SCP-666 Object Class Euclid Special Containment Procedures SCP-666 to be stored in a monitor closed at all times at Site-73 in the Tibetan Mountains. Guards are to be changed weekly and must pass a background check before being assigned to their posts and proven free of drug and alcohol addiction. SCP-666 is only to be entered by D-Class personnel in approved testing procedures or approved Foundation researchers from Level 4 or higher security clearance. Non-D-Class personnel who enter SCP-666, whether or not they have revealed a prior history of addiction, must be observed by a guard at all times. If they show any sign of being affected by SCP-666, they are to be removed immediately. Description SCP-666 is a medium-sized Tibetan yurt made of tight wooden branches and covered in yak leather. The interior ceiling is 8 foot high and the base of the yurt is 30 feet. The hut is circular in shape. The interior of the yurt appears to be as crude as the outside to the majority of observers with a dirt floor. The branches that make up the yurt frame are wrapped in rabbit fur and tied with yak leather thongs. Periodically, SCP-666 will change its location within the confinement area. This will only happen when not under direct observation, but remote viewing gives the impression of an entity inside the structure lifting it wholly and moving it to its new position. To date, it has not made any attempt to escape confinement. SCP-666 was discovered in 1973 by SCP operatives, searching the mountain regions on reports of several missing persons having returned from the area giving similar explanations. Seeking shelter during harsh weather, the individuals who would happen upon SCP-666 by seemingly happenstance. Having gone out in similar conditions, the exploration team also were able to discover the yurt. Of the three operatives present, two experienced no ill effects. The third entered a stupor, experiencing vivid hallucinations and muttering incoherently to himself. Upon retrieval of the team, the yurt was recovered and taken to nearby Site-73 for further investigation. When an individual with no history of significant addictions entered the yurt, the yurt remains dormant and seems to have no ill effects. Class D personnel without a history of alcohol or narcotics abuse were able to sit inside the yurt for days at a time provided proper nourishment, but did report a greater intensity in their dreams. Individuals who have a history of substance abuse, however, will experience a hallucinogenic effect when inside the structure. In all instances, the subjects report being in a location either from their memories or a corollary thereof. Specifically, a spot where their addiction was at its most intense. Thus far, there have been reports of a nightclub bathroom, a 1973 Volkswagen Vanagon, a filthy alleyway, the ██████████ casino in Las Vegas, etc. One subject reported finding himself in a dirty apartment with a prostitute named Chloe, with whom he frequently indulged in narcotics abuse. Another reported being in its own bedroom with a computer setup significantly more intricate than he owned before his arrest or distribution of child pornography. During these hallucinations, subjects report that they are confronted by an individual referred to as SCP-666-1. Descriptions of SCP-666-1 vary wildly from person to person, with no commonality to race, gender, or appearance beyond being typical for the surroundings. SCP-666-1 will indulge the subject in their personal addictions, although at the start they will have a passive-aggressive attitude. As time progresses, the subject is encouraged to indulge further while simultaneously being encouraged to stop. Should the subject show remorse or a strong desire to give up their addiction, SCP-666-1 will slowly adopt a more genuinely friendly tone and continue the temptation with discouragement hallucinations. Approximately 94% of subjects who have gone through this form of hallucination to their end have been diagnosed as near-complete removal of psychological addictions, though physical temptations will persist through a natural withdrawal cycle. If the subject gives in to SCP-666-1's temptations, the entity becomes increasingly hostile. There is no set timetable nor degree of indulgence, but if left unchecked, SCP-666-1 will invariably begin assaulting the subject and forcing their vice upon them to levels of extreme overdose. If the subject is not forcibly removed from SCP-666 during this period, they will die. Cause of death is typical of their addiction, where an alcoholic will suffer extreme kidney or liver failure. A cocaine user will develop cardiac dysryspia. A subject addicted to video games or television will suffer extreme muscle and atrophy and health issues associated with a sedentary lifestyle, etc. To date, there has been no clear connection between who will and will not succumb to SCP-666-1. The working hypothesis is that it is simply a matter of the individual's willpower and conviction. All attempts to directly interview SCP-666-1 has failed, with the entity either redirecting the conversation or bluntly refusing to answer. The only statement that reveals anything to his nature with a single instance of we're not important here if this is all about you. This indicates that there are either multiple entities attached to SCP-666, or there are additional instances of SCP-666 in the world. Investigations ongoing and whether similar stories arise should another instance of SCP-666 be discovered. It is to be transferred immediately to Site-73. Addendum SCP-666-1 Nearly identical stories have recently arisen in remote areas of Northern Canada, describing a Windigo Hut. While unconfirmed, their similarities point to at least one additional instance of SCP-666 at large. Addendum SCP-666-2 Interview Log with Test Subject D-14390 Regarding Experiences in SCP-666 Audio Only Interview 666-13 Interview Dr. Lannis Interview Subject D-14390 Date April 17th, EP-666 No sweat there, Doc. See, I just stroll in, like you said, have myself a seat. Next thing I know, I'm in this hole in the wall, back home, and... Yeah, she was pricey and she wasn't the best looking tricks out the Kennedy, but she had some connections. Never did meet up with her ones that we weren't getting high. Under the sun, a couple that never saw the light, positions I never did. That's enough, D-14390. For the sake of brevity, please keep the rest of your testimony in regards to the anomalous entity SCP-666-1. She was offering me this opium shed she said she got off with a Chinaman. The whole time she'd been saying stuff in kind of funny way like those, that's the stuff. Well, I started taking a couple of pulls off the opium.  Getting SCP-666-1 was injecting you with heroin, and they weren't nails no more. It was like, B, and she's still yelling at me.  That was some freaky shit, and I started screaming. And that was when the guards pulled you out of the tent, right? Seems I wasn't just freaking out in a dream.  I hear Chloe's voice again, but it's all low and growly and sounding like she said, you can't stop. Thank you, D-14390. I just have one last question for you. After all this, you said you wanted to go back in. Why? It's simple, right?  So I might as well go out with a smile, right? No. P-666. Three seconds after entering the hallucinatory state, it expired from cardiac arrest less than one minute-


My manager's brought me to literally the coolest opportunity I think of my entire life so far. 14 yards for a shot ever. I'm going for 105. That's... Hear me out super quick. Three weeks ago, I was told that I would be competing in this golf tournament. I'm sure you guys have heard by now, but if not, there's $100,000 on the line. Me, TGS, LSK, and Jesser are competing. Whoever can get a golf ball closest to the pin out of 10 shots wins $100,000. By the way, to make sure you do not miss this live Friday at one Eastern, just click the link in the description. It'll get you to the Bleach Report app. Easy as way to do it. So that's why I'm in on this golf attire and a lot's been going on. So this video, my goal was to show you guys my progression. Because three weeks ago, I was calling golf places like crazy trying to get some lessons in because I've never, ever swung a golf club. Swung, swung. I don't, I don't care. Well, the funny part of that is and why I'm putting this clip here, is my first ever swing is the swing I sent to House of Highlights, because they said they were going to get reactions from it. Now I didn't know what that meant out the gates. Turns out, they took the biggest names from the event. Steph Curry, Charles Barkley, Peyton Manning, and Phil Mickelson, to react to my swing. So I have the stupidest- Looking first swing ever. Getting reacted to by some of my idols, which is so funny. So I wanted to put this clip first, because I know you guys want to see this part. And the rest of this video will also be a banger. It's going to be my progression from a horrible swing to what I've got now. You can judge for yourself if it's still horrible or not, but it's definitely better. I'll say that much. So right out of the gates, I'm going to pull up Peyton Manning reacting to my swing, because wow, this is like a dream come true. My dad's going to be really pumped about this.  I didn't do this for the video. Oh boy. All right, Peyton Manning watching my swing. Let's do this. Good takeaway there. Kind of what I would call collapsing at the top a little bit. This is what everybody tells me. The fact that I'm giving swing advice is very, very ironic. But you kind of want to keep your hands a little stiffer at the top and not kind of collapse them at the top. But I like the tempo and I feel pretty good about MMG. That's so sick. And honestly, I expected it to get cooked a lot harder because that swing was trash. That was Peyton Manning very, very nicely letting me down. That's what that was. That was him trying his hardest not to cook me. What a good guy. And you know what's funny? They said the same thing. As soon as I went into those lessons, they fixed like my club path and a bunch of golf terms. I don't really know, but it's funny that he said that because it's the same thing. Peyton Manning, love you. That's awesome. All right, Charles Barkley next. I've seen his golf swing and all the people at my training place said that his swing is trashed. So I don't want to take some stuff here from Charles Barkley. I will say that. What's wrong with this swing? Got a nice body turn? I'm impressed with that. I like that. I don't think it's bad. I wouldn't say good one, but it's not. I mean, he just turning gold. Easy, easy money. Charles kept it quick. I like to hear that. And that's my first ever swing too. So I'm really happy about that. All right, we'll go to the golf pro next. This could be, this could be scary. This could be where we're getting some trouble here. Okay, it's a bit dainty. Like, oh, that hurts.  And he just wants to. Dude, he's cooking my, Joe. You know, the perfect angle. The arms are very close. He's not trying to create any leverage. Speed whatsoever. It just looks a little dainty. That hurts, bro. He makes a good point though. I fixed that leg. I fixed that leg when I was going in. Yeah, I'm really into full golf. When I went in, I was doing, I mean, I don't know if you guys really know golf because I didn't either. When I was going in, I was like cranking this leg like that. Because I don't know, I'm not a golf, but I have it fixed out. My swing is more like, this is what my swing kind of, I mean, you'll see later, but it's like, it's more like, I don't know. It's better. That's all I can say. And the final one's gonna be Steph Curry. All right, let's see it. All right. That swing right there has got some, it's got some potential. He got the ball up in the air. He looked like he got pretty good. Potential. Doesn't seem like he believes in himself. So we got to work on that. I don't think I didn't see anything in the body language that told me he, you know, he knew what he was doing. But I don't believe in myself. We got to work on that, but the potential is there. The tools are there. He makes a good point though. At the end there, he was like, it kind of looks like he doesn't know what he's doing. You make a really good point, Steph Curry. I do believe in myself, but I don't know what I'm doing. So I slightly disagree with what you have to say there. All I can say now is I'm so excited to win this because I'm going to. I did watch T-Jasses swing though. T-Jasses swing is nasty. It's actually really good. If Jesser and Alice K beat me, I will be impressed because their swings are so bad. And mine was too, but I've been training. That's the thing. Like I should have a shot at this. We'll see how it goes. I'm ecstatic. I'll let you guys see the rest of my progression and my final swing heading into this competition. I have golf tomorrow morning, 7 a.m. and Wednesday morning, 7 a.m. So I have two more lab sessions, but you guys have seen this video on Wednesday. By then I'll be as good as humanly possible. As good as humanly possible in a three week time span. Whatever that. I'm just not talking. I'll let you see the rest of the vlog. Peace. Insane news. Literally insane news. Bailey's here. Say hi, Bayles. Hi. My manager's brought me literally the coolest opportunity I think of my entire life so far. And I'm so pumped for it, but there's a big caveat. I'm not sure if you guys are familiar with this thing called the match. It's basically a charity celebrity golf tournament. It's airing this November 27th and it's to benefit black colleges, which is awesome. Now this year, it's Phil Mickelson, Charles Barkley, Steph and Curry, and Peyton Manning. And they're gonna be on teams all competing. It's so cool. Last year I think it was Peyton Manning and Tom Brady. And this year what they're doing right before the event is they're having four YouTubers. Myself, Jesser, LSK and T-Jass competing to win $100,000. We get 10 shots to get the golf ball as close as we can to a pin and the winner is gonna get a 100K. The problem is I've never swung a golf club in my entire life and that's not a joke. I literally only ever played putt putt.  My dad was a gymnast at MSU. He yanked out his shoulder as a senior and he could never swing. He couldn't swing or throw things very well. So we never played as kids. I've only ever like literally done like mini golf putt putt. So I'm about to compete in this future as you can imagine, Bleach Your Boardhouse of Highlights. It's so cool Dan. Thank you so much for including in this. This is so high. So as stoked as I am, I desperately need to learn how to play golf in the span of three weeks. So over the course of this vlog and as much as I can, I will be golfing. I'm excited to get a golf fit because they look dope. And apparently, I don't want to get my hopes up too high but apparently Steph Curry and Peyton Manning are actually going to react to myself and the other YouTubers swings. So I'm not trying to get like fully embarrassed. So I'm going to do everything I can here in LA to get golf lessons ASAP. So I'm going to get on the horn. We're going to figure something out and I am pumped as hell. So the next three weeks is going to be banger content only. I'm so pumped for you guys to see it. Let's start figuring it out. Let's do this. The last lesson was a physical assessment. Just kind of figuring out what I can work on and such. He roasted the out of me in that physical assessment. He was basically like, and I have no shame in saying this because I know it's true. He was like, wow, you definitely play a lot of video games, don't you? And I was like, ouch, bro. Why do you say that? He was just like, your spine just is way too rounded. And I was like, that hurts. But yeah, I mean, it makes sense. I think we're at perfect posture. I like to think that it's better than it used to be. But even then, he pretty much could tell. So it was pretty awesome. He gave me a ton of stretches and mobility stuff, kind of like yoga really, to get my back correct. And they feel really good.  And then I'll do all the stretches. I'll feel so much better. So today is the lesson where I actually pick up a golf club. So today's the day I actually pick up a golf club and swing it. So the shot is 105 yards. And we can choose our club. So I'll see what my instructor Nick today says about the golf stuff. I don't plan to become the best golfer in the world in three weeks. I just want to look competent. Seriously, that's it.  So, all right, I'll see you guys in the lesson. Coming up there, like a security cam. So these are going to analyze my swing. Front facing, rear facing. All right, my first swing ever. Let's see how it goes. All right, I'm about to put up. Do what you think, guys. Don't overthink it. 114 yards for a shot ever. And we're going for 105. That's not bad. That's not bad at all. That's pretty close to the pin already. I'm really hoping that wasn't total beginner's luck. Let's go. A session complete. First time swinging a golf club, I'm really, really happy. Contact was good. I got to go get a golf club right now so I can go to like a driving range and get some practice in. Really, my goal by Thanksgiving is to consistently hit a ball 100 yards. That's all I really got to do. And out of straight line. Out of straight line's a hard part, dude. I was hooking those puppies. Oh, this sport is hard. I'm going to be sore tomorrow, but I'm excited. Hey, gentlemen. Bye. I love you. We'll see you in the next part of the vlog. Good morning, holy s***. I'm tired. Hi, Luna. She's having brekkie. Oh, let me go look at my clock. All right. I'm pretty sure it's seven. It's been a week since I last saw you.  It's seven in the morning right now. I have golf at eight to nine and then nine to 10. I've been genuinely training. So this is one of the last clips you guys are going to see before I actually do the event. So I wanted to like update you on my swing and how everything's going. First things first, gotta walk Luna because she's about to get really sassy with me. No, no scratch. No scratch. No scratch. Don't do that. No scratch. What are you covered in? What did you get into last night? Sorry. I just woke up. I'm so out of it. I'm going to take her on a walk and then we're heading to golf. I'll see you in a bit. Peace. Very good. Very good. All right. Cool. So here's a quick rundown of what we got going on right now. Today's Monday, Monday the 23rd. I leave on my flight Wednesday. We compete Friday. So I have golf training today, Tuesday and Wednesday. But I know I'm posting this vlog Wednesday. So this is the last time you guys will see the improvements on my swing. It's been a week and a half or so since the last time you guys saw my swing. I'm going to be honest. I was posting these on Instagram trying to get your guys' opinions. It's really difficult to tell what's an honest opinion, what's not. Because some people will be like seven out of 10 nice and it's like, are you just talking about like are you talking about like the swing?  Don't ever touch your golf course, zero out of 10. And like, I think that's a joke, but also I don't know. So I know that whatever I'm going to do today is better than first swing. Also this place that I go to called, it's called Urban Golf Performance in LA. It's awesome. These guys are so cool. They have all this professional equipment and it still has on there my first ever swing. And you can put it side by side with like any swing that you do after. So hopefully today I'm going to have them put up my first ever swing compared to what I'm about to do today. Yeah, so me, Jess or T Jess and LSK, I'll get there Wednesday. I'll definitely include that. I don't know, that might be a second vlog. I'm not really sure what I'm going to do, but I want to make sure you guys know exactly how good I am at golf going into this competition. Here's the thing though. I don't have to be that good. And I talked about this before. I only have to be good consistently one time, not really consistently is not even a word. I only had to be good one time out of 10 for about 105 yards, 107 yards. So that's doable, bro, especially like if we do solid today. So also do you have a fire golf fit? Also worse comes to worse. I'll keep saying this. I'm put this, this is going to be my Instagram caption. I will win best dressed. Okay, I got a fire fit. I'm excited about it. I should probably drive and focus on the road now. I will see you guys at UGP.  Let's go, baby. So we have to hit 107 yards and we're just going to throw this on 107 and we're going to put water in between because I don't want this course. There's like desert. Hey, let's go. We're just warming up right now, but you guys will see some good swings soon. Here's the swing as of two days before the competition. There's what we're doing today in like slow-mo. That looks so much better. This is from the first ever one right here. I'm swinging though. I love how it comes up behind my neck. That's funny.


So the question I did ask the most by far is why I went into radiology And I think I can come up with a few reasons. So let's go Reason number one why I chose radiology is I wanted to focus on the entire body and not just one section of the body And I know what you're gonna say But you guys sub-specialize in radiology and I know but hear me out because mostly in academic medicine In academic radiology, you will sub-specialize. So neuro radiologists only read brain Body imaging specialists only read the body. However, in the real world outside of academic medicine, you read everything So private practice radiologists will read anything from pediatric chest x-ray to a brain MR So you get to know everything the second reason I chose radiology is because Radiology is essentially the most vital role of the hospital I mean think about it when's the last time you or you know someone that went to the hospital and was admitted in the hospital And they didn't get any imaging not even a chest x-ray exactly Anytime anybody goes to the hospital or mostly any outpatient medical facility You will get some sort of imaging whether it be a chest x-ray or MRI Number three the third reason I chose radiology is because I wanted to get away from the stress of medicine on the wards Some people function in that kind of high-stress environment like ER physicians. They love being Loud everywhere. They are things beeping, etc. That's just not how I operate. I'm more laid-back I like to just sit back Read my study and figure things out in a nice quiet controlled environment Number four, I like talking to other clinicians in other fields of medicine. It's fun to me when you get to speak to someone from GI one minute and then the next minute it's obi-dye It's kind of nice to just speak to clinicians from different fields of medicine throughout the day Plus you get to make a lot of friends with a lot of different people reason number five. I think we're on number five I'm starting to lose track Reason number five why I chose radiology is that I love taking care of a ton of patients in a very short period of time What I mean by that is I can read up to 120 studies in a day and one shift And that's a hundred and twenty different patients. I'm helping in one day, which You can't you can't see a hundred and twenty patients as a clinician because you'll be there all day Reason number six why I chose radiology Because it's essentially like every study you open is a giant puzzle and you kind of have to figure out what's going on For instance, if someone comes in through the ER and they have a brain MRI For a headache and I open the study and there's a ton of metastatic lesions It's kind of up to me to figure out Where that cancer is coming from so essentially I get to play like where's Waldo or where's the cancer and It's not only fun to do so, but it's also good to help the patient obviously Are you guys still with me? I hope so because I can keep going forever So the next reason why I chose radiology is that I don't have any paperwork Is there anything worse than having to write notes all day long about all your patients?  I just dictate my report send it out And that's the end of my paperwork The next reason I chose radiology is because we pretty much have the best technology in any field We're always on the forefront of medicine in terms of technology and I get to sit at these awesome stations all day with 8k monitors, which are like $15,000 each $20,000. I don't even know how much they are too expensive I really just like the technological aspect of radiology. I mean like seriously look how high end our technology is On a serious note though. I mean look at my workstation Like who needs this many monitors? I Do I need that many monitors So you need another reason why I chose radiology? I'm a visual learner And I like seeing images instead of reading words in a textbook Keep in mind all of our textbooks have images in them It's like a giant picture book with a few words in them and that's right at my alley Wait, so you guys want another reason why I chose radiology? I'll tell you why because I can sit here and I can dictate studies and drink my Starbucks and enjoy my time at work There's nothing better, but seriously. Thanks for watching. I hope you enjoyed all of my reasons why I chose radiology I hope some of them will help you guys out in making decisions about a specialty If you have any questions leave a comment below as usual, and if not I will see you on the next video


Once you've finished cutting the deer, look over the meat to decide what to do next. We will start with the shoulders. Normally you would have two shoulders, but in this case half of one of the shoulders is missing. Moving to the front end of the table, we have the outside lines or back straps. Then we have the tenderloins from the inside. Next are the hindquarters. Then we have the meat pile, which has the trimmings for hamburger or sausage. Start by removing the bones from the shoulder. Some people attempt to make roasts out of the shoulders. Another option is to get as much meat off of the shoulders as possible to put in the meat pile. The meat pile is not that big, so this is a good opportunity to add to the volume of hamburger or sausage you're going to make from the deer. To remove this meat, start with a lower portion of the leg called the shank, and trace the bone to remove the meat from the bones. Next, go from the joint farther up the arm bone and do the same thing by following the bone and removing the muscle groups from the bone. The first time you do this, it may not look as clean as you'd like because you don't know exactly where all the bones are. You may have to go back a couple of times and trim some meat off of them. As you do it over and over, you'll find that you learn where the bones are and it becomes easier. Now, going a farther up still from the arm bone, remove the meat from the shoulder blade and also from the back of the blade bone. As you can see, the blade bone has a spine that runs down the middle. What you'll do here is take your knife and trace down either side of the spine of the blade bone and remove those muscles that are above and below the spine of the blade bone. There are some fancy ways to do this, but for the person processing deer at home, simply following the bones and removing the meat is good enough. If you're using a sharp knife, be careful not to remove the shards of the bone with your knife. These shards will end up in your meat pile. Next, do the same thing on the other shoulder. The lower portion of the shoulder is missing because that's where the deer was shot. In this case, the only thing to do is remove the meat that is left from the shoulder blade. We have the shoulder blade bone, arm bone and the foreshank. The meat is removed from all three of these bones and is ready to be added to the meat pile.


Hello, my name is Lonika Schaeffer. I am a PhD student at the University of Oslo. And together with another PhD student named Milena Pavlovic, we created ImmuneML, a platform for performing machine learning analysis on adaptive immune receptor repertoires. And ImmuneML is available through our public Galaxy instance through several Galaxy tools, which is what I will talk about in this presentation. Immune repertoires, or AIR, are collections of immune receptors in the body. Such immune receptors recognize antigens like viruses, bacteria, or cancer, making AIR data highly useful for disease diagnosis and drug design. But the biology that underlies AIR data is very complex and unique, due to the high diversity and low overlap of repertoires. And therefore we need specific AIR encodings and machine learning methods, and cannot rely solely on generic frameworks like scikit-learn or PyTorch. Several studies successfully applied machine learning to AIR data, but there is a great lack of standardization, making it difficult to compare and benchmark the different solutions, which is in turn hindering our ability to unravel the biology underneath. Therefore we developed ImmuneML to provide a platform for developing, evaluating, and choosing the most suitable machine learning approaches for AIR studies. ImmuneML can be applied to two types of classification problems. In receptor classification, we want to predict whether an immune receptor binds to a given antigen. And in immune repertoire classification, we try to predict the disease. Here you can see the overall ImmuneML workflow. ImmuneML takes in an AIR dataset containing receptors or repertoires with the labels we want to classify, and a YAML specification file describing the settings of analysis components, as well as the instructions that will be performed with these components. Finally, the results produced by the different instructions can be navigated through an HTML summary file. We created eight different Galaxy tools, which provide interfaces to these instructions. The first set of tools is used to create a dataset. We can import an experimental dataset from files in the Galaxy history. We support importing AIR data from all common file formats, such as AIR, VDJDB, MyACCR, and others, as well as custom tabular formats which can be specified in the advanced interface. The produced HTML summary shows the dataset type and size, and which labels can be used for training machine learning classifiers. Alternatively, a synthetic dataset can be created consisting of random amino acid sequences. This tool takes a YAML specification as an input. The resulting dataset can be used the same way as any other ImmuneML dataset, but it does not contain any meaningful patterns that can be learned through machine learning. To synthetically implant such patterns into a repertoire dataset, we can use this next Galaxy tool. We can simulate immune events, such as disease states, by implanting motifs in some of the sequences of the repertoires. This tool takes in an ImmuneML dataset, which may either be experimental or simulated, any YAML specification, and the result is a modified version of the given dataset. The advantage of simulated immune events is that the ground-truth disease signals are known, which can be used for benchmarking purposes, as was shown in this recent preprint. The following tools can be used to train and apply machine learning models. When training machine learning models, ImmuneML uses fully configurable nested cross-validation to find the best hyperparameters for a given classification problem. These hyperparameters cover data preprocessing, encoding, and the machine learning method. We tailored the Galaxy tools for training machine learning models to two different user groups. For immunologists, we provide simplified interfaces, with questions related to the assumptions that they have about their data. Based on their answers, the most appropriate encoding is chosen, and technical settings related to hyperparameter optimization are largely predefined. This tool also exports the internally generated YAML specification to the Galaxy history, which can be used as a stepping stone to get familiar with the more advanced interface. For bioinformaticians, we provide a YAML-based interface, which allows full control over the analysis parameters, access to additional components for preprocessing, data encoding, and machine learning methods, and allows for seamless switching between the Galaxy and command line interfaces. In the resulting HTML summary file of these tools, we find information about the performance of the different models in the outer and inner cross-validation loops, and other relevant statistics and visualizations. Additionally, the trained model with optimal hyperparameter settings is exported to the Galaxy history as a zip file. This zip file can be used again as an input to the next Galaxy tool to use the trained model to make predictions on a new dataset where the true disease state or antigen binding labels are not known. Lastly, we provide a generic Galaxy tool that can take in any YAML specification, which can be used for other ImmunML applications such as visualizing and coded data without performing machine learning. If you use ImmunML, please cite our preprint, which is out on BioArchive. The ImmunML tools are available on the Galaxy toolshed, so you can install them on your own local Galaxy instance, or use our Galaxy instance at galaxy.immunML.uo.no. The ImmunML command line tool can be found on GitHub, and for the latest updates, you can follow the Twitter account at ImmunML. And finally, I would like to thank all colleagues, collaborators, and funding that made this project possible.


What's going on everybody? We are at you kitchen a lot of people believe that you kitchen Which are Liaoning northeastern style Chinese dumplings don't they have the best dumplings in Southern, California and possibly America So many don't they people have come they're everywhere now They're opening a restaurant We're gonna be eating a lot of different styles of dumplings and we're gonna get back in the kitchen And we're gonna cook with them a little bit. Oh, yes You you don't find Nelson in the kitchen very often. I thought I was just gonna eat yo the best dumplings in America. Let's go All right, so we are outside of the window of you kitchen with IE Mary right here Everything is freshly handmade here. They have a window wide open for you to see that is fresh Let's get Welcome coming, please Right now we are here with Mary and we're gonna be making one Jiaozi, which is a traditional dumpling and then we're gonna be making a Hezi, which is more of like a pocket So what you're doing is blackening it while you stretch it and you're rotating it So that you're flattening it into a circle I'm a dumpling maker my looks like a potato I See She said she owned a restaurant in Laoning, so it's the same thing we got over here. Hey, she's doing the same thing She was doing out there Well the bottom okay, and you're gonna touch the top So it's like a Squeeze it like this boom Oh You're gonna do a jiu chai Hezi jiu chai means chive in Chinese and it's a chai pancake shape is super northern There was a group of people that took over China They don't have the country anymore called Manchuria and man the man choose also have a heavily influenced Food So fold it over once Just a little flower and you want some no Cornering this is where you get the pattern here Nelson got the little twisties going People have been talking about making dumplings a lot because I think it is such a kind of cultural thing This is what we're going to turn home the jiaozi and jiu chai Hezi So we'll be a family gathering and we're prepping the food a lot of them just gets together See All right, we have some food in front of us, but right off the bat. We got chopsticks and hot water You know what they're doing they are cleaning these keeping them clean It's cool how they show you that it's in hot water a lot of spots They won't show you every restaurant in China you have to clean your chopsticks or spoons or bowls with some hot water Isn't it true that when they come to America they lose a lot of these like little fun traditions, right? Yeah, but they keep in them they keep in them here at you kitchen though We got steamed dumplings you can get a pan fried you can get a boiled you can get a steamed haircut pan fried We all know that's a whole different thing, but steamed and boiled a lot of people kind of think that it's interchangeable steaming It's a little bit less American shalom bowels. Everybody knows these are shanghai needs right? Yep, let me hit you with the vinegar black vinegar more more more. I can't I can't go What do you think Asian tiger so the shalom bow this is the thing about steaming shalom bowels I don't think boiling would work because boiling is a little bit more rougher and it could break them easier We didn't come here for the shanghai knees dumplings even though these are delicious. Mmm. Later. Yeah, do you do it up? No, I don't know if they gave us the ones we actually made but there's a thing the ones that look ugly is other ones Yeah, you could tell about steamed dumplings. It's a little bit shinier. It's a little bit drier on the outside But it's still moist that has a lot of ginger in it You taste the gender it almost tastes like right away gung chong, you know the Cantonese ginger scallion sauce This is a you are making the Oh Which one is fake which one is real? I know I made this one. Yo, everybody grab their jiu-tai So David likes more soy sauce I like more vinegar. I like that bite. I'm the soy sauce. I like the soy sauce I make a little incision and then here. I'm gonna do this rip for you guys. Oh my gosh Oh my god, so the jiu-tai hoods are that we made is different than this one most places are gonna look like chive eggs and vermicelli But this if you see how juicy that is good. Let it go. I love that. This is the chive pancake with shrimp That's pretty good. Maybe I made it This is a big mouth pocket. It can a dog's way big the only place in LA that serves this It's a pork parsley or as they might call it cilantro is called the Chinese parsley big my pocket Oh It reminds you of eating a sandwich it feels like not true It's like it's like it's a little bit dry and crispy on the outside but juicy and flavorful on the inside northern Chinese food It's very sandwich like it is in a way more hearty and heavier Then Cantonese food. Oh, dude. It's our baby show. I'm gonna do that. Okay. Yo guys We got the sour cabbage dumplings. No, this is actually using German sauerkraut sauerkraut dumpling I've never had it with almost like the Polish Wow, that's right down sour crap, but it's really good though This is a special type of red yellow fish Dumpling you can tell it's fish because it's light colored. It doesn't have the greens in it fish dumplings That is very fishy. Mmm in a good way though. Yeah, you know guns. Yeah, chicken corn shrimp. Wow I believe that we had every style of dumpling now except the pan fried I'm looking at all these numbers. I've never ate so many of my life Hot hot for the chicken corn shrimp. I absolutely prefer pan fried on the things with the lighter thing I like the more intense crust when it's a thinner skin I like it pan fried, but it's for the thicker skin.  This might be one of my favorite. The OG. Oh, gee. Oh, gee. Oh, gee I just bit my mouth and the vinegar kind of stings It's worth it the food actually adjusts to the climate if you look at the northern foods the more northern you get It's super heavy like they can't grow rice as much in the north So instead of rice you're getting wheat here. We have the northern style Dajang man now I love this because this is style that we grew up with look how thick that is You don't even need that much sauce it covers everything Hey guys, you guys why we're waiting for this? I gotta go back and get one of those ginger scallion Ginger scallion joints You want another one of these?  These are not even noodles.  These are hand-torn noodles that beef cube was juicy Soup is really good. I actually really like the noodles The noodles are not as heavy as I thought they break down really easily If you guys know me and Edward are half southern and half northern Chinese the coastal food editor is never spicy Most of the spice food that you find is more inland It's more in the central part of China, which is your Hunan Sichuan Xi'an it used to be if you're southern you don't take spice. Yeah, nowadays. It's all changed up Actually like like spicy a lot more now. I can't handle it like super spicy. This is the neurodrembing It's just a literally like a grilled roll. You could think of it as a tortilla or a pancake burrito It's just beef parsley green cilantro a sweet bean sauce because neurodrembing We did cover this dish before in the Shandong episode with Jimmy Zong Which was shot at noodle 101 express which is actually next door to here and that was actually started by a Shandong person So there is some crossover the ratio between the beef and you know the veggies is like good racial like 50-50 a lot of spots I'll be like a lot more veggie or a lot more beef the outside is not as crispy or fried as a lot of other spots So it tastes a little bit more like a tortilla or if you guys have had it a high roller I could see some people saying that this more traditional version is less delicious But in a way it's more eatable to me the eatability factor I'm just creating that word right now the eatability factor is higher A lot of this food is like war food in the northern China's like there's a lot of war Oh, yeah, manchurians.   With the thousand layer of milk Let me show you the insides. Wow. How much look at the layers One of the things you're supposed to do with this is definitely dip it in soup because this is so thick by itself It doesn't have that much flavor, but it has a little hint of the green onion Which I like has a sesame it was lacking in flavor honestly very light If you guys are never gonna go to China just come to you kitchen There's so many things here from Mary IE To the way they clean the chopsticks. It feels like China. Yeah, but like maybe cleaner I mean they have a rating this is an incredibly classic dish This is cha-cha-ro-su dice pork pickled mustard noodle soup around China This is almost like the PB&J or the ham and cheese sandwich not something that's very lauded not something that receives a lot of Attention obviously like a shaobong bao the pickled mustard is gonna add that flavor pork has a lot of flavor You get the noodles are so I actually did a study abroad one time in Shanghai in college They had an expat cafeteria for all that you know international students But I would go to the Chinese cafeteria and I buy these meal tickets from this little center because I wanted to To live like a Chinese not the most sexy dish Let me add some sexiness to it though when you see the sesame seeds in the chili oil Let me tell you this it is next level Not the Izzy brothers Yo Back-biring the soup is very clean. It's not very heavy, but doesn't like hit you really hard workers They don't want to eat something that's gonna make them really heavy And then they're gonna be sluggish after they work even at like KFC in China You can order a meal where it's like a piece of fried chicken and then this wow So much in cool. Wow, it's a little dollar. We'll quite a go So we've got honey green tea sour plum drink and Lemon bread tea For a lot of people the plum drink is not the go-to Because it's very very it does taste no no and no No problem for me. No, it tastes pretty ancient. Hey cheers guys. I can tell you this this is not what the ABG's drink All these drinks taste like something dried. This is the job do about honey suckle now No, honey suckle get the off drink it. They said honey suckle Suckle on it suckle on the honey. Let's go bro. Cheers This is a session eat brown sugar Pancake Wow, this was super good. You got the edge piece right here with a lot of the brown sugar. Yeah, gosh Hey, I like the pieces with more sugar I actually still love the pork and ginger scallion steamed jalsas I got a roll with my main man to chai hoods the original one not go with the fish dumping man One never had that before two when I ate it. It was amazingly good What do you think it is about it that makes AZM people avoid spots like this so much I feel like there's a combination of it not being hipster cool Not as modern a lot of those people just want to focus on what's trendy They want to go to fun things and sometimes the traditional spots They're not fun in the conventional sense, but it really takes you 30 40 minutes out of your month I mean you go once a month here's why you minutes Minutes are in a month a lot of Chinese people who know like Chinese or Cantonese They don't speak it when it goes to like a Chinese restaurant Like if I go to like a Chinese restaurant and the waiters or waitresses don't speak good English I might as well just speak through in Chinese and Cantonese right it keeps me speaking my language take Koreans for example They see another Korean instantly they speak Korean to each other even though you know They born here that raised up here the whole life, but they know how to speak the language They just communicate with each other in Korean. There's a connotation that that's like old school That's like only something you do with your parents or your grandparents You know it's not a language that you're gonna speak to your friends I do think on the West Coast there's some sense that it's not as cool or modern as being another type of Asian And I'm not just talking about Korean. I'm talking about Japanese Filipino even feed Filipino Vietnamese Chinese It is the most traditional Asian group. There's just some sense that it makes it less cool We spent a lot of time in New York and a lot of Chinese food in New York I'm gonna say six you six has the best Chinese food in the country You kitchen got featured in LA Times got a pretty glowing review this spot is super legit What do you think are some things that it could do to make it cooler or it'll never be cool on the West Coast during LA And it just has to be people accepting something that's conventionally not as cool as cool Who got your responsibility? Is it on the people to come to this or to this to get cool? I feel like it's the people to come to this if you try to make this cool Obviously you're losing the tradition and you're losing the authenticity You know don't always stick to what you eat like forever You know they're always trying new things especially if you do not visit China often If you haven't been back to mainland China, which a lot of people have not I'd say come to mainland China out here at least once every three months extremely high eatability guys It is delicious specifically the Zhenzhao the steamed jiaozi here Given the certain alignment of factors I think that their steamed dumplings here could be the best in America David you telling me that these are the best dumplings in America in SoCal for sure We did not necessarily eat everywhere in New York. So that's why it's hard to say but there is our hella good That's what we're trying to say. Thank you so much for watching that video Shout out to you kitchen. Shout out to Mary IE and shout out to Louie Shout out to Dongbei and shout out to Charles All right, everybody in the comments below Is it the responsibility of the modern young cool kids to try this traditional stuff? Or is it on the responsibility of these traditional spots to make themselves cooler and more appealing? All right, everybody, thank you so much for watching that video big shout out to you kitchen Thank you You walk the steam I wish with some dumpling steam I wish I could pray and everything. I wish I could steam it. How about this? I wish I could steam as much as the dumplings do here


There's nothing that says that you have to pad. There's nothing that says that your output has to be the same size as your input. Another option is just to start calculating convolutions once your signal completely is overlapped by your kernel. And those convolutions are all valid. They don't rely on any data that's outside the range of your signal ever. That's a nice, very safe way to make sure you get valid convolutions all throughout. You don't have to make any guesses about what data to invent. And the only drawback then is your output is a little shorter than your input. So it, in effect, reduces the volume of data that you have. If you're looking at a time series signal, it'll chop off the beginning and end portion. If you're looking at an image, it'll chop off a border around the image. But you're guaranteed that what you're left with is all signal and no edge artifacts. Another element that you can play with when doing convolution is the stride. So by default, convolution has a stride of one, which means each time you shift your kernel over by just one position before calculating the next convolution value. This is safe, it's complete, it's dense. Sometimes this computation is a bottleneck in whatever it is you're trying to do, and you'd like to speed it up. Also, sometimes the signal that you've sampled, you've sampled much more densely than you need to.  In that case, you can skip. So instead of sliding your kernel over one position, you can slide it over two or three or four positions each time or even more and just calculate the convolution periodically. This skip is called a stride. So if you're visiting every single position, that's a stride of one. If you're skipping a position each time, that's a stride of two, etc. And the stride that you choose is based on what you know about your data, how densely you expect that information that you care about to be represented, and also how you plan to use the result. In the case of convolutional neural networks, often the input signal is much more dense than can be usefully handled by the network downstream. So some type of resolution reduction happens. Usually this happens using pooling, which we'll talk about a little bit later, but another way that you can do this is by introducing a stride, so that you're only calculating in the two-dimensional case, you're only calculating a fourth of the total number of convolutions by reducing your resolution by a factor of two in both directions and you get a reduction in resolution and a speed up in your computation time.


Hi, you know what I really, really, really want to do right now? Talk about Nintendo. Talk about Pokemon. We had a Pokemon Direct this morning as I'm filming this yesterday as you're watching this, and I actually didn't totally hate it. The online reception to it was very mixed. We're gonna go through the Direct here in a second, but I already want to start with my overarching point to this video, which is I love everything they're adding in to Pokemon Sword and Shield. I think this DLC looks amazing. In fact, everything they are adding in is so much of what I asked for out of the original base game. Like, I talked about how I loved the Wild Area. It was my favorite part of the game, but it felt empty, and it felt small, and there just wasn't enough to it. And then here, these two DLCs are about to come out this year at some point and add to the Wild Area two more areas, which in themselves are more expensive than the original Wild Area. Not to mention 200 of the missing Pokemon being added back in. Some kind of what looks like an original concept for a story and just a load of new stuff. But here is where my issue comes into play with all of this. While I loved it all, and I'm excited for it all, it shouldn't have been DLC. It just shouldn't have. A lot of the complaints I had with Sword and Shield was that it was missing a lot of the stuff that this DLC has. I was missing originality. I was missing an original story. I was missing more areas to explore that weren't so linear. I was missing, well, we were all missing a lot of Pokemon. The game felt underbaked and unfinished. It felt like it was released in 2019, because they wanted it released in 2019. Despite the fact they obviously had a lot of really ambitious goals for this game because we're seeing those goals now after the fact. So again, I really don't know how to feel about it. I have become torn, because to some extent it is what it is. What happened happened, and I, we can at least look forward to getting more content in Pokemon. But it's content that I feel should have been in the game originally for the same $60 price without having to fork out another $20 for all this DLC. Why was it in there originally? Why did the base game feel so empty and rushed when I see so much ambition and creativity and originality in what's coming? It's a really weird situation to be in with this game. I mean, there's also a conversation of, oh, so they didn't add in all the Pokemon like we wanted, but now if we pay, we get 200 more. Still not all of them, but 200 more. And I'm split on this as well, because I was always okay with there not being every single Pokemon. That was just my personal preference. And the thought of having two new DLCs in expensive new areas without any new Pokemon to find seems pointless and boring. So it kind of needed to have Pokemon, new Pokemon. But then it makes me think, was that the plan? Did they only put 400 in the base game so that they could make expansion packs later? And they knew that they would want to put Pokemon that weren't already in the game in the expansion packs. Otherwise, people wouldn't buy them. So they didn't put all these Pokemon in the original game when they could have. So there's just a lot of questions about this.  Like usually we have things like Pokemon Black and White 2 or Pokemon Moon and Sun, Ultra Moon and Sun, where we essentially do go out and spend another $60 on what amounts to just a lot of DLC. And in this case, they're not doing it this time. There's not going to be an Ultra Sword and Shield. There is just going to be this DLC instead, which adds in what looks to me like more content than we would usually get. Re-buying an entire game at $60. So I don't know. It's like, is it good? Is it bad? It's $30. A lot for what we're getting, or is it actually pretty cheap in comparison to re-buying a whole full price new game later on down the road? Or is it kind of crappy that they're selling us stuff that should have been in the base game in the first place? And then who are we to say what should have been in the base game in the first place? So I think where I'm drawing my personal line, it's just that it is what it is. I put 100 hours into the base game, so clearly I got my money's worth, even though I feel like the game should have had more content in it in the first place. It's a really interesting situation, and I can definitely see both sides of this argument, and I've kind of just fallen in the middle. I'm going to buy it, and I'm going to play it, and I'm going to have a lot of fun with it. So hey, what else can I do? Oh, by the way, on my other channel, which I just started today, I talked about my new set and everything, but if you didn't watch that, or you haven't subscribed to my new channel... Oh gee, thanks, appreciate you. Then I want to brag about something for a second, because I built this, and I feel very good about it.  I don't know why, I got OCD or something, I couldn't stand it, so I took a couple weeks off for a lot of personal reasons, but I used that time to build some sets. I built a set right here for my new channel, and I also built... Technically this is a set. I built a wall out of 2x4, slapped some panel board on it, and then screwed shelves into the before mentioned 2x4, and I was able to actually make something that looks nice behind me, and it's not just a cluster muck of a bunch of boxes thrown together, and you can't really even tell what's going on. Okay, I want to go through the Pokemon Direct, because there was a couple of surprises. Well, literally just a couple of surprises, but I want to touch on the fact that the word direct is being stretched so far at this point. We used to have indie directs too, and Nintendo changed those to indie worlds or something like that, but Nintendo really likes using that word direct because we give it so much hype because we want actual directs, so now Nintendo is slapping the word direct on any kind of announcement they have, and trying to put together any kind of what resembles a direct. This Pokemon Direct, it's weird because it's not really, is it? It's kind of just like a trailer for Pokemon Mystery Dungeon and then a trailer for Pokemon DLC. They've just put them together and they've slapped direct on the title. And the reason why I'm bringing it up is because I feel like it helps and it hurts them. It helps Nintendo when it comes to people searching and finding this direct, because people love directs and they want to watch directs. It's a big word for Nintendo. Nintendo Direct, it's huge. Everyone talks about it. So throwing direct, Nintendo Direct, Pokemon Direct onto this thing, it gets more people to watch it, but it also builds a lot of expectation because we love directs and directs are exciting. A lot of stuff happens in directs, a lot of announcements, a lot of surprises. So when you give something a name like direct, we kind of all go into it with an expectation of being overwhelmed and excited and seeing a lot of cool things. So when we're essentially just seeing two trailers for a Pokemon remake and DLC for the Pokemon game that just came out, it feels way more lackluster than if they had just said, oh, and we have an update on Pokemon Sword and Shield DLC coming out. Not as many people would watch it and get hyped for it, but not as many people would get confused and let down by it. I don't really have a point that I'm trying to make. As far as the trailers went, it was perfectly exciting if you're a Pokemon fan. Uh, I never played the Mystery Dungeon games. I always wanted to. I always thought they looked really interesting. A Pokemon game where there's no trainer and you play as the actual Pokemon and it's just a different take on the Pokemon RPG franchise. They're beloved games and I'm sure a lot of people are bouncing off their seats can't wait to play them. I'm just still kind of waiting for the Pokemon game I want. I don't know if that's just me if I'm the only one. I'm still waiting for that next generation Pokemon game, that Pokemon game that I've been dreaming of since I was a kid. And I just keep getting remakes and apps and Sword and Shield. Anyway, I will say, I am gonna play Pokemon Mystery Dungeon for the first time when it comes to Switch. The art style I thought looked really charming if not a little bit off-putting but I love it, so I'm not complaining. And I know nothing much about the game other than that. The trailer for it also was kind of boring. I'm not gonna, it was a boring trailer but I'm still excited for the game. Well, as excited as I can be. I'm, it's Pokemon, you know. Then the direct move straight into all the DLC talk and that was the rest of the, that was it. There was Mystery Dungeon. It's not really a direct Nintendo. It's kind of just you're announcing two things. But anyway, I mean, I, again, I like it. I'm happy with it. Cool. I can't wait to play it. But like June and Autumn, it seems like they're announcing this really soon. Like considering the games kind of just came out and there's already kind of a stigma around game freak right now when people are not happy with them. It seems weird to already announce DLC, pay DLC for more Pokemon. Cause you know that people aren't gonna take that the right way. And I think that also played into a lot of people being confused and disappointed. Not me. I was good. I just thought it was a weird choice. A couple of little sneaky pictures of concept art they threw in here. It looks like Squirtle and Bulbasaur are finally gonna be in the game. I think it also showed GMax evolutions or variants of like Venusaur and Blastoise. There's a new Galar region version of Slowpoke and depending on what item you use from what region of these two DLCs that are coming out it will change into a different kind of evolution thing. There's a new Legendary. The little karate bear panda. I don't, I'm doing a really bad job here. I'm bad at names. I think they're adorable.  There's like a dark type and a water type with different fighting styles. I don't know. I think it's really clever. There's a new Legendary in the second DLC which looks fine. A little Triforces on it. That's cool. Oh, I should have mentioned this earlier but something I appreciated that they have done is even if you don't buy the DLC trainers and players that have the DLC will be able to trade Pokemon that you can only get in the DLC back and forth with the people that don't have the DLC. Which I like that. It would be kind of really crappy for them if they after all of those complaints they literally held the Pokemon behind a paywall. It's not. You kind of have to pay if you want to go and catch them and find them for yourself but if you really want them in your game you can just have a trainer that has them in the DLC to send them to you. I think that's really clever. And then with the Home as well app or whatever I think you can trade from Let's Go as well into your game. So there's ways to get these Pokemon that are releasing in your game even if you don't want to pay for anything if that's all you care about. And that was a really good move. It would be really sketchy at once. That was the event. I wasn't sure if I was going to make a video on it but a lot of people wanted me to make that video on it and honestly I just needed to get my headspace out of where it's been the last couple weeks but especially the last couple of days. I also want to talk about all these rumors about the Switch Pro and all of that but that's going to have to wait a second because I have one thing at a time. I'm excited okay. It is my opinion that I'm excited for all this DLC to release. And okay I got to spend more money. It's fine. It's whatever. It is what it is. All this stuff should have been in the game in the first place but I can't change that now. All right bye.


I'm Torrance Hart, the founder of Teek & Twine. Teek & Twine makes custom gift boxes for weddings, events, and corporate gifting. I was in the Air Force for four years. Three of those, I was a protocol officer, which is sort of like being an event planner for the Air Force. I had a lot of fun doing that job. The great part of Boots to Business was that they not only give you the tools to figure out what kind of business you want to start, or if you are the kind of person who wants to start a business, but if you're already on your way like I was, they also give you a lot of tools about different ways that you can raise money. And then what I have found to be the most helpful was the outreach and the advice that they provide on a continuing basis after Boots to Business. And they have been awesome about talking to me on the phone, even coming to my house, giving me advice once they saw how we put together our gifts, how our production line is organized. So they've really given me great advice every step of the way. I absolutely love running my own business. And it's just been a fantastic transition to move from being active duty to being a full-time entrepreneur. But as important as it is to absolutely love what you do, it's even more important to be passionate about the nuts and bolts of running a business, and that is growing a team, doing your accounting, working on marketing, and thinking about what processes you're going to put into place to make your business successful. And those are the nuts and bolts that they emphasize in Boots to Business and at the VBOT.


to work with you, good to support the village. I'm really, really glad to see that DEF CON continued on this year. I think it was a great idea.  They missed the human interaction part, but I would bet it's gonna be back even bigger and stronger next year. But thanks to Omar and Joseph for continuing this on as well as DEF CON in general. So I'm happy to present my new talk here today. I have a talk that I do the Pentester Blueprint and it's basically a talk on becoming a Pentester. And so, I came up with something more red team related because there's a lot of confusion between what true red team is in pentesting. So who am I? I'm Phillip Wiley. I have my CISSP, OSCP and the SANS GWAP T-CERT. I'm a senior lead at a global consumer products company. I'm also an adjunct professor at Dallas College, formerly Richland College. I'm the founder of the Pone School Project, which is a monthly, now virtual meetup that teaches cybersecurity techniques as well as a big focus on stuff offensive security. So a lot of our talks are geared towards that. Even some good talks on SOCs and other areas of security. I've been in technology and InfoSec for over 22 years, 2004 is when I got my start into security. The last eight years I've spent pentesting, first five years I was a consultant. I was featured in the book, The Tribe of Hackers Red Team book edition. So those are some really great books by Marcus Carey and Jennifer Jinn. Really good for those getting started out but I recommend it for anyone else. It's advice from industry professionals on different topics. There's the red team. There's the first tribe of hackers that's across all spectrums of security. And then there's the leadership book out. I'm also the co-author of the Pentester Blueprint, starting a career in ethical hacking. I took my talk, The Pentester Blueprint and decided to make a book. And I teamed up with Kim Crowley to help me make that a reality. So that should be coming out late fall or so. And I'm also a co-host of the Uncommon Journey podcast with Chloe Mistog and Alyssa Miller. So the agenda, during this talk we're gonna, I'm gonna describe my path into making offensive security. Cause a lot of people that attend these talks are trying to get into it. There's not a lot of, you know, you have to look out there to find good information on how to get into certain areas of security. And there's not a lot of stuff on offensive security. So continuing on in the spirit of the blueprint, Pentester Blueprint talk, I've kind of extended that on to offensive security in general. This, with this talk being more focused on red teaming, we're gonna discuss what offensive security is, the different domains, a red team intro, red team tools, a red team blueprint as well as some other educational resources and books out there and blogs. So my offensive security path is kind of an unusual one. I started out as a pro wrestler. I graduated high school and my friends asked me, what are you gonna do for a career? And I did not have a clue. I mean, really college wasn't in the plans for me and I didn't know what I was gonna do.  So I went to wrestling school and I wrestled for a few years. And I got out in the late 80s due to needing a more stable career since I got married. So I was married and needed this stable career for my wife and future family. When I did that, just having, working through other areas of manual labor and retail sales, I saw I had on TV for a trade school that taught AutoCAD. So I went to school to be a CAD Draftsman and there's where things really started to take off. I learned about SysAdmin work because I was working in offices and we had a network administrator or system administrator coming in one time to work on our systems and found out that this guy was making more money than I was and what he did looked a lot more interesting. I taught myself how to build computers, took a Nobel network class that used to be the popular network operating system before Microsoft really took off with their directory services. So from there, I moved into Infosec and then AppSec. And AppSec is really where I kind of found out about pen testing and offensive security, learning how to use web application vulnerability scanners, going to some different vendor talks on their tools and stuff got me interested in pen testing. So in 2012, I got laid off from my job of 14 years at a mortgage company and then I went to work as a consultant working in pen testing. I did that for five years and then got out of consulting and moved more into the corporate world and then back in November, I moved into red teaming. So this is a slide I share every semester and during all these conference talks because only hack if you have permission, even better written permission, hacking without permission is illegal. So as long as you have permission, you're good. But you don't want to get any trouble because if you get any kind of a criminal record then it kind of makes it hard to work in any area of IT and especially something like offensive security. So I like this quote, I first learned about it from Spider-Man with great power comes great responsibility. So what is offensive security? So offensive security is just kind of a broad generalization of different types of ethical hacking. So it's assessing security of a target using adversary tactics, techniques and procedures or TTPs, commonly known as ethical hacking. So some of the different secure domains in offensive security, two main categories is pentesting and red teaming. You can see different areas in pentesting that are covered network application network including wireless cloud, social engineering, physical security hardware and vehicle security can be tested through pentesting. Red teaming is kind of more of a specialized area. You're getting into more adversarial type simulations. But there's been a lot of confusion. So red teaming, a red team engagement is not a pentest. It's not the same thing. They've been used interchangeably pentesting and red team for years. It's a way to generalize kind of the same way the blue team generalizes the defensive side even the give. So, you know, even on the defensive side all blue team is not the same. There's a lot of differences. But red team, a lot of people have confused and think that red teaming in general that it's all the same, but it's not. So there's there are some distinct differences. Some of the commonalities that are, you know there's these similarities between the two areas. Red, you know, they're both forms of pentesting or, you know, forms of offensive security, exploitation, social engineering, fishing and physical security exploitation are used on both of these. Sometimes not everything with your pentesting, you know, a lot of times only social engineering, fishing or physical security exploitation is not part of it unless it's, you know specifically built into the statement of work the rules of engagement. And so there's some differences there too.  You're just using some of those techniques and red teaming, you're trying to avoid detection. With pentesting, you're, it's a time box test. You're limited to the amount of time you have to test. So you don't have time to go low and slow to try to avoid being detected. And due to the time constraints, you're using vulnerability scanners and doing a lot of port and service scanning which makes it more loud. So you're not really avoiding detection. Sometimes it could be part of a statement of work but usually gets more into your red teaming. Red teaming is less restrictive. There's more areas you can, most cases, social engineering fishing are part of it, part of the scope. With the pentesting, it's more limited. With PCI, when PCI came out, a lot of the pentests and PCI has drove a lot of pentesting requirements to be PCI compliant, it's a requirement to be pentested. So a lot of the focus has been on just what is needed to be compliant and not overall security. So some things get missed. And that's kind of carried on throughout pentests. There's a certain area that they wouldn't be tested. Sometimes it's not a lot of time to plan it out. Budget constraints, they just want to get it done quickly. And with pentesting, vulnerability is the focus. Whereas with red teaming, you're trying to simulate an actual attack or cyber criminal. And there's a lot of tool commonalities. If you look at the list of tools here, you see everything is pretty much the same. There are some variants and some things that are not on this list, but the common tools are listed here. With pentesting, you're using vulnerability scanners.  You want to be quiet. Metasploit can be used across both of those. And also you see malware and exploits used across both. But red teaming, it's more heavily dependent on to get the footholds using malware through phishing campaigns. Command and control is done both and useful in both, but a lot more heavily relied on for red teaming. And so here's kind of a little red introduction on red teaming. Red teaming is scenario-based assessment, emulating threat actors, and even simulating specific APTs. You can go through like the minor attack framework and pick out specific APTs to mimic. The goal of red team operation is to simulate real-world breaches. Not only is this operator testing the security of technology, they're testing the people in the process. A great quote from the founder of Dallas Hackers Association is the red team test the blue team. And this is a good way to describe that. When you're doing a pentest, you're really not testing the people, you're testing the security controls and the technology. With red teaming, you're testing the reactions of the defenders, as well as any of the systems being detected. During a pentest, things can be detected and usually unless it's built into block it, you're not gonna get blocked.  And red team operations take a lot of time to plan and perform. So you're trying to go up plan a specific scenario, a certain type APT you're trying to imitate. So you're taking the time to plan this out to perform it. Usually you got more time. A pentest, not say it's a thorough pentest, but a lot of times a pentest may be a week. Like a red team engagement could be four weeks or it could be months. So it depends on the scenario you're trying to imitate. And so red team operations will lie heavily on OSET to enumerate information on target technologies employees. This is leveraged through social engineering to gain initial foothold into the target environment. You can also do like a assume breach and use accounts, but this is a good way to see how easy it is to get past people, the process and technology by using phishing campaigns, sending malicious payloads to end users or compromising a site and putting payloads in there to gain access to the systems. Detection avoidance is very important for a red team to be successful because part of this is they're trying to stop you whereas a pentest, they may see something going on and they're gonna let you finish the pentest during a red team engagement. Usually the people you're testing, they don't know about the pentest, it's not announced. Usually management and a few key people know what's going on. So in case the defenders detect this, they can report it and it can be treated internally to look like a normal breach to see how everyone reacts to it during the exercise. So that's important to stay undetected. And so red team TTPs, red team operations while malware payloads to gain initial footholds. So being able to evade and obfuscate your code for your malware and exploits is very important. A lot of times to get it to work in a pentesting role, you have to work on obfuscating your code because PowerShell is getting more detected although some environments it's not. So as a practitioner, keep trying. People will say this is not environments anymore, it still will be. I mean, I've performed pentest as recent as the end of 2018 where Windows XP was in a company, a Fortune 100 company. So that stuff's still out there and not everyone's blocking PowerShell, but it's becoming more often blocked. So some of the skills that you'll need to work on is really working on the evasion and obfuscation. Command and control or C2 is a very important tool used to compromise systems, deliver payloads, elevate privileges, lateral movement and use for persistence. Cobalt Strike is a very popular command and control as well as there's some other ones out there, Silent Trinity, Covenant and actually Team Aries from Critical Start came out with Demedios, which is a new C2 that's built on Go, so it looks really promising. A new one out there and recently was added to the C2 matrix and Red Team Ops planning. So as we mentioned, there's more planning that goes into this, it can be more detailed. So you can map the APTs from the Mitre Attack framework and use tools like Vector. Vector is a pretty cool tool I learned about from Giorgio Chia's talks. He does a lot of great talks on red teaming and purple teaming and it currently works for sides. So he's a SANS instructor. He teaches the SANS purple team. I mean, the SANS red team course. So keep an eye out for his videos. This Vector tool is a framework that you can plan out your scenarios for your red team engagements. So you can go through the map out the APTs that it's pulling from the Mitre Attack framework. And so red team ops can also be less complicated and not map to specific APTs, just using common TTPs. And as your program starts out, it may not take really advanced attacks to be able to compromise systems. You know, it's kind of like offensive security in general. You wanna make sure that you've got your vulnerability scanning program, your vulnerability management solid in place. Before you include it with pentesting, but you really wanna get that in place and working on that. As you get to more open scope pentests and red team engagements where more things are in scope and can be exploited, then, you know, as you become more mature, then you don't need to emulate more advanced attacks. So starting out, you may not have to be as complicated, but as you're going along, you can become more complicated and detailed in your attacks and using the tools like the Mitre Attack framework and Vector to map those out are great options. And there's some additional red team benefits here. So a major benefit of red team is testing the people process and technology. So during the operation, if activity is not detected, then the red team can work with the security team to tune the security defenses to be able to detect malicious activity. This can be extended to purple teaming engagements or activities where you just work with the blue team to tune their systems to detect different types of exploits. So during your testing, if PowerShell is not being detected, if Mimicats is not being detected, then you can kind of do a purple team activity, just kind of working with your blue team as you launch specific attacks, see if they detected and help them to work on detecting those systems where you can build signatures to detect those vulnerabilities. And so in the spirit of the pentester blueprint, I'm kind of going to go into some details on here on how to become a red team operator. So basically a red team operator is a pentester. You're getting more specialized, going more into adversarial simulation, but you need the base starting out. So your base, you need to understand technology. So if you're jumping in this from nothing, then you're going to have to build these technologies. You have to understand networking and operating systems and Active Directory that you're performing pentests against some of these networks and red team engagements. Because Active Directory is Microsoft's directory services where all the users and different computer objects and security settings are set in Active Directory. You get access to that. You can breach a lot of things, compromise on a large scale. I mean, the way to look at it is kind of like a single sign on type of solution using LDAP. So you're able to, if you're able to compromise Active Directory, then you can get access to anything in the environment. So understand it. You have to understand this technology. So understanding networking, understanding operations, operating systems from a system administrator perspective. You need to be able to start and stop services, disable firewalls, enable services and that sort of thing during a pentest. So if you gain a shelter system or command line access, then the more you understand the command line, the more things you can do, the more effective you do. And you've got to understand networking and pentesting hacking. So you have to understand the different tools and techniques that penetration testers and hackers use. So you have to have those because hacking is part of being a red team or that's part of the job. It's kind of an extension or more advanced form of pentesting. And so programming and scripting can be very important. Some of the best hackers I know can program, they can write their own code or they can write their own scripts. So popular ones out there are Python and PowerShell from a red team or a contestor perspective, knowing how to use PowerShell using some of the tools like PowerShell, Empire and some of the different exploitation tools out there and command and control is very important. So you don't necessarily have to know how to write PowerShell, although it's good. Tools like Python and Golang can be used across multiple platforms. Python has been very popular for years. It allows you to write tools pretty quickly, modify tools. And from programming scripting perspective, at first you need to really be able to modify exploit code, be able to look at Python code and be able to alter that to fit. Maybe you find some exploit code and there's something different about that system that you need to modify. So just understanding how to modify exploits is important. It's a good starting step. But be all right, Python scripts. Golang is a very new popular one. I guess it's been out five or six years or so, maybe longer, eight years. But it's a really good one because it's also a compiled language. It can run across multiple platforms. The thing I really like about it too is you can compile code on a Linux or Mac system to run on Windows. So this is kind of nice. Because some of your exploits, if you're doing a pen test, then you need a similar system with Linux to be able to compile your exploit code, a similar system, or compile it on that system. With this, you can easily compile it on your own system. And this C-sharp is a very popular one for pen testing, because some of the PowerShell started getting detected and people moved on to C-sharp. There's a lot of good tools out there written in C-sharp. A lot of the tools are kind of going away from PowerShell more towards C-sharp. So understanding these tools, you'll write your own tools, it's going to make you a lot better hacker. So yeah, just be able to do that makes, like I said, some of the best hackers I know and red teamers know how to write their own code. I mean, you stop and look at some of the tools out there, Harmjoy, for instance, from Spectropps. He's a prime example of someone that writes tools and he's a red teamer. So I mean, this goes to show you, you look at a high level of pen testers and red teamers, they're writing exploits and they're writing tools. So if you really want to do well, then that's an area to focus on. So red team focused skills. So malware and exploit development where these are also important in pen testing, really working on obfuscating and be able to evade systems with your PowerShell code or C-sharp or any language you're writing in, be able to obfuscate. Sometimes there's written tools out there and you can use different tools to obfuscate or going to manually modify yourself to try to take some of the headers out in signatures. So it's not as easily detectable. Sometimes it could just be the name of the developer of the tool that the system's picking up or the name of the tool in the system. So just be able to modify your code where it's not being detected. Active directory exploitation. Understanding Active Directory is not enough but understanding Active Directory and knowing how to exploit it is very important in red teaming. And command and control. So command and control is a very important tool. It allows you to send payloads to your systems. You know, once you get a system compromised, you get access to it, then you can do lateral movements, going to other computers, other accounts, try to escalate privileges and help you maintain persistence, maintain control over the systems that you've exploited. In phishing and social engineering, these are two very helpful tools because a lot of cases, maybe their systems are pretty secure as far as trying to, you know, crack passwords or if you're on, you're doing a Zoom breach or you're on that network and maybe you're not able to crack hashes. So if you can send malware through an email, through phishing campaigns, then that's a way to get an initial foothold. Social engineering to get people to execute that code. Physical security exploits gaining access to the buildings, getting past security into the server rooms or different areas to be able to pull off your exploits. And kind of here's kind of a learning path to follow for gaining these skills, kind of a good baseline or good place to start. And this is assuming that you've got an IT background is you got to learn the hacking skills. So certification courses like the OSCP, hack the box are really good to build those skills. You know, learning social engineering, but the OSCP is a really good one because you got to get those hacking skills before you really get into the red teaming. So you need to be a good hacker. So there's other courses out there like eLearn security, where a lot of those other courses really focus on pen testing, which pen testing and hacking is similar with the OSCP. There is a big focus on hacking skills and with some of the newer content of the OSCP, they've kind of went more in the direction of adding more pen testing content. Whereas before is mainly just a really great, you know, really great hacking course and kind of teaching the way pen testing used to be. But a good path is once you get the skill set of someone with OSCP, then you can start working on the red teaming skills. And this is something you can work on hand to hand because your red teaming skills, you can be working on active directory. So there's some courses out there that are really good for red teaming. And Pentester Academy's red team labs is a good resource. They have active directory in their labs. So they've got different levels, but they even have like a red team certification. They have labs where you're using Linux to exploit Windows systems as well as Windows systems to perform the same similar labs, learning how to use PowerShell exploits during that to compromise systems.  It teaches red teaming techniques. They teach you exploit development, code obfuscation and some other techniques that are important for red teaming. Hack the Box Pro, Ross the Labs, this is a really great, good one to learn and it's kind of inspired Ross the mouse to start the zero point security red team ops course. I'm actually going through that. And if they actually have a certification with that, I'm currently going through that at the moment and it's a really good course. I mean, it's even set up to where you can send phishing emails in that environment. And so some different tools and resources for red teaming. So your APT planning, as mentioned, the MITRE ATT&CK framework vector. So there's the URLs for those resources. Those are really good to know. Just getting out there learning how the, you know, a threat actor's mind works, getting that threat actor mindset through tools like the MITRE ATT&CK framework, learning how those TTPs work, you know, you get to see some of the common attacks. And this is a great resource for defenders to be widely used by our defenders. Command and Control, the C2 matrix. You can find that at thec2matrix.com. Cobalt Strike is one of the more popular ones, one of the first command and control. Although Metasploit is also considered command and control. It's also pretty heavy on the exploit framework. But Cobalt Strike, Silent Trinity, PowerShell Empire, BC Security took over support of that and upgraded to Python 3. And you can use Star Killer, which is a web front end to it that makes it more similar to some of the other C2s that have a web front end. Or you can use these tools as a team. You can collaborate together. So you can, you know, collaborate on the same project. So these really work good for collaboration. And a shout out to critical start team areas with their DEMIO C2 that recently came out. It's written in Golang. They're adding new items to each features as it goes along. So it just recently come out. They're pretty excited about it. It looks like a really good tool. So you should check that out. And it's a free tool. It's open source, like a lot of the other C2s. In operating systems, Slingshot OS, or Slingshot Linux, you can find that on Sands. It's a good operating system for pen testing as well as red teaming. It has a lot of the C2s already installed. So it actually vector, I believe vectors installed as well. Kali Linux and Parrot OS are good hacking options and Commando VM for Windows. So in red teaming, you're dealing a lot with Active Directory. So it's good to have a Windows box to test with. And resources and courses. So hack the box pro, as mentioned by Rasta Labs, one of Rasta Mouses projects, Pentester Academy, Red Team Labs. And the institute.sector7.net. This is a good course. They have relatively inexpensive. And I'm kind of listening to some of these out based on the expense of the course. They have like a course on malware, writing for red teaming. They have a privilege escalation as well as another course. I can't think of at the moment that these three different courses build red team skills. And sometimes some courses may deal more on the red team side and less on the malware. With this course, they have a good coverage of malware. So that's a good skill to develop. And they cover that in that course. And zero point security of the Red Team Labs course by Rasta Mouses, which they actually have a certification for it. This is a pretty cool environment. You have VPN access to it. They have Windows boxes in there. You're separated like through a firewall. So you're connecting in. So you have to send like a phishing email to get on that system. So it's really cool. If you have the OSCP, you can just take the exam, but I didn't really want to miss out on the educational opportunity of going through the course fully. So that's currently what I'm working on. It's been a lot of fun so far. E-Learning security, as we mentioned, the pentesting extreme course. That one's a red team course and they cover malware. So it's a really good, well-rounded course. Covers a lot of good materials. I haven't personally taken this course myself, but I've taken the E-Learning security web app pentesting course and their mobile pentesting course and the good quality courses. And then I expect you to be an expert to be able to take these courses and learn from it. They start at in enough detail that someone with technical experience can pick these up. And then the spectra ops, adversary tactics and red team operations. I got to fortunately got to take a couple of courses before COVID really started ramping up and it caused us all to have to social isolate, but I got to attend this talk and harm joy was one of the presenters there as well as some of the other gurus from spectra ops. But this course, if you've got cobalt strike, this is a really good way to learn cobalt strike and use it as a red team operator. 40 North has a couple of good classes. They're initial access operations and intrusion operations. So they cover some malware in their course as well as silent break security, which they have like a malware development course and the adversary simulation. So those are really great courses and the SANS red team exercise and adversary emulation. This is a two day course and George Rochias teaches this and it looks like a really good course. And then they get into the red teaming from building a team type perspective as well as doing the technology piece. And then cobalt strike offers some free videos on their site. If you go to the training and support tab on the cobalt strike website, there's links to their YouTube page as well. So they've got all sorts of tools in cobalt strike that they teach you how to use. I mean, a lot of the tools are pretty easy to pick up on, but if you hadn't had experience with C2s, then you know, highly recommend these videos because there's things are done a little bit different with a C2, but they do a good job of covering the different tools that you can use within cobalt strike. And cobalt strike uses PowerShell and C sharp tools pretty heavily as well as other scriptings and scripting languages and executable files. So that's a good resource out there. You get a good idea of how red teaming works from the cobalt strike video series as well. And resources and blogs. So here's a list of some blogs and resources that I've come across, and I started dedicated red teaming back in November. So I've been doing a lot of research and studying to learn the red team side of things. And so here's some good, the red team journal is kind of an older blog. I don't think it's been updated lately, but there's a lot of good information on there. The red team guide is based on the red team guide book, but there's a lot of good documents on there on starting pen tests and different, some of the different techniques. And I mean, red teaming techniques. And then thread express is kind of a site related to the red team's guide. Same people, it was kind of their blog before they came out with the red team guide. Good information there. By leaders website along with his awesome tools. There's a lot of great information on his blog. HarmJoy's blog is great. BC security, spectra ops, rasta mouse, house sec from is actually part of spectra ops, silent securities blog, 40 Morse blog and iRED.team and Vincent use blogs. These are some really good places to learn. And I've been using the likes resources as I'm going through the rasta mouse is a zero security red team ops course. There's some other books out there. So this is one of the books out here that recently came out the hackers playbook. If you've seen version two and three version one and two, it's more pen testing related, but version three gets into into red teaming. I highly recommend if you don't have version two, get version two. It's got a lot of good real world pen testing attack scenarios. So also the red team development and operations. This kind of shows you how to build a red team and it's one of the authors is Joe vest that he formerly worked with spectra ops. I got to meet him back during my red team training through spectra ops earlier this year. So it's a really good book and they go through and show you some, they got some different checklists and stuff on how to perform red team operations. So that's a really good book even for management or people manage red teams. I recommend this book because it kind of shows you how red team operations work. And then hands on red team tactics a practical guide to master in red team. This book actually covers some cobalt strike information. And this was recently recommended yesterday during one of the actually Friday during one of the talks in red team village. So it's a little more indicator that it's a good resource but these are some good books out there as well as just pen testing books in general learning pen testing and certifications. There's not like a lot of certifications out there yet, but, and there may be more than this and I saw another red team cert that is more physically and more lock picking and more physical security related but what you're going to need from in most cases what you would gain from zero point securities cert pentester category learning security the skills that you would need to reforming red teaming operations. While some of the physical stuff is important you can take lock picking courses and learn physical security to kind of really get started and especially if you have a pen testing background and these three cert courses or the other certs would be good to have. And some of these pentest focused certs from offensive security sands and e-learning security offensive security and the sand certs are really good for getting your foot in the door as a pentester and good for getting pentesting jobs the e-learning security is starting to gain more notoriety and really good courses and really well written and really well priced if you don't have the money to you know your company will put you through sands training then offensive security and learning security those certification courses are really good ones as well as the pentester academy courses. And here's my contact information. I kind of got into teaching and presenting a conference as a way to share I used to mentor and still do mentor a lot of people a lot of times just answering questions and sharing resources. So this stuff's my hobby I live and breathe this stuff. So I'm always up to talk about this stuff give career advice and help out if you have any questions there's my contact information feel free to contact me. And so that concludes my presentation. Awesome. Thank you so much Philip. As always you have been amazing and thank you so much for supporting the community and the red team village as well. And for those of you that are online please join the conversation in this court. We have the link in the bottom of the screen. So in the description whether you are in YouTube in Periscope or in Twitch please join us and