The next presenter has recently finished his honours in computer engineering, electrical engineering at the University of Adelaide. Please welcome Joel Stanley. Hello everyone, thanks for bearing with me. My first apology is about the title there. To change my slides I have to actually regenerate the bit stream for my FPGA so it's not easy to change my slides so I used some previous ones. So my project is titled Exploring the Communication Architecture of Multi-Processor System on Chips, a bit of a mouthful. What we're all about is looking at modern computer systems which these days have lots of multiple processes. There's an entire mini-comp stream dedicated to this topic this year which I'd probably be almost better off being at but I've been designing rockets all afternoon so there you go. So we're going to talk a little bit about why this project was selected, why I did it. Then talk a little bit about the FPGA and the different hardware blocks I developed for that. We might even talk about what an FPGA is just so the crowd knows what we're talking about. And then we'll talk about the different applications that I put on the FPGA. Fortunately I'm not demoing my project as part of my presentation like what normally happens. Normally I play my slides, I use my legitimate Nest controller, original Nest controller to change the slides and then do a demo at the end but unfortunately it's not working. Maybe a lightning talk later this week. So why do we have multi-processes system on chips? Why do we need lots of processes? Systems are getting smaller. We're integrating more and more functionality into fewer and fewer chips. So on the left, on my right, your left there we have Nokia from the late 90s and this device has a number of ICs and very limited functionality. It's a very small number of pixels on the screen. It essentially only makes phone calls and sends texts. Whereas on the other side we have the iPhone 4. Everyone knows what that can do. It's essentially a computer in your pocket being able to not only make calls and therefore the associated digital signal processing associate with calls but also play games which are computationally intensive playback video again computationally intensive and also perform general purpose computing tasks. So when we're designing these multi-processes system on chips there's kind of two design strategies that the engineers take. One of them is ad hoc. So you buy different components from different vendors and integrate them into the one design and each time you come up with a new design you're going to be doing that integration work over and over again. The other downside is it's quite static. Once you've produced this system all your different blocks can only talk together in a previously configured way. So you can't change your mind and later on decide we want to be able to have this innovative new functionality that involves this part and that part because it's quite static. The example up here is the OMAP 3430. If any of you own a N900 you've got this chip inside your phone. Number of other things which don't come to mind right now. The bigger board as well. That's the other big one that uses the same chip here. So turnip design strategy is a tired architecture. Students quite familiar with the concepts of cut and paste. The engineers use the same thing. You create one processing element and you cut and paste that many times. So you're reusing your designs a lot and the other way that it's designed sorry is you not only have multiple things which perform the same functionality but the interconnect between them is quite malleable. So it's just a memory interface in this case that you can reprogram and reconfigure all these different elements however you like. And so it's not decided at design time what the eventual functionality of the system will be. This process, this architecture here is the cell broadband engine commonly known as the PlayStation 3 processor. And so this is used for obviously gaming on the PlayStation but also for supercomputing the functions applications as well. And that kind of shows how you can get into different things not necessarily what it was designed for after the fact. Unlike the other architecture that I showed talked about just before. So my project. The project when I keep referring to my project I'm talking about the final year project that you have to do at the end of your engineering degree. So it's a year long project usually as a part of a team. I did mine by myself essentially. And so at the start we decided it's a good idea to understand the hardware we're working with. That's this board I've got at the front here. And so at the time at the start of last year it was a brand new fresh from the factory. You know only a couple hundred around the world system. And essentially we were debugging it. You buy it for cheap because the software doesn't quite work quite yet and there's not many applications for it. And so things like getting it to talk to a PC through the USB interface. There was no firmware for the USB controller. So we had to write that before we could then talk to the PC and be able to put our data on there. Etc. Etc. So understand the hardware. Understand what it can do. What its limitations are. That was the first goal. The second goal was to implement a simple multi processor communication application. So it's the kind of thing that you learn a bit about if you've done operating systems uni. I hadn't done operating systems at the time. So I learned about that. Learned about what are the kind of communication paradigms people use for talking between two processors. The same things apply generally to two processors running on an operating system. But in this case it was two processors running on separate CPUs.  Something fancy to show off at conferences like this when the hardware actually works. So as I said this is the board. And on the board. So rewinding a tiny bit. Who knows what an FPGA is. Okay so about half. So an FPGA at its simplest form is a processor that can be programmed to act like another processor. It's quite a bit more complex than that. But that will get you through this talk essentially. So you create designs using an IDE essentially. And then download them to the processor. And it will then act like essentially any other processor you want. The limitations being clock speed and the number of programmable logic elements that are on there. This particular board, the processor inside it has been used to emulate the entire Intel Atom. The first generation Intel Atom. And that gives up almost all the logic elements. That gives you some perspective on how complex the designs can get. Quite complex. But in my application I used a processor called MicroBlaze. So this is a RISC like architecture. If anyone studied Hennessy in Paterson it's similar to the DLX machine. And quite simple. It doesn't have much grunt. Much less grunt than the simplest net book you could buy these days. But there are some ways to get around that. And that's essentially what my project was about. It wasn't about powerful processes. It was about optimizing the communication and making the communication efficient between the different processes.  There's different kinds of memories. There's the DDR3, the off-chip memory that you have in your laptop. And there's onboard memories. And the differences between these two are essentially latency. How long does it take to go and fetch something or put something in that memory? And ideally you'd have unlimited amounts of onboard RAM. And so everything would be really, really fast. The problem is then your chips would be infinite in size.  And so that's not going to happen. So you have to make a trade-off. Where are you going to put the data that's most important to you? And where are you going to put the data that you access a little bit less frequently? And deciding which data falls into which category is one of the problems that multiple computing has to solve. And so these different memories have different types of buses that connect them that have different properties. I won't go into that now. But the different buses result in different kinds of latency. Some of them are shared. And so if you're doing lots of different traffic across them, it's going to increase the latency. Some other ones are dedicated, so much lower latency. So I've spoken a bit about memory latency. I've mentioned it a few times already. That was the first part of the project. Understanding how slow the different memories were and the different buses that connect them. The problem with this is the only way to record it is from inside the FPGA itself. And so you might sit there and talk to a memory map timer and say, start recording now. But that has to go across the bus that you're trying to measure the performance of. So you don't really know when that start now command is going to get there. And so that's the hazy line here between start and then time. And so the first part of the project was reading assembly dumps and working out exactly what the latencies were and producing lots of graphs like this for putting in reports. So this shows the order of magnitude of the different memory latencies. And as you can see, some of the latencies move up and down. They're the shared buses that I talked about just before. So when the display controller is sitting there copying the frame buffer to just be displayed on the screen, the latency is much higher because there's much more contention on the bus. And then other points in the blanky interval, if you know anything about how VGA works, there's no traffic. You're not clocking out anything. And so the latency reduces a fair bit. And these are the kind of challenges that your application has to contend with if there's lots of things going on at once. So the first demo trivial application I put in there was a JPEG decoder. So this is the JPEG pipeline. There's essentially five stages. We won't go into them today, but they all perform varying signal processing tasks and kind of compression tasks and whatnot. And it's a good application for multi-core programming because it can be split up both different stages running on different processes. You can also split up an image. Say one processor will decode one quadrant of the image and you could split it across four processes that way. So this is the first system I built.  And so looking at JPEG decoding, the first iteration to just go to full screen image was about 300 million cycles. And the first optimization I performed was instead of having to go and fetch that source image from DDR each time was to stream it in via the USB link. And as you can see, this doubled the speed. So this is one of the challenges in multi-core programming and met systems that have non-uniform memory architectures. Some of the memories are going to be a lot slower than others. So if you can get the data closer to the consumer, your system is going to go much faster. And so that brought me up to about halfway through my project. I was essentially met all the academic goals so I decided to do something a little bit more fun. This is the multi-core Game Boy emulator. So we took GNGB, it's an open source Game Boy emulator, get installed GNGB. You can run it on your laptop now. And this emulates the Game Boy color hardware. And so the Game Boy color is an overclock Game Boy. It's twice as fast, 8 MHz, Z80 essentially, with some dedicated sound hardware, very, very small frame buffer, limited number of colors on the screen at once. And so we took the 15,000 lines of code and threw most of it out, lots of abstractions and whatnot running on different platforms, things, code we didn't need. And essentially kind of talking to libraries like SDL, whereas on this system we're running without an operating system, straight on a processor. And when you're talking to, say, the frame buffer, you're writing pixels directly to a memory region. When you're reading from the button input, you're reading from a register. So you don't need all these abstractions that SDL provides. And so the system I used has an input device, being the Nest controller, some sound output, which we developed because it wasn't on the board, a frame buffer and four processors, as the title of my talk mentions. So the Game Boy system started off with a single tile. So a single processor with some local memory. These local memories are in the order of about 128 kilobytes each, so quite small compared to where, I mean, that's how much cache that your crappy little Intel atom processor has these days. So not much memory at all. And I cut and pasted. So tiled architecture, four processors, each with a dedicated functionality in this case. And then glued together across that big shed bus that I spoke to about before. So initially the bootloader loads the ROM image from the complex flash card into memory, and then kicks off the Game Boy instruction set simulator. And that's initially what the system was. We get about 10% performance using a system like that. No one here playable, not much fun to play at all. And so we split off the sound processing to another processor inside the Game Boy itself. That's just a register right, the interface between the sound core and the instruction decoding. So it's very easy to split across two processors because you've got that well-defined interface. The other bit of optimization we did was moving out the video processing, partially to a color space converter, a bit of VHDL, to shuffle the pixels around a little bit, and then a video DMA core. Essentially, I'll just copy the pixels in and push them up to the display so that the instruction set simulator is doing the work of playing the game. And so this is what the inside of the FPGA looks like with that design on there. Each of the different color blobs is one of those kind of tiles I showed you just before. So it shows you how little of the thing we're using, even for a four-core system. And so now it's about when I usually press the start button and show the Game Boy demo. Unfortunately, I can't do that because I couldn't get the FPGA working. But hopefully, I'll get it working later this weekend or later on. So this is what I did plan to do this summer. I didn't do any of this stuff. I decided to find a job instead. But there's some tasks that people are going to pick up on next year as they continue the project at LFUNI. Any questions? No one more thing. Yeah, maybe I'll get it working then. I did an FPGA course last semester. Last semester we did a bit of Handel C and VHDL programming. So I'm quite interested in how you actually went about coding and what tools you used because it sounds like there was actually much available. And we were using some of the Xilinx tools that were actually provided for you, so we didn't have to deal with any of the actual underlying hardware stuff. Could you talk about that for a bit? Yes. I'll just bring up my slides again. There we go. This one. So most of the IP initially was just the stuff that Xilinx provides with XPS, the stuff you would have used. So that's the processes, the large squares. And then the first step when things weren't going fast enough was to customize the hardware that they gave us. So one of the first things I wanted to do was increase the resolution of the display controller that comes with. It only does 800x6 something and doesn't look very good, right? And also there's not much. That's a fairly small amount of memory. You can essentially double the amount of copies you have to do by going up to the next VGA resolution to XGA. And so that's the first hack I did was change the... It was a verilog module to do twice the resolution. And so if I was showing on my board you'd say how nice it looked. So that was the next step, right? Customizing the hardware they gave you. Then the next step after that was if the hardware was too hard to customize or if it wasn't performing the functionality we required, I'd write it from scratch. And so that was things like the color space converter, the NES controller input. That's just a state machine that serializes the NES buttons. And the I2S generator we actually got from the net. It's a nice bit of a hardware open sourciness. There's not much of that in the hardware space so it was good to see that. Yeah, so the writing VHDL if you haven't done any HDL or any of that kind of programming is tricky as you would have discovered when we got there in the end. I didn't use handle C so I'll be able to see how you found that. My supervisor didn't have very high opinions of it. Yeah, it was interesting. It sounds like it's basically dead and people are switching over to system C now so that's what I've heard. Just if you're interested. We wrote a desk core and the idea was you could have multiple like we had one of these Spartan starter kits starter boards that come with a GA output and sound output and all that kind of stuff. To connect two of them together one is encrypting, one is decrypting, a GA output and all that kind of stuff written by hand essentially not using any of the predefined core so it wasn't an interesting project. Cool, we'll talk about it later. I've got a video of my if I can load up on YouTube. Any other questions while that loads up? Actually I have a question. You sort of talked about splitting out and I mean I'm not a sort of low level hardware person so I may not entirely know what I'm talking about but you split out the video processing, the audio processing and so forth did you look at all or consider perhaps trying to parallelize say the video processing so that you could have a couple of I suppose smaller cores actually processing different parts of the video to actually make more use of the available resources? So I mean that's one of the objectives when you're trying to parallelize something across model processes. In this case the video CPU itself all it was doing was taking in data from a register read and pushing it out to the frame buffer so it was just a very overcomplicated DMA if there was some parallelization there we would have tried it but essentially the vision that you saw up on the board the three different cores in this application it doesn't really map very well the jpeg maps really well to lots of cores you can split those five different blocks across you can split it across five different blocks and then you can do different parts of the image but in this case it's kind of designed to run as one program I'll just show you this video briefly this is my supervisor playing Mario on a projector this is the first time we saw it working it was kind of exciting I hope it stays on that monitor it does, there you go it's very shaky it's taken with my G1 how does YouTube work why can't I rewind it so it gives you a bit of an idea of what it looks like we we decode the jpeg when you first boot up essentially the boot loader decodes that so it's just a picture sitting on the screen and it writes that the demo is going to show you about 90% it's really interesting the way humans perceive video versus sound when you're perceiving video if the frame weight drops a tiny bit you generally don't notice but if you miss a sound sample out to the ADC you'll hear a click straight away so that's why I had one that went at 90% because especially in more complex scenes you hear the clicking as producing sound samples often enough it's actually another hardware module that you can find which illuminates LEDs as you miss sound samples so you see the counter go higher and higher as the system performs worse okay, thank you very much Joel thanks everyone


Next question is from live and proof 277 you guys often mentioned how people who lose a lot of weight fast are in a way Doom to gain it back and then some as someone who has done this What tips could you give me to avoid following falling into yo-yo dieting? Listen to two episodes ago. Yeah, for sure Two things first thing I want to cover is physiologically speaking Besides the extremes, okay besides the crazy extremes losing a lot of weight fast physical a physiologically Isn't gonna make you gain it back any faster.  What we're talking about is the behavioral Stuff that's where you see the big issue because studies do show that when people lose a lot of weight If they maintain nutrition and exercise and a lot of stuff It's fine. It's usually not an issue The problem is the behaviors that were that are needed to maintain that are not solidified And oftentimes the things you do to lose weight real fast are not behaviors that are conducive They're not sustainable. They're not long-term successful. Well, you're you're also You're also getting the body to adapt to a because the reason why people lose weight so fast is normally they Do too dramatic of a swing meaning they go? They start to increase their activity Significantly from what it was just currently at and they also in conjunction Reduce their calories significantly and the body has like a very sweet spot of like let's just and this is these are hypothetical numbers But just for making this point you lose, you know Someone loses weight really quick and so it ends and because they're kind of in their calories so much They're moving so much. It's happening rapidly and it equates out to two pounds a month Well, you may have got those two pounds a month without even having to red or two pounds of they say weaker month Months a month that two pounds a month you you could have easily got that potentially Without having to reduce the calories as low and all you really did was get your body used to eating a lot less calories So yes, there's nothing physiologically that happens that guarantees You're gonna gain the way back But you definitely have done something physiologically to you that has changed how fast your metabolism is and that is setting you up for the the Unlikelihood of long-term success. Well, so so there are studies on this and they find that like a 72-hour fast or a significant calorie cut over the course of 10 days or 14 days Actually has less negative impact on or less metabolic adaptations than a slow long Diet would but that's not really the issue here The issue isn't you know is losing weight fast worse or better for my body And is it gonna make me gain the weight back because something is happening to my body on a physiological level? That's not the problem. That's not what we're talking about here And of course, we're staying away from the extremes on the crazy extremes. It's not good for your body physiologically What we're talking about is the behaviors the psychology of what ends up happening if you go from One lifestyle because in order to lose a lot of weight real quick that means you completely you change a lot of things real fast The odds that those things that you change real fast are gonna stick or much lower when they happen really quick Versus when they happen gradually over time allowing you to build upon new behaviors This is this is the problem because nine out of ten times when I've seen people lose rate real fast It's through behaviors that they just can't maintain It's like I went from eating garbage and not exercising to working out five days a week and eating this super structured planned You know menu of nutrition. That's a huge difference a huge change and Keeping that change to be very very difficult. It's much much more effective To add one little thing at a time wait till that becomes a part of your normal daily behaviors When that feels normal then you add something else and that's that's that's the best approach Long-term I agree But I think it's also important to note that even the studies that you're citing right now You're talking about 10 to 14 days and I think it's really it's a more common than maybe we think That a lot of these people come out the gates with way more extreme swings than that for longer periods of time 1690 most people set a goal like okay the next three months. I'm gonna eat this way I'm gonna go to the gym every single day and that dramatic of a swing of increasing your activity level that high and then also Significantly decreasing your calories I know right at a short in a short period, you know like quick fast things like that are not a big deal but for three months straight of a Diet that you are grossly under eating Nutrients that your body needs and over and pushing it and exerting it more than you would absolutely has physiological changes Yeah, there's definitely gonna be a metabolic adaptation But the big problems come from the people who diet all the time or diet don't diet diet don't diet Allow their bodies to swing but again I think we we worry too much about the physiological stuff like you know Oh, if you lose it fast your body wants to gain it back and we need to stop worrying so much with you The behavioral side is for that's the most of no we agree on that but I think it's important that the people understand Both are happening sure not just behavior. There's also physiological things that are happening too Yes in a short term not as much But long-term absolutely especially chronically for years if you're always that person who yeah is in these extreme diets I mean, I know both of you have how many times if you had that client And that this is when we first started to learn about metabolic adaptation because first before we even started doing the research around it Well, it's cyclical. I mean the I've trained a lot of people that actually like plan this out throughout the year where they Sort of allow their Themselves to indulge a bit more maybe it's in like the colder months or maybe it's like you know Like after they they go to compete or do something very specific and then you know And then they cut so hard they cut so hard for like like you said Maybe like two three months where it is so restrictive where they're they're eating like 500 calories almost there They're they're exercising like ridiculously They're adding nothing but cardio on top of all that and then they're left with this just like this new body That they're trying to now have to repair all these things that they've done to themselves Yeah, yeah, I would say so to how to prevent the weight from coming back So you're in a position now. You've lost a lot of weight in a short period of time. How do I?  So Focus on strength focus on building muscle Slowly increase your calories and structure it and plan it so you know, okay I'm gonna add a hundred and fifty calories a day to my diet for the next couple weeks Monitor yourself. Okay, the scale hasn't moved up that much. I'm feeling good now I'm gonna go up another hundred calories for the next couple weeks Slowly build up your calories while trying to build muscle Hopefully the weight that you gained through that and usually this will happen if you're right You'll end up building muscle now You're with a faster metabolism and that's the best insurance you have against the weight gain You know that comes from the the the crash dieting


and welcome to Slady Aida. Hey everybody, I'm the little woman who's here. Hi everybody and welcome to my desk. It's me, Lady Aida, getting off a little bit of a cold, so it might be a little bit nosy, sniffly, but getting better. And you know, I felt actually, okay, yesterday so I did a little bit of hardware. So not a lot going on.  Oh well, it's hat guard clock. But I did get some work done on the Flopsy board. So let's go to the overhead and maybe I'll show it off and talk about what we're doing. So if you remember last week, we talked about it. You know, a few years ago I did the Apple, the Adafruit Floppy Feather Wing, which allowed feather boards to connect to standard 34 pin floppy disks. And I have a little level shifter and right protect and external power connector. And this was basically, you know, the beginning of like let's get the code that we've written for floppy drives supported on Arduino and circuit Python. And we did actually add quite a bit of code. And then, you know, finally I got around to finishing this prototype for a all-in-one floppy interface. This is much nicer than just a feather wing because it's got display, SD card, STEMI QT, 12 volt power for big drives, five and a quarters need 12 volt, not just five volt. And then 34 pin floppy connector. And then here's a laptop floppy connector, power supply and debug. And basically, you know, a lot of, you know, level shifting and all, where I protect some of the other nice things, basically trying to make it all in one board that does a lot of floppy connectivity and floppy emulation. Like one thing, for example, this is only set up to read floppies. It won't emulate being a floppy.  And I think it actually, I don't know what it was. Maybe it was like something in my code or the enable pin, but basically I got that going pretty well. So right now I'll just, I'll show this demo and then I'll go back in time. So on my PC, if you go to my computer, I have this mass storage example that I'm running. And this mass storage example uses the RP2040 code that can act as a mass storage device, a disk drive, and it presents a MFM floppy to the computer. So it's, you know, a 1.4, you know, this is one that kind of assumes a lot. It assumes a 1.44 megabyte floppy drive, but it can, you know, when sectors are read from the mass storage interface, which is actually SCSI over USB, it reads the sectors and then sends that data over.   Like they will not work with any other interface of floppy, like Apple floppies or whatever they just, like definitely will never work because they assume a lot about the interface. And also, of course, this doesn't work with 5.25 because you, you know, you separate disk drive from that. Looks like this 5.25 drive, beep, beep, beep, beep. So it's good to have this example working. So on my computer, I run this demo and then I can look at the serial monitor and you see here I can open this file and you can see the read callback as it, this is like an old frack file, a text file that I just put on there. Right now, writing isn't supported. So I can't write a file to the, yeah, there's a write callback but it doesn't actually do the writing. That's because I have to figure out how to get, like to do writing, what I have to do is read the whole sector and then the data that I want to write, I have to convert that to flux values and then I have to write that back to the disk. And I just like, we just didn't get to that yet because we were like, well, let's get reading working and then we'll figure out writing. I do have a demo that writes fluxes. I know that I can write flux, I'll show you here. The example is here, floppy write test. So I do an example that will write fluxes but like it doesn't write data, it just writes flux transitions and verifies that like, yes, you wrote the flux transitions that you thought you did but they don't like mean anything and kind of actually ends up corrupting the floppy drive. So definitely don't wanna do this on a disk that it has anything important on it but this is a really good start. And then I didn't actually end up getting to try the Grease Weasel interface, but that's next. I think it'll work just fine, maybe by next week I'll get that tested. But Grease Weasel is a open source software that will read the flux transitions. Again, something you can't do with a USB floppy drive because this assumes, this will not get you raw flux data, it will only give you like sector data from a fat, formatted floppy. But Grease Weasel is designed to get flux data and so you can get like different formatting like Amiga floppies or even Mac floppies if you have like a good enough disk drive. Or of course your standard DOS formatted floppies or even Commodore 64 floppies. And you'll be able to read the raw flux data and then you can convert that into like an archive of your floppy disk. So the good news is that the pinout I have is working. And so some of the things that I've been working on is the web meat of the hardware. So one thing is that I initially had this setup for SDIO interface, but I actually went out of pins and I needed a couple more pins for some of the stuff I wanted to do. So I decided to make the micro SD card back to like plain SPI. And that means it can share the SPI port with the display. So not only do I save the SDIO two pins but I also save the extra two pins from the display as well. So that's like a couple extra pins. And what else did I do? That was kind of like the big save of data. And then the second thing I did is the floppy level shifter that goes from 3.3 volt logic to 5 volt logic using the 74 LVC8T245, which is a bi-directional level shifter. There's a floppy direction pin that basically determines are we going to read and write from a floppy drive or are we going to emulate a floppy drive? Because we're like, you'd obviously have to have all the pins exactly opposite. If you're emulating, then if you're interfacing. So that's floppy direction. But then I had this thing of like, well, which is the safest default value?  Actually, what I should do is just disable the interface bus completely until I know exactly what software, the software wants me to do. Because if I want to be emulating, there's a risk that like, it'll pop into a mode that, you know, collides with the floppy drive. And then like, if something could theoretically get damaged. So the easiest thing to do is just to have a floppy enable pin. So I added, I added that floppy enable. So by default, I'm going to disable both of those level shifters and I won't be either writing or emulating. And then whatever the firmware wants me to do, it'll like turn into that mode. The next thing I wanted to do is, well, it's kind of a two-pacer. So this interface here, this is, there's two floppy disks here because one is the 34 pin standard interface and the other is the floppy interface. And this is the, sorry, the laptop floppy. Laptop floppy doesn't have select pins because you only have one floppy drive and a laptop is you don't, you don't get to select different drives. You only have one and then there isn't like an end use pin. So they have a couple fewer pins. Most of the pins are the same. And the next thing I wanted to do is not just support the MFM 34 pin floppy, but the GCR Apple floppy interface. And so the Apple floppy interface, you know, which we actually have some code for. So again, let's go to the overhead and let's, well, let's show this off because I'll show the difference. So this is your standard 34 pin connector, two by 17, and then here's the power five volt ground. And then this is your connector for disc two. And this is a disc two drive, which I've opened up here. Let's see, nice Apple logo. So this connector, what's interesting is the guts of the floppy drive for the Apple disc two is the same as a five and a quarter. It's the same like Shugart interface, but to save a little bit of money instead of having on the floppy, the 34 pin interface, what we call motor and select. So, and can you go to the computer again? Oh, can you go to the computer? Oh, sorry. Hi. There's like so much floppy. So on the 34 pin floppy interface, we have density index, motor and direction and step. And so, you know, it's much simpler. You just say, hey, step, step, step. And also there's an index pulse. But on the Apple too, to save money, they removed that motor interface and they just implemented it directly. So instead of step and direction, which some people, if you use a step or drivers nowadays, you might be familiar with like the trinamic interface which is, you know, step and direction. They just exposed the three phases, sorry, the four phases. So you'll actually have to like step the motor by hand if you want to move in and out. And then you still have read data, write data, write protect and there's a drive enable and write request. So this is not too dissimilar from here, except there's no track zero. So I guess, I think that's another thing they removed. I think it actually just like keeps going until it hits and then you like make a noise or something. And it's just like, it just keeps stepping and then the step of motor, I guess, doesn't get damaged. You just step in. So we don't have strax zero and we do have Rw gates. I think that's write protect or write request. And we have read data, there's no side, sorry. There's no side, it's very simple. There's no, yeah, there's like only read data, write data, write protect and enable and then write request. The, you know, there's no ready, there's no track zero and there's no index. So it was much simpler. It was much less expensive because they didn't have to interface, it created all these interface signals. So the good news is most of the signals I can reuse but I still need to have those four phase signals. I think I can reuse motor direction and step because those are and maybe, let's see, because I have to ask for the right direction. So, oh, so I can think I can reuse density because that's not used select motor direction step. So I do have four signals that I can use, so that's good. But one thing that is, we might want to add is the ability to do index detection. So I forgot to grab this. So, and this is actually useful for non-Apple floppies as well. And we wrote a guide about this. So, some old computers had the ability to use because they didn't have the index signal. And if you look here, look at this image. This is the index hole. And if we, maybe I'll show really fast. Maybe we'll go to the, let me get this going. I'm assuming this has an index. Well, this doesn't have an index. Hello. I'm checking if this floppy disk has an index pin. This might have been, oh, weird it doesn't. Oh, no, it does. Okay, it was like, it's weird. Okay, so go to the overhead. Go fast, I'll show the index.  And that's the index pulse. So when this disk goes around, there's a little optical sensor in, not the Apple II drive, but in your standard five and a quarter drive that detects it. But this is a single-sided floppy. If you see here, single-sided. But there's no real reason that it's single-sided. A lot of floppy goes, the material's on both sides because it's like, it's just made on both sides. So you could use the opposite side, but the problem is that now you're looking for the sensor signal here and there's no hole. And some people would literally cut a hole in the plastic, but you have to be careful because you couldn't cut another hole in the material that uses, that's the magnetic material. You had to keep this whole, you can't have two of these, you only have one of these. So you have to remove the magnetic material. You have to open this up, remove the magnetic material, punch a hole exactly in the right location and put it back. Which is a lot of work, but maybe when the floppy disks were like 10 bucks a piece, it's worth it. All right, so let's go back to the computer. I'll wrap this up. So these are called flippy floppy. So this is like a visual demonstration that you could remove and replace it. And the reason you could do this on some computers, including Apple too, is because there was no index pulse. So they were never looking for that hole. And so if you're not looking for that hole, it doesn't matter if it's there. It's also used for some copy protection and stuff as well because you can never quite tell exactly where you were. But we'll get into it in more detail later.  So what you do instead is, this is a funky idea. What you do is on the drum of the motor that rotates, you would put this black tape, like actual tape, and then you leave a little gap and then you have an optical sensor that will look for the gap and will send a signal to the floppy controller and let it know that like this is when you circled around exactly once. And now it's not gonna get exactly the same location as that hole, but like it doesn't matter. As long as it's like a consistent rotation, it doesn't matter where that hole is. That makes sense because the floppy controller will like usually take all the track, especially if you're reading data from the floppy disks for archival purposes, you're gonna read two tracks and then you stitch it together, which we'll again, we'll cover later. All right, so that's also gonna have to be added. So I'm kind of like, you know, here's my Apple II connector and I'm probably gonna like put it over here and then I'll maybe shove this over here, but I also wanna add that sensor. But the issue is I don't wanna have something complicated like this where you have to like solder or resistor. I wanna have a very simple breakout board. And so I have to find an optical sensor that will do the job and that's what I'm gonna do for the great search. Well, a great search brought to you by DigiKey and a free user power of engineering to help you guys find the things on digikey.com. Sometimes seem to look for things that she's looking for. Yeah, but usually, I mean, I use DigiKey a lot. So this is what I, this is what I, today, actually today, this is what I was looking for. All right, so I was just talking about how I'm going to make a interface into an Apple Disk II drive. And the Apple Disk II drive was a low-cost version of the Shugart five and a quarter disk interface. And to make it low-cost was not Amanda was who's friend of the fruit, but Steve was the echo. We started Apple. What he did is he removed a lot of the drive interface that would add cost. And one of the things that he removed was the index sensor. And the index sensor tells you when you've rotated around one point. So as I was just showing off because this video is cut, I'm gonna cut it quickly. You can fake an index sensor by having some black plastic on the spindle, the motor that goes around. And using a optical sensor as shown here, you bolt it on and then you look for that gap. You just have to have something that it looks for. And as long as it only happens once per evolution, it counts as an index sensor. And then you can tell when your data begins and you have a marker for the beginning or end of the flux data coming from the floppy drive. Because otherwise the thing is that the rotation isn't consistent. It can vary. And so there's no way for you to know where to stitch the data unless you know exactly where the index is. And so like having that, like I did one rotation is really, really valuable. Otherwise you're like, it's like you don't know. Like did I do one rotation or one and a half? Very hard to tell. And also you might wanna also read the data consistently indexed to the index pulse, track to track, which is a security system that was used in Apple to floppies to prevent piracy. So one thing I was looking at today is, I wanted to have a breakout board that would make this easier to mount than the setup because there's like a little bit of like this kind of free wire soldering and then like, oh, there's like a wire here and a wire there and like three wires and then maybe you have a switch as well. And so I wanted to make it easier. I wanted to have an easier to mount version of this sensor, which I love the sensor and everything, but it's not easy to use. So what I want is an optical sensor. I'm gonna use optical because I find that it's a lot easier. The magnetic sensors, it's like, it's kind of risky. You have to put a magnet and then let it use off.  And so I want to be able to integrate all this onto one disk drive, onto one breakout board for the disk drive. And so what I want is a light sensor like this one with a transmitter, there's an emitter and then a receiver and then it bounces light off and then it gives me an analog or digital signal back. And ideally it would be surface mount and ideally it would be right angle because I wanna have the PCB and then I wanna have the sensor coming out like this for easy mounting, right? I would bolt the sensor, PCB, I wanna be fine, like this. And then the sensor would be pointing out, like in the plane of the PCB. Sure that this is actually a little bit more difficult than I thought, but let's go to the key and see what we can find. So I want optical sensor, optical sensor. Lot of options. So there's photo interrupters, slot type. That's not what I want. A slot type is, well, I'll show you. It's the same idea, but it has the emitter and detector on opposite sides of a slot, which is great if you have a disk that's going through but I don't have a disk I'm trying to reflect off of the drum. So while this has the right idea, it's not quite right. There's also a couple, there's two kinds of versions of the reflective. There's photo detectors, but I think that these, yeah, this doesn't have the emitter part. So this is just the detector. And so I don't want that. I want something that's integrated that has both because this assumes that you have some other emitter elsewhere and I wanna have an all in one thing. So that's a different thing. So what I want is again, not the slot type but reflective and analog output because that's basically the sensor I was using before except that version was like panel mount or it was like solder type. So I wanna look for active. So let's look for active. And a lot of the other settings I don't really care about like the current or the DC-4 or the voltage because again, this is all gonna be at low voltages anyways. So everything is within reason and I can always add an op amp if I need better signaling, leveling, whatever, a potentiometer. What I really want is surface mount if possible. So let's look at surface mount. Not a lot of options, which could be good or could be bad. And then let's look. So this is very cute. You can see the emitter and detector but this is pointing up. You can see it's meant to be soldered and it points up. Ditto points up, ditto points up, ditto points up, points up, up, up, up, up. I mean this one's like super cute, right? It's got the two little LEDs but again, pointing up, pointing up, pointing up. So I looked through all of these because there wasn't a filter for right angle and that turned out I actually couldn't, I mean this one is not actually surface mount. I mean it's axial, not surface mount. But of other versions that were available, I did not see any that were right angle. It was kind of a bummer. So sometimes you don't find exactly what you want. So let's get rid of the mounting type. That turned out not to work out. And let's do, if you can't do surface mount, at least do through hole. Because I don't want chassis or panel mount because that's what I had before and that's like even more impossible to connect to the PCB. At least with through hole, it's like I can, you can solder it somehow. And let's just get rid of marketplace for now. Just slowly looking at stuff that stopped. And then actually like what's funny is like, okay, like this one, I actually seen this one. This one's cute through hole clips in but again, vertical style. And then this is also vertical style. You see the two LEDs pointing up, pointing up the two black bars or the emitter and reflector. This is the one that I'm trying to replace. Ditto, ditto, ditto. But, you know, what's funny is like I looked around and actually the best option was the first one. I kind of like flipped through these because again, there was no real filter for right angle style.  But it turns out this one, the TCRT, sorry, it's not getting over this cold, was like the best option. So if you look at the data sheet, it's available in two kinds, but this one will actually do the job quite nicely. It's through hole, but like, you know, we'll solder it and have the legs come out and clip them. And it's very simple. It just has the LED on. So we'll have a, you know, resistor and then the photo transistor that we can have is the signal input. And it's pretty easy to use. And it's perfect for bouncing stuff off. And looks like, let's see, the distance it works at. This is the ratio collector emitter distance. You know, it works best at one millimeter, like very close, but it'll work up to like three or four millimeters. It looks like even up to six millimeters. It's actually quite nice. Like it's exact, you know, that means I have a little bit of space for the mounting. Let me show the mounting now. This is one second. You can see the mounting is actually pretty close. It's a couple, a couple of millimeters. So we should be like totally good on the distance. And the otherwise the signal looks good. So I like this. Oh, it looks like they have a, oh, they have a version that's like bent if you want to have it like pointing that out, you know, up after all, but just make sure that you, I'll get, I'll make sure I get the version that's vertical style. The good news is that there's lots in stock. Sorry, this is the footprint of the Vichier TCRT 1000, 40,000 in stock and they're like super cheap, 50 cents a piece. This is the sensor I'm going to use and I'm going to now design a PCB that will be able to mount on a standard five and a quarter drive or an Apple drive and give me that reflective pulse for the index sensor. That's the great search. All right, thanks so much everybody for joining us this Sunday evening. We're going to watch some superb owls maybe. I don't know, something like that. It is. Yeah. All right. And we'll see everybody throughout the week. Thanks for joining us. Later, buddy. Bye everybody.


When Diane Van Deren was in her 20s, the epilepsy that she experienced as a child came back with a vengeance. Though she tried various treatments and interventions, she found only one thing stopped the seizures…running. Whenever she felt the sense that a seizure was coming on, she'd lace up her shoes and take off for a long-distance run through the national park near her house. Diane had brain surgery to remove a golf ball-sized portion of her brain, which left her entirely seizure-free. However, she no longer has any short-term memory, but there's an upside. In distance running, where obstacles are both physiological and psychological, having no short-term memory is a gift. Because she has always focused on the present moment, Diane is never dragged down by the thoughts about where she is, how far she's come, or where she's going. She can run farther and longer than anyone because she has a superpower that very few have. She's always focused on the present moment.


And welcome to Barnes Takeout. My name is Nancy Eisen. I'm the Gunn Family Chief Curator at the Barnes Foundation. And I'm actually at the foundation today, which is very exciting. I'm in my office, but I'm going to take you to the galleries. And I'm going to show you a painting by an artist who I absolutely love, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, the French 19th century painter who was best known for his depictions of Paris nightlife in the late 19th century. Now, what you see before you is a shot of the novel of Room 22. So we're upstairs in the foundation. This is a room where you see a lot of African work. And you also see a very large Cuba's painting from around 1913 by Roger Le Frisnitz, which is about marriage and relationships. I don't know whether Barnes had that in mind when he put the painting we're going to talk about by its side. But that parallel will become clearer as I tell you a little bit more about the work in question. So if you just look towards the door above the chair, you'll see quite a subdued canvas, you know, distinguished by its browns and its reds and its little flecks of white. And it's called Amon Rouge, Rosa La Rouge. So just to sort of roughly translate, in Mont Rouge, which was a part of Paris, Rosa La Rouge, and Rosa La Rouge is a character Rosa de Red. What we have here is Toulouse-Lautrec imagining a character from a song. And let's just look a little more closely at the painting. Now Rosa La Rouge was a character in a song, as I mentioned. And the song was by a very popular singer at the time called Aristides Bruin. Bruin sang in a working class dialect in Paris. And he was very popular in the nightclubs. Sometimes people said that people, you know, visitors went to hear Bruin sing because they wanted to be shocked. He talked about things that people didn't talk about.  The song Amon Rouge, which Rosa La Rouge stars in, really describes her as a prostitute. He lures clients into sort of precarious places so that her pimp can take advantage of them, you know, robbing them. Perhaps even, you know, there's overtones of murder within the song. It's quite sinister. And here, interestingly, we get a feel for that character, not from any kind of enticing dress, but rather from a menacing body language. Lourtheque creates a body that is tense and taut and doesn't even look at us. And if you see this very almost defiant turn of the head, which he describes in a very economic way, if you look at this high resolution picture, you can see how he's using the texture of the canvas. And there's a very drawn quality to the way that Lourtheque paints. He uses a very thin down paint. And he uses it quite sparsely. There isn't any real depth physically to this painting. All the depth is created by the clever placement of color. The other thing that we know with Lourtheque's painting is that he loved a matte surface. He really didn't like his works to have any kind of varnish on them. He didn't like them to shine. And here you see what effect that creates. It really spares us any sense of gloss. This is a roughly hewn work. And that really seems to fit with his choice of subject matter. Now, we know that the model that Lourtheque uses for this work, and indeed for over a dozen others, is a woman called Carmel Gouda. And she was a laundress. So she was something that made her living washing clothes. The blouse she's wearing is quite typical of that line of work. And Lourtheque had seen her when he'd been out dining with a friend, and he was attracted by her red hair. There seemed to be something that he really fixated on. And the works that he makes of her always make a feature of her red hair. In this instance, you see how that red aligns through the hair tie at the back of her head, the color actually in her oven hair. And also, I think most brilliantly, this little flash of red that makes her enough, again, so economic there, Lourtheque really just having this incredible confidence as he paints. Now, funnily enough, after three or so years of painting, Carmen, Lourtheque loses interest. And we know that this is because he writes this actually in a letter to his biographer, close friend of his, Garzi, that she changed her hair from urban to brown. And at this moment, he loses interest entirely. It does seem to be that it's this formal quality that really acts as a magnet to him. And of course, here, I think there is this wonderful sense of it fitting so well with the character from the song. Rosa Lourtheque has not only connotations of her sensuality, but also of the sort of murderous undertones of the song. And unfortunately, Rosa meets a rather sad end in Raun's tale as she's she's eventually murdered by her pimp. Again, Lourtheque did not shy away from the underbelly of Paris. He too, I think, liked to test the boundaries of of taste. And and yet somehow there's a sensitivity there too. He did know people well within the this sort of Bohemian worlds of Paris. He got close to his models. He became friends with his models. So I think it's it's interesting to to wonder about the circumstances in which this picture was made. You know, somebody posing as a character, Lourtheque really fixating on their individual features as something that could tie into that that that fantasy, if you like. And and again, just a fabulous painting in terms of the handling of paint, the confidence it shows us. And just, you know, even in the detail like this window here, just this lovely freedom that you see as he almost sort of, you know, works his brush out against the dryness of the canvas. So next time you're at the Barnes Foundation, be sure to take a look in Room 22. And I hope that like me, you'll develop a very soft spot for Lourtheque. In the meantime, stay well. And I hope to see you soon. Very best. Bye. Bye.


Γεια σας, είναι Vicky εδώ, και σήμερα είμαι να κάνω μια μικρή κανβάση. Οπότε η κανβάση μου είναι 8x8 και είναι 1 1,5 φιντζόνια, οπότε είναι πολύ καλό. Τώρα θα χρησιμοποιήσω αυτά τα δυνατές και θα χρησιμοποιήσω αυτά τα δυνατές για να κρατήσω το βαγγράμμα μου. Θα χρησιμοποιήσω τα δυνατές και να κρατήσω έναν μικρό πιστό από τους. Τα δυνατές βαγγράμμα είναι από 13 αρτών, που βρίσκονται από τους, η και η δυνατή. Και όπως πάνω, θα βρεις πάνω τη πλήση των όλων των πιστόνια που χρησιμοποιήσω, εγώ στον εξογραφείο της. Τώρα, αν δεν είναι οικονομικός με 13 αρτών, βλέπεις ότι χρησιμοποιώ το υποδοσχέδιο της Γερμαίδειας εδώ. Είναι η πόληση της Γερμαίδειας με μεγάλο πόλεμα. Έχουν έναν σώμα της εξογραφίας, όπου μπορείς να φτύχεις όλες τα πόλεμα που χρειαζόνεις για τη δυνατή της εξογραφίας. Ξεκίνησα να κάνω ένα από τα τεχνικά μου για τα πόλεμα, θα τα σχεδιάσω όλα τα πόλεμα που έχω κυρίσει. Θα χρησιμοποιώ το υποδοσχέδιο της Γερμαίδειας να σχεδιάσω όλα τα πόλεμα και στο τέλος θα δείτε ότι όλα αυτά τα πόλεμα που μεταφέρει ένα ένα, θα μεταφέρω να μεταφέρει μια καλύτερη εξογραφία. Και όταν θα φτύχω με τα πόλεμα της εξογραφίας μου, θα μεταφέρω και να κάνω τα πόλεμα που έχω κυρίσει επειδή they are so deep. This is going to give a nice and finished look to my canvas.  You see that 13 hours jesso is really thick, so it is great for doing dry brushing. Θα χρησιμοποιώ ένα σχεδό σχεδό και θα μεταφέρω ένα jesso μεταφέρει μια καλύτερη εξογραφία μου. Θα θέλω να σχεδιάσω το σχεδό στον πόλεμα και στο καλύτερο μόνο μόνο. Ξεδημαστεί να δοκιμάσω το σχεδό στον πόλεμα, θα προσπαθώ να το κάνω σχεδό. Λοιπόν μπορείτε να δείτε πώς είναι σχεδόν. Και μπορείτε να δείτε την διαφορά. Όταν βλέπεις τα πόλεμα της εξογραφίας. Βεβαστά να κάνω τα πόλεμα της εξογραφίας. Με κάποιο σχεδό και σχεδό. Και τώρα για κάποιο αλήθεια. Θα πω να προσπαθώ με σχεδό, μου χώρος, γιατί θα χρησιμοποιώ τα δύο μου φιλόμενοι χώρες της όλας από 13 εξογραφίας. Και μπορείτε να δείτε πώς μπορώ να μεταφέρω μετά αυτήν την εξογραφία. Και θα δείτε το ίδιο σχεδό για τα διάσταση της πόλεμας. Και να δείτε πιο πιο πιστικό στον πόλεμα μου, θα προσπαθώ να δείτε πιο σχεδό. Ενώ χρησιμοποιώ τα ίδια σχεδό, που χρησιμοποιώ για το σχεδό μου. Λοιπόν, όλοι είναι καλύτερα. Και μπορείτε να δείτε πώς είναι να κάνετε τα φιλόμενοι με χρησιμοποιώ τα σχεδό από αυτήν την πόλεμα ή με χρησιμοποιώ ένα σχεδό. So now I'm going to use my heat gun to speed up the drying process and you can see the beautiful result. Now I'm going to use one of 13 art stances that I really love. I think this is very versatile and you can use it again and again on your projects.  Now I'm going to leave this aside to dry and I'm going to work on my focal points. So I'm going to use this cheaper set and I'm going to pick up one of those clocks as well as those words that say dreams come true.  And I am also going to use this pattern paper which is actually a leftover from the pattern paper that I used in the beginning for my background.  Now you will see that I will not end up having that black background inside my clock but I really need that texture which is the same as the background. You will see what I mean later on. So now I'm going to use this copper paint. It is also by 13 arts and I'm going to color my clock. This paint has a beautiful shimmer that you cannot see at the moment but I will try to catch the light later on so that you can see how beautiful it looks. I'm also going to color all those letters with black jesso I believe. You can use black acrylic paint whatever you have on hand and I'm also going to use 13 arts black jesso which is also thick and I'm going to do some dry brushing over that clock so that it doesn't look so perfect. I like to mix colors a little bit. So I'm happy with how everything is looking at the moment.  And this is where I am going to stick that piece of chipboard that I haven't thrown which was originally inside that clock and this is going to ensure that I have a knotted dimension when I stick the clock on top of the my canvas. Now of course I love working on my art journals but one thing that I love when I am working on a canvas is the ability to be as dimensional as I want so I am going to add a lot of elements here to make it really dimensional but I also like to have things sticking out of the canvas from the sides just like I did with the clock. I think that it gives it even more character and makes the piece even more interesting. And here's another beautiful patterned paper from the same collection by Thirteen Arts that has beautiful feathers from the back and I have used my scissors to cut out some of them. Now to match the colors with the background I am spraying lightly over those feathers with the old gold spray that I used for the background. And to help all those feathers pop out even more from the background I am going to add a little bit of black jesso on the edges. Now since those feathers are made out of paper you can manipulate them and make sure that you add some dimension on them. Again just because I'm working on a canvas and not on an art journal on a book that has everything to be flat I am playing around with textures and dimensions here. And I also have this string and you can see that I am applying a little bit of that copper paint all over it to match the colors of my canvas. And now finally it's time to assemble my focal point on top of my canvas and I am going for a dream cutter here. I am going to stick down the strings and then the feathers at the end of the strings by adding some glue at the back as well as some foam tape for added dimension. And now I am going to make the center of the clock more interesting. So I am going to use this patterned paper. I am using one of those Capochon domes and I am going to choose one of the butterflies.  And I am going to use my gel medium to stick them together. I think that this is a great way to create your own customized embellishments. And this is going to look a little bit milky in the beginning but once the gel medium dries it's going to be totally clear. So here is Ginger who was really interested in my embellishments and I am also going to use this metal clock that comes from the same collection by 13 arts but I am going to use my own form squares at the back just because I want to add even more dimension so I am going to double up on form squares and this sits nicely on top of that dome.  These are copper microbeads by Prima. And they are going to stick where the gel medium was so the idea is to create a cluster at the center of that clock which is going to give dimension and interest on my project and with my brass and gel medium I am going to touch some other parts of this clock so that I can apply some of those microbeads here and there.  And the different textures on these kinds of projects are really a must so I am going to add even more texture by adding some of these glass glitter. This is chunky glitter in copper and I am also going to use some of those brats that have beautiful gems that match perfectly the color palette of my art journal. I don't need those legs so I am going to chop them off and then stick those gems on my project. And here is a closer look to see where those gems are. To finish off that cluster I am also going to add some of those flowers. I have these paper flowers in white and I always buy them in white because I can then color them in a color I want to match my projects. Before I stick those flowers down I am first going to use this copper acrylic paint. It's the same paint I used for the clock and I am going to go over that background. I am first applying a very thin layer and I am going to go over it with a thicker layer which is going to help that butterfly and the whole cluster to pop even more. So it seems that it's very thick and you cannot see the design at the background so I am going to go over it with my baby wipe and lightly dab it so I do see the background coming through but at the same time I have the shine and the cluster pops even more. So to finish it off now it's time to color my flowers and I am using the same two sprays. Some of the flowers are tickrays and gold and some of the flowers are just gold and I am going to stick them down by using my matte medium. And that was the project for today. I hope you had fun and got inspired and if you did don't forget to leave me a comment as well as give me thumbs up on my youtube channel. Don't forget that you can find a full list of all the supplies that I used today down below in the description area as well as on my blog. Here are some close-up photos of the project I made today. Thank you all for watching!


Today is day 4 of the day-to-day challenge and I'm going to be doing some exercises for those who may be wheelchair users or they may have a health or medical condition that might limit their mobility.


Tomorrow you have to start looking at the Amazons of the world, right, sitting at the bottom of the channel. Tomorrow you have to start looking at the Netflix of the world, held the 50-day moving average, right? Look what happened to Tesla, and maybe it won't happen tomorrow, but look what happened to Tesla. It hit the 50-day moving average bounce. Welcome to Access a Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, giving everybody welcome to another edition of the AccessaTrade.com, that we wrap up, show up, everybody is doing well. So let's talk about the market today. On the surface you're not going to feel anything, right? The market there is no, is the market in turmoil coming up on CNBC because the Dow Jones industrial average was up 27 points. Unfortunately, the Dow Jones is pretty kind of irrelevant. It really is. It's only 30 stocks. It's retail, water cooler talk, and it really doesn't make a difference. If you are an active participant in the market, and we talk about this all the time, it's the NASDAQ composite, the Russell, and the SPX. The big conversation going over the weekend, if you watched the weekend update or any video from last week, we were in distribution. And again, without going into what distribution is, make a long story short, the buyers and sellers of this market were going through kind of a fight in a phone booth. They were trying to see who is in control of the market, just because if you looked at what happened the last three, four days of last week, you saw a very, very smaller contracting channel. So we knew that. So we knew our contraction usually lasts for about four to five days. So we knew any type of event or any type of futures overnight cash action was going to give us a bigger clue. Now again, it doesn't make a difference if contraction ends on the upside or the downside. It just wants to end. It needs to end. And when you look at today's action and you see the final numbers today on the NASDAQ composite down two and a half percent of the day, can anybody be really surprised that this actually happened? We've been talking about now for weeks, beta has not participated. Okay, we're looking at channels for such a long duration. We've been talking about Netflix hasn't done anything since earnings. We've been talking about Apple hasn't done anything since earnings, Facebook on and on and on. And what we saw today was kind of result of what the data has been telling us now for a very, very long time. And that was, well, sales technology, SPACs are still very, very strong, but you have to pay attention to the overall market. If buyers start really accepting that the market has gone on a big run and now they're tired, looking for clues of buyers getting tired. And one of the clues came in a very, very weird, very, very weird situation today. Now usually this has nothing to do with anything that I trade, right? But this little stock I saw this morning and they came out with a PR and the PR was something like blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah SPAC, right? That's all I remember. And usually a PR like that and the word SPAC in this type of environment two, three weeks ago, the stock would have probably went up 200,000 percent and everybody would have chased it in sight. The difference between what happened two weeks ago, what happened today was this was a perfect example of a buyer strike. People just got tired. They didn't want to chase the prices anymore. And the stock literally went from two, almost $3 pre-market all the way back down to the 168 level. We also knew, and kind of going back into the realm of what we've been kind of covering for a very, very long time, we also knew what happened or know what happened when a stock loses its range, a macro range. And for the most part, many stocks for the last three, four months, despite how weak the Amazons of the world was and the Facebooks and the Boeing's and everything in between, we knew that most stocks were still above their ranges. But Tesla gave a really example of how structural ranges work and what happens when these ranges finally lose. And if you've been watching this broadcast for the last few weeks, you know how important that 800 level was. You know how important that 780 level was. We actually even knew how important this 762 was because that was the low from four days ago on the rising 50 day support. And when you look at a lot of charts and how they're kind of setting up going into tomorrow, you'll see a lot of similarities of how Tesla's starting up. And again, you don't need to take a lot of work tonight. You just go through literally the NASDAQ 100, just names that are just sitting there tested their bottom of the range support here. And if it takes one more day to confirm, and nobody's saying that it's going to turn into a Tesla situation, but the market is very, very aggressive right now. And when you look at what happens when channels start to get aggressive, they get hit very, very, very aggressively, right? That's the moral of the story. And we'll get to the pivots in a second. And tomorrow you have to start looking at the Amazons of the world, right? Sitting at the bottom of the channel. Tomorrow you have to start looking at the Netflix of the world, held the 50 day moving average, right? Look what happened to Tesla, and maybe it won't happen tomorrow. But look what happened to Tesla. It hit the 50 day moving average, bounce. And look what happens when you confirm the 50 day moving average. So look at Amazon, right? Look at Amazon, first close below the 50. If this thing gets confirmed, look how much room it has down. Look at Netflix, right? It stopped right on the 50 day moving average. This 50 day moving average gets confirmed tomorrow. It has a lot of room down. Look at Facebook, right? Same thing, Facebook touched right on support. If this support gets confirmed tomorrow, look how much room you have down. And so forth, and so on, and so on. And the most important part was, if you've been doing your homework and actively researching the market and researching names, you'll notice this wasn't a shock. Yes, maybe it was a shock to the NASA composite went down 350 points today. But you could see this brewing every single day and seeing that these stocks just didn't participate. For the last two, three months, we've been talking about literally one beta trade, maybe a day, maybe two, maybe three throughout the week. They've been picking their spots. Of course, they've been having really, really good runs with the zooms of the world and the videos of the world and so forth and so on. But you know the disconnect between beta, large cap, mega cap stocks from the rest of the market. And once we started seeing cracks in small cap names that they just wouldn't run up today, right? On PRs, whatever the case may be, we started getting a lot more clues. And so far and slowly but surely, you started seeing a lot of ranges get absolutely hit today.  But a lot of names as well. Of course, nobody is talking about mass destruction this market is going to zero. We're not about that. It's not about fear mongering. It's about looking at these setups, looking at where the market is. Now, macro wise, we've been talking about this 305 level for a very, very long time. Once 305 goes out, we know that this market has changed sentiment and changed sentiment very, very aggressively. But for this market to get, or at least start to get more aggressive than kind of a one day event, if today's action gets confirmed, then you have that move kind of mirroring what we saw and what we're seeing right now in an Amazon, in a Netflix, in a Facebook of the world, on Apple today, they got hit pretty aggressively at the open. You could get a test into the 50 day moving average. And unfortunately, a lot of new traders and investors, they don't believe in this. They don't believe in gravity. And they say, well, this is exactly like everything that's been happening for the last four and a half years. Every dip gets bought. Maybe it does, maybe it doesn't. We don't know that. Again, we're not trying to guess or we're not trying to scare anybody. All we're talking about is rational behavior, right? Looking at the market from an objective point of view, not from the bull side, not from the bear side, but from an opportunistic side and just making sure you are prepared. Because so if you are an investor and these levels start cracking, maybe the bulls do come. But what happens if it doesn't? You have to have kind of a plan A, plan B, plan D, and plan Z. Because if you are all about wishful thinking, then just ask all the folks back during the dot com craze what happened on every single bounce. Eventually the bounce has stopped. The bears took over yada yada yada, a big revolving door. So of course I'm not trying to put any fear to anybody, just respect the levels, right? Respect these levels. Today, if this range loses tomorrow, we go down to 317. Again, stocks go from supply to supply and they go from demand to demand to demand. So any closer for all you guys who are have exposure, have an inventory, basically positions, right? Swing traders. Any close on the queues below 317, that's not good. Okay, so that's not good. So if you've completely, you know, just put your blinds on from the 328 level. And again, you know this 305 level is going to be very, very important. Just put that 317, put it on a sticky pad, put it in front of you. Any close below 317, macro wise on the queues will start a very, very aggressive cycle. And this is just not an opinion. This is exactly what happens when sellers clean up buyers while stocks go lower. And hopefully if you are a shareholder in a lot of these names, hopefully you will recognize this, you know, recognize this, the warning signs. And if it does happen, you kind of start making necessary steps to kind of protect your portfolio. So, you know, tomorrow there's a lot of value on deck. Obviously I'm watching Amazon. I'm watching Netflix. I'm watching Facebook. Look at some of the pivots today, incredibly strong. Akamai, which is surprising that Akamai didn't completely get annihilated considering how much, how good the macro consolidation was to the downside. 98, 30, 98, if it builds below can start its next leg down. I'm very surprised it didn't get smashed. Only went down about a buck. So, here's the whole 98, 98, 30. We covered this thing on the weekend update. Only went down to 97, I'm very surprised. But if they start taking down that 97, I do believe it still gets to that 95 area. Some of you guys, I know Scout, this yell, $7 needs to build, only a small move. There's not gonna be a lot of violence, okay? There really is not going to be a lot of violence to the upside, especially if there's a macro buyer strike. So, here's the seven. Only went up about 20 cents before it reversed. BTWN, I still like this thing. Keep an eye on this thing. Starts building that $18 level. I still like it. I caught a piece of this trade. PSHC, 18 needs to build. Went to 1870s, you know, there's nothing wrong with it. You know, caught it for a little bit. Two weeks ago, I still like this thing. If they start confirming this thing macro over 19, I think it does go. But here was the pivot right here. Here was the 18, right? This whole channel here. Two candles in a row. This is where I was talking about the sneaky area, 18. It got above the 18, traded all the way up into the 1870s. I still like that 19 area. Apple got smashed, 127, 30, 127. If it builds below, it can flush. I thought it had a chance to get to 124. And they started coming in with some really aggressive weekly 124 put buyers. And this is a perfect example of the options market dictating what potentially could happen next. So here was Apple. They took down this 127 area, right? 127, 40, 127, and got it down to the 25, 60. I still think it gets into the 24s tomorrow, especially if the market confirms. Obviously, MXIM came nowhere close to breaking out above 98, 50. NIO was pretty good. I quote a piece of this as well. 52, 50, if it builds below, can flush. Here's another example. A buyer came in with short-term $44 puts. I said there's a shot he could get down to the 50, 60 level. Da, da, da, stock went to right to 50, 40. So here was the 52, 50 area that it broke down. And if this thing confirms tomorrow, I still like it lower. Right, folks, again, stocks go from demand to demand to demand. So if this starts losing today's range, there's a lot of room down there as well. Apple, again, got smoked. NIO, here comes new lows, 50, 60 next stop went to 50, 40. Here's how to be the weirdest move of the day. And when I put the pivot in, I was joking around. I said, look, 6.30, if it reclaims the 10-day moving average, no, I have not been drinking, right? I've been drinking, allegedly. So here's another perfect example of the options market dictating exactly what potentially could happen next if macro gets confirmed. And this was just one of the highlighted buyers that came in, but we started watching buyer after buyer after buyer of the March 19 expiration $10 calls. And they just weren't coming in for $13,000 premium tent. They were coming in for hundreds of thousands of dollars, one after another and after another. And here's a perfect example that, again, market is driven by the option flow, but here's also another example that somebody knows something, everybody knows something, right? Somebody out there knows something that potentially could come out. So here's the 6.25, 6.30 level. And as soon as it started building above that 6.30, you had a PR come out that New York governor Cuomo and I think also New Jersey as well, they were allowing movie theaters to open up again. Obviously, this is a big deal for the movie industry, AMC and IMAX and this thing from the 6.30 just absolutely exploded and went to the 6.7.20s level. I still think this probably gets into the 7.60s for tomorrow. If you are stuck in this trade, obviously higher levels, $13, $14, $15, 7.60 is a viable area to possibly make a sale and kind of re-examine your position. If you are long a runner overnight, that is obviously your first supply and it kind of factors in for tomorrow. Maybe game stock wakes up. Now again, it's not really the same thing as AMC. At least you understand why reopening of the movie theaters is a big deal. So I don't think it's a plate, but here's kind of the same little challenge. And again, it's not really on watch tomorrow. Like nobody should turn around and say, no, man, I love it. I think it's going, no, no, no, no, no. I'm not saying this, we sort of watched this thing, but you know, kind of in the corner of our eye, let's keep an eye to it. I think of reclaiming the 10 day moving average. Maybe this thing wakes up as well. So, you know, look, there's a lot of value in this market right now. Distribution is over. The distribution did not mean the bulls were gonna regain control. All distribution meant was the buyers and the sellers, one got cleaned up, it wasn't the sellers, the buyers got cleaned up and then expansion channels started forming to the downside. Please watch the levels tomorrow. If we start confirming today's prices, there is going to be more selling. We'll see, we'll see. We have to be prepared for everything. Guys, have a great night everybody. God bless and I will see everybody tomorrow. Take care.


Hi, good morning and welcome to today's products and focus big reversal in global equity markets Yesterday and today even as fOMC came out last night and said that they will not be raising rates before April Which was you know the terminology was quite surprising because everybody was thinking about it's gonna be mid-summer Anyway, and they've just said well, we won't do it before April Which I thought would be a bit more bullish for interest rates and saying that the dollar has rallied and dollar yen spiked up cables drop down Euro-dollar obviously on the back foot but not as much as I would have thought and equities are driving up that little bit higher with the US They're a potentially hitting short-term potential resistance at 17 3 70 F38 8 and as you see it's already tried to break above that but to get pushed back down again Which close to that 21 period SMA all of the technicals are neutral But we do have a little bit of economic data directly on today. You've got unemployment claims I'm to be fair. That's pretty much it from the US and quickly fast-forward on the Friday. You've got Chinese CPI I love the non-farm payrolls So a bit of a big day on Friday and you can sign up to our webinar Our live webinar that they would do if you go to support and in live trader events you can sign up and Join our session with our market market analyst Michael Houston who has got a massive focus on FX going forward So UK 100 not quite as bullish as the US 30 which are closer to us all-time highs than what the UK market is They can so we're getting quite close to go in general elections here in the UK. So we've got about three or four months Probably one of the most hotly contested elections in years. It's gonna be quite close And that's maybe having a bit of an impact on sterling as well But it's probably gonna have a little bit of a downwards pressure on UK equities as well until we have a bit more clarity As to which direction it's gonna go and whose policy is gonna come in going forward Support 64 15 resistance potential resistance 65 89 on the UK one hundred Japan 225 Well, this is getting a shot in the arm because dollar yen is completely reverse course It was done about 118 the other day. It's quite close to 120 right now next potential resistance 17 4 96 As that dollar yen continues to unravel or not unravel but shut up higher as the safe haven yen buying Kind of stops. I should say we've seen a big reversal and gold in the back of that FOMC statement last night as well Got about $10 down to 120 7 safe havens aren't flavor of the month today, but they were a few days ago instantly But 17 4 96 the level to watch Japan to do 5 if we quickly jump on to dollar yen You can see they were having another surge there today We might challenge short-term potential Resistance it's more like 120 spot 80 with a longer term potential resistance one spot 21 87 and everybody's pretty Talking up the USD pretty bullish the USD For as long as the MAC with data comes out nicely and the FOMC statement just adds to that So looking at West Texas crude and oil inventories came out a lot worse than expected minus three million barrels That gave it a little bit of a of support pushed up higher But as you can see today's candle we're already again in negative territory, so we're at 80 47 60 But the low has been below 47 at 46 81 Let's see what happens today So they had the price support if it doesn't continue higher on the back that we can then that we can anticipated crude figure then What's next for for West Texas the pressure still on Looking at gold. It's always been a Interesting one a bit of a tough one to gauge at I personally don't like trading a lot of gold because it is not responding as Well to some of the fundamentals as indices and FX and crude oil for example But nevertheless it did react last night as you would have expected with the FOMC mentioning about US interest rates Not before April Which is a bit earlier than what some analysts were expecting has come off ever so slightly It's obviously not a Titanic sell-off, but a failure to break 12 18 has brought it now to 1208 So a $10 drop so finishing up with your dollar your dollars on a weekly chart again Let me change that to a daily your dollar on the back foot Not at the lowest has been but one Spot 18 is fairly low one spot 1642 is the next potential support level Any move higher might result in a retracement up to one spot 18 72 which may encourage sellers to come back in if we do get that move for then a longer term move back down to one spot 1642 as what some traders may be looking at Finishing up with cable that that general election really weighing on the performance of the sterling Really bad five days right here Very aggressive almost coming off five cents against the dollar Looks like it's very I very firmly on up one spot for a 13 is the next potential support level There doesn't seem to be much slowed down right here They've been volatile at these two are these two candles, but still ended quite negatively And we're dropping further as we speak and we do have UK interest rate decisions you today But that's not going to be any different from usual to be honest So that gives you an idea about where we are just now keep your eye on the chart form as ever Make insights popular going forward and join me again tomorrow to find out what happened next


What's this? You could be in the new Jurassic World movie? Yes, please? So I wasn't originally gonna make a video on this topic But the more I thought about it the more me not covering it Kinda doesn't do it justice. Two people have the opportunity to be in the next Jurassic World film That being Jurassic World Dominion as part of this all-in challenge set up by beautiful Owen Grady, Chris Pratt Take it away. I've been spending the last two weeks pulling all the strings necessary to put together the greatest auction items of all time Do you want to be eaten by a dinosaur in Jurassic World 3? Jurassic World Dominion got universal to agree to give two spots not one but two spots in The movie where you were guaranteed to be recognizable not cut out of the movie absolutely in the movie forever cemented your legacy Forever eaten by a dinosaur in a movie one's a sweepstakes one's the highest bidder sweepstakes anybody can anybody can join it's ten bucks You got ten bucks you can join every dollar goes to a great cost And if you're a millionaire or billionaire if you're somebody who's just got so much money that you just So if you want to be eaten by a dinosaur with guaranteed screen recognition All you need to do is on this video go on the link in the description below and that'll take you to the All-in-challenge page like he said there is two different ways to be guaranteed a spot Well, there's no guarantee well there is one, but we'll talk about that the first one is just a raffle So you submit one entry for free and then you can choose 10 entries 25 entries 100 entries or 200 entries in this lottery prize sweepstakes to be eaten by a dinosaur They don't say what kind of dinosaur and also leave in the comments What kind of dinosaur would you like to be eaten by the other opportunity is to the highest bidder And I've already seen on Clayton's video somebody comment about be respending millions to be Guaranteed a spot in the latest film the moment it stands at I think 37,000 dollars Which is crazy amounts of money, but I suppose you'll be forever Recognizable in the Jurassic World franchise as that guy that got eaten I'm assuming this is gonna be quite similar to the unlucky Which I can't say because of you know YouTube's don't swear who got eaten in the last world I don't remember who that guy was he was definitely part of the production team, but anyway I think it'll be something like that.  Oh carnitaurus Oh, that'd be interesting that comes with my if I get you by now So it has to be carnitaurus and has to be green have light green horns as well as toast of course So if you are gonna do the entry for the sweepstakes You can only do a 200 entries maximum so you can only put in a hundred dollars and a hundred percent of the proceeds We'll be going to great courses like feeding America meals on wheels and you can find all the information in the link below so Well be ever be entering the sweepstakes. Will he be blowing his entire fortune? To get eaten by a dinosaur Sure answer No, so I was looking at the website apparently you have to be American resident or resident of the 50 states of America or Canada, but not Quebec because they're French. I don't know You have to be American or specific parts of Canada To be part of this movie I would love to think that this is because it has to be canon And that's where the dinosaurs are released and if we just had an English bloke show up Well, that would destroy the canon of the movie Obviously, it's a lot to do with laws and legislations and stuff like that Well, you know, I can kind of understand but there are drastic fans outside of America universal I don't know if you know that the interesting thing That this got me looking into I was reading the rules and in the video Christopher says you will be guaranteed to be recognizable and you will not be cut from the movie, which is perfect However, I was looking at the rules. Let me just read out some of the details So you've got things like production ID maximum number of entries hundred percent of where the money goes great Now the third one from the bottom says Participation in the production does not guarantee a visit to any set or any type or length of appearance or credit For such appearance or that such appearance will be included in the film production. Oh How many hours or the production will be released at all? Should any protocols restrictions or other ex-genesis prevent a winner from participating in production activities? Alternate plans will be made in sole discretion of sponsor and others associated with production to provide a different price or Experience so I think this is just a legal way of them covering themselves in case something happens But it does seem a bit weird like all this all this all this just in case, you know I also had there and somebody forward petition to get me eaten in the movie It's nice to know that you guys just love me want to see me fight When I first saw that this competition was being announced, I thought for a start It's great. We're gonna see some like drastic fans in the franchise the fact that this is even happening Is a great step forward. We I mean the drastic franchise has always been Including of the community, especially the Jurassic World one with Contravo being so vocal on Twitter But it also got me thinking that I don't know if I should enter for it Not that I wouldn't want to be in it. Of course Who wouldn't want to be in who is a drastic father wouldn't want to be in the movie? But at the same time, I don't want to be known like I saw a comment on my previous Video that I put up and everybody was met at the top comment was this it was about this specific subject about being in the Movie be that you're in the movie. I would point it out to everyone be like, that's the game of Beaver I first I don't want to ruin the movie not that I don't think you know They could cast me in such a way or it's like even that I would even be in the movie for just the start But if I was let's say hypothetically in the movie. I wouldn't want To break the immersion, you know, you see Chris Pratt You see Alan Gran you see all these actors and you think yeah, that's Jurassic World if all of a sudden like Chris Pratt said I was to be Recognizable popped up and eaten. I don't know if that would break the movie if I all of a sudden saw PewDiePie What's happening What is going on and of course it wouldn't be anything like that I wouldn't just all of a sudden turn the camera go Hello everyone who'd just be like you'd see me I'd run and then getting by a dinosaur and something like that It's just a tricky situation because there's a part of me that as a Jurassic Park fan I'd love to do it, but there's also the part of me that thinks you know Well people are gonna recognize you and anyway, I can't even do it. So I don't even know why I'm trying to explain myself Universal you know where I am you know how to contact me through the copyright claim system That's the one just like that any chances of it appearing in any Jurassic franchise It's a great Opportunity for someone to be in the Jurassic World franchise to be ever immortalized in that I've done enough I met Jeff Goldblum like that. That's all I wanted like that's good for me I'm happy with that But if you do want to be in with a chance that proceeds all go to great causes Go in the link down below and good luck and until next time. Sorry. It's a short video Maybe I hope so hope it isn't as long as this recording is I probably cut a lot out until next time. I'll see you later. Oh, bye. Bye


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards ripping two boxes of 22 tops chrome formula one racing hobby for Kyle P So good luck Kyle. Let's see what we've got in here for you dude. Look for our chrome autograph or fractures Well now that sins here. We'll start pulling Pini points out of tops products better orange I'm in on red or orange for sure base To the break or not yet. There's land stroll gold purple for Aston Martin But show me a Kevin Smith auto randomly inserted Kevin Smith Sid I just seen your thing about purses of Steve casting. I don't Don't get it.  So basically there is one night I was doing personals after I was top loading for Brad Carlos signs for Ferrari and Was I gonna say Brad Randomly just goes Steve will be doing personals after breaks and he started like laughing to himself And I'm like what he's like that's your new that isn't that you're like just joking and then it's stuck with like you'll see Sam will say it total say it. There's a few other people, too You can see no doubt. There you go. Congrats on that. Okay, stop SG And that's she up at the late hours of the night. That's tail poor share for air tea Grand Prix There's jq's refractor Then answer foot It's coach Steve. Well, now you just lost your chance at a super after that nonsense speed demons lancetral Oh, yeah, Brad says it. It does have to be true.  All that stuff that is Danny Ricardo on the purple nice one there to 399 True pink coming up. That's Liam Lawson and Mick Schumacher to 75 to of 75. Yeah forest was the Phoenix Sun's gorilla. Nice Mick. There you go That's actually true though sin is the Phoenix Sun's gorilla. That's pure ghastly purple checkered a 199 For alphatari Alexander Albon speed demons. Have you checked out? Um, do you see any of the gilded today? The guilt tops gilded collection sg. I feel like you'd like that That's kind of up your alley mini diamonds Sergio Perez for Red Bull to 299 Yeah, gilded's really awesome dude gilded is really really good product base Louis Hamilton refractor and And auto flip a drugamitch for MP motorsport on the refractor nice one there No, Jeremy. We've got we still got a good amount of cases left. I know we have some more coming in too I just don't know if we're gonna have any up for personals in the near future or not I know we have more group breaks of it listed some mixers Probably some six boxers all that kind of stuff. I was gonna say you probably got a couple of those I feel like I've pulled like three of those for you now Kyle See a two auto box here or two auto break by saying There's true purple Max for stappin To 399 at your second. All right, there you go. Yeah, the Otani super was nuts You see no, no orange red. We're gonna say There's a thing that Travis Kelsey posted he's like Max for stappin refractor he's like cheese fans don't Explicit put Put a jersey on the Rocky statue. Yeah, right Honestly, don't put an 87 if you refractor Mataya bonotto for Ferrari. I got just looks like you'd be the principal Ferrari Probably is no he is like he Just looks like like if you were like, oh, yeah, they have principles in F1 and they're in Ferrari's team That's exactly what I think the guy would look like really with the suit and everything Esabon oakham Did they get rid of them? Oh He's not anymore. There's Charles Lecler refractor for Ferrari. They've parted ways. Oh, no Danny Ricardo refractor for McLaren Gunther Steiner and gold wave is Kevin Magnuson. Nice one there for Hawes 47 out of 50 there's Callan Williams F2 Triton pure ghastly I didn't even read your order note. Let's make up for yesterday. Happy birthday Donathan That would be you Danny Ricardo mini diamonds number two two ninety nine Yeah, I like that photo on the Magnus and that's pretty cool Sergio Perez speed demons Purple checker Max Verstappen to one ninety nine last pack auto after this one. Let's see it. Let's see it These auto Verstappen auto super. Oh, wow. There was actually an auto Marcus Armstrong and Green Marino Sato F2 Virtuosi 57 out of 99. I feel like I pulled you a green Sato auto as well Nice one there. There you go Kyle Congrats on that buddy That'll do it for your break out. Appreciate it as always man. We'll get those right out to you man