257 Weekly is going to be a very, very big area. Now, if this starts to break, right, you can see this rising support here, or demand, right? If any close below the 257 on the Qs, then you got something to talk about. Welcome to Access a Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Happy home day, everybody. Welcome to another edition of the Access a Trader dot com nightly update show. Hope everybody is having a good training session. Hopefully everybody had a good day. Really good action, macro wise. Again, we are in a little bit of trouble. Again, when I say we, the stock market in general, let's talk about that in a second. So I think when you're in a very, very specific market like this, in a very fluid market like this, that you're getting a lot of headlines, not only from the CDC, obviously, with the COVID situation, we're getting a lot of headlines also with the Fed. It's very, very easy to kind of get caught up in the previous headlines, right? The Fed, it's stimulus, stimulus, stimulus. The market will never go down. Again, the market will never go down until the market goes down. And we've really enjoyed two and a half years now of a really solid, aggressive bull market. Okay, we've seen some obviously dramatic drops because again, nothing goes straight up and nothing goes straight down. Again, and this is not kind of a preview of what I think is gonna happen. Again, I'm looking at this tape on a day-to-day basis, whether it's a macro or a micro, I look at it literally on a day-to-day basis. I'm not in the predicting basis of business. I don't know where things are gonna go, okay? When something looks good, things could turn on a dime. When something looks bad, things could turn on a dime. So I'm not that smart. However, I've come to the realization a long time ago there's only certain things you can control. Number one, you can control your overnight exposure. Well, it basically means you don't need to have any overnight exposure. And you could control your opinion until that opinion becomes conformational facts. And that's kind of what we got going for us. Every single day, and you hear me talking about stocks trading from supply to supply, demand to demand, these are areas of where emotional buyers meet technical sellers that have supply and obviously emotional sellers meaning technical buyers that has demand. And stocks usually trade pretty orally within these channels. So today was kind of a big day. What I liked about going back into yesterday's session was that the cues, if you guys remember in the last night's video, the cues started rejecting off the five day moving average and they fought back into the close, close up the highs with setting up a pretty good premium update at least in the first part of the day. So when we got a down open today, that was perfect. That's exactly what we wanted to see. Any single time you get that strong of a confirmation reclaiming the five day moving average, you're always going to have the benefit of the doubt. So if you look what my opening notes were, and this is the private Twitter feed, I go, this is a perfect open for us, right? Absolutely perfect. A light volume open to the downside.  You know, maybe early shorts can get trapped and we can get some really good value for the upside. If you noticed, it was all upside pivots today. Like literally all upside pivots, except for one, we'll talk about Tesla in a second, but I really wanted to give the bulls the benefit of the doubt because again, you want to make sure that the end game is either rejection off of a major moving average or supply, okay? Or reclaiming that area and started building up. So I really wanted to see what happened. So we got the open, okay? Really aggressive open. Probably one of the most aggressive opens I can remember. The video was really, really good. I caught in the video, I caught DDOG. Facebook was a monster. Twitter was a monster. And then the market started going a little bit lower. And again, that's not what you, you know, that's not going to put any red signals, right? There's not, no bells are gonna go off because again, the market goes up and the market goes down. The problem was we lost the five day moving average very, very quickly. Again, for all you guys who are joining us the first time, the five day moving average is the shortest term sentiment, okay? It's, there's nothing shorter term. At least for me, that signals where the next move macro is going to go. And we knew today, we started, again, if you've been watching these videos, again, stocks need to reclaim levels. So yesterday we got rejected at the 50 day. Today, we attempted the rally, got rejected at the 50 day again, lost the 10, lost the five.  Everybody's going crazy. Again, it's not that deep, okay? If you believe in technical analysis and just have just a little bit of a common sense guideline of over under where these technical levels are, again, we're not trying to be right. We're just trying to be prepared. So when those levels get reclaimed, stocks are going to go higher. When those levels obviously start to breach and start to confirm down, they're going to go lower. And if you just take a step back and really look at the cues now, just really take a step back. I just want to kind of make this a little bit bigger so you guys can see. You can see now very, very clearly where the market keeps on getting rejected, right? Here it got rejected at the five, here it got rejected at the 10, here it got rejected at the 50. And again, if you are the most novice trader and just really starting to be kind of new and exposed to technical analysis, it's pretty basic. This is all known as lower highs. Here's a high, here's a lower high, here's a lower high, here's a lower high. And again, not to say that the market now is going to go straight down in a bubble, but that's where the bias is, or excuse me, a straight line, but that's obvious where the bias is, okay? And any single rally until it starts to reclaim macro numbers, you shouldn't be looking for breakouts. First of all, there are no breakouts in a sell bias market. Again, I don't want to call it a bear market. This isn't, you know, this is as far from a bear market. Until this market becomes bear, if you look at the weekly, okay? If you look at the weekly trend line, 257 weekly is going to be a very, very big area. Now, if this starts to break, right? You can see this rising support here, or demand, right? If any close below the 257 on the cues, then you got something to talk about. Then if you want to use the word bear bias, bear tape, bear market, okay? You can use those words then, but until we break this longer term trend, this is the weekly charts going all the way back, you know, all the way back to March, right? That's where obviously the whole COVID started. Then until that happens, again, you could be sell bias, which obviously I am now, but until we start losing this 257 on a close on the cues, then we start talking about really, really aggressive potential levels. And again, you don't need to be, like I said, you know, an experienced chart, you have eyeballs, right? And again, if you believe stocks trade from supply to supply and demand to demand, well, here's demand 257, just to want to give you an idea of what can happen next, right? See this 233, again, one go down in a straight line, but that is your always measure potential. So again, I'm not trying to freak anybody out. Again, for all you guys are watching this broadcast for a long time, you guys know, I'm not a bull, I'm not a bear, I trade both sides of the market. Yesterday it was very, very bullish. Today in the morning I was very, very bullish. And now if you look at the close, right? Okay, that's the whole point. If you look at the close, we breached, right? We breached the trend line that we reclaimed a couple of days ago. So again, that's not good. Okay, and again, you could turn around, you could be a baby about this, and you say, no Dan, we're in a bull market, buy the dip. Okay, you could buy the dip, right? Again, everybody's an adult, everybody has free reigns over their own capital, everybody could do what they want. But again, when you look at a close that again, breached technical damage off this trend line, again, could we gap down tomorrow and reclaim this level and rally back? Of course, anything is possible. This is a stock market. That's why again, you're not trained to be a bull, you're not trained to be a bear, you're trained to be an opportunist, an open-minded thinking responsible in adults.  Well, again, you don't fight the trend, you go with the trend. So it's very, very kind of important to understand. Even if you are a permeable or a long-biased investor, a long-biased trader, again, again, my job is not to freak you out. My job is just to really give you a point of view from 20 plus years of doing this of what potentially could happen.  Well, how could somebody have predicted this happened? I'm telling you, this is technical analysis. Usually, technical analysis is pretty on point of what potentially could have next. So you can make the proper measures, whether it's hedging your portfolio with the cues, with the spies, with any instrument that you can diversify and hedging your portfolio, that's fine. If you are an intraday trader, again, don't start looking for breakouts, breakouts don't happen with technical damage across just because the stock goes up, doesn't mean the stock will stay up. There's gonna be a lot more value to the downside until, again, really very specific levels will be reclaimed again. So again, for example, the cues, if the cues, if the bulls need to survive or are going to survive tomorrow, they're going to need to reclaim back this 265 level. And if they don't reclaim this 265 level, well, here's 261 and here's the 257 that we just talked about on the weekly view. So it's very, very important that the bulls come to play tomorrow. Unfortunately, I hate to say this, I am, you know, if all you guys who are gonna be receiving this email, you know, we're 100% sell buys for tomorrow, until we get something very, very unusual that's coming out of a range to the upside. Again, I have no problems trading the upside tomorrow, but again, it's gonna be more for very, very quick cashflow, nothing more than a rental, nothing more than a kind of a peck on the cheek. Again, when you go through charts and I talk about this every night, okay, again, make it your business, even if you are a trader of six months, a year, a year and a half, two years, make it your business to go through charts. It doesn't take a long time. There's only 100 members of the QQQs. There's only 30 Dow stocks to go through the S&P 500. How long is it gonna take you? 15 minutes, right? So it doesn't really take a big commitment to kind of get a really good grasp of what's going on and what's happening and what potentially could happen. So again, it's not for you to be right. It's for you to take necessary steps to either really try to take away as much exposure. Again, especially if you are holding inventory, but again, put yourself in the right frame of mind of what potentially could happen next. Again, everybody loves a bull market. I love a bull market as much as everybody, but again, everybody knows stocks, stakes, stairs up, right? Elevator down. Again, at least a very, very aggressive morning session. The only short that we had on the pivot fee was obviously Tesla. Battery day came, battery day went, okay. And again, that was the whole point. That was my whole point a couple of days is when I was talking about a battery day. When everybody in retail is talking about, this is the day. I can't wait for this day. I can't wait for this day. I can't wait for this day. Just remember, the pawns on the chessboard, right? They're always the ones who get destroyed first, always get eaten first. And again, when retail all goes in one direction, especially knowing that there's an obvious play that's about to happen. Again, you kind of saw what happened. And again, it's not the point of hindsight is 2020. We talked about what happened in Apple, right? The Apple day, they sold that into news. And as we talked about a couple of days ago, it's not me hating or liking Tesla. I love Tesla, right? I love it. I love it to the long side. I love it to the short side. It's more of what happens when a market has a really, really incredible two, two and a half year run. Stocks have an incredible run going into an event. And usually, unless there's something earth shattering, groundbreaking, again, unfortunately, the market will show you exactly which way is next. So pretty aggressive day, right? Pretty aggressive day. Again, we are definitely sell biased into tomorrow's session. We'll see what happens, okay? If the market somehow gaps up and goes higher, great. But I would love to see a gap up because, again, what I'm looking for tomorrow is a gap up into supply. And if stocks get rejected into supply and start really confirming today's channels, you should get a big move down. But again, I don't care if I'm right. I don't care if I'm wrong. We're wrong all the time.  Our opinions, again, don't matter. We're just trying to be prepared for the worst case scenario or the best case scenario and make sure we do our research properly with an open mind going into every single trading day. So let's talk about today's session. Again, we got the perfect open. I was definitely long biased at the open. Really good moves. Really, really good exceptional moves today at the open. Again, this is perfect open. Now let's see what confirms. Good morning. Crowd, again, not a big move, but again, you can see the long biased names. They made their moves. Some of them went up a couple of dollars. Some of them went really, really nuts. But the more moral of the story is stocks definitely got tired and everything got pulled. So here was crowd, 143 needs to build. It was a nice pivot on crowd yesterday. Again, not a huge move, right? So here's the 143, went to 144, and then the market pulled, right? Nothing you could do there. Nothing you could do there. TDOC got this to 17 level and failed. CRM never got to the 249 level. I still like this level, but again, stock is $13 below. I traded in the video. Nice move in the video, 506 needs to build. Here is the area in the video that I really liked. We talked about this in yesterday's channel. So here's the whole 506 area. You can see how many times it got literally rejected to 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506, 506. Right, on and on and on. So it took out 506. Nice spike. Nice spike, almost went to the 510 area. So really good move on the video. Really good aggressive cash flow.  So here's DDOG. Oops, excuse me. DDOG, so here's DDOG off this channel right here. This 93, 75, 94, right?  You know, nice pop into the 95 area. So that was pretty good as well. Again, everything got pulled. So don't think there was a monster moves. Facebook, we talked about Facebook last night in the video. Nice move on Facebook, 255, 50 needs to build. So here was Facebook, right? Here's the 255, 50, right? Here's the 255, 50 needs to build one right to supply to 258. Again, nice move on that. Walmart never confirmed this 139.20. Twitter was really a monster move today. Twitter got upgraded this morning. You know, we said like 44, 44, 20 needs to build. It got upgraded. Here was Twitter, just really exploded. Big move. There was a lot of really aggressive call buying coming in on Twitter very, very fast. They were coming for the 46, the 47s, the 50s, the 55s. So here's the 44, 44, 20 move. You can see one almost to 47. Again, congratulations to all you guys who caught that as well. Facebook, take on the way up. Twitter, take on the way up on the video, perfect. Again, fantastic pushes out of the gate. Now let's see what happens, right? Let's see what happens. Stay patient. And again, here was our only, obviously 159 never got there. So here was Tesla, battery day came in well. This was last night's low, 395 major support. Held several times if it builds below can flush. Obviously experienced traders, not every single trade is for everybody. And you know, Tesla got murdered, right? Tesla got really hit hard again. My apologies, I feel like I do this every single night. But again, e-signal hasn't, you know, it really hasn't helped things out. So here was the 39, excuse me, here was the 395 level right here. This whole 395 level and it cracked and it's, you know, went all the way down to the 360s, which is a very important level just because the 362 level for tomorrow will be the 50 day moving average. So if it opens there and the bulls, you know, if the bulls defend that level at first, it might be kind of a cute little spot to kind of try and remount a trade to the long side off the 362.  Obviously any close below 362 opens up a whole, you know, different can of worms. And then we start talking about really, really aggressive levels to this 330 low from September the 8th. So again, we're not trying to control the market. We're not trying to freak anybody out. Again, guys, new traders just understand stocks go up, stocks go down. You're gonna see tons of this throughout your career. The most important thing is again, just act like an adult. And nobody cares about any whiny babies. No, then the market will never go down. Okay, that's cool. But the most important part is just again, I understand all jokes aside, gravity's real. The stock market takes, doesn't care which way you wanna go. If you're wrong on your bias, and if you're wrong technically on your bias, you're gonna be very, very aggressively wrong. And that's the truth. So guys, have a great night everybody. We'll get a great game plan for tomorrow. And God's help, I'll see you all tomorrow in the field. Take care.


Hey there friends. Thanks for checking in. Today we're looking at Springfield Armory's newest handgun. And you may say I already know what it is. It's that new TRP. You know the one with the new G10 grips, Saraco nice color schemes, a little different cut in the trigger. That's what it is. The new TRP. They have a couple different models. Go about two grand. I've got the original TRP. I love this 1911. It is so refined. Such a nice looking and shooting 1911 with night sights. The accurate as can be. They now call this the classic TRP tactical response pistol. But what's in this box is not the new TRP. This was actually introduced the first day of shot show. So about a week prior to shot, they introduced the new TRP. Now they're offering and well introducing this and offering it. So what are we talking about? This goes half the price, less than half the price of the two grand price tag for the new TRP. And here we have a new offering from Springfield Armory called the 1911 Garrison commander size with the four and a quarter inch barrel. Now I have the 1911 government size and nine millimeter. And one of the things I noticed right away, if you look at the grip here, it's got a wood grain. That's a true wood grip. So is this, but this is not grained wood. I think this gives it a little more classy look. Both these are stainless. And I mentioned that it's a bit cheaper, 917 for the stainless model garrisons. And if you go with the blued model, this exact handgun, the NSRP is 868 for the blued model. But there are people that would choose a four and a quarter inch commander size because they carry 1911. I hear that often. I also hear people say, I want to carry 45 ACP. And I don't want to pay over a grand. Well, this would be the Springfield Armory 1911 that you would go with comes with one seventh round Meg. It is stainless, a shine on the side of the slide, matte finish, silver finish on the top strap. We can see on the dust cover here, that's Matt, the frame is Matt. It does have a smooth front strap 20 lamp per inch flat main spring housing. And that 1911 trigger that is just so amazing. This one's breaking right around four and a half pounds. Love the 1911 trigger and I think that grip looks super cool. It has ramped up Novak style rear sight dependent front dot it is three dot right and it does have a thumb safety on the left side of the pistol uses a GI style guide rod fully ramped barrel. And it's a 70 series. So you have a nice smooth trigger without the additional process with a firing pin safety. You wouldn't notice it's an additional process, but it is. So they call that the 80s series. This is a 70 series. But I think it looks super cool. I think it is one of well, I know it's one of Springfield's most budget handguns. Well, 1911's I should say, but I took it to the range, thoroughly impressed love love Springfield's 1911's they they do such a nice job. You know, you think about the the TRP that I mentioned, and then all the nine millimeters that they have this is the garrison and many others the Ronin EMP comes to mind. But here we have the newest release a 45 and this is available in nine millimeter in commander size for the same MSRP with the stainless model 917. So let's head out to the range and we could check out how well it performs. Here we have Fioki hyper performance XTP 230 grain hollow points. No problem. As you can see the 1911 garrison performed great. Really enjoyed it. It has a much heavier recoil spring compared to the nine millimeter model. And we'll do a quick size comparison at least the length of the slide okay four and a quarter inch five inch barrel. That's what you're looking at. And that's why people would choose to carry the four and a quarter inch commander size 1911. Many people would choose to carry 45 ACP I'm serious. I hear a lot of people say that I don't even mess around with nine millimeter forget that 40 I'm going with 45 ACP and for those who do carry you saw me fire this Fioki hyper performance XTP jacketed hollow points worked without any issue at all in the 1911 garrison. I love shooting 1911s. I love everything about them and this one certainly makes a nice addition to the collection and I dig 45 ACPs and this one certainly got the job done. If you like videos like this please subscribe and share. I always appreciate thumbs up button. Thanks for watching and you guys be safe.


So, it looks time to start, right? Everyone can hear me. I have the phone unplugged. I got the horse right here. His name is Paul Revere. Okay. First off, I want to talk about a little bit of biochemistry. People probably know about amino acids pretty well. Amino acids are pretty simple molecules with what's called the alpha carbon and attached to it is an amine or a nitrogen group and a carboxyl group and then a side chain. And unless the side chain is an H, you have four distinct bonds. These are covalent bonds, of course. The shared electronegativity by the way Pauling defined it. If you put your four fingers down on each hand and put your two hands together, you can touch your four fingertips together with corresponding fingers. If you try to lay your hand over your other hand, it won't work.  Your left hand and your right hand are geometrically distinct. Now, if you imagine this, you can take a glove on your right hand and turn it inside out.  You can just see it if you look at it. So anyway, if you put pure crystal, the geometrical enatomer or isomer into a solution and put polarized light through it, it will rotate the light in a certain direction. You can put the other symmetrically mirror image molecule, which is structurally identical except for the geometry. Orientation of the geometry being like an inverse tetrahedron. Then you'll get rotation in the opposite direction. Louis Pasteur discovered this. He had tartaric acid and it had crystallized. He was very observant and noticed that the crystals were opposite. Some of the crystals were one way and some another. He painstakingly separated them out and put them in solution and figured this out. I have a cat crying in the background. I don't know if you can hear it. Anyway, amino acids are quite important in life. You spend a lot of your time seeking them in your diet and you have 10 essential amino acids. The ones that we're going to be particularly interested in, you can classify them in different ways. We're going to be looking at aromatic and they're pretty hydrophobic, meaning they don't like water. They're more lipophilic or fat soluble and phenylalanine tryptophanes is interesting. It's precursor for serotonin and then tyrosine, which is not an essential amino acid but will be of interest. I wanted to introduce this way. Tyrosine has made me everything I am today. You, too. You couldn't live without it. It's phenylalanine. Let's start with that. It's in all kinds of things that are rich in protein. You can always get it from aspartame, aspartame, aspartame. It's called this commercial sweetener, which is a dimer of phenylalanine and aspartic acid. In your body, your enzymes break, hydrolyze these, too. I have it drawn here with a little arrow on the phenylalanine and the aspartic acid. If you peel off a water molecule and stick that nitrogen directly to the carbon that oxygen is on on the aspartic acid, you'll get aspartame. I really should learn to pronounce these sweeteners. There are people that can't take this. There's this enzyme. Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid. You can't synthesize it. You need it for proteins, but you can hydroxylase it. Hydroxylize it within hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase. If you look at the molecule on the right, at the very bottom, and I guess the para position is an hydroxyl group, which renders it just a little more soluble in water, but it's still lipophilic, and both these pass the blood-brain barrier easily. Lipophilic molecules tend to pass through the blood-brain barrier pretty easily. But anyway, there are people that have a disease called phenylketonuria. It's a genetic disease where they do not have a functioning of phenylalanine hydroxylase. If that's not detected really at birth, early in development, then they will build up toxic levels of phenylalanine and have mental retardation and brain damage from it. In the United States, and the number of countries test for this at birth, many countries don't. Aspartame is one of the things that has to be avoided by people with phenylketonuria. So there's that. Now, I'm just showing here again that you have L-tyrosine being synthesized here from L-phenylalanine. I don't want to get too much into these reactions, but just to have it related in your mind, the tyrosine is really quite important in production of catecholamines and thyroid hormones and melanin. Melanin is kind of interesting. Of course, you think of it as skin pigmentation, but you also have it in the central nervous system in a few places. And these aromatic molecules, like the phenyl group there on the tyrosine and the benzoyl group on the phenylalanine, they have what are called pi bonds. And because the resonation, you know, the molecules that can smear the distribution of the electrons that are shared over more configurations tend to be a little more stable. So these resonant molecules, aromatic molecules have resonance are very interesting. They absorb UV light. UV light is from 100 to 400 nanometers. And, you know, you think about UVA, UVB, UVC, I'll just tell you an easy way to remember it. If you think of like your four fingers, one to four, 100 to 400 nanometers. The UVA is the longest wavelength and therefore the lowest frequency and the lowest energy, it's the least damaging. And you absorb UVA and UVB quite well. Most of it gets blocked by the atmosphere, but think about 95% of UVA. But I think of UVA is like Newton, Newton's lifespan, Newton died at 84. 85 is the number, you remember from doing this, my memory here. 315 to 400 is UVA, 315 to 400 nanometers is UVA light. UVB is like Mozart 35 is when he died. Because the good die young, right? And especially the really smart ones and that's why I'm still alive. But let's see, 35 from 315 would be 280. I can do it faster than I can say it. So 280 nanometers to 315 is UVB and then UVC is below that and it's I think of it like a tortoise going from 100 to 180. So anyway, UV light is pretty significant in our existence. You think of all these aromatic resonating molecules that make up your code of life, the DNA. And the pigments essentially have a form, a shield against UV radiation that can damage your DNA. It's not perfect, but it's, you try going without it. I'll talk about that in a second. So anyway, this is an important molecule, this tyrosine. Nygro melanin was first noted in the 1930s and all these different species starts to occur after two to three years of age. And two places in the central nervous system, it's found substantia nigra, which is associated with Parkinson's when you get the parts compact to gets damaged. I just looked at in 1788 by unsurveiling and the locus ceruleus, which is not a dopamine site, but it's in the catecholamines. You know why catecholamines are called catecholamines? Catechol is a benzene with two adjacent hydroxyl groups on it. So catechol. So if you start to put on aliphatic chains with amides or nitrogen groups on them, they call them amines, catecholamines. So anyway, this isn't the slide I thought was going to be showing, but this is a very interesting point about neuro melanin. This is a little side journey here. But why would you have neuro melanin where the sun don't shine unless, you know, you're getting opened up? Basically, it's felt that it is possibly likely protective that it will give you protection against, like, I think it was periquette is one herbicide that's suspicious and its predecessor cyberquat cyberquat I think was, which was banned around 1975 in the United States. Was one of the toxins that could damage the substantia nigra. Neuro melanin is not the same as the myelin sheath. Myelin sheath there involves the surrounding of nerves by very flat cells that act as insulin and that act as insulators, not insulin. Keylation is, like, if you have a toxic metal, mercury, you put a keylating agent, which is something that bonds has two ionized groups on it that can grab the mercury atom on one end and the mercury atom on the other end and will tend then to go out the urinary track. Keylating agents like throwing somebody in with two hands a molecule in that has two hands that can grab the toxins and drag them out the urinary track. So, you know, in a word that's Yes, Phil, I think that's true. I think that there's a lot of Better living through chemistry that causes worse aging And So I'll let you Folks look at this on the PDF to go into it more. I just wanted to show a picture. One thing and you're thinking about the neural pathways that really came out in the 30s at the PAPAS Talking about neural circuits. Neural circuits, you have nuclei, which are lumps of cells That are basically gray matter. These cells look grayish and they have projections, which are fibers or groups of axons that Go to another nucleus or project to another site that they're going to modulate or influence and on it goes and there's from any one nucleus there's input and output and there are modulatory Inhibitory excitatory inputs And feedback and so you end up with loops that can be very complex but here this locus ceruleus has it if something kicks that on it kicks up the Norepinephrine release from the Peripheral nervous system and puts norepinephrine into sites in the cortex which is excitatory and Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and so it's coming from tyrosine which is related to Production of melanin so that's why you can have melanin neuro melanin showing up in the Locus ceruleus like substantia nigra. This is just a nice slide. It shows it's very well established pathways from tyrosine To L. Dopa to dopamine and norepinephrine and then epinephrine and Tyrosinase is a shoot off from tyrosine to produce Melon and I don't want to get off too much on melon and I just thought it was kind of interesting and it's a copper I know somebody out there likes Metal organo metal metallic bonds It's it's an interesting enzyme in that sense. It has copper in it as a cofactor But albinism can occur and at least 10% or so of the albinism is associated with Mutations in A familial based mutations rather than spontaneous mutations in the Lead to reduction of tyrosinase so that's another metabolic disease that can occur from based on genetics Now one of the interesting things to me is You know, you've got all your sugars and you're in Biochemistry just about our dextro. They have a dextro orientation in terms of endometrious and all your Amino acids are L. Levo and Why was that I don't know but there's a lot of interesting Speculation about it in literature and maybe someone here will get interested and do some deep research and ponder and Come up with some ideas as to refine why we have just L Orientation in our amino acids we couldn't use dextro amino acids and And dextro Oriented sugars Let's see someone if if the questions can be kept In the It's hard for me to talk and and look at private messages The rate limiting step Just like the rate limiting step to making Melanin is this tyrosinase rate limiting step is the Not the weak chain, but it's what determines the overall rate at which anything can be made, you know, if you got it's it's it's the It's the factory that causes the backup in the supply chain Or the shortage on the after this after the factory when you're waiting for deliveries So Tyros Tyrosin hydroxylase is the rate limiting step in Production of this chain of really important monoamines Like Eldopa and to epinephrine and Looking for markers associated with tyrosine hydroxylase is a good way to look for Monoamine neurotransmitting neurons in the central nervous system One of the things I'll mention by the way is in treatment of Parkinson's I'll talk about a little more Eldopa Can be given and that will perk them up for a time as long as they can utilize it because it depends on The having enough cells that can produce The dopamine from the Eldopa So It's it's one of the primary treatments for Parkinson's aside from and you know trying to put in new stem cells Okay I Talked too long. I'm sorry. I'm behind a little bit, but one of these things is not like the other Who can tell me is it left the Or right the over-the-counter Available ordinary commonly used medication or the One on the right which one is a controlled substance Anybody have any ideas? Okay, Phil thinks the natural stuff is left Well, it may not be natural. It's just at least it's just legal one of these is legal and the other one is Cooked in trailers Out in the desert Okay, boom I put pseudo pheron and kind of a rosy color there because it's a wussy Molecule nobody cares, right? It's Facetious and amphetamine and shaded red block letters This kind of Queenie out danger Yeah, it's a hydroxyl group, but it has to be a new right orientation of course But methamphetamine I've came across different statements about the original history of it the Amphetamines were discovered around 1888 or 87 I think and In 1919 or so Well, it's related to tyrosine But it really is comes from a fedron a fedron is a plant product I When I was on faculty at University of Pennsylvania I had a patient who bragged to me that her grandfather Had been she was older And her grandfather had gone to China and found Cooking meth is pretty simple chemistry compared to what chemistry really is It's anyway She come she bragged that her grandfather had brought a fedron back and popularized it He was he was basically the beginning of a fedron becoming used in the United States For Vasal constriction a fedron we used to spray a fedron Solution in the nasal cavity is common. I mean even now to Decongress the nose for examination Or if that with a little topical anesthesia if you're going to do Flexible fiber optic scope exam through nasal passage to look at the larynx or something So anyway a fedron Can be used to Make pseudo a fedron it's basically a sleight of hand by the chemical companies The difference between pseudo fedron and a fedron is It's an antimer you look at the orientation of the hydroxyl group there on the upper left It's toward you rather than away from you in a fedron and you can always look at this Benzo group Connected by a carbon there a carbon carbon to carbon bond as a It can rotate and it's planar. It's flat. That's a flat part of the molecule any rate The Pseudo fedron is chemically The number of month number of atoms is the same as a fedron. It's just the geometry is very slightly different and You take that off and add a methyl group You can make methamphetamine Okay, what happens with a normal Dopamine synapse I'm going to try to go through this without going real long First I wanted to talk a little bit about biochemistry and then about the synaptic level when I was in medical school so much of Neuro physiology was oriented towards synapses and axonal response the axon Nerve impulse and So Anyway, you have Down inside the Pre-synaptic Terminal you have tyrosine being converted to dopamine which is enclosed into double membrane vest vesicle and I think it's a vaso monoamine transport to is involved in Moving it to merge with the outer membrane to be released It's released into the synapse it stimulates Receptors on the post synaptic. I'm sorry I have a touch green and I waving my hand at it The post synaptic it's the purplish area and that kicks off a Response with depolarization down its axon in response to the dopamine and The dopamine and the synapse has to be dealt with some of its degraded by a monoamine oxidase the other is taken up by a dopamine transporter and DAT is the abbreviation you'll see and that gets taken back into the cell and the dopamine gets recycled and I guess on the right is just more about the Synthesis of dopamine from tyrosine. Oh, this is a synapse that's buggered up In a word what happens the principal thing that happens and similar for cocaine and meth amphetamine in Terms of blocking the DATs or dopamine transport molecules So they block both of those block trans reuptake of dopamine which serves to increase dopamine overstimulates the other cell the post synaptic cell and it gets stressed It gets oxidative stress and I Chronic damage can occur and in the Let's see I keep having notifications and stuff pop up in front of my screen the other thing that the meth does that the Cocaine does not do is it goes into the Pre-synaptic cell and causes more dopamine release and It tends to last longer than cocaine is what I understand although the half-life of in ingested Methamphetamine is Probably officially at three or four hours. I've read 12 hours and some sources So I'm not sure what to believe there But the effects seem to last longer than with cocaine and that goes for one of the things We'll talk about a psychosis that arises from use of methamphetamine that tends to last Longer than one would expect with something that gets cleared in three or four hours So one other thing that happens is the microglia which are supportive cells that look for Things that shouldn't be there they tend to get riled up and release cytokines and Damage cells and You do this for very long and you will start to kill off Or really severely damage the The synapse and the dopamine producing cells We'll talk about that a bit more as well but You do not want inflammation in your central nervous system if you want to keep thinking clearly into Whatever advanced years you're able to get Let's see I guess that's the main thing even get mitochondrial Stress here in the post-synaptic. I think that's kind of interesting. There's a lot more detail Endoplasmic reticulum stress a lot of oxidative species and highly reactive nitrogen species can occur that causes damage to Biochemical damage to the the cells so Speed is methamphetamine Speed has no cycle now speed that methamphetamine is this psychotropic drug and Sympathomimetic it acts like epinephrine to some degree Yeah, okay I Put the slide in basically to For anyone who wants to look at the PDF they can refer to it to Read about the points. I just made if they If anyone wishes That I sent out the note card and that is a link to the PDF for this talk I just posted right there So I'm gonna go on at this point, but yeah reactive oxygen species reactive nitrogen species occur mitochondrial Damage, which is really huge. I mean that's You need those guys Okay, let's go up above the cellular level to more of a system level talking about the brain and I thought it would be cool to talk about I guess McCain's Triune brain mech lean rather Triune brain which just reminded me so much of Star Trek and the Symbolic concepts of Star Trek. Yeah, that slide was for a barrigan this one, too. That's my McLean and Shatner's the only one living now But he rate He came out with this idea that you have the reptilian brain the limbic system and the neocortex You know the limbic system was what was called the rhombin Cephalon at the the Rhine and Cephalon Rhombin Cephalon is like the ponds and Below the midbrain the ponds and the medulla oblin cata Yeah, the nose brain and and he thought that was like you're looking at rats or lower mammals They've got a huge nose brain and that was what were They were the best subjects for study and so They figured That was how they sorted out stimuli and such and then McLean started to think I think that there's a fear or motion aspect of this and It's kind of started to evolve to the limbic system and that was still not So commonly said it was said by some and others seemed to be wary of it wary of it when I was in medical school Over the past 50 years great deals come a long ways There's another little picture that shows the idea of this You got the squash up here and The limbic system is not just this middle portion and it's just too simple and These systems don't operate independently It's not like you got a reptile, you know, you can't blame your bad deeds on That's the reptile in me, you know It's all integrated and I put a little neural glossary here just for Anyone that's interested again this will be in the PDF Particularly we're going to be interested in talking about nucleus is any cluster of neurons and they're like modular areas of the Of the of the forebrain and midbrain some and Even some in the hindbrain there's some clusters of cells and they project Excuse me axons to other nuclei So they interact they feed back they talked to each other Did I make a big jump oh Well, thank you. Thanks. Thank you Mike So I Will leave this for people to come back to to refer to in a sense the forebrain and the mid The forebrain refers to the dian cephalon and telencephalon the telencephalon It's like this rebrum and basal ganglia and the dian cephalon is the through brain Which is particularly in my thinking the thalamus, which is a relay center for everything that goes down the spinal cord and it Kind of balances a lot of stuff out the midbrain is below the hypothalamus and thalamus and It's a small area really the forebrain is The cerebrum is related to the first two ventricles. You have a left and right large cavity in the Port ventricles they are full of cerebral spinal fluid and it's secreted inside of them they perk percolates down through a little duct into a third ventricle which is Basically the ventricle of the thalamus and hypothalamus and then it trickle late it Percolates down to a fourth ventricle which is a little cavity in the Raman cephalon or brainstem ponds and I Wondered about why they called it ramen cephalon and because There are like raw eight rum beers Which are swellings that Form embryologically that become the ramen cephalon So it's related to a term they used in embryology and That term was first used in 1895 apparently Rum as something as a rhomboid is like a parallelogram or four-sided equal sides, I think Uh Can be doesn't have to be right angled all right There are Four dopaminergic pathways and I use this slide a couple times in this talk This also shows cerebellum is also at the level of the ponds in fact the ponds has this bundle of fibers that goes across In front of it that relate to the cerebellum and a vermus in the center Between its hemispheres Cerebellum means little brain. It's not very interesting to neurologists. It's Except You get a lot more bang for your buck buck with lesions in the spinal cord than you do with dealing with things in this cerebellum Uh, cerebellum is never interested Your science as much as how we think but these Listed on the left here, especially the mesocortical and especially meso olympic pathways Are of interest. These are all dopaminergic pathways. Those are the only dopaminergic pathways in No, and that's not right. They are the four major ones that Might want to put in your brain the meso olympic Relates to the ventral tegmental area in the Mesencephalon Oh, I went on to the next slide and you can read it there and I Don't mention that here in this but I give a little description of what are involved in these pathways the ones a nycosterial is Substantia nigra which is considered part of the basal ganglia. I'll tell you in a minute what the basal ganglia are and it projects to other basal ganglia and That's of course where you get Parkinson's when you have loss of cells or loss of dopamine production in those cells the meso olympic and mesocortical have a lot to do with motion and how you activate your body and Have a emotional movement a motor a volant volitional movement and a Response to emotion and emotions and feelings in general are Including fear are in this and memory especially episodic memory the There again, I want you to think of Loops or circuits like the papas circuit for the limbic system which involves the hippocampal formation and The amygdala and the amygdala is Right in front of the body of the hippocampus. I have better pictures for that in a minute and singulate gyrus So Okay, here's your hippocampus Hippocampus comes from the term for seahorse and so now you can see why this Curve thing here is the tail up is actually What's called the fornix or arch? and It's also closely related to the olfactory system In the very front of the body here at the top left of the hippocampus is Where you would find amygdala which is Part of where you get fear That's that's thought of with fear, but I'm gonna tell you a story about that in a minute for I do let me just tell you about I used to deal Over my time I did a couple of operations and with in combination with neurosurgeons most of them involved sinus disease frontal sinus disease where the Sinus disease have destroyed the posterior bony plate of the sinus and he wrote it into the frontal lobe area Anterior cranial fossa and so I would do surgery in combination And cooperation with a neurosurgeon But this is olfactory bulb. It's the first of 12 cranial nerves It is the one that goes right into your brain right into your cerebrum. It doesn't go to your midbrain or Brainstem, it's the It's less than five percent. Maybe it's a few percent of your brain Function is and involves the olfactory Perception per se whereas it's maybe 40 percent in a rat But you can get tumors off this bulb and it has the bulb has processing and such but Asthesioneuroblastomas which grow down into nasal cavity and are destructive and That's a that's one that I've dealt with with combined procedures with neurosurgeons Those are Stimulating cases you keep awake quite easily and You have this cribiform area in the roof of the up ethmoid where Little perforators come through and those are your olfactory endings. Those are basically pure brain Looking down. That's like like an open retina there at any rate this feeds right into Structures associated with the limbic system the uncus down here on the right is Cortex right over amygdala and the head of the hippocampus And then you have primary olfactory epithelium and it projects up into Some of the cortex as well. I Thought this was a good slide. It shows the right Well, it's actually the patients you're looking at the base of the brain and the bottom of the It's not a patient the bottom of this human brain and so this Is the left olfactory bulb? It's been removed on the right side Which is on your left and it's marked as olfactory sulcus at at any rate You see how small it is compared to the overall structure You can see down at the bottom is the ponds. That's what is related to the cerebellum and its functions and mammary bodies are important in the limbic system and Part of the pepe's circuit As well and you have mammalothalamic tracts the ponds is at the bottom medulla is below out of the picture It's not shown These are just above the ponds there are two little Bumps in the mid-dine Right adjacent to each other and in front of it is like if you put your fingers in a V That's the optic chiasm The optic nerve crosses and the pituitary gland comes out in close relation to the optic chiasm too, but at any rate the memory bodies are Part of the thalamus and important in the limbic system and Let's see I guess that's about all the temporal lobes are on the left and right here Think of put your arms with your fists to your sides like in a karate stance down down to your sides and think of those those are like your temporal lobes and It's kind of in that position your brain is folded so your temporal lobes come round and forward and There's uncus you can see uncus marked out there just if you look at where the mammary body is down there and the center about the bottom 25% of the picture just to the right and left is uncus and that's over that's cortex over the hippocampus This is from an old book That was made its classic Netter he just did such fabulous pictures showing the hippocampus and fornix the hippocampus is a temporal lobe structure and Starts out in the temporal lobe and swings around and with the fornix and the amygdala or to Nuclei that on each side and the temporal lobes that are just at the head of the hippocampus the amygdala this is Place where you process fear now as I read this One thing and I've heard it's discussed Like if you get rats and you put electrodes in the front and the back of the amygdala if they're in a safe place like a Nice warm cozy Place with food and water and soft light no scary things and no predators then The amygdala seems to act as more of a pleasure center But if they're in a Rat hell, you know where there's a lot of fear things that could cause them stress then the front of the amygdala shoots a lot of Impulses neural impulses in the back can as well so the amygdala can Adjust its function based on what's going on It's not purely fear. It's not that simple it's also a site where aggression can be located and It's some of sexual behavior comes from that and one wonders if the aggression associated with the amygdala and sexual function associated with the amygdala It's mixed up in some guys so that they think that sexual activity has violence and Harm involved It's an interesting question This is looking at from the brain split down the center from front to back Vertically and you can see underneath the Temporal lobe frontal lobe to your right. I would have anterior I wrote in there and the singulate gyrus is part of the And it's even more than just singulate gyrus It's and they now say prefrontal cortex and that includes singular gyrus singulate gyrus But that's some of the processing of the limbic system limbic system is not just It's part of this cerebrum deep cerebrum and So Okay, thing I liked most about this picture. It's midline, but it shows this corpus callosum and Basically the hippocampus Fornix runs below it but the corpus callosum is a band of associative neural fibers running from the left to the right hemisphere and in some people that's Doesn't form or it can be divided neuro-surgically and interesting things happen, but Also You see here they show the pituitary hanging down there like a grape Right in the center in front of the temporal lobe If you can see that Go from the center at the bottom straight up and you'll see this light gray thing on a Dibular stalk that's the pituitary gland and it is controlled by the hypothalamus which Does two things it does a lot for the autonomic nervous system and it has a neuro ectocrine function it sends It creates hormones that go in a portal system a Little circulation specialized circulation between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland to stimulate the Receptor cells in the pituitary gland to create thyroid hormone cortical corticosteroids and Hypothalamus is really busy maintaining the Homeostasis You also have I mentioned locus ceruleus with the parasympathetic nervous system The One point I've come across is that all these structures in the limbic system particularly and in the thalamus are competing to Control the hypothalamus. They're all talking to each other and they're all talking to hypothalamus and they're all trying to talk down every other Nucleus and get their message into the hypothalamus to tell it what to do and it gets weighed out and That's how you deal with stress and all kinds of stuff. Okay, limbic system. These are the main parts of it. I Thought this was a nice slide for it the reason why it's important is Is Because I still don't well there's in This is the Circuitry for emotions like limbic think of the bottom bunch of stuff is the hippocampal formation and Look how it tracks it from the hippocampus runs up the fornix to these mammary bodies And they have mammalothalamic tracts and the anterior thalamic nuclei It's actually called an area because there's three nuclei talk to the cingulate gyrus and Tell it what it's doing and Then there's feedback To the hippocampus and it's all this is important in an emotion and and processing of emotion and Memory especially episodic memory or explicit memory On the other hand basal ganglia, which you think of putamen called eight a migtula is that kind of fear nucleus I talked about But Down there with the hippocampus and the temporal lobe These are collectively called the stria striatum and They are kind of a processor for Executive function interacts they these interact with the prefrontal cortex a lot these are deep nuclei in the brain that interact with the frontal cortex to decide What to do what how to weigh something out and what action to take or not to take and If you play piano, this is where implicit memory is in these basal ganglia and in synapses that form there, that's you you can Implicit memory means memories without a condense Consolidating event necessarily it's maybe by you know experience that gets incorporated and by repetition as opposed to The explicit episodic memory that's associated especially with emotional Things that happen Okay, all this leads to nucleus accumens, which is kind of major reward Center in the brain the ventral tegmental areas that those are dopamine dopaminergic neurons and they send Information to the I said to amygdala, but also I'm I think it does but I Meant to write I was going to emphasize here nucleus accumens Nucleus accumens is really part of the basal ganglia close in with the cold eight and the putamen and The ventral tegmental area is the target of Methamphetamine and you get methamphetamine in there it starts sending out dopamine and It's it's it's a dopamine producing Nucleus and it's dopaminergic neurons go to limbic and cortical areas and They get a cheap reward they get a feeling of I've achieved something without doing anything I Put this slide in just to show these Caudate and putamen basal ganglia Globus Palatis as isn't there it is. Yeah, it is indicated there It's not functionally related so much to the caudate and putamen, but it's one of the basal ganglia Here's another slide you can see the gray there and there's internal capsule if you look there's just a streak kind of going diagonally where that this idea of lenticulophore Lynn Lentiform nucleus is kind of our cake. It's Putamen and and Caudate together I just messed up my view if I hit the wrong Okay Just quickly again because I think Parkinson's is one of the interesting things about Methamphetamine that people don't talk about as much as they should Parkinson's was first described by James Parkinson and I couldn't find a Picture of him and that's because they weren't taking photographs back then Pictures that were incorrectly or erroneously attributed to him look scary So I could see why they would cause people to shake if they saw that face but in any rate he had a small series of patients plus some people on the street and I think in London and He distinguished between people with trimmer at rest, which is typical of Parkinson's versus tremors with motion, which is Like Essential trimmer Tourette's is quite different Tourette's is it's Parkinson's Tourette's I don't think is closely related to Parkinson's at all Parkinson's is What's it's got a complex of Symptoms they get Parkinsonian faces where they basically don't show expression They can't get going they can't keep going and they can't stop They can't control motor function. They even have trouble swallowing. They start to have Perceptual hallucinatory effects it eventually On the other hand, I think of Tourette's I had a patient Who had Tourette's once and I was writing a prescription back when we wrote prescriptions and She took a swing at me and I heard the wish The swoosh as it went by my ear. She just did crazy stuff that that's a little different Anyway, I thought he was Interesting thing to point out One of the things I wanted to impress upon you is that methamphetamine methamphetamine users are almost twice as much likely to have Parkinson's develop as people who never used it You don't want to burn out your equipment and I Before I leave the system thing. I want to impress upon you that Methamphetamine like cocaine now cocaine Kind of have an interesting common history or parallel history coca was derived and presented to Europeans really came of interest in the 19 1800s and I guess There was a wine Produced Vin marina then marina that was wine and coke cocaine there was about two grams of cocaine per ounce of wine and This was sold by this Gentleman Perkinson maybe in United States as a Beverage To help you as it basically he touted it as a an aphrodisiac to help your sexual organs rejuvenate and the sort of thing so It was popular and then like 17 I'm sorry 1885 after the Bad compromise and the Hays administration and they allowed Jim Crow to resume in the South They had a temperance law in Georgia where they forbade the sale of alcohol and So this Perkinson Had to take his Wine and cocaine mixture and do something he replaced the wine with sugar and Coca-Cola and So I Think he could have gone to another state, but they're still in Georgia And just lately after they passed new Jim Crow laws they came out said those aren't very nice but Cocaine was Eventually controlled in 1914 there was a Harrison bill That Regulated production and distribution and sale of opiates and coca products and Basically it was influenced by people like Halstead who was a top surgeon in the United States that Who was very famous at Johns Hopkins when I was in Training and I did general surgery for a few years everybody talked about Halstead and he was a Hero and Meanwhile some of his writings he was a cokehead himself he injected cocaine and Was addicted to it so was Freud and others And in fact that that drink I mentioned with the coke on the wine I think that Thomas Edison and Ulysses S. Grant thought it was just great thought it was very stimulating Of course Grant was known to be an alcoholic and Edison liked to experiment but In any way Halstead wrote about Timid Negroes becoming unmanageable and because they become Fiends for dope or doper fiends and become a constant menace to the community so There was Concern about Cocaine fiends among the Negroes And so that was America See what Jack Johnson the boxer was up against and So in 1914 they passed that bill to regulate it and cocaine kind of disappeared from the scene until the 70s when the Sex drugs and rock and roll scene really Caught on I remember when LSD was not illegal and methamphetamine was not illegal methamphetamine was first Regulated in the United States in 1970 and When I was in college, I knew a lot of people that were doing decks and speed and things and a lot of other drugs and I I Was I feel so lucky when I was about 14 to 15 I was I Discovered I didn't feel like I had much going for me. I wasn't well to do and I Didn't have Impressive clothing my all my clothes were from my cousin and Which Got me made fun of at times because they didn't fit great and they were worn but I Was in Mathematics classes and we had linear equations multiple linear equations like in for unknowns and They said you got to write this down and I tried I discovered I could look at it on the board and solve it without writing it down and I got a rush out of that kind of a reward in my brain out of that and I Sometimes the math teachers like me and sometimes they didn't I would return in stuff with no derivations Or if I use derivations, they didn't like my derivations Because they sometimes one of them told me they didn't know calculus and I was using calculus which I had taught myself but one summer and I was so afraid that's all I had I was so afraid if I lost that I wouldn't I would be nothing and so I was really protective of my brain function and all this time and I never drank much and I got drunk once in my life and I Never did drugs. I Drank coffee and I did smoke for a time but I Quit that when I was young and This stuff caused this brain damage, but a rate it's an increasing problem since The Well the finish up with the cocaine in the 80s I guess they started cutting cutting corners and Cutting cocaine for distribution illegally with baking soda and things and they would heat it and it make cracking sounds And so they called it crack cocaine and they said that's more addictive. Well It was cheaper. It was so it became more popular than ever ten ten bucks and you could get a hit of crack cocaine and you had in Philadelphia you had Teenage girls and some teenage boys selling their bodies For a ten bucks To get another hit of crack cocaine. It's just really form of slavery What happens with these things, but it's causes deaths and methamphetamine overdoses are a dangerous thing and Most recently the Native Americans are In the United States are suffering the most with that I think people that are poor and desperate and don't have much to be happy about You take something like this and it makes you feel Invincible makes you feel like you've won Or that you're going to win it one of the big things about this is anticipation So what happens if you take? Amphetamine side effects Some of these are the same if you take a lot you get high levels of serotonin as well But you can end up with a heart attack comas and Paranoia paranoia is a big thing with this One of the problems and here's where I want to talk a little bit just just a couple more minutes about the socio Medical aspects of of methamphetamine use it becomes a community. There is a paranoia associated there's also paranoia associated with cocaine and violence Was something that's associated with cocaine use, you know about Supposedly 90% of people they're using cocaine or just recreational use. They're not using it heavy But they're not habitual But that 10% they'll start using it a little more frequently They'll start during the week and then they'll start daily and then they'll binge they'll go days They will stop eating. They'll stop sleeping. They lose their job.  There's a methamphetamine crosses the placenta as well as the blood brain barrier So it gets to the baby, but a woman that This is not at all in common. I was pregnant, but using methamphetamine quite a lot After the baby was born the family was there to see the new baby and uggling and oggling and She felt nothing She felt nothing It couldn't compare to what she felt when she got meth So it's a tough problem is really no cure for this They get into a community where you're either in or you're out If you're not a if you're even an occasional user of meth, you're out They they don't trust it, you know anybody that's not a heavy user and they can see that they're heavy users Yeah, it destroys the teeth and the people that are heavy users they'll start with proxies and where they grind and crush their teeth and fracture them and Necolect dental hygiene as well and Long-term heavy use can lead to psychosis among other things death as well, but the psychosis can last for over a day and sometimes longer and I Was going to talk more about history by only to go on and on I Put the slide in for people that are interested These are three interesting articles about how governments exploited their young Mostly men, but now it's men and women, but Methamphetamine is not used the same way now In in militaries at least in the United States But the Germans it was it was an over-the-counter medication of methamphetamine available in Germany during World War two Hitler was a meth freak It was used in soldiers to keep them going and when the war is over What then they're screwed up? so there's a there's a lot to a lot of hypocrisy and a lot to Be concerned about here One last picture You look at these you can do this with PET scans or specialized MRI scans And these commercials I'm making fun of I'm sorry Yeah, there we are Too far They didn't work. They were pretty striking. This is this is your brain.  It doesn't use drugs or someone that does they think that's lame And One of the things I wanted to make a point of here lastly is that People that do these things cause Changes in the physiology of their of their brain. Dang it. Sorry They lose dopamine function and The healthy brain is to the left and in the upper left-hand corner and the Person who's been a heavy abuser of dope? Methamphetamine is on the right and you see a lot less Dopamine activity and that can last at least 36 months and I think there's some literature That suggests there are permanent changes. So I know just say no is an easy It's gonna take more than a village to make people quit. They need a lot of support acceptance and That's about it, thank you Della Delia I say things always mispronounce things so Any questions Do you want to read stuff? That's really cool and one of the things I enjoyed the most in medical school was neuroanatomy and It's really been refined we had a Stodgy Older woman who taught neuroanatomy and she had published and was very dry and would only show cold Diagrammatic anatomy and then we had labs Examining brains and brain areas and we also did histology and There was it was frustrating for me because it was so much stuff and I was what in the world There's all this stuff too. How does it interact? You almost need artificial intelligence to understand the brain There's so much Going on between areas. I went over a little bit. I appreciate everyone sitting in Through this and thank you to everyone Was there a question Steven? I missed it. I'm sorry. Thank you Phil. Thanks for coming synergy. Thank you day Thank you, Manuela. Thank you max Okay, there's a new approach to dealing with epidemics of addiction to Think of it as an epidemic of an infectious agent. How much do you think that approach will help? Well, I think it is a disease this is like a disease and Approaching it by punitive legalistic And Archaic Schemes is fraught with failure and it's gonna I Psychiatry and psychology are As as applied Sciences are Really lacking in the psychiatry if they Have anything for which they can't just give a medication say that's it then it's a Lot of work and the things that are easier Kind of take precedence But it's it's gonna take big social Structural changes and in the way People are dealt with and the support they get if they're stuck on meth The other thing is meth is causes toxic waste sites it you go stay in a motel room You may be staying a place which has toxins and Dangerous chemicals As residues in the air or on the surfaces that were used for cooking meth There's all this mobile Meth labs and things like this. It's not really hard to make and I refused and Expressively did not talk about how it's synthesized as I don't think anyone needs to know that really But yeah, I think society needs to needs to regard it as a disease You know you look at the brain and so little of what we do is a Tributable to free will or if any or They put a person in jail because they're migtala screwed up Basically, I mean it's really Striking You have to deal with people by their actions if they're danger to others But it's one of the reasons I really don't accept the death penalty. I hope I gave a reasonable answer to that Oh, yeah, the Stephen Danes of Montana was complaining that They used to have homegrown meth in Montana now it's coming from the cartels in Mexico like it's suddenly Mexico's fault What a jerk Thank You Shaila. I was thinking this exactly Phil what politician brains look like I think about like that many of them about like that Egg on the left in the middle with the pepper on it kind of a lot of coagulated protein And a fat glob in the center called the yoke. Yeah, meth labs are very dangerous and They don't take precautions they're dealing with I mean with flammable and volatile agents and Getting chemicals from all kinds of places that then they just Put in the garbage It's not being disposed of properly and things aren't being cleaned down properly and They're not trained or oriented towards safety. Yeah, especially when it turns brown Phil Nitrogliss ready to make it home The brown stuff you got to really walk easy And the fumes are coming off of it Thank You barricade Thanks, Stephen. I've never seen breaking bed. I saw an excerpt of it, but I'm not sure where I saw the excerpt but and I know that actor Not personally but sorry max. Oh, I had one last thing. I'll tell anyone who's here that's still interested How to increase your own dopamine levels Naturally, so for those who are still here if you want to jack up your dopamine levels exercise walking walking is great for making new synapses and It'll jack up your dopamine naturally nature nature is a good way to Improve natural pleasure responses nutrition is important good nutrition healthy nutrition meditation which like Shiloh does that would I Think and naturally increase Gratitude and attitude have a good attitude about life Think positively look for positive aspects to life and the things that work for you again, I was like I Could have come out a lot of ways and again. I just feel so lucky. I was I Kind of got stoned on learning stuff. I got a rush out of learning stuff and It was like a drug thing for me. So learning a new thing was gave me Sense of gratification. Yeah, it's a great thing. Isn't it max? So being grateful for what works for you and You know sticking to it goal achievement setting yourself a goal something doable and then do it and then Of course dopamine is also involved in the anticipation of a goal because it's part of how the brain Learns. Oh did I do this before how did I do this and how did I get that and now day? How do I do it again? It's sort of the old is it still there? And is it does it still feel good type of thing and Finally go out and make some happy memories and dwelling on happy memories if you can Choosing the memories you dwell on or Is better than dwelling on negative memories, so that's all I got Yes dopamine is really important in learning. Oh, thank you. Once again, I'm posting my PDF for anyone that would like to download it and Or have access to it and Does that think there was good diagrams overall? Only had one place where I would have edited it a little differently if I were to do it over Thanks everyone for coming. I really appreciate your attention and interest. See you Phil


pport modern day debate So want to let you know about that if you did not know that Amazon prime comes with a free twitch subscription that you can use on modern day debate if you want And it helps us out because it's basically each month. It's like two dollars and fifty cents that You don't pay anything extra. It's just part of your amazon prime deal Where you can use that subscription for modern day debate and it helps the channel We plan on some big debates this summer Some of which a lot of which will be in per like we were planning on doing them in person Including flat earth debates some so it's going to be epic you guys And that is one thing that like when you do give through if you have a amazon prime account And then if you use it to use your free twitch subscription on modern day debate That helps us to do that in terms of travel I have mentioned last time if we had let's say a hundred people who are twitch subscribers And then Let's say So they were twitch subscribers using their free amazon prime deal So they don't pay anything extra than they normally pay That's two hundred and fifty dollars per month that we could use easily that covers at least a one way and maybe even a round trip flight For one of those in-person debates. So it really does it helps when a lot of people do it So thank you guys. We we already do have more and more people are doing it, which we appreciate. Thanks for your support on that And I want to say as well though tusk beatbox. Thanks for the updates on the channel and what's going on when i'm not here on thursday night And harmonica man pumped to have you here Oh, good to see you again l. I hope you're doing well Oh adam you're up late man adam albillia. Good to see us. Thanks for being with us lizard james The lizard people. I am concerned you know Fortunately, uh, I mean I listen to alex jones. So I know everything that's coming up in the future because he lets me know I'm joking. I don't I don't actually listen to him but That's a person that we might theoretically In terms of those in-person debates that might happen in the summer so Uh, yeah, I agree perfect one I will have to talk to praise of that moderating stuff because i'm like dude So we are excited though I am pumped to just uh, you know get to hang out with you guys. So thanks for being here Is there you guys can I let you know that behind this curtain because you didn't maybe know this is a curtain see this See it move We are at as of right now 171 likes if we can get to 200 likes we can totally do this you guys. That's only 29 more likes I will show you a new object from behind the curtain you guys This curtain I can lift it up and I can show you the new thing You could say the new item behind the mystery curtain tonight So please do hit that like button because you don't want to miss it and Let's see here. We are I was intrigued to learn about this new term gamma males That's super interesting. I never knew about it. So I gamma is people do people use that now gamma males Oh, man. I'm a boomer. So I'm kind of behind on all the terminology But oh twitch chat. I'm so sorry you guys. I've been like super slow Luz seal. Thanks for being a What is a subscriber? That's right I'm the terminology is like still new for me on twitch even but yeah Thank you. Lazeel and then NT can says leaving my question hanging sad face I am sorry about that NT cans, but it's really tough because the trick is like I said Paul being up until three in the morning. I'm like, I had no idea. He was even in Europe And so until tonight and then I was like, uh crap Because I do I feel bad making our when we have European guests on and they're staying up Into like the early morning hours. I just feel like I'm like, uh, I'm so sorry But poor lucy. Good to see you in the twitch chat. Luz seal. Thanks for being with us and poor lucy says tonight. No Yeah, there are no no more debate tonight but yes Brooks Barrow good to see you there again in the old twitch chat and yeah, you guys I am pumped as a Yeah, it's just really fun. Thank you guys for the support of the channel. I'm excited about the future We're doing new things. We're we're working on getting more new topics That's right. Squatch talk says is it Bosch behind the curtain? It might be you never know, but uh, we are excited though Let's see general ballzak says is bruce banner hulk man means you are Bad of the bone It's bruce banner slash hulk Man means you're bad No, it's not a blow-up doll by the way, but yeah, I appreciate you guys our ff ef C. E. Thanks for being with us again. Good to see you pal Strip or lick are good to see you. Let's see nero glad you're here And let's see that I miss it. They could not see anybody They miss you anybody master optics glad you came by good to see you again And yeah, we're excited though about the future. We have a lot of Awesome stuff. So we are pumped about it. And yeah, you guys we Really do appreciate you here whether you're a flat earth or a globe earth or a hollow earth or you name it I don't know what else there is but We are excited and We're also excited you guys that in the future We're just pumped that our podcast People have really enjoyed the podcast that is encouraging. So thanks spartan theology who says hit that like button people I agree Please do hit that like button to support the stream and modern day debate As we want to be a neutral platform for everybody to be able to make their case on a level playing field We are excited about the future you guys. It's honestly going to be epic. It's going to be So also want to let you know though. Yes, uh, let's see Tuss beatbox says low key kind of wish james noticed my accomplishment Message Can I miss it? I'm so sorry tuss. What was it that I missed? Let me know And uh, but yeah, you guys were pumped General ball sack. Yeah, I was confused by that one, but don't worry. No problem friend and Louis Barnett says james. I would love to see one one day. See a Scientologist come on. Yeah, we could do that I'm open to it. I don't if there are any Scientologists out there and you're like, hey, yeah, james Like I'm right here right under your nose. What are you waiting for? Shoot me an email at modern day debate at gmail.com if you're a Scientologist and you want to come on Also, if you happen to be in see E L If you happen to identify as that Let me know email me at moderndaydebate at gmail.com Because we would like to host you as that topic as controversial it is as it is We are willing to host it Master optic says, oh, hey, james. Glad you're back. Thanks, buddy. Appreciate it and stripper liquor says tuss is one year drug free Congrats tuss. Like that is awesome. Good for you. Like I'm excited for you. So that's just Super encouraging. We're glad for you. Thanks tuss for sharing that I always like good news. I like positive news. That's one thing I got to tell you folks We want to have a philosophy of being happy for other people Like if someone like let's say there are like other debate channels So if you guys have ever heard of the channel unbelievable with Justin Briarley We are happy for their success. They're doing like we're like basically we're in close to the same lane almost We do debates besides religion. They do mostly debates on religion And we're like, hey, if they have success, we're happy for them. Like that's great Like we want to be happy for other people and so when we hear good news We want to be happy for them rather than like, you know, sometimes there are people out there They're like all bitter and they're like, oh, they're they're doing well, but like screw them, you know And it's like, well, why are you like angry at someone else's success? Like, why not be happy for them? It's good news. So thanks. Squatch talk says big foot debate part two Maybe And Anthony Dickinson says Shabbat Shalom and blessings to you all and both of the debaters great show Austin killed yet another wizard though. I don't know what you mean by wizard But we uh, let's see. Is that like something from their tour? I don't know, but uh, we do appreciate you guys and so thanks double minded. Thanks for your super chat And super sticker saying, how's it going? Thanks for your support. Seriously, that means a lot and it's going well I'm excited you guys We've just uh, man, it's it's always It's always fun here you guys you make it fun the more the merrier. So we appreciate you guys We hope you feel welcome. Let us know if there's something I can do to make your day easier And general ball sacks says I've been hitting up hitting unbelievable recently Really good channel. I agree They have a great channel. It's a lot of fun stuff. And so, you know, like I said, we're happy for them Like as they, you know, when they have like a huge event or something it's like, hey, that's awesome Like let's be happy for him. Like so anyway Glad to see you Resid Resawad of gore. Good to see you buddy. Hope you're having a great night king crew Looks like you're settling down for the night says what is it? Take care all thank you king crew for your kindness and then And the jord says says I don't think the curtain is filling tonight. Did you say filling? I don't know But yeah, thank you guys. We're excited about the future. And so Thanks for your support. We have got big plans though you guys. I really want to do like a summer tour So kind of like right now wits it and Nathan Thompson and those guys are traveling I want to do something like that this summer where modern day debate is traveling And I'm just driving around in different cities in the united states And hosting epic debates like that would be so fun. So I'm like really I'm I'm excited for it And uh, yeah, we really uh It's gonna be fun. So appreciate all your support and helping make that happen And yeah, you guys, I hope you are doing well folks We hope that you feel loved here We hope that you feel like it's a community About a month ago actually two months now. Holy smokes time is flying you guys. This is crazy Yeah, about two months ago, uh Woman she in the chat mentioned her father just passed away And I was like, wow, I'm so sorry to hear that. I'm I'm like embarrassed to say I'm so sorry it gets hard to remember her name but she had mentioned her father passed and I just appreciated that. Well, obviously I first felt bad Like I felt terrible for like my heart broke for like I was like, I can't I don't know what that feels like But I know it's got to be bad. And so I'm really sorry And we hope she's doing well if you're out there if you ever hear this And she was willing to share it in the chat though And that just made me feel so good that it was kind of like a feeling of community here that she felt And people in the chat were really supportive. She had she mentioned that Uh, basically She mentioned that her father just passed away hours before the stream So we were like live when she said it in the chat, of course And I was like, wow Um My heart just ached. I just felt so I was like, wow But I also felt so glad that we could kind of be there for Um in supporter and so I was like, oh man like We just hope that you know We care about you and I just was everybody in the chat was so awesome to her and it made me feel so good Like happy that this is like a community of our own And yes, thanks for your kind words appreciate it that support means a lot and so Anthony Dickens says says if you get around Mississippi Hall at me brother, I'll debate fdp world That would be fun. I appreciate it. Thanks for letting me know that but yeah, we're pumped you guys is for me I'm like man. I just I appreciate you guys and I know it's true. We are gonna differ on things folks We're gonna differ on flat earth versus globe earth Christian versus atheist or muslim or whatever the view is agnostic and you name it Republican versus democrat All of those but nonetheless, I hope all of you no matter what groups of those or others We hope you feel welcome. We hope you know, we appreciate you and remember that we Despite being from all those different groups. We have things in common folks one being We all want fair debates on a level playing field That is the vision of this channel folks and believe it. We have got big goals We're gonna do big things this summer Big events monster events that are gonna be epic And so when all the smoke and dust has cleared folks believe me modern day debate is going to grow It's going to be big. We're confident that it's going to happen It's going to happen in the future and it's going to be monstrous And so we appreciate all of you guys's huge support for that As we were excited about the future. We're passionate about this calling That's our purpose and I would say additionally something else that we all agree on Is that for example, no matter whether we be a republican democrat black white Gay straight You name it the thing is all of us believe in the value of When we do our charity streams and you guys support those by Once in a while we do about once a month We'll do a charity stream where a hundred percent of the super chats will go to charity And so thank you guys like that is honestly just we are excited and that's something or it's like hey again All of us no matter what walk of life we are from it's like well We all believe in that too. So we have a lot more in common than you might think you could say our social categories Like it's kind of like we are in those ways in terms of what we value like there are things that make us united and we appreciate you guys and being united with us as we pursue those visions of hosting fair debates on a level playing field for everybody and also Helping make the world a better place through those that monthly charity stream that we do So thank you guys You guys rock you were the steam that powers this channel and the the debaters are as well They're the lifeblood of the channel. So thank you guys for all of your support Res a wad of gore says would an an anti Va x debate gets you kicked off of youtube. No, it wouldn't we've done it before I'm open to doing it, but it just for some reason hasn't been Hasn't been like around it like it people haven't been really asking for it but Snowflake whisperer good to see you. Thanks for being with us friend. Appreciate you and let's see I miss anybody else. I just love saying hi to you guys. You guys make it fun But yeah, we're excited about the future. So you guys that's that's a trick. We have so much in common you guys I always hate leaving. It's always like I say goodbye like 10 times when I say good-bye to you guys But I just enjoy this. It's just fun Do you guys have any ideas one thing I would say? Yeah, if you can let us know If you know of anybody who is willing to debate on the topic of Please email us at modern a debate at gmail.com That would be a new juicy topic and I have been having so much trouble. I've been looking believe me It's really hard to find somebody that's willing to Do that topic so oh man, it's it's tough you guys, but Let's see Dejube glad you're here. Even though it's late. We're pumped. You came by. Thanks for being with us and also brittle says, uh, let's see Thanks for your constructive criticism brittle appreciate it. It's good for us So feel free you guys if you have constructive criticism for the channel Feel free to let us know as you want to make the channel a better channel And you guys have ideas and we appreciate you sharing those with us And that's the trick like if you go back to I always talk about this because it's my favorite Well, there's more than one debate where we've got a lot of criticism of modern day debate or me or another moderator Sometimes probably rarely because they all rock. They do a great job But we leave the criticism up like it's like I don't know I don't want to like cover it up when people are like james I felt felt like you could do better in this and it's like I'm just going to delete that. It's like um We appreciate if they're polite constructive criticism comments, but um Yeah, even when they're not it's like I I want to Like generally speaking. I want it to kind of be like, well It's out there. It's out in the open and uh, you know people can read it if they want and we want people to just have freedom When they're here, you know, we don't want people feeling like they're walking around on eggshells And so I wonder that sometimes like there are some channels that I comment and I'm like Nobody interacts with my comment and I'm like is it Like am I hidden on that channel? Sometimes I wonder that I'm a little paranoid Jose J. G. Glad you made it friend. And let's see here Dejub says yeah first time catching you live and I only catch the after show Yeah, that's true. Uh, but we uh, we do have another debate tomorrow night that we're setting up But so hopefully we'll see you all tomorrow night. That'll be excited and then Anthony Dickinson says much loved you all troll or not. I love you many many blessings to you all Thanks for your love and kindness, Anthony Dickinson. That means a lot. We hope you feel loved as well And general ball sack says check your twitch stream for i n c e l s Oh, is there somebody in the uh Twitch chat that identifies as that As i n c e l let me know Because that's amazing. I've been looking hard. It is so hard to find a person who happens to be i n c e l Who's willing to debate beats me? I don't know Not easy, but yeah, we're pumped. I didn't see anybody general ball sack. Oh, okay, just Just uh mess it with me. But yeah, we are excited and so thanks everybody brittle says let's see Thanks for your constructive criticism as well or more more so your follow-up to that uh brittle and Jerry Streeter says I don't know what that means. It means a person who um never has Sensual relations with someone Um, and it's it's involuntary. In other words, like it's because they can't find anybody that would have relations with them He'd shield says get a basic idea from a video on the non-sec show should be an easy intro to the topic Yeah, it's uh, they they've had it on there and then old boy says hey james Not that you peer pressured me or anything, but I have been looking into nicotine supplementation for focus and studying How has performance been for you? Thanks Yeah, I don't know if I should have you guys remember I mentioned that so I do sometimes I use nicotine While I study, um, you don't need it I think it helps. I think that if you're trying to like for example If you're going to take the g re or the l sat or some other sort of test to get into like a grad program or law school or whatever I would try to get every little bit of help I could and I nicotine is a new tropic So it does actually in a real way. You are you do think a little better with nicotine Um, I wouldn't smoke I have these like this is just I put a little bit of a lozenge in my Can you hear that?  Can you see that? It's hard to see it, but I put that into My lip And then uh, it helps a little bit so uh, yeah I I don't notice a big difference in my thinking. Um, if you've ever taken Let's see. Um, like let's say you've taken the drug c o n c e r t a Um, this is not going to be as good as that in terms of like how much, um, that helps It I would say it's probably like caffeine in terms of like the the benefit you get out of it Is it worth the cost because this tube I think it's like 10 bucks a tube At least it's maybe it's 20 I I'm like, I don't know if you if you have to do something like the g re go for it I bought a lot of it. So I have a lot left over from my first year of my doctorate Um, because my first year of my doctorate, I was like really nervous I was like am I really cut out for getting the doctorate and all that and so I was like I was taking these hard stats courses that I was like I was like I want to be at my absolute best and now I use it to like help me stay awake It does make me feel a little more awake. So sometimes I'll pop a little bit while I'm meditating but um Yeah, I would say in terms of like, yeah, it's like General ball sack glad you're uh, thanks for your joke though and uh K doc, thanks for being with us glad you're here, buddy and let's see General ball sacks that I might be able to do some scouting. Thanks for your help if you can that means a lot sigifredo sarabia We're glad you're here, buddy. Good to see you again and then Let's see And the jord said making fun of those poor incel fellows calling them betas But yeah, let's see. Anthony Dickinson says I'm dry. I'm diving out, brother You are a super good host brother.  Good night and good night to all also try w e e d Thanks for your kind words, anthony dickinson. We appreciate you, buddy. That seriously means a lot. Thanks for the love general ball sacks says I got hooked on Sigs while in iraq nicotine really helps you stay awake for 12 overwatch when nothing happens Yeah, I mean that's for me sometimes I just have a bad night of sleep and I still want to meditate the next day I'm really big on meditation That's one thing I would say if you want an academic edge meditation In a real way kind of makes you smarter depending on if you categorize working memory As being like a sub component of intelligence, which I would argue that it should be not everybody does but Meditation helps your working memory and that in turn I would say is a part of intelligence and so in a real way I think meditation makes you smarter But uh old boy says yeah, I saw that specific specific version in bulk sale for around 50 bucks lol I just never considered nicotine for a new tropic. I couldn't find any significant side effects on rare usage Yeah, I think you'd be fine and I even use it like once a day Sometimes. Yeah, so I would not worry But I would say I mean, there's maybe some potential bad stuff like I haven't read about these and it also says I think it says like Don't use for more than a year or something So I would say I would be careful Because it you know theoretically it could be and it could have a negative effect like maybe on the inside of your lip So I would say like, you know, just be I'd be maybe careful about that but um General ball sex says though, I don't think a lot of inc el's would be willing to debate live That is their way. Yeah, I think you're right. That's maybe why it's been hard for me to find them Residuat of course is night nicotine suppositories help meditation. Now that sounds fun and then Anthony Dickinson, thanks for your super chat man. Love love you too means a lot So it's just because I love you all. Thanks Anthony seriously appreciate the support man. Um, I'm really excited about the future. And so I'm I'm pumped that you guys I'm excited about this channel And you guys make it great. Like you guys are just awesome. So I do appreciate you guys Thank you every every step of the way for all of your guys's support Fred Farkel. Thanks for being with us, buddy And Let's see one thing that's cool too I'm looking in the creator studio right now. So like in youtube that shows me the stats That's cool. Uh, let's see. It looks like some new people subscribed during this debate So thanks for subscribing to our friends who have we appreciate you and yeah, I'm just excited that you guys this has been a Total blast. It was a fun debate. And so we are looking forward to seeing you tomorrow It would be a blast to have you there. And so Stripper liquor, I agree a migtow debate would be really interesting. That'd be really fun So I think that'd be awesome. So I'm open to that as well if somebody wanted to defend that position So adam el bilia says no more than a year perhaps because one might develop dependency Maybe that could be. I mean, I do enjoy the stuff Um, I don't know if it makes a huge difference to be honest. Like that's the only thing is that it's like I do think it helps me from like falling asleep I seem to like if I meditate, I'm like less less less likely to doze off on it But I would say in terms of my mood, I don't know. It's like, I don't know if I like feel much happier or something And then stripper liquor says how about a migtow debate? I'm open to it, man Let me know if you know somebody who's like amped to debate the topic. That could be really cool. So Yeah, brittle. Thanks for saying knight james. Appreciate you brittle. Thanks for being kind and we hope you have a great night and Yes, thank you guys everybody. We love you. Thanks for all of your support We're excited about the future and if you're like, you know I'm feeling like I want to do a good deed today One thing is If you open up modern day debate on your favorite podcast app and you give us a positive rating That helps a lot. So that would be a good deed if you want to do one for the day that we appreciate So thanks so much and feel free to even like let me know via email Or in the live chat if you did give us a positive rating as that means a lot Or maybe you gave us a bad rating. He said james. I was Triggered and I gave you a bad rating. It's probably better than no rating. So we appreciate you guys rating us all together brittle says Um f w i w. I don't know what that means. I'm not do I look like a guy who's hip? They said I usually enjoy these after-show chats more than the debates themselves. Thanks brittle. That means a lot seriously super encouraged by that and But yeah, thanks. I appreciate that. That's super encouraging. It's fun for me. And that's why it's like once I get going I'm like, this is just fun. Like I don't like to I don't want to leave like I'm just enjoying it. So Thank you guys Appreciate you guys. Love you guys. And I'm honestly just excited. So thanks everybody. We will hopefully see you tomorrow night As long as you've got the notification bell clicked for all and that way you won't miss it Folks is uh, it's always fun. The live show in my opinion is like the most I just think it's a blast It's like the spontaneity of a live show There's something that makes that extra fun in my opinion. Just sort of kind of like it's like, oh, no, it's going like right now So thanks everybody keeps everything out there reasonable from the unreasonable And we'll be back tomorrow night. Hope to see you then. So thanks everybody. Oh brittle says f w i w means for what it's worth Thank you brittle for making me just a little bit more hip Appreciate it. So thanks everybody. Lenny cash says good night. Everybody. Take care Thanks everybody. Appreciate you guys. Love you out. Take care