Welcome back to my channel and welcome if you are new here today you are in for a treat I have a fantastic WW weekly meal prep coming your way I have breakfast I have lunch and I have a really whole food wholesome snap I'm planning to take it with me to Vegas I'm heading there on Friday to meet all of my WW tribe members off of my Facebook group that are able to make it over to Vegas if you're not part of my Facebook group I'm gonna put it right there on the screen for you definitely head over join my group we're just under 9,000 members it is so positive fun energetic lots of great ideas shared on that Facebook group so head over and join us you'll get a whole vlog coming your way of our trip to Vegas I cannot wait to see everybody meet everybody and spend some time with everybody so this week I made a really good fall festive pumpkin dish I made a delicious copycat lunch recipe and that snack so if you want to see what I have meal prep for the upcoming week just keep watching so the first thing I need to do for meal prep is get my chicken marinating so that it has time to really absorb those flavors while I make my breakfast and the rest of my lunch prep so for lunches I'm gonna be doing some marinated chicken along with my salad so what I need is two breasts of chicken these are the thick ones I'm gonna go ahead and slice those long ways to make them nice and thin you'll also need some apple cider vinegar oil you can use olive or avocado and whatever marinade you want and I'm gonna go with this brown sugar bourbon because my salad is kind of sweet so I wanted my chicken to have a sweet nest to it as well and then of course some water so let's get this chicken chopped in half and into the marinade ready to go into the fridge get it nice and marinated oh it smells delicious so I'm gonna throw this in the fridge and we'll get started on breakfast so for breakfast this week I'm gonna be having a baked pumpkin chocolate chip oatmeal now let me just tell you how incredibly excited I am about my breakfast I love anything pumpkin I love anything chocolate so this should be absolutely delicious and you're getting that hearty baked oatmeal I'm going to pair this with some eggs so it's going to be a very filling full breakfast for the smart point so let me show you what is in our pumpkin baked oatmeal you're going to need some old-fashioned rolled oats make sure you do not use quick cook oats for this recipe use the old-fashioned rolled oats milk of your choice I'm gonna be doing this carb master milk from Kroger it's the same points as almond milk so feel free to substitute almond cashew coconut milk whatever you prefer you'll need some salt some pumpkin pie spice so I'm gonna be using the DAX pumpkin pie spice as you know this is my all-time favorite pumpkin pie spice ever it is amazing I love DAX because they are all natural no MSG and even better no salt so great spices to use before weigh-in or if you're someone that just needs to watch your salt intake because the flavor in these spices is amazing and this particular one for the pumpkin it's super clean ingredients cinnamon spices and honey and every one of DAX recipes you can pronounce or spices you can pronounce every ingredient so that is always a good thing so if you're interested in DAX I do have a 10% off discount code it is here on the screen for you head on over check them out they have about 20 different spices I own everyone and I love everyone but I have to say this pumpkin spice is on the top of my list so I'll be adding some of that you're also going to just need some ground cinnamon vanilla bean paste is what I'm going to be using you can also use just vanilla extract whatever you have on hand I'm going to be using the PB2 but this is the powdered almond butter so I'm going to substitute this in place of oil or peanut butter just to kind of enhance the almondy flavor of this recipe so I'm going to be doing the PB2 almond butter you'll need some canned pumpkin some sugar-free maple syrup and lastly some chocolate chips I'm just going to be going with lilies so let's get started on our breakfast so let's get started on our oatmeal so we've got two cups here of the rolled oats and we're just going to mix everything in a large bowl here to that I'm going to add my pumpkin pie spice I do not major as you know I love pumpkin pie spice so I add quite a bit generally I'm also going to add just a dash of salt and that just helps bring out the pumpkin flavoring and then just a little bit of cinnamon as well since there is cinnamon in the pumpkin pie spice and then we're just going to mix this together get everything kind of nice and combine and then we'll add in our wet ingredients now for our wet ingredients I'm going to add my one third cup of milk and again this is the carb master milk from Kroger I'm also going to add one quarter cup of my sugar-free maple syrup I'm going to add vanilla bean paste in place of vanilla extract so I'm just going to put in just about a teaspoon of the vanilla bean paste and then lastly I have one and a third cup here of the unsweetened hundred percent pure pumpkin so I'm going to go ahead and add that and we're going to give this a big mix make sure everything is nice and mixed together and then we'll go ahead and add in our chocolate chips now I'm going to reserve some of my chocolate chips to pop on top because I like that look of the chocolate chips on top plus it adds that really intense chocolate flavor in every bite so get your pumpkin oatmeal mixture all nice and combined and then we'll add in those chocolate chips lastly is our chocolate chips so I went ahead and measured out four servings of the lilies chocolate chips which is approximately 240 chips so I'm going to add almost all of them just reserve a small amount again for the top of the pancake bake you can really use any chocolate chip just make sure that you're recalculating the points if it's a chip other than lilies because your points may be a little bit higher but there is our pumpkin chocolate chip bake I'm going to get this in a pan and we'll get this into the oven I went ahead and sprayed my 8 by 8 pan with some non-stick cooking spray we're going to go ahead and add in this delicious pumpkin chocolate chip mixture you guys I am really excited about this this smells so good I can smell the pumpkin but I can also smell the sweetness of the vanilla bean in there as well as the pumpkin pie spice oh yum so we're just going to spread this out into the bottom of our 8 by 8 pan so this is going to be a thicker baked oatmeal than the traditional one that you cook in either the what is it 9 by 11 pan or the 9 by 13 so this is going to be a little bit thicker which is awesome so we're going to go ahead and spread that again as evenly as you can I wish you guys could smell this I really do because it smells so good all right and then to that we're just going to top it with the leftovers of our chocolate chips so just kind of evenly put those over the top just so you get that little bit of a yummy extra chocolate chip in every bite here of your pancake bake oh my goodness you guys oh my goodness okay there you have it so we're ready to get this into the oven it goes in at 380 for about 20 minutes and then we're actually going to turn our oven off and keep this in there for an additional 20 minutes while the oven is off so I'm going to get this in the oven and I'll be back to show you our completed oatmeal bake well our bake is in the oven we're going to make some almond butter to go on top so I have four tablespoons of the PB2 almond butter and then I'm going to do a spin on Amanda Lewis's recipe so if you do not know who Amanda Lewis is definitely check her out on both YouTube and Instagram I will put her name here on the screen for you she's amazing she is the WWR she's lost on over 50 pounds she's a wonderful human being so definitely check out her channel this is actually her recipe so she does it with PB2 but I'm gonna do it with almond butter and then all you do is you mix in some syrup now if you have the really thick syrup you probably will need to add a little bit of almond milk to thin it out but you're going to mix in syrup until you get the tech consistency of peanut butter and let me just tell you how amazing this is you guys this is so good this is her recipe something she created but I'm excited to share it with you guys and also share her channel with you because again in my opinion she's one of the best WW YouTubers so go ahead and mix that together until you get that nice creamy texture of peanut butter or in my case almond butter and this is just going to be spread on top of our pumpkin bake when we go to eat it and it's just going to add that depth of flavor and it's also going to add if you were to use even regular almond butter it would add that extra fat and protein to your recipe but again mine is the PB2 version but it's just really going to add that yummy flavor to my bake so here's what you have is that nice almond butter consistency so I'm just going to put some saran wrap on this and then when we go to eat our pumpkin chocolate chip bake we'll add a little bit of this on top and I do already have this figured into the total points for our breakfast so I'll get this in the fridge and let's look at this beauty oh my goodness my house already smells so amazing so full of fall so excited so I just pulled this out of the oven I am going to allow it to cool just a little bit it'll be a little bit easier to cut and then I'm going to go ahead and assemble my meal prep containers I'll be back to show you exactly what I'm having for breakfast and give you the smart points so here are my breakfast you only see four here because I'm short Mandarin so I'm going to pick up another bag this week so my other meal prep container only has the pumpkin bake but I'm going to show you this bake you guys look at this I mean could that look any more delicious it is full of chocolate and pumpkin and oatmeal oh it sounds amazing it smells amazing I did try a little bit it's super good so this oatmeal bake I'm going to top with that almond butter that we made with this syrup again that was from Amanda Lewis's channel definitely check her out and have a couple oranges and I'll probably cook up a couple of eggs and the days that I'm in a hurry I'll grab a couple hard boiled eggs as I head out the door so for my breakfast one sixth of the pumpkin chocolate chip oatmeal bake is only five smart points and that includes the almond butter so that is five points my oranges are obviously zero my eggs will be zero so my breakfast here you guys five smart points five smart points of pumpkin chocolate chip deliciousness along with that marinated chicken for lunch I'm going to be making a copycat Chick-fil-A superfood salad you guys I cannot wait for this this salad is generally really high in points and I'm going to make a ww friendly version that still has all of the goodness of the original so first let me show you what's in the salad and then I'll show you what is in our maple vinaigrette that we're going to make for our salad so the salad has mixed kale or baby kale in it so I went ahead and picked up two bags from Trader Joe's I wasn't sure exactly how much kale I would need for enough salad for the five days so I went ahead and picked up two bags you'll also need some baby broccoli or broccoli knee so I picked that up at Trader Joe's as well dried cherries again Trader Joe's these are the unsweetened so these are zero points I count these as zero there's nothing added to them they're literally dried cherry so these are zero and then also some almonds and not almonds I'm sorry walnuts and we're going to toast those and give them that nice toasty nut flavor and then for our maple vinaigrette you're going to need an oil of your choice I'm going to be doing avocado oil apple cider vinegar sugar-free maple syrup I have the joseph's I actually purchased this off of netrician and I have to say this is my all-time favorite syrup ever it is so good it is seriously the best sugar-free syrup there is a link for netrician down in the description box so check it out click the link it'll take you to the site you can peek around highly recommend adding this to your cart if you do put in a netrician order salt and pepper and fresh lemon zest and juice so let's get started on this copycat Chick-fil-A superfood salad the first thing I'm going to be doing for my salad is toasting my walnuts so I just have them here on a cookie sheet on some parchment paper I'm going to throw these into the oven for just a few minutes just until they get nice and toasty toasting nuts brings out their natural flavor and makes them taste a million times better so I'm going to get these in the oven and then we'll start getting our broccoli chopped up our lemon zested and juiced so for a salad I need to go ahead and chop up my baby broccoli or my broccolini and then I need to both zest and juice my lemon so let's get started on that so we can start putting together our salad together our dressing for our salad so you're just going to need a cereal type of bowl to that we are going to add one quarter cup of olive or avocado oil I don't have olive so I'm going to use avocado we're also going to add one quarter cup of sugar-free maple syrup you guys look how thick this Joseph's syrup is I'm telling you this is the most authentic to real full sugar maple syrup I've ever found and it is so thick I had to make sure I got a spoon look at that to get the syrup I mean it's insane and it is so incredibly delicious so we're going to add a quarter cup of that I have two tablespoons of apple cider vinegar we're going to do a little dash of salt and we're going to do a little dash of a pepper and then lastly we're going to be adding in about two tablespoons of that fresh squeezed lemon juice that we did and then we're also going to add in our lemon zest now it wants a teaspoon I'm just going to add everything I have I love lemon anything so the more the merrier and I'm just going to take my little mini whisk here and I'm going to mix this together and we have the Chick-fil-A maple vinaigrette that easy so I'm going to put some saran wrap on this and throw this in the fridge while we put together the rest of our salad and then we're going to go ahead and cook up those chicken breasts that we have marinating in the fridge so let's put together our salad so what you're going to need is your baby kale or whatever kale you're using look at these delicious toasted walnuts yum you'll also need your chopped up baby broccoli and lastly your dark sweet cherry so I'm actually going to put everything in my bowl and then we'll package up our vinaigrette separately so we want a good amount of the baby kale just as much as you want to have each day then remember the more lettuce you use the more dressing you have to use so just keep that in mind as you're putting together your little superfood salads here but I have my baby kale and then I'm going to take one-fifth of my broccoli because I'm actually going to be making this salad for all five days this next week so I want to make sure that I have enough broccoli for all five days I want one tablespoon of my toasted nuts so I'm just going to kind of wing about a tablespoon here of my toasted nuts and then since these are zero I'm not too worried but I do just want probably I don't know 10 or so of the dried cherries and there you have it you guys this is the chick filet superfood salad let me show you how we're going to package up our vinaigrette and then I'll show you exactly what our completed salad looks like and we'll start that chicken kids are complete in my little reusable containers I have one-fifth of the dressing these are great they have these cute little plastic lids they're awesome you don't have to throw them away like the disposable plastic ones you literally just throw them into your dishwasher so it's good on the environment they're easy they keep everything nice and cold because they are that kind of aluminum steel casing so I have one-fifth of the dressing I'm going to go ahead and add it to each of my superfood salads and you guys that's it look at how amazing this looks you're getting your veggies you're getting a little sweetness from the cherries some protein from the nuts broccoli and then that amazing maple vinaigrette so this is the superfood salad let's get our chicken cooking and then I'll show you my entire lunch and give you all of the smart points so we're ready to get our chicken in the oven I have my oven preheating to 375 I have my sheet here lined with some parchment paper oh my goodness this marinade smells amazing all right so we're going to get our chicken put out here on the parchment paper that's just going to help make it a lot easier for cleanup and then our marinated chicken here looks again absolutely delicious it smells sweet and kind of tangy all at once so I'm really excited about that so there is our marinated chicken breast I'm just going to pop these into the oven and we'll have one of these each day with our superfood salad yum look at this chicken this looks so good I just pulled it out of the oven I'm going to allow it to cool and then I'm basically going to just put it into I don't know if I'm going to do a ziplock bag or if I'm just going to put it on a plate and then just pull the chicken breast off every day that's probably what I will do but the chicken is done and I'll be back to show you my lunch and give you all of the smart points so here's what I'm going to be having for lunches this week so I'm going to be having one of these chicken breasts couple of these are rather large so I'll slice it in half and that will give me enough for five days I count this chicken as one point because I do count one smart point for the marinade due to the fact that there is some oil in there as you know there's always marinade left in the bag so I don't need to feel like we need to count more than one point but I always like to count one smart point and then of course I have my superfood salad my copycat Chick-fil-A with my dressing the salad with dressing is five smart points you can't beat that you guys you're getting veggies you're getting walnuts you're getting vinaigrette with the healthy avocado oil all for five smart points so really excited about that and then for dessert I'm going to be having one of my chocolate right peanut butter cup patties this is what these look like there are two peanut butter patties per package they are 35 calories per cup so this package is a total of two smart points you can't beat it and these are a really good dupe for Reese's I feel like they taste a cross between Reese's and a butterfinger and they are delicious I purchased mine off of the protein wise website there's a link down below if you click the link it'll give you ten dollars off your first order so you can order a few boxes of these for free and you can do a little bit of shopping around as they have tons of ww friendly delicious items so I'm going to be having one of my chocolate right path of peanut butter cups oh that's a tongue twister for two smart points so it's two for my dessert five for my salad and one for my chicken so this is my eight smart point lunch for a snack this week I'm going to be having a sheet tray maple cinnamon trail mix I cannot wait for this I've been craving trail mix and again I'm going to be taking this with me to my meet-up in Vegas so here's what's in the trail mix first you're again going to need some sugar-free maple syrup you know I love this Joseph's again I purchased this off of nutrition there's a link down below you'll need a little bit of salt reduced sugar craisans cinnamon powder raw almonds I think these are lightly salted almonds you could really do either one pumpkin seeds and walnuts so this is going to be a super heavy protein and quality fat trail mix so let's get started so to put together our trail mix it is super easy you can see here I have all my nuts so I have one cup of pumpkin seeds one cup of almonds and one cup of walnuts so a total of three cups of nuts and seeds so we're going to go ahead and just kind of mix that together we want to make sure that the nuts and the pumpkin seeds are nice and combined that already looks so good and to this we are going to add three tablespoons of maple syrup I am going to eyeball it the maple syrup you I've already counted for in the calories and in the point so I want to make sure I have enough here to combine all of my nuts together and get that nice sticky coating so three tablespoons of our maple syrup and then we're also going to add in a little bit of cinnamon and that's just going to give it that nice maple cinnamon taste and then of course a little bit of salt and that's just going to enhance all of those flavors go ahead and mix that together really well you want to make sure that those nuts are covered in the maple syrup that's what's going to give them that delicious maple cinnamon glaze when they cook let's get out our baking sheet line it with some parchment paper and then we'll be ready to get this into the oven so we've lined our baking sheet here with some parchment paper and then we're just going to spread out our trail mix just evenly here on the parchment paper and get that nice even coating here we don't want it too much in a lump because we want the trail mix to roast and cook completely through so just kind of spread it out as much as you can here on your parchment paper we're going to get this into our oven at 350 degrees for about 10 minutes or so just enough to kind of roast everything through and really get that cinnamon and that maple to mix in well with all of our nuts and seeds so let's get this into the oven it is looking delicious look at this trail mix oh my goodness it smells so good i just pulled it out of the oven and you can see that that syrup it's kind of sticking together oh yum so i'm just going to take my spoon and just kind of try to divide it out a little bit i know that it's going to be clustering due to the maple syrup which is honestly not a bad thing at all and then once it is cooled completely we are going to add in one cup of our reduced sugar cranberries now just heads up that was this entire package of these craisans so this is about one cup worth so go ahead and add that in take your spoon mix that together oh my goodness you guys look at how good this looks so we're just going to get this cranberries mixed in really well with our clumps of our nuts with that maple and that cinnamon oh my gosh yummy so what i'm going to do is i'm going to divide mine out into 16 servings it is pretty high smart point because you have nuts which as you know have a lot of fat which are actually really healthy and good for you and then you also are adding in those reduced sugar craisans even though they're reduced sugar they still are pretty point heavy so this is fairly point heavy but extremely satisfying whole delicious food so i'm going to divide it out into 16 and that's going to keep it a little bit more point reasonable for me so i'll show you exactly how i'm going to measure that out and what a serving size looks like so to measure it out to get an accurate serving size i have a bowl here on my food scale i have it in grams and i've zeroed it out so what i'm going to do is add all of my trail mix here into this bowl and then i will divide the number of grams by 16 so my entire batch of granola weighs 541 grams so i'm going to take that so good and i'm going to divide that by 16 which is about 34 grams per serving so what i'm going to do is remove 34 grams of trail mix into a little baggie and that will be one serving so let me get this bagged up and i'll be back to show you our granola and give you the smart points our trail mix and give you the smart points so here is one serving of the trail mix so this is a small bag i would say that you're getting about a quarter cup of the trail mix or so and again i divided mine into 16 servings so one sixteenth which is about a quarter cup of the granola is for smart points it is a little bit high but remember you're getting a lot of nuts you're getting some healthy fats and it'll keep you full so it's a great four-point snack and again i'm going to be taking this to vegas to share with all of my tribe members so here are my snacks that i'm going to be having this week so first of course i'm going to have my built bar you know i have this every day as my morning snack this tides me over until lunch it's delicious it's packed full of protein and fiber so it keeps me nice and full so i have the built burner and caramel brownie just so you know this one is no longer available this whole line of burners is not i just have some leftover so i'm going to be having that the double chocolate mousse is so good if you like chocolate galore you're going to love this double chocolate mousse the mocha chocolate cream amazing if coffee and chocolate is your thing you'll love it black cherry this one is really good it tastes like a chocolate cupboard cherry it's a fairly new flavor of built bar and then the newest one or my very very favorite one is the peanut butter you guys this is so good it actually has chunks of real peanuts in it and thick chocolate coating so incredibly delicious this is a new flavor it is available on their website so definitely check it out all of these built bars are three smart points apiece which is not bad for a protein bar the peanut butter though is four points and that's because it does have a little bit more saturated fat and calories due to using organic real peanut butter and chunks of peanuts in it but it is worth every single bit of that one extra point very it's honestly my favorite along with the mint brownie delight so i'm going to be having a built bar every morning if you're interested in built bar my code is here on the screen it'll give you 10 off and free shipping amazing that's even included on the sample pack of the built bar so you can't go wrong head over to built bar definitely pick up the peanut butter and check it out and order yourself some built bars so this is my morning snack of course i'm going to be bringing the trail mix we just made in meal prep i'm actually really excited about this and at first i was like oh that's a lot of points but not really when you have nuts and sweetness and cinnamon and craisans i'm so excited so that's four smart points and then i've been in love with the new smart cake flavor this is the vanilla latte this was one smart point per cake there are two little cakes in this package here these are low carb so they have zero sugar five grams of fiber four grams of protein per smart cake 38 calories one smart point the vanilla latte is really good it does have some caffeine so it's nice for that little afternoon boost i nuk it in the microwave for just a few seconds it's soft it's delicious it has a sugary crumb coating so good love love love the vanilla latte by the way these are keto as well so if you are following keto or you know someone that is this is a great sweet treat on the keto plan one smart point you guys can you believe that for a little cake sometimes i'll top it with a little fat free ready whip sometimes i'll make it into a parfait with yogurt you name it i love them i eat them all the time if you're interested in smart cakes my code is here on the screen head over to their website and you'll get 10 percent off your order so you can't beat it check it out they have tons of flavors i love the lemon the cinnamon the raspberry and i love this vanilla latte so that is what i'm going to be having for snacks for this next week thank you for joining me on this week's meal prep i hope you enjoyed seeing the three recipes that i shared with you everything is so good that salad oh my goodness that pumpkin oatmeal is so good with that little bit of chocolate and that trail mix is worth every smart point it's delicious and absolutely filling so i'll be taking that with me on the plane and to share with my fellow tribe members in vegas so if you're new to my channel welcome i'd love it if you would take a moment hit that little subscribe button and that bell that way you'll get notified whenever i upload a new video you don't want to miss out make sure you give this one a thumbs up comment down below let me know what of these three recipes was your favorite i'm just curious which one is a must-make for you thank you guys so much for watching i hope you have a wonderful week stay on track drink your water move your body and we'll see some results on the scale and i'll see you guys all in my next video bye


Hello, everyone. Myself is Supriya Ambarkar from Walton Institute of Technology, Solapor. Today we are going to discuss a topic on Google App Engine. This is a software that facilitates the user to run his web applications on Google infrastructures. The learning outcome. At the end of this session, students will be able to learn the working of Google App Engine platform. Also, students will be able to identify the various advantages of Google App Engine. As an introduction, Google App Engine was first released as a beta version in April 2008. The Google App Engine is a platform as a service that is in pass. It is for developing and hosting a web applications in Google managed data centers. The Google App Engine opens Google's production to any person in the world at no charge. Google App Engine is cloud computing technology. It is more reliable because failure of any server will not affect either the performance of the end user or the service of the Google. So it virtualizes applications across multiple servers and data centers. Other Google Cloud-based platforms include offerings such as Amazon web services and Microsoft Azure service platforms. So there are the list are there. Now we will see what is Google App Engine. App Engine lets you build and run applications on Google's infrastructure. App Engine applications are easy to build. App Engine applications are easy to maintain. Also, App Engine applications are easy to scale as your traffic and data storage needs change. So much like Google gives us all free email with an amazing amount of long-term storage. We now have the ability to run the software that we run in Google's data centers. Now we will see why there are various reasons for using the Google App Engine. Because of it is an easy to get started, there is a preliminary definition of this App Engine in terms of it is an easy to get started. So anyone can get started with this particular applications or this particular platform. It having an automatic scalability. As per your need, we can easily scalable one. Automatically, it is having a feature. Reliable, we can say it is having more reliability in terms of the other. Performance is good. We having lots of the performance in terms of the calculating this particular App Engine's performance ratio. Security, we can say it is an secure one. It's having some kind of a credentials. It's having an authentication. And apart from this, we are having a whole purpose for solving our deployment of an applications using this Google App Engine platform. Now we will see the different features of Google App Engine. First, there is in popular languages which has been introduced by this particular platform. So you can build your applications in using Java, Ruby, Node.js, then the C hash, Go, Python, or PHP, or you can bring your own language at runtime. So this is the more popularity in terms of the App Engine. Second one is in terms of then it is an open and flexible one. So it's a more important feature of Google App Engine. Here the custom runtimes allow you to bring any library and framework to App Engine by supplying a Docker containers. So this is an open in terms of then flexible one. So then third one is fully managed. It is a fully managed environment which lets you focus on code while App Engine manages the infrastructure concerns. The next one is in powerful application diagnostics. You can use cloud monitoring and cloud logging to monitor the health, the performance of your app, the cloud debugger and the error reporting to the diagnosis and the fix the bugs quickly. So powerful application diagnostics is there. Application versioning. You can easily host different versions of your app, easily create development, test, staging, and production environments. Next one is in traffic splitting. Traffic splitting means route incoming requests to the different app versions. So splitting is there. Next application security. It provides a safeguard to your application by defining access rules with App Engine firewall, by default on your customer, the domain at no additional cost. So it is an having insecure one. Then the last one is in services ecosystems. Tap a growing ecosystems of Google cloud services from your app, including an excellent suit of cloud developer tools. So these are all the features of Google App Engines. Now we will see the hierarchy of an App Engine. So this diagram illustrates the hierarchy of an App Engine app running with multiple services. Here in this diagram, the app has two services which contains multiple versions and two of those versions are actively running on multiple instances. The App Engine app is created under the Google cloud project when you create an application resources. The App Engine application is a top level container which includes the service, version, and instance resources.  And including your app code along with a collection of settings, credentials, and your app's metadata, every App Engine application includes at least one service, the default service that can hold as many versions of that service which you like. So this is in one kind of a hierarchy. Now we will see the overview of an Google App Engine. Here they have designed in terms of the three different separation, in terms of the support services, middle and cloud computing services, and top most is on client capabilities are there. So in terms of then support engine services, we're having in GAE data stores, GE data, Google accounts, social graphs, APIs are there, and some other services are there. So in terms of the cloud computing service, we're having in this Google App Engine platform, we're having in different kinds of the languages like a Python, the dynamic, scalable runtime environment is there. So this is in terms of an Google App Engine. Then in terms of then client capabilities, we're having in Google Web Toolkit, mashup editors, Google gears are there, Google gadgets and others are there. So in between these three different, whatever the categories, we're having in some kind of an integrations. So we want to launch a particular app, we want to launch a particular, deploy a particular app. So we're having in facility and integration between them is necessary. Now pause the video and write down your answer. Why there is the need of Google App Engine? The answer, the need of Google App Engine is because of it's a lower total cost of an ownership. It is having a rich set of APIs, fully featured SDKs, software development kits are there for and local developments, and it's having an ease of deployment. So you can easily deploy your or integrate your particular application with the help of this Google App Engine. So it's having a more popular Google App Engine in terms of this all necessary needs. Now we will see the differences between the, one more App Engine in terms of then, which has been developed by the Amazon. So we will see the some differences between the Google App Engine versus the Amazon Web Services. First in terms of then cloud services, it's having a focus in terms of Npass. AWS is in terms of Npass and us. Virtualization platform in GA is an application container. AWS, the OS level running on a Zen hypervisor. So this is an virtualization platform. The next point is platforms supported, which platform is going to support for GA? Linux Windows Server 2008 for Amazon. Linux Windows Server 2003, then then Open Solaris is there. Then then control interface. Here is an API is in control interface. Then AWS API command line is there. Storage, Bigtable and MegaStore is there. For Amazon, simple storage and the simple DB is there. Language supported in both Java, Node.js, PHP, Python, Ruby and so on. Load balancing for Java, a Google App Engine is an automatic and in terms of then Amazon it is in round robin. Data after termination, the Google will not take any action for 90 days after the effective date of termination. But in terms of an Amazon, it will not take any action for a period of 30 days after the effective date of termination. So these are the basics. The differences which we are able to suppose to consider for GA and the Amazon. Now, few points I want to focus. If your application can be architected to run within the limited Google App Engine runtime environment, then take the advantage of Google's lower hosting cost. And if you need a more flexible environment to deployment platform, then Amazon is good solutions. So GAE has a lightest admin load as compared with an Amazon. So you don't worry about how many servers your app is going to use, how to share a data, how to load balances there. So in terms of that, we will prefer the GAE. Now we will see the different advantages of Google App Engine. Here you will be getting the infrastructure for security purpose. It is an scalable one, easily scalable. Performance and reliability, we having that particular point, cost saving. We doesn't want to take to buy a particular hardware. We doesn't want to make a setup. So a readily available setup is there. We just want to take that particular cost-saving advantage. So in the platform independence is there. There is no any kind of restrictions like a language. It's having in platform independence. You can deploy your application in which language you want to prefer, which language you want to like. So platform independence is there. So these are all the advantages are going to focus for the Google App Engine platform. So we want to think. These are the references which I have referred for this particular topic. Thank you, one and all. Thank you.


A development project in Baxter that included a Panera bread and sleep number store has been put on hold after the developer backed out. The developer that had been working with the Fruth Beverage Company to develop the land between Fairview Avenue and Excelsior Avenue informed all parties that it was backing out of the project. While no reason was given for the move, Baxter City officials are optimistic that the development will go forward sooner rather than later. The next steps are for us to look at in about a month here what we want to do with the roundabout and how we want to construct that and we will make that that's giving Mr. Fruth the opportunity to decide whether he wants to go forward this year. There could be some cost savings if he's willing to excuse me not go forward this year but we go forward next year but whether he wants to do it without a developer. That roundabout would connect Excelsior Drive to Fairview Avenue. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


What's going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cars We're doing 2022 pretty black football hobby six box half case break number nine pick your team style Gonna read off our names and teams really quick a sham Steelers buccaneers Albert E Cowboys Andrew P. Bills Brian E Vikings Carl H Jets Charles K football team Chris M. Rams John Philip W Ravens and Niners Justin W Raiders. I said Ravens and Niners for John Phillip And then Justin W. He's got the Raiders Cameron T Saints Kyle P Panthers Marcel P Packers Mark E Colts Matt M Lions Matt S E with the Browns Matt S H with the Falcons Michael T Chargers Patrick M chiefs Dolphins Peter H Texans Scott F Seahawks Steve C Patriots Todd C's got the Cardinals Bengals Eagles and Giants Tom B's got the Titans Tony K Broncos at Jags and Trevor L with the Bears Hey, Trevor appreciate it. Trevor says saw you guys at the Nationals happy to finally get in a break with you Happy to have you here Trevor. Thank you, man. Appreciate it. And my life Again, does anyone I don't want to hear it from come on Sean How do you keep accidentally buying these boxes of like mid 90s cards for? You accidentally bought a 90 what two stadium club or 93 stadium club baseball recently That was when I was telling you pulled a bunch of Bobby what seniors like I just pulled a Bobby with senior There all right. Here we go. We've got Jonathan Taylor 16 out of 75 Colts That's gonna be Isaiah Spiller on the rookie First hit is gonna be Romeo Dobbs. That's going to the Packers eight out of 99 Nice one there Green Bay we've got TJ or Almost said TJ Hawkinson Aiden Hutchinson 10 out of 99 go into the Lions. That was bad There you go. Congrats on the Aiden Hutchinson. There you go Lions Yeah, right and then we've got wow four of five Calvin Austin With part of the Steelers patch of that patch on that's nasty There you go Pittsburgh. That's a sham's right a Sham's nice one there, buddy.   That's so nasty. Congrats on that one man Similar to your pick it right Rory. All right. Here we go guys Heck or box. I should say number two. Oh Patrick Mahomes On the white knight.  Those are so sick Magnus, I would say yeah, that is him. That is awesome. Let's go dude Whoo, we've got Jalen Hertz 26 out of 75. Let's go into the Eagles one second here 12 to go guys 10 box Tuesday 12 to go breaks soon All right, got Damian Pierce on the Jersey card 16 out of 99 there you go, Texas. I Told the chiefs of the next one. Well, we'll hit you another big chief that chief then rich Leo Chanel 136 out of 199 on the auto. Do we get an extra hit in this? No, it's the same card and then we've got go into the chiefs sky more 83 out of 99 on the black RPA still break and grads on that one true true Like I said, we got to get you a big chief in the next half case then big like Tyree kills shadow signature Got these on that stinky Wow force field another short print that's I'm DK Metcalf. There you go Seahawks Congrats on that Seattle. Let me see who's got Seattle Of course, we can't find them throw where the Seahawks there they are Scott f congrats Scott We've got nice Kyle Pitts 27 out of 35 Gonna change it to nine now We've got Danny Gray on the jersey 15 out of 99. There you go Niners futuristic We've got nice one here Rashad white 66 out of 199 that's going to the Buccaneers nice one there Tampa and then we've got a Shreylon Berks 14 out of 199 two-colored RPA for the Titans Nice one there Titans. Congrats, Tennessee Fall into the next one now Whoa, whoa, whoa, we lost signal I'm not over there on the TV responsibilities Is it over the baseball no, it's not And you lost where we were SMH my head Sean We've got Pierre Strong jr. That's 62 out of 75 for the Patriots There you go. We've got Khalil Shakira rookie nice one there He's been pretty solid when he gets his touches. I have to say Rory That is gonna be John Metschy the third one 13 out of 150 for the Texans We've got Brock Purdy 169 out of 199 that's going to the Niners nice one there Niners Congrats Niners and then we've got a Jahan Dotson 31 out of 199 three-color RPA for the commanders That is gonna be a Chris K. Congrats, Chris On your Jahan Dotson This game is O V E R right here Two outs to go at Strozer down to their final two outs like I may like it.  Wow. What a half case man That is Matt M. Congrats Matt that in a mag for you We've got Pierre Strong jr. 11 out of 25 Patriots going for the rainbow of this card Nice one there pass We've got that's gonna be nice six of ten boy a mafia That is solid going to the Seahawks. He wants having a nice break here. I have to say so far We'll take that for sure Boy a mafia And then we've got another sky more this time 175 about a 199 little bit of a two-color patch on there Ten is a number of the past as rich All right, let's do this next one guys Nice Got Matt Stafford 35 of 35 on the bookend For the Rams followed by a Russell Wilson on the black base We've got Bailey zappy 57 out of 150 that's going to the Patriots nice one there Patriots Don't worry. He's happy We've got cave-on tibet oh 66 out of 199 nice one there for the Giants KT he played really well against the Raven does not happy about that And then we've got Isaiah Spiller 5 out of 25 three-color one-color for the Chargers Nice one there la Beautiful Isaiah spill. I love the powder blues That'll do it for the break guys. Let's do a quick recap. We've got a Bailey zappy Patriots to 150 John Metschy to 150 Texans Danny Gray to 99 Niners Damian Pierce to 99 Texans and Romeo Dobbs to 99 for the Packers We had autos Isaiah Spiller to 25. That's going to the Chargers a cave-on tibet oh to 199 Giants Sky more to 199 Chiefs boy a mafia to 10 Seahawks Johan Dotson to 199 going to the Commanders Brock Purdy to 199 49ers Traylon Burks to 199 Titans Rashad wait to 199 bucks sky more to 99 Chiefs Leo Chanel to 199 Chiefs Calvin Austin four of five going to the Steelers nasty one there Eden Hutchinson 10 out of 99 for the Lions We had a white knight that is in Hutchinson rookie going to the Lions and then we had a white knight of Patrick Mahomes on the case hit card number two Congrats again chiefs. That'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill next up another half case of this


Good morning everybody. It's time for AI forecast. I'm not a weatherman but I have one advantage on my side. I'm one of those guys who is making the future. So this forecast is a little bit biased towards what we are doing. I'm sure that all of you have heard about deep learning and we have come to expect ever-new results from machine vision, speech recognition and playing games for instance. There are also other things that have been happening. For instance, generation of all kinds of images, speech has developed enormously. So some people might think that AI is all done. There is not much left. We already have human level performance in many things. Some other people say that we are far away. There is a huge gap between what current systems can do and what humans can do. What I'm going to try to argue to you today is that there is one very special mechanism which the brain has and AI doesn't have this year but it will have it next year. Let's see how it will happen or whether it will come true. How many of you have read Daniel Kahneman's book Thinking Fast and Slow? Okay, so pretty many. You remember system one thinking which is fast and system two thinking which is slow, deliberate. Right. So what we have nowadays, the technology, this deep learning technology, is a lot about system one. It's about distilling a lot of data, a lot of expert knowledge into neural networks, learning to make rapid decisions intuitively, recognition, actions, all kinds of things. The crucial thing there is you need a lot of data. You can act very quickly once you've learned but learning takes a lot of data and time. We humans have this kind of system one thinking. That's what experts develop when they study their field for 10,000 hours at least or so. System two is slow, deliberate thinking. That's needed when new situations arrive, something you've never seen before. The first time you started to ride a bike for instance or the first time that you started to learn a foreign language, you were using your system two. Every time you encounter a new situation where you don't have existing rules and habits, you rely on your system two. And this is something which current day AI doesn't have that much but it will be there. So let me give you an example of a system which is getting there a little bit. So system two, the way it works is that it relies on internal models, planning and then selection over all kinds of different possible future outcomes. It's slow because you have to simulate the world and then select the best outcomes and so on. You may have heard about AlphaGo that managed to beat the world champion Kyrgyz in the game of Go this year and Lee Sedol, one of the strongest players in the world last year. AlphaGo is an example of an AI system that relies on planning. So it has kind of system two. It's not general artificial intelligence because the model that it's using is hand coded. It knows the rules of the game, Go. They have been hand crafted there. But having this ability to plan forward, it's able to start to learn the game of Go from scratch. It doesn't know how to how to make good moves. It doesn't know how good a particular board situation is when it starts but it does know the rules of the game. So it starts playing against itself in its head. It's thinking, thinking, thinking, millions and millions of games. It's thinking about the game and it's developing these expertise because it's able to plan because it has internal model of the game and it's able to simulate it. It is able to develop this knowledge. So that's the kind of thinking, this slow deliberate planning that AI systems need to have. Okay, so AlphaGo does it. Why don't we have it everywhere? The reason is that if you take any other situation, a new game for instance, or if you want to invent a new game for it, the AlphaGo is able to come up with all kinds of clever creative solutions inside this game but it will not be able to learn a new game. And we humans, we encounter new situations every day. In our childhood, everything was new. We had to learn everything from scratch and this is something that neural networks in principle are very good at. Neural networks can learn to predict that's something that neural networks do every day but these kinds of neural networks that have learned are not compatible with planning. So nobody has managed to combine those so far. That's why we have AlphaGo where it doesn't need to learn anything. It doesn't need to learn the rules of the game from scratch. And that's why we have neural networks that can learn to predict all kinds of things from electricity consumption to text or whatever. But they don't combine. They don't mix together. And this is what I'm arguing. This is what's going to change next year. We are going to be able to combine this. So we are going to have AI systems that can learn internal models and then think about it. When they encounter a new situation, they're going to be able to plan and think just like us slowly, deliberately, come up with a solution to a new situation and that's what's going to make them really flexible. Nowadays AI systems rely on humans on all of this. So they need a lot of data to cover all the possible situations in the future. Next year possibly. Some systems already will be up there next year. That's my prediction. AI will become more autonomous. It will be able to when it encounters new situations, it will be able to rely on its internal models and planning and come up with clever creative solutions. This will mean that AI will no longer rely so much on humans. Now if you take an AI project in practice, it needs a lot of human work. So the AI systems of today are not going to be just pluck and play. You have to have human experts training, choosing data and selecting the right kinds of networks and so on. In the future, the AI is going to be able to do this itself. That's not the only thing which is missing. So I'm not saying that next year we will have human level AI or singularity for that matter. There are other things that neural networks can't do as well as humans. One of them is thinking in terms of symbols, thinking about objects and their relations. Again, this is something which works perfectly fine in handcrafted systems, but neural networks are not able to learn all these objects and their interactions from pixel data. So if you just feed in a lot of videos, the neural network will not learn that. That's not going to happen next year probably. It's going to happen in maybe before 2020. Who knows? Any year now. Once we have that, we will have a template for human level AI, but we will not yet have human level AI because any mammal has these kinds of abilities. So it's not like we are going to have singularity next year or the following, but we will going to have something which is approaching a mammal brain. And building on top of that I think will be very interesting indeed. So it's going to be big. It's going to be a major change, but singularity is maybe not here next year. Thank you.


I am providing testimony to the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine on advancing research to understand environmental effects on UV filters from sunscreens and the value of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in conducting a formal ecological risk assessment on such effects. My name is Jerry Davis, and I am the Assistant Regional Administrator for Habitat Conservation for NOAA Fisheries in the Pacific Islands Regional Office, and thank the academies for the opportunity to provide this input. I have been in this position for the last 18 years. I also serve as the Resource Management Advisor to the All Islands Committee of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, whose members have a great deal of interest in the sunscreen issue and having science-based guidelines to inform local water quality standards. The Pacific Islands region is bounded by the Hawaiian archipelago in the north, American Samoa and the U.S. Pacific remote islands areas in the south, and the Marianus archipelago in the west. The Pacific Islands region encompasses the largest geographical area within NOAA Fisheries jurisdiction. The U.S. exclusive economic zone within the region includes more than 1.7 million square nautical miles of ocean, roughly equal to the total EEZ around the continental United States, including Alaska. Specific land areas in our jurisdiction are Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Pacific Remote Islands of Kingman Reef, Halland, Baker, Jarvis, and Wake Islands, and Johnston and Palmyra Atolls. This region contains the most extensive and biodiverse coral reefs under the U.S. jurisdiction, and these islands are highly dependent on coastal marine resources for food, coastal protection, and livelihoods. My program administers the following and mandates for the Pacific Islands region. In 1996, Congress reauthorized the Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act and required federal agencies on activities that may adversely affect essential fish habitats for federal management unit species to consult with NOAA Fisheries on any proposed action that may adversely affect essential fish habitat or EFH. Management unit species are the commercially caught fish and invertebrate species as designated by fisheries councils. These include pelagic fish, bottom fish, precious corals, and crustaceans in my region. Water quality is an extremely important element to EFH in supporting coastal and marine ecosystem health and that of dependent human communities. EFH is defined as waters and substrate necessary for fish to spawn, breed, feed, or grow to maturity. Essential fish habitats are those habitats necessary to maintain fish production consistent with a stable and sustainable fishery and managed species contribution to a healthy ecosystem. In the Pacific Islands region, EFH extends from the shoreline to the outer boundary of the exclusive economic zone. This means that any federal action that will be conducted in or near the coastal environment or seaward will likely affect EFH and will require consultation with NOAA Fisheries. In the Pacific Islands, all the near shore habitat is represented by some of the most diverse and extensive coral reefs in the United States. Specific to this testimony, it is critical to recognize that water qualms can be considered part of EFH and this highlights a very strong connection between the ecosystem health and water quality. This mandate is owned by NOAA Fisheries and I am the primary signator for the consultations in the Pacific Islands region. The next mandate I wish to highlight is the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act which was created in 1934 and as amended in 1964 was enacted to protect fish and wildlife when federal actions result in the control or modification of a natural stream or body of water. The statute requires federal agencies to take into consideration the effect that water-related projects would have on fish and wildlife resources take action to prevent loss or damage to these resources and provide for the development and improvement of these resources. This law was the foundation for the concept of mitigation to avoid, minimize, enhance and compensate for impacts that has been adopted by many other regulatory mandates. Again this mandate links the value of water quality to the health of natural resources and is intended to create a partnership between the regulatory agencies and the federal action proponents to achieve the mission of the project while preserving public trust resources. The last one which I wish to highlight is the Clean Water Act and I wish to emphasize that NOAA Fisheries has kind of a unique role in this and that we have an MOU with US EPA that broadens NOAA Fisheries Authority under the Clean Water Act to use the mandate to ensure preservation of NOAA trust resources. This again directly links the health of natural resources to water quality. Clean Water Act specifically applies to coral reefs as they are considered special aquatic sites under the Act. My program also oversees NOAA Fisheries co-management role of four large marine national monuments with US Fish and Wildlife Service and the local government authority. These were all created by separate US presidential proclamations under the Antiquities Act and represent some of the largest managed natural resource areas in the world. The first of these I wish to share is the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument that was established for the purpose of protecting the rich natural resources and lands and interests in lands owned or controlled by the government of the United States within the boundaries of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument. The federal land and interest in the land reserved includes approximately 139,793 square miles of emergent and submerged lands and waters of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The next monument is the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument that comprises over 480 nautical miles of the Mariana Archipelago. This marine national monument encompasses the 14 islands of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States Territory of Guam and sits atop the Mariana Ridge in an area known as the Mariana Volcanic Arch. The Mariana Trench is approximately 940 nautical miles long and 38 nautical miles wide within the United States exclusive economic zone and contains the deepest known points in the global ocean. Rose Atoll Marine National Monument is located 130 nautical miles east southeast of Pongo-Pongo Harbor American Samoa and is the easternmost Samoan island and the southernmost point of the United States. This small atoll which includes the Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge with about 20 acres of land and 16 acres of lagoon remains one of the most pristine atolls in the world. The lands, submerged lands, waters and marine environment around Rose Atoll support a dynamic reef ecosystem that is home to a very diverse assemblage of terrestrial and marine species many of which are threatened and endangered. The Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument consists of Wake, Baker, Halland and Jarvis Islands, Johnson Atoll, Kingman Reef and Palmyra Atoll which lie to the south and west of Hawaii. With the exception of Wake Island these islands are administered as national wildlife refugees by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. This area represents one of the most widespread collections of marine and terrestrial life protected areas on the planet under a single country's jurisdiction. They sustain many endemic species including corals, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, seabirds, water birds, land birds, insects and vegetation not found elsewhere. These monuments contain a number of ESA listed species including turtles, marine mammals and corals that are all affected by water quality including those identified as an endocrine disrupting compounds that include some of the organic UV filters. Prior to this position at NOAA I was the Chief of the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources on Guam for 23 years. That office is the natural resource agency that manages fish, wildlife and conservation law enforcement for the government of Guam. In that position it was my responsibility to ensure that water quality was maintained to support the natural resources for the public and the government of Guam. I have more than 40 years of government experience managing coral reef fisheries and coral reef habitats and there is no doubt that a sustainable coral reef ecosystem future is dependent upon maintaining water quality. Unfortunately this task has been magnified in complexity by the added stressors of climate change, sea level rise, ocean acidification, global and ocean warming and major climate shifts such as reduced rainfall and increased and more severe storms. Apologies for the long list of mandates and descriptors but is the critical and framing the management consideration for water quality. Each of these mandates is unique while having considerable overlap. On a daily basis I am faced with the challenge of evaluating considerations at the federal action level in an effort to maintain coastal fisheries and coastal habitats. This testimony is intended to provide management insight into the value of the National Academy study advancing research to understand environmental effects of UV filters from sunscreens on water quality and the value of Environmental Protection Agency conducting a formal ecological risk assessment on such effects. Water quality management is not an EPA only issue. Many entities such as the US Geologic Survey, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Natural Resource Conservation Service, Coastal Zone Management Program, Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense, Department of Transportation and NOAA have meaningful roles in managing water quality. It has to be the collective effort of these entities that is recognized and organized when attempting to understand management of water quality in the US. It has been said that knowledge is power and in the regulatory world there is much to be said for this adage. Many of the mandates rely on best available science. Simply stated without the science the manager is really left guessing and often cannot define appropriate conservative measures. Logically it would seem that measures would follow the conservative and precautionary principle approach until you have the adequate and accurate science as the foundation for policy development implementation and evaluation. But in practice this fails because you cannot manage what you do not know for this reason focus science that continues to advance water quality knowledge and build thresholds and effective policy is critical in improving water quality management. Feel as important before jumping into specifics that the general context around my role in water quality management be presented. My role is different from that of local and federal EPA efforts in that my regulatory authority is tied to the health of resources fish, coral reefs, seagrass, mangroves, etc. That depend upon water quality. I partner regularly with local and federal authorities to synergistically attack tackle the water quality challenges. A historical challenge has been the use of mortality to characterize the condition of resource. This is a terrible approach because the metric is telling you that it's too late for the resource in question instead of diagnosing causality and applying management interventions that could be used to achieve positive outcomes. We have many new tools that evaluate the health of living resources to make adaptive changes. Standards are slowly shifting in this direction but capacity, funding, and policy are still obstacles. I see hundreds of permits I see hundreds of permits applications annually that will impact water quality at a wide variety of levels and ways. Risk is a key consideration and has many facets. My mandates have timelines and legal boundaries. In all cases these mandates are not intended to prevent projects but rather provide a process to protect natural resources while permitting the proposed action. Yes there are rare cases where a project may not happen but even then it is usually not the mandate that stopped it but rather the requirements the project would need to meet or to get a permit. In those cases often the applicant decides it is cost prohibitive or too time consuming. It is always best well before triggering a consultation for there to be early and often coordination between the federal action agency and NOAA fisheries to work through potential obstacles and identify alternatives that can avoid or minimize impacts. This is a very effective process provided you have the science to direct things moving forward. Everything up to this point may seem off topic but the foundation is critical to understanding how the sunscreen issue fits into the bigger picture. Ideally in early scoping of a project the water quality considerations will emerge. This is where the consideration for sunscreen impacts come into play. Given the resources I am typically trying to conserve coral reefs, water quality can impact function and condition and or condition in a lot of ways. Corals are sedentary and therefore are subject to water quality spikes as well as accumulation of contaminants over time at a fixed site. Healthy coral reef populations depend on effective reproduction and larval settlement. Reproduction is driven by the synchronized release of egg and sperm during limited spawning events, short larval phases of hours to a few days and then settlement of viable larvae on hard substratta. Reduced water quality has been documented to disrupt these life stages through a variety of contaminants and mechanisms. Data are available for a number of organic uv filters that demonstrate impacts on corals and specific life history stages. We presently do not have the protocols that would track sunscreen to contamination or thresholds for what is tolerable or not. If you use to try and manage the impacts from sunscreen through water quality standards, such an approach will need to consider when samples are taken, how contaminants from sunscreen synergize with other contaminants and the many capacity limitations that are likely to come with such a proposal. For this reason, managing the product availability is likely to be the easier approach. This however also has the potential to be a huge industry litigation issue. This is where the manager for the manager things get very difficult. There are many contaminants and in most cases there is poor information about the threshold for impacts, especially at the sub-leafal levels to coral reefs. Water quality is a dynamic condition even in a perfectly natural system to constant changes in rainfall, coastal erosion, ocean conditions, wind and waves, etc. This makes describing the ambient condition very different call. Presently islands have to characterize water quality at the watershed level because of the differences in ambient condition. This unfortunately means you're going to get a range to describe water quality and you will be left with less certainty because you will be measuring changes across a range. This then becomes further complicated by how man has altered the environment and the impacts that will result. For example, the public generally does not recognize that perfectly clean freshwater discharge into the ocean is a pollutant if it represents an increase in volume of the freshwater being discharged. Many ocean creatures cannot tolerate changes in salinity. Normally coastal development efforts will try to to get freshwater off of land as quickly as possible to avoid flooding. This however then increases the volume and velocity of freshwater discharge and thus reduces salinity, increases erosion, and the transport of contaminants. Present water quality standards do not address changes in volume of freshwater so the opportunity for management is in the engineering. Here again the design target seldom focuses on this attribute that has to be considered across the spectrum of possible contaminants. Such changes in water quality can directly kill coral, prevent fertilization, reduce larval survival, or disrupt settlement, or some combination of all of these impacts, all of which reduce coral reef health. This is further complicated by the fact that the delivery of contaminants creates a soup and it is one thing to understand how a specific contaminant may affect a resource but how do multiple contaminants interact and what is the synergistic effect. In evaluating risks my mechanism for managing such impacts is limited to legal standards and measures that can be scientifically justified in altering scope of work. I fully support EPA conducting an ecological risk assessment of the effects of UV filters and sunscreen. However this is not the only risk to these systems. Understanding the soup, defining thresholds, and developing meaningful and forcible standards is what is really needed. This does not take away from the value from eliminating or more effectively managing a single stressor but reminds us to manage expectations in terms of the big picture. To manage sunscreen products from getting into the water really needs to be done at the product level because the delivery into the water is most likely directly from people entering the water. Sun exposure in the tropics is a big deal and again ideally if you want this product to go away then a reasonable affordable alternative needs to be available. UV tolerant clothing is one such option that can be cost effective and eliminate the sunscreen introduction into the ocean. My program deals with the death by a thousand cut scenario by having a role in every coastal development, coastal road project, coastal culvert, pier or coastal bridge that has a federal nexus and in the islands this is pretty much every project. However without thresholds and standards I do not have the science to avoid potential degradation of water quality in many cases. Additionally I am aware that US EPA is in the process of providing directed support to states and territories to develop meaningful water quality standards for coral reefs. It is recognized that states and territories own the responsibility to develop the water quality standard regulations but they do not have the capacity or expertise to do so. There needs to be a strong federal support in providing science and alternatives to help local governments develop such standards. There has been considerable research in recent years that has greatly improved thresholds for various water quality stressors and it seems wise to lump the concerns associated with sunscreen into a broader spectrum of risk that includes the following stressors into a more complete management approach. These include sedimentation, increased freshwater discharge, hydrocarbons, herbicides and pesticides, detergents, personal care products and heavy metals. In conclusion, completing a formal and well-designed ecological risk assessment that addresses effects at the sublethal levels is urgent and critical and adding to the science that could reduce risk while hopefully recognizing that is one stressor of many that need to be considered in improving water quality moving forward. Threshold values individually and in concert with other pollutants are necessary that include extreme rather than mean values and levels of exposure are essential. This needs federal support in assisting local governments in the building of effective management. The past we have often used mean values and oftentimes it is these spikes in the highs and lows that actually cause the most problems and those need to be addressed in developing thresholds. The fact that this issue has garnered so much national attention highlights the public's interest in water quality and I would encourage the National Academies to use this opportunity to broaden the target to more fully approach water quality management. My testimony focused on a lot of the broader spectrum of water quality. This is not intended to diminish the importance of sunscreen impacts on water quality but is intended to highlight that there are many other considerations that likely have equal or greater consideration in trying to manage water quality that should be part of this discussion. I appreciate being given the opportunity to provide a management perspective because understanding the mandates expertise and processes are really key to effective implementation. There is a tremendous opportunity right now with all the infrastructure money coming out of Congress to retrofit many systems to be more climate resilient and to improve coastal water quality. I strongly encourage the National Academies to consider this opportunity moving forward and recommend emphasis be placed on getting federal and state environmental entities to the table early to incorporate such thinking into project design and goals. It would be a tragedy to miss such an opportunity. Again I wish to thank the academies for the opportunity to provide input and welcome any opportunity in the future to continue to contribute to this effort.


can do this work I don't have time for that so it is ordered outside we spent a lot of money for this so epic can take a part of of course not everything can be done here but many things can be done so maybe I'll leave with this thing so sometimes we build up capacity to build a new project here's a case for me a real project can help us build capacity yes I agree so if there are no other questions then other and thank you very much for your input it was again very nice experience for us thank you very much my pleasure thank you bye okay