar. And it kind of keeps it in check over the course of 12 or 14, or sorry, 12 or 24 hours. And there's short acting, which is for things like meals, so that you can counteract the effect of carbohydrates on your body. So you administer insulin with a complex formula, taking into account, because this is all very, very easy, carbohydrates, physical activity, sickness, pre-existing insulin levels, and adrenaline, and your insulin sensitivity. Like I said, it's all very easy. And you straddle this tenuous line between going too far high and too far low. So what's normal? For most of you, you're going to maintain and ride pretty much right at 100 the rest of your lives. And that's very good. Because too high, if your levels are too high or remain very high for a long time, you can have a major impact on taking years off your life. In addition, it can cause stroke, seizures, organ failure, brain damage, and death over a sustained period. But you think, OK, well, we'll just go low. Well, low is even worse. After you spend, let's say, tens of minutes progressing through anxiety, tremors, sweating, dizziness, confusion, and heart palpitations, right at about 35, you pass out. And that is when you are much more likely to die. This is the very acute way, as opposed to the long-term way, that people die of this disease. And some people are hypo unaware. So they don't even feel those symptoms when they're crashing down. That makes the technology we're going to talk about today a real life requirement for those sorts of people. And it's a difficult balance to maintain consistently. We talked about this equation. And it's, for the most part, accurate-ish. Because certain things we can't measure. We can't measure sickness. I don't have four six today. You can't measure adrenaline.  And I have no idea what that means. You also can't really measure exercise. Sure, it takes twice the amount of work to go two miles versus one, but there's no real way to quantify that as it impacts this disease. You also don't know when the carbohydrates that you're eating are going to hit your system.  It also goes the other way more often than not. But you can't predict that because even things that you do commonly and regularly and are very easily predictable, they can come right out of left field and hit you when you don't expect it. Your insulin sensitivity changes over time, over a period of weeks, and is sometimes different throughout the day. And finally, you have to maintain safety at night. You don't get to sleep through this. It's something that you pay attention to 24-7. So this is living with it. But how do we measure how well we're doing? The A1C blood test measures a chemical that is related to your glucose with an impact of about three months. In aggregate, it's a good approximation of how well you've been maintaining control of your blood sugar. And if you maintain control of that of your blood sugar, you'll get a good A1C test. Normal people should be about five to six. If you're diabetic, it's probably higher than six. And after seven, that's when it starts to indicate that you're not managing your care very well. Your blood sugar should not fluctuate wildly during sleep. So as long as you go to bed in a good state, you will probably add good time, so to speak, to your A1C. Now, there does exist some technology to make it easier to maintain control of your blood sugar. But it largely goes towards easing burdens. None of this stuff makes decision-making. None of this stuff takes a decision-making role in management of the disease. So we replace multiple injections with insulin pumps. I mentioned there were two types of insulin. With an insulin pump, it very slowly microdoses, and not the Silicon Valley microdose. It slowly microdoses insulin over the course of the day to take that long-acting effect and use short-acting insulin to achieve the same effect.   We also have a continuous glucose monitor, and this takes the place or is augmented by finger sticks. And that's exactly the thing that all of you know what I say. What I mean when I say you prick your finger, put the blood in the meter, and all that kind of thing. The sensors vary depending on the model. They can stay in for seven days, 10 days, 14 days. It all depends. But generally, they all hold to this one thing where you get a reading every five minutes, which is good, because then you can expose things like trends. It's not this point-in-time, contextless finger stick that doesn't tell you as much as you really want to know. So let's talk about some tips. You don't get to have bedtime snacks because you don't know what it's going to do.  And every meal, even the ones that are usually predictable, can become an hours-long battle to get back to normal. And this is just how it works. This is true mainly for everybody. And a rule of thumb, if you wake up in a bad state, there really is no recovery during the day.  And finally, I want to leave the intro with a graph of how hard this all is. This is from a study called the Effective Diabetes on Outcomes of Hyperglycemia in a Mixed Medical Surgery Intensive Care Unit. It's from May of 2001. And if we define in range as between 80 to 180, these folks in an ICU were only in range about 65% of the time. How hard is it when we're in an ICU and doctors can't even keep this thing in line? So that's what the rest of us live with. So now we'll talk about hardware. We need to develop a solution that takes data from the CGM, processes it with what it already knows about our bodies and its current state, predicts future effects based on the existing state, any proposed changes like dosing insulin or eating and how the medicine actually works, and finally delivers a command to an insulin pump that's something other than that regular background insulin. And this requires us to overcome several technical challenges. We need something small and low power. We need a visualization solution because this thing needs to be monitored. And we need to collect blood sugar readings from an FDA certified CGM system. And finally, we need to query and control an FDA certified insulin pump. And the reason FDA certification is important here is because the quality of the measurements that you get will directly impact the effect on your body where many of us are developers.  You need something that is giving you good data and then you need an insulin pump that can accurately take action. If you say dose one unit, you don't want it to be 0.9 or 1.1 or maybe it's five today. You need something that is absolutely reliable. So nowadays, this is actually really easy. I think it's easier than it was 10 years ago. The Raspberry Pi and the Edison are ultra portable. You can get them anywhere, although the Edison is discontinued now. And it's great to run our code on. We can get these anywhere. They each have built-in Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, so they're eminently networkable. You can tell it about all of your different Wi-Fi access points or you can tether it to your phone when you're out on the go. And finally, because Bluetooth is built in, you can collect CGM data directly from the transmitter that's attached to you if it supports that. And the solution we're talking about today does. And if not, you can plug the receiver into the device because they both support USB on the go. So you can download your data directly from that. So we talked about collecting CGM directly, but the insulin pump we're gonna talk about is a 900 megahertz radio. It's in the ISM band. And the open source hardware community stepped up for us and developed the Explorer board for the Edison and the Explorer hat for Raspberry Pi. Now, they're marketed as random 900 megahertz radios that anybody can do anything with. And that's true, you can, but this was made for this purpose and we really appreciate that. Now, I mentioned that the protocol was proprietary. It was reverse engineered over a period of years by someone known as Ben West. None of this would be possible without his work. So it's, we really appreciate it. Now, older insulin pumps have wireless connectivity and the manufacturers allowed you to remotely control them. Not from very far away, but you could still remotely control them. And when they found out about this, the fact that you could remotely control them thanks to a Black Hat 2013 talk, they significantly limited how that functionality can be used. So in newer pumps, you can still query for the state of the system, but you can no longer remotely dose insulin. You have to find out of warranty pumps. You have to find them anywhere that you can. And then we'll use our custom hardware and software to talk to them. So older devices are already hard to acquire. You have to scour eBay, Craigslist, Mercari, this website called Medwau. And because no one can resist the chance to take advantage of an already disadvantaged community, there was price gouging. So you'd think these older out of warranty pumps would be cheap because they are older and well used. And the prices on these things that people wanted, people who weren't even interested in participating in this or weren't diabetic, skyrocketed.  So let's talk about software and safety because safety is a pretty critical factor here. Our visualization stack is going to be built on Linux, Node and Go, Mongo, Python and Bash. And it's called NightScout. It is purpose built to visualize the current state of a diabetic system as well as serve as a holding place for historical data so that you can bring reports to your doctor so that you're not giving them kind of lack of context for how you've been taking care of yourself. Now everyone builds their own NightScout instance and it fits well on the free tiers. I have a guide out where you can install it on private infrastructure. If you choose to do that, I don't really like having stuff in the cloud. So this works on a server in my basement. And NightScout is great for a point in time representation of how things are now. And again, you can generate reports to bring to your medical appointments. So the solution that does all of the heavy lifting is called the Open Artificial Pancreas System or OpenAPS. And it is built on much the same group of technologies, Node, Python and Bash and it runs on Linux. So again, this fits well with our Raspberry Pis and our Intel Edison's. And it's designed to acquire CGM data, process it using an algorithm and deliver a dosage command to an insulin pump which checks all the boxes for the things that we talked about what we needed at the beginning. Now, more than 1,440 people have sort of raised their hand and said, yes, I'm using this, but we know that there are more people than that who are using it because it's not required to get permission or anything like that. So using those numbers, about 13.7 million person hours of algorithm use have been achieved. And so far for the people who are using CGM certified, I'm sorry, FDA certified CGMs and FDA certified pumps, no one has gone to the hospital. So a person can only be expected to do that equation that we talked about really several times per day. And the fact that there are so many unknowns in this equation, it's a wonder anybody does it right at all. But OpenAPS can process that data every five minutes because that's when you get a glucose reading. And so that's about 300 times per day that you, the patient, are not having to deal with the stress of this stuff. And more importantly, it works when you're sleeping, which is awesome. So it, because it is more aware of many things that the human cannot be aware of, it makes better decisions. So it knows the manufacturer provided equation that says when the insulin will take effect and when it will start to taper off. And it can use that information to make a better decision to say, okay, well, his blood sugar is rising a little high, but he already has this much on. And according to this equation, well, I'll add a little more, or I won't, which is really good. And I mentioned that your insulin sensitivity varies over time. So auto-tune will tune the algorithm to carbs and insulin over weeks. And auto-sensitivity will tune the algorithm to you over several days. This is a very person-centric disease. So you need person-centric applications here. And it gives you advanced warning. So if it knows, because again, it knows how the insulin works to a mathematical level, it can send you a notification to your phone and say, hey, you need to eat carbs because otherwise in about 15 minutes, or however you configure it, you're gonna have a low. So after this feature was implemented, whenever it would tell me that I needed to eat carbs or you're going to experience a low, I didn't get that low, which was great. That was really helpful. So let's talk, I already hinted at it, but let's talk about the first benefit you get with this system. Someone running on manual mode can normally be expected to wake up at least once or twice every night to alarms that require your action. Again, you don't get to sleep through this, but OpenAPS takes control of this all night long and sleep is one particular area of your life that improves dramatically almost immediately. So after diagnosis and before starting this, I went from getting no more than six hours of uninterrupted sleep at a time. To the first day, I slept 10 hours and when I woke up, I was exactly where I wanted to be. And it was nothing short of incredible. I was a very tired person. So a sleeping patient isn't eating, it's also easier for the system to maintain them within the range that you've defined. And good time and range, especially at night, improves your A1C without any work on your part. You're not struggling between the decision of, I'm starving, but still have high blood sugar and need to wait to eat, you're generally not eating. So this is the only factor that really comes into it. And I don't want you to think that this is just my experience talking about how life-changing the sleep is. This is generally the first thing we hear from people is that the sleep is amazing. This person changed their sensor and immediately went back to bed and everything just worked. It just worked and it was great. So we have been building the airplane while we've been flying it and manufacturers don't really get that luxury. And safety is a critical factor in the way that changes and features are implemented because we don't wanna send somebody to the hospital. So there are several checks and double checks before it makes an insulin decision. There are fallback behaviors defined, so should the system be away from the insulin pump for hypothetically 30 minutes, there's not much difference between what 30 minutes with this system would have caused and what 30 minutes without it. And after that 30 minutes, the pump reverts to its normal, just background insulin doing things manually. And features that have impact on the algorithm are scrutinized heavily by a core team of developers. And I don't want you to think that means me saying, oh, it's open source. So obviously there are all eyes on it, like we used to say about open SSL. But there are people who are dedicated to that one part of the algorithm. There are no changes that are going to go into that without their say so. Now commands are delivered, oh, I explained this already. So when the pump is out of range of the system, it will default back to factory behavior, which is great. And during sleep, the manufacturing provides CGM, which will alarm, it can be used as a fallback. So let's say Linux kills the open APS process for some reason, who knows why? And it stops working. Well, if I start to go too high or too low while I'm asleep, this thing is independent. It can still sound an alarm and cause me to wake up and then take care of all this stuff. So sleeping just one benefit to the patient. We also discovered something that kind of should have been a little intuitive at the beginning. So normal routines operate by making drastic changes and you can't undo them. You cannot undo, undo insulin and you can't take back the cheeseburger that you just ate. I guess you can't, but that's gross. I actually just didn't think of that until now. So one indirect safety factor that was discovered through use of this, it really makes sense when you think it through. You make small changes every five minutes and then after just five more minutes, correct anything that may be out of place or that needs to be done. So if you have a sudden rapid rise, you add more insulin and if you have a sudden drop, you suspend delivery. And this is key during meals. Don't take the entire insulin dose because there is a non-zero chance that you're gonna wind up on the floor. So open APS actually mimics the pancreas's normal function by slowly dosing insulin as the body processes carbohydrates and it keeps the patient's blood sugar from extremes. So lesser amount of insulin in the person's system at any given time reduces the likelihood that they experience a blood sugar drop at all. So let's talk about iterative improvements. I've made several implementations over the last few years. I'm gonna hold these up. Some of them are large. They have this big shave kit bag and you had to put it in a backpack. Some of them are still a little bulky, but much smaller and some of them are very, very tiny. And the one that I use now fits in my pocket and it's no bigger than my wallet. It doesn't feel obtrusive. So each iteration and choice of component over the years reduced the size and improved portability and battery life. And again, we're building the plane while we fly it. You can make incremental improvements in these things as you go. So some contributions I've made to these projects, somebody implemented an interactive setup script before you really had to do things in a certain order in the right way or the whole system just would fall out from under itself. Somebody dreamed up this interactive script and it asks you some questions about the equipment you're using and you just tell it and then later on you can use command line switches when you wanna update your software. So I've tried to increase flexibility around connectivity specifically with Bluetooth tethering to phones so that when you have flaky signal like you're in an underground tunnel like on a train or something, the connection kind of flapping there doesn't impact the communication with the server. And I've also added some FDA and FDA certified device. This one here, it uses this receiver to dump the data into the system, but it broke. And so I needed to get a replacement that they sent me does not share its data in exactly the same format. So I kind of had to bump around to add compatibility with the newer devices and committed all that stuff up. So the systems work without a connection to the internet when one isn't available and when you get back to civilization, the connection returns and it dumps all its data into night scout. So you can and people absolutely do take these remote places to go hiking and all that kind of stuff, you're all good to do it. And as long as it gets time on startup because some of you may know, none of these things have a battery for the real time clock. So when it starts up, it starts up with a new date. So as long as it can get NTP time, it doesn't need to be connected continuously. And even if it can't get NTP time, say when you accidentally turn it off when you're on an airplane, you can SSH into your artificial pancreas and tell it what time it is on the command line.  This is a 26 amp hour battery. This is the receiver that I told you about. This is an antenna that you could get from the manufacturer so that it would communicate with a web service that they run and the web service would talk to this thing through, I swear to God, J and I and Java. And it's something that I still to this day don't know whether to attribute to malice or incompetence. After one foot or two feet away, this thing doesn't work. These things made by randoms on the internet work like 10 feet away. I don't understand it. And this is a Raspberry Pi 2. And something that I actually enjoyed doing. In addition to all the straps that are inside so that things don't bump around, I, on this side, I got these female to male short U.S. B cables to plug into the dual charging ports of the battery. And instead of digging that battery out at the end of every day and plugging stuff in, you just plugged the bag into that. And I thought that was a nice touch. That was very convenient. So this is what these systems look like. This one, this one here, that's this one, is an Intel Edison with the board under it. And it does USB on the go. So you connect this onto that. And it's still kind of bulky. And also you do need a USB battery because you have to feed five volts to the USB on the go device. So even though it has a lithium polymer battery, it's not enough if you want to connect to the receiver. But this one, which is in here, this is a Raspberry Pi Zero with the board on top. And it's a lithium battery only because it's pulling the blood glucose meters measurements directly off the Bluetooth transmitter. And I added a kill switch. And the nice thing about this is it has a screen. So even if you don't have night scout or access to any of that stuff, you're not guessing to see sort of what the decision loop is doing.  This is a Fitbit with what's called the glance face. And it shows you really everything that you need to know. It shows how much insulin is active, what carbs are left to be digested, where your number is now, and a little graph to show where it has been and what the change that's that zero MGDL was from the prior reading. Now I've mentioned that all of this stuff is out of warranty, but after a breakthrough of literally years in development, this is called the Omnipod. It is manufactured today. It's a tubeless insulin pump. So it sticks to your body. Somebody figured out how to control it. It works in the 425 megahertz band. And so what people are doing now is compiling this middle screen here. It's an iPhone app called Loop. And it sends via Bluetooth commands to this relay thing. It's called a Riley link, which then spits out the 425 megahertz commands to this thing. So it's everything that I've described with warrantied hardware, which is nuts. I cannot tell you the Herculean effort it took to figure this thing out. There's proprietary crypto in there. It was nuts. So those people I hope feel very proud. So I promised you a live demo and really the entire time has been the live demo. So these are live logs from what's going on with OpenAPS right now. So this one, if you notice here, it's taking several different ways to predict what my blood sugar may do based on various factors. Let's see, this is towards the tail end of the log. Up at the top, it has decided that it is going to change that background insulin, but it's not going to dose any more insulin with what's called a bolus. That's when you're giving yourself more than that background insulin. And on the right, this is a log from the Bluetooth receiver. The project is called xDrip.js and that is live communication every five minutes with the device whenever it wakes up. And oh, so this is the beginning of the loop. What it's doing right now is making prechecks to make sure it can communicate with the device. It's seeing what has changed over the last time that the loop ran and then it's checking to make sure the time is correct and then it's going to refresh what it knows about the system. And that kind of takes a minute. I was really hoping that we were going to catch a new number on the other side so you could see that log go crazy, but such is not that luck. And the other thing I wanted to show you was night scout. So where do we start? So up over where you see 109, that is my blood sugar right now, it's up five points. The amount of insulin on board is actually negative 0.4 and I'll explain the reason for that in a minute. The basil is set right at about 1.0 units per minute and you can see that drop down icicle graph and I haven't really been eating today so there are no carbs on board. It shows that the pump has 78 units in it. The battery is 1.26. The one thing I'll say about the battery is that normally you get about two weeks with the battery, you get about three days when you're running this thing which is fine, it's a AAA battery, it doesn't matter. This right here shows that I did a finger prick and this is the trend graph of what my blood sugar has been doing and the purple lines right there, those are the predictions about what it is going to do. And here you can see I've been on a Vegas diet, kind of spikes, but yeah, I think I got, oh, and let's see, you can look at more. Oh, this is a bolus right here so I ate 45 carbs and only took one unit. If any of you in the audience are familiar with that, that's gonna sound like a real underdose and it was because then over here open APS kicked in and did the rest. So it spiked a little bit but then it came back down pretty rapidly and landed without too much trouble right where I wanted it to be. I think I just saw the log take. Yeah, so that's it communicating with open APS and with the night scout server there to register a new blood measurement. All right, live demo. My internet worked, that was great. So let's talk results. Two graphs. Up at the top in 2016, I wanna say a three month period starting in April, you can see that for 69% of the time I was in range and about 30% of the time I was high and I didn't have any lows and there's a reason for that. After a couple very scary moments in consecutive order, I stopped really taking care of myself in terms of how high my blood sugar got. And you can see that here where it says the average of the normal is 150 and the average of the high is about 200. That's not great. So from last week and then three months prior is the lower graph and that's 89% of in range time, 3% of lows but if you look at the average and the median, those lows aren't that serious when you have something that is micromanaging, everything that it does every five minutes and a little bit of highs because you're diabetic, you're never gonna solve that. And this is just another way to visualize the same thing per hour of the day. If you notice up at the top, it's largely between 150 and 200 and down at the bottom, it's largely between 100 and 150. And now let's look at a few raw results. There was no A1C estimate before 2016 because there was no way to do that. So a couple of things that are important. This was diagnosis. I mentioned that six is a good place for a diabetic person to be and that ain't six. So that was a hospital visit and a surprise. But I quickly got it under control because I am also a control freak and right about here was just before those periods of let's say non-compliance with keeping your numbers down. And that was due to something that happened at an IKEA and very helpfully. I'm sarcastic. This was the most unhelpful employee I've ever met at MGM, at a DEFCON, not MGM at a DEFCON. It was Mandalay at a black hat. Yep. Yeah, simple instructions were very difficult for that person. Now here, this is, if I started OpenAPS in April of 2016, that's the difference between the one right before it, that's 0.6 and that was only at night and doing very little work on my part because OpenAPS was taking care of all of that. So as soon as I got the nights under control, I got an immediate benefit on my A1C. And then continuing forward, now it's down to about six, three. And again, I don't do very much work anymore. So that's my personal change, let's talk industry change. Previously, these were monolithic systems, one device, one insulin pump, one sensor, none of it's interoperable. And this thing, it's as expensive as a regular insulin pump but it doesn't do anything really other than freak out. In fact, 40% of people leave this system which is supposed to have a very tiny bit of automation because they can't keep it, they can't keep it working enough to stay in that level of automation. And then it dumps them out to manual mode and then why do they even have it? It's not tunable and this is a very person-specific disease and it doesn't handle meals for you which is probably a good 90% of why I love OpenAPS because I'm probably not gonna overdose myself. So now the FDA, what they are doing is certifying devices separately and making sure that they are interoperable. So you have discrete CGM pumps, CGM devices, pumps and algorithms, they get certified themselves and then manufacturers get to make business decisions about which things interoperate. So the ICGM is the first one, there are alternate controller enabled that's an insulin pump which allows an outside entity to control the insulin pump. The smarts don't have to be integrated into the pump itself. And finally, the eye controller, that's the algorithm that is what OpenAPS is but there are no certified products yet. We think eventually very soon there will be. And plug and play is important. FDA isn't going to get the business of dictating which products work with, with which other products so long as the qualifications are met. And so none of this would be possible without the people behind the hashtag we're not waiting. It was a lot of people that were really tired of 90s garbage tech not handling this when really that's the goal of technology is to make your life better. We've all been told that there will be a cure in five years. These people were tired of being told that. One thing that I wanna emphasize, this is a group of non-doctors. These folks who started this changed an entire field of medicine and they are not themselves doctors and I think that's a huge, a huge good thing. Yeah, yeah, thank you. So let's talk about exponential growth. Everyone needs insulin. This is a biological fact. And lack of the hormone is not a question of lifestyles or choices or what this person could have done better. It is a lightning strike that could happen to any of you really at any moment.  It is like water and like air. So when predatory prices are levied on this drug it is the financial form of your money or your life kid. It's not great.  People are dying now and it's 2019. So just in June in California, three people under the age of 25 died because they did not have access to affordable insulin. This guy died like three days ago because he changed insulin to save for his wedding. The people that use the $25 Walmart insulin something to point to to say that insulin is cheap and available, that's what this guy switched to.  That's basically what this guy had to do. And yeah. So I have a graph here of several things that are indexed to overall inflation. That's that black line there. And we're doing great with some things. So like TVs, that's that bottom line. Like there's never been a better time to buy a TV. And then there are things that are below the line like cell phone service and new cars. Food, beverage and housing is right about at the middle line there, wages are a little higher. But then other essentials like college tuition and childcare and medical care services, they're up way, way high. And what I don't show you is the completion of that gold bar because that gold bar is 1,175% increase for the same formulation of the same insulin by the same brand 20 years later.  I kind of subscribe to this senator's feeling on this. Americans are getting price gouged because our government lets it happen. Other governments don't do that to their citizens. This is not meant to be a political statement or anything like that. But it's pretty evident that the medical paradigm in the United States is kind of busted. And this is one symptom of that. So I wanna take the time to acknowledge the many people that contribute to these projects. And I'm not getting the other hundreds of people that contribute to this. So Ben West, like I said, he's one of the key players here, Dana and Scott, they're kind of behind one of the ideas that produced Night Scout. Scott Hanselman, he's, again, that's the developer evangelist at Microsoft. He's got a huge megaphone. Xtrip.js, those guys are the ones that enable you to get the Bluetooth reading directly off the device. Glance, that's its website. It's really cool and it's very handy. Not at DEF CON when you have all your radios off though.  And then there's the Night Scout project. And I figured since I cited a formal medical paper, I would cite this one formally right here. That is that graph that the first one that showed 65% of good results and I'm sorry, I have time within range. And finally, I wanna thank my doctor. There are doctors that bounce their patients when they find that they're doing this. This one is amazing. He's supportive of it. He's had me show his students, his medical students, how it works and all about it. And I, man, he's getting up there. I fear the phone call that he's retiring like weekly. But yeah, he's amazing. He's the chief of endocrinology at a hospital and he is wonderful. So I talked a little about who I am, an intro to the disease. So we're all on the same page. Hardware and software and we talked about safety. Talked about iterative improvements over the course of the year, a few years. And people are welcome to come up and look at these at the end. Talked about results, both personally and industrial. And we talked about exponential growth. And so finally, I'd like to take any questions if I have time. Yes? What is the difference there that would cause him to die? So the question was what is the difference between the insulin that I mentioned at Walmart and the one that he was using? And the difference really is how precise it works on your body chemistry. The Walmart insulin does not give you the kind of control that you can achieve with other products. It also, it takes time for your body to adapt to a different formulation of insulin. And so that all of those things probably contributed to his death. Yes, sir? Would you say just a few more words about how much of the processing is happening locally and how much is happening on your server? So for the purposes of open APS, none of it happens on the internet or on the server. The server serves as kind of a dumping ground for data where it houses all that stuff. So everything that this needs to know as long as you tell it what time it is when it starts up is actually right here. Sorry, actually right here. And so theoretically, if you had good dense data storage, would you server Walmart? So theoretically, if you had good dense data storage, you wouldn't need your server anymore. I don't see why that is not true. Thank you. Yeah, yeah. Yes? One question. If you could have one other sensor or one other kind of input that you believe would help you control the situation even better, what would that be and why? No one's ever asked me that. I would have something that was telling me the speed at which my metabolism was operating because right now over several days of testing with certain pre-measured amounts of carbohydrates, I know from some evidence how my metabolism works, but that's pretty general and every food is different. So yeah, I would have something that did that and kind of informed this so that it could then say, oh, we're digesting things really fast, just dump more insulin in. Yeah. Right here. Oh wait, sorry, over there first. One, one. Have you ever had issues traveling or going through secure locations, having them believe, hey, this is a medical device given that it's a Raspberry Pi and- And it's got like a battery tape to it with wires coming out of it. Yeah, and the shaving pack. Yeah, yeah. So I'm gonna, the short answer is no and the long answer is Dana, who I mentioned earlier, makes it her mission. She does a lot of traveling and basically every time she gets on a plane, she like posts a picture of it after airport security and is like, no one even bad at an eye and even internationally that's been the case. So I imagine if I had to go to secure locations, which I suppose probably means no random electronics, right? This probably wouldn't be allowed. But yeah, in just in terms of like building security, no, no one's ever, oh, well, occasionally someone will ask about it and I say, oh, it's an artificial pancreas and they go, all right, and just kind of hand it back to me. So. Thank you. Yep, thank you. And then you, sir. Last question. Last question? All right. I guess this might be related to the metabolic rate, but how important is the amount of carbs that you put in whenever you eat them? For example, after exercise, you'll have a different glycemic response. Sure.  So what this is saying is until about five, no, all my clocks are off. Okay, at least until about five local time, this is going to set a temporary target of 120. And so what that does is it say, okay, I'm gonna go easy on the insulin. So if I know I'm going to exercise, I'm gonna want it to go easier on me. So I set one of these temporary targets and then it abides by that. So I think I had, yeah, nope. Okay, I'm sorry. We can talk later. But yeah, thanks everybody. Thank you.


Olivia Rodrigo continues to taste sweet success with her debut album Soar, which has now climbed back to the top spot of the Billboard 200. The premiere effort from the breakout star has dabbed its third non-consecutive week in pole positions as the LP jumps from number three to number one with 88,000 equivalent units sold in the latest track in week. Soar's sale are filled by hits such as Driver's License and Good For You, both of which topped the Billboard Hot 100. Elsewhere on the chart, rapper G Herbo scores a career-high debut with his fourth album 25, with launches at number five with 46,000 units sold. Dojiklad's Planet Her sits comfortably at number two with 68,000 sold a week after opening in the same spot. While last week's number one, Call Me If You Get Lost by Tyler the Creator drops five places to number six with 44,000 sold.


Hey everyone welcome back to Nintendo Prime and today we're going to be talking about games that Nintendo could possibly or maybe even likely be revealing this summer. That's right Nintendo might not be done with revealing 2022 games and we'll tell you why. Also we have news on another event happening by a company who has traditionally supported Nintendo a major third party company doing their own event this summer in August. It's going to be really exciting as obviously we are all sitting back waiting for Summer Game Fest and Jeff Keely to announce his dates. Apparently it's going to be a week long event we'll get into that in a moment as well. This is the first time you've seen a Nintendo Prime video I would appreciate if you would drop a like, subscribe to the channel, share with your friends and yeah before we say anything else I want to let you hear a word from our sponsor. This is Timmy and Timmy is having a hard time dealing with the constant drifting issues Nintendo Switcher's controller options provide. It's okay Timmy I was able to pick up another controller for you at our local Walmart.  It's okay Timmy I have one more controller for you to try. This is the King Kong 2 wireless controller and it's working flawlessly. The Gully Kick King Kong 2 wireless controller for Nintendo Switch is the first premium controller for Switch to feature the Hall Effect sensor joysticks. These are joysticks that use magnets instead of contact points to provide a zero drift experience. They also didn't want to just take care of drift they wanted to provide a zero compromise solution. The controller is wireless it has rumble it has full motion controls with the new custom motion sense and yes they even included amiibo functionality and because it's bluetooth it can be used with your PC. You can get this controller for yourself with the amazon link down below. Now let's go see how Timmy is doing. Hey Timmy are you happy with your new Switch controller? And again I want to thank Gully King Kong Pro 2 controller for sponsoring this video. This controller is actually personally one of my favorites controllers that I have ever used on Switch. I literally haven't used anything else since it arrived. Remember to use that amazon link down in the description it was great about amazon and I didn't mention this in the ad was hey you know what amazon gives you the hassle free worry free ordering process because you know you don't like the controller you can just get a refund. They even advertise this all the time on Twitter the official account for this company. So anyways let's get into what we're going to talk about today the main topics and look first I'm going to start with this summer. So look we all know this summer is going to be a big one for video game news. Yes E3 was canceled but E3 you know the biggest deal with E3 isn't even the press conference. E3 itself is a trade show and honestly we haven't had a trade show since 2019 it sounds like yeah there was a bit of a hot mess happening in 2020 if there was going to be a trade show aka if the pandemic didn't happen and I found this out by listening to Jeff Keely he did a Twitter space back on April Fool's Day of all things but this wasn't a joke he was taking a bunch of questions about his summer event called summer game fest and we learned a bunch of things about this that could pertain to Nintendo and the industry on the whole and one of it was obviously that E3 was sort of in hot water once PlayStation backed out of it back in 2019 that was the first year that Sony was like sorry we're done we don't like the direction of E3 we're not going to participate and that was sort of the first massive hammer on the head to E3 and then you know the pandemic hit and it sounds like whatever they were planning for 2020 was not going well and the ESA has maybe kind of lost the ball when it comes to running industry events. You'll see I know the ESA has dedicated themselves to doing an in-person E3 in 2023 but if they can't get Sony, Xbox and Nintendo all together I'm not so sure that it's really gonna go that well for them but that doesn't really matter because we also learned through this that summer game fest is going to be roughly a week long now when he says a week long he doesn't necessarily mean that it's going to be seven days full of nonstop gaming news but there will be a kickoff event and then he is going to obviously let these companies sort of organize their own event so it sounds like what summer game fest is going to be this year is basically what we're used to with E3 in the past except spread out over more days so if you like E3 press conferences that's basically what this event is going to be it's going to have a kickoff event with a bunch of game reveals that are going to tease other things and then there's going to be separate individual events for different companies so like the PC gaming show or Microsoft doing its own thing or Nintendo Directive Nintendo participates PlayStation doing its own press conference you're going to see Ubisoft do its own press car so it sounds like a lot of what E3 used to be except not jam packed into a two or three day slate but instead spread out over a week which is interesting because it actually enables there to be more companies involved besides just the big one so in the past at E3 we've always focused on the EA press conference the Ubisoft press conference Bethesda Microsoft Nintendo PlayStation and those were really the only ones that got a lot of pub devolver digital did as well over a bit of time because they ended up doing some pretty hilarious ones including last year at summer game fest they had a really hilarious one but this does allow more companies to participate in this since it's spread out over a week instead of just trying to pack everything in to a three-day slate and I suspect that this is going to end up where a major company is going to like try to dedicate a whole day like let's say summer game fest the kickoff event lands on a Monday you know let's say Tuesday Microsoft wants to be the big company that goes that day and then maybe there's a couple other indie companies that you know throw out their own events that day as well and let's say PlayStation wants to end the event on Friday or whatever so we'll see how it's all gonna line up and it sounds like the dates are going to be announced really really soon and the way that Jeff Keely views summer game fest and the way that he can umbrella all these companies events around it is he wanted to find a way to take all of the companies that want to unveil stuff this summer and organize it in a way that's easier to consume for people who want to consume and not miss any of this gaming news in a semi-shorter period of time rather than hey when's the next Nintendo Direct gonna happen when's the next Microsoft event when's the next this one's gonna you'll know because it'll all be neatly organized under the summer game fest umbrella so I kind of like this approach and again we don't know if Nintendo's participating in summer game fest they're not listed as a partner company yet and unfortunately in that Twitter space that Jeff Keely did none of the people he brought on asked him the direct question has he been talking to Nintendo they aren't a partner company yet but it would have been I think a neat question to ask hey you know have you had conversations with Nintendo and then possibly participating in summer game fest hopefully that is something that comes up in the future or just gets announced now all of that being said what are we talking about with summer games getting unveiled this summer well on the Nate the Hate podcast we talked yesterday about how yeah it sounded like MVG you know modern vintage gamer and Nate the Hate both had independent sources from Ubisoft that seem to be confirming a late you know a pretty solid late 2022 release date for Mario plus Rabbids sparks of hope but they also talked in this podcast about things they're hearing about that could be announced this summer and you know one thing they heard is potentially packaging together the Wind Waker and Twilight Princess HD now this builds on old rumors from last year you know from people like Jeff Grubb so it would be really interesting to see if they would be willing to package those games together because they actually would probably sell really well on their own and no other Wii U ports really been packaged together with another Wii U game so it would be strange to see Twilight Princess and Wind Waker HD together as a one package but Nintendo could also look at this as hey this is our last opportunity to get both of these games out on Switch and packaging them together would just make sense and make it a great value buy for the summer so they could potentially announce that at a June Nintendo Direct but more than that they actually dive into a few other things that could be announced during a June Direct and this is where we get to maybe some of the more juicy stuff and that being Metroid Prime remake now some one of them had heard it's still a trilogy one at her and it's just a Metroid Prime one remake either way they suspect that it's going to get announced at this event and that could potentially be another game that somehow gets slotted into Nintendo's already packs late also they talked about how Splatoon 3 is still on target as well so I found all of that to be really really interesting on setting our expectations for what Nintendo could announce that could still be this year they didn't really dive too much into what Nintendo could announce for next year although they did note that there could be a revision of hardware somewhere in the mix still at Nintendo and that they're hearing that next generation will be 2024 or beyond take that for what it is these are obviously not people that have direct knowledge modern vintage gamer is an actual game developer but you know he's noted several times he doesn't have any newer dev kits himself and that because of the companies he works for being smaller indie studios they likely would not have those sorts of dev kits early until it's already announced that being said we also know about another major summer event happening and this is really cool because thq Nordic has announced a digital showcase for august so as announced today the event will be happening on august 12th it's happening at 12 p.m pacific 3 p.m eastern time so for me that's 2 p.m central time it'll be 8 p.m in the uk and 9 p.m in europe uh and yeah it sounds like we're gonna get a bunch of games shown here including another look at spongebob squarepants the cosmic shake which is supposedly coming to switch we'll see we did get you know other spongebob games but there's gonna probably be a handful of thq nordic games that are likely going to be coming to switch they have actually done a good job supporting switch so far no this isn't the thq of all but thq nordic's actually done quite a good job revitalizing and doing a lot with franchises obviously people want to know if there'll be another dark ciders or what other surprises there could be uh but hey we now we know it's going to happen in august it's obviously is not happening around the same time as summer game fest so that is giving us a different event to look forward to but hey that's an end of summer event you know summer game fest is the beginning of summer event i think that this works really really well and we're going to get a ton of games announced for nintendo switch in fact go down to the comments below and tell me what thq nordic games do you want to see and which ones do you think will be coming to switch now all of that being said i want to thank you guys so much for tuning in i am nathan your ruffle jen's from nintendo prime and i want to use the end of this uh show here to just give a shout out to my son uh good old timmy obviously his name isn't actually timmy uh but i want to thank my son for for being a true professional for that sponsored segment today he had a lot of fun and this is the first ever sponsored segment that i've included anyone uh in my house and uh it was a complete original idea that i had to kind of do an infomercial style uh show like that and and to use uh you know or not really use ask one of my children if they would like to participate and he was taking direction like a champ uh he listened he did everything uh the way that i wanted him to and it really worked out really well and also a shout out to my fiance for being the camera woman uh this time around and you know as i was literally playing a director role i don't know that i've ever done a director role before because i'm usually the one that's on camera making it all happen i'm not usually the one behind the camera trying to direct and explain things and and you know i was reading off partial scripts to kind of give a feel to it and it was a lot of fun um and you guys let me know what you thought about that ad spot as well i haven't done a lot of ad spots like that and i don't know how many more of them i'm going to be doing like that because they do take a lot more time to put together uh but that's how much i really believe in this controller i know i can't you know you got to take everything i say about this controller over the massive green assault because the company did pay me to advertise it but uh this is for my money the best switch controller i've ever used and uh no drift they're just there there's so many good features about this the rumble has five different settings the triggers you know i don't know i'm not going to go into all the features right now maybe we'll do a dedicated video on it but it's tough for me i got this mental block where i shouldn't do that because they paid me so it's impossible for you to say you're unbiased uh all i can say is i'm never using any other you know standard controller again for switch but this one so that's uh my personal take all right folks that's it i'll catch you guys in the next video


Coming up on DTNS, a display technology that will increase power efficiency in your phone by 25%. Annalie Newitz is here to talk about how tech has helped fans impact the content they love. Also, Yikyak is back. This is the Daily Tech News for Tuesday, August 17th, 2021 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And I'm the show's producer, Roger Chang. Joining us Annalie Newitz, journalist, editor, podcaster, host of Our Opinions Are Correct and author of Four Law Cities, A Secret History of the Urban Age. Welcome back, Annalie. Hey, thanks for having me back, guys. We were just talking about county fair food. Well, actually all kinds of fair food, state fair, county fair on good day internet. If you'd like that wider conversation, become a member at patreon.com slash DTNS, where you can join our top patrons like Ms. Music Teacher, James C. Smith, and Justin Zellers. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. Google released the Pixel 5a. It's the bargain version of the already fairly mid-range Pixel 5. The 5a has IP67 water resistance, 4,680 mAh battery, 2.2 megapixel main rear camera, I'm sorry, 12.2 megapixel main rear camera with optical image stabilization, only offers sub six gigahertz 5G. So no millimeter wave or c-band support, which rules it out in a few parts of the world. Pixel 5a is available for pre-order in Japan and the US for $449, shipping August 26th. Separately, Google announced that the 5a will be the last Pixel phone it will make to include a charger in the box. CES 2022 will be a hybrid online and in-person event. And the CTA announced Tuesday that if you want to attend CES in person, you'll have to show proof of a COVID-19 vaccination. The CTA will allow, or sorry, will also follow other protocols as recommended by the US CDC. CES takes place in Las Vegas, January 5th through the 8th. Only fans, sure, mostly known for its NSFW content, has released an app called OFTV, Only Fans TV, which contains no nudity and is therefore available on iOS, Android, Roku and Amazon Fire. Chief Executive Officer of Only Fans, Tim Stokely told Bloomberg the company is able to be on the app store since there's no adult content and no monetization in OFTV. The service is free and ad-free. Tinder announced it will bring the ID verification system it offers in Japan to all of its users worldwide in the coming quarters. ID verification will begin as voluntary and Tinder will work with experts in each country to determine which documents are most appropriate for that country. The magnetic stripe. We salute your slow departure. Mastercard announced the beginning in 2024. It will no longer require that little black stripe on the back of its partner credit cards in Europe. US has until 2027 and the rest of the world until 2029 and all magnetic stripes will be gone from Mastercard debit and credit cards by 2033. Those cards will all either have a chip or contactless tech like NFC by then. All right, I mentioned Yik Yak. Anybody remember Yik Yak? Who was a big Yik Yak fan? Who was on the Yik Yak? Oh, I mean, I think it was a thing to dabble in, but like Camelot, it was a silly place. We didn't know who was on Yik Yak in the early days because it was an anonymous social app that connected you with conversations from other users nearby. It ran from 2013 until 2017 when it was sold to Square and then shut down.  Well, a group has bought the rights from Square back in February and relaunched Yik Yak. Users can post and comment on posts from other users within a five mile radius. You can vote those posts up and down. There's a hot feed compiling the top voted posts from the last 24 hours and posts that get a negative five score will be hidden. While the service is anonymous, there is a list of what they call community guard rails to prohibit, quote, anything that could be construed as bullying, abuse, defamation, harassment, stalking, or targeted hate or public humiliation, as well as sharing personal information. Violations can lead to an immediate ban. They have a one strike and you're out policy. So why? Why bring back Yik Yak?  So the idea of the relaunch is apparently to promote conversation without labels, without people knowing who you are, what you're like, what your status is. In fact, the site says the most popular celebrity on earth appears exactly the same as an average person on Yik Yak. I looked at my neighborhood and when I looked at it earlier today, a lot of talk about sex, favorite types of pot, getting ready for school. So it didn't really feel like things had changed a lot. Do we need Yik Yak? Is there a place for Yik Yak? Do they have it right this time if they figured it out? What I think is so funny about the new Yik Yak is if you go to the website, they don't say who owns this company. They say they're the new Yik Yak. They say, hi, we're the owners. So this anonymity extends to the owner. So it's a little hard to know what they're aiming at without knowing who they are. I looked them up on LinkedIn to see if I could find out anything about where they're located or who these people are. The only information I could get was that the majority of their employees are located in Turkey, which may just mean that they have a developer team in Turkey. It's really hard to say, but they're obviously a global company now. And yeah, I'm dubious. I'm like, is Yik Yak supposed to be telegram but for pot? I don't really know why we needed it, but they're sailing along. I've always had a soft spot in my heart for Yik Yak mostly because when I initially got onto Twitter, and I forget what the app was initially, but it had exactly this format where it was like, you could just swipe to the right and it was now just all the tweets that were around my physical area based on location. And that effectively is what Yik Yak is, although theoretically made to be a little bit more focused on those kinds of conversations. It just so happens that anonymous conversations that happened locally wind up being about things like sex pot and where to get the best back to school deals, at least in Tom's regional neighborhood. And I would presume that that's probably similar throughout other places. Eventually, can this be a thing? Is this idea of local chatter important? Yeah. I mean, I think in terms of Nextdoor and some other similar apps that have tried to find the communities where you can talk to neighbors and it facilitates that conversation that a interaction physically doesn't lend itself to quite possibly. I don't know if Yik Yak is the brand that's going to do it. Oftentimes the medium is the message when it comes to online communities and Yik Yak had such a reputation for partying and weed dealing that I don't know if this is going to advance beyond it. And they also had an incredible reputation for abuse. Any company that launches its new website with a giant link to suicide hotline and suicide prevention information right there on their front page, you got to wonder what's going on here, guys. That's good information to have, of course, all the time. But if that's your first step forward in your service, I think maybe you're anticipating that things are going to get a little dark. Yeah. It's almost like you doth protest too much. You know what's coming. It says on the website they're made with love in Nashville, Tennessee, apparently also Turkey. I mean Nashville and Istanbul, two great cities. For anyone who was wondering, Blue Dream and Gorilla Glue. Those are the two recommended strains on Yik Yak. Well, Blue Dream is a classic. You want to know what else is a classic, the Android operating system. And they have something called Switch Access, which lets accessories connect by USB or Bluetooth touch control targets. This enables accessibility devices to work with Android. Well, now Google is rolling out camera switch. This lets you control certain phone functions with facial expressions. You can choose from one or two switches.  Two switches let you use one or more gestures.  By default, you associate expressions with next select and pause. And you can add previous touch and hold, scroll forward and back, home, back, notifications, quick settings and overview. Users are notified when the feature is active and the camera is in use and all processing is done on the device. Camera switch is available for Pixel phones running Android 12 right now. Yeah, the only thing I find negative about this story is that it's only on the Pixel, but Google often does that to kind of load test features before they make them available, especially with accessibility stuff. So hopefully they will speed that along. Hopefully it all goes well. But an excellent set of accessibility standards. The switch, if you're not familiar with Switch Access, things like blow tubes and everything can interface with Android because of that. So this is huge for people who only have control of facial muscles to be able to interact with the phones. Great. Yeah, absolutely. I think that if one of the most heartwarming stories we are, we are very, very quick in our black mirror world to point out every negative thing that has come along with our interconnectivity via smart devices in the internet. But one of the things that I do always like to point out is that accessibility that has come along with these smartphones in our pocket is something that has evolved at a very rapid pace and continues to give people that otherwise would not have access to a lot of the stuff, very, very easy in your pocket access to, you know, the things that we take for granted as able-bodied people. Yeah, it's terrific. All right. You might get more battery life out of future phones thanks to a new display technology from Samsung. Now reminder, reminder to those unaware, Samsung displays are used in lots of phones, not just phones made by Samsung mobile. We're talking about Samsung Display Company. Samsung Display Company announced a new OLED panel called ECO 2 OLED with the 2 as an exponent. It makes it really hard to type, but that's how they, they, they spilled it. It gets rid of a polarizer layer and they claim it uses 25% less power as a result, which is a big jump. OLED panels are copper colored. So to make your screen look black, a polarizer layer is put in between to only let light from the display itself go through the glass. Otherwise you'd get a reflected copper color from your screen. That polarizer layer absorbs some of the light as it does this. Samsung estimates about 33% of it, meaning you need more power if you want to keep that screen bright. So Samsung has created a non reflective OLED panel that appears black and therefore doesn't need that polarizer layer, which means you're not absorbing 33% of the light. Samsung Display says that ECO 2 OLED has already been implemented in the forthcoming Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3. And there's another technology out there developed by Apple called LPTO that also saves battery life in a different way. That one lets the device dynamically change the refresh rate so that you're not always sending power through all parts of the screen. That's how the Series 5 Apple Watch can always be on without draining the battery. So between these two technologies, Anantek notes that coming phones should see a significant jump in power efficiency and longer lasting battery as a result. That's exceptional. Anytime, I mean, when you really look at what people in their daily driver use of their phones, yes, there are edge cases in terms of what people want to do in terms of pushing hardware to their absolute maximum. But the two things that an average user thinks about when they get a new phone or are frustrated with their old one is the camera and the battery. That's it. The more that you can build in ways that as our phones get more complex and are doing different things and are more interconnected to the internet and therefore burning that battery at a higher rate, the more you can save on that, I think the better the baseline experience is going to be for not only power consumers, but all consumers. Yeah, it's super fantastic. And I love how we see such incredible leaps forward with OLED technology all the time. I remember when they were first talking about how to bend it, and I'm looking forward to OLED devices where I can just fold them up, stick them in my pocket, and then pull it back out and open it up like a map. That's kind of what I imagine will be the end game here is something that's super light, has really great battery life, and just looks like a folded up piece of paper. Yeah, I remember the first time I saw an OLED screen at CES years and years ago, and it was tiny. It was like seven inches, and they were bragging about how they'd gotten it to seven inches. And it was like, man, someday I guess we'll see this in TVs. And of course, now we do. This technology in particular, I'm not sure if it benefits TVs a lot. It could make them more power efficient, obviously. But I don't know if it changes your experience of the TV, I guess, but still excellent for any battery-powered device that it ends up going into. Yeah. All next week is DTNS Experiment Week. While much of the world is on vacation, we're swapping out our normal Daily Tech News show and trying out some new show ideas hosted by DTNS producers and contributors. So we're going to have a Chris Ashley-hosted barbecue tech show. Jen Cutter's got a state video game show coming. Rob Dunwood's got a real cool second look at tech. Rich Strafolino's Ask a Luddite is coming and a few others. It all starts next week. So be prepared. Not your normal DTNS starting Monday, August 23rd on all the regular DTNS feeds. Annalie recently wrote a guest essay in the New York Times called From Loki to Brooklyn Nine-Nine. Fans are calling the shots. Annalie, your overall topic was the growth of fan influence on how content is created going back to the renewal of Star Trek and even beyond for a third season in the 1960s to studios developing shows like Loki sort of in response to meme activity. What are some recent examples of this fan influence? Yeah. So as I said in the piece and in the title, if you're enjoying the new season of Brooklyn Nine-Nine, which just started, that was partly a result of a fan campaign to bring the show back for a final season. The idea of a fan campaign influencing TV has been going on for quite a while now. One of the things that I was sort of embarrassed to recount in that article was that I was a huge Vampire Diaries fan, as many right-thinking people are, and that was a show where the fans kind of took charge of the main romantic couple. The fans really wanted to see the main character date the bad boy. There's two brothers, of course, she's dating both of them at various points and one's a nice boy and one's a bad boy, and the writers kept saying like we want her to be with the nice guy or some other guy. The fans put so much pressure on them to put her back with Damon, the bad boy, that they finally caved. And that was a huge controversy. Another huge controversy that folks probably remember is that the show runners of the show Westworld were reading the subreddits devoted to Westworld and were trying to figure out if the fans were ahead of the plot. And if fans started to figure out too much, they would try to change the plot in advance to prevent them from figuring out the different loopholes and weird twists in the show, which I'd say were mixed results. But this all goes back over 100 years to a fan campaign to bring back Sherlock Holmes from the dead.   They wrote letters, they canceled subscriptions to the magazine that was running Sherlock Holmes stories, serialized dramas. And finally, under huge amounts of pressure, Arthur Conan Doyle did what I think might be the first modern retcon where he, in Hound of the Baskervilles, is like, well, you thought that Sherlock was dead, but actually when he fell off that cliff, he survived somehow. And he's back. So Hound of the Baskervilles is in fact a retcon, beloved to all fans of the Marvel Universe, of course. So yeah, I was really interested in how recently we've seen so many fan campaigns organized online and how that's sort of changing from the traditional like letter writing campaign or just sort of tweeting a little bit here and there. Yeah, because there's more access between the creators and the fans, more real time access between the creators and fans. Therefore, no amount of vervein could stop the Vampire Diaries fans from influencing what is going to happen. So that is the story of the internet, right? Oh, we've got more access, more communication, and it starts good, but are non-fans taking advantage of that pipeline? Yeah, so that was one of the things that I found out as I was researching this piece is that Hollywood studios are starting to hire fan consultants to help them kind of separate out, I guess what you might call legitimate fan requests or legitimate fan upswell in in support for a show or a movie. And to tell that apart from basically troll farms, you know, agents who are working for even a state power or who are just part of a political movement. And a really great example of how this plays out on the internet was with James Gunn, who was the director of the original Guardians of the Galaxy film. And he, in fact, the new Suicide Squad movie is his film as well. So he is a really outspoken guy on Twitter. He said a lot of crappy stuff back in the day. And he kind of apologized for the crappy sex of stuff he said back in the day, but in the present day at the time that he got caught up in a fan controversy, he was criticizing Donald Trump a lot in great detail and with lots of flowery language, shall we say. And Trump supporters organized an online campaign masquerading as fans and demanding that Disney take him off the franchise, which they did. They caved to pressure. And so he was taken off that. And that's why he ended up doing Suicide Squad. But then a new fan campaign came along and created its own pressure. And now he's back on Guardians of the Galaxy. And this is a perfect example of how it's really hard to tell real fan sentiment from people who were just engaging in kind of political trolling. These were just people who were pissed at James Gunn because they didn't like his political beliefs. So it's become really hard in a lot of instances to tell the difference between what the fans really want and what is propaganda, basically. I think that that's a fascinating example, too, because the James Gunn thing really can't be separated from what happened with Roseanne only weeks prior, where this was a political back and forth where Roseanne gets removed from her show for making controversial comments toward the liberal side. And so then a side on the opposite side of the aisle is selected. Old tweets are resurrected and now all of a sudden Disney feels like they're in a position where they need to equally punish these two people. But really, this had very little Roseanne's show and Guardians of the Galaxy have very little to do with each other. Not a shared universe, no. No, although that would be an interesting shared universe. Look, the faster we can get John Goodman in the MCU, I am very, very thrilled for it. Oh, same. I do think, and same with Laurie McCabe, I think that there's really a, the internet is in charge of the internet's own story. And it's so fascinating to look at these other industries seeing it as a mirror for how people are processing their product when really it's as much about the back and forth as it is anything else. Yeah. And I think, I mean, what I would say is it's easy to think, okay, fandom is becoming this kind of terrible place where people are just screaming about stuff and they aren't really expressing love for their shows and their books. But I talked to Tracy Dionne when I was working on this article, she's a fantastic fantasy writer. Her latest book is called Legend Born. And she came up through fandom and this book that she just published, it's become a huge bestseller, it already has its own fandom. And she really feels like having a fandom community online is what helped her become an author and to break in. And she and a lot of other BIPOC writers and women and queer writers have found a place where they can prove that their writing is going to be popular and financially lucrative for publishers. And so it helps groups that have traditionally been kept out of publishing to make a case for their work being brought into kind of the mainstream where it of course has belonged all along. But publishing is a slow moving beast and doesn't necessarily, has not yet necessarily gotten out of the 1950s mindset. And so having fandom is, it's diversifying lots of genre, whether the publishing industry is excited about that or not, it's just happening. Yeah, when I was reading that part of your essay about the influence of fan fiction as part of all this, it really reminded me of, I don't know if anybody's familiar with Wattpad or similar type platforms where people can publish their fan fiction and get a following. And people who do that sort of thing in China are frequently turned into hit television shows in China. And similarly in Korea, webtoons, a lot of webtoons bubble up and become hit television shows. So I almost feel like the US and Europe needs to take a cue. There's a goldmine of content to be mined there in the fan fiction world. Yeah, here in the States, we have archive of our own. If folks are interested in looking at really quality fan fiction, start there. And in Hollywood, yes, keep an eye out. It is crazy that post 50 Shades of Grey, which started in that realm that there wasn't a hunt for literally every, like instead of making a random screenwriter say, oh, we wanted this plus of this, just literally go get the fan fiction version of these exact characters and change the names. Yeah. I mean, I think that's the next phase for sure. You know, we're going to be as soon as the zoomers are in control, that's like our whole media landscape is going to be fanfic. And I am here for it. All right, Justin, what do we got to do before we get out of here? Well, Tom, I'm glad you asked before we get out of here. There's a couple of robot stories in the news. And Annalie, if you're willing, I'd like to find out which robot appeals to you more. Now they both may appeal to you like some kind of robot reality show, but we do need you to pick just one. Here's robot candidates. Let's call them robot candidate A. Another Boston Dynamics Robo demo video. This one shows the bipedal Atlas robot doing flips and vaults and other gymnastics feats and even recovering from an almost fall. And to Boston Dynamics credit, there's a second video that actually goes into some detail explaining how it was done and the significance of the tech involved and how it benefits Boston Dynamics engineers. But maybe you are more interested in robot candidate B. It's the launch of a pizza making robot from the company Picnic just announced at the International Pizza Expo and Conference in Las Vegas. Picnic pizza robots are out of the pilot phase and can be ordered under a robotics as a service model for the low, low price of $3,500 to $5,000 a month. Pre-orders are now shipping after the first of or are now open and they will be shipped after the first of the year. Annalie, what do you think the Boston Dynamics gymnastics robot or the pizza robot for the $5,000 a month fee? The low, low price. The robot that pays for itself in pizza. I was initially really tempted by the pizza bot because of course everybody loves pizza. But I looked into it and it's nothing more than just a standard kind of assembly line machine. It isn't really a robot. If it had been an actual humanoid cutting up all of the sausage and tossing it on and throwing the dough in the air, then call me when that's happening.  I'm going to have to go with the Boston Dynamics robots. I fear them. I love watching them. I like to see them jumping up on top of boxes. That's always exciting. If we're lucky, they'll be making pizza in the next video from Boston Dynamics. It could happen. I agree. I'm for the Boston Dynamics robot because eventually they're going to gain sentience and just scan the entire internet. I want you guys to know. I was always with you. We're on your side. Folks, if you've only seen the parkour tricks, which are very impressive, definitely watch the behind the scenes video because it's the most transparent that Boston Dynamics has ever been. You see them falling over and getting broken and getting fixed. They show some really interesting ways they go about making this in that video. Well, Boston Dynamics gets the rose. All right, let's check out the mailbag. Nick just wrote in quickly because we were talking about the company making ice cream out of whey protein secreted by a fungus. So no animals involved ice cream. Nick says, can we please have more stories on food made without having to kill or exploit animals? I look forward to not having to kill a cow for my steak. Nick, I can't make them happen. But yes, we will keep an eye out for these kinds of stories if you're into it for sure because they're coming fast and furious. Yeah, I will say one of our favorite vegan ice creams that we found in the bay was this brand called Brave Robot, which that's the one we were talking about yesterday. Oh, perfect then. Yeah. Brave Robot. Amazing. Go get it. So good. Yeah, I love to milk fungus. That's like my favorite. I plan to retire and become a fungus milker. That's, you know, after I'm done as a tech podcaster. Feedback at DailyTechNewsShow.com. Keep those emails coming. Special thanks to EO, one of our top lifetime supporters for DTNS. Been with us. May not hear that name a lot, but been with us for a long time, helping us out at a top level. Thanks to all the years of support to EO. And remember, if you are a new boss, we haven't had a new boss in a while.  Maybe I'd like to hear my name at the end of the show. You can get it like that. Just become a new boss, patreon.com. slash DTNS. Thank you, Annalie Newitz, as always. Let folks know what you've got going on because you always have some great stuff. Sure. You can always listen to my podcast. It's called Our Opinions Are Correct. You can get it where any fine podcast is found. And we have a new episode that just came out about how to do research for your writing if you're interested in writing some science fiction. We're always on that. And yeah, you can always find my latest articles on The New York Times or on my website, which is AnnalieNewitz.com. Excellent. Thank you so much, Annalie. It's always great having you. Yeah, great to be here. Justin, Robert Young, do you have any intelligent and fine smelling guests coming up on Politics, Politics, Politics? Funny, you should mention that, Tom Merritt. We have a guest called Tom Merritt on the show tomorrow. He talked about all of the technology spending that is in the bipartisan infrastructure bill, which although it is currently in a log jam between two sides of the Democratic Party in the house right now, we expect will eventually be passed what is in there and not only what is being spent, but also the cryptocurrency tax revenue that will possibly pay for it all explained on the Politics, Politics, Politics podcast featuring your boy Tom Merritt out tomorrow. That was a blast. Go check it out, folks. Don't forget we are live Monday through Friday for 30 p.m. Eastern 2030 UTC. Find out more at DailyTechNewsShow.com slash live. Back tomorrow with Scott Johnson. Talk to you then.


Hey, this is Brett and this 2022 Ford F-250 Crew Cab Short Box XL STX FX4 is stock number 14308Z. I'm here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters this 2022 Ford F-250 has a 6.7 liter power stroke diesel engine puts out 475 horsepower, 1,050 foot-pounds of torque it's paired up with the 10-speed automatic transmission this truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go still has all the remaining factory bumper to bumper and powertrain warranty on it. I'm going to go all the way around in this video inside underneath. Start it up take a look under the hood just give you the most accurate representation that I can of the truck a gate black metallic is a color I shoot all my videos in 4k if you like the video subscribe to the YouTube channel click the bell notifications and get updates on the videos I do each and every day and stay current on the vast and ever-changing inventory that comes through here at Summit Automotive this one comes with the painted 18 inch silver alloy wheels it has Goodyear Wrangler all-terrain adventure tires these tires have just about all the tread left on them this truck only has about 2,000 miles on it frame and underbody is extremely clean on it as well this is a one owner clean title history clean car facts out of Virginia front fenders absolutely perfect headlights are nice and clear front bumper and lower valance are very nice and clean as well no dense or dings on there and it does come with the chrome trimmed grill the hood is in excellent condition as well no major dense or imperfections on there and the passengers side front fender is absolutely perfect passengers side front wheel no major scuffs or scrapes on there and a gate black metallics got just a little bit of metal flake in it and see it's got some golds some blues if it'll focus here there we go so really a cool color you can see just how nice and clean that paint is and as you go down this side of this two thousand and twenty-two Ford F 250 take note of how clean the body is how reflective and mirror like that paint is as well I take these HD videos so if you're far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle you can see the vehicle hear the vehicle and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here so when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at now if this video helps you make that buying decision let your salesman know that you saw the video that it was helpful and that Brett sent you back wheels in excellent shape back tires have just as much tread as the front tires and the frame and under body is absolutely perfect back here has all the remaining factory exhaust so it hasn't been altered in any way and like a brand new truck underneath here lower rockers and cab corners all look fantastic and it does come with the really nice factory chrome step bars does have the FX for off-road suspension package with the skid plates and everything protecting the under body of the truck rear bumpers in excellent shape no denser dings on that it does have the full towing package of course with receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring the tailgate is in excellent condition I didn't see any denser dings on there and the bed looks like it's been used very minimally a little bit of light duty usage but nothing too bad and the inside of the tailgate is pretty nice too shuts nice and solidly and as we go down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger side look how reflective that paint is this is about as close to a brand new truck as you're going to get back wheels in excellent shape as well and the driver's side cab and doors are all fantastic this one does have the telescopic tow mirrors they're heated built-in directional signals a telescope out like so and fold in like that take a quick look at the back seats they are in fantastic condition I'd be highly surprised if anyone's even sat back here latch child safety system for any child car seats you may have fixed glass rear window with the built-in rear defrost these seats do fold up you get a nice flat floor back here and factory floor mats as well the seats lock into place pull that strap they come on down like so child safety locks on the back doors inside and bottoms of the doors are all very nice as well show you the vins sticker no previously owned in Canada trucks here tire and loading information sticker inside the XL package gives you the light gray cloth interior the 4020 40 split bench seating in the front no rips no tears on these seats smells very clean inside this truck I don't think it's ever been smoked in factory floor mats up front auto head lamps tilt telescopic steering wheel power windows locks and mirrors will hop inside check out the miles radio and everything that this truck has to offer on the interior get the nice built-forward top animation at the beginning there digital speedometer digits digital compass as well instrument clusters very nice and clean comes with the multifunction steering wheel cruise controls and information center controls on the left Bluetooth and audio controls on the right there's your shifter for that 10 speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift this one comes with the sink 8 inch radio you can see it does have serious XM radio capabilities so AM FM serious and Bluetooth capabilities as well you get all your different apps here including forward pass connect Apple CarPlay and Android Auto this is also where your backup camera shows up and here are some more apps that's everything it has factory exhaust brakes stability control downhill assist control hazard lights down here is your turn dial four-wheel drive factory brake controller your more tactile volume tune and climate controls down here is a USB and a USB-C 12-volt powerpoint and then you get another 12-volt powerpoint 110 volt 400 watt plug-in nice cubby there and glovebox passenger side format and seat are absolutely perfect no rips no tears and once again as trucks have never been smoked in the headliner is absolutely perfect you get six auxiliary upfit switches right there map lights and let's start it up take a look under the hood starts right up no check engine lights or anything like that there's your backup camera you can see that is working nicely and you can zoom in on your receiver hitch to get hooked up to your boat camper or trailer the first time every time I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality condition options and of course cleanliness of this truck all the way around inside and out just about one of the cleanest F 250s we have on our lot hands down under the hood we have a six point seven liter power stroke diesel engine engine base very clean runs very smooth and once again this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off per the state of Wisconsin inspection process shocks are doing a nice job holding that hood up there is the emissions sticker and I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint I'd ship this one to California Texas New York Florida back to Virginia whoever's gonna get this truck's gonna absolutely love it and once again to see more pictures of this truck or one of other 550 new and use cars trucks SUVs minivans wranglers half tons three-quarter tons one tons you name it we got to go to the website right there summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto click the bell notifications get updates in the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle walk-arounds on YouTube and staying current on our ever-changing vast inventory here at summit auto in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel the upper left a link to all the F-250 videos I've ever done in the upper right a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos and more right click those check us out we're super excited to help you with this ultra clean 2022 Ford F-250 crew cab short box XL STX FX4 in a gate black metal thanks again for checking out the video remember to like subscribe and share on the YouTube channel I really appreciate it thanks again