Welcome to Digital Asset News, the top stories in cryptocurrency and digital assets, and breaking on to bite-sized pieces. Today is a great day. There's nothing but good news. So first up, Russia legalizes cryptocurrencies, terming them property. And this is a stark contrast because not too long ago, they were talking about banning everything also. This is a follow-up to yesterday's great news that the OCC actually went ahead and said that banks could custody cryptocurrency. But it's a great article and it talks about don't expect banks to jump on the OCC Cryptocurrency News. This is written by Alex Masioli and it just puts a nice spin on things negative and positive. Also, I hope you're ready for some more helicopter money because 2.1 trillion dollar budget is expected to go for another round of COVID-19 relief money. And finally, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak or Waz sues YouTube over Bitcoin giveaway scams. And if you're like me, I've seen a couple scams come around. Don't know why that is, but that's what's going on in YouTube. Before we get into that, let's take a look at what's going on with the market. So today it is July. It is a two o'clock Texas time and it looks like everything's up. It's a great day, my friends. Bitcoin almost hit the 9600. It's up 2.4% and Ethereum posting massive gains, 12% in a day. So if you have been holding Ethereum all the way in the days of, you know, $100 or so, which was not too long ago. Congratulations. You're fantastically in the green. Tether's Tether XRP 20 cents. Watch out. Bitcoin cash is up 2.8%. Just along with Cardano, Bitcoin SV chain link up again. 786 hasn't seen the 864 it was before, but hey, not too bad. Can't go up forever. Litecoin. I mean, everything's in the green today. Tezos 5.5 for Monero 2.6. When everything is up, it's a great day. What started that? Well, let's go over that right now. So first up, Russia legalizes cryptocurrencies, terming them property. Now, I'm not saying that this is what kicked off this huge spike in revenue for cryptocurrency assets, but it just seems like there's just more and more good news. And this, I think is going to lead us to mass adoption. So let's get into it. So the article says that in Russia, any digital currency will now be recognized as a set of electronic data, which can be used for payments purpose. Let me read that again. Digital currency will now be recognized as a set of electronic data, which can be used for payments purpose or even as an investment tool. These currencies do not have any essentially responsible party and are maintained by the operators and nodes of the blockchain system. So essentially your keys, your cryptocurrency, no one is going to have to do anything for you as far as Russia goes. So this is a great thing. However, this next sentence had me confused. It says, the bill also clarified that the country sees the digital currencies as a type of property and they cannot be used as a mode of payment. So I don't understand why it says one thing, the other thing, maybe just a different legal speak and I just don't understand, but still it's good news because not too long ago, like I said, they were talking about banning everything. The lawmakers previously even moved a bill seeking abandon all crypto trading services in the country, labeling them illegal, but they faced backlash from the already operating Russian crypto businesses. And this was pretty amazing because all the different legislators in Russia, they were all talking, they were all hard-charging like, we need to ban this, we need to ban this, we need to ban this. But it totally went against Vladimir Putin and what he had said before is like, hey, I think blockchain's good and we're going to go with it. And guess what? Putin won. Again, how crazy is that? So yeah, it looks like businesses, they and of course the people in real power get over on the people who are legislators. So what are you going to do? The bill also detailed that from now on, the Russian central bank will oversee any issuance of new digital currencies in the country and will further decide on the features. The monetary regulator will also decide on framework of selling of digital currencies to qualified investors. So you can't have everything open. And it's like I say, you win some, you lose some. And this one can't be perfect. And I will say, hey, at least I didn't try to ban everything, which had been just more turmoil and more fud, just like India did and they got beat down by their Supreme Court when they actually overturned everything. And now it's legal in India. So it's the same thing here in Russia, at least we didn't have to go through the whole rigmarole where they say, oh, it's banned. But it really wasn't banned. And then you have to go with the fud and different dips in the in the market, just to get to the point where it's gonna be like, hey, this is gonna happen anyhow, so just legalize it. But I will say this, when it talks about, you know, they're going to really clamp down for the central banks are going to kind of do some regulation. This blood isn't or this bill doesn't go in effect until January 1 2021. So new digital currencies better step up. Because after that, it's all about regulation and hey, what are you going to do? All right, let's move on to the next story. Next up, this was a great one. So this was don't expect banks to jump on the OCC crypto custody news. And if you run familiar yesterday, the office of the comptroller of the currency or OCC, they actually announced that, hey, it's okay for banks to become custodians of cryptocurrency. And the reason this happened was because the head of department was actually had the legal department for Coinbase. So it's amazing how that worked out. But it's good, because this is exactly what we need. Because as we can see, just from the little story we just talked about in Russia, America is falling vastly behind in the regulation department. And if they don't step up the pace, the whole world's going to pass us by. That's just how it is. Anyhow, so let's break into this story. So this is from Alex Maschioli. And I was like, Well, who's this guy? So I click on his profile here, and it's a big blob.  So then I take a look at his Twitter profile. And I'm like, Well, hey, he knows the mooch. So it can't be all bad. Then of course, I realized that I just I actually missed the whole things that says right here. Alex Maschioli is head of institutional services for Bequant digital asset prime broker. He's been really a decade in traditional financial markets before making the jump to crypto markets three years ago.  And I got to tell you, it was a beautifully written article, just from the first sentence, says here, banks can now offer cryptocurrency and digital asset cuss either clients. But what does this really mean? So great gets to the whole point of it right now. And he says the, as you know, the office of the OCC announced yesterday, that nationally charter banks in the US can now jumped into custodianship for cryptocurrencies. And he says here, some feel that banks are able to offer complementary digital asset services, which will bring in more investors, and maybe even a Bitcoin ETF on the flip side, other people will say, Hey, banks are going to audit and tax every penny, and they're going to actually seize your coins. And I got to tell you, that is the same sentiment that I got in the comment section after I talked to after actually, I just posted something in the community on YouTube about it. And that's what that it was like, like right in the middle, some people like this was great for mass adoption. But people like this is awful.  Listen, that's all true. The banks do suck. I mean, if you've been on my channel for any length of time, you know that I'm not a big fan of banks, I cannot understand why I can send an email to a friend in India, and it takes less than a minute to get there. But this just to send my funds to a manufacturer, two states over in Arizona, it takes four days sometimes, get out of here. This is the worst. It's just, it's just the worst rails that we actually have and banks they're in for a reckoning because they're awful and they're slow. Customer services is pitiful. And not all banks, I mean, some banks, I guess customer service is fine. But but for me, it's just awful. So Alex goes on and says, here's the thing, traditional financial institutions, banks included move slowly as a truth, they're still using Swift. Most make turtles look like they're in a hurry. So don't expect anyone to announce their brand new custody platform immediately, if at any time at all, meaning this might actually happen and they could just ignore it. But I don't think it's gonna happen. I'm gonna tell you why. Moving on, he states, according to a recent fidelity survey, only only about a third of all these firms even own any crypto. So there's two things I want to make mention here. And that is, if it was uncovered during the 2017 bull run, that parabolic bull run, where everything just went straight up, that one out of three firms owned cryptocurrencies, people would have lost their minds, you have to understand, back in 2017, we we hit like an $860 billion market cap somewhere around there. And that was on vapor that was on white papers and nothing. And if we would have heard that these types of firms were, you know, one out of three 33% actually own cryptocurrency, it would have been game over. I mean, it would have hit a trillion dollars easy, maybe multi trillions. But we just didn't have the infrastructure in place. Binance even shut down for a bit, they weren't taking new people, same thing with Coinbase. It was it was a pretty wild time. And I expect the parabolic bull run to happen, you know, next year. But that's the first thing. The second thing is, I just want to take a look at this actual survey, because I thought was interesting. This was actually from Fidelity Agile Assets, you don't know Fidelity. They have about six or $7 trillion assets under management. So Fidelity is a pretty big powerhouse. And this was actually 9th of June. They did a survey they said digital assets are getting in favorability and appeal amongst institutional investors, with almost 80% of investors surveyed finding something appealing about the asset class. Very important word here, asset class. Digital assets, cryptocurrencies are an asset class. This survey of almost 800 institutional investors across the US and Europe, about a third of respondents say they are currently invested in digital assets and six out of 10, with digital assets have a place in their investment portfolio. And I gotta tell you, as time moves on, and especially when this fake stock market starts to crumble because it's being held up by the Fed, once it starts to go down, and everything is people are running around going what the heck's going what's going on. These financial analysts, financial planners are going to start to hopefully before that actually happens, go to their cusp and say look, Pete, we know we got you heavy in these types of investments, but there's no new asset class. And it is so far the best performing asset class in the last decade called Bitcoin. And there's other different cryptocurrencies as we can get into. I think we can offset your portfolio a little bit. Let's take two to 5% and put it into this new asset class, which could offset everything else. And of course, this has been said numerous times for different places. So I think this is what's going to happen. However, let's jump back to the article. All right, moving down. So Alex States, the bulk of banks and other sophisticated players in the old school markets don't know much about our industry. And that's true. They just don't they just don't get it because it was just like the internet. People didn't understand the internet. I was around when it was, you know, coming about and look, everybody thought no one thought it would be this big, nobody. And no one thought it would actually get off the ground. We really thought that the government wasn't going to actually let the internet happen because there was so much power and information. But like there's no way they're going to let this happen. And hey, here we are. So these banks, they just don't get it. But once they figured out, you know, and my elevator pitches this, look, Bitcoin, digital assets, cryptocurrencies, just Bitcoin itself. Let's just let's just keep it simple. Bitcoin's digital gold. Yeah, just like gold, it's finite. It only has 21 million ever. You're going to keep finding gold. You can't find more Bitcoin. There's only 21 million unlike gold, which is doing pretty well, actually, you can send it to anyone in the world at any time. And it costs you almost nothing to actually send it when it first came out about a decade ago was about a nickel, maybe even a penny. And that's worth almost $10,000. And it is the best performing asset of all time. It has beat any stock, it has beat any equity, it has beaten any kind of precious metals, the S&P 500, the Dow, everything by a large margin. And it's why I'm heavily invested into it.  I think people actually get into it. But what do I know? Moving on. It says a significant share of crypto asset traders and investors may avoid them altogether and stick with crypto native firms. So this is the same sentiment I got. A lot of people in the comment section were like, I'm not going to use banks. I'm not going to use banks. And that's true. Like for the people that are here now, for you watching this, you're probably not going to use a bank. But guess what? Cryptocurrency little assets are for everybody. And some people are not only adopters and they don't have the time to mess around with it, or they don't want to learn it. They're lazy and they want to just make it easy. So we want to make this as easy as possible. If people can be comfortable using the banks, so much the better. So like my mom is not going to use an analyzer, okay? My stepdad's not going to do the same thing. He's not going to learn about it. However, if the bank's like, we'll do it for you. Then all of a sudden it's like, I don't get into it because it might be some gains here. And then that's it. So we want to get, we want to have a large tent. We want to have everybody under our tent. And if we have to make it simple, so much the better. You don't have to do it. I don't have to do it to use the banks. But the masses probably will. And that's how it is. Now, unfortunately, when the masses get here and as time moves on, we're not going to see as near as many gains as we've seen over the early time. So that's the greatest thing about being an early adopter, such as yourself.  For example, just this past May, Goldman Sachs said in a wildly publicized research note that cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, are not an asset class, which is hilarious because they are the best performing asset class over the last decade. Comments like those don't appear to be aging well. And to prove my point, I made a little video. It's called Bitcoin and Thrin Lead. This decade's return ROI over Amazon, Google and Netflix. And it goes over the last decade about the greatest performing assets over the last 10 years. We take a look here and it just seems like in January 2013, here it comes, here it comes, and then there it is. So Bitcoin is pretty much going to stay on top for a while all the way until Ethereum actually comes up and takes it over for a little bit and drops back down. So we can just see that all these types of stocks and everything else, these are, this is the investment of the decade so far. I don't know what's going to happen in the next 10 years, but I know where I put my money and I got a pretty good idea of where I think things are going to go. So if you got a chance, you can check that out, share with your friends, because this pretty much lays it out. Let me go forward a little bit. Yeah, Ethereum up there, then Bitcoin and everything else, then Nvidia, Netflix, all that stuff. And here we are. Anyhow, comments like those don't appear to be aging well and are important because they show the fundamental lack of experience and understanding of digital asset markets that at least some of these firms have. When former Coinbase chief legal officer Brian Brooks became the acting head of the OCC, has had announced he wanted banks to submit input on crypto rules and they all pretty much set it up and said, yeah, this is what we want to do. And that's why we have that addition right now. Additionally, now the National Charter of Banks can officially do business as a crypto custodian. This will legitimize digital assets to more people, both in the retail side and institutionally. And I wouldn't be surprised if we saw a jump in value for many of the more well known crypto assets over the coming days and weeks. And that was a pretty easy play, Alex. We know that it was going to jump up. I was surprised how much it did. I mean, 12%, 15% for a theory, not too bad for a day. Anyhow, to finish it all up, once all the headlines surrounding this announcement fade away, what will be left with? What will we live with? Probably not many new custodial entrants from this regulatory approval in the short term, but the bright hope that the onlookers will see the acknowledgement from our government that crypto is real, at least real enough for the house that Morgan or JPMorgan built to be allowed to do business with it. And he's talking about when JPMorgan allowed Coinbase to use settlements for cryptocurrencies to their banks. So that's that's what I see. Like, I don't know if banks are going to do it, if they're going to start to say, yeah, we'll do all that custodial ship. But at least it's out there. And I even have had a friend today who had never talked about cryptocurrencies. Hey, what's up this Bitcoin? I said, well, I don't know where it's going to go. But I can tell you the government pretty much just said that all the banks can be custodians for crypto. So what does that tell you? And I think we're only going to see better things and more things in the future. All right, let's move on. Next up, and this is a very quick article. So the EU leaders approved 2.1 trillion budget. US lawmakers are going to do another round of helicopter money for the coronavirus or COVID-19 relief money. And the only thing that means to me is that more people are going to dump money into the cryptocurrency market. This was from April 20th. If you don't know, CEO of Coinbase, Brian Armstrong shared a graph of user activity on the cryptocurrency exchange that indicated more transactions were being made of $1,200. So what's happening was for the stimulus package, if you're not in America, a lot of us got $1,200. Not all of us, but some of the majority got a lot of money or got a good amount of cash. And what they did with it was not buy groceries or pay for bills or anything else, went right to Coinbase. And they said, we want XYZ, whatever they bought. So I think once we see more of that happening, as far as like the stimulus package is going through, we're going to see an increase in cryptocurrency because people like to invest.  And then additionally, represented from Binance said they had the same thing regarding 1,200 transactions on Monday. So I didn't know that I didn't know was actually happening in Coinbase and Binance. But it makes total sense, you know, if a lot of people like Coinbase, I'm not a big fan. But yeah, a lot of people do use Coinbase and make sense. All right, that's all I want to say. Let's move on. Last up, my favorite story. Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, sues YouTube over the scam. So what's going on here? This suit that was brought by Woz, praised Twitter, first of all, for acting swiftly and decisively to shut down malicious accounts and protect its users from the scam. If you don't remember about a week ago, a lot of the big, huge Twitter accounts like President Obama, Elon Musk, you name them, they were all hacked and they all said the same thing. Hey, I want to give back and I'm giving you Bitcoin, send me one Bitcoin also on YouTube, Bitcoin or something ridiculous like that. But what was surprising to me was that only like, I think it was like like $120,000 was actually lost out of all those people. So at least it shows that, I guess on Twitter, that people were more savvy. So that's what happened. That's what's being brought forth by Woz and his legal team. What's going with YouTube? Well, it's our contrast for months now. Defendant YouTube has been unapologetically hosting, promoting and directly profiting from similar scams, the suit said. And not only that, but we did a story yesterday, response by the YouTube legal team to Ripple's lawsuit, which say they were doing the same thing with their CEO, Brad Garlinghouse, and they put in an official response that, Hey, we're not responsible for that. We know it's in our terms and conditions and we say that scams will not be allowed, but we're not responsible. So if that happens in our watch, well, hey, that's too bad. And that to me is concerning because it kind of tells, you know, singles of scammers like, Oh, do whatever you want, because we're not going to we're not going to regulate. And that's it. So I'm glad to see that somebody like Wozniak is really getting in the fight and maybe more. So let's let's keep reading. So the suit alleged that the image and likeness of other well-known entrepreneurs, including Gates, Elon Musk and Michael Dell were also being exploited in these scams. I'm going to ask you a question. Put the comments below. What do you think is going to happen when all these big names, let's say Bill Gates is like, you know what, I have this huge charity organization. I don't want my name dragged the mud. Elon Musk is like, Hey, I got enough problems in California. I don't want to have my name dragged the mud in my business. And all these different huge corporations and entities and people are like, Hey, I'm tired of being part of these scams on YouTube. I'm not even a part of it. They're just using my likeness.  What do you think is going to happen? Let me know the comment section. I have my ideas, but who knows? Anyhow, like I said in yesterday's video when we were talking about scams or whatnot, there's one thing when you just have somebody who makes a video and, you know, makes it a scam. You have another issue when it goes through Google AdWords. Somebody reviews it, whether that be a human or an AI or some type of apparatus that checks out to make sure that is legit. It goes through the whole process. They take the money for that advertisement. That advertisement goes out and people lose money on the platform. That's a totally different thing. And that's what it says in the sentence YouTube and Google took the further step of promoting and profiting from these scams by providing paid advertising that targeted users who are most likely to be harmed, the suit said. And it's not like YouTube is responsible for the scam. I know some of you think that YouTube is responsible for scams.  It would destroy the whole business. So I don't think they're doing that. I think they're negligent in how they're doing things. I'm sure they're doing the best they can, right? But I'm sure they can do more. I'm sure they can do more. We do our part, right? We report these scams and they're still up. So I don't understand that. But speaking of reporting, I need to show you something. And this is what we talked about yesterday. So I actually did two videos. One was about this scam. The other one was about how to fight back and how to take control when you get these ads, these scam ads that pop up before, during or after your video that you want to watch. So first up, I was perusing the internet, the YouTube's, and I was watching Digital Dave Crazy for Cryptos. You should check him out, good guy. And this ad came up, 100,000 get away. And we know it's a scam because it's like no one, if you send an ETH, we're going to give you a 10 ETH back. That's some, no one does that.  So my dilemma was, well, how do I report this? Because I can't downvote Digital Dave's video and then report Digital Dave for Crazy for Cryptos. That's not what I'm trying to do. I'm trying to report this and I couldn't do it.  So on a desktop computer, you can actually click on that. And of course, we want to make sure we're not screwing up Digital Dave's video. So we're going to click on the Vitalik Buterin scammer. And it's going to take us to the scammers layer where they actually host their video. Because I do Google AdWords for YouTube advertising. They have to, they have to upload their video to YouTube. You cannot host it externally. So it has to be there somewhere. And when I look at this, I'm like, what the heck is this? Foods that make no sense. I was just looking at a scam. What's this foods? Well, that, my friend is just a thumbnail because that is what they're trying to cause confusion. So I'm like, okay, I'm going to click on that. And what happens? Oh, there's the scam. And you can see, okay, it's the same thing. That's the video. And then the bottom left hand corner, you can see that this is actually the Vitalik Buterin video. This is not the digital Dave video. This is what I want to report, right? So I'm like, all right, what do I got to do? All I got to do is I want to do two things. I'm going to click on dislike, hit those three dots right there. And I want to report it. And that's it. So that's how you report ads on your desktop. I was having a real hard time with trying to figure out how I did this with on my mobile because I couldn't figure it out. But thankfully, somebody smarter than me, which is not hard, I might add. This is from bluggie, bluggie. And he sent me an email. And I just want to say a shout out to XRP Crypto Wolf and a fellow punch man, all the everybody who sends me information, I really appreciate it. But he said, Hey, I found a way to report a mobile.  So he said right here in the bottom left hand corner where it says add one of two on my mobile device, there's a little I right there. And if you click on and everything else doesn't work, right? These little three dots visit advertiser, that just takes you to the website.  It's going to say, All right. So what's wrong with this ad? What's the problem? And you can't say it's a scam or be really specific. But it's not that it's irrelevant to you that's repetitive, it's inappropriate. And that could be anything that could be from it as sexual nature, it is inappropriate because it deals with violence and something else, or it is a scam.  So it's like, it's super fast. You can do that in like five seconds. So now we know, I want to say thank you so much to, I'm going to say, Bluggie. Thanks for helping us out. So thank you. Let's go back to the article. And he had to finish up defendants failure to warn was willful malicious oppressive fraudulent and are reckless disregard of the plaintiff's rights, thereby entitling plaintiffs to punitive damages, the suit said, the suit demands a trial by jury on all issues, tribal and damages that include legal expenses and any gains, profits or advantages wrongfully obtained by defendants. So that to me is the catalyst. That right there is the catalyst of what's going to change YouTube and how they deal with these scams. Because if you start to hit a corporation in the pocketbook, all of a sudden they start to sit up and take notes like, wait, we can't lose money. We have shareholders. We can't report a shareholder who lost money. So what do you want us to do? Now, I'm not saying it's going to happen overnight. I'm saying the more this actually happens, it's already happened with ripple. Here's Wozniak. And I don't know who else going to get in the fray. But this is one of those fronts that YouTube has to deal with. There's also no class action lawsuit being brought forth by an Australian law firm, which we covered yesterday, or excuse me a couple of days ago. So they're fighting a lot of different lawsuits. I can tell you right this, I've been a lawsuit and they cheap.  And yeah, that's it for today's video. I want to just want to give some shout outs, just some random shout outs. If you don't know, there's a join now button underneath. It doesn't, I don't hold anything back. You don't get anything special. It's kind of like a tip. It's a buck 99. And then I just want to say thanks to everybody who's actually signed up. So recently, ether black Chuxie shift happens. That's pretty good. David Thank you. Felipe Cathcart. That's a good name. Rama flash. I think I said last time. Barry Belasco, I like that one. Theodore Leyva and George McNamara. So just random shout outs. I appreciate everybody. Thanks so much for signing up and watch the videos. And that's it. If you like these videos, you need two more is going to pop up on your left and right. Don't know what they are because YouTube does all that magic. And that's it. So thanks for watching. See you on the next one.


All right, are we good? I think we're good. All right, thank you guys for coming. Welcome. If I haven't met you yet, I'm Jonathan Lampell, and I work at CG Cookie as a Blender instructor. So today, I wanted to talk a little bit about lighting because it's my favorite subject when it comes to 3D. Definitely my favorite. And did anybody go to Glob's talk earlier this morning? That was fantastic. But one thing that, if you look online for tutorials about lighting or composition or anything like that, with those subjects, usually it goes in one of two directions. You either get super, super specific. This is how to do this exact thing. And it only works in that exact scenario. And you get super cookie cutter results. And it's just not that helpful, really. Or you get super abstract. And you're left wondering, how do I even apply this to everyday production? So my goal in this talk is to help bridge those two a little bit and share my workflow of how I go about lighting. And hopefully that's practical and helps you guys. So the first thing, before we go into lighting, a lot of the things that go into the decision-making process happen before you even open up Blender. So first, we're going to cover a few basics to how to approach this in the first place so that when we do get into Blender, then we can go and start making things right away. So the first thing I want everybody to remember is intentionally communicate. So the art that we make says something. So it either tells a story about us or it tells a story about the brand that we are communicating for. So the models, the textures, the lighting, all of it works together to say something. And if it's not all pointing in one direction, if your lighting says one thing, your model says something else, it just gets really confusing. So you need to make sure that you are intentionally communicating something throughout all of these aspects of your scene. So one thing I was thinking about when I was making this presentation is public speaking. I haven't really done a lot of public speaking, so I was worried, like, what if I get up here and I have something I really want to share that I think is super cool, but it doesn't come across right or I just can't find the right words to say it? And that's exactly what happens with lighting a lot of times is the lighting and the layout of our scene is like the presentation skills. So even if you have a super cool model, if you don't present it in a way that's clear and understandable upon first read, then a lot of that work is lost. So a quick example is we have this car render here and all it shows is it's a car. You know it's probably a really nice model, but there's nothing really special about it. It's not really saying anything other than, hey, I'm a car, I'm a Lamborghini, and it's red, that's pretty neat, and that's about it. So it gets a little boring, especially when you see hundreds of these a day. So it's much better to actually have a story or something that's a little bit more interesting and it says something about the work that you're doing and about the project itself. So everything when it comes to lighting, everything that you do, all the decisions that you make should be based around what it is that you're trying to communicate. So whether that's the color of the light, the strength of the light, where it's placed, the size of the shadows, all of that, if it doesn't serve to articulate what the point is of the render in the first place, then you should probably get rid of it and start over, and that'll save you a lot of time in the long run. So the second thing we need to get to is the idea of framework over formula. So we've all heard of three point lighting, I'm sure, and it's definitely something we've heard a lot about, and it's a really great framework that I use all the time, but it's a really boring formula, and what I mean by that is a formula is more of a step-by-step process of checking boxes, okay, I did this one thing, I did this other thing, I guess now I'm done, and you end up getting the same result over and over again, and you don't really know why you're doing what you're doing, but a framework is the underlying principles of what makes that important in the first place. So for three point lighting, we're familiar with key lights, fill lights, and back lights, and the key light highlights the form of the subject, the fill light softens by lighting the shadows, and the back light separates the foreground from the background. But when I'm talking about viewing things as a framework instead of a formula, we're not really thinking about having three lights in the scene, and this one is this specific light, we're thinking more about what those lights are supposed to do. So as long as we're thinking in terms of highlighting, softening, and separating, then we have a much better way to approach things and making sure that instead of having these three lights need to go in these three areas, you're looking at your under as a whole and saying, okay, this is where I need to separate the foreground from the background, this is how I'm going to go about it. So that's definitely helpful. So a way that, you know, a practical example of this is this office chair. So the model was actually off of a blend swap by E-Mirage, but let's pretend this is for a advertisement. And you know, this is the basic three point lighting setup, it's effectively lighting the chair, we can see it, so there are lights, but it's not really saying anything other than that. So this is the three point formula, you set it up, you're done, that's all. But if you take the three point framework and instead look at where the highlights are and where the shadows need to be softened and where things need to pop off, you don't really care about how many lights you're using or specifically where they are, but you get a much better result because you're focusing on the things that actually matter. Now, so this is better than the first result, but you'll notice that I didn't apply the first principle. I'm not intentionally communicating anything. And the way you generally, or at least the way I like to do that is with textures and colors. So if you're in a production environment and you have a tight deadline, you don't really have time to fiddle around with colors and see, you know, what works and what does this one mean when contrast to that one, you know, that would take forever. So one thing that I have is a book called The Complete Color Harmony. And I knew for this project that, you know, if you want to buy a chair, what are you looking for? Well, you're looking for, is it, you know, dependable? Can I sit on it and it won't break and is it comfortable? That's all a chair really has to do, is be comfortable and not break. So I looked for colors that in this book, so this book is just a whole bunch of colors and they're all organized by different, either like cultural significances or meanings or color schemes, so every possible thing you can think of, there's groups of colors for it in this book. So I looked up dependability and that was like yellows and reds and browns and I looked up, let's see, what was the other one? It was classy, it was like lots of blues and grays and I forgot what the other one was, but it had to do with yellows and such. So I just took those, I didn't even think about it, I just looked it up in the book and plugged those straight in and it got a much better result. So I also added like a little barn doors texture, but so you're getting a much better result because you're taking the colors of things that actually mean something and plugging them in instead of just going with the same black and white. So if you can help it, defaults to using colors don't use white lights unless, you know, that's something that you're specifically trying to communicate, just stay away from it and try not to use black shadows and that'll help you go a lot longer, a lot farther in the process. So another example of a framework instead of a formula, so we've all heard of three-point lighting, but one thing that I found super helpful is this framework for adding depth to a scene.   So let's take a look at how we can add depth to a scene fairly easily and this is something that you can apply today. So this is a cube on the screen, but it doesn't really look like a cube because it's completely flat. There's no lighting information and so we can therefore say that by adding light to the scene, that's what adds depth and more specifically, the change of light from one face to another is what creates the illusion of depth because it's not an actual 3D object that's poking out of the screen, it's just the illusion of depth. So we can say that the change of light creates the illusion of depth and so once we have that, we can turn that up a notch. Instead of saying the change of light from one face to another, you can say the change of light across the face is what creates depth as well as from one face to another. So by adding gradients to the surfaces of your objects, that's going to give you even more depth. But of course there's more things that we can change across the face and that is also color. So this is what traditional artists call a hue shift or a color shift and that's just making sure that you're changing the hue of the color along the face as well as the value. So I don't know if that shows up well on the projector screen or not, but if you compare that to the one above it to the left, it's definitely a much better result and it's popping out and you're giving definition. So of course you want those colors to at least communicate something. So I was looking for an example of a render and Chris Kuhn let me borrow one of his scenes. So he modeled this and put it on CG Cookie and I thought it was a lot of really cool modeling with the robots and stuff, but the lighting is very flat. And so I asked him if I could borrow the scene and just tweak it briefly and he agreed. So just by applying those frameworks, very quickly we're able to get a much different result and when we're focusing on gradients over the surfaces of the objects that we're trying to attract attention to and communicating something in this case, focus and work and that type of theme, then we're definitely getting a better result. So you can also definitely take a look, focus on the face as I like flip between these two. So they're definitely communicating two completely different things. The first one is kind of like I hate my life, what am I doing? But the second one more accurately portrays the concentration I'm trying to do something, don't bother me. So I think that works a little bit better and so by making sure that your lighting is communicating the same thing as the modeling and the layout, then you can get a much better result. So let's jump into Blender and show how this works. All right, so I have this chair example that I used earlier. There we go, this laptop isn't super powerful so it might take some time. But over here on the left side of the screen I generally just have a render preview so I can be looking through things all at once. I have some nodes over on the bottom and just since I'm using a laptop and don't have a number pad, I switched to quad view so I can easily rotate all of these lights at once. So a couple of things that we can do to make this better for lighting quickly. One thing that I do is go to the layers panel and under material you can add a material override for all of the materials in your scene. And this is super helpful because I can just take a clay material and apply it there and then in the viewport render if I go over to this right side and click render layer then I'm just seeing this as just the clay material and so I can more accurately see the gradients across the surface of the object and I can more accurately see the colors that are being applied. And if I need to switch between the two you can just toggle this and it's a much faster workflow. Second thing is over here on this right side if you have a really complex scene it can be very difficult to hide lights and find them again. So I just switch this from visible layers to same types and that way if I just select one light I can see all of the other lights in the scene right here and I don't have to worry about all of the other mess of objects. So I'm going to delete all of these lights and we can start over. So right now we're just seeing the chair lit by the environment but the thing that we need to do is well I guess I'll show this first. So if we add a light let's go to lamp and I like to use area lights. So let's take that and we can start positioning this and playing with it. But you'll notice as we place this we can't see things as clearly as we should be able to. So I turn off everything except the light that we're working on. So in this case the background needs to be gone and that way with just the one light we can see very clearly exactly what it's doing because if it's muddled up by a bunch of other lights then it's very difficult to actually figure out what it is that it's doing. So if we just place this somewhere where it's getting the most amount of gradient across this top over here. We can see if we place it too close then it's starting to look flat again so we just want to make sure that we have a lot of gradient over those little bumps over there and this is going to be our main light. So if you're doing the three point formula you'd say okay this is my key light now I have to fill in with a fill light. But since we're not really thinking about that we're thinking about gradients across the surface of the object and we're thinking about highlighting the things that we need to highlight we're definitely not done because you can see this part of the chair over here is completely flat from left to right and also this bottom part of the chair also just doesn't have any gradients across it so it's going to look flat and uninteresting. So we can just take this light and duplicate it down and place it very specifically so that it lights exactly that backrest lumbar support thing. So it's definitely adding too much of a shadow so let's take this and increase the size to something where it's not being an issue and probably turn the strength down a little bit. So once we have that then we now have a gradient over there and we can do the same thing for this bottom part right here. So now we have our fill lights because now we can see that it's accurately doing what our key lights are supposed to do. So we're creating gradients and we are making sure that the chair is highlighted. So now we can fill in the lights and I'll duplicate this over and for this one we can see that the things that need to be filled is this right side of the chair but instead of trying to fill it like it is because we're not seeing exactly what the light's doing if we're looking at all of these other things as well we can't really see it clearly so let's go ahead and turn all of these off but we have the render layer on so we need to turn off the cameras instead and now we can just look at one thing at a time. So again, we're continuing to look at gradients and in this case from the top to the bottom and then we also need to fill in this area down here on the bottom so let's duplicate that again and this is so much of a tedious process but it doesn't really take any extra brain power I'm just doing the same things over and over again however, you need to be consciously aware of this but it's certainly much better than just adding whatever formula you have so let's take that and we can call that good and make our back lights so then we can move on to a different example then let's take this and duplicate it one more time turn off the other ones so that we're just looking, there we go so we're just looking at that one and so we're just doing the exact same thing for this light but we're focusing on how it's popping it off of the background and making sure that we have the gradient from the top to the bottom we can also do that for this arm rest over here and if you need to focus something so that you can see that maybe we don't want it over here on this side of the chair since we already have the key light there then we can just change this to a spot lamp and direct it there and not worry about any of the other parts of the scene all right, this is definitely really small but that's okay all right so we have all of our lights and if we look at them all at once, like so we are definitely getting a much better result than the three point lighting that was on that layer so you can see there's a pretty big difference between the two again it's just the idea of making sure that you're going back to the original intent of what is this light trying to accomplish and making sure that every single light has a purpose for that so I hope, I don't know that was somewhat of a boring example because you're just doing the same thing over and over again but that is lighting and you're just making sure that each light has its own job so with that I think I have, yeah I have one more example yes, okay so here's a room and this is a different technique that is good to use and that is exaggeration so a lot of the time if you're working with like interior architecture does anybody here do interior design or architectural visualization much? Okay, a few people so hopefully this is helpful so a lot of the time you'll notice that in cycles it takes a really long time for the noise to clear, right? That's probably one of the largest issues so I took a technique out of like super old school Pixar and the way that they light things is they don't rely on the bounces that's something that I mentioned earlier is you don't want to rely on cycles to do all of the work and hope that it's realistic so what we're going to do is instead set up simple lighting for this room and make sure that it looks good without too many bounces so let's go to rendered view okay, so the first thing when you're setting up lighting like this is we can go ahead and in the render and light paths turn everything to zero so it's pretty much just like blender internal and now what we're going to do is fake all of the bounce lighting that cycles had for us so if we take that we can say that okay so we're going to have this spot on the ground that's going to be bouncing light back on to the rest of the room so we can add another light can increase the size so it's about the same size as the spot on the floor I'll see if that would make it easier to see and then rotate it so that it's bouncing up into the room move it down so we're just sort of approximating what the bounce is and then exaggerating it a little bit so of course it's going to lose some of that light as it scatters around but now we're getting a little bit more light in the room from that same effect and another thing that we can do to sort of fake the light that's coming in through the window because you know that's if it's not bouncing around then we're not getting that sort of soft glow that you usually get in interiors so we can duplicate that light and put it over the window and instead just sort of fake the atmosphere as it comes in so since we can't really see very clearly what this light is doing again we need to hide the other ones so we're just looking at one at a time so when we place this over the window and increase the strength we now have somewhat of the effect of the atmosphere coming in so with just these three examples you know you can definitely go crazy with this I've seen some setups where it's like they have a light on like every wall and even the left side that used to fake global illumination so that's they would put a light for every color that was bouncing off and it gets crazy so you could do that but we're not going to we're just going to take this and add some color to it so say the sun is a little bit yellow but the atmosphere is not yellow so we can make that a little bit bluish actually now that'll be more of a tan and then maybe as it bounces off then we start getting a different color so as long as they're not all the same color and they're sort of working together actually you know it would probably look pretty cool to make this more of like a sunset-ish atmosphere okay so we have that and now that we have this looking you know somewhat okay with just these this is one bounce and then we can go ahead and turn this back up and then when you do that you don't really have to render quite as much and your scene is going to clear up way faster than if you just cranked up the bounces and turned on the one light and added an HDRI this is going to save you quite some time so that went pretty fast but that's what I have is there any questions? I hope that was helpful did you learn something from that? okay cool yes mostly just because it breaks the habit of doing that and it's just something a lot of painters do and so they make sure that they get the colors of the surrounding objects in there right so I guess in this case yeah that's a good point in this case when it comes to 3D like you can't really I mean you can control the color of your shadow through the I forgot what it's called but in like the world settings but generally I just change it a little bit with color grading at the end but yeah as long as it's you can't have it black but it just kind of kills the overall feel that you're going for generally okay that's good to know okay so VFX but yeah if you okay make sense point taken all right okay so sort of like you would take you know an HDR photo and then increase it later very cool oh world I do use I like to use HDRs quite often but the reason I didn't really talk about that here is because a lot of people like they just put in an HDR and then it's it's done but if you if you take that and use that as you know some some fill or like reflection sources or as long as you're making sure that you're you're rotating in a way where you're getting the most amount of gradient across the surface of the object then it's good but other than that I don't really mess with that too much as long as it compliments the the lighting no I don't generally change that but that would be one way to get the get the shadows to be a different color but usually I fill it in so instead of changing the actual shadows fill it in with a light source of a different color that's just a little bit more subtle so it's not there's still a little bit of light in there does that answer the question oh yeah yeah well I like to have the background at least at least when I'm starting out being completely black because that way we can see the the color of the light more accurately um no I I definitely use it for interiors architecture and things like that um but if you do this technique of you know creating the bounce light yourself and sort of exaggerating it a little bit then uh usually then I don't because that has the same effect but it's a little bit more tweakable more customizable cool are we good all right thanks thank you


This paper presents a novel approach to understanding how individual patients will respond to certain treatments by creating patient-derived organoid models, PDOs. These models are derived from patient tumor tissues and are able to accurately replicate the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the original tumors. This allows researchers to test different drugs on the models to determine which ones are most likely to be effective against the patient's specific type of cancer. By using these models, researchers hope to better understand how each patient's tumor responds to various treatments, allowing them to tailor treatments more effectively. This article was authored by Xingfeng He, Xingfeng He, Yan Zhang, and others.


What's up guys, Michael with Jaspy's doing a quick recap for 2023 tops chrome breakers delight 4 box break pick your team number four It's done on Fnatic's live. Here's the list positive you need to and Quick recap here. It's kind of funny Gunner Cossus Brett Beatty to 2.99 Torkelson youth quick to 99 Nice Harper there We had a Ryan Nelson at 2.99 during young tow bar to 4.99 mark Vientos to 150 Look in a hoppy to 99 Tommy Henry Hayden, West Nessie mini diamonds auto Got a gold youth quake of Jeremy Pena bow nailer refractor auto Brett Beatty mini diamonds auto and A orange Tristan Cossus youth quake to 25. So that does it for the recap. Thank you to everyone who got in Thank you guys for watching and I'll see you guys in the next one. Bye guys


The M4 is the key artery for the economy of South Wales. Without the M4, the economy simply wouldn't be able to grow or prosper. So it's essential that we make sure that maintenance is carried out when it's required and where it's required. Maintaining the M4 is essential to Wales and the UK economy. The Brynglas tunnels in Newport were built 50 years ago but are no longer compliant with current design standards. Further deterioration was caused by a fire in 2011 which caused significant damage to the structure. On the 20th of July 2016, work began to bring the Brynglas tunnels back up to European standards. These are mechanical and electrical repairs. It's a 40 million pound program to make sure that the M4 can run smoothly through the Brynglas tunnels. We know that there was a fire here in 2011. This work will remedy and rectify all of the damage that was caused by the fire. The project is to replace concreted panels on the lower levels which will protect the vehicles if they have impact to the side of the tunnel. We replace all the mechanical and electrical fittings and the lighting inside the tunnel. It stores some additional emergency protection measures with PA systems, fire sensors, heat sensors and put a new water meaning to allow the fire brigade to fight fires if there are any fires in the tunnel in the future. It's absolutely essential as well for investors to be able to see that Wales is open for business and I think demonstrating that by making sure that the Brynglas tunnels has the investment that it requires is very important. We're working on the US bridge in the days. We're working on Malpas Viaduct and we're going to put some cathodic protection elements in there and we're working within the Brynglas tunnels and on the night shift to minimise the disruption on the travelling particular. These closures will take place four nights a week from 8pm till 6am. This includes a limited number of short weekend closures. The Usk River Bridge and Malpas Viaduct needs essential maintenance. We need access under the Riverusk Bridge to tackle the joints, the hinge joints and expansion joints that need repair. Part of the work that we've undertaken under the bridge will involve hydrodemolition which is high water pressure demolition of the existing hinge joints. In order to do that we need to contain the water. It needs to go under extreme water containment to stop any pollution entering the Riverusk. We then contain the water and we'll pump the water then from the scaffold onto the riverbank where it will be treated before discharged to the sewage system. We have about 92% staff here from the local area. We're investing in our young engineers. We have an apprentice programme here where we currently employ two apprentices. We have two graduates, two undergraduates as well. Once completed, the tunnel, the bridge and the viaduct will be back up to standard and will continue to be effective and resilient. We're on track to see completion in spring of 2018 but there will be points at which the road works actually cease. So for example during the Six Nations and the Champions League final and other major events. So we're trying to keep disruption to an absolute minimum but this is essential work and it will help the economy and it will help communities in South Wales in the long run.


I just can't stop going to school. My name is Satna Sukhishan and I am a student in the Doctorate of Chiropractic Program as well as the Doctorate of Architecture and Chinese Herbal Medicine Program. My family immigrated here when I was just six years old and it was my parents and my younger sister. Whenever anyone would ask me what I wanted to be when I grew up when I was younger, my answer has always been a doctor and I'm so so so grateful that I'm reaching these goals that I set before I even knew what they really were. I chose SU for a number of reasons. The really decisive factor was the integrative model that the school has in encompassing different types of viewpoints, perspectives or education that combines as a whole to treat a patient. The main thing that kind of draws me into chiropractic most is because of the approach and the relationship that the doctor and patient are able to establish. I would be able to spend that one-on-one patient time where I'm paying attention to what my patient is telling me, where I'm looking at different factors and I'm listening and I see them as a person and I want to treat them as a person. I think that the most important thing that's like fueling me forward and doing both programs together, although they're completely different, they can definitely be used jointly unintended to help the patients. I have very cliche advice for anyone who's interested in doing both programs together. A, to be very organized, knowing how to categorize what you're going to tackle and what you're going to take care of. That week, that month, that term is very important and I think that the second thing is absolutely loving what you're doing. There is a lot of actual work to be done and if you're doing all of that with all the love and you're thinking about how you're going to be using each aspect of that day in the future for your future patients and treating them and giving them the best possible care, then you got it. You're going to do great in doing both programs.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards, ripping 22 panini limited football hobby 14 box full case break number four. Random division style. We got our eight participants or our random results right here. As always, you can find these on the website under the results tab, as well as the link and chat. Good luck. Here we go. No recap on this one again guys. We are noticeably behind, so. Yes, actually we are. What would you, would you pull or would you buy on drip Tony? AFC North Jamar Chase 41 to 49. Stadium swatch signatures. Sam Allinger to 125. Box this Damian club. Nice. How'd you do? Anything big? Cleal Shakir to 75. AFC East by way of the bills on the rookie order. Herbie there. Skymore AFC West 12 of 75. Three colored RPA. Congrats on that, Greg. Congrats to everybody or everybody. Congrats, Donnie for winning steamer of the month. I didn't earn that title. It was put up on there when James AFC West to 99. Coby Myers to 99. AFC East. That's pretty solid. Yeah, we had a decent amount of tickets today. 75 is Jalen Tolbert for the NFC East. Oh, it is fun to watch. I really, I really like stadium club chrome this year. I think we have what? Yeah, like you said, three pickets so far. Yeah. Redemption is going to be John Lynch, Ring of Honor autographs. Let me take a look. It's up, John. Let me take a look really quick, because he does have two in this. So this is Ring of Honor card number eight. That is the Buccaneers. John Lynch, that'll go NFC South. NFC South. Two Ring of Honor Autos. Brian Cook, if it wasn't confusing enough already. I agree, Donnie. They look fantastic this year. Big fan of stadium club chrome. Yeah, another souvenir. There's your birthday present. Right. Yeah, it's been pretty solid overall, John. Yeah. Put these on. These are really new car reflectors. Oh, five of 25. Desmond Ritter, three-colored RPA for the NFC South. There you go, Joel. A lot of Ritters coming out of here today. I love it. Love it. Love it. Love it. There's Keontae Ingram, NFC West to 10. Angela Malone, Rookie. CPAP, Josh Allen. There's Zmira White, AFC West. Trent McDuffie, Limited Edition, Rookie. Russell Wilson, a 99. Nice. John Mechie, AFC South, three-colored RPA. Nice one there for Zach. Nice one there, Zach. Congrats, buddy. AFC South. Base, base, and base. There's Limitless, Russell Wilson to go to the AFC West to 75. Cortland Sutton to 10. Russ and Burrow. Amon Ross St. Brown, NFC North. Nice one there. Going to Tony. There you go, Tony. Rookie, Cam Jergens. Erica Zucanma to 75. AFC East. Nice one there, Felix. Congrats, Felix. I love 10. Eli Manning going to the NFC East. Felix again. Felix picking up a couple of divisions, paying off. Nice on-card. Eli, Jalen Waddle, base, and base. The air movie. There's Aaron Rodgers, NFC North. Playoff brilliance. There you go again, Tony. Base and base. Oh no, that was a... Terry McLauren to 99. My mistake there. Two Judge Autos instead of those Wanderers earlier. I wish, John. They've been awesome, dude. Kittle, Kyle Hamilton to AFC North. Rookie Jersey to 99. Dach, a limited edition. Sam Allinger to 125. There's Samari Torre, NFC North. There you go again, Tony. Nice one there, buddy, to 99. Had a void. And upside down, Brandon. Oops. Nice. Kenny Pickett, 22 of 99. AFC North. There you go, Felix. Congrats, buddy. Got a lot of that mojo toward the end of the night here. Let's go, man. Nice KP coming your way to the fall of their GP. Skymore, AFC West, 20 of 49. Three-color patch. Kyler Murray to 125. Got a Traylon Birx, three out of 25 for the AFC South. There you go, Zach. Nice one there again, buddy. Traylon Birx, Traybob. There's for the Saints, Joe Horn, 24 of 25. NFC South, Joel B. Nice on-card membership auto. Cam Hayward. Hey, Wagner Birx, 25. I don't think so. Membership, Daniel Carlson, the NFC West, 15 of 25. By way of the Raiders, very cool. I'm all in on Joe Horn Autos and products. Alec Pierce, 19 of 75. AFC South. Michael Thomas to 125. Taekwondo in 16 of 99. Four-color RPA, AFC East. Nice one there. Can't wait to deal with Spectrum tomorrow morning. It's already so over-owning. I like renting a house already. Zach Thomas, 52 of 99. AFC East, nice one there. Luicine Cook and Javonsae. Dynamic Duos. Jay Jedis, Kirk Cousins. Kirk O'Chains. DJ More to 49. That is NFC North, by the way. There you go again, Tony. We've got Traylon Birx, 19 of 99. AFC South. There you go again, Zach. RPA, 19 of 99. Not too bad, Tony. Nice little pile of stuff coming your way so far. Is Deontay Johnson to 99. AFC North. Marcus Mariota to 49. Redemption. Jaylin Hertz, Team Trademark Signature Materials. Nice one there. NFC East. Where's Hertz? It'll be the 25. Very nice. NFC East, congrats on that. Mike Woods, rookie. It is Tyquan Thornton, 299. Again, three-colored RPA. Very nice. AFC East. Now we got to get you a Purdy or something. Purdy or a nice canine. Let's see it, Chris. Let's see it. Skymore, 21 of 99. RPA for the AFC West. Meek Mills. Treson Abner to 75. Tony again, NFC North. Rookie Otto. Skymore again to 125. AFC West. Jerry Judy, AFC West to 125. Bass and bass. Three to go. Dynamic Duos. Dante Colpepper, Chris Carter, NFC North. Coral Patterson to 125. Got a Trent McDuffie to 49. AFC West. Marcus Mariota. We've got a Jaylin Tolbert, 14 of 99. Two-colored RPA for the NFC East. That's going to be Derek Carr, AFC West to 99. Limitless. Najiharis to 125. Redemption. Jaylin Hertz, Game Day Aesthetics. Going again to the NFC East. Two Jaylin Hertz. Nice. Very nice. Aesthetics. Hertz is to 25. Hertz Bass is to 25. Very nice. Hassan Haskins, 14 out of 25. Nasty patch on that RPA. Nice one there for the AFC South. And last box of the night, everybody. Good luck. That's nasty. Matt Corral, 10 of 25. Three-colored RPA for the NFC South. Nice one there. Matt Corral. Golden Corral. What's up? Yeah, you're going to see that. Montrell Washington, four of 99. AFC West. Rookie Brock Purdy. Nice one there. The Jarvis and Landry. Thays Desmond Ritter, 14 out of 75. NFC South. Also got Terry McLaurin, 5 of 10. Dak and Kyle Pitts. That'll do it for the break, guys. Thanks again for getting this filled up. I really do appreciate it. Got nothing next.


everyone, thanks for coming. As Josh said, our session is called From Them to Us, Demystifying Drupal Contribution. I'll just give you a quick overview. So Lee and I are going to each talk a little bit about how we started contributing and then how we ended up joining the Committer team. I'm going to go through a little bit about who contributes to Drupal. Lee's going to talk about how you can get started on your contribution journey or if you've already started how to progress it. And then we hope you have some questions at the end. My name is Pam. I'm the CTO of Technocrat, which is a remote Drupal agency primarily based in Australia. And I'm also currently the core Committer team facilitator, which means I help with meetings, release notes, and other coordination tasks. I've been contributing to Drupal since 2012. And my first core patch was in 2013. And it was actually also the first Drupal core issue that I created. So I think I probably nervously followed all the instructions. And I created an issue for this visual regression that I saw. There was just a text contrast issue with the shortcut links. And up to that point, I had been involved in going to meetups. And I had been to many conferences and had done a little bit of organizing. But I hadn't ever really made a Drupal.org contribution. So I created the ticket. And I thought that was the end. I was very proud of myself. And then Mike Gifford, who is a longtime Drupal well-known contributor. He's the accessibility maintainer, replied to my issue saying, yeah, it looks great. Can you roll a patch? And I thought, oh, hadn't planned on rolling a patch. But I know how to write CSS. So I'll give it a go. And I think probably with a lot of encouragement and assistance from Lee, who I was working with at the time. So I'd never actually done a patch at all in Drupal let alone anywhere. So I had a go. In the end, I actually created four patches because there were a few problems. So for one thing, I didn't know about right to left styles. So I had to redo it for that. And there was just some general feedback about CSS in core. Not only did I learn a bit about that, but I also learned that there was no such thing as a simple CSS patch in core. And then within a month, this issue was committed by Angie. And I found this comment. Just to be really super encouraging, this whole experience was really positive for me. Because not only did I start off thinking my contribution was minor, and I was going to create the issue, in the end, I actually fixed the issue. And this really felt like a transition to me. I felt really welcome. And it really made me feel like part of the community. So even from Mike, who didn't know me, had no idea who I was, just to say, hey, can you roll a patch? That was a huge motivation for me, because I think otherwise I probably would have been too shy or too nervous. But he didn't know who I was. He said, all right, yeah, can you write a patch? And I was like, yeah, OK, sure. So my path from that first patch to joining the Committer team was kind of long and winding, which you'll see later at least is a bit more sort of linear. I started attending Sydney Meetups in late 2011 and connected with agencies. I started working at Previousnext in 2012, which encouraged me to contribute. And they funded a lot of that contribution. I attended a lot of conferences, did some conference organizing, spoke at conferences, and attended Drupal cons in the US and Europe as well, which was great, because I met a lot of contributors from around the world. And that was a really important part of the contribution journey for me, because not only did I make connections that kind of maintained over the years, but just kind of became someone who was known in the community for volunteering. So I did contribution sprint mentoring. I helped organize a Drupal camp in New York City. All these different kinds of things led me to meet people and pursue opportunities that I wouldn't have otherwise had. I took some time off from working in general. And then when I came back, I started getting back into Drupal. And at the same time, they were looking for a Committer Team Facilitator, which was a new role that they were kind of trialing. And they invited me to join. Just to quick note, as well, we're looking for more facilitators. We would love to have more than one, but so far, we've been sort of unsuccessful in recruiting. So then just since 2019, I've been doing the core Committer Facilitator. And then I've also gotten involved in the Bug Smash Initiative, which I'll talk a little bit about. And one thing I'll talk about later, one thing I just want to highlight as well is that most of my contributions to date are not coding. So where Lee's path is very much centered around development and coding, mine is pretty much on the edges of that. So now I'm just going to hand over to Lee to talk about his journey. Hi, everyone. So yeah, I'm Lee Rollins. You can find me as LA Rollins on most places on the internet. And my current role in the project is core Framework Manager. And my first core patch was to do with theming. So as you would know, you get a page that was tpl.php in the day. And for every pattern in the path, it would make a new theme suggestion, so page dash dash node. And it was broken if your path had a hyphen in it. And so that was my first patch. And it was the same sort of experience as Pam. A lot of encouragement from people. I had to write a test to go with it, never written a test. And the community sort of encouraged me to do that. And my contribution path actually came to Drupal from UberCart. I had an account on the UberCart site for 15 weeks before I joined the Drupal site. And my journey into contribution was through UberCart. So I was the maintainer of the UC hotel module. Anyone ever use that? That was one. I was expecting that to be zero.  And it was much easier to get involved at that point. So I started adding more modules, and most of them was to do with UberCart. And then I started to drift towards the core issue queue, mostly as a lurker to start with. So I would follow a lot of issues and sort of watch the dynamics between contributors. And it did seem to me like this far off sphere that I was outside the bubble. I wasn't part of that. And they were kind of like, I thought there was an elite group of developers, for example. So I started contributing a few fixes for Drupal 7, things like the one I saw before. And one day I saw an issue, which was a call to action, which was make core maintainable. So this QR code is the link to the issue. But it was effectively a cry for help from Drupal Core developers at the time. Drupal 7 had just come out. There were thousands of bugs. There were modules that had kind of been added to core and no one was supporting them, like shortcut overlay toolbar, if anyone remembers any of these modules. And so I thought, well, I use Drupal. I kind of know what I'm doing. And it's part of my income source. So I'll go and put my hand up. And this is a blog post from Chicks, who's a longtime Drupal contributor, wrote the form API. He said, yesterday I saw this guy on IRC. He said, he'd look after the forum module. And so I opened an issue for it. And again, Angie was the person to commit that. Awesome. It was a very, very welcoming experience. And I think the thing to note here is that I wasn't asked to do this. There was no, you must pass these five tests to be admitted type thing. It was like, thank you. We'd love to help welcome aboard. So I think, as with Pam said before, that it's a very welcoming experience. And the impression that I had originally that was this wall garden was completely, completely wrong. So from that point, I got involved in a lot of Drupal 8 initiatives. I learned a lot along the way. And I kept writing patches. For 2 and 1 half years, I did one patch a day just to try and help get Drupal 8 out. That was the sort of thing I started. And I learned a lot. And fast forward six years, I got an email from Dries and said, hey, would you like to be a core main committer? And obviously the first, my first reaction was very much imposter syndrome. I didn't think that I was up to that, but I thought I'd be mad to say no to that. And so I was brought on as a provisional committer, which meant you can only commit to the unreleased branch. So for example, that would be 10.2 in the current site. And yeah, that was very welcome again. And after 12 months, I was promoted to a full committer. Yeah, so I think I'm gonna pass back to Pam now. So there are two reasons that I really wanted to do this session. The first is just to show how it all happens. So as Lee said, he just did a lot. He volunteered for stuff. And then eventually he got an email from Dries inviting him to be a core committer. And the second reason was just to gently nudge the conversation around core development and the release cycle away from the mentality that Lee alluded to earlier of there's this group of they that the core developers who are separate to me, I have no link to them whatsoever. They're making decisions that I don't understand and just kind of scoffing. You say things like, oh yeah, of course that bug's been open for 10 years, it's Drupal. There's no docs. The docs are terrible in Drupal, or that's probably not gonna happen because it's Drupal. And I'd really just like to reframe the thinking around this. Because really Drupal is just the output of a very large group of people who are mostly volunteering their time. So it's really good I think to keep this in mind when you're making generalizations or complaining about stuff. If you are here, you are a user of Drupal and so you are a part of the us in some way or another. There's a blog post that Jess, one of the core committers wrote about this which is linked in the QR code there.  Someone probably spent a lot of time on that. So just some things to think about. And just quickly going through kind of who the people are that contribute, there are sort of different types. So there are contributors, which is just anybody, pretty much anybody who participates in an issue. So creating it, testing it, triaging, writing a patch, whatever it is, there are thousands of these in any given year. I think upwards of nearly 4,000 people contributed to Drupal 8. There's no gate for this one, so anyone can do it. All you have to do is create a Drupal.org account and again, create an issue, comment on an issue, whatever it is. Then there are maintainers and there are a few dozen of these, probably less than 100. These are people who've put their hand up to oversee a particular part of core or a subsystem and they're generally a subject matter expert. So as Lee said before, he did that for the forum module originally. That's how he kind of made a jump in his contribution. They review issues. They make decisions about these subsystems but they ultimately, they don't commit. So the committers are then the sort of last group which are, there are about 18 on the core committer team now and they have right access to the code and they're the sort of final gatekeepers. So most of them are unpaid, at least partially. So some of them are paid full-time, some of them are paid part-time, but a lot of the time that they do is volunteer and Lee's company does provide a contribution time but I know that a lot of the time that he does spend is in his own time, he's not getting paid for that. And also most of the things that these guys end up doing is review, which is not that much fun and I think in many cases they wish they were able to write more code but that's sort of the thankless job of a committer. And I also just want to say to kind of call out as I mentioned, Lee's company, Previousnextus, pay for some of his time. They also fund another core committer, Vicky Spagnolo, who's quietoneondruple.org and other companies like Acquia that are actually spending money on this and it's really important, I think, to call that out because I don't think that the Drupal release cycle would be what it is as reliable and as robust as it is without those companies paying for it. So just some quick stats from Drupal 8. 3,750 contributors. So there's a big group of contributors. I mean, that's actually a drop in the bucket when you think about how many people are using Drupal so that number actually seems small to me now in hindsight. And then 270 of those people worked on more than 20 issues so that's 7% of which Lee and I are in that group and then 128 worked on more than 50 and that would be certainly 3% inclusively but I don't think me. So yeah, I mean, we consider ourselves part of the us for sure, we contribute in different ways and our contributions vary greatly depending on what's happening in our lives so as I said, I took a year off from work in general where I did absolutely nothing and then I came back and I was like, hey, I'm back, what can I do? And that's totally fine, you know, there's nobody that's gonna be sending you an email saying, oh, what's going on?  You know, you don't have someone breathing down your neck because there is definitely a very, very healthy respect for the fact that you're volunteering your time so there's really no sort of set expectation. And I also just wanna call out that there actually is a lot that one person can do so just really quickly an initiative is kind of a, it's just a loose term that we use to describe like a targeted attempt to achieve some goal whether it's adding a new system and core or a new feature or the one that Lee proposed back in 2020 about three years ago, Lee proposed this initiative called Bug Smash which was really just an attempt to get the number of open bugs in Drupal core down from what it was which was very, very high. So he noticed that in the list of patches for core and his composer files was just getting longer and longer and you know, every time there's a re-roll you have to update your build scale and all that kind of stuff. So he just thought there's gotta be a better way and he also figured that bugs are easier to review because they're quite clear and contained whereas a feature could go round and round and round and the scope is kind of unclear. Bugs are kind of a little bit more concise. So Lee started that, it was genuinely just a, hey guys, I've got this idea, does anybody object? And of course everybody thought it was a great idea and now three years later these stats I think speak for themselves. So 809 issues are actually fixed because of the Bug Smash initiative and more than 3,000 worked, more than 3,000 closed. So that could be closed because their duplicates are closed because they were outdated and then almost 6,000 issues worked on and we've got for 541 people in our Slack channel. The other one then is the needs review queue initiative which was started by Steven Musgrave just back in November and he had this idea because he found that the needs review queue was had more than 2,700 issues in it and as somebody who was frequently contributing he felt like his issues were just kind of getting lost in the wash. So he said, there's gotta be something we can do to make this a little bit more manageable and he pretty much single-handedly has made this happen. So other people are helping and there has been definitely participation it's nowhere near the scale of the Bug Smash kind of community but amazingly they've touched almost 2,000 issues. They've fixed 419 and there are currently as of an hour ago only 22 issues Mark's needs review in the Drupal core queue which is down from 2,700. Yeah, in three months, yeah. So why not you? If you're feeling like you're in the camp of like, no that's them, not me, then this next part is for you just to kind of get maybe a place to start. So I'll hand you back to Lee for that. Thanks Pam. So as Pam mentioned before with her contribution journey it all starts with an issue. This is the QR code to the issue queue and the next time you think, well that's annoying or why doesn't this feature exist? Think about how you can help or what you can do to help move that forward. So first of all would be to go to this issue queue and search to see if someone else has had the same problem and if they have then maybe follow it up or follow along, make a comment or see what the next steps are and see if you can help any of those. A lot of the issues will be stuck on needs review or stuck on needs manual testing or it's things that for all different skill sets it's not just development. And so if an issue doesn't exist you could create one or it just could be a simple issue to improve some documentation. You might have found something that was really difficult to understand and then you worked out and you think the docs could be improved. And if you're not sure, ask in Slack. There's nearly 600 people in the Australian New Zealand Slack channel. Through this conference you probably get some faces to go to the names and you feel comfortable messaging people in there. And as I said before I was a bit of a lurker and so chime in when you feel comfortable. 90% of the issue discourse is fairly civil and there's little risk of drama as long as you're polite and you follow the process and be respectful. But I think one of the big issues is knowing who to ask and hopefully out of come to this session you now know at least two people you can know to ask and we may not know the answer but we might know who to ask so we're happy to help direct you towards the people that might have a better answer than us. Core is very large and we're not gonna pretend to say we know everything about it but there are people who know their specific subsystems. And then we also have a separate issue queue for the ideas queue and that's where big ticket items so more blue sky thinking goes in there and we kind of agree to work on that before people start committing resources to it. So before you do get involved I encourage you to try and think about why you want to contribute. We spoke about our motivation. Maybe you want to learn. Maybe you want to improve your reputation or your profile in the community. Maybe you want to network or friendship. Maybe you want to ensure Drupal's livelihood or maybe you just want to fix something interest to you in terms of why should you contribute. We've got a lot out of it. For me I learned a lot of PHP so when I started contributing to Drupal 8 I had no idea what a namespace was or what an interface was or what a unit test was and I learned all that stuff through putting up patches and getting people who knew more than me to review that provide constructive feedback. I also then started reviewing other people's patches and you read someone else's code and you look at something that you've not seen before and you take that as a jumping up point to learn some more. Pam, do you want to talk about multilingual stuff? Yeah, well, obviously being in Australia we don't have much opportunity to build multilingual sites but we actually recently had a requirement on a project and I was able to completely build a multilingual site from scratch with almost no sort of assistance because I'd done so many issue triages of multilingual issues. So that's purely, you open an issue it's got steps to reproduce you go through the steps to reproduce and from that alone I learned how to build multilingual sites so yeah, definitely there's huge value in it besides just the gratification of giving back. I think one of the other sort of non tangible benefits is the karma that you get in the community. If you've earned karma from contribution and people recognize your username and you have, let's say a specific issue in a module that you know the maintainer on Slack and you can message them and ask for help. Even if it's specific help to your project you're probably gonna get more traction if you've built some of that karma than you would if you just went to a support channel and asked off the blue, out of the blue, sorry. And again, your networking and friendship there's a really large community of really smart people all around the world building this and we can also say build a lot of connections with people out of it. And so that's the why but how about the how? And I think one of the easiest ways to get started is just to get into a habit. I try to do certain things on certain days because as Pam mentioned, there's a lot of reviewing so I try to do that on a Monday and Tuesday and then maybe on Wednesday I work on Contrude projects and Thursday I might work on some patches and Friday I might work on security team stuff but I like to keep a routine. Pam, she likes to use triage sometimes for a change of scenery or distraction so it might be just finish the client call and need something to reset, might go into the bug smash and get a random issue to triage and that kind of is a nice change of scenery. Yeah, I think if you put in that small investment regularly it won't happen overnight but it does happen as said before at asking learning. So you should check egos at the door and do not be afraid to ask questions. So this is from two months ago. I introduced myself as the core framework manager but there was a patch from someone about Postgres and I didn't understand what that was. I didn't have any knowledge of Postgres having used it for 15 years. So here I quite clearly ask can you explain to me what it's doing? And this is Daffy who's one of the subsystem maintainers for the database system. More than happily explains that to me and I go away from that issue having learned something. So if you're unsure or uncomfortable just ask but most people in the issue you're willing to politely explain their patch or the issue to you if you ask politely. I also encourage you to find your niche. There's something that interests you or something you have expertise in or something you care about or in my case forum something no one cared about. Find something that annoys you in a job like if something frustrates you every day for me getting involved with the block content module was born out of frustration with have to write update books in Drupal 7 to deploy blocks. Bug special needs review the same thing Steven's motivation was no one was reviewing his patches and there was 2700 things to review it's very hard for someone to find that. And then a fun thing is to to work in initiative to help find your feet faster. We talked about bugs bash don't need to review but there's a lot of community initiatives when you're working in a team it's much easier to see traction because you've got multiple people working towards the same thing. Building a contribution culture in your organization Pam mentioned before about previous next if you're a business owner or a leader here or your senior in your company you can try to build this culture of contribution and start with celebrating things internally previous next when someone gets something committed we all have a message and say congratulations and make a big deal out of it come from the smallest thing for a first patch to a big sub system like changes to the revision API that got into Drupal 10.1 this just gives visibility internally in the company and sort of communicates that it's something that is important and valuable. Fun time for it if you can and interclerated into your client beads so let's say you responding to an RFQ and there's a feature in it that you know doesn't exist but it's a patch for it or it's 80% along and when you go for that big include time to try and get that across the line you might not get it across the line but you might move it forward and the next company that comes along might get it across the line and talk openly with your clients about it a lot of our clients are happy to support open source contribution a lot of them have their own project other own profile page on Drupal.org that lists their contributions and they're very proud of those so yeah just don't think that it's a okay there's no solution let's not bother and then one final thing Yeah I just want to also throw this out there because I think that a lot of organizations think well we don't have time we don't have the resources we don't even have devs that actually can contribute patches to Drupal if your team is not able to do that you can definitely find someone who is and you can pay them to do it on your behalf so we had a situation years ago where a client wanted a feature in web form that was not built and you know we had developers that were more than capable of doing it but felt that they probably weren't the best people to do it in order to roll it back into web form module so we reached out to the maintainer of Drupal 7 web form and we offered him some money to build the feature that we wanted and he did it and the feature went into the web form module the client got what they wanted the you know Dan got paid and now that feature was available for everybody to use so I really just want to make that option very clear there's no sort of official channel for this to happen but there are plenty of developers out there who would love to get paid for their contributions so I do think that you know as much as we're talking about you know contributing to core and talking about volunteering there is no expectation that anyone in the world just should volunteer their time for free and I don't want that to be your takeaway I'm I certainly am making a living off of this I suspect that the rest of you are too all of most if not all of you and so there is money out there circulating and if there's something that's really annoying you if there's a bug you on fixer if there's a feature it's definitely an option to pay to have that so that's our sort of final note and I mean the fact that you're here we hope you have some interest in joining us if you're you know if you were just looking for a push we hope that this helped and as Lee said now at least you know who we are and if you have any questions or now or later you know we're on Slack all the time and and yeah we're around so


Glossary. Add key terms. A glossary typically contains key terms and definitions in a subject area, for instance this theatre glossary. With the Moodle glossary you can browse by alphabet, category, date or author and you can also search for particular key terms. Because Moodle encourages collaboration, learners can add key terms to a Moodle glossary so you could create a glossary where they build their knowledge together. Let's make a glossary activity. To do that we need to enable edit mode, top right and either click add an activity or resource at the bottom of a section or anywhere on the course page between activities. This brings up the activity chooser. Glossary is an activity because learners interact with it. Click once to go straight to the setup screen or click the I icon for more information and then click the add button bottom right. Name is important because this is what the learners will see on the course page. In the description you can add the instructions you want to give them for writing their terms and you can display the description on the course page by ticking the box. There are many other settings and you can find out about these and explore them by expanding the links such as if we click entries we can decide whether to allow all entries to appear immediately or whether we want to moderate them first, whether we want to allow duplicate entries in other words can two learners post the same term and whether we want to allow them to comment on each of these entries if comments are enabled. Linking glossary entries means that if a term is added to the course page or items within the course then it is automatically hyperlinked to the glossary entry. This makes use of filters which we explore in a separate video. Likewise if we click on appearance we can decide how we want the glossary to be displayed for instance how many entries to show per page. In activity completion if we want to track that students have accessed the glossary do we want them to manually click to confirm they've seen it or do we want it automatically marked complete when they've simply viewed it or received a grade or made a required number of entries. No need to select view if you have other criteria as well. To alert course participants that a glossary activity has been added or updated we click send content change notification. After clicking save and display it's useful to add a first key term by clicking the add entry button. This is what learners will do when they contribute to the glossary. For concept we take the actual word and in definition we type what it means. It's possible to add keywords and also to add attachments to the glossary and you see that as we go through each entry we can decide whether it should be automatically linked or not. Finally we save the changes and we have a glossary with one entry in it already. And if you're considering trying the glossary activity it's worth also exploring the random glossary entry block.