CHAPTERS 18-21 CHAPTER 18 After offering this prayer Jesus went out with his disciples to a place on the further side of the ravine of the cedars, where there was a garden which he entered, himself and his disciples. Now Judas also, who at that very time was betraying him, knew the place, for Jesus had often resorted there with his disciples. So Judas, followed by the battalion and by a detachment of the temple police, sent by the high priests and Pharisees, came there with torches and lamps and weapons. Jesus therefore, knowing all that was about to befall him, went out to meet them. Who are you looking for? he asked them. For Jesus the Nazarene! was the answer. I am he, he replied. Now Judas, who was betraying him, was also standing with them. As soon then as he said to them, I am he, they went backwards and fell to the ground. Again therefore he asked them, Who are you looking for? For Jesus the Nazarene! they said. I have told you, replied Jesus, that I am he. If therefore you are looking for me, let these my disciples go their way. He made this request in order that the words he had spoken might be fulfilled. As for those whom thou hast given me, I have not lost one. Simon Peter, however, having a sword, drew it, and aiming it at the high priest's servant, cut off his right ear. The servant's name was Malchus. Jesus therefore said to Peter, Put back your sword! Shall I refuse to drink the cup of sorrow which the Father has given me to drink? So the battalion and their tribune and the Jewish police closed in, and took Jesus and bound him. They then brought him to Annas first, for Annas was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. It was this Caiaphas who had advised the Jews, saying, It is to your interest that one man should die for the people! Meanwhile Simon Peter was following Jesus, and so also was another disciple. The latter was known to the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the court of the high priest's palace. But Peter remained standing outside the door till the disciple who was acquainted with the high priest came out and induced the fortress to let Peter in. This led the girl, the fortress, to ask Peter, Are you also one of this man's disciples? No, I am not! he replied. Now because it was cold, the servants and the police had lighted a charcoal fire and were standing and warming themselves, and Peter too remained with them, standing and warming himself. So the high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and his teaching. As for me, replied Jesus, I have spoken openly to the world, I have continually taught in some synagogue or in the temple where all the Jews are wont to assemble, and I have said nothing in secret. Why do you question me? Question those who heard what it was I said to them. These witnesses here know what I said. Upon his saying this, one of the officers standing by struck him with his open hand, asking him as he did so, Is that the way you answer the high priest? If I have spoken wrongly, replied Jesus, Bear witness to it as wrong, but if rightly, why that blow? So Anas sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest, but Simon Peter remained standing and warming himself, and this led to their asking him, Are you also one of his disciples? He denied it and said, No, I am not! One of the high priest's servants, a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off, said, Did I not see you in the garden with him?  So they brought Jesus from Caiaphas's house to the Praetorium. It was the early morning, and they would not enter the Praetorium themselves, for fear of defilement, and in order that they might be able to eat the Passover. Accordingly Pilate came out to them and inquired, What accusation have you to bring against this man? If the man were not a criminal, they replied, We would not have handed him over to you. Take him yourselves, said Pilate, and judge him by your law. We have no power, replied the Jews, to put any man to death. They said this that the words might be fulfilled in which Jesus predicted the kind of death he was to die. By entering the Praetorium, therefore, Pilate called Jesus and asked him, Are you the king of the Jews? Do you say this of yourself, or have others told it to you about me? replied Jesus. Am I a Jew? exclaimed Pilate. It is your own nation and the high priest's who have handed you over to me. What have you done? My kingdom, replied Jesus, does not belong to this world. If my kingdom did belong to this world, my subjects would have resolutely fought to save me from being delivered up to the Jews. But as a matter of fact, my kingdom has not this origin.  Yes, said Jesus, you say truly that I am a king, for this purpose I was born, and for this purpose I have come into the world to give testimony for the truth. One who is a friend of the truth listens to my voice. What is truth? said Pilate. But no sooner had he spoken the words than he went out again to the Jews and told them, I find no crime in him, but you have accustomed that I should release one prisoner to you at the Passover. So shall I release to you the king of the Jews? With a roar of voices they again cried out, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas! Now Barabbas was a robber. Chapter 19 Then Pilate took Jesus and scourged him, and the soldiers, twisting twigs of thorn into a wreath, put it on his head and threw round him a crimson cloak. Then they began to march up to him, saying in a mocking voice, Hell, king of the Jews! And they struck him with the palms of their hands. Once more Pilate came out and said to the Jews, See, I am bringing him out to you to let you clearly understand that I find no crime in him. So Jesus came out, wearing the wreath of thorns and the crimson cloak, and Pilate said to them, See, there is the man. As soon then as the high priests and the officers saw him, they shouted, To the cross! To the cross! Take him yourselves and crucify him, said Pilate, for I at any rate find no crime in him. We, replied the Jews, have a law, and in accordance with that law he ought to die for having claimed to be the Son of God. More alarmed than ever, Pilate no sooner heard these words than he re-entered the Praetorium and began to question Jesus. What is your origin? He asked. But Jesus gave no answer. Do you refuse to speak even to me? Asked Pilate. Do you not know that I have it in my power either to release you or to crucify you? You would have had no power whatever over me, replied Jesus. Had it not been granted you from above. On that account, he who has delivered me up to you is more guilty than you are. Upon receiving this answer Pilate was for releasing him, but the Jews kept shouting, If you release this man, you are no friend of Caesar's. Everyone who sets himself up as king declares himself a rebel against Caesar. On hearing this Pilate brought Jesus out and sat down on the judge's seat in a place called the Pavement or in Hebrew, Gabbathah. It was the day of preparation for the Passover, about six o'clock in the morning. Then he said to the Jews, There is your king! This caused a storm of outcries, Away with him, away with him! Crucify him! Am I to crucify your king? Pilate asked. We have no king except Caesar! answered the high priests. Then Pilate gave him up to them, to be crucified. Accordingly they took Jesus, and he went out carrying his own cross to the place called Skol Place or in Hebrew, Golgathah, where they nailed him to a cross and two others at the same time, one on each side and Jesus in the middle. Then Pilate wrote a notice and had it fastened to the top of the cross. It ran thus, Jesus the Nazarene, the king of the Jews. Many of the Jews read this notice, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the notice was in three languages, Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. This led the Jewish high priests to remonstrate with Pilate. You should not write, the king of the Jews, they said, but that he claimed to be king of the Jews. What I have written, I have written, was Pilate's answer. So the soldiers, as soon as they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, including his tunic, and divided them into four parts, one part for each soldier. The tunic was without seam, woven from the top in one place. So they said to one another, do not let us tear it, let us draw lots for it. This happened, that the scripture might be fulfilled, which says, they shared my garments among them, and drew lots for my clothing. That was just what the soldiers did. Now standing close to the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother's sister, Mary, the wife of Clopus, and Mary of Magdala. So Jesus, seeing his mother, and seeing the disciple whom he loved standing near, said to his mother, Behold, your son! Then he said to the disciple, Behold, your mother! And from that time the disciple received her into his own home. After this, Jesus, knowing that everything was now brought to an end, said that the scripture might be fulfilled, I am thirsty. There was a jar of wine standing there. With this wine they filled a sponge, put it on the end of a stalk of hyssop, and lifted it to his mouth. As soon as Jesus had taken the wine, he said, Is finished! And then, bowing his head, he yielded up his spirit. Meanwhile, the Jews, because it was the day of preparation for the Passover, and in order that the bodies might not remain on the crosses during the Sabbath, for that Sabbath was one of special solemnity, requested Pilate to have the legs of the dying men broken and the bodies removed. Accordingly the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first man, and also of the other who had been crucified with Jesus. Then they came to Jesus himself, but when they saw that he was already dead, they refrained from breaking his legs. One of the soldiers, however, made a thrust at his side with a lance, and immediately blood and water flowed out. This statement is the testimony of an eyewitness, and it is true. He knows that he is telling the truth, in order that you also may believe. For all this took place that the scripture might be fulfilled, which declares, Not one of his bones shall be broken.  After this Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus, but for fear of the Jews a secret disciple, asked Pilate's permission to carry away the body of Jesus, and Pilate gave him leave, so he came and removed the body. Nicodemus too, he who at first had visited Jesus by night, came bringing a mixture of myrrh and allows in weight about seventy or eighty pounds. Coming down the body, they wrapped it in linen cloths along with the spices, in accordance with the Jewish mode of preparing for burial. There was a garden at the place where Jesus had been crucified, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been buried. Therefore, because it was the day of preparation for the Jewish Passover, and the tomb was close at hand, they put Jesus there. CHAPTER XX. On the first day of the week, very early while it was still dark, Mary of Magdala came to the tomb and saw that the stone had been removed from it. So she ran as fast as she could to find Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one who was dear to Jesus, and to tell them, They have taken the master out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have put him. Peter and the other disciple started at once to go to the tomb, both of them running, but the other disciple ran faster than Peter and reached it before he did. Stooping and looking in, he saw the linen cloths lying there on the ground, but he did not go in. Simon Peter, however, also came following him and entered the tomb. There on the ground he saw the cloths and the towel which had been placed over the face of Jesus, not lying with the cloths, but folded up and put by itself. Then the other disciple, who had been the first to come to the tomb, also went in and saw and was convinced, for until now they had not understood the inspired teaching that he must rise again from among the dead. Then they went away and returned home. Meanwhile Mary remained standing near the tomb, weeping aloud. She did not enter the tomb, but as she wept she stooped and looked in, and saw two angels clothed in white raiment sitting one at the head and one at the feet where the body of Jesus had been. They spoke to her. Why are you weeping? they asked. Because, she replied, they have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have put him. While she was still speaking she turned round and saw Jesus standing there, but did not recognize him. Why are you weeping? he asked. Who are you looking for? She, supposing that he was the gardener, replied, Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have put him and I will remove him. Mary said Jesus. She turned to him. Rabbona! She cried in Hebrew. The word means teacher. Do not cling to me, said Jesus, for I have not yet ascended to the Father. But take this message to my brethren. I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God. Mary of Magdala came and brought word to the disciples. I have seen the Master! She said, and she told them that he had said these things to her. On that same first day of the week, when it was evening and for fear of the Jews, the doors of the house where the disciples were were locked, Jesus came and stood in their midst and said to them, Peace be to you! Having said this, he showed them his hands and also his side, and the disciples were filled with joy at seeing the Master. A second time, therefore, he said to them, Peace be to you! As the Father sent me, I also now send you. Having said this, he breathed upon them and said, Receive the Holy Spirit. If you remit the sins of any persons, they remain remitted to them. If you bind fast the sins of any, they remain bound. Thomas, one of the twelve, surnamed the Twin, was not among them when Jesus came. So the rest of the disciples told him, We have seen the Master! His reply was, Unless I see in his hands the wound made by the nails and put my finger into the wound and put my hand into his side, I will never believe it. A week later the disciples were again in the house and Thomas was with them when Jesus came, though the doors were locked and stood in their midst and said, Peace be to you! Then he said to Thomas, Bring your finger here and fill my hands. Bring your hand and put it into my side, and do not be ready to disbelieve, but to believe, My Lord and my God! Because you have seen me, replied Jesus, you have believed, Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed. There were also a great number of other signs which Jesus performed in the presence of the disciples which are not recorded in this book, but these have been recorded in order that you may believe that he is the Christ, the Son of God and that through believing you may have life through his name. CHAPTER XXI After this Jesus again showed himself to the disciples, it was at the lake of Tiberius, the circumstances were as follows. Simon Peter was with Thomas, called the Twin, Nathaniel of Cana in Galilee, the Sons of Zabdi, and two others of the master's disciples. Simon Peter said to them, I am going fishing! We will go too, said they, so they set out and went on board their boat, but they caught nothing that night. When however day was now dawning, Jesus stood on the beach, though the disciples did not know that it was Jesus. He called to them. Run, he said. Have you any food there? No, they answered. Throw the net in on the right hand side, he said, and you will find fish. So they threw the net in, and now they could scarcely drag it along for the quantity of fish. This made the disciple whom Jesus loved say to Peter, it is the master. And Peter therefore, when he heard the words, it is the master, drew on his fisherman's shirt, for he had not been wearing it, put on his girdle, and sprang into the water.  As soon as they landed they saw a charcoal fire burning there, with fish broiling on it, and bread close by. Jesus told them to fetch some of the fish which they had just caught. So Simon Peter went on board the boat, and drew the net ashore full of large fish, one hundred fifty-three in number, and yet, although there were so many, the net had not broken. Come this way and have breakfast, said Jesus, but not one of the disciples ventured to question him as to who he was, for they felt sure that it was the master. Then Jesus came and took the bread and gave them some, and the fish in the same way. This was now the third occasion on which Jesus showed himself to the disciples after he had risen from among the dead. When they had finished breakfast, Jesus asked Simon Peter, Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these others do? Yes, master, was his answer. You know that you are dear to me. Then feed my lambs, replied Jesus. Again a second time he asked him, Simon, son of John, do you love me? Yes, master, he said, you know that you are dear to me. Then be a shepherd to my sheep, he said. A third time Jesus put the question, Simon, son of John, am I dear to you? It grieved Peter that Jesus asked him the third time, am I dear to you? Master, he replied, you know everything. You can see that you are dear to me? Then feed my much-loved sheep, said Jesus. In most solemn truth I tell you that whereas when you were young you used to put on your girdle and walk whichever way you chose. When you have grown old you will stretch out your arms and someone else will put a girdle round you and carry you where you have no wish to go. This he said to indicate the kind of death by which that disciple would bring glory to God. And after speaking thus he said to him, follow me. Peter turned round and noticed the disciple whom Jesus loved following, the one who at the supper had leaned back on his breast and had asked, Master, who is it that is betraying you? On seeing him Peter asked Jesus, and Master, what about him? If I desire him to remain till I come, replied Jesus. What concern is that of yours? You yourself must follow me. Hence the report spread among the brethren that that disciple would never die. Yet Jesus did not say, he is not to die, but, if I desire him to remain till I come, what concern is that of yours? That is the disciple who gives his testimony as to these matters and has written this history, and we know that his testimony is true. But there are also many other things which Jesus did so vast a number indeed that if they were all described in detail, I suppose that the world itself could not contain the books that would have to be written. Amen. The end of chapters 18 through 21 and the end of the Gospel according to John from the New Testament in modern speech translated by Richard Francis Weymouth. Recording by Mark Penfold


The best part of waking up is Corbin not being there. Not being there. What?  I'm not. Thank God. And you can follow us on Instagram, Twitter, for more juicy content. So juicy. We can develop a notification squad. There it goes. I don't know about you, but I'm planning to have at least two or three Baal movements. Gross. Today it's Bombay mashup, a flute cover by Sruti Balamurali, a Roman flute cover of a Romancer's classic piece from the movie Bombay performed by Sruti Balamurali. It's fantastic. Cool. So if you haven't seen our review of Bombay, go check that out. We enjoyed that film. We did. It was a really good, probably a favorite Monty Rottenham film, huh? Yeah, probably. Yeah. Overall so far? So far. Overall so far. And what a shock, good music by Air Ramon. Yeah, he's done a few. So we've seen a couple of really good flute covers too. So I don't know who this, I don't know if she's a really famous flute player. I don't know if she's just an individual. Yeah. I have no idea. But I'm sure it'll be pretty. Here we go. Let's go. Good quality video from Bombay. I recognize the song. No, it wasn't. Yeah. That's more like the main remembering theme, I think, from Bombay, but I do remember that. Yeah, that was just, that took me to like a meditative, almost like that place in between sleep and awakening. I was just like in a zone listening to that. Oh, the flute is obviously a very soothing instrument, but she played it so beautifully. It's Shruti Balmurali. Absolutely. Pretty much flawless, floutist right there. Don't you have a friend who is a floutist? Pedro. Yeah, he's a floutist. He plays pretty much anything you can, anything that you can blow air into and make noise into and make noise with he does and he's made over 200 other instruments of his own that are wind instruments so can you play the skin flute wow did this really yeah you just kind of took me from that zone I was talking about meditative in between sleep and awakeness to toilet no quick just drop straight into the toilet I do that yeah I have that effect on people let us tell one other beautiful videos of hers or other that we can react to and of course anything anyone has ever done down below


News from other parts of Africa, the man charged by President Caius Said with rewriting Tunisia's constitution said it would present a draft strip of any reference to Islam in order to fight Islamist parties. The first article of the constitution adopted three years after North African countries 2011 revolution says it's a free independent and sovereign state. Islam is its religion in Arabic is its language but Sadiq Beliad, the legal expert appointed last month to head a committee to draft a new constitution told reporters that 80% of Tunisians are against extremism and against the use of religion for political ends.


Plaque psoriasis profoundly affects patients' quality of life, underscoring the need for timely and effective treatments. Although several biologics are available to treat psoriasis, determining the best treatment option is difficult as head-to-head comparisons of biologics are rare. To address that gap, researchers analyzed studies involving adults with moderate to severe psoriasis treated with the inhibitors of IL-17, IL-12-23, IL-23, or tumor necrosis factor. 34 phase 3 double-blind randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis, which represented 11 biologics approved for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis in adults. This study focused on response rates in the first 12 weeks of treatment because rapid skin clearance and quality of life improvement are important patient preferences in biologic treatment. Outcome measures included improvements of at least 75, 90, and 100% in the psoriasis area and severity index, or PASI, at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, and a score of 0 to 1 on the Dermatology Life Quality Index, or DLQI, at week 12, indicating no impact of psoriasis on quality of life. A Bayesian network meta-analysis enabled inclusion of head-to-head and placebo-controlled studies. That allowed for direct and indirect comparisons of treatment effects between populations and across many interventions. The average response to each treatment was calculated versus placebo and represented as a Himalayan plot. On a Himalayan plot, drugs with the greatest estimated treatment effect lie farthest along the X-axis. High narrow curves indicate a high degree of certainty, whereas short wide curves indicate less certainty. For example, curve A represents a drug with a high certainty of an estimated low treatment effect. Compared with all other biologics, Ixochismab and Brodellumab showed more rapid treatment effects on Pasi-75 response rates over weeks 2, 4, and 8. At week 12, Ixochismab and Risenkismab had the most rapid treatment effects, with some overlap with other biologics. Similarly, Ixochismab and Brodellumab showed more rapid treatment effects on Pasi-90 response rates over weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12, resulting in the highest Pasi-90 response rates. Similar trends were observed in Pasi-100 response rates. Regarding quality of life, treatment effect on DLQI scores was greatest for Ixochismab, Brodellumab, and Sekikiniamab at week 12 with some overlap between these treatments. Notable limitations of this NMA study should be noted, including reliance on both direct and indirect comparisons, potential trial heterogeneity, imputation methods for missing data, exclusions of other important endpoints, and other notable limitations. Overall these findings suggest that Ixochismab and Brodellumab could provide the most rapid skin clearance and quality of life improvements versus other biologics for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, including Sekikiniamab, an IL-17 antagonist, and inhibitors of IL-1223, IL-23, or TNF pathways. That's important because rapid skin improvements and feeling noticeably better quickly are critical to psoriasis therapy and rank among the highest priorities for patients. Fast effects are also tied to longer term outcomes, including skin improvement, quality of life, and reduction in itch. And considering individual patient needs along with physician goals may help improve adherence to and satisfaction with therapy for plaque psoriasis.


All right. Good morning. Hello, everybody. My name is Andrew Martin, and I want to talk to you about supply chain security in containerized systems. I also have Mike Kaczowski from Google to thank because we have been working on this together. We will present it later together, but you couldn't be in Berlin today. So I'm a founder at Control Plane, which is continuous infrastructure security and dev sec ops flavored things for containers and Kubernetes, and I've done a little bit of everything from development, database administration, pen testing, architecting, and I want to talk about supply chain security and how we can lock down things that we may not know about. So what is a supply chain? It's anything that we depend upon. So for example, in a military situation, every piece of hardware and software has to be tested against the person who built them to protect against, for example, nation state attacks. Pharmaceutical companies, likewise, need to know where every, need to know the provenance of every part of their supply chain because people are ingesting these things, and of course, kittens need their next treats. The supply chain for these kittens isn't just the hand that feeds them, but it's also the distributors of the frisky bits, the warehouse they were in before home delivery, the manufacturers, the farmers that raised the chickens, the food that those chickens were fed, so supply chains can be really long and really difficult to track. And when there are no guarantees that the upstream supply chain is competent, tracking where things came from becomes even more important, especially if we're feeding the emperor's cats. So how does this relate to software? This is grossly oversimplified, of course, but ultimately, it's any code that ends up running in production and with modern development and deployment processes, of course, with CI and CD pipelines in the middle. Software supply chains can be exploited, so bugs in libraries, the applications depend upon, for example, Equifax and Struts, deliberate vulnerabilities snuck into popular dependencies, either in the source code or compromising the hosting service or the infrastructure provider, or perhaps a compromised download, a man in the middle attack or typo squatting, which is especially popular now. It's when, for example, a library which is hyphenated is then reuploaded without the hyphen, so there are two parallel versions, people can happily resolve that dependency, it's got exactly the same code, and once it's got 100,000 downloads a day, they add some code which, for example, captures the environment and posts it off to a remote endpoint.  So when we talk about supply chain security, we're talking about protecting against all of these. Equifax hack was the exploit of a vulnerable Struts library, of course, and compounded by perimeter-focused network policy that's allowed database access and subsequent exfiltration. We have also discovered recently that they had a TLS intercepting middleware box, or middlebox, rather, that had an expired TLS certificate and failed open by default. So they were doing deep packet inspection on all their database traffic, but the hardware failed open by default because of an expired certificate. Marvelous. So yeah, detecting vulnerable Struts libraries, however, would have mitigated against that in some ways. Just through scanning dependencies, these published CVEs, they were well-known. And then malicious but legitimately signed version of C-Cleaner, which is a Windows cleanup tool, was delivered to users via the official download servers sometime in 2017. The signing keys could have been compromised at multiple points in the pipeline. And a similar attack happened with Kingslayer, a signed but malicious binary was distributors. So a compromise in the weakest link is game over for users. Point solutions are not enough. TPM, get signing, binary signing, network encryption and reproducible builds are examples of point solutions. Signing needs PKI and roles. Reproducible builds assume trusted inputs. Binary signing, we still have key management problems. And an untrusted artifact deployed despite best efforts in the pipeline is, again, potential game over. So compliance is still a problem. And how can we make sure that all actions were actually performed by the right party on the right artifacts and they also produced the right results? So as we know, VMs don't offer the same portability as containers. They tend more to manual adjustment of in-place monolithic apps with configuration management. Containers make things a lot easier because of the dream of immutability. We're essentially running in production the same artifacts as we're building on our local machines, with the exception of course, so we're probably running a different kernel version. The networking is probably slightly different. And our configuration is also slightly different. But those things aside, we have a lot more homogeneity than we have ever had in time. Containers are meant to be immutable, they're meant to be frequently redeployed, but what isn't solved? Dependences, process execution at runtime, for example, also mounting hosts, parts in from the host, which is breaking out of the mount namespace, for example, certificate bundles, and the configuration of the file systems that we bundle inside the container images. So these are the theoretical stages of the pipeline. Unfortunately, security needs to be baked in, as we know, the shift left mentality suggests that we bake it in as early as possible. So what can we do at the stages of the pipeline? Start off with controlled base images, any external images, for example, things that come from the Docker hub, should be pulled, re-tagged, pushed into a local registry where they can be subject to your organization's internal compliance requirements, they can be scanned to CVEs on a regular basis, and we're not just essentially piping to bash, which is just what pulling from the Docker registry can be. Tags on image tags, image tags in the same way that git tags reference an immutable content hash of the Merkle tree, it's exactly the same for Docker image tags, the latest tag is mutable, can be changed, is not guaranteed to be pointing to anything at any given point in time. Hashes are secure, tags are transitory, and a possible risk. Of course, we need to statically analyze codes in IDE, ideally, and at this point we should be analyzing our dependencies, so this includes pulling down feeds from popular package managers like NPM, all the major programming languages have one, and ensuring that when teams are checking those for vulnerabilities and marking them as insecure in the same way that will be done for operating system packages, we actually pay attention and we upgrade those libraries. Once again, we can denormalize them into a local cache, like Artifactory or Nexus, and apply our controls within the boundaries of our organization, so not quite the same as parameter security, but rather control of dependencies. Then we want hermetic builds. This is about, again, not pulling directly from the internet, it also means no inter-build data leakage. For example, Jenkins build slaves sharing a single docker socket are giving access to all of the other build images and all of the other layers of those images that have been built, so even if one adds a secret in a layer and then squashes the final layer, there is still evidence of that secret lying in part of the UnionFS file system on disk. Of course, again, we're caching these build dependencies, pinning versions for deterministic builds is somewhat divisive because. First of all, most repositories will remove the previous version when they upgrade it to something else. It depends on which package manager you're using, but generally this means that if a version of a dependency is updated, then our builds will just break. Now, arguably, that's better because we're taking an upgrade path that we know about. On the other hand, we can trust sem-verse to some extent and there is a limit to the amount of effort that it is worth investing in these things in order to actually know the upgrade of, for example, core utils. Maybe we care about that because we've got a really heavy, batch-dependent application and they've changed the output of LS to include slashes as caused quite a ruckus a couple of years ago, but do we really care about that? So deterministic builds with containers is a question of, I think, organizational capability to actually go and individually upgrade things manually. Of course, we would be remiss not to mention bash safe mode at this point in time. It's all very well having these builds, having everything wired together in build chains, but of course, if we're running bash without exit on our without set pipe file, then we are at risk of running untested code paths. And of course, rootless builds. Docker has been heavily criticized over the years for running a root demon, which means the breakouts and code execution in the demon's context is executing on the host as roots. Rootless builds are a halfway house towards this. They mean that privilege is not required to build containers. Now, this has been really hampered by the fact that user namespaces are not really up to snuff. However, there is a new breed of tools from, in this case, Susan, Jeff Fras, and Red Hat and Google, that all more or less do the same thing, which is remove the requirement for root to build Docker images. Although the class of build time attacks that they're mitigating against are more best practice than in the wild right now. So where are we? Application image scans. We should be ensuring that we're not shipping CVs to production, of course. This is for operating system components, installed binaries and jars, tarbles, in some cases, many more things. Policy, we care about discretionary access controls. There's no point shipping these very secure images if we use set user on binaries because that is a classic old school path to explore privilege and security. We should not be shipping any secrets in code, everything should be immutable, open to scrutiny, and we inject our configuration in the classic 12-factor style, he says, without using environment variables, of course, because environment variables leak on the host, so an environment variable as Kubernetes does it, pointing to a file that you can then resolve dynamically. All this really is about making it easy for developers to do the right thing by not allowing them to use the foot guns and putting this compliance into the pipeline, making sure they have clear, obvious, deterministic error messages and allowing to remediate these things fairly easily. This is also a classic case of many heads doing different things. If your organization can centralize these sort of things, then it saves them being re-implemented on a per-project basis, of course. We are now at deployment stage. We have followed all this best practice and we've got a container that we want to push into production. If we do not use admission controllers to validate all the previous steps, and because we have the immutability of this image, we can tag metadata to it and use it at admission time to the cluster to validate that all our previous steps not only have been passed but have not been circumvented, that a malicious user with access to the Kubernetes API is not able to deploy arbitrary attack code, they would have to, one of the things that can be done here is to ensure every image comes from a registry that is defined inside the cluster. My registry.controlplane.io and what I do there is then as an attacker with access to the API, I would try and run something from the Docker Hub, for example. There's a very simple static analysis pod admission time and says you've got the wrong registry prefix or FQDN, you're not coming in. We're going to more detail on that later and finally run time configuration. It's all very well to configure these images very safely, but the major difference between a virtual machine and a Docker container is that it is so easy to undo all of the security on a Docker container. You run unconfined without set comp, without app armor, you mount all the host devices into the container, there's zero security there and it's probably the worst named flag in the history of computing. Right, so with all these things in line, we've got a theoretical nice promotion to production from the developer's machine, but we need to enforce all this governance and ultimately we have a very different security model from VMs. With containers, we have a single enforcement point when the images are deployed and we can control exactly what's in the infrastructure. Again, this content addressability and beautiful containers. This means that we can scan an image once, deploy it to production and constantly scan the same version that we have offline in a non-production environment, knowing that if a zero day is suddenly announced, we can scan what is essentially a hashed binary identical container to what is deployed in production and we don't have to reach into our production environment with those particular tests. So, of course, containers are also layer-based, which means vulnerabilities can hide in layers that are not in the merged Union of Fest top read-write layer that the container actually runs from. This is a question that different container scanning tools deal with differently. Some will scan every layer, some just scan the surface, the top layer. So, onto the actual pipeline. At this point, I would like to heavily caveat the rest of the talk by saying a lot of this tooling is either in development or yet to be proven out at any serious scale. However, in typical form, some of this stuff comes from inside Google where, as they did with Kubernetes and Istio and various other projects, they're open sourcing something that they're using as part of their internal process. So, caveats, this is not all production ready. A slight double caveat. It is being used as an appeal to authority instead. There we go. So, you write your codes, you know your dependencies, secure to reviewed, we've built ourselves, hermetically produced builds, we've scanned our images, we've enforced specific requirements at deployment time and then when something changes, we rebuild and redeploy the image to fix the issue, starting all the way from the beginning. Everything promoted through a pipeline, classic continuous integration. So, these are the tools that are playing in these spaces. There are commercial versions of some of these. We've gone for the open source ones here. Obviously, there are compromises made. Open source versions are generally slightly less fully featured. And we'll go through all of these in some detail. So, of course, we know about Docker, we know about the base image, we won't go into any detail there. And we'll start with the update framework and notary. So, the update framework is a secure distribution mechanism. It's been re-implemented in various different forms. Ultimately, it features offline root keys and the kind of global trusted root store style. It has ephemeral keys to prevent temporal replay attacks. And the idea is that it's built to resist compromise. It's used right now in a few different implementations, one of which is secure updates for automotive code. And it has been deployed as notary by Docker. So, Docker worked with the guy who authored this spec and built an implementation called notary. So, notary signs and validates images. So, through signed collections, it supports software to have relations where versions are dependent upon other versions with survivable key compromise and signing delegation. And best practice, of course, is to store the master key offline. This is very similar to GPG. And transparent key rotation is another feature. It's kind of an interesting one because I think if your organization is breached, perhaps you should admit that publicly. So, let's keep on going. This is broadly how the update framework works. It's there for completeness. But notary flow here, essentially what we're doing is we're putting a notary server inside the trusted registry. And then we are using that to validate that the keys, that the signing, the signed key that we have is the correct one when we use that image. This can be enabled with content trust on the environment variable and command line. At this point, we are ready to scan images. Now, as I said, different things are done in different ways by different tools. Some will just scan installed operating system package manager versions. Other will check file system permissions for all entities. They'll look at application library, package manifest, jars, rows, tasks, manually installed binaries, malware, rootkits, backdoors, file system profiteers, extended attributes, exposed ports, commands and entry points and secrets. But it is a mix depending on what tool you use. As I said before, this is an image divided by layer. What we actually see at the top is the thin read-write layer that then transparently presents all the other layers. Different tools do things in different ways, of course. Clare is now from the Red Hat into the Red Hat family and is due to be under some more active development. Having been stagnated for a little while, Aqua Microscanner performs a subset of their enterprise feature set and ANCOR as well have an open source version with an enterprise upsell. Enterprise scanners do a whole lot more. So Twistlock, Aqua, both add intrusion detection and a host of policy and compliance features. Really, it depends upon your organization's security posture. I would argue that IDS is always relevant as part of a defense and depth strategy. But this is the most important point. We should never be pushing CVEs to production because ScriptKid is a lot of CVEs that are published to exploits. Metasploits is all too easy. There we go. So pipeline metadata. I spoke about this earlier with enforcement at admission control time, but this is ultimately saying we can take all of this information that's produced in the pipeline and use it for policy decisions later. Now, Graphius is the external realization of Google's internal binary authorization tooling. That is binary as in a binary, not as in Boolean. So an open source project that already governs the software supply chain, which is essentially a structured metadata API. It's kind of on rails. They guide you in a certain direction. And broadly, what we can do here is we can use our image scanning tools and we can create metadata, which we then submit to Graphius, and we have a holistic view of all of our containers. We, I mean, broadly, I could go on for a bit longer about this, but I'll leave these in the slides for posterity. It's kind of how Graphius works. And here is broadly, excuse me, a process flow. Again, I won't go into too much detail because there's not quite enough time. And yes, of course, it's on rails. There are some, it's been some internal flux, but it's still moving in the right direction. There is a lot of action on the repository right now. However, you cannot chain together assertions to insert, sorry, to assert the integrity of the whole supply chain, at least not with cryptographic certainty, introducing in Toto. So this is from the same place, which is the New York cybersecurity lab, that notary came from, that the in Tuft, sorry, that the Tuft spec came from. And full disclosure, we are sponsoring this guy's PhD to develop the software. I believe in this very strongly. Essentially, it is the signing of arbitrary events. So you have some inputs, an event occurs, and you have a product. Everything then is signed with GPG keys. Those are backed off under individual identity. Instead of running PKI, a control plane loves key base, and we back off onto that instead. And this is essentially validating everything from the user's git commit through each stage of the build chain. Each stage is then signed, so we know we can trace it back all the way to the user who's been using a Yubi key, of course, so they've got hardened devices against compromise. And then we get all the way to deployment time, and we're able to revalidate each individual step cryptographically to be sure that what we think we're doing is actually the case. So this protects against things to the level of malicious internal actors, which is really an insane security boundary to even be talking about because it's a very difficult thing to protect. So we have these individuals there to find the metadata layouts, and yeah, there's again more information in these slides than I have time to go through, but yeah, we're super excited about these tools. They're very powerful. As I say, they're still nascent, they're still under development. This is a glimpse of what we think and hope the future will look like, rather than necessarily what exactly can be done today. And yeah, I will still just leave these because I've got a couple more things to get through. In total, in Graphius, it looks like going to merge because Graphius doesn't care about the security and verifiability of what it does. It cares more about the metadata that it collects. So the two projects will have an own holy union perhaps at some point soon. This is the in-toto flow, and as you can see here, we've backed everything off with an admission control webhook in Kubernetes. So at deployment time, we're able to verify what we've been doing at build time. And finally, on to admission control. This is the API server's ultimate test phase. API server receives a call, an HTTP call because Kubelet is just doing HTTP. Some of the calls upgrade to WebSockets, like exec, but generally we'll just call HTTP. We make sure that users who we are, we apply our back to ensure that they can do what they're trying to do, and then we run these webhooks. Mutating webhook will take a pod input and maybe a ladder service count, maybe it will remove something that it doesn't like, and then we validate the schema, and finally we validate the admission itself. This is the point that we can apply policy because we are able to perform what is essentially static analysis on the YAML. And then once we've analyzed it and said, for example, so pod security policy is a validating admission controller, so we can extend that to say, well, let's extract just the image name and because that's immutable and because we've got a tag, let's then go and check that against, for example, our vulnerability database, let's make sure that things have been scanned, let's check it against Graphius to make sure that it hasn't got any critical CVEs and of course that response from Graphius will change with every new CVE that's released. That may be deployed in an image so you might be able to apply version X of your image one day and then the next day because there's been a CVE released, exactly the same deployment will not work and you'll have to go back to the beginning of your pipeline. Ideally, you wouldn't find out at this point, of course, and you'd be scanning constantly earlier on. Critis is the admission controller for Graphius and again, it is still only, it only works with Google's internal metadata API right now but it is, again, rapidly being open sourced and Portieris is from some of the guys at IBM which is an admission controller for Notary. Now, this only supports a small subset of the total hubs, let's say, because people can run privately. The PR for using private registers landed last week. So this is rapidly again gaining maturity in summary, it's really easy to get these things wrong and it's really easy to get anything wrong in the whole supply chain. That guy escaped with his life happily. These are the tools that we think will be of use over the next probably three to nine months as they mature and with that, thank you very much for your time.


Okay, welcome everybody to Mises Circle being held in Seattle this year. My name is Noah Bond. I am a local Seattleite and recent alumnus of Mises University 2015. Yeah, thanks. So for anybody not familiar, Mises University is an event that's put on by the Mises Institute every summer in Auburn, Alabama. And it was an awesome experience for me for a couple reasons. The first one is that it was a chance to meet and interact with people who have been personally influential to my own worldview and the way I see things. In spring of 2015, I was writing a research paper on business cycles and citing articles written by Dr. Block and Dr. Garrison. And then in summer 2015, I was eating lunch with Dr. Garrison and talking to Dr. Block about the current epidemic of cultural appropriation. So it was pretty cool to be able to make that connection. The second reason that it was a cool experience for me was because it was the first time I got to spend a week with that larger group of like-minded peers. When I arrived at the dorms in Auburn, there was about 10 of us standing around. And even at that point, it was the largest gathering of libertarian students I'd ever been a part of. So to spend a whole week with 150 of them, just kind of the chemistry that comes out of that was a really neat experience. So I won't belabor this next point because I think everyone here is familiar with how great a resource the Internet is and how it connects us all and enables us to spread ideas. And I think a lot of people are probably here because the Mises Institute has been so effective at spreading their ideas online and in the digital world. But there really is no substitute for that personal connection. So that's what was so cool about the Mises Institute and I think that's what's so cool about having the Mises Institute here in Seattle. So I think we're really lucky to have all these people come from so far away to spend today with us. So without further ado, why don't we get to some introductions. Our first speaker today is probably known to a lot of people for his organizational work, first as Ron Paul's Chief of Staff and then currently as the President of the Mises Institute. But he's also a very astute observer of society, a libertarian thinker and strategist. And I always look forward to hearing what he has to say. So why don't you join me in welcoming Jeff Deist. Thank you. Thank you very much, Noah, for that. And welcome, everyone. We have about 340 people here today. I'm told from about 16 or 17 states, including some lucky soul from Estonia is here as well. And I'm being friendly, folks. We have a smattering of Canadians invited as well. So, you know, it's interesting. We were walking around last night in downtown here by the waterfront and saw a lot of Bernie shirts. And we were talking about that at dinner last night. And it really is a tragedy, isn't it, that the word liberalism has been so corrupted because I really think that the real liberals and the real progressives in Seattle are right in this room today. So thank you so much for coming. So we're here to talk today about economic myths and it's a goldmine of a subject. If there's one overriding economic myth that seems to plague us every election cycle, every election year it is, it's the notion that society can do collectively what we can't do individually, namely get rich by living today at the expense of tomorrow. This is really the doctrine of the political class, of central bankers, of professional economists. And I would like to term it monetary and fiscal hedonism. And it's really hedonism masquerading as economics and technical analysis. And it's arguably, I think, one of the biggest untold stories of our time. And we certainly won't hear much from Bernie or Hillary or Trump about this, I'm afraid. Now, in defense of Mr. Trump, I have to say the other day he did something, an alarm he stuck his head up and mentioned the U.S. federal debt. And then he brought up the word haircut, which is a great word. It's been used in Iceland, a great effect. But he got shot down pretty heavily on that. And what he said was technically correct. We'll never be insolvent in the sense that the U.S. federal government can print money, in a literal sense, in an electronic sense, and pay people, pay debt, at least nominally, repay debt. But it's almost become a subject that's so amorphous to us, the U.S. federal debt, that we don't understand it, we don't know what it is. It's almost creaky or crankish or trite to talk about it. He conjures up Ross Perot in 1992, and he had the charts. And it turns out they were all correct, by the way. And about a week or so ago, Jim Grant, James Grant of Grant's Interest Trade Observer, I'm sure many of you are familiar with his work, wrote the cover article for Time Magazine talking about our debt. He was absolutely savaged for this article by the Krugmans and the Stiglitzes on the left. Absolutely savaged for bringing this up. So it's an interesting subject, but not one that's going to be discussed much, I'm afraid, in 2016. So I thought that we might represent graphically what the myth of fiscal hedonism has actually led us to. And this is just a very simple chart, a very simple historical chart of the U.S. government, not the U.S. people, but the U.S. federal government's debt historically over about the last century plus. And if anybody's in the back and they can't quite read some of the captions, I will try to help. But you don't hear this discussed too often, at least in a historical context. And so what I tried to do as we led the line showing the debt growing, I tried to put down some historical markers. So the first one you see that the Woodrow Wilson administration really ushers in the modern progressive age, the terrible age of the income tax, central banks coinciding with World War I. That's really when the progressive era started in the West. And then you fast forward to the New Deal and FDR. So you start to have some new programs like Social Security, which are going to show up later in this trend line. And then of course World War II comes along in the 40s and causes a spike in federal spending. Fast forward a couple more decades in union to LBJ's great society era, Medicare and Medicaid coming to being in the 1960s. And what's so interesting about this trend line is it shows something that Murray Rothbard talked about. When Murray was arguing against using utilitarian ethics as the basis for the free market, so he pointed out that when the cumulative effects of certain bad government spending policies are far off in the future, it makes sense that voters are going to vote for them because it's just a matter of time preference if you're familiar with that term. Voters are going to support things when they don't necessarily feel the pain themselves. So you see that trend line start to accelerate long after some of the programs that caused it were enacted in the 30s and the 1960s. Now the Reagan Revolution comes along in the 80s and that's from about 1981 to the end of 1988. That number, the amount of federal debt goes from about one trillion at the beginning of his term. The number he said was incomprehensible to him and it triples in those years to about three trillion. So that is perhaps the starkest visual display of the Reagan Revolution and what it was and what it wasn't. Now the three lines that you see in the early 2000s, I've just called them the end. An unholy trinity of events occurred sort of in the context of the early 2000 stock market crash, the tech stock crash, and a recession in 2000-2001 which Alan Greenspan responded to. So three things happened. First of all, 9-11 occurs which sends federal spending into hyperdrive. We then begin to prosecute the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in the 2002-2003 period. We also passed one of the single worst pieces of legislation in American history called the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Act. I was working for Ron Paul in Congress at the time. That bill was passed in a very unholy fashion late in the evening in the fall of 2003 and it was passed purely out of naked partisanship so that W could get votes from seniors against John Kerry a year later. So I guess in that cynical sense it worked. But when you take these three events together and then you see federal debt intensifying after, I think it really shows that this was the last chance. In other words, when W comes into office at the beginning of 2001, we have about $5.6 trillion of debt. I see that little arrow that says last chance. Now I would submit to you that as recently as 15 years ago we still could have dealt with the debt. Now I'm not saying that the political will existed at that time, but I'm just saying mathematically. It was still possible for us to cut benefits and do other things to make that debt, to restructure that debt or make it possible to deal with it mathematically. But when these three events occurred and Spendering went in sort of a parabolic line there, I think you can almost envision it as a car. James Dean is in a Porsche and he's going around a curve too fast and there's a cliff. And there's a point at which and a speed at which, no matter what James Dean does with counter steering or braking, it's too late. He's going over that cliff. So I think that the early 2000s represent that cliff. And there's nothing that's going to happen that's going to come along and make us pay off this debt in any real sense. I mean if you look at the 20th century there were huge revolutions, people moving from agricultural areas into cities, the automobile, the telephone, electricity becomes commonplace in households. Later on, air travel, space travel in the digital revolution, the internet. None of these vast changes caused some enormous spike into federal tax coffers. So when people say, well, we got those shale oil or somehow going to help us pay the debt, it just simply isn't true. And here's the thing is the world knows this. The world knows that we are never going to pay this debt off in any real sense. We might pay it nominally, but not in any real sense. And so the world is awash in dollars, especially Asian creditors of ours. And so they're caught between a rock and a hard place. On the one hand, it's not in their short-term interest for the dollar to sink rapidly, but it is very much in their long-term interest to no longer have the dollar as the world's reserve currency because the people behind the dollar, the U.S. Congress, are completely out of control. And they know this. And one thing that's very important to understand is this chart just represents history. This is backward-looking. This doesn't represent what Congress has said it's going to pay people in the future. I don't know if you've ever heard of this concept called the fiscal gap, but there's an economist named Lawrence Kotlikoff at Princeton who says, you know what we've promised people in the future in today's dollars versus what we're likely to take in in the future in tax revenues? Well, there's about a $200 trillion gap. So the debt's never going to be paid and entitlements are never going to be paid. That's just something we have to understand. And this is the result of this myth, this myth that we can live for today at the expense of tomorrow. And this is the fiscal example of this. This is what Congress is doing. This is what democracy leads to. But there's also a monetary element to this. I'll call it monetary hedonism. This chart just represents the monetary base. Now what's the monetary base? We talk about money supply, we talk about this, but the monetary base is one form of measuring money. What it consists of is the actual physical currency out there in circulation and then also the commercial bank reserves with the Fed. So the money that commercial banks have parked with the Fed. So we might call it base money. So it's really, I think the best indicator of what the Fed itself is doing. So the Fed's created in the 1910s and you see that line, the Fed's balance sheet is low and low and low. And then the first real shock to that is 1971 when Nixon declares we no longer have to have gold. Our foreign creditors can no longer exchange dollars for gold. So in that sense, the Federal Reserve doesn't need any gold whatsoever to back the dollar. And then that trend line continues up and up and up and the Fed continues to add to its balance sheet more money, more money, more money. And then what occurs, well, what David Stockman calls the Blackberry Panic of 2008. This is the big crash, which is still in all of our recent memories when Congress goes crazy, passes tarp and some other bills to bail out big companies like AIG and certain investment bank houses. If you read David Stockman's great book, The Great Deformation, you can learn more than you ever thought about what happened behind closed doors during that period. But what happens is the Fed starts buying up assets from banks, from commercial banks. Now some of those assets were U.S. Treasury debt, so in that sense they're considered safe. But some of them were worse. Some of them were these collateralized debt obligations that were backed up by mortgages and these mortgage portfolios aren't worth anything close to what their paper value says. So this increase in money by the central bank, this parabolic rise in the amount of money and treasuries on the Fed's balance sheet and correspondingly the amount of reserves that commercial banks have is just absolutely unprecedented in human history. Now central bankers will talk about we're in a period of extraordinary monetary policy. Well, that's for sure. Because when you look at this, we have no idea what this is going to lead to. We have never had an example of this in human history where the world's reserve currency, not a national currency like the Deutsche Mark in Weimar, Germany or what we saw in Argentina in 99-2000, this is the world's reserve currency. This is the currency that's used to settle payments internationally. And for the Fed to do this takes us into such uncharted waters that extraordinary is frankly a kind word for it.  I mean, imagine a scenario where U.S. government needs to spend more than it takes in so it sells treasuries to people, it gets the money, and then a few years later the Fed just comes along and buys those treasuries from the banks that are holding them. I mean, wouldn't that be a neat trick if you could just do that forever and ever? And we've been doing it for so long that it's starting to feel like we could do it forever and ever. But I think this graph shows you that it's a very, very scary thing and really it's hedonism. It's monetary hedonism. It's kicking the can down the road and saying instead of taking the bullet today we're going to push it off sometime in the future and a very uncertain future because this could all blow up in our face in a very unpleasant way. So I'll leave it to you to decide if this extraordinary monetary policy really is the new normal because I think it's hard to conceive of an event where the Fed would ever reverse this trend or even significantly raise interest rates. So I'll just leave you with one further chart which is not shocking that the Fed says it's not monetizing debt but there's an awfully particular parallel between the rise of the U.S. government's debt and the increase of the Fed's balance sheet. So when we say that there's no connection between government debt and monetary policy I think that perhaps history tells us otherwise. So what does all this mean for us? Well, no society in human history has ever done this. When we look around this beautiful venue today it often hosts symphonies and spoken word events. We see a media I think that it was built by people who cared quite a bit about the future. They wanted to create something lasting, something that would not only survive their lifetimes and serve future generations like all of us sitting here together. They actually broke ground on this building about 100 years ago. It was a Christian science church and it served for decades as such. But in a sense you got to hand it to the people who built this building because the individuals who did so I think live on today through their work, through this building. I don't know if you've noticed some of the Tiffany-style lighting, the terracotta on the outsides of the building and also particularly thick masonry which is designed to produce warm acoustics in this building and I think it still holds up very well. They persevered for about six years to build this building and while they couldn't have foreseen that we might be sitting here a hundred years hence, I think that they undoubtedly hoped that it was built to last and it would remain standing for a long time and in fact it has as Seattle grew up around it. So this desire to build things beyond one's lifetime I think is innately human. It's hardwired as humans to build societies and I think the most ambitious humans have always sought to build lasting monuments and lasting modes of living and that's not possible unless people work toward a future that they will not be around to enjoy themselves. And we can see that Congress and the Fed are encouraging us to do the opposite. I mean imagine our primitive ancestors, what they would have given in their short and difficult lives to have lasting forms of sustenance, of food, of water, of shelter instead of having to produce that sustenance day after day. And really in fact I mean we can call this the hallmark of civilization. We can call it many things but we might just say that healthy societies produce capital. They consume less than they produce. So this capital accumulation creates a kind of upward spiral that increases productivity and increases investment and makes the future richer and brighter. And capital accumulation is what made it possible for human populations to rise up out of subsistence and to create agricultural revolution and industrial revolution, a digital revolution.  Economists talk about this activity at least from the consumer end in the context of time preference, the preference that people have for current consumption over future consumption. People with high time preferences like members of Congress they want everything that ain't no matter what the cost whether we're talking about buying material goods or simply enjoying the empty pleasures of idleness over productive activity. But people with low time preferences the kind of people who built this building are the opposite. They'd rather forego some relaxation or some purchase today to build the future or their children's future. And it's not just to benefit their own family or tribe the society benefits across the board when people accumulate capital. Economic, cultural and philanthropic development. So time preference is not just an economic concept it also has a broader relationship to society. And now plenty has been written about accumulating capital and time preferences in the 1800s the French classical economist Jean-Baptiste Sey gave us his law of markets and if we wanted to we could reduce that law to the proposition that production precedes consumption. We have to produce before we consume that's what real world scarcity means. Society either produces goods or we return to subsistence living. And Mises argued that just from the study of human action alone we can assume that all other things being equal individuals prefer to achieve an end sooner rather than later, right? The future is uncertain and our lifetimes are limited. That's why we'd rather buy our dream house at age 40 than at age 90, right? We can understand that. But what we have to consider is what consuming that capital or even incurring debt to buy that dream house at 40 might mean for us at age 90 if we're so lucky to make it. Now Hans Hoppe a particular favorite of mine he says that low time preferences a willingness to accumulate goods for the future actually initiates the process of civilization. A positive feedback loop in which developing societies accumulate more and more capital which makes them more productive which leads to longer lifespans and hence more concern for the future. So it seems self-evident I'm sure to most of us that capital accumulation and low time preferences are undeniably healthy, virtuous, necessary part of an advanced society. But the two most powerful forces in the modern world central states and central banks work tirelessly to force us into this kind of economic hedonism fiscal hedonism and monetary hedonism and democracy so-called is really at the heart of their plans for us because as Hans Hoppe points out democratic politics makes politicians have high time preferences, right? The effects of their policies are going to occur long after they're out of office. Why shouldn't they vote for popular spending measures today and win support? Consequences won't be felt until long after they're out of office. This is an inherent feature of democracy and it's why democracy doesn't work and democracy can't work. At least not in the long term. And these moral hazards that it creates are huge. We're not just talking about lower income Americans who perhaps would rather have food stamps than work a difficult and low paying job. We're talking about huge middle class constituencies facing moral hazards. Think of what Social Security does to people's outlooks. Why buy a Hyundai and vacation in Florida when it's pretty easy at least with credit to buy a Mercedes and vacation in Europe? I mean how many economic decisions are subtly influenced by this knowledge that at least a portion of one's retirement costs will be borne by others? So this is what our central government and our Fed has wrought.  It makes us worse people. This is not just an economic issue. This is a moral and cultural issue. So I'll leave you with this. I think the root of our problem is mythology. We've cast aside our most human impulses to save for a rainy day and build a better tomorrow for ourselves and for future generations. And we bought into the myths of politics and political money. We've let them get away with this economic hedonism. And let's be honest here ladies and gentlemen, we've all enjoyed some of the benefits of that hedonism of living at the expense of our grandchildren. It's been a great party for America but good luck electing someone who wants to talk about the hangover. Thank you so much.


Everybody forced here ripping 21 22 mosaic road to FIFA World Cup soccer hobby through box number 12 random teams I'll let you look at the Results right here. You can always find them a late in sports cards.com. Thanks for joining everybody and good luck Let's see what we got Come on big card here. Let's see the biggest card we've had so far. Let's see it again. Thank you everybody for pulling up these brakes so far Always good to have this first like pretty Significant World Cup release that isn't like a sticker product. I guess I there haven't been any other have there This is even road to the world cup to I'm really hoping prism comes out on time Which would be a little less than a month. So if it comes out before the World Cup, that'd be pretty awesome mosaic Netherlands Ryan Graven birch Silver US Sardinia desk Don Ross. I don't know. Okay, what are writing? We didn't get a mosaic France Jules Kunde Red mosaic France you go Larry They met a mastery Irving Lozano Mexico This seems to be the one people are more focused on though at least a little more hyphal closer to the events Higher quality product. I'd say mosaic England Luke Shaw red mosaic Switzerland's Sir Don Shaqiri Holland pitchmatchers mosaic Borrelia CS Hassan we've got a mosaic rookie for Netherlands Yorien Timber Silver Aiden Hazard Belgium. All right guys. Just basketball and football breaks left for tonight There's still some room left for personals if you looking to rip a personal later on with us First auto of the break is a United States auto. It's Kobe Jones Kobe Kobe Jones mosaic for Argentina Emiliano Martinez red mosaic Sweden day on Kulisep ski Louis Suarez. Yeah Kobe Nice Patrick Namar is gonna be a good one he I Think Namar stuff is gonna be hot hot at the World Cup I think I think he might end up being the best player in the tournament really or look the best at least That he's just also playing very well right now, so yeah, rookie Sweden mosaic. Can you stay? Poland red mosaic Peter Zelinski Pitchmatchers mosaic Guillermo Ochoa I think a lot of you looks back thinking the pressure is like really on but This is his like peak, you know, he's like 31. He's in his prime. He's playing his best at PSG Brazil Brazil's favorite. Yeah, it's Brazil and then it's France and then I think Argentina and Someone are tied for like fourth or whatever and then Spain will be fit Ricky mosaic Austria Daniel Bachman Silver for France Antoine Griezmann. I think it might be England and Argentina tied any odds at third like plus 800 plus 400 Brazil plus 600 France something something around there And it's like plus 800 Argentina and It might be England I I would think right baby in Spain I think is 1000 mosaic or a guai was Larry. Yeah, look it up man silver for Argentina Lena messy there. He is I Messy said it's his last World Cup you would imagine that it's Ronaldo's last World Cup two they're both in the late 30s It's a big one guys a big one Mosaic Poland Bocek Chechny. So England and Argentina are both plus 700 Red mosaic rookie US Brian Reynolds and a mosaic meta mastery Akram Hassan have a thief France 600 England and Argentina plus 700 Spain Where's the US like plus a good Jillian Got an overdrive case hit Germany Jurgen Klinsman speaking of the US men's national team Former manager. I mean I miss Klinsman. You got he was way overhated Mosaic for Brazil Marquinhos silver rookie Australia Adam Taggart plus 10,000 yeah, that's about right.  They're not the lowest odds They're not the lowest odds at all probably not even close to the lowest odds US has better odds in Poland, that's interesting I mean I can see it Mosaic Venezuela Jan Helher era red mosaic Germany Florian verts Costa Rica Saudi Arabia plus 75,000 Qatar's plus 25,000 How is Qatar? So much higher there's rookie mosaic Mexico Carlos Rodriguez red mosaic Italy Lorenzo Insignia And is a step in mosaic montage Saying there's a chance Costa Rica Ricky mosaic for Uruguay, Georgian day artist Arceita. What about Wales silver France killing him Bob a because 15,000 so with the odds saying everybody the odds makers think the US will advance to Around of 16 That's what the odds makers are saying They're better odds than Wales and much better odds than Iran rookie mosaic for Germany cream out of yummy nice out of yummy Red mosaic US or genius desk. I see what you're saying that they're in the pool together Yeah, it's group B is England US Wales and Iran You guys should advance, but I'm not I am not counting my Next one. Oh my god No way. Oh, wow. No way Here he is. Oh my god.   Rest in peace. Diego Maradona. What a monster hit He's got focus on breathing right now you guys. Oh my god.  I'm gonna let Shawn.  I am shaking Red mosaic rookie Akram Hassana fee for guitar. Oh my goodness I'll take that right back Oh my god Goodness That is huge one of the best players ever you passed away in 2020 Yeah, so this is huge Five of ten The condition it's hard to tell Mosaic is tough to see the surface of but there's the back I'm not no grading expert. I'm not I'm also not calm enough to like assess that right now It looks fairly centered. There's no like crazy off-centering. There's no dings in the corners The edges are gonna be tough to see but I mean Show me another gold Maradona auto. Oh My goodness one sec guys So insane. Okay, that break took a while to fill, too Yeah Man all those mosaic breaks were filled up tomorrow There's nine more of those things out there. Oh Boy Okay, I'm gonna move on now England was a Harry McGuire Red mosaic Argentina Gonzalo Montiel Steppen liner there Yeah, I just texted the breaker chat. I'm like I just hit a Freaking big card. Oh, I didn't say I didn't say freaking. I said something else Mosaic rookie Wales Danny Ward Red still shaking guys. We're a red mosaic rookie Brazil Gabriel Barbosa We now them Netherlands pitch masters. I Don't know what that's worth More than the more than the buy-ins of the break More than the $60 it cost to join the break. Yeah Red mosaic rookie Croatia, Yoseph Yuranovic red mosaic Poland, Lewandowski Nice one. I'm with I haven't shaken like this in a long time while breaking. Oh My god I saw the light blue and I was like, oh, it's probably an Argentina hit thinking it was like a Like at best like a messy No, no mess. He doesn't have a lot of this everyone doesn't have autos mosaic Brazil Richard listen silver cohesion Mateo Copacic One second lane one second. It's right behind my arm there. Oh Man, what's the one auto you'd want to hit in this in this product lane? Rookie mosaic Netherlands Cody Gakpo silver Brazil Kazimiro My god Oh, it doesn't even make sense again, that's a David L Good god, I'm shaking so bad. I Like walk around for a second. Oh my god. Oh Boy Whoo, I don't know what I'm gonna stop shaking guys. We're just gonna keep going here.  I Mean the only better hit you could probably pull is one of black the black Maradona auto That's probably the only better hit you could pull I would think Yeah, there's literally a one better card you can get well But there's a Jersey number you could get of that and then there's the the black That's about as that's you know Close to a product hit you could hope to get rookie mosaic or a guy Focundo Torres silver Argentina Emiliano Martinez. Oh my god Yeah, he passed away in 2020 I Got mosaic rookie Norway Christian Thors vets Paley does have autos in this. Yes, Belgium red mosaic Kevin de Bruyne. They go Belgium I air there Yeah, so the chases would be like Maradona first and it's probably like Paley and Ronaldo after that There's a few other there's a lot of big names in this product guys for autos though It's it's a really good especially for mosaic considering how a lot of other mosaic products You don't have like as great a checklist for autos sometimes. Yeah, Belgium mosaic Thorgan Hazard silver Switzerland granted Shaka For sure Patrick for sure for sure mosaic or a guy Federico Valverde silver Venezuela young hell Herrera I'm like a little lightheaded from yelling and jumping around and It's most recent Nice Netherlands Scripps rude van Nisleroy What a break dude congrats Netherlands Root that's a nice hit too. There's some ink on the back of that card Nice van Nisleroy. There you go Netherlands Crazy man. You can make that too mosaic Goretzka for Germany Red mosaic Colombia Luis Diaz I can't believe we are waiting to fill that break too. Yeah, we were waiting to fill that break The David I'll grab his spot He was the first person to buy a spot actually He bought in yesterday. He bought in last night Early bird got the worm. I'll tell you guys. Oh My god, uh, Ross for Dory rookie mosaic rookie Ecuador Piero and Capiae red mosaic Austria Christoph bomb Gartner a Modric pitch masters. I don't know if anyone ever said that that sounds like a pretty American thing a Mosaic Colombia Duban Zapata silver Colombia Rafael Santos Borde. I'll show it and we're almost at the recap guys. Good. Good job Hmm I'm gonna have to like walk around the shop after this and drink some water and If I was a smoker, I'd grab a cigarette I Was a Mexico or both of right. I wasn't at work. I'd have to grab a big thing a whiskey red mosaic rookie Argentina Lucas Martinez, Quarta I don't know that is a schlager. I have a schlager. Yeah people sick mosaic us red mosaic Katara Pedro Miguel rookie a Mmm a gosin's men of mastery mosaic Some people can keep their cool instead. I could I could not keep my cool. I stood up I don't ever stand up out of this chair. I do. I scared Sean. Oh my god I was like there was like I cut my finger off or something Mosaic Sabitzer Austria silver rookie Pusha's for Poland, I think Timote Pusha pusha's I actually looked at that name. I didn't want to sound like a complete fool with trying to say that name again So I got I'm a closer now. It's not perfect when I'm closer now. Okay Let's recap this break To begin with Maradona does not have a ton of all it was out there. Not a ton. He's got he's got a few but Okay, so we had an overdrive case hit for Germany Jurgen Klinsman a Super messy for Argentina was a nice one one of the nicer Argentina cards in the break one of the nicer ones Kobe Jones United States auto. There was all throwbacks here, which is pretty cool The throwbacks are usually bigger in this so nice Kobe Kobe.  Yeah, David L Ridiculous auto looks good the card centered well. I don't see any noticeable damage on corners or anything It's numbered five of ten But even if you never took it out of this mag, it's a gold Diego Maradona auto from a World Cup product, so Okay, we've got baseball coming up


Hey friends today, I'm hanging out at the Lakeland antique mall I've seen a lot of photos people have been tagging me in with some amazing Disney world props and even some awesome Cast costumes so I decided to come down make a little video and give you guys a peak see Anyways, let's go do this. I visit here quite frequently Maybe every two maybe three weeks and I come down and make a little video to show you all the cool Disney world props and Polynesian furniture stuff like that so that maybe you can actually buy it if you're looking for it If you do see anything in the video that you're actually interested in you can actually call the Lakeland antique mall here And you can purchase it like over the phone and they'll put it to the side for you And you can even like, you know set up a you ship one of those companies actually come pick it up and ship it to You and I'll put all of the information in the description below like their their address and the phone number Anyhoo, let's get to the good stuff, huh? And the first thing I want to show you is the complete Tower of Terror Cast member costume how amazing is that you can actually Purchase this and wear it that blows my mind it comes with a shirt pants hat coat. That is a huge collectible item It's expensive, but it's very hard very hard to come by one of those I Feel like the Haunted Mansion and the Tower of Terror are the probably most sought-after cast member outfits I mean, I can only imagine what the Haunted Mansion one would cost, but a Tower of Terror one that is awesome And it looks like they have tons of the Polynesian lamps actually in stock. Wow. They have so many of them I'm so excited because you know, these are very popular right here. Oh And I see something else peeking up over here. That's really awesome These props, I don't know where they're from though, but it's Hercules and Pegasus. That's really awesome. They're huge though I mean, they are huge. I don't know what they could be from though If you guys know what these are from please let me know in the comments because I think that is awesome I love Hercules and Take a look at all of the Polynesian stuff over here. These are all of the Tiki lamps from the rooms Tons of these tons of mirrors tons of desk This is awesome. If you guys like the Polynesian, oh That is awesome Wow, this is literally all Polynesian and Hercules and Pegasus. Ooh, they even have the big mirrors too I'll try to show you guys the prices of things actually on the video But if you like I said see something you like and you want to know how much it costs or you have to do is Just call the Lakeland Antique Mall describe it to them and they literally will tell you how much it costs For instance these Tiki lamps are $250. I think that's well worth it because of the rarity of them So once these ones are actually all gone and these ones are sold. That's it Like I don't know how much more they're gonna be getting but like after this big round of renovations They're not gonna be making these styles anymore I'm gonna start looking through now everything. This is the vault collectibles booth and like I said both boots Actually, they're right next to each other have like all amazing things and a little bit of different stuff in each one That's what I like about it because there's like a big, you know variety going on Now these Polynesian pictures are probably the coolest things that I've seen so far come out of the Polynesian That I haven't owned already. I love this like this is beautiful kind of reminds me of Flight of passage. I don't know why this is gorgeous though. This is another cool prop This is a big canister that was actually out front of the milk stand at galaxy edge That's crazy Which one do you guys like blue milk or green milk? They also have a lot more light fixtures from the wilderness lodge including this one that goes above the bathroom sink I like this look how fancy that is and then they have those ones down there And then some other knickknacks from the bathroom at the wilderness lodge the trash can the tissue boxes These are only like 15 20 bucks. I think that's kind of cool These are really awesome because these are from the Polynesian I don't know I like the room art and like all the different prop art that they use at the resorts But these ones are special because They're only $35 and on the back of them. They actually have the stamp approval From Disney so you take a look see right here It says Disney World Ride shared services poly resort rehab and then the date that is so awesome Isn't it that is really cool? These are kind of cool too. These are the temporary construction walls for downtown Disney. That's like a unique piece Oh, and this is the Grand Floridian wallpaper. Look, you can get a whole entire roll of wallpaper right for $300 that's amazing and it's got like Mickey and Minnie on him There's a lot of good things in here some more cast member costumes up there This is really cool. This is like one of those Separators from Caribbean Beach in the Pirates room of room separator. There you go. Yeah, I like that. Isn't that very cool? Lots more wilderness lodge stuff I like the chairs the chairs only $75 and like these are very fancy a very nice material I like it a lot Some more Christmas decorations came in these are from the Hollywood Brown Derby I like that and then they got some boardwalk and some more from Disney Springs over there Actually right behind it. They have tons old Key West wilderness Lodge pop century They have them basically all from the resorts and it goes back and oh wow so much more back here That is so cool. These are the art of animation actual like What are these called? Garlands Wow, I remember actually looking at these last year. That is crazy Now we got some more banisters over here. Look at this Disneyland happy Thanksgiving 2015 that is really cool and then over here. They have another Get more happy at Disney's California adventure. That's a hundred ninety five dollars that banner but then this one is actually $195 as well Wait a second happy new year 2017 that's a hundred ninety five dollars two. These are really cool because these were in the parks and that like Man if I was there 2017 for the new year I would want that It also looks like they have some universal studios props here to some newer ones that I haven't seen the last time I was here Including the palace arcade sign right there. That's really nifty I don't know if this was here last time Wow five hundred dollars, but that's really that's a that's like a one-of-a-kind piece and they have all these other Halloween horror night prop signs Even some more over here This is another cool Halloween horror nights prop This is actually lights up and it was actually used at one of the bars where you can buy drinks That's really nifty. It has like the photo to show you where it was at Oh, it was also in a window and I just noticed this peeking up there But that is also another amazing thing that is a wine sign from Epcot's food and wine festival just the wine though no food Here is a couple aprons from restaurant asaurus at Animal Kingdom. This was the little dino restaurant I like that. Look at how they had little dinosaurs on them They have a lot of Animal Kingdom large stuff basically this whole setup in this picture here You get the chairs for 65 the beers for 125 and they got tons of them Tons of prop pictures over here stuff from Animal Kingdom From all-star movies. Well, this is cool. This is from the grand opening of Animal Kingdom. Look at this Mushu a boo a boo. I like these and then Lumiere a Couple more of the Magic Kingdom big tops souvenirs props That's really awesome because anything that's from the Magic Kingdom I feel like is like something awesome to have you know me be like oh, that's from the Magic Kingdom or That's from Animal Kingdom. Look at that. They even have the dragon. I like those Look, you can actually buy all the light up Halloween stuff that they have for this year already I can't even believe that I paid $20 for a drink with that Jack-o-lantern light-up thing and I could have just got a bunch of them here. I Haven't seen those before either. Those are the Boulder Ridge nightstands. That's really nifty These Polynesian desks though. These are going quick $45. I Would really love to get a desk or a Polynesian desk. I don't think I have any room though at my house for a desk It would definitely be pretty awesome. They've got some really cool dressers back here I like this one because I had a hidden Mickey in it. These are chairs I believe from Citrocos and then this big thing right here is from the yacht club Like this is from the lobby. Oh my lord. I remember sitting here What that just blew my mind literally. This is where that TV was That is crazy Sorry, sometimes things like that just really hit me hard because I remember just sitting there and like joking around Like watching like the little shows and stuff like that and now it's here Mind-blowing and then take a look at this beautiful display here with all these awesome statues. Oh, wow. These are unbelievable. I Love it so much. I Have never been a big snow globe collector kind of guy, but these are really fancy looking a Latin and then they have the castles like this stuff is very nice and these ears are very nice as well That is an amazing Epcot one right there all the world showcase and then even the 2000 that is something else. I can tell you that Another really fancy thing is this old monorail set right here. I like it.  That is something nifty This is really cool. And these are actually very rare. This is a Disney Doom buggy license plane This is an original one ninety nine dollars It's good that it's actually framed like that because if you put that in your car, somebody's bound to take it off Maybe wow, these are also really cool These are actual like maps for one of the run Disney events And this is old because it's got the sorcerer's hat number one and then you can look and it's got the show buildings So rock and roller coaster Wow, this is really cool echo Lake Fantasmic I like these Wow now I want to show you something so awesome. I think this is adorable. I Have seen lots of Mickey and mini phones before But I have never seen a goofy phone But take a look at this goofy phone because it's really special. All you gotta do is lift it up and watch what happens. Oh This is great. Oh, I just want to keep doing it. Oh, this is this is amazing Hello, oh Wow It's only eighty nine dollars. Oh man guys $89 I don't have a landline. This is all I Don't know. I love how they actually put a lot of this stuff on the outside So you can get a good look of what the booth is gonna be like like this one has all these vintage Mickey's I Have never seen a collection of Mickey plushes like this like they're all different. Look at that one Wow These are so nifty looking I love just walking around here and just looking at all the boots There's so much to take in and a little bit for everybody Look at this little case right here.  Oh bees. I absolutely love this restaurant I wish there were some still around. Maybe there is if you guys know if they have any of those around still I'd love to visit one in the future Lots of funko pops too, I know that those are a very popular thing and some nifty Lego sets In fact, they have a lot of really cool things over here more action figures. This is Paul's hoarder house. I like that It's a order house They even have a lot of different paints. My mom would love this actually because she loved painting ceramics Is that even a thing anymore? I remember I used to paint ceramics with my mom Actually now that I think about it mom, what did you do with all my ceramics? I painted. Where are they would you do with all those? And I think that's gonna do it for me So much new stuff here lots more poly stuff and it's gonna keep on coming here guys It's gonna keep coming this so if you don't get the Polynesian stuff right away Just keep checking back because like I said, there's hundreds of rooms they're doing so all that stuff is just gonna Keep on getting stocked up and stocked up if you've seen anything you like like I said Just give the Lakeland antique mall a call and I will put their information in the description of this video I'll also put it in the comments too so that way it's easier for you to find and I hope you enjoyed the video I enjoyed making it. Let's see you next time. Bye


When you create any communication for a brand, it is important to maintain a brand voice. In this video, I'll show you how to use the brand new feature in Canva to apply a brand voice to your communication. Let's get started. Before I proceed, I must clarify that the brand voice feature is only available if you are using the Canva Pro account. If you are using the free version of Canva, you won't be able to use this feature. Let me start by opening one of my existing designs. Go to the menu on the left hand side and let's select a text box and choose add a subheading. Let me type some content. Let's say I have typed this promotional material, but I want to make sure that it aligns with the brand voice. In this case, the brand is Toastmasters. If I click on it and select magic right, I don't see anything called a brand voice. That is because I have not a told Canva what is the brand voice of Toastmasters. So what is a brand voice? Brand voice is defined by the organization to ensure that every message that goes out maintains that voice and consistency. For Toastmasters, you will find the brand voice under the resources, scroll down till you find the brand portal, select brand manual and download the manual. So this is the brand manual of Toastmasters. If I scroll down, we will find the brand voice and tone. Let me copy the text by selecting it and press control C, go to Canva and on the left hand side, we see something called a brand. I've already defined the Toastmaster brand elements in my brand kit, which is the logo, colors, fonts and images, but if I click on edit and scroll down, we find a new option here called add your brand voice. Click on the plus sign and paste the brand voice from the brand manual. I will remove the line bricks so that it looks neat and clean. So this is the Toastmasters brand voice, confidence, compassion, clear, respectful and so forth. Click on the save button and close the brand kit window. If I click on the text box now and select magic right, a new option appears called apply brand voice. To understand the before and after, let me make a copy of this text. Control C, control V and apply the brand voice to the copied text. Magic right, apply brand voice. You can see the difference between the original text that I wrote and the AI generated text that has the brand voice applied to it. You can use this feature when creating any communication related to that brand, whether you are posting something on Facebook or LinkedIn or even sending out a WhatsApp message. For example, this is a club LinkedIn page. We had created this post a few weeks ago. Let me copy it and paste it in Canva. Let me make a blank page, create a text box and paste the text from LinkedIn here. To see the difference, I will make a copy of this text box. Control C and then control V. Click on this text box and select magic right and apply brand voice. The immediate thing that I can see is that the Canva AI has condensed the text. Compare the two versions and see if applying the brand voice enhances your message. You can use this method before creating any brand communication. If you have a Canva Pro account and you are creating communication for a brand, make sure you check out the brand voice.