Good morning all. This is Shila Ratna Bansode from Walchand Institute of Technology, SolarPort. As a part of machine learning curriculum, we are going to deal with the topic, free hand sketches and in that we will be dealing with types of threads. Let's move further, learning outcomes. In this session or at the end of this session, students will be able to draw different types of threads and will also come to know how or what kind of nomenclatures are related to threads. Moving further, now threads form a part of fasteners. Fasteners are machine elements that are used for joining or holding two or more machine parts or structure and the process of joining the parts is called as fastening and the component or the machine element used for this process is called as fasteners. Now depending upon the type, we have two types that is permanent and removable fasteners. Now permanent fasteners, once you apply these fasteners or once when you join the two parts with the help of these fasteners, you cannot remove it. Without any destruction, you cannot remove these kind of fasteners. If you want to disassemble the two parts, if you want to separate the two parts, you have to break the fastening agent that you have used and on the other hand, you have removable fasteners. In removable fasteners, the two parts can be disassembled or made separately by removing the fastener easily. There is a provision in removable fasteners where you can remove the fasteners. You can dismantle the fasteners from the two parts being joined. Now as a part of permanent fasteners, riveting and welding are permanent fasteners. You all know riveting. Riveting is used for joining especially sheet metals in burst bodies, pressure vessels and etcetera and welding is quite familiar. Any type of welding is a permanent joint or gives you permanent joint, rivets also gives you permanent joint. If you want to remove or separate two parts that are being riveted, you need to break the rivet. Similar is the weld joint. If you want to disassemble or separate two parts that are being welded, you need to break the welded joint. You need to cut the welded joint. On the other hand, we have screwed fasteners. Remove fasteners, the combination of nut and bolt, set screws or other type of joining materials or machine components. These can be removed as and when required. If you consider a nut and bolt arrangement or two parts being joined by nut and bolt arrangement, merely by turning the nut or bolt, we can disassemble the two parts. Removing the nut and bolt arrangement, we can disassemble the two parts. This was with fasteners, where we have seen permanent and removable fasteners. Permanent fasteners, riveting and welding, whereas removable fasteners, screwed fasteners. Removal fasteners are also used where frequent assembly and disassembly is required. Frequent joining and removal of the two parts or separation of the two parts is required. Moving further, now coming to screwed fasteners. Screwed fasteners are frequently used as I mentioned, where you have frequent assembly or disassembly of the two parts being joined. Wherever you want to remove or you want to have a temporary joint for time being or for specific period of time, you want to join the two parts. There, you can go for screwed fasteners. If you want to modify such kind of parts, you can merely remove the fasteners and the modification can be done in the parts. Screwed fasteners occupy the most prominent place among the removable fasteners. So screw fasteners are very much preferred. They are used to hold parts together. They are also used to adjust the reference of one part with another. They are also used to transfer power. So adjustment specifically are used, as I mentioned, adjustment of the parts specifically used for set screws. The screw or the small handle that you have in a wristwatch is also a screw. It's a set screw. Another example where you set a reference for is your carburetor, where you arrange the set screw to have the proper flow of charge. Now as far as screw fasteners are concerned, bolts, studs, nuts in combination and machine screws or set screws. These are the popularly used screwed fasteners in any engineering or non-engineering applications. Nut and bolt arrangement is the most common that you will be able to see in most of the components. Highly visible or highly popular is nut and bolt arrangement. Then the screws. Studs are similar to bolts, but they don't have a head. On both the sides they have threadings, whereas bolt you have threading on one side and a head, a shape, hexagonal or round or dome shape or square shape on one side. So this was with screwed fasteners. Let's move further. Now as we are going to see about threads, now as I said thread is a part of screwed fasteners. So what are the nomenclatures that we have as far as threads are concerned? Here you can see a major diameter and a minor diameter here. Now major diameter is the diameter of the rod before forming the threads on it. So this area, this area, this area is your major diameter before forming the thread. This diameter is called as major diameter. Then the minor diameter. Once you form the threads on the shaft, this lower end, this lower end, this lower end forms the minor diameter, forms the minor diameter. Then we have pitch diameter. We have pitch diameter. Pitch diameter is an imaginary, is a diameter of an imaginary circle. Pitch diameter is the diameter of an imaginary circle or a cylinder that passes through the points or passes through the same point on each thread where the distance between two points is constant, where the distance between two points is constant. It passes through such points. This is an imaginary circle and hence it is the diameter of an imaginary circle, pitch diameter. Then we have crest. Now in this threads, the topmost point, the topmost point, the topmost point, the topmost point, these all topmost points are called as crest. This upper part is called as crest. This is called as crest. The circle passing through crest is called as major diameter. The cylinder passing through crest is called as major diameter. bottom part the bottom part the bottom part is called as root the bottom part is called as root. The minor diameter touches these bottom parts now these faces that touch the root and crest that touches crest and root this side and this side is called as flank everywhere it is called as flank the angle between these two lines crest and root crest and root this V angle is called as angle of thread it is called as angle of thread. Then here you can see the indication of P indication of P is the same is the distance between two same adjacent points or two points adjacent two points on the same position. If you consider a point on this side the similar point on this side left hand side is the distance that is called as pitch this is called as pitch. Now here you can see external threads here you can see external threads here is an example of internal threads here is an example of internal threads. So with respect to external threads and internal threads we have the definitions at crest root flank major diameter minor diameter pitch diameter pitch and angle of thread. So this is the screw thread nomenclature that we have moving further. Now these are some of the forms of threads that you can see that are mostly available in any applications. The first one that you see is sharp V thread you can see on the screen the shape is pointed here it is pointed the included angle is 60 degrees for sharp V thread and this is the pitch distance between two same adjacent points. Then we have with word thread bit rounder form of V thread then we have buttress thread combination of square and V thread. Then we have square thread highly load carrying capacity of square thread is high. So used in screw jacks V thread is used in set screws then we have acme threads a bit root area is more as compared to square threads then we have worm thread moving further thread designation thread is designation in ISO form as with a letter m then a nominal diameter and then the pitch they are separated by an x here we you can see an example m 10 into 1.25 m is the metric designation 10 is the nominal diameter and 1.25 is the pitch then we have single start and multi start threads single start thread consists of only single helical group whereas multi start threads have depending upon double start or triple start two or three helical group starting at an specified angle. When you turn a single start thread it moves only by one pitch that is lead is equal to pitch lead is the horizontal distance that the thread travels whereas in multi start threads if you consider double start thread when you turn the nut or screw by one rotation it moves two times the pitch so lead is equal to pitch similar in triple start thread lead is equal to three times of P. So this was with single start and multi start thread then we have right hand and left hand thread right hand thread is one which advances when you turn it in right hand direction left hand thread is the one which advances when you turn it in left hand direction. So this is left hand thread and light and tightening and loosening directions are specified by left hand and right hand thread. These are the references. Thank you.


I'm out your house. We're not even discussing older things. Oh, my hair straightening, old injury, Jamie.  You know what I'm saying? Yeah, odorless. Yeah, odorless, come on, man.   Huh? That what? What?   I don't know what his, what his myth came from.   Pussin.   It's nostalgic.  Pussin smell like buscotch. I can't believe it. Pussin smell like buscotch.  I'm an old nigga. Nah, I'm not real old. Smell like red, though. Yeah.   White diamond, you fucking. You think what? Pussin smell like Elizabeth Arden.  You know they do.   Come in here and get the back of my heel. Get this pumice out here.  Who got a truck that they drive on Saturdays? We got a little Ford Ranger. She's a little gardener.  It's a whole lot of meat down there. It's a whole lot of meat down there in that basement now. Don't you want me to try to do the cookout with that thing now?  That's the best though. Don't get that pearl tongue. Don't get that pearl tongue now. It's down there. If I can put it in your mouth and do something with it. Oh, yeah. Speaking of that's what I'm talking about. What?  Talk to him. Well, you saw a little man. He ain't gonna tell them what you like. You probably allergic to mouth. She look, her clothes play music when you eat. Yeah, man. She got one finger maximum in that one. Stop playing.  She said, what's wrong with that?   Amen. That is all. That's why this is my favorite podcast out. Shout out to the small coochies. Thank you. They out here. We looking for them. We looking for them. I'm looking.   They got fanny packs.  I don't have any. Damn, for real, you just go hand in hand kind of back? Yes.  Just one. With imagination or you do porn? Well...  Bondage.  Easy. That turn you on. So you doing it in real life, too? No. Is this a fantasy interview? It's not a fantasy. I just like watching it. Okay. But so you wouldn't want it to happen to you, girl? Nah, if you choke me. Nah, that's... Yeah, you gotta choke with your neck. I just wanna say that. Let me see it. Yeah, it's right there too. You can put her up in your bed, boy. Yes. Yeah, you can kind of like clean the mirror around here. Keep the violence out of my pussy. Keep the violence out of it.  Exactly. So you're not gonna put your hand in what I'm doing? Yeah.  Ain't no tellin' what I might do.   Yeah, I made my hair grab. Right. You know what's name is. You're talking my wrist, but... Let me tell us up.  I can use like an old iPhone charger. That's the word, though. Just don't double... I like old friggin' ad nips.   Right. Yeah, why family got planned on Netflix.  No, we fuckin'.  Bro! We need some background noise.  Right, my dick's stuck to the ground. No, when you see... That's what I'm saying.   Mmm, mmm. That's what I need to say.   Ah, it's amazing. I love you. You thirsty? Want some juice? You ready to go to sleep? What we watchin'? Oh, my bad.  Ah! Shout out to Aretha. Miss Linda! I don't know what her smell like. I'm going to sleep. I don't know what that means.    Bro, man, man.  Two times a day, like 10 for an hour.  I'm asleep. Even if the second time at four o'clock, guess what? I'm sleepin'. Even if the second time at four o'clock.


Deliberating further about the role of mental health professional in academia, there are the competencies issues which are need to be discussed in teaching. Effectively imparting knowledge to others require distinct competencies. It's not that easy that the knowledge whatever you have, you are just going to impart them to others. It requires specialized training and it requires specialized material which you need to impart to others. There are times which you don't have enough to explain to others. These include enthusiasm for the mastery of the subject matter and having proficiency in teaching method, evaluating students appropriately and impartially and interacting with them very professionally in and inside and outside the classroom. So you know this is very much important that there is not enough subject matter and an individual can be a very good teacher but with that maybe the motivation which he can give to the students, the enthusiasm which he brings in when he talks to the students maybe he wants to make a lack of it. It's not equal for everyone to be so enthusiastic, to be so passionate that he talks to his students and he can transfer that positive energy, that positive energy to them which he feels inside himself with his subject matter. Is it that our students can start professionally dealing because in a set of students there may be some who are very dear to you and they are the some who may not be that much dear to you because they are not much responding in the class, because they are not well prepared after your lectures to give the you know probably discuss the outcomes with you and things like that. So, where per a balance rakhna within the classroom and outside the classroom it's very very important and very professional way to deal with the students. Few competency issues are teaching skills and course preparation. Keeping karant in one's field is an ethical mandate for effectively educating students. For instance, bazookaat itni tezi se changes aa rahe hote hain, ek pil jo hain wo evolve ho rahe hote hain iskender, bohot saari research ho rahe hain aur agar aap apne material ko update nahi rakhte, to aap ko kush basic cheez hain wo forreetor par aap ko nahi pata lakhni aur aap us field me thoda sa lag karne lakh jaane. For instance, jesse agar aap psychopathology ki baat karein. So, it's a field which keeps evolving all the time. Aur isske andar jab ek DSM ka manual aata hai, to uske thode arse ke baat hi agle manual ke liye jo hain wo recommendations aana shro jati hain ke we can see the categories in a different manner yahan uske jab, jab trial out versions hote hain usme wo kathe hain eegi symptomatology me taim ke saa change aa rahe hain, to yeh symptom add honi chehye, yeh exclude honi chehye. To, bohot tezi se iss me change aata rahe hain. To, har manual se dosne manual me kya different hain, DSM 4 se DSM 4, TR be kya differences te? Why DSM 4, TR has been discarded and DSM 5 has been introduced aur uske andar multi-axial system jo tha hain usko khatam karne ki kyun zeroorat pesh hain? And now we are looking forward to have DSM 6. To, ab usme kya changes honge, wo kis cross-cultural psychology ki baat karega yeh wo kaunse aspect ko dekhega? So, this is something which a teacher need to be very updated in term of their subject matter. Options to update knowledge and skills including taking courses, self-directed reading ho sakti hain, aap ne courses leh sakti hain. Aap ke andar motivation honi chehye nahi aaseekne ki aap po doshro se extra mentoring apne senior se lehne ki zeroot hoti hain. Per professional meeting, conferences attend karna aur apne kaam ko jo ki hai present kar ke feedback lehna ki sab ek teacher ke liye bohot hi important aur uske liye ek basic uski teaching skills ko betar karne ke liye aur uske preparation ko apne aap ki akshye karne ke liye bohot zeroori hota hai. Then infusing diversity content. Courses attracting future mental health professionals jo haumare students hote hain, it requires educators to possess, teach and practice cultural competencies. Why it is important ki haum cultural competency ki baat hain? Because the world has now become a global village. Aur aaj haum different cultures ko apne ek country ke andar hi practice hota wa dekh rahe hain. Haan pe haum kuch 100 kilometer ke faas leh pe jaain to haum hi baap hain ek neha culture dekhaye deta. So we know ki as a student of psychology, you need to be expressed about the diversity of culture. Kyuki ye diversity hi ek mankind ki beauty hain. Aur iski bhaja se pehda haunewari differences hain haum hain accept karna aana chahiye. Aur as a psychologist haum hi unke saar deal karna chahiye wo aana chahiye. To iski baat karna bhi bohot zada important hai ki haum apne teaching me apne studies me apne course content me diversity ke content ko infuse kare. Infusion of diversity occurs mainly in planning of course topics and designing of course activities and assessment criteria. Ap different courses ko ap different tarike ka saar design kar sakte hain. Aur uske indar ap different tarike se new techniques jo hain wo introduce kar sakte hain. Aur usbe ap nehi cheezon ki baat kar sakte hain. Teaching courses without formal training. Sometimes by choice in aapko koi ase courses dea jatne hain jiski wo par koi bhi formal training pehle nahi dee gayi hoti. Por example koi data analysis ka course hain ko statistics ka course hain uske wo koi specialized training nahi hain. Usko pehli defa pahana aur usko students ko behhter tarike se implement karna would be a difficult thing. Often enough instructors may find themselves assigned several unrelated courses including those which they possess only a very limited knowledge. Kuch ase courses bhi bazukat pahane ke liye teachers ko mil jatne hain. Ye unki tarafse agar hain point of view ko dekhain. So it justifies that they are being given the courses which are not relevant to their competencies but mo unko jas bhi aise hi de diya jatne hain koi deusre courses uswak available nahi hoti. So it is very important ke aap agar apne interest ka apne expertise ka course pahain to wo aap ko zada achha bhi lagi ka aur aap zada achhi tarike se usko pahaa bhi sakinge. Impaired instructors. Mental health professionals who teach can themselves be impaired. This is not something which is beyond imaginations because it ranges from mild to deliberating and the more common type of personal difficulties that affect almost everybody including instructors.  Assessment and Coaching. The balance assessment and feedback to improve student learning is an essential element. So applying the formative and summative assessment strategies could be helpful along with clear, timely and observable feedback for students and family. So it's very important that whenever a student of psychology has been taken a course usko continues uski assessment ke results milte rahe hain aur ek achcha teacher usko update karta rahe ke wo apne subject knowledge meh is pukat ki stage par hain ta ke usko uski family ko uski jo akadamik capabilities hain unke baare meh update kya jaasake.


Hi this is Jack Lipton and this is Critical Materials Corner. Today we're going to look at APEO and we're going to talk to its CEO and chairman, president. All those jobs rolled into two people. Tom Dreyfus, the founder of the company, and Fred Kozak, who is today, assumed the role of president. I would like to know, Fredrica, congratulations on your new position and I'd like to put you on the spot. I'd like to ask you now, what exactly are your plans for APEO in the next 24 months? How are you going to move the deposit to development as a mind and what are you going to do with the material after you have extracted from the earth? Well, for day one on the job, Jack, that's quite a question. We know what APEO's plans are through the summer and we've got a very active, excuse me, delineation drilling program arranged for the summer. We're looking at winterizing our camp up on location so that we will be able to drill through the winter and specific to our plans in the next 24 months. Well, I can see that we will be able to pull ore out of the deposit within that time frame as to where it goes. That will be the next question. We know this is a Saskatchewan Research Council and Saskatoon is building a processing facility for rare earths. We do know that there are other opportunities both in North America and outside of China for rare earth processing. My understanding is that the Saskatchewan Research Council will have their system ready in about 24 months or sooner. Is that correct? Yes, they have said before the end of 2022. So hopefully within the next 18 months. And what's the company doing about the need to extract the rare earths from the monazide ore? In other words, to prepare a mixed rare earth material that will feed the separation plant of the Saskatchewan Research Council. Who's going to do that chemical engineering work? Tom, would you like to take that? Jack, we started a benchmark, a better word study that is done at the Saskatchewan Research Council right now. So the aim there would be to sort of separate the monazide from the horse rock and also produce carbonate concentrate. The fact, you city I want to remind our viewers is Uranium City, Saskatchewan, which is basically a center of the Canadian uranium mining refining industry. So I guess that answers my next question, which is what you guys plan to do with the uranium and the thorium. And can I assume that it will be processed in Uranium City or nearby and it will be legally disposed of or sold? Well, Jack, I mean, this is down the road. But let me give you our thoughts. Our thoughts is we're going to concentrate the monazide in either on the property or Uranium City, and we're going to drive it to either the Saskatoon or some other place where it's going to be processed. If we do a deal with SRC, for example, the Saskatchewan Research Council, they are licensed to deal with their activity, and they will be the uranium. Obviously, we know what we're going to do with it. We're going to be selling it. But in terms of the thorium, they will deal with that. Here's the point. Monazide has been the real sleeper in North America anyway, and most of the rest of the world, because no one could process it because they could not legally do anything with the uranium and thorium, either to sell it or to store it. Now, as I'm sure you know, we've now got a major operation going in the United States with energy fuels, which is fully licensed to process uranium and sell it and to store thorium, as is believed the Saskatchewan Research Council. So you really are the only guys in town, and you're certainly the only ones in Canada who can address monazide as a feedstock, and I want to remind everyone that monazide is 50% to 60% richer in magnetic rare earths than bassinocyte, so that if you have your druthers, as they say, you would always mine monazide. The reason it hasn't been done up till now is because of the issue of radioactivity. Now that this issue has been solved once in the US and now in Canada, I think that we're going to see a revival of the Canadian rare earth industry, but with a new emphasis on monazide. So I'm very interested in following what you're doing, and I'm very glad you got to it. I happen to know that your monazide is probably the richer monazide in critical rare earths of any deposit I have ever come across on this planet. Now the size of it is going to be very important. I know you don't know that yet. That's what you're looking for. You haven't really proven out the resource yet, but good luck to you guys because you only have one direction to go. Jack, we're quite excited. As you mentioned, we've got the highest or one of the highest monazide in the world. We also have gallium, and we know that that occurs with monazide, and we're doing some work to reassign all drill holes to see how much is there, but our goal is to be a major critical rare earth supplier in North America. Just as a very interesting final comment I want to make is this. The largest gallium refiner in the Western world outside of China is neopreformance materials of Toronto. So I have a feeling that neo is going to be talking to you in the very near future about that, and with that I'd like to say thank you very much, and really we have to follow this one because this is Canada's most prominent at this point in terms. Thank you, Jack. Thank you, Jack. It's a pleasure to speak with you again.


Well, let's start with the impact on families. Sailors need to know that the way the legislation is constructed, the manpower accounts are fenced off, so sailor pay will not be impacted. For the civilian component, for critical to our team, there's no way we'd be where we are in OIF, OEF, ten years into the longest sustained combat operations in American history without the backing, support, and coordination of our civilian component of our team. Their pay will be impacted. If sequestration continues to go forward, we've been forced to enact a series of furloughs that will likely start at the end of April. Navy leaders throughout the fleet have been advised and continue to be advised with the latest information on how this will play out, but we need folks to, when they have questions, to go to the the Don Human Resources FAQ DonhrFAQ at Navy.no where there's, as we speak, over 80 questions addressing pieces like this and ensure they have full information so they and their families can plan going forward.


of the morning, Aisha Koreshi from Istanbul in Turkey, and she'll talk about algebraic and homologic for the first time, if I start again. So I'm happy to introduce the last speaker of the morning, Aisha Koreshi from Istanbul, Turkey, and the title is up there, please. Okay, thank you very much. So first I want to thank the organizers for organizing this wonderful school and workshop and for the invitation. I will talk about polyomina ideas today. So the idea is, so basically the motivation is starts from the ideas generated by T-minors of a matrix, of a genetic matrix. So in other words, the letter, sorry, the determinant ideas and then their quotient rings which are known as the determinant rings, more generally, letter determinant ideas and the letter determinant rings. So as we already saw in the morning in Alessandro's talk, a little bit of reference of ideals of T-minors of a certain matrix. So I'm sure that most of you are already familiar with that. There are some nice references here. So what we do is that, okay, we take a matrix X where the entries are, we can just simply call them variables, they are indeterminates. So let's call it X and then for any fixed T, for any admissible T, we are taking, we are considering all the T-close-tree sub-metrices looking at their determinants, in other words, T-minors. Okay, and then we are generating ideals with these T-minors and these ideals are called determinant ideals and then the quotient ring. So this is denoted by ITX. When we take the quotient here, this is the determinant ring, usually denoted by RTX. More generally, now we also know the definition.  So what is the idea? Now we fix a shape inside this matrix, looks like a letter, so it's called one-sided letter and now we are just restricting ourselves to those T-minors or in other words, those T-close-tree sub-metrices that lie within this shape. And then we generate the ideal, ideal of T-minors called ladder-determinant ideal. We can make it a little bit more general, we can make this shape look like this. So now we have the staircase on both sides, known as two-sided letter and so if I call it Y, so this is the ladder-determinant ring. Okay, so I will put it here. As a generalization, so this one-sided letter and two-sided letter, okay, they were introduced by Abayankar, later it was shown that, okay, these ladder-determinant rings, they are domain by Nara Simhan, Kohan Makore property by Herzog and Chiung, Konka then proved the normality for these shapes. Now the idea is that, okay, we do, we generalize it a little bit, these shapes. And let's say now I am talking about this shape inside the matrix, yeah, and now I want to study the ideals of T-minors, such that the corresponding matrices, they are contained inside this shape. Okay, so just going from here to here, considering a little bit more arbitrary shapes inside the matrix. So here now the words poliomino come from because just to identify these shapes, calling them ladder here and calling them poliomino here. And in the beginning what we are doing, we are restricting ourselves to just T equals to two. So we will be talking about ideas generated by only two minors, so only two cross two sub-metrics because that's the easiest case to deal with, but of course one can define it for any admissible T, you know, as long as there's a T cross T matrix contained inside. So in other words, we are talking about quadratic binomial ideals in the polynomial ring whose variables are coming from the entries of the matrix. Okay, so now talking about the binomial ideas, quadratic binomial ideas, we have seen some other classes also. So the ideas generated by, for example, adjacent two minors, motivated by the applications in algebraic statistics, some of the references I've shown here. And then ideas generated by arbitrary set of two minors in a two cross N matrix. These are very well known as binomial ideas. We saw them multiple times last week in several talks in the school. So for binomial ideal, yeah, we are restricting ourselves to only two rows, two cross N matrix, and we are taking any collection of two minors here. We define all these poliomino ideas. So poliominos are plane figures obtained by joining unit squares that we call cell H to edge. In a cell, they look like this. So what we have here, for example, in the first picture, we can see that we have unit squares. They are joined together with each other. So this unit square, we are calling them cells. And we have five cells. Actually, in all of these poliominos, we have five cells. So they appear basically in recreational mathematics, mostly in combinatorics, talking about their enumeration problem, tiling, also their relation with diapers and most converts appearing in the study of these algebraic languages. But we did here, basically, we just used these shapes of poliominos to put a name here. So the idea is just to study the ideal of two minors and now just to identify these shapes since they look like this. So okay, we just put the name here, use this word here poliominos and call these ideas that later we will generate here as poliominos ideals. So but this is poliominos themselves, they actually appear in mostly in combinatorics. And the most well-known problem about here is motivated by some application in physics, cell growth problem. Given a fixed number of cells, let's say we want to construct all possible poliominos of cells, let's say up to 10. So how many distinct poliominos one can write up to translation, rotation, and reflection, and so on. So this is one of the major problem in interior poliominos studied in combinatorics. And now we will define the poliomino ideas. Okay. So as I said, so what we are going to do, we are going to look at these shapes and we will associate some quadratic binomial ideals, which are coming from the ideals of two minors of a matrix. So first we put some terminology and some notation. We are taking a partial order in N2. When we talk about N2, we will just restrict ourselves to the positive integer points only. Because what is the idea? Why we are talking about N2? Because we can identify the entries of this matrix as points in N2 with the positive indices. Okay. Then we have the definition of an interval in N2. So we take two points and then we write an interval just like as all the integer points within these two fixed points. So for A to B, we are taking everything that is in between them. So our interval will look like this. If I have this point and this point, A and B. So I take all the integer points and it will look like a rectangle in general. Okay. So now if I have an interval of size one, it's a square. So this is what we are calling a cell. For example, this is a cell from ij to i plus one, j plus one. These pink points are vertices of this cell, the corner points. From here we can identify the diagonal and the anti-diagonal corner points. And then the edges are the boundaries of this cell. Okay. So what is a polynomial? The formal definition is we are taking bunch of cells in N2, this unit squares. And if we can reach from one cell to the other cell via connected path, then we say that, okay, it's a poliomino. In other words, we take bunch of these cells. If the shape looks like connected, it's a poliomino. So we want to be able to reach from one cell to the other cell. So for example here, a path from C1 to C8 is shown. So we are moving edge by edge from one cell to the other. So this is a poliomino. Okay. We fix a poliomino, a bunch of cells in N2 that can be also viewed as an increase inside the matrix. And then we write the vertex set of P as a union of all the vertices of all the cells that are contained in our poliomino. And then we assign a polynomial ring to it. So in this polynomial ring, the indices of the variables are coming from the vertices of poliomino. Okay, so just like when we are writing this ring Xij, the variables that are coming from the entries of the matrix. Inner interval. What is an inner interval of a poliomino? When all the cells of that interval belong to our collection, belong to our poliomino, we call this an inner interval. So for example here, this red, the interval shown with the mark with the red lines, this is our inner interval because all the six cells of this interval is contained in our collection. So, I know, what did I do? In this poliomino, for example, this is the cell that I'm not putting in my collection. Okay, here I have an example of an interval which is not an inner interval because this cell in this interval is not contained in the collection. Okay, so what we do now, we take our poliomino, we fix a shape and then we, for every interval, so we have now this diagonal and anti-diagonal entries, so basically we have an hour two cross two sub-metrics, we take is determinant and then this is what we are calling here inner to minor, pressing some wrong button again and again. So, given this interval, we take the determinant of the corresponding matrix and we are calling it an inner minor of the poliomino P. Okay, and now we take all the inner minors of P and we generate an ideal, it's a quadratic binomial ideal, we are calling it a poliomino ideal and the quotient ring denoted by Kp, coordinate ring of the associated poliomino. Okay, so this is the structure that we are going to talk about. So again, the idea is just to study the ideal of two minors of more arbitrary shape inside the matrix, but later on along the study it became, I mean, we noticed that combinatorics of poliomino, apparently it made it very easy to study most of the algebraic and homological properties of this quotient ring. So one can actually describe many invariants in just, in terms of the combinatorics of the associated poliomino. So we will see it in a moment. So I mean, I'm sure that okay, the definition because of letter determinants and ideals and rings, it might be clear, but just to be more precise, I put another example here. So for example, we are taking this red entries and we only want to have all the two minors that we can create from these red entries. So given that one, I am assigning this poliomino with these four cells. So these red marks, these red entries can be identified as the vertices of this poliomino. And then we are writing all the two minors that we can construct here. So this is the poliomino ideal associated to this poliomino mark in the red entries. Okay, so this is the ideal that we are talking about. Okay, good. So of course it generalizes the class of one sided and two sided letter. And also, if you are familiar with hebe rings that are toric rings associated with the distributive lattices. So if we have a planet distributive lattice, we take the hebe ring that can also be identified as a coordinate ring of a certain poliomino of certain shape. Okay, so when we have an ideal generated by an arbitrary set of two minors, of course, one first one would like to know that the quotient ring defined by them if it is a domain, if the ideal is prime, if not, if it is radical or not, or what are the primary components? So this, we just start from the very basic question. We just want to know, okay, when these ideals, they define a domain. In case of two cross N matrix, the case of so-called binomial ideal, we know that they are always radical. You just pick any bunch of two minors, you generate an ideal is always radical. We know the primary decomposition, we know many nice properties. And this is not true as long as we just increase the rows to three. If you take just randomly some two minors, generate an ideal, it needs not to be radical. One can write many easy examples. So we start with this question that, okay, when these ideals of these inner two minors, poliomino ideals, when they are prime, when they are radical, and so on. So I will just now talk about some nice shapes of different poliominos and then what sort of properties that we know so far. So here we have what we call a row convex poliomino. So it means that if you have two cells in a row, you have the whole row inside your poliomino. So this is not column convex, for example, because we have these two in one column, but the middle one is missing. So this is row convex. This one is column convex. If a poliomino is both row and column convex, we just simply call it convex poliomino. So for example, here, this kind of a shape inside the matrix, it can be identified with a convex poliomino. So for these shapes, so this was one of the first results, that these ideas, they define domain and in fact, Kohan-Makohli normal domain. We know the dimension in the terms of the vertices and the number of cells within the poliomino. In fact, they are causal also. More interesting shapes that we can create inside these matrices. So simple poliomino, rather than giving the more combinatorial definition, I've just put some pictures where one can actually understand maybe better. So what do we mean by simple poliomino? So simple poliomino here just means that there is no any hole embedded inside the poliomino. So for example, here, this cell is not inside our collection. So there is like a hole topologically embedded inside the poliomino. So this one is not simple. However, this is simple. There is no hole embedded inside. Okay, so these are kind of like the, because once we start having holes, things become much more complicated. For simple poliominos, it remained the open question for a while, but then Herzog and Madani, and then separately with my collaborators that okay, we were able to show that, in fact, in this case also, we again get a causal Kohan Makole domain of dimension described in the terms of vertices and the cells of the poliomino. The idea is actually that once one can, first we show that this poliomino ring here, this is isomorphic to a semi-group ring with quadratic generators, where these ij's are coming from the vertices of poliomino. So once we identify it in this form, this is much simpler than talking about this more complicated structure. After this identification, so it becomes a little bit easier to talk about it because here we just have quadratic binomials in our toric ring here. Okay, now some other known classes, list of prime poliominos where we know our quotient ring is integral domain. So okay, convex and simple poliominos we know. Then now we allow holes. So if the hole is itself a convex poliomino, here one can again argue with some localization techniques that we have again. Our coordinate ring of poliomino ideal is again an integral domain. Then grid poliominos and thin poliominos, I haven't put the definition, but the names are exactly what one would imagine, grid poliomino, something that looked like grid, and then there are a bunch of holes. Thin poliomino, it really looks thin. So it means that we don't have four cells embedded inside. So we have parts of sort of like this form. So just cells joined together with each other and we do not have sort of like a tetromino for cells in this form inside. So with this thin structure again, these are known to be prime. And poliominos, if they admit a quadratic grammar basis, by using that or identifying them with the suitable lethices that okay, they are again, they define a prime ideal close path poliominos with certain zigzag walk combinatorially that one can define inside poliominos. They're also known to be prime. And then Maskia, Rinaldo and Romeo recently they conjectured that okay, if poliomino does not have the so-called zigzag walk, then the poliomino ideal doesn't matter how many holes are embedded inside, but the poliomino ideal will be prime. But this is a very recent work. And zigzag walk is again something defined completely combinatorially in terms of the language of poliominos. Okay, and there is no any known example of poliomino ideal that is not radical, which is kind of nice because when we are taking this arbitrary minors, even in a three crocent matrix, we know that they are not radical. But as long as we fix this poliomino, we fix a shape on them, apparently, we expect them to be always radical. We do not have any known examples so far. Very recently, Sisto, Navarra and Vir, okay, this is the first paper where the radical property of the poliomino ideals have been discussed. They, in the case of this closed path in poliomino, when they are not prime, they show that it is radical and they also gave the primary decomposition of poliomino ideal in this case. And this is, I think, the only paper where the radical property is discussed. Okay, some other properties that we know for these rings. Characterization of convex poliomino when they have linear resolution and when the first CZG module in the resolution is generated in a, is linearly generated, so it's linearly related poliominos. And then some bounds for the regularity and multiplicity and characterization of convex poliomino that satisfy green laser field condition, NP properties. And then, Czerny-Davies conjecture for simple thin poliominos and they are golden signs, so this conjecture is discussed. So, mostly for convex and simple poliominos and very particular classes of these poliominos. We know some nice, some discussion of some nice homological and algebraic invariance and some other properties, but most of the things, because they are relatively new class of ideals, so most of the things are still unknown. Okay, so I have time, right? Maybe 10 minutes or so. So, I will just say now a little bit about that, how these combinatorics of poliomino happen to be very useful in the study of these ideals of two minor. So, one can actually really use it to describe some, for example, regularity and Hilbert series and other nice properties of these ideals. Okay, convex poliomino. In theory of poliominos, the convexity of a poliomino is measured by the terms of the parts that you define in them. So, in other words, if you can reach from one cell to the other cell inside the poliomino with that most K term, so every time you change the direction, it means that you are taking a turn. So, if you can reach from one cell to the other cell in at most one turn, this is called one convex. If you can reach from one cell to the other cell in at most two turns, okay, it is two convex and so on. So, there is a notion of K convex poliomino. So, this one is the one convex poliomino because of one turn in the shape of L. So, in combinatorics, they are calling it L convex poliomino, which is studied extensively and many nice properties of these poliominos are known, which actually helped to study the algebraic properties, basically, ideals that are generated by miners of these shapes. So, when we have a L convex poliomino by using most of the combinatorial results that are known, apparently one can reconstruct them in the shape of a one-sided leather. So, one can deform them by using these results, identify them as a one-sided leather, show that they define the same algebra, and then we can use what we know from the one-sided leather, translate these properties back to L convex poliomino, and then we have some very nice consequences. So, for example, non-attacking rooks. So, this is a poliomino. By saying non-attacking rooks, just like in the chessboard, we are choosing at most one cell from a column in a row. So, in chessboard of size eight cross eight, we can put maximum eight non-attacking rooks. So, for example, here, if I put these two rooks in this pruned chessboard, I cannot put a third rook, because if I will try to put another rook, it will be either in the same column as these two or in the same row. So, basically, I'm choosing cells in distinct rows and distinct columns. Okay. Now, if I choose a different configuration, I can actually put four rooks in this pruned chessboard. Okay. Given a pruned chessboard, there are very few classes of chessboards that one knows what is the maximum number of rooks that you can put. Okay. For eight cross eight, we know we can put eight maximum, but when you cut it, you create something new. How many rooks can you put? It's a very nice recreational problem with some nice application, but mostly studied in combinatorics. So, let Rp be the number of maximal rooks that we can place on our poliomino P. And then, apparently, for L-convex, regularity is exactly equals to the rook number of the poliomino. And this results then later motivated. That's okay. So, there is this nice interpretation. Can we use more combinatorics of poliominos to describe some other properties of these poliomino ideas and that happened to be also true. So, most of the properties, okay, in case of L-convex poliominos are known, but for example, if you go to two convex, that has not been studied yet, for example. Okay. So, I think I have five more minutes, right? Yeah, okay. I'll try to be quick. So, we take a poliomino P and we denote Rk to be the number of ways of arranging k non-attacking rooks on cells of P. Okay, in how many ways I can put two rooks, in how many ways I can put three rooks, for example, and so on. So, this is the oldest reference that I could find for these rook polinomios that are also related to matching polinomios. I mean, okay, they have been studied, I think, for centuries, these kinds of problems, but the formal definition with association with the matching polinomial up to my knowledge, this was the earliest reference that I could find, but yeah, but this is my own literature service, I'm not so sure. Okay, so, the rook polinomial is defined in combinatorics as following. So, it's a generating function. So, for T to the power k, our coefficient is Rk, which is the number of phase of arranging k non-attacking rooks, okay. And the degree of this is, of course, is then the rook number, the maximum rooks that you can place on your poliomino. So, for example, here, if I take this poliomino in how many ways I can put no rooks, it's like empty, doing nothing, only one way to do it, how many ways you can put one rook, it is exactly equals to the number of cells, which are five here, in how many ways we can arrange two rooks, they are given here, all the possible ways, six of them. In how many ways we can put three rooks here? So, this is the only unique way to do it. Then, okay, so here, the coefficient of T cube is one. So, this is the rook polinomial. So, as I mentioned before, a poliomino is said to be thin if there is no any sub poliomino of this shape. So, there is no square tetromino embedded inside it. So, we have only thin strip of cells just going along. So, for this shape of poliominos, so this is a simple thin poliomino, for example, there are no holes embedded, and there is no any square tetromino embedded inside. So, if we consider this kind of shapes in our matrix, we apparently have the following result. So, we look at the reduced Hilbert series, we look at the H polinomial, the coefficient of the, so actually the H polinomial coincides with the rook polinomial of P. So, this is something which seems a little bit strange, that why? But yeah, apparently, because when we are taking, when we are putting the rooks, we are choosing the distinct cells in the rows and column. And we know, I mean, I haven't mentioned much about Grobner bases, but we know actually quite enough about the Grobner bases of these shapes. In particular, in most of these cases, the set of generator gives you the Grobner bases with some nice monomial orders, where the initial terms can be recognized as either coming from the diagonal terms of a cell or the anti-diagonal terms of a cell. So, for example, if I have something like this shape, a very simple one, this poliomino with these four cells, I take all the minors, so let's say my diagonal terms are coming from this, from the diagonal, sorry for the initial terms are coming from the diagonal corners. And if I choose, for example, this, I put a rook here and rook here. In other words, this diagonal has nothing to do with this diagonal. So, in the initial ideal, we have certain regular sequences embedded inside, which can be identified as an edge ideal also. So, basically, I mean, the proofs, the ideas are coming from this theory. So, it is not so actually unnatural that these kind of results are true, that rook polynomial actually really plays an important role in the properties, algebraic and homological properties of these poliomino ideas. Okay. So, yeah, here the Hilbert series, as I said before, it coincides with the rook polynomial here. Does the similar result hold for any simple poliomino? So, let me actually just start with the definition, sorry, with an example. So, this is a simple poliomino. Now, we have this shape, this square tetromino inside. Right? And so, in how many ways I can put zero rooks? It's an empty set. In how many ways I can put one rook? I can put it on the cell A or B or C and so on. In how many ways I can put two rooks? So, either I put in AD or I can choose B and C and so on. So, this is all the possible arrangements and this R3 is all the possible arrangements to put three rooks. Okay. Once we have these kind of shapes, we have to fix something about the rook arrangement and that we do in the following way. So, this is the rook polynomial here, huh? So, what we do, A and D, they are diagonal corners of an interval such that the anti-diagonal cells here also, they are also inside the poliomino. So, we identify this AD with BC. So, now whenever we have a rectangular interval, so if you are putting rooks in the diagonal cells, we can always put them in the anti-diagonal cells also and obtain another rook configuration. And so, we identify them. Okay, this switching operation, sort of a switching operation. And so, we say that, okay, one configuration can be obtained from the other one. If we can perform some switches and then starting from one, we obtain the other one. This is our equivalence relation. So, we mod out all such configurations and then we define this new polynomial that we are denoting by r tilde. So, up to this equivalence, we are counting all the distinct ways of putting rooks with a certain number of rooks on our poliomino. So, after this, a little bit modification, we gave the conjecture that, okay, for any simple poliomino, when you look at the reduced Hilbert series, the H vector will correspond to this equivalent through configurations. The proof is done for the so-called parallelogram poliominos, which are, in fact, just two-sided letters. L convex poliominos, which is, again, a very wide class, but again, the question remains still open that once we are outside L, we talk about K convexity, so if K is bigger than one, we don't know, and all the poliominos with cells up to, I mean, that have 40, up to 14 cells. And this is, that was then by using Macaulay, and yeah, so this is because of the computational evidence. Okay, I will finish here. Thank you very much. Okay. Are there any short questions? Thank you. Not in all cases. Only for simple poliominos, when there are no holes. And then, so once we allow hole, so there are some classes where we know, but in general, no. Yeah, so for simple poliominos, then some other particular classes, but not always. So this, in case of simple poliominos, to write this conjecture, we are identifying them as non-attacking. Yeah, but in combinatorial references, what I've seen is that depending on the author, sometimes they consider it as attacking, sometimes not. But for simple poliominos, if they are not in this, I mean, there is a gap between, so okay, they are non-attacking. Thank you very much again.


So, it's probably time to go into the query session, isn't it now, I think? So, basically, what I was going to do was try and get everyone to sort of run through building a query from scratch together so that we can sort of understand how it works.  So, the first thing to do is actually, we just want everyone to open up the wiki-data query service. So, you can normally just Google wiki-data query service, and that should hopefully get you the first result being this one here. And that is where you want to land. So, just let everyone sort of get there, you can type it in directly if you want. So, okay, so if everyone's got here, we're going to start building our query in a second. But basically, one of the starting points of building a query, I am going to try and do female chemists. I was going to do female scientists, but it was going to be a little bit broad and there's a few difficulties. So, a nice simple one is going to be female chemists. And I'm going to use my sort of, like, important result as my way of figuring out what the query should be. So I'm going to look up Marie Curie on wiki-data, so in that case I'm just Googling it. But a common way actually to get to the right item is to go through wikipedia. Because you see, well, actually, of course, she's, actually, there we go, she's there. So, you can just go straight to wiki-data, but one thing to remember is you can always get there by getting to the page knowing it's the right person. And then on the side there, sorry if you didn't see that, there was a little link on the side and there's always, there's always that little link on the left-hand side to get to the wiki-data item. So one way or another, we end up here, and now for our query, I'm going to scroll down and I'm just looking for occupation to see how it's been described. In fact, I'm just going to use a search here. Okay. So you can see here, she's got occupation, there's several values. She was a physicist, a chemist, and a university teacher, among other things. But this is the relationship I'm looking for. I'm looking for, I want to find people who've got occupation chemist and who are also female. So that's going to be the starting point of our query. And if you'll see this, so we can see that when I hover over it gives you a name. Occupation is a number, P106. A chemist is an item, another item of wiki-data, and it's got a Q number. But I'm going to go here and we're going to begin constructing the query. So if everyone could just copy this as I'm writing it, I'm going to just write the basic sort of structure of the query first. And then we're going to sort of take it from there. So the first line would be this select item with a question mark. Maybe I should go a bit bigger. We might be able to zoom in a little bit. Yeah, that's a bit better and I think I'll get rid of this for a moment. Okay, so select item, that's your first line that you want. And basically just press enter for a second and on the next line we're going to write where, and I'll explain what this all means a bit more afterwards. And we're going to do an open squiggly bracket like that. And then another squiggly bracket closed some way below. It doesn't really matter where. So this is the basic structure of your sparkle query. Select is telling you what you actually want to see back in your query. And that's going to basically relate to our columns that we're going to get. The where is where we're going to define what the relationships are that are going to define our query. Now, this is just a name that you can make up because this is what I'm going to call my things in my query. And I'm actually going to change it to person. So it's a bit more descriptive because we're looking for chemists. So we're going to start with our first line of actual query now. And that is what we're basically going to go for is we wanted this person that we've defined here with question mark person. We want them to have, and I'm just going to write this in natural language first, occupation of a chemist. So that's what we're looking for. This won't work in our query, but I just want to show you just so that we can see what we're essentially doing. So occupation, to actually put this property in, we're going to need this little prefix. And for now, you just say, okay, that's what I need to do to define a property, which is WDT colon. Now, this basically is the simplest way to say occupation something or date of birth something, and once you've done this, we're going to use our first Wikidata query service trick. And we're going to press control and space at the same time. Oops, I did not do that right. See what I've got to do back here. So control and space, and you should see type, it type of search to find an entity here. And I'm going to type occupation. And as you can see, it has come up with the property. It knows I'm looking for properties because of the WDT first. And if I select that, you can see what it's done. It's replaced it with the P106, which is what it needs to know. And if I hover over that, now for the occupation, now you want to say chemist. And just like we had WDT to just talk about a property, to talk about a value now, or an actual item rather, we type WD and now control space will work for finding items. And in this case, I'm looking for the Wikidata item for the concept chemist. And you see that's come up with this Q number, which I think, is that work for everyone? You can find that search. Now if we, what we do is we put a full stop at the end, because it's like a state, this is like a sort of a line and it's used to put a full stop at the end of a sentence sort of thing. Now I'm going to, and have you got that 593644? Double D codon. Now you should be able to run this query when you've got that in. If you've run your list, have you got a set of results that looks like this? We can see the major problem with this. It's true results. And if I click on that, I've got, and now we're not filtering to say females yet, so I've ended up with a male chemist here. But you can see I do have a list of chemists. It's just that I can't read what their names are. And of course what we want is their labels. Now Sparkle has built in ways of getting labels which will work across all services, things using Sparkle. But Wikidata has a label service which is particularly useful. So what we're going to do, and this might be a little bit awkward for without the control space because we have to do control space here in a blank space underneath it. And what we're looking for, there's loads of ready-made options here that might be useful. The one we're actually looking for is label. There's label service. And if you want, you can even type label. But we need to have this label service in. Now at the moment, that doesn't do anything. It just sits there. And the only rule is it kind of has to be within your where area inside the square brackets. But we're going to type person label with a capital L in our select area. So I've just added that on. And basically the label service will mean that if you add a capital L label to the end of any item that you've selected, you'll get its label. And you'll see what I mean with this. So we'll run the query. And actually we'll probably actually filter these results down a little bit to a female et cetera so it runs a bit more quickly. But I'll just let that run and we'll just see what that, there we go. So you see what we're left with now? We've now got two columns because we were selecting two things and we've got the item and the label. And so these are all the sort of names. And at the moment, the reason they're in English is because my label service is actually set to auto language first. So that'll come from, but I've then got English if it can't find out the automatic. But I could happily just change this for like Arabic or any other language. And it would automatically be saying, I'm looking for the Arabic labels, with an English full back. But in case you're adding the two letters. Exactly. And in fact, we'll do that just for our next little set results. That's Arabic with an English full back at the moment, AR, colon, EN. But what we're gonna do is we need to filter this further. So we're gonna do a new statement and basically in Sparkle, every new line that you're making is like filtering down further and further to smaller set. And we want the person to have, this time we're using the same syntax but we're looking for gender is the property that we're looking for. So I've written the WDT and I've done my control space but it's P21 is the ultimate thing we end up with. So the person has to have a P21, which is, and the item I'm looking for this time is female. And it says here, the description tells me it's a human who is female, perfect as opposed to female organism and some of these other things. But that's the one we're looking for. It's a ridiculously long Q number for female and male is also one, just one other one before that, you know, it's just because they messed up a little bit in the beginning and had an original concept of man and female, which needed replacing. So yeah, this is quite an exercise in memorizing numbers of the control space and up. I'll put another full stop on the end. And now when we run this, which some of you may have done already. Okay, so we're basically, you'll notice here that some of my results are in Arabic here. We are filtered down to women. These look like all women's names, the ones that are in English. You can see that basically in terms of Arabic labels, you know, where there's sporadically there, but we're still missing quite a lot of Arabic labels clearly for these women. I'm going to just change that back to English for a moment. Just thought we've gone at simple. Yeah. Yeah, I mean, basically what we've done there is if I was just to say Arabic only, it makes it a little bit clearer what's going on. So these are literally this one here, this item, no one has yet added the Arabic label. And if I go to this person, you'll see, okay, all into languages. And you can see that her name has been added in all these different languages, but not in, you can see that it's not in this language, it's not in Persian here, not in Hebrew. But in Tamil language, she actually does have a label there.  And the story so far is that we've been, we've been defining our query with these lines here. And we've got the person has to have an occupation of chemists and the person has to have a gender, which is female. So we're so far, we've got to female chemists and we are selecting, these are defining what columns we're getting. And you can see that's the person, which is her actual Wikipedia to write them. And that's the label, which at the moment we've got running in Arabic. And I'm just changing that back to English for a moment. So effectively, what we're gonna do now is we've got female chemists. Now what I'd like to do is this is a little bit boring, this result set. I would like to see an image for whoever we can get an image for. So I'm gonna now say another line, exactly the same as the last ones that we've done. So WDT, and this time I'm looking for an image. And that's the one I'm actually looking for, image or relevant illustration of the subject, P18. Now the difference is here, and I'm gonna almost put a space here to show you the difference here. The first two lines I actually specified what I wanted this value at the end to be. In this case, I'm not gonna specify it. I need to just call it something because I'm not saying I want the image or all the results to have this exact image. I'm just saying what I want to know what the image is. So you put it in as a question mark. Now if I go up here and put image, nothing will show unless I actually select it, but it's not gonna sort of show me a new column with images or anything. But what I should have now is if I play this, you can see I've got a new column for the image. And so I've now got my personal label and the image and that's an image from Commons. And I'm just gonna show you that here, we have, it's a bit awkward the way my screen's jumping up and down there, but if you can see there that you have some display options after you've run your query. Now that we've got images, we've got our first few options coming up and the image grid is the one I wanna just quickly show you now. So now we're already, and it will take a moment to load them all up, but already with a simple query, we've already got something a bit prettiest to look at. It's like an image grid of female chemists. So there we go. So can you just spell that out again? Yes, so where it was was here and effectively it's that's got your default view.  Okay, so yeah, the default view is table and that's where we started and the other ones are gonna come available. So there's loads of other visualizations here and what I wanna do is just take you through getting some of the, I wanna make the timeline option come to life and I wanna make the map option come to life. So what we're gonna do is, well, to get some kind of meaningful date to having a timeline, the birth date is the logical thing for people. So I want my person just like before to have this and I'm gonna do a control space. Oops, keep on doing that. Oops, lost it completely. Okay, so I'm gonna do a, what I'm looking for this time is date of birth and if I just type in any order, it should be able to find that. So p569 is our date of birth property. Yes, sure, yeah. These WDPP so long, identify them. I'm assuming you covered this before, so I do a follow up. Oh yeah, yeah, but basically the deal is is that we're using this prefix as the way of describing a wiki data property. So effectively all the descriptive properties like place of birth, date of birth, your image, your, you know, your height, all the properties we use to describe the data all have a unique P number and that's our identifier on wiki data. I must, I'm a very old serial. Well, they are sort of persistent. I'll give you an example here. Like just so the Q numbers are the actual concepts. So we have this is Joanna Budwig, that's her Q number always will be. But here are the properties used to describe her and you can see instance of is P31 and always will be, meaning what is it? Image is P18 and always will be. So they're just the same as the Q numbers in a way, but for uniquely identifying the properties and that's basically, and the prefix here, the WDT is, it gives us, it's what's called the truthy or simple version of the property and it just gives us a very simple answer to a question and basically it's the one you always want to use in the beginning is WDT colon and after that you use a slightly more complicated version which allows you to get deeper into it and get into the qualifiers and references. But for now, we're going to keep with the simple version because it does 99% of everything you need anyway. So what I want to do is I'll call this just birth dates. We're not allowed spaces. I mean, you can call these what you like. I've just done birth date with a capital D there. But as with everything, we're not really gonna, we're not gonna see a new column of results unless we add it to the top and bear in mind the visualization options can't see that data unless we select it. So as far as it's concerned, there is no date of birth until it's been selected to visualize it. So I'm gonna press play on that and we've now got a new column with the date of birth but I'm gonna go to table now and see what other options and now I've got timeline available. So now we have a timeline and you can see I can, this is the simple built in timeline for the query service. We'll show you shortly a histopedia version which is a little bit nicer. But already you can see the sort of power with a few lines. We've got timelines and image grids. These can all be shared. Yes, and this is one of the things I was gonna show you in a second is the fact that you can see that we have, on the left we've got one of these options just to share a link. Now what that'll be is that will share a link just to this page with the query visible and everything else. But after you've run the query, you've got these little options down here at the top and one of the great ones is short URL to results. And if I click on that one, this actually gives me a sort of a full page version of it. So it's a link that'll get someone just to the query results. And one little thing to add there, if I was to share that query, you'll see what it does over here. So this is my short URL to the results and you see I get a full screen. They even got a little search filter up there. But it's not in my timeline view. And so how do we choose which view we actually want for this? And the way we do that is by putting in a line with a comment. Now comments always come after the hash symbol. And basically you'll see it's actually come up with a whole load of options here, which is what it's looking for to know. And if I said default view timeline, that now knows that when I click run, that's the view that it wants. And likewise, now that I've done that, if I click short URL to result, that will be to the timeline or whatever view I've chosen. Okay, so we're just gonna move on now to get, is everyone okay with that so far? Any questions or anything? We're just going to do one last thing here, which is that we wanna get a map of where they were born. So we're looking to get a map of where all these different chemists were born. So we're gonna say the person has, and it's the same syntax again, but we're gonna say place of birth this time, which is a P19. And I'm going to say this is called just birthplace. Now, if I type birthplace here and I try and select this new birthplace, what I'll get is I will get the wiki data column with the wiki data item numbers for these birthplaces, like London, it will come up as Q42 and it will be a list of Q numbers. And just like I've done here with person label, it's actually what I'm really interested in is the birthplace label. So I've put the capital L label on the end. And if I just run that a second, actually, I'm gonna take off this default view timeline for a second as well. So I'm just gonna press run on that. Okay, so look, you see my new column here? I've got birthplace on the end, Nashville, et cetera, et cetera. I don't know why someone's got, I know that's not two different birthplace, that's fine. Now the problem is, you'll notice here, the map has not yet come to life. So we know where they were born, the query itself doesn't actually know where those places are yet on a globe. So all we need to do is use this, this is like the magic of sparkle is that you'll kind of, you'll find connections to things and you can really connect it to any other bit of data once you know the syntax. And so what we, so far, everything we've been finding out is about the person. But this time, we wanna find something out about the birthplace because we know there is this birthplace, we've got that now, but we want that birthplace, we want the coordinates of that birthplace and that's where we use the property coordinates location. And I'm gonna say coordinates. Now that one line there is kind of a magic of sparkle because we've said the birthplace is connected to the person and then we're saying that from that birthplace, we're connecting to the coordinates. And of course, that sort of chain of events could go on as long as you like. I'm gonna now select those coordinates and bear in mind, if I didn't care about actually seeing the birthplace itself in my columns, I could remove that, it wouldn't matter. We've defined how to get to the coordinates. So I'll just, I'll click play on that. And once you've copied that in there, you should be able to select a map and that's what we see. So we've got a map of the birthplaces of the female chemists in wiki data. So already with a very simple few definition lines, and you see we've only used the same thing every time. We've used WDT property, WD item or a variable we're looking for. And we've ended up with quite a rich map. And if you click on one of these dots, you'll see it pops up with a little card and a nice, a very nice thing to embed. Now one thing I'd like to point out just at this second here. So we've actually, we've kind of got to the objective that I was looking for that we've, we've now learned how to basically how to connect, how to find the data we're looking for. Because what we're basically doing is we're saying with every new line, we're saying it has to have this data. We actually really don't want to be doing that. The other issue on a map is that you're going to be seeing lots of points overlaid and potentially if plenty of them are born in London, you're going to see one dot in London because there's one centroid unless you, unless you find out which borough they were born in and that starts to divide off. I've just put that option just to quickly, everyone just copies that because the key thing is normally with an image, you really don't want to miss the result just because they don't have an image. And what you'll notice is you've got the count of results here. It said my last count was 173 results. If I run that again, I'm now up to 434 results in one fell swoop because the image condition is now taken away. And what you'll find is actually, to be quite honest, this will be a logical thing to do in this query. Say, you know what, I want this data, but only if it's there. I don't want to miss results if it's not. Put it around all of them. Now, basically I'm doing these around individual lines and it's a great way of using optional just to say look, this thing, I want it to be optional. And what it will amount to is you'll have occasional blank fields here which you never have without the optional. But basically that's the key to getting the extra results that we're missing. One little thing here is that this little thing is a bit of a combo. It goes together, doesn't it? We've got the person's place of birth and then we've got the place of birth coordinates. So with this one, if I wanted to make this optional, then I would actually wrap it around the whole double line in this case. Now, I was going to guess that this relationship between place and co-ordinate which could be quite complicated would be wrapped up in a service. Now, I've not seen the service thing before and I thought, oh, that's really cool. That's doing something that can be quite complicated. Yes, yeah. So why is there a place there? Well, there actually is, but it's for, the issue is it's for, like in this case, because there's the simple coordinates of, this p65 property is always the coordinates for anything. So it can be for a city or be classed as a center point. But then the main thing is, is that you actually, they have this service for working with coordinates and that's how you do queries of things that are in a surrounding area or in a boundary box. So you can do a query for what's within 10 kilometers of us, anything, in a radius and you bring it up on a map and you'll see a big circle of the dots. For that, you do use the around service which has got great ways of sort of. I know that to do things like saying, it's in the UK if it says it's born in Edinburgh. Well, that's normally something that you have to define yourself in your query but you can find those relationships because you're saying, look, I want a player's person who was born in a place and that place, I want it to be in Edinburgh or in Scotland or whatever is your criteria. So it's more of a connectivity thing but I have to say, this is where you want to explore here is in the example section and you'll see there's some really cool examples. It's kind of basically where you should just go and try and get inspiration for what you can do. And if you look at sort of like, let's have a look, I just typed, yeah, distance or within or something like that. Okay, airports within 100 kilometers of Berlin as it happens or places within one kilometer of the Empire States building. I'm just going to run that query and we'll see. So there we go and I'm just going to put that on a map and we'll see that's the result of this but it just gives you a little place to start if you want to look at how the label service works and I'll just show you that on a map quickly. So that's you see, that's basically what you've ended up with as you would expect a bunch of dots held within that circle. So really cool, I mean that's like some of the location based of the queries, you can do it as unbelievable. But essentially, that's the major, I mean what we've gone over now, that can write like almost such a whole massive range of queries, you know, like just go to an item. So I want to find, oh, I want to find cats, go to the page of a famous cat. Oh, how was he described? Right, it's an instance of cat. So I'll put that in my query. I want my thing to be WDT P31 cat and that's basically it. So what I would like to do, we've actually got like about 13 minutes or 13, 15 minutes left, I actually think that we've got all the skills here to actually just try and construct a query of our own here. Like just come up with something you're interested in and try to find the WikiData item for that thing. Like I just gave the example of cats but let's say that I was looking for my query, I wanted it to be planets. So I look up Mars, fourth planet from the sun. Okay, how do we know that's a planet and it's got, okay, instance of inner planet of a solar system. So maybe that's too specific for me but maybe I'm all right with that. But yeah, this is what I'd encourage you to do now. Like you can use anything here. Like say here, look, I've got part of the solar system. So if I was to go back here and say I wonder what other stuff is part of that, I'll delete all of these. I'm going to delete all of those. I'm left with the basic structure again and I'll say I'm looking for the item and I want the items label and I want the item to be WDT part of WD colon the solar system. So you see what I've done there. I just looked at a statement on the page and now I'm putting that into my query and when I type, there we go, I've got a list of things which are part of the solar system according to that. So that's the process. So there's about 10 minutes and I just would love it if everyone was able to think, okay, let me find a person or a thing I'm interested in. Maybe a building, might be a place, might be a planet, might be a concept, a mathematical formula or something like that. Just try and find the wiki data item that you would like your list to include and try and figure out how you would get a list of those things. The other thing is the examples section at the top of the wiki data query service is a good place to start off. Absolutely.  But if you were to type something you're interested in, okay, buildings in more than one country, some of these, when you open them up, are going to be more advanced queries. Something like that, places within one kilometer of the Empire State Building, you could easily change the Empire State Building. Absolutely true. Something local, I don't know. Yeah, he's absolutely, that's the beauty of modification here, because look, he's saying there, look, go to the query, I've hovered over that and I can find that that's the Empire State Building. Slightly different syntax that we were using because you can see it appeared first, basically because we're saying the Empire State Building needs to have a location of this location, and it's sort of just finding out what the location of it is. But you could change this to something else and we'll say, let's make that instead of the London Eye maybe. Yeah. And now I'll click play and with that one simple change, we should on our map be able to see things much more clearly. That is indeed the London Eye. So you see the idea and we can change the radius as well. If we look in here in that query, they had another little bit that was saying what the distance is and you see it's got radius is one, one of the label service parameters. So yeah, have a fiddle around, come up with any kind of query, either a modified one or if you're feeling really brave, go from scratch and try and build something. But basically, yeah, and just like holler as soon as you need a bit of advice about anything. But it was a challenge for you. Yes. Yes. The secrets on Facebook. Interesting, interesting. So we're basically looking for all the political parties in the world and we want to count up their members. So I guess the first thing is we need to firstly look up, sorry, I'll just look up the conservative or some party here. Is this something that's... Absolutely true. I mean, we know that this data is nowhere near complete because there is a huge project underway that Ewan was mentioning there. There's this every politician project and it's a huge initiative to try to get the data about every single, you know, politician, member of parliament across all countries described, you know, in terms of the term that they served and what's going on because it's considered such vital knowledge for people to be able to access. But it is possible. One thing we didn't go into here is any of the counting commands and the counting commands are incredibly powerful. But they are not too hard to learn but it's just another segment. It's like I consider that to be phase two after this. But the first thing I would do is I would just try and find out if we could get that list. So this is an instance of political party which seems like a nice real simple measure. So what I would like to do and I think as well, let's have a look and see if they have country. Okay, so here's an interesting thing just to do immediately is let's have, let's get rid of all of that a second. And I guess if everyone's effective, let's just get rid of all of that, sorry. Yeah, and obviously just let us know if I need a hand with anything in particular. I'm just going to show how I'd get to this. So basically we're looking for a party and we'll get the party label and my definition there was that the party had instance of it was political party. And you see it always, normally for me it basically involves looking at how it's been described and unfortunately you will find inconsistencies all the time where it might have been none of this for the British ones and then completely differently for the Spanish ones or whatever it would be. But actually what we've got here is quickly a list of political parties. So that's like we've got that with one line basically. The other thing that's of interest here just quickly before we do the counting thing is what about the country because then you can sort of order this by... I'm going to call that country. That's the country label. But that should at least give us a list broken down by country and if we were looking to count members now the question is how are the members described and I would have thought it's by the... on the persons page itself. So if we go to Theresa May I'm presuming she's going to be a member of the Conservative Party. We've got a member count on the item. Is that member count? Brilliant. Okay so let's have a look if that's directly available because if that's directly available and well filled out then it means we don't need any of the fancy sparkle counting commands because we can get the count as just a straightforward answer to one of our questions. So party has to have a member count it's a new one on me. I've not seen that property. And now hopefully because we've restricted our results to political parties this count should be what we're looking for. I'm purposefully not putting an option around this because we're actually interested in how many results actually have this meaningful data. 304 have our count. I haven't selected it yet. So it's obviously beginning to be used this might be part of the every politician project actually. But look yeah so we've got our count of members here and actually what we can do because we've now got a column with some numbers in it it's a great thing that we can just do immediately is just we get the bubble chart available which is a beautiful way of looking at counts so you can see it's a funny old shape at the moment because I haven't ordered it by something and if you actually look at there we go so it goes yes and what we've got I don't know why that's a very strange little glitch I lose whether it's still there but I can't see it so basically what we'd like to do here is at the end afterwards after the end of our bracket we can just do order by and if I order by count it will start with the smallest one but I would like a descending count so I want the big ones on the top so I just type descending and then I can put count in brackets here and this is just a way that you can order your results if you did it with a birth date instead it would try and order them chronologically it's like a kind of a clever ordering oh yeah we are there aren't we but I'll just press play on that yeah far away we will be brilliant brilliant that's our final result there interesting little result yeah this is just the JavaScript our timeline engine has now been sort of taken apart so you can actually use it with any data and it's sort of a free for non-commercial use things just kind of go ahead and use this but basically yeah this is sort of one of the things I mean it's I've defined a lot of these demos just by running running queries basically let me just get a good example there so let's give them so I basically ran a wiki data query to get some data and then I've sort of thrown it in and made a slightly more customized version of the interface to control the island record albums you know with decade decade markers and effectively this is actually using the ranking system and you can see there the idea behind it that you need to you know you zoom out and you get the important ones and you zoom in and it slowly shows you more but yeah it's a great example of how that's me running a query and downloading the data because they had a download option there and just using it to build this thing you know you can just use it for whatever you like and of course if you know how to code a little bit you can do really powerful things but even without that one of the download options is just CSV and you can open it in a spreadsheet start manipulating it and doing things with it


No smoking. That was dumb. Hey, welcome back to our stream of reaction idiots, I'm Corbin and this is Rick. Please follow us on Instagram and Twitter. It's still wet from your mouth. That's what mouths are. Juicy. Juicy. And follow us on our official Twitter account. I did it. We tweet there. We do. And he twats there. Yes, I do. Okay, we are reacting to a very, very, very requested train-off. It's three. It's called No Smoking. I don't know who's in it, but it's been requested for a while. It didn't have English subs, so our friend Heynoz... You know who has English subs? The British military. Our friend Heynoz. Heynoz. Heynoz. Just give us subtitles. Heynoz. Heynoz. Heynoz. You got it? Ready? And I don't know how good the quality is, so sorry. Now we'll land on Heynoz. Just kidding, Heynoz. He's smoking. I don't leave anything. I don't leave anything that I don't catch. You're somewhere, right? Yeah, we do. That's what the cabaret is. You're so used to it that you've fallen down. You're not at all used to it. You can't see anything. You can't see anything. I'll leave everything and hit you. You're going? You going? I'm coming. You're going. I think this whole dream will become a dream. We are going. We are going. We are going. We are going. I'm coming. I don't I don't know what's going to happen if I don't know what's going to happen if I don't know what's going to happen I mean it's a good thing to quit smoke.  I want to see if it's actually him. Okay So Vishal is the composer Well, he does that in his films that he directed and no no he did not direct it He's producer is a producer and a composer composer. Okay was the first thing I noticed about the trailer that I liked Was the music was that whatever song that was yeah, I'm gonna find that song because it was a good song Yeah Was it was that and we love him. Yeah But so let's read what the actual synopsis is a surreal story which we got from the second half of the trailer Yeah, a surreal story about a man his addiction of smoking and a mysterious and powerful organization which claims to cure such addictions Though through very unusual ways. That's exactly what the trailer showed 2007 that part where the fingers and look at the runtime. It's only two hours Okay guys, too. I I I'm thinking this guy along with our guy from Padma. But two very different directors, obviously Oh, very different director, but he is becoming one of my favorite directors unquestionably general unquestionably because this was so Interesting, I mean, but this isn't his obviously his hands are on this because he's a producer and a composer. It was John Abraham That's who it was. Yeah, yeah, that's it. Yes. We know we were we're getting there guys. Sorry guys We're catching up Well, we haven't even seen him anything besides no, we've just seen the trailers in the fights. Yeah, so But yeah, I'm guessing this film is because it's been requested. Oh a lot and so I'm guessing it has to be good I hope it looks really good And it looks different especially when it kind of did that little switch. That's where which Indian trailers always do Right. There's always a little usually there's a few times where like but I hope and a couple of the other one like what was the one with the Vicky donor Of Vicky don't they stay pretty much right down the path. They're going when they start and I thought this might be like that Just going straight down that path But when it took the turn I went from okay to I want to see this. Yeah So I'm trying to see where this director is from Gangs of wasp or oh gangs of wasp or he's dang director of gangs of wasp or okay Uden Queen and dev D. Dang. Yeah. He's a big time director. Okay. Hey guys. Wow. Yeah, let us know I mean if it has that guy who's When we've watched the first gangs the directing was Scorsese level. Yeah Yeah, so that kind of level and then you got Vishal behind it, right? And then you've got John Abraham who we haven't seen in anything. Yeah And I think the score is gonna be really really good too So please let us know how it is and I hope it's really really good because