Hey, this is Brett, and this 2020 Chevy Silverado 2500 Crew Cab Short Box LT1 is stock number 13153Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. This 2020 Chevy Silverado 2500 has the 6.6-liter Duramax diesel engine. It's the L5P engine, which puts out 445 horsepower. It's combined with the 10-speed Allison heavy-duty transmission. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off, and it is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around on this vehicle, inside, underneath, start it up, and take a look under the hood. Summit White is the color, and I shoot all my videos in 4K, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, I highly recommend turning them on right now because it's your best way to check out the quality, condition, and options of the truck before seeing it in person. And as you go down this side, you can see the box and doors all look really good, as does the cab. And a really nice condition on this side, does have the power running boards. And if you like the video, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel, which is youtube.com slash Summit Auto. Click the bell notifications, you'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day. This is not the right truck for you, you might just find your next one there. Comes with the 24-inch ax wheels, compression forge painted, and polished aluminum rims. Has radar, renegade RT tires, these are 37x13.5R 24LTs, and I would say they have probably about 60%, 70% of the tread left on them. Frame and underbody is in excellent shape, this is a Texas truck, you can see it does have a nice suspension lift kit on it, and it is a pro comp lift. Just a little bit dusty, but like I always say, better dusty than rusty. And front fender is in excellent shape, no dents or dings on there, headlight lenses are nice and clear, and the front bumper is in nice condition, I didn't see any major dents on that. Grille is in nice condition, it has the true cobalt induction hood. I'll show you how that works in just a little bit, but I didn't see any dents or dings on the hood, looks really good, and the passenger side front fender is in nice condition as well. Passengers side rim, no major scuffs or scrapes on there. And as you go down this side of this 2020 Chevy Silverado 2500, take note of how clean that body is, how reflective and mirror-like the paint is. I take these HD videos so if you are far away, or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the truck, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at. Before you even get here, so when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises, and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. And if this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesmen know that you saw the video, that it was helpful and that Brett sent you. And once again, if you liked the video, you can subscribe to the YouTube channel in the upper right-hand part of the screen. Sometimes in excellent shape. I love how the Silver reflects off the deep dish of the rim there, gives it just a little bit of extra to that rim. Back tires have just as much tread as the front tires, maybe just a hair bit less, but still very comparable to the front tires. Frame and underbody back here is in excellent shape. And it's like that all the way underneath. Has all the remaining factory exhaust, and there are those power running boards. These are side box steps. And once again, passenger side box looks really good. Coming around to the back, rear bumper is in nice shape. No major dents or dings on there. It does have the back or the rear bumper steps, full towing package, which includes the receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring. And the tailgate is in very nice condition as well. Has a shock down assist, spray and bed liner, and the bed's in pretty nice shape. A little bit of light duty usage, but that's what trucks are for. Bed liner goes onto the tailgate, which is nice. And that tailgate shuts nice and solidly. Going down the driver's side once again, I'll show you this back room for full disclosure. No major scuffs or scrapes on there, looks really good. And this one does come with the telescopic tow mirrors. They have built in directional signals, they telescope out like so, and they fold in like that. These are always just a little bit tricky to get in without pinching your fingers. Inside the LT package normally gives you the cloth interior, but this one has some nice aftermarket leather in it. It's cat skin, it's usually the factory-preferred aftermarket leather. 40, 20, 40 split bench seating in the front. Has weather tech floor mats, auto headlamps, push-button four-wheel drive, power windows, power locks, power mirrors. You can see those amp research power running boards work nicely. You got some LED lights on them too. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats, no rips or tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system, fixed glass rear window. These seats do fold up, and you get almost a completely flat floor back here. Child safety locks on the back doors and the bottoms of the doors on this Texas truck look great. We'll hop inside, check out the miles, the radio, and everything that this truck has to offer on the interior. As you can see, this truck has 32,133 miles. You do get the digital speedometer on there, and instrument cluster is very nice and clean. You get cruise controls on the left, information center controls and Bluetooth controls on the right. Those come with the 10-speed Allison heavy duty transmission with the optional tap shift, and you get the Chevy infotainment system. You get AM, FM, and Bluetooth capabilities on here. This is also where your backup camera shows up. You also have Android Auto and Apple CarPlay capabilities, and there is your backup camera. They made these HD now, so it's nice and clear, and that is working nicely. Down here, your climb controls, factory exhaust brake, factory brake controller, stability control, downhill assist control, USB, USB-C, and a 12-volt power point, carpeting, and passenger side floor mat are in excellent shape, dual glove boxes, and the passenger side seat is in nice shape as well. Headliner is very clean, and it smells very clean inside this truck. I don't think it's ever been smoked in. You get map lights on star and SOS buttons up there as well. We'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up. No check engine lights or anything like that. Did want to show you the tire and loading information sticker, as well as the trailering information sticker. There's your bin sticker. I would personally like to thank you too for checking out the video, and hopefully from this HD video you'll have been able to verify the quality, condition, and options of this truck inside and out. Under the hood we have the 6.6-liter Duramax diesel engine, engine-based, very clean, runs very smooth. Once again, this truck has been fully safety-danned, inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off, and this truck is 100% ready to go. There is your emissions sticker. That co-induction hood comes up there, goes right here into the air box. That's how that works. I would highly recommend this truck from the quality and condition standpoint, and to see more pictures of this truck, or one or other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, halftones, three-quarter-tons, one-tons unit, we've got to go to that website right there, summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations, all at summitauto.com. If you'd like to check out more HD videos, you can go to youtube.com, slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video, and all the videos that you see there, click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. In fact, in a second, you'll see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel on the upper left. Link to more Chevy 2500 truck videos, like this one, the upper right link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left, and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those, check this out. We're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2020 Chevy Silverado 2500 Crew Cab Sharp Box LT1 in Summit White Clear Coat. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


She don't actually don't have a coffee. I drink it all already I've got enough here for you, Sarah. I can share Are you are you awake? Uh, how I need another cup maybe I bet you oh, we have Greg Clark. We have Sarah Guess what else guess what else what else what we have a what else Tree Elf is here.  She said we're out of control and so she needed to come in Everybody because I'm just gonna say good morning to everybody but everybody is here our regulars are here We love seeing you every Saturday morning We think you are so important that you come in and support us and we love being supported So we're gonna start off this morning with our question of the week Well, are we what is that? Oh Betsy doesn't need to start because your arms aren't long enough to conduct from New York City Oh, but I was still gonna make the announcement. Oh, yeah.  Are you really stepping away? I am really stepping away. Oh, okay. Cool. Yeah. Well, no, not cool We'll be sad. Okay. Take it away So good morning, everyone I we are gonna kick today off with a very very exciting announcement We've been talking about the we will rock you events and Rock is an Mags Mags going crazy going Rock stands for random acts of wiki tree kindness And it's an event that will take place three times during the year March June and September March is coming up and what it is is we held nominations to rent to Select five wiki treeers who will get basically the wiki tree challenge treatment They do we also solicited Volunteers researchers who are going to work away on these five wiki treeers Branches for the entire month of March so So do we have a drum roll that we do? Oh, wait That drum roll I was playing that sorry. I got too excited Mags is the official drum roll Okay Yay, okay. So these five wiki treeers were all selected randomly from amongst the nominations The first one is Gil Whitehouse Yes, Gil is a very active member of the England project she co-leads the orphan trail And she here's her family tree And by the way, everybody who was nominated or selected was very very excited So I would be yes, I would try to get my name in there. I don't know how I didn't get lots of Our second person who is going to get rocked is Bart Mollier, oh The Dutch project He is very very active Working on connecting the unconnected in the Dutch pride Really really fantastic work that he's doing Um Yes Thanks for sound effects great. Thanks for Mags. Our third person Wait for it wait for it wait for it Cindy Cooper From the Canadian project You can also see is my 19th cousin once women. Yes, Cindy is a little way Wait, is that nepotism? Cindy is a leader in the Acadian project Also data doctor also has some line lines in Quebec But she specifically asked if if possible if we could help with her maternal German lines so call out to those who are knowledgeable in German areas Number four number four Was the 1944 Gerber baby No, no way really there's there's We have the Gerber baby on wiki tree. Yeah, that is alive and working. Yes Yes, yes Gail has just a really really wonderful Bio on her profile. So I did not know that Gail was a Gerber baby. Look how cute I want to pinch your cheeks. I know I know Among among many other wonderful accomplishments that came after that On wiki tree Gail started the Holocaust project has also been a ranger and member of the profile improvement and unknowns project specifically if possible, she would love help with some of her lines Jewish lines in Hungary, Lithuania, Ukraine It that area Wow, as you might know the boundaries the country boundaries shift over time So it's sort of hard to pinpoint a country sometimes based specifically in the late 1800s is where she's getting stuck Wow Yeah, yep All right, and our fifth person is getting her off and I should Aaron Robertson Who is in the Appalachia, Italy and profile improvement projects? And her big wish is as you can see she is she's so close to 500 connections So close Analyzing we do some Appalachia project. Yes You said Appalachia project. Yes, I get a penny every time I say that As opposed to Appalachia Appalachia Yeah Yes, so she would love just getting boosted over 500 So those are our five lucky people who are going to get rocked in March And for the rest of us it is not too late At all for you to sign up to help with any any of these lines So I believe up. There it is in the chat Through that g2g post and we will get you on the list There you go. Yeah That is so cool, I know and we will have around like a end of the month video To to share what we've discovered at the end So, you know, if we just leave that up the whole time Anyone I mean we can move anyone up that we can Join our live cast and we'll cover you up with What's a lifetime opportunity, yeah, that's right That's your good shoulder Excited for this we will rock you really we're pretty excited about it Um, so how many people have you had and do you have signed up to volunteer already or have people started doing that? We have 46 people signed up Wow, and I was you know, there was a point where I was like Let's just get to 40 and now I'm like, oh come on. Let's just get I bet you're at 50 by the end of the live cat. I hope so That's why you know for more days, you know, it doesn't start till March 1st. So there's still plenty of time, right? So they could be rocking while we're rocking out at roots tech. Yeah, right? We will definitely be rocking out at it roots tech even though Sarah won't be there with mr. Microphone. Hey, baby. I'll be back in a minute to pick you up. I'd be back in a minute Did you guys remember that commercial? No There's a commercial with mr. Microphone. He's in the back of of a convertible He's passing this this group of ladies on the street and he leans out the car and says on mr. Microphone holding the speaker up Hey ladies, I'll be back to pick you up in a minute Okay, so moving right along I'll give the tip of the week now Yes, the tip of the week is all about the anniversaries list There we go Okay, so your anniversary the anniversaries list is something that has been around on wiki tree since 2015 But if you haven't stumbled upon it You go to the my wiki tree menu and it's right at the top. It's right at the top. Yeah, I just I just go right past it I go That's funny So basically what it is it is Organized by date all the birth marriages and dates of everybody in your watchlist So you can see that okay, we are February 25th. Oh look my great uncle was born On today, um, you know him I did not know But if we go here here's his profile um I mean the anniversaries list can be a great way to remind you to Share wiki tree on social media. For instance, um, if I wanted that there are a couple ways to do it, but Here on his profile under his menu I can just go to share on facebook. Oh, wow And then it takes me right to this page with very very clear instructions You say it gives the the tree that we all love And then you can save it and just post it To your social media and you know get your relatives talking and more interested and engaged um in In what you're doing on wiki tree um What else um you could um Also use it to maybe organize your research um, for instance, um, you could decide that you're going to work on spruce up people's profiles Who have something going on in february? Um, that's one way. I thought I'd do it. Um You if you have living family, you can always send them up you'd be reminded It's their birthday send them a wiki tree e-card. Yeah. Yes um, and this the anniversaries list is also Part of the 15 for 15 challenge Oh, we have a comment. Yes Oh Would love a share to twitter that easily is there not a twitter code or you can just copy that image there sandy and and post it Yeah, you know, I I linked In my my post my g2g post about the today's livecast. I I gave the link to Azure's youtube video on link sharing to social media and she goes through I'm sure twitter's on the list. She shows facebook instagram Um, and twitter a couple of others and I think there she has instructions on that video Yeah, um I suspect that what sandy was asking is if there could be like a pre-made page just like the Oh Pre-made page that sort of sets it up for you. Mm-hmm. I'll like share to twitter for dummies We used to have um share buttons, but they were causing issues with page load times So there were so many complaints about the page load times that those were taken off Um, I think I have that video Well Yeah, can I tell you that's about another thing about family anniversaries. Um in on the discord channel in the um app developers area Sorry There's been some discussion about there was a request someone asked if there's a way of of taking the anniversaries and exporting them to a calendar Like a google your google calendar. Yes, and so there are some developers that are are looking on that brian has uh got a Beta of that and so that might be something that's coming soon to one of the uh tree apps There is an anniversaries tree apps. So that might be where Um, something that's uh people are talking about I can't promise when it'll happen But I think that people are talking about that as a possibility now. My problem is that I haven't done what you suggested about Um, uh orphaning Profiles I've worked on that I don't need any more that aren't actually related to me So my watch list is massive. So I don't even want a calendar of all those thousands of people Right. Yes, then that way I was gonna mention that this looking at your anniversaries list may spur you to do a little spring house cleaning And you could take those non-family members and put them on your extra watch list If you have the wiki tree browser extension That's the link I have up right now is the link to Azure's um share video how to share stuff. Perfect. Thank you. Yeah, that's that's an awesome video. I have that So yeah, Greg, I had somebody add me to their trusted list when I first joined wiki tree Like to their entire trusted list Yes, no Any other ways that people use the anniversaries list Well, you know the e-card you mentioned, um, I've had somebody send me an e-card for my great great great grandfather's birthday So what they did was they found his They found I was related to this guy and they sent me a wiki tree e-card Because it was from the anniversary list Oh Yeah Yeah, so that is my tip of the week and so I am gonna Did you all agree? Yeah, we like puppies around here We do Okay. Oh, I guess now back to question of the week. Wait, wait, wait We're gonna go to puppy of the week Puppy of the week. Yes. Everyone is reaching down to try and outdo fin No, no to compliment fin I think I think kiki already Even though she's not a question of the week is do you have new zealand family? Oh I can't hear you mags you muted How did I do that? I think you you might have did you mean to mute a1 and you muted yourself No, I muted myself because I was coughing a minute ago. Oh, you guys haven't heard anything. I've said for like an hour.  Look at the puppy. Look at the puppies That is a cute little dog. That is oh my gosh. I want to just Thank you a1 All right question of the week did we question the week we're gonna try question of the week again Oh Max, please refresh your page. Please refresh your page Okay, why's that? Why did I do that? I edited the question Oh, yeah edited. Oh, gotcha. There we go. Thank you Uh question of the week. Do you have new zealand family? Do you Lots of people do apparently I know that we have a really really really active project new zealand project um, we have a very active kiwi crew um, and the the The project has a brand new leader And they're hopefully going to help get things moving a little bit more Uh, I have to say that immediately right in the very first comments Um, we had somebody ask a question and I don't normally talk about the comments. We had somebody Asking a question and then somebody answered it Hello If you're looking for an article, you will get a better picture about the early arrival of new zealand Scandinavians To marisville or if you're like maris gleeson marisville I am sure you will find an interesting reading records regards jack richardson Toranga, new zealand mosquitoes and sawdust by val ber. Thanks jack I love how wiki tree people are so collaborative And uh down here, uh That's a long one. Yeah Graham only has picked this one as the best and i'm not going to override his best pick by picking something that's best This is really an interesting read Um, it really kind of tells the story of all of those people in the new zealand project um, and i'm not going to read the whole thing, but uh The first new zealand arrived at mangan. I don't know if how they pronounce that mangan or mangan arriving in little jim on board the grass mirror in 1855 Uh, but i'm going to say it's mangan because they were french yugano So we're gonna we're going to assume that at that last i in is like shimmy So french yugano Protestants originally from lorraine who have connected through ancestry dna They fled france leaving all they possessed escaped Savage persecution and inhuman terror under catholic louis the 14th Our french patriarch was atm. Am i pronouncing that correctly atm. Yeah atm mangan Who started the first calvin inspired Protestant church with others administering sacraments to his congregation from his house At mo near Paris. So she tells the whole story of how they left they fled. Um I love how they called the new zealand the land of the long white cloud Yeah, that's pretty cool. And the the hobbit movies and lord of the rings were filmed there So you get an idea of the clouds there. Anyway, they go through the whole story about how the family ended up Uh fleeing Paris and running and then ending up Finally in the land of the long clouds. So, um, that's crazy cool. Probably shouldn't put your uh Email in there Janice Hobbs, but that's a great story. So Graham only picked that as the best go over and check that out We have a lot of Stuff. Um, the robin lozier is very very active I do try to add new zealand notables whenever I read about anyone interesting She's got a profile a list on her profile and she's Everybody wanted to to brag about how long they'd been in new zealand. It was like, you know, who's been there the longest Four generations five generations. I don't think that we have anybody that said they'd been there for six generations I think that the first couple of ships arrived in the 1840s like 1841 1840 um and people were talking about um fiano make michael who is actually the Project coordinator for the new zealand project was talking about um How uh, she's been doing amazing the little kiwi crew has been doing amazing work on new zealand profiles On their portion of the great big old shared tree And this week they're working on a program called pass Passengers which aired on tv down down under And so they're working on that so they they have great little Projects that they have many projects that are going on. So if you're interested in the new zealand project Jump in to that project um Let's see and then graham only who was the one who Selected that first answer is the best. I'm a fifth generation With closer links to family in the uk, but he's a kiwi a fifth generation. So we have a fifth. We have a sixth So let's see if we can get a sixth in there um Various profiles that ended up in new zealand, but the closest ones were my three brothers who all emigrated to From ireland whilst he had gone to canada Do do do do I had to get canada in there and somehow this morning wait So her grandfather's three brothers Went from ireland to new zealand while her grandfather was away in canada visiting relatives. Yep And then then she says i'd like to visit it someday. So i'm assuming the it is new zealand not canada Right So that's albrewer and make sure you vote up these these answers because We got to make sure these people get some love um, I love this My family hail from dunedin timaru and ocklin four to six generations. They're six That's not is that six generations? Yeah, well one of them has to be six generations Well, it actually could be back further because there are rumors of maori ancestry And if you aren't familiar with new zealand the maori are the indigenous tribes Of new zealand the original peoples And everybody wants to be connected to the maori I also think that that uh, alon picked this question the week so that I would have to try and pronounce some of the stuff I'm just saying I always I always say things about alon in here in the morning. Did you just come in to hear what I was going to say about you? Oh, let's go on down. Uh, my first immigrant family Arrived in january 1840 to the shores of what would become peton or petone Among first of the wakefield sailors from kent to new zealand over the next 40 years the rest of my family came from scotland in ireland Sometimes via the nearby connies and now what is now called australia So cool down under new zealanders Uh, that's from the first page Let me jump over to this page Eric wettington says No But I have a mate who's a kiwi. I keep mentioning wiki tree to him But he says he has a bunch of family info that he needs to sort and should join But he never does at least not yet. Give us his phone number, eric We'll call him live on the show Unless he's in new zealand then just give us your phone information and we'll call him from your phone All right, and I love this I love wiki connections. I'm in iowa in the united states And thanks to the connections and the work done by others found at okay. Here you go. Anyone Aotiroa connection.  I'm arriving on the first boat to sail from the uk Though the second will arrive after a difficult voyage in 1841 One of my multiple great uncles was born on the beach at Paton Shortly after they arrived according to the family bible although the first child was credited with being Born on the ship At anchor in the bay of the islands my great uncle is repeated to be the first born actually born On using the soil so the first white Northern european people um Let's see my father born ronald charles eames Watford uk emigrated around 1950. So this is a later arrival. I lost track of him From then on except for a family visit back to the uk in 1960 61 So he reportedly died in new zealand in 1969. He was a baker by trade working at holiday resorts Butelands, I don't want to say buttlands Butelands hailing island He was the name changer and womanizer And supposedly had a wife kathy in new zealand. Uh-oh It's extremely likely that he may have fathered children in new zealand under a different name Oh, my So if you know anything Yeah, sounds like a dna surprise and that was the other thing. Let's hop on over to the next page Which is I have many dna cousins in new zealand What a segway.  That was so good So, um, and they all like baking They all like baking and they have the name evans Um, at least her name wasn't baker. No Oh, so DNA cousins so a lot of people were talking during these great answers about New zealand connections being dna connections and and discovering dna Discovering family from new zealand through their dna work. And then I love this I grew up and still live in new zealand and they give all of the information on their Family the germans. Isn't that cool? That's shine kelly So that is the question of the week I wonder if she's related to ned kelly Like that. Isn't that an infamous like New zealand He's all one of those bottles of wine, isn't he? Yeah. Yeah The what is it those what are those called convicts? Yeah, yeah, something like that. Yeah So that's it That's the question of the week. Thank you so very much. I I appreciated She says a1 but uh Somebody said a1. I don't know. I think sarah did over there I was saying that june was saying she had dna matches to new zealand, but has no idea How they're related Maybe you have a you have a long lost uncle who was also a womanizer Who named evans who was a baker? Maybe who knows I missed one mags. Oh, no, john. I missed one. Oh She probably was I mean, I'm sure she we didn't go through all 70 says it. No, I don't think we did this day I'll look to see where it is. I'm assuming. I guess he wants you to find his What's to find his comment give me a hint. What page was it all? Oh man, you want to are you going back to it or no? Go ahead. Peter. Peter. Who are you? The profiles of the week this week are From the deck uva and freedman bureau friday wiki tree seven by seven challenge So, you know that this year the wiki tree challenges are taking different groups ancestry groups or genealogy groups and most recent one To coincide with black history month is the deck uva and freedman bureau friday So in case you don't know what that stands for Deck uva is the descendants of enslaved communities at the university of virginia and So this is a group that They're they're modest as at all or they're a subtitle Model byline reclaim honor and repair So, uh, they're doing great work. Um tracking down And the enslaved People who were enslaved and finding their ancestors and the descendants and following them So they've got a great web page here that talks about their project and And on association with that there is a facebook page for finding the enslaved laborers at uva which Is also is the connection from the freedman bureau friday wiki group Um, and so I've got to say before we go into any of these profiles I've got to give a shout out to the the people who worked on these and the um the black heritage Users group on wiki tree. You've done amazing amazing work. Um, it's important work And it's it's great work that you've done these these profiles Are are wonderful the ones that we're going to pro we're going to highlight today and um And it's important that these people who didn't have a voice Finally have a voice and and some history added to that and and very challenging to define some of these records and some of these connections because Many times they they weren't counted in the early censuses and It's trying to difficult to uh to get to that so That's sort of my overall impression when I went through all of this. I thought that's um that I needed to start start off by prefacing that um and mags always knows how everyone's connected but I It occurred to me that I could just find that by going to my own profile and with this latest um With the latest plugin if you go to the bottom of your profile That actually sorts the people who are connected to you in order so it's easy for me to read this now It basically took away mags job I'm sorry, but for but I also wanted to point out that sandy who's in our chat Is my closest one of my closest connections. So hey sandy I don't know we're cousins. I think we are cousins probably. She's my closest connection to Well that and my own So who who else is how is how is sarah and a win and you know, I haven't got aowing up yet I gotta get better. I gotta get betsy was uh betsy's closer to dolly berms Mm-hmm. Let me find aowing real quick. Let me see you have to go you have to go to ramos 244 If you want to actually know That's so weird to see your name that way. Oh, sorry oops Well, you know, I have any categories for me to do a quick jump. Oh Girlfriend you got some close links You're 19 degrees from blanche bruce 19 degrees from sandy paddock Um closer You're 21 degrees from armenta tubman 22 degrees from turner malone 19 degrees from ellen craft ellen cornet That's crazy. You've got lots of good matches there Yeah, I think dolly burns was the closest Don't um Yeah dolly burns and sarah sandy paddock and Blanche bruce Oh wait 16 From ellen craft 16 Wow, let me look at that and that's through Your daddy It's always been my dad And where's joe mama today? She said she was gonna go grocery shopping and then pop in after but we'll see what that means. We'll see. Yeah We'll see that's where we are on her list nowadays So the first profile of the week is blanche calso bruce Who was born the first of march? So his birthday is coming up 1841 he's not with us to celebrate his birthday Unfortunately, um, he passed away on st patrick's day. So maybe that was a celebration. Maybe not. I don't know age 57 a little young um So he is a part of the us black history And part of the us black heritage project um His claim um His claim to fame is he is the only former slave who was actually elected as a u.s senator And the first african-american to complete a full senate term Um, I believe he was the second african-american to be elected to the senate But the first only one who was a former slave Um, and it was until I think it was in the 70s. It says later on in the profile that um He was ousted as the at about up until the 70s. He was the only uh, american african-american to complete a full term in the senate Uh, but he was born into slavery on the first of march 1841 in farmville prince edward county, virginia youngest of 11 children of pauli bruce an african-american woman who served as a domestic slave And his father pettus perkinson was a white virginia planter and he was her and slaver Um previously pauli been enslaved by perkinson's father-in-law memuel bruce And then This profile it's I mean like many of these profiles it goes into a lot of detail So this uh, this particular one there was a lot of details about growing up talking about The the lineage He'd been assumed that his heir was the father of blanche and several of his siblings He grew up uh, he had an interesting um childhood because he was uh, because he was The son of the slip of us.  So he was educated and so didn't he didn't um Didn't live the harsh realities of life of the fields of field slaves um And then he escaped slavery during the war went to kansas When his white half brother enlisted in the uh in the war And then he eventually came back and he was elected to the legislature of mississippi then to the u.s. Senate um And there he was a second african-american to serve in the upper house and the first one to complete the term um And then it can goes on and continues about uh, the rest of his career and stuff He died as young at 57 um as a result of diabetes Uh, at which point there was no cure for it at that point or remedy until Until insulin was discovered Um, so that's the first one Next we have dolly burns, uh born dolly, uh Epps No, yeah dolly epps um, she was born about 1830 in louisiana According to the louisiana freedman's bureau field office records. Her owner was richard lynch and the freedman's bureau, um those records are um now that they've become available online um been a real uh field day for And source for many of these profiles Wonderful work that was done um and now made available On family search, uh, I know and it's free or certainly when it was announced a couple years ago It was free on ancestry. I suspect it's still free there, but I have to double check that. Um Uh, so when she was enumerated she was 42 and she was uh living at uh in st. Mary's parish louisiana um And her her biography is fairly short because of the you know, just a few of those official records Just um, but there's a section here for slave owners And you'll see that in a number of these profiles as well and then Another great thing that the the project people have done when they've worked on these profiles adding research notes because As you can imagine with when there's a shortage of records There's sometimes there's stories family stories that may or may not have been proven yet with sources Um, or there's some conflicting information So the putting that information in the research notes is very important and helpful for uh future wiki treers and uh descendants I love research notes. Oh Yes They are wonderful Yeah, actually in the uh christmas challenge, um No one broke through the brick wall. Um, I had put my name in right at the sort of the last minute But someone added some really great research notes to the the profile of the person I was looking for or I was trying to get beyond so that's appreciated So that was that that was a present in itself um Back to the profiles of the week though. Um ellen barrett cornet um Uh was born into slavery in 1842 Migrated to arkansas prior to in 1861 um Many of the slaves that wound up in arkansas had been sold by family and friends due to profit punishment bankruptcy gambling debts or master's death or a myriad of other reasons um So that's kind of interesting in fact one thing I really like about this profile which I've seen in some but not um And not so much in other ones for this week, but I really like how it takes I mean it takes the facts we know for example that she was born into slavery in 1842 and moved to arkansas But then expands on that and gives sort of the background or that like the cultural background or the geographical in this case um The rationale for moving from one place to another What was happening in society at that time?  So it it flows nicely as a story and and um Yeah, it's a good reading sun. Jeff was born in arkansas um Just south of uh, the pulse provide room board for uh, so a little rock here Uh arkansas was fully restored to the united states, right because they had seceded during and were part of the confederacy um They became the second confederate state to gain readmission Of course my first question was then what was the first state? But I didn't look that up in time, but maybe I'm just gonna guess it was not south carolina Someone in the chat will probably know right away who the first state was to gain readmission um, but anyways, uh So the and then the profile goes on talks about her life Um, she was in 1910. She was a widowed mother living in the household of her son um Five or eight children in 1900 five or eight children were still living So and she died in 1915 again, there's not a section here on her enslavement and uh slave owners and then family notes Um, I've seen this in a couple of these profiles. There are quote There are paragraphs that were written by descendants and there's a note on these Please do not edit because these are quotes directly from the descendants. So we want to honor These and leave them as as they are Um, I'm excited about this opportunity my third great grandmother ellen barrett is an indicative of what a black women faced at a critical point in the reconstruction of this country Our family passed down stories about her life to remind us of our resilience and how hard our family fought to stay together And that goes on with some more details and stuff. So That's really neat and then The research notes continue on them about about the story and whatnot so Very cool great profile Yeah, yeah, all of these were well done like Picked uh, well well picked well done research and everything. Yeah, so very impressive Oh sandy Tennessee was the first there we go, of course sandy would know right South Karen and I was the first to leave you So that's why you figured it wasn't the first. Yeah. Yeah, they were the first shots in the in the whole thing On fort sumpter. Yeah This was my closest that's an interesting story I did not mention how I was close to a lot of these people. This is my closest at 14 degrees And this woman and barack obama and I share Family together in this line. So no, it's a really close cousin of mine. Isn't that amazing? That is amazing through the welburn family This is cool. So ellen um was born into slavery and um, so was her husband um, but they They had an unusual and daring attempt They escaped slavery because she masqueraded as a white male slave owner And william was accompanying her because she was pretending she he was her slave There are more reasons why I should be close to her So their escape was successful and became well known. Yeah, so she was born into slavery 1826 to a mixed race slave And I'll her and her wealthy plant own plant her owner So her mother was already mixed race and her father was white So that would that would explain her lighter complexion You know saying that she's mixed race is probably better to say she was the product of some nastiness Just no. Well, I know Yeah, so I mean it was it was not uh, it wouldn't nothing easy about any of this, but she married william craft And her her own slave owner I guess had had a half interest But she passed herself off as a white male planter. So not only she changed her race and her gender to pull this off um in appearances And he traveled as her personal servant and they escaped by train and steamboat arriving in philadelphia on christmas day Well, that's a nice christmas present They made it to boston where they were living And they became they'd been married as slaves in georgia, but they again officially married in in boston But because there were prominent fuges uh fugitives And there was a fugitive slave act. Yes, I guess would re enslave them if they were caught They escaped to liverpool england Live there had had their raised their children there Um lived there for almost two decades and in england in 1810 outlawed returning slaves in 1810 and I learned that on that show I've been watching that show called enslave with samuel l jackson last night. I watched it Nice 10 that happened in the they didn't outlaw slavery, but The returning of them. Yeah, so so going to england was a safe harbor for them And so they stayed there, but then they did eventually come back to the states and uh settled back in south carolina Who knew yeah, and she passed away in 1891, but what an amazing story very yeah rose fortune uh born in 1774 in philadelphia um Had two husbands uh passed away at the age of 89 in anapolis royal novus kosher in Well, what would be canada it wasn't canada yet in 64 because canada didn't come into a nation until 67, but I wonder if she was a loyalist What's that? I wonder if she was a loyalist um I know I think she escaped, uh Well, she escaped during the revolutionary war Well anything anything to get away from Whether she was a royalist or not But um, she was the first female police officer in north america because she patrolled the docks of anapolis royal Which is in no novus kosher um wow immigrated when she was uh 10 years old to anapolis valley um She was born into slavery in virginia and then they escaped to new york city her family um And moved to canada to novus kosher in uh when she was 10 She started her own business hauling lug cart carting luggage and a wheelbarrow between the ferry docks and nearby homes Um, and then she became entrusted with safeguarding that property and maintaining order on the wars and warehouses of anapolis royal Is acting as the town's waterfront police officer? Don't touch that luggage. Don't touch that luggage. I mean if you look at the watercolor ever, I wouldn't argue with her No, she she was a force to be reckoned with. No. Yeah I mean just the posture. She's got there. Yes. That's right. Yeah, but sadly she was buried in an unmarked grave um But then a marker was added afterwards in her honor And and I have to say if you've ever read um the book of negroes It's a fictional account of some of these stories But living in novus kosher was not easy Not easy in the least. It wasn't running away to No, yeah. No, it was hard Good honor Yeah Uh, next we have myles haney born in 1830 in tennessee um And he was born into slavery in 1830. Yeah passed away in 1880 when his name appears on the federal census in jackson, Nevada, arkansas um Neither he nor his wife who was born in slavery in mississippi knew where their parents were from and that said Their daughter was also living with them at that time And then we have some family notes based on oral tradition myles and his family were owned by haney and satyr white families We know that wilburne haney son of george luke haney and mary bicker haney married martha and satyr white daughter of tomas satyr white and nary pounds satyr white in 1849 So we have some possible families there, but they don't have a any official documentation yet So we've got some information there in the under possible slave owners um again the satyr satyr white and haney names come up So there's some some places there where um future wiki treers or descendants can go to continue the the research um but i'm You know depending on the number of records, uh, I wonder dna is the um might be The way to go in terms of trying to find some some more hints too. So yep, I agree with that. Yeah Jefferson logan born 1836 in missouri um to moses or mazy logan Also born in katucky after his birth his father was able to buy his own freedom his wife's freedom and one son's freedom And at the start of the civil war He gave his three children that were still enslaved $100 each and counseled them to loan it out with interest so that they would be able to buy their own freedom eventually um in 1862 jefferson along with two other men escaped to iowa um So his father had some financial sense to him there um And gave a bunch of those uh um He married uh, he married in in iowa mary haze. They had two sons um He married in 72 his wife died in 75 and Jefferson did not remarry. I wonder if she died as a result of childbirth or shortly thereafter um Yeah, the clarence was born in 75 Yeah, that's a good guess there Yeah, that's sad I joined his brother He returned to iowa became a prominent businessman So that financial Know-how that his father had obviously rubbed off on him He was a treasurer of the iowa state bystander in african-american newspaper when it began publishing Uh by close attention to business infrugality. He has been successful in securing considerable very valuable property Which requires his time looking after it Um, he in 1904 he was the wealthiest black man in damoyne Isn't that very cool He's listed as a freedom seeker in the iowa freedom trail project Hey, and there's a research note from a son the funeral of a son so very neat Turner robert malone the first Uh was born around january in 1844 He was the son of john williams and aliza kelly born as a slavery on the plantation the missus lynch rowell Who is the sister of tom lynch? Near alexandria city in virginia Somewhere between 38 and 44 Uh when he was only six weeks old Um, missus lynch rowell sold turner his mother aliza and two brothers to bill malone So imagine having to pick up and leave and move to a whole new Well picking up and moving moving to a new place with a newborn is hard enough But when you're enslaved it like that's just at least they sold them all together Well Two, uh, I don't know it says a mother and two brothers if those are the only maybe the whole family went. Um But not not necessarily right no No, I was going to get excited that that had happened. Yeah. Yeah He enlisted in company g of the colored infantry in 1864 and he fought under the name buck malone Buck was a nickname that was used by his former slave owner Um after the war ended he started using the name turner arm alone, but r doesn't stand for an initial It's just the last letter of his first name Like but it sounds important. It does sound important. Yes Having an initial makes it sound so much more official. Um applied for a pension And it was granted one. There's details there down in the research notes The family oral history says that he was enslaved near alexandria enslaved with his mother nancy When turner was one they were sold near floyd georgia I I want to hope there were they were stayed they stayed together. Yeah. Yeah This this is a note from when he was in the war His regiment went without provisions for four days during the war He found some fresh meat to eat but the meat gave him diarrhea And then the diarrhea was treated by drinking a mixture of oil and turpentine And this caused his kidneys to hemorrhage After that his kidney on the left side caused him pain When turner was discharged. He caught smallpox from someone in the camp In two days after he came home. He was bedridden He was remain in isolation six to eight weeks and received very poor care I mean amazing. He survived that at all But he did and had three children And there is there's was found in the freightman's bureau again that source of records and stuff. So And then there's lots of other details there, but um Very very interesting profile Ned Mason Now this one i'm not sure so he was born in 1903. So he himself was not enslaved. So i'm And it is a very short profile. So i'm wondering did I if I clicked on the wrong link or But he's part of the us black heritage project migrated from north carolina to pennsylvania Son of reberta bellfield mary ella huff and i in 1967 So, um I wonder if it's his parents That we should be talking about I wonder. Yeah, I went up there No, not her parent not his parents either Yeah, because she was born 86 that's still after Yeah Anyways, interesting though. Yeah. Yeah, then we have alice wells um Born about 1865 in georgia. You skipped you skipped one No, i'm saving her for last. Ah, so good for you But thanks for tonight on me because you know, I could have easily missed this mess this up She was born 1865 probably the daughter Probably the daughter of henry worman again You know, there's not There's not all the records that you'd hope to have But henry left when he died in 1871 in laurence county georgia. He left in his will he left his daughter alice Spelled al l is Which is how you pronounce how you'd spell it if you were just trying to do it phonetically, right? um Left her her mother's chest a spinning wheel the kitchen table and other household furniture I thought isn't that interesting? A spinning like I mean specifically a spinning wheel. So that must have been important to to him or his or her mother probably um And the fact that he had her mother's chest, but there's no name for the mother that was anywhere on the record You know, that's kind of sad that we're missing that little piece of information Well, you would want to you would want to think that maybe one of the kids ruthi ida winnie florally Ivory oh how fun how to spell that. Yeah. Yeah, but you would think that maybe one of the kids was named for her right, yeah, so that would be good, but um, I mean sometimes and even when in the early senses right when even when um The slaves were included. Sometimes they were just tick marks in some of them, right? Right, right So um Just their ages or yeah, so it's heartbreaking. She was married at 16 to win wells um, but just the piece uh It looks like someone stopped midway in this I went I edited the I went to edit mode to see well Maybe the rest of the paragraph was cut off because of a formatting break, but no it just ends with w there What what what what their their wedding was What? Um, anyways, they had nine children. Um and uh Interesting so in one one of the sent the 19 1910 census She'd reported that she had 12 children 10 of them living so I guess the two of them passed away young And uh, there we go. She died After 1910 so she was in the 1910 census I don't I wonder if that means they haven't found her in the 20 or any of the later censuses yet so um And then the final one is the only the only profile the only person I actually knew of I'd heard of before Um, but most people probably have heard of Harriet Tubman She has great connections to canada as well, dude. Exactly. In fact, there is a church that's just Uh, about 10 minutes south of arelia where I live Or the area where I um that was that was part of where some of the um People from the Underground Railway settled so There's a close uh a close geographic connection Uh to where I am right now But of course Harriet Tubman iconic figure in the history of us civil rights Renowned abolitionists and conductor of the famed Underground Railway railroad Her birth name was Araminta Ross Or minty and she was born into slavery around 1822 on Anthony Thompson's plantation in Dorchester County, Maryland Now I knew of Harriet Tubman Well, I didn't realize it was Maryland and I didn't realize that Maryland had had slavery I thought it was too far north Right below it the the some of the biggest battles were just across the line In Pennsylvania like Gettysburg is right at Maryland. Ah, yeah I didn't put the I I always thought, you know much deeper south, right? I didn't didn't realize that Maryland was um So, um, she was the fifth of nine children the right smack dad in the middle of the family Um, her parents had married around 1808. Um, and this is kind of neat. They're well neat Ish their respectives and slavers had married so the They're the owner of the of her mother and the owner of her father Married each other and then that brought them together. So they got um, they got married So There's a small little sliver silver lining there The family was together. Yeah Um, at the time her father was enslaved By Thompson, her mother was enslaved by Mary Patterson Brodes um And Mary passed away leaving right her children enslaved by the minor son Edward under Anthony Thompson's guardianship This allowed the family to stay together. So there we go. They stayed together for a while. Um, but then uh, they They did they did start getting separated. Um, at one point She was struck in the head with a heavy weight or a stone and the effects of this injury included headaches and seizures Which plagued Harriet for the rest of her life Eventually several of her sisters were sold. So that's very sad um Harriet married in 1840. She married a local free black man John Tubman for her last name her new or the last name that we know her by comes from Um, and that's when she started using the word her name Harriet instead of Araminta or minty um She they She escaped with a couple of her brothers, but then they came back, but she didn't stay for long She did escape herself in 1849 to Philadelphia And then there she worked saved her money and she repeatedly returned to Maryland to rescue others from slavery And one of the nicknames that they've given her is moses because she Brought her people to freedom. Just like there's a there's a movie that came out two years ago called Harriet And it really documents. She actually led a revolt of slaves and ended up Getting these people and and getting them on ships right underneath the noses Of the Confederacy. So that I mean, it's crazy My my profile, you know the the extension for wiki tree Yeah, that's that she's my 16th cousin five times removed But it also says that she is my 20th great-grandmother twice. It shows two different routes that she's my great-grandmother Wow That's amazing. Wow That's amazing. Yeah, so after the Fugitive Slave Act the one that we talked about in the previous profile She moved to st. Catherine's in Ontario. Whoo. There's a there's a canada connection Um and stayed there for eight years Um and brought many people across to st. Catherine's and and she was an abolitionist and preaching abolitionism in canada a lot And in england, correct? I believe I think so. Yeah Yeah, and she served with the union army during the civil war Scout nurse cook and spy A spy a spy But it wasn't because of a spy because she was a nurse that she actually got a pension out of the deal The nurse was I guess legit the one you can put down on the official forms um And then eventually did move back to to new york and there's a nice picture of her So there she's there on the left and there's her husband sitting down and and uh other family there's uh borders and um Uh children from neighbors and this is her great niece. I think it is Nice. Oh, there we go Well done, and then there's more details.  It's fantastic. Just a great job Huzzah To you for that that's that's great. Emma. Yeah Okay Sarah, I know it's really late, but do you want to talk about any of the pictures that we have up? There's there's two from last week and one i'm real excited about because it Oh, no, it must have a yama in it That would That would no But a uh some kind of animal. Oh, okay. Okay. Am I sharing it? Always my roomy There okay, so this is one of them. This is one only two got uploaded since last week Uh, so we have this one I think that's kind of cute the I think he's a tire. He's yeah, it looks like a tire I'm wondering if it's a tractor tire like it's look at the oh, it's a model t-tire A what model t-tire. Oh, does it say that? No, it doesn't say that I just recognize it Magical snow things 1918 My next store the next door neighbor to my grandmother had a really big penchant for automobiles He had Rolls Royces He had old model t's. He had all sorts of stuff and that looks like a model t-tire Okay, and this is in indiana michigan city Okay, and then the next photo It's wonderful Oh, there's a doggie two little puppies.  I'm looking in the windows, too This is a pretty house too. Look the guy looks like he's ever he looks like a guy here Where is this from I don't know I was excited about the dog that didn't look um england and Oxfordshire oxford sure. Yes and Kathleen Thompson uploaded this one. She has a lot of photos so Um gsl says that I missed the homes last week. You may have but don't worry Emma Not Emma. This is the last one of the month though. So yeah, I know Okay, there was only a couple there. I mean look at that photos I think only two were from last week. Is that from last week? And then I think This one was also from last week Mm-hmm 100 year old Japanese re-erected in Ingham There's an Ingham little news article So Oh brisketing from japan to brisketing Cool Yep, and then that was it. I was just excited about the dog one but And and uh maren's really interested in the garden rather than the dog I thought the person holding the dog looked like Walt Disney But probably not if he was in england maybe related maybe it was the hat and you know the little mustache Oh, let me get myself in order here. Um, we got stuff coming up Get myself together So I've already been on the social media. Let's go with that Uh the social media. So we're going to the week of sunday february 26, which is tomorrow I have a talk with the halton peel Ontario genealogist society, uh for african For black history month going to be talking about an african canadian family history mystery If you're interested you can check out the halton peel ontario genealogical society for that For wiki tree. We've got stuff coming up next week. What's going to happen next week people? Roots tech Elf elf actually wears elf ears at roots tech. I just say really, you know We're gonna help cost you Like for years for years Chris wanted mags to be a tree Like as a tree The wiki tree Like five foot two Yeah Five five.  She is very tall Like really tall. So Aowan is what I always joke about her being little because I do think of her as a little elf running around the tree Getting stuff done, but in stature. She's quite tall. So she would be a much better tree chris Um She would be a hard no on that one Hard no, yes So we're gonna be at roots tech next week. So we will still be doing the live cast but Beware because it's our live cast. We are going to do it at the regular time mountain standard time for us So 10 a.m. For us, which would be What 10 here 10 11 12 12 p.m. Here 12 noon So catch us at noon. So Yeah There was a tree at roots tech hillary is correct. Oh my gosh, and he was fantastic and we were like we can never be that good It was the dinosaurs Dinosaurs will be back this year. I don't share the guy the tree didn't come last year So what we've got coming up this week coming up. We've got one place studies wednesday One name study tuesday We've got project showcase showing up in g to g post wiki tree live cast Of course, it's uh 12 noon next week What is wiki tree how to use wiki tree? I believe that would be betsy coze No, that's uh, she's been sharing conny knocks to the Oh, cool big thing about using wiki tree. So we've been sharing little chapters from that Nice connection finder on friday Uh, no bingo friday or there is bingo. I'm a third there. Yeah, there's bingo friday. Um, keep scrolling Wait 17 get in the middle of march No, no, that's see that's throwing me off Uh, march third friday night bingo Yes, there's also gonna be bingo at during root stack in there a1 Yeah, we're doing bingo at the booth bingo at the booth and and Greg and I may do and betsy if betsy's there may do play-by-plays Yes, a1 pulling out the cards. She's getting ready to read another another number. What will that be? um Meet our members on the fourth Then the third the sound around around up again live cast from root stack homes for the photos We wrap that up today. So what's the next month's uh photo of the week? Theme do you know yet anyone? I don't I don't do that one anymore Oh, okay. Meg you scroll back. You you didn't mention that. We're actually going to be live casting every day from roots tech Yes, we are we're and I think that's in that that calendar as well Yes, we're going to be live casting from roots tech. So you see 430 noon, but these are all mountain standard time The the theme is sport sport For the photos. Oh Look there Thank you, sarah Oh, and really quickly. Let me go back up here jump over to g2g really fast Go to questions and will we see you at roots tech? We hope we do if you are at roots tech come by and say hi and jump into a picture with us We're doing that at 10 55 on friday 10 55 am on friday. We're gonna do a big picture So where your orange come and and take a picture with us then um Let's see what's happening around. I love you alin by the way. This is great I know I've got it. I've got to get the march one going. It has just a couple things on it. So So dan oh no, we don't have anything yet for march. So but Oh So we're the last thing this time. So she's got to get it cranked out for next week, but we've got social Scroll down. I started it like keep going. There's a see also for march No, go back up To the bottom of the original post And they're the comment for the original post all the comments. Yeah So right there see also march. So I started march Oh, yeah, there you go. I started march I need a lot of help sometimes Oh, look march 5th new member q&a with vetsy co and friday night me go the 31st. So there you go It's nations tour argentina 15 for 15 mission. How many people are doing 15 50 and we've got those coming up So that's it So that's that's the week that was the week that we was anyone's any special words a1 No I'm glad to be here.  It's exciting It's fun and it's fun to be able to hang out on saturdays and talk about this And it's so much fun to have a special guest and to have our regulars like sarah and betsy and greg We we have a good time on saturdays wear your house toad bring your coffee bring your irish coffee Guys if you guys are great All right, we will see you Next


This lecture is titled Indian Drama Classical Theory and Practice. The lecture is divided into three parts. In part one, we will examine the great treatise on performative arts written by Bharat Muni. We will also look at two examples in part B that he has mentioned by way of varieties of plays Natak and Bhan and then we will take up the issue of classical folk modern continuum. This is to expose you to classical theories. We started with Aristotle and we have come to Bharat Muni's Natya Shastra. In terms of various theories and terms that have been used so far, I think by now you are aware of the fact that terms like literature, drama and performance have undergone alterations based on aesthetic practice and the playwrights or theatre groups imagination. So while talking about Aristotle, the term poetry, the term fiction, the term drama, these were used in variety of ways and some groups emphasized one term over another term because they felt that it revealed their own point of view better. So similarly here, the terminology is entirely different and it is really a great privilege to be able to talk about such a great treatise and also the examples that have unfolded long ago. In Bharat Muni's Natya Shastra, what is actually right at the outset interesting is its location in terms of democratic space. This is the way I perceive it because when you look at the early part of this document, you notice a kind of tussle, a kind of conflict which again is of course reflection of social conflict or conflict of worldviews, but it also pushes you towards the very nature of drama which thrives on conflicts. It sort of looks at a conflict in variety of ways. So to quote from Natya Shastra, Brahma asked the Vignas why they wanted to destroy Natya. Virupaka, Virupaksh on behalf of the Vignas said that the Natya Vedas created by Brahma at the request of the gods was to glorify the gods at the cost of the Vignas' humiliation. So there was this feeling that a whole set of people were left out of this framework or from this creation. These are mythic stories. So then it is stated here, you are as much the creator of us as of the gods, so you should not have done it. So right from the very early part of this text, you begin to see the assertion of democratic space and therefore it is very interesting again to note that Brahma went on to suggest that actually Natya Vedas had a very very different outlook. It was inclusive, it was capacious. So again to quote from this text, Brahma said, if that is all, then there is no need for you to feel angry or aggrieved, I have created the Natya Vedas to show the good and bad actions and feelings of both the gods and yourselves. It is the representation of the ways of the entire three worlds. So that is the kind of range of imagination that is contained in drama as a mode of representation. So it says it is the representation of the entire three worlds and not only of the gods of or of yourselves, it gives you peace, entertainment, happiness as well as beneficial advice based on the actions of high, low and middle people. No wonder Natya Shastra was called the fifth Vedas, but again apart from this question of contested world views and also this question of who gets the primacy in terms of the projection in this representational mode. I think the other thing that is very visible is the aesthetic fineness which is visible in almost every stage of this text. And for example, if we are talking about content and the democratic space that it allowed for and it created, I am not just allowed for it created in a fundamental sense, then it also talks about the relationship between this text and the audience. So this sense of creating the text, the sense of representing the material for the audience, all these things have been of course taken care of in terms of great degree of sophistication. It will not be possible for us to capture the totality and the depth of this because unless one reads a lot of these texts, it is very difficult to understand what is being talked about. But we are trying to foreground some important issues for you and I think it one can safely say that when we quote from the eulogy of Natya and when Bharat Muni points out based on the practice of that time, that drama brings rest and peace to persons afflicted by sorrow or fatigue or grief or helplessness. He is actually talking about very rich format of drama which also allowed for complex viewing and he feels that this aesthetic experience leads to all these virtues, all these if I would used an Aristotelian phrase, cathartic emotions. There is no art, this is very unique again, very thought provoking statement where he says there is no art, no knowledge, no yoga, no action that is not found in Natya. In other words, Natya is close to life, Natya has all the elements that life has and of course life is in a flux whereas drama gives it shape, form and also refines that whole process of representation to provide aesthetic pleasure which stands on its own and therefore it leads to the kind of release of internal sort of possibilities in the members of the audience also. After this Bharat Muni of course went on to talk about the intricacies of the stage and I really personally think it is absolutely marvelous to read this, I have tried to read it in the original but I am really sort of not so well versed with Sanskrit and therefore the translation also makes me feel quite excited because look at the description of the stage also. So, it is both in terms of the space, the separated space which was used and also you know the sense that that separated space is the space where imaginatively the theme would be constructed for the audience. So, I would go back to that slide where he talks about the stage, different areas of the stages as thus distinguish the area of performance could be either a house or a town or a garden etc. According to the dialogue one could see if it is an inside of a house or an outside locale or the middle of a road or a far off country. So, again it is really very pleasurable as I am sure you must have experienced it and we experienced this time and again when we go to theatre to see a play or a performance that is the term he is used here. When you see even things that you are familiar with their representation and again to have a range of this kind it allows for the inside and the outside to be represented and that is again as I feel you know really fascinating it shows the kind of plays that were presented at that time and all the artistic interpretations and finesse that was necessary. In terms of plays he has pointed out that there are two kinds of plays. One is lokh dharmi that is where the characters behave naturally. I think the parallel in terms of western terminology would be perhaps realism where there is life like a representational mode plays of chekka plays of ipson would fall within this category. Naatya dharmi according to this definition is dramatic somewhat stylized when characters are side by side and the speech of one is supposed not to be heard by the other is Naatya dharmi. So, that is there is an element of artifice involved in Naatya dharmi plays because even if the person is speaking the character is speaking and if the playwright does not want this to be shared by the other character. So, the other character would pretend that he or she has not listened to the dialogue but the audience would be able to listen to it. So, you know you have soliloquy right here which again is a fascinating aspect to the fact that theater has always allowed for not only the external aspect of human beings but the emotive inner life. And also the rapport between the performers and the audience is that of sharing secrets sharing the inner insights. And that makes for a very very finely textured understanding of this form. So, Naatya dharmi is of this kind and then in this type mountains aerial chariots weapons etcetera are given human forms. So, again that is a delightful kind of possibility because when human beings enact all these other inanimate objects that also lends an interpretive charge to it which of course through good performances adds to the delight in the perceptions of the audience. About the language issue and again about the protagonists the choice of protagonist you know Sanskrit drama sort of has always been controversial especially when contemporary theater practitioners look at these ideas I think many of these ideas really trouble them or make them feel worried about the world view that this contained. But if we look at it in terms of the practice of that time and what it represented it does show that this was a very hierarchy oriented world but I think in terms of again the aesthetic representation you do see that they did not exclude any character. So, within the hierarchy itself or within the world view which was saturated in class divisions and also class divisions you still see that it is inclusive because it represents different kinds of characters. So, the kinds of four languages that are mentioned and it is pointed out that though the languages themselves are Sanskrit and prakrit these four kinds are only the intonations and I really am not an expert on this but I just thought I should mention this because from the point of view of hybridity that we have talked about in module 1 and 2 in terms of contemporary writers and this whole issue of hybridity which shows the way you know people use multiple languages the mix and match and also are very expressive and inventive in using language I think this holds some interest for us. So, atibhasha is intended for gods, aribhasha is intended for the kings, jatibhasha is various kinds mixed with foreign words refined or rustic and jatyantari bhasah is rustic foresters, animals and birds. So, you remember human beings acting as animals and birds they would also use this language. Characters in disguise, sramanas, ascetics, mendicants should use prakrit.  But itinerant recluses, sages, Buddhists, learned brahmin and other qualified in the knowledge of the Vedas should speak Sanskrit. As I said this has been a bone of contention and at the same time it does show a sort of inclusive outlook in terms of not leaving out any kind of person from this representational enterprise. This goes on to talk about queens, courtesans, artisans under special circumstances and if the occasion demands may also speak Sanskrit. For example, and this is rather interesting that for the queen she is allowed to speak Sanskrit. Why? Because the queen may have to know matters connected with war and peace with the movements of planets and stars or cries of birds for booding good or evil results. So, she must speak Sanskrit. I found it very interesting that what is expected of the queen is that she would know about power politics, but she would also be scientifically aware, she would be aware of the movements of planets and stars, but also ecologically connected and also very intuitive in terms of sense of good or evil that sort of would emerge in any situation. If I were you I would pick up this sentence and try and figure out if I could write a play imagining such a possibility. Well, Bharat Muni went on to talk about ten varieties of plays and what we have done here is not to really talk about the ten kinds of plays, but only pick up two that is Natak and Vaan. Natak because we feel that it has all the propensities of portraying conflict and also the sort of ups and downs, the upheavals within the text in terms of characters and how they are transformed and Vaan because Vaan is a monologic form. So, let us see how we can you know make sense of this material, so that is why as I pointed out that although on the one hand we are looking at this text from Bharat Muni mainly in order to understand what the practice of that historical period, but we are also interested in extrapolating and also interested in understanding how at different points in time Indian theatre practitioners as well as western theatre practitioners have taken their inspiration from the ideas contained in Bharat Muni's Natashastra. So of course as I said we are not looking at all the ten varieties, we are only looking at Natak and Vaan and I have mentioned ten to forty seven because in this edition that we are using they pointed out how in these lines Bharat Muni has explained what Natak is all about. So it is kind of almost in a prescriptive mode, but the characteristics of Natak have been described and similarly Vaan has been described. Now one way of dealing with this we thought was to not really look at the text from Bharat Muni, but actually look at a great example of Natak from that time and that is Kalidas' Shakuntalam. Of course this picture that we have chosen for you we do feel that you know this does not perhaps fully imagine Kalidas and there are of course lots and lots of images of Kavikalidas that begin to crop up in one's consciousness based on either you know cinematic representation or paintings one may have seen. But I think more needs to be done on this because we could not quite find something that really gripped our attention the way the iconic pictures of Kabir earlier had gripped our attention and they completely represent the poet's world. I am not so sure but so what we have done is to use Shakuntalam and also share the features of Natak in that process. What are the features of Natak and therefore what is the relevance of this form and how have modern practitioners been inspired and influenced by this form in general and what are the responses to this text in particular. So now Shakuntalam when it is translated it reads like a different text in different translation. This particular translation that we have used and it is not that we evaluated every translation and decided on this particular translation it just so happens that I have always been exposed to this particular translation by Arthur Ryder. So this is one that translates the title as of Shakuntala recognized by a token. In other translations it is the ring which is mentioned. This particular play if you look at the illustration the second illustration this is from Raja Ravi Verma and his famous painting of Shakuntala again this is a sort of almost an iconic scene but what is really very interesting about this form of drama is the fact that although there is a central conflict there is also a sense of you know I would say rise and fall in the destiny of the characters but at the same time it also revolves around the idea of a mood or a rasa which is dominant. In Shakuntalam is Sringarras which is dominant and also Viraha is also part of this you know the mood that is created. So the mood is created partly of course through the theme but also there are songs the interpretive songs that are constantly you know generated by the playwright. The story of Shakuntala is from the Mahabharat and Kalidas actually sort of had a different take on the story. The story briefly is about Shakuntala who lived in a hermitage and how Dushan the king went there and he was attracted by her and so this first part the first portrayal that is before you it deals with Shakuntala and her friends who are totally immersed in the landscape of the hermitage. So she is projected almost like nature's child and so let us see what else in terms of the pictures first and then I will maybe read few lines from the text. The second picture before you is that of Shakuntala who after she falls in love with Dushyant and they actually have a Gandharva Viva that means sort of contract between the two individuals to remain married he goes back to his court and meanwhile Shakuntala has been cursed that you know she would not the person she is married to would forget her. And so you know by the time she goes to the court and you know tell Dushyant that she is going to have a child Dushyant has forgotten her. So this particular painting it shows the mood the mood of Viraha in Shakuntala what I think may be useful is to notice that plays of this variety when they were presented at that time they also had sort of device by which you know or not device but the convention that it had to start with a benediction. So it starts with a prayer for the well being of the audience which is what Shakuntala also starts with and it also shows the conversations between the stage director actress and director in this text. And I again the reason I want to foreground this very briefly is because this device shows a very different outlook towards theatre there is no attempt to create the illusion of reality in the way modern western realistic drama try to create an illusion of reality. So you had to suspend your disbelief and then you went to see drama here the story is already quite well known based on the epic which was also part of the oral tradition. So people the audience were at that time very very well versed with the story of Shakuntala and Dushyant and a variation that they had heard or may have heard at that time through oral narratives and so there was no great suspense about the story. And in addition then there is this playful banter between the people involved in producing this play and I would actually like to read it from the point of view of the actress here because I notice in this you know defined as a prologue that the actress is very keen on sort of satisfying whatever the stage director and the director asks her to. And so this is how it starts after the prayer he says madam if you are ready pray come here enter an actress and she says here I am sir what am I to do and he says our audience is very discriminating and we have to offer them a play called Shakuntala and the ring of recognition written by the famous Kalidas every member of the cast must be on his metal and then he says she says what do you want me to do and he says you must sing something to please the ears of the audience. So starts with a song about the season of spring which sort of brings in new life and so on and so forth. And so it starts with a song and then again there is a bit of a banter between these. Now this may seem innocuous to you if you are not familiar with theatre traditions or it may seem innocuous if you are familiar with this tradition both ways but actually this has had profound impact on many many theatre practitioners in India and the west because this whole idea of beginning to talk to the audience I think that has enchanted playwrights quite a bit because it breaks certain barriers it sort of also includes the audience directly in the world view of the writer the sense of what is being explored they become you know closer there is a closer bond between all the sides so to say. So this is how the play begins and we will talk about this format later on and so please take note of this convention of prayer followed by a banter between the directors actors the sutradhar is there many times and so on and so forth. The only two small parts that have been you know identified for sharing with you one is in act one and I think this particular scene is depicted in the Raja Ravi Burma painting also the first one with Shakuntala and her friends and you also see another woman a woman monk in the background that contrast is also very interesting but I think this is the line that unfolds in that hermitage where actually already the friends are talking to each other and it is shown that Shakuntala has very you know intimate sense of connection with every plant every bird every animal every human being in that hermitage. So she is very deeply connected child of that hermitage and you know she talks to Priyambada her friend and preceding the lines that I have selected Shakuntala says and I again this will really evoke a lot of sort of I think aesthetic pleasure if you read it in the original but here she says in translation oh girls that mango tree is trying to tell me something with his branches that move in the wind like fingers I must go and see him and she does so and Priyambada her friend says there Shakuntala stand right where you are a minute and Shakuntala says why Priyambada when I see you there it looks as if a wine were clinging to the mango tree and Shakuntala says I see why they call you the flatterer and the king whose eavesdropping he says but the flattery is true and the lines that I have chosen here from act one they actually are uttered by Dushyant who has come to the hermitage while he is on a hunt and he chances on this hermitage and then he eavesdrops and he says her arms are tender shoots her lips are blossoms red and warm bewitching youth begins to flower in beauty on her form so this first part is you know these lines they are seen from the sort of male gaze of King Dushyant and I like to contrast it with the voice of Shakuntala in the fifth act where actually Dushyant refuses to recognize Shakuntala and so I think it has a particular title it is called Shakuntala's rejection a very harsh term and a harsh experience for Shakuntala where the king after he listens to this claim that she is a wife you know he has forgotten this and these are the lines that I would like to read to you to project Shakuntala's agony again think of the second painting and this is the kind of situation perhaps which will help you understand the emotions on the face of Shakuntala and her friends. Act 5 Shakuntala's rejection and the king listening with anxious suspicion what is this insinuation and Shakuntala to herself it is very interesting to note that this device of talking to herself has been used very extensively in this particular act where she is almost voiceless she is almost heavy with the child and with grief she is burdened she is highly burdened because there is the sense of uncertainty as to what would happen to her. But when she confronts the situation and Dushyant rejects her completely this is what she says to herself oh oh so hearty and so slanderous and I the reason again I think this is interesting is because on the one hand one can see that in a Nartak the king is the protagonist and it is the action of the king which is given you know precedence over the action of other characters although the play is called Shakuntala. So I think Kalidas was interested in foregrounding Shakuntala but he also was really you know it is not clear whether he was looking at her as a victim or he was also trying to see the kind of grief that she suffered. I think it allows the text allows for complex reading and in that sense what Shakuntala says to herself becomes very important because she does not lose her personhood at all and so she is sort of angry and she says what how so hearty and so slanderous and then later on the king as he listens to her outburst he begins to feel admiration for her so he does not remember because of the curse now of course the curse does it show that this was an external reason because of which Tushant forgot her or was it because of arrogance of power which allowed him to play with the lives of people that is not clear but also it is subject to one's interpretation but at the same time he begins to feel admiration for her because this is what he says now to himself and the reason he says this to himself is because publicly he is already taken a stance that she does not belong to him and he has no connection with Shakuntala. So now he says to himself but her anger is free from cockatry because she has lived in the forest see so again this living in the forest is associated with the state of innocence where the person is not corrupted by the manipulations of the city life the court life in particular and therefore you know he sort of is greatly attracted by this honesty that he can sense in her outpouring because you know there is absolutely comes from her soul and heart now Shakuntala says well well I had my way I trusted a king and put myself in his hands he had a honey face and a heart of stone so really very strong contrasting image and then she breaks down she covers her face with a dress and weeps later on in this scene it is again a very very interesting situation where you know you instead of you know the Sita like situation where the earth opens and Sita sort of decides to go back to the earth earth mother here Shakuntala is actually lifted by an aerial figure and in that sense again this is you know a very mythological kind of situation but it also suggests to everybody who is present there that Shakuntala is an honest woman what she is saying is truth and it is not an act of manipulation at all and this is on page 61 when they they you know the voices behind the scenes are crying out and saying a miracle a miracle and the king is listening what does this mean and the chaplain says your majesty a wonderful thing has happened and he says what when converse pupils had departed she tossed her arms bemoaned her plight accused her crushing fate and then the king says and the chaplain says before our eyes a heavenly light in women's form but shining bright seized her and vanished straight all betray astonishment. So you know again these plays these mythic or mythological portrayals they allow for a fresh way of interpretation of these weighty themes because the iconic plays and the characters and the situations of conflict that are portrayed they have become part of our national imagination we will talk about that a little later. So this is the great Kalidas who also I think whose play represents Natak at its best Prachikadikam by Shudrak is another play that later on we will talk about but at this point let us shift to the Bhan because that is another variety of drama and I sort of we feel particularly gripped by it from the perspective of this course on creativity and creative writing because in our attempt to teach plot and character we are also trying to sort of find out writing exercises for students who have started taking writing work seriously to figure out how you know they can locate their sense of selfhood while undertaking initial stages of writing in a somewhat self-conscious manner we do feel that the efficacy of monologue as a preliminary writing exercise is I think fairly well established from our point of view and of course solidock we an aside also within a play are forms of that you know are other forms of internal monologues that we are also equally interested in but what Bhan does is to really locate the presence of monologue as a full fleshed artistic form and therefore let us look at what Bharat Muni had to say about Bhan because if he gave it the status of a full fleshed form what does it contain that has been the question that for the last one month or so we been pursuing I think little longer than that. So Bhan is to be he says acted by one person in one act it shall include many or various episodes and plenty of movements it can be autobiographical or it can be fictional very interesting from the point of view of writing exercises because in the early stages of writing this difference between the autobiographical and the fictional is very very hard to sustain for many of the students. So then it is described this quality of fictionality when it refers to the acts of another person the actor on the stage must carry on a dialogue with the other one by Akash Bhashita speaking face up with one who is of the stage. So it is like it is a monologue but there is an imagined person that the protagonist could be talking to that is one form the other is purely autobiographical in that sense is close to the solidock we but the solidock we you know comes in sporadically whereas here the focus would be completely on a single point of view. So I think more than this at this point in time we will not be able to say about Bhan as an art form because we have been trying to locate examples and Shudra along with Mrich Katikam had published a Bhan and you know when we were sort of locate trying to locate Bhan we were very lucky to have the help of professor Ram Subramanian who finally put us in touch with a very eminent scholar of Sanskrit from Bangalore Dr. Ganesh and Dr. Ganesh has helped us locate a text that was published in 1960 with four Bhan's there. So what we decided is that you know since we really hadn't read any of these Bhan's ourselves although we think that it has great potential as an art form and also it has significance for creative writing courses where students are struggling with this notion of the self and the other in variety of ways I think we would still try and explore these examples but Dr. Ganesh Ashta Badhani he gave us some sense of what it is all about. We had posed these questions to him yesterday when we were able to get in touch with him and you know these are the questions that he tried to help us understand. We won't report everything here except to say that you know I think talking to him was wonderful because he took our questions very seriously and he will help us locate these four Bhan's. So the question that we had were related to the fact of this issue of language. If this is a standalone piece was it in Sanskrit or Prakrith that was one question. The other question was related to the character type because according to Bharat Muni it projected either a rogue or a gallant. So my question to him yesterday was related to the difference between the characters in Abhan and Vidushak for example from Sanskrit drama who always subverts the main plot who also is seen as a lower character but he also has a sharp satirical gaze and I think his response was that this is slightly different and also these are sort of perhaps meant for refined audience and therefore the character spoke a mix of Sanskrit and Prakrith and especially in the fictional form if they were talking to somebody who was in the category where the Prakrith had to be spoken then Prakrith was used by this character and in other words there is greater degree of sophistication in the way the characters are projected these are not just reactive. Vidushak is a reactive figure that is the way I figured it out and in that sense he reacts to the you know fallible nature of the powerful figures around him. What happens actually even in Shakuntalam that the fishermen who actually catch fish which contains the ring of Shakuntala they also have fairly cutting things to say about the upper classes. So that is why you know I think it allows for complexing but here in this case another issue that sort of I really want to resolve is in terms of the democratic space which is used by the character and by the writer in this format. So a writer like Shudrakh why did he feel compelled to write Han. Finally does it allow for introspection this form does it allow for introspection by the protagonist. So then these are the questions that we pose to Dr. Ganesh Ashtavadhani but I think we will also wait to read and maybe talk to him again and report back to you when we find the material. What we have been trying to do when we look back at the great ancient forms which have actually triggered the discourses within each culture of what constitutes representational forms. We are really looking at the interacting continuum of the classical, the folk and the modern because all of these we have already talked about it at length earlier there is such a sense of connection and in that sense what I would like to sort of point out to you again is the fact that you know this continuum also contains seeds of creativity. Our earlier preoccupation with diversity of languages and aesthetic forms we have mentioned they you know we look at it seriously because these animate the Indian imagination and for a creative outlook even if let us say everything does not work out for you when you read it but for a creative outlook I think that it is need for alertness towards our own complex cross currents and to just give you some idea about what a tremendous sense of flow this is all about it may be useful to talk about the hybridity of the Masha a performative form in Maharashtra which draws from Bhan you know so it sort of draws directly from Bhan which we have been talking about as a monologic form but what it has done is to add also some other forms so the hybridity is consists of a combination of Bhan, Prehessen, Kathak, the Shavatar etc to create new mode of public presentation and we would like to show a short clip from Ram Joshi one of the great performers of Tamasha in order to give you a sense of the form today or you know in recent years how it developed but we also would like to mention that it has been pointed out by important scholars that the Sanskrit theater declined in 1000 AD and it led to the rise of folk forms and what the trajectory of Bhan shows is a movement from classical to folk and that's why we are placing Tamasha before you and in according to some scholars Tamasha developed among the Maratha people in the 16th century from the decaying remnants of the literary Sanskrit dramatic and linguistic traditions these remnants in particular included two entertainment forms one act skits and musical sketches by now Bhan has become musical sketch other notable observation regarding Bhan and his transformation in Tamasha as musical sketches has been made by Tabia Abraham in her article the folk popular traditions where it has been pointed out that the oldest known example dates from the end of the 14th century but the form goes back at least to the classical period and possibly even to an earlier tradition of mimes from the pre classical era this is of course with reference to Tamasha and his connection to these multiple other forms specially Bhan and it is suggested that some aspects of it go back to even pre classical era and the traditional mimes that's really absolutely fascinating journey backwards what we would suggest to you is to imagine the past by bringing alive the spirit and aesthetic innovations practiced by Bhan artists or pre classical mime artists. So, if only you know this could be an act of imagination now this particular kind of activity may require in-depth research but I think research as you know is an integral part of a writer's vocation. So, if something grips you or form grips you and you feel that for the kind of you know issue or experience you want to articulate these forms will really take you to your destination then I think you may require some effort in that direction there is this very interesting case in this frame of reference that one can mention is which is that of Girish Karnat who wanted to write in English and when he first as a young person began to write the mythic themes gripped his attention to such an extent and Kannada his mother tongue gripped his imagination his subconscious layers of creativity in such a way that finally he wrote Yayati in Kannada. So, you know its writing is a process of discovery and just about anything is possible but you can take this journey to the mythic sources also. We have the works cited listed for you we hope that you would be able to read some of this writing and we also hope that you would really be able to find your own destiny as a writer. Thank you very much.