From around the globe, it's theCUBE with digital coverage of VeeamON 2020. Brought to you by Veeam. Hi, I'm Stu Miniman and this is the Cube's coverage of VeeamON 2020 online. Really happy to welcome the program, a first time guest and he is the Chief Information Security Officer at Veeam. Gil Vega, thank you so much for joining us. Always loved the chat with the CISO. Awesome, thanks for having me, Stu. All right, so Gil, first give us a little bit of your background and you're relatively new than Veeam. Obviously, when you took the job, the current global pandemic wasn't necessarily front center, but yeah, give our audience a little bit of who you are. Yeah, yeah, timing is everything. I've been at Veeam for 90 plus days, joined the company just before the global pandemic broke and sort of disrupted our entire planet. Before that, I was the CISO for five years of a systemically important financial services market utility, but most of my experience is in government. I was a federal executive for almost 20 years in Washington DC where I was a CISO at the Department of Energy, Homeland Security, Naval Intelligence and a few other places. Excellent, well, that's a great pedigree. We love talking to the public sector people. Obviously, security front and center, they're always, but really, I mean, it's a board level today. Security so much of what's going on. I have to ask you, though, with the global pandemic hitting, obviously, work from home is a big piece of what's going on. Give us kind of your first reaction there being new to the role. How do you make sure that Veeam itself is safe and that your customers as they're dealing with things that can stay secure? That's a great question. I don't think anyone can say they were 100% prepared for a global pandemic, the likes of which no one's ever really experienced before, at least in the modern age, but Veeam is largely, even though we're 5,000 strong and global is largely a virtual workforce. So a large majority of our teammates work from home in mobile situations. So the company has a long track record of providing really innovative and secure tools so that we can conduct our business both with our customers, with our sales teams generating leads, our technical teams developing product. The technology here is pretty impressive. I will say the impact to our workforce, at least from a virtual perspective, hasn't been as significant as some more traditional companies. Being the new CISO here at Veeam, it's a first-time position for the company who's taken this topic very seriously. It has been, for me personally, a bit of a challenge in building my team. Obviously the Infosec space, cybersecurity space is very competitive when you're trying to hire folks and the pandemic obviously has made folks think twice about transitioning or starting careers or changing companies. So it's put a little bit of a hitch in my step in terms of overall planning, but we're moving on to some different strategies and building a team a little slower than we had anticipated. Yeah, well, definitely understandable. Put a freeze for most people. We're hoping that that is starting to fall a little bit these days. I'm curious if you can share, organizationally, this is a new role. Did you report to the CIO or you appear? What's been your experience with some of those organizational dynamics about where Assiso lives and reports in the org? Yeah, I think it really depends upon the company's culture. That drives where this role sits. At my previous company, I worked for the CIO who was a corporate officer. Here at Veeam, it is a new position and there's such a significance placed on cybersecurity because of the expectations around this topic, not only from our board, our customers, the government, regulators, and everyone else. This role, my role reports directly into Bill Large and our CEO, which fully empowers me as a member of the management team of the entire company to drive the initiatives that need to be driven so that we can meet those expectations which tend to rise every year from expectations of our customers, product features in our products, regulatory requirements, and so forth. So, this space tends to get more difficult, more complex as time goes on. And I think that Veeam has constructed this role in an operating model that is going to make it highly successful. Yeah, well, data security absolutely such a critical piece of today's landscape. Give us your thoughts about data security and really modern IT, and what is your charter to try to make sure that Veeam fits in there? Yeah, Veeam is now a U.S. company, right? And the idea here is to continue to drive growth in North America and one of the key components of that growth has to be the U.S. government. I have a pedigree with the U.S. government and I understand what the requirements are to do business there. So, again, back to those expectations, my charge here is to deliver us not only an internal cybersecurity program that continues to meet and exceed those expectations, but to be able to position our products in a way that not only solves some of the data resiliency issues that the government faces and that our global customers face, but also help to solve some of these significant cybersecurity issues that they're trying to manage. In the boardroom, cybersecurity is essentially the number one operational risk now with a lot of focus across not only the boards, but all the functional areas of the company, whether it's finance, sales, technology, and security. It's just seems to be the topic that everyone's most concerned about. We just want to make sure that we're positioned in a way that drives what we're delivering here as a competitive advantage. You know, what are some keys of consideration for data security on modern businesses? I'm sorry, you broke up. Could you repeat that question, Stu? Sure, just looking for some of the key security considerations for modern business. Yeah, you know, there are, there's so many, right? I tend to focus on the simple things for most companies, right? The priorities that every CISO ought to have are around, you know, the blocking and tackling of a risk-based vulnerability management program, making sure that you're managing identities so that the right people have the right access to the right resources at the right time. You got to have those strong and fast cyber ops because you will have incidents, right? We all know that. If you're a CISO in a company, you're not managing incidents. Chances are you're not seeing incidents, which is probably worse than not having them. The other thing that I've learned as a key consideration for protecting your company coming from government is this concept of information sharing and making sure that you're not only speaking with your peer companies but your competitors as well because they're seeing an awful lot of the same issues that you will see or have seen. And there's really no competitive advantage in information sharing amongst the CISOs in various industry communities. In financial services, I feel like they've optimized that. Where I came from, I would talk with CISOs at my competing firms on a weekly basis, comparing notes, talking about threats, understanding threat actors, talking about technology and so forth. Just trying to provide for this sense of collective defense that those in the financial services industry has together. And then obviously for the last several years, there's got to be a deep understanding of the differences in managing cyber security in the cloud and what that entails and holding those vendors accountable for your security requirements. You can outsource the technology but you can't outsource the risk. So you have to be able to understand how the cloud changes the risks that you're facing from the internet.  I think back earlier in my career, you go back to 10, 15, 20 years ago and could IT be a differentiator? And therefore there wasn't necessarily that sharing among peer group or they were very careful of how they did things because, oh wait, I tried this new project and I might have some advantage but as you said, security is something we need to as a community get involved with and you also brought up cloud. So if we look at cloud models today, we understand it's really a shared responsibility model. So how should people be thinking about cloud? How should they be moving forward with really these multitudes of environments that they need to go with? Yeah, we could probably have an hour show and talk about some of the scar tissue that I've gained over the years in managing cloud programs. The number one thing I would talk about, I think it's probably the most important thing is making sure you understand exactly what security services your cloud provider is providing and don't assume that they're going to meet your requirements. You need to understand what those requirements are, whether or not they fit your business and operations model and whether or not they're capable of meeting the risk appetite that you've set for yourself and communicated to your board. In certain cases, the default cloud security services won't meet those expectations and you'll have to work with the cloud vendors to augment those in a way that make it more acceptable for your risk profile and for your business. I've often talked with peers who at companies, smaller companies who just assume that the large cloud providers are going to take care of everything that you used to take care of on-prem. And in fact, there are just certain things that are happening in the cloud that are completely different than on-prem situation as it relates to cyber and you've got to have a really good understanding of how those are differentiated because if you're making assumptions about the level of cybersecurity services that you're procuring in the cloud, it's probably going to turn around and bite you at some point. Yeah, I laugh a little bit. I think in the pre-cloud era was, you need to be careful because just somebody that is lazy or being a little bit malicious could go against any security things that you set. Well, if you go to the cloud, some things have changed but many things haven't. I need to make sure that I've adjusted those settings. Oh wait, there's something I should have looked into or added to, let me make sure I adjust those. I think, at least I think the cloud providers are a little bit more engaged after some key kinks in the armor that were seen. So there've been a little bit more awareness of what's going on and everybody is engaging a little bit more. Gil, governance and ransomware are things that I've talked to you for many years about being, how does that fit your overall discussion? You know, governance is probably one of the most overlooked but most important components of a cybersecurity program that's effective. We don't do cybersecurity just to do cybersecurity. We're trying to meet key business objectives. We're trying to meet customer expectations. We're trying to support technology integration programs and having all of the efforts of the CISO and her organization governed correctly within the corporate structure is just absolutely critical. Here at Veeam, my function is governed by the board of directors as it is in most large companies. So they're interested obviously in the health status of the projects that I'm leading, the initiatives that I'm driving, the transformations that are occurring across the globe. They're interested in understanding exactly how the product feature sets in our products are being informed by the experiences of our internal team and what our customers need. For us, it's very important to provide that oversight and insight into everything that we're doing at the highest levels so that our board of directors can have a really good understanding of overall risk of the organization and what we're facing. Gil, final question I have for you. Just key priorities going forward. What should we be looking for from Veeam and the security practice particularly? Yeah, sure. So we've gone and we've adopted a new security framework. We've adopted the NIST cybersecurity framework version 1.1. We're leading ourselves through a maturity assessment based on that framework. We're setting objective maturity measures for each of the components of our cybersecurity program based on the NIST cybersecurity framework. And we're driving some transformation across the globe to make sure that we're doing everything we can to protect not only the company, but our customers' data, our products, and so forth. We're also positioning ourselves in a way to, as I said earlier, enhance our business opportunities with the U.S. government and adopting the NIST cybersecurity framework is probably the first step in a long program to be able to do much more business with our government counterparts. All right, well, Gil Vega, thank you so much for joining us. Really pleasure to talk with you. Very good, thanks, Stu. All right, be back with lots more coverage from Veeamon 2020 online. I'm Stu Miniman and thank you for watching theCUBE.


Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States and Secretary Weinberger. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain standing as honors are rendered to the Secretary of Defense. Please be seated and please rise as the colors are advanced and remain standing for the playing of the United States National Anthem. Attention to orders. The Honorable Casper W. Weinberger is awarded the Department of the Army Distinguished Civilian Service Award in recognition and appreciation of his dedicated service as the Secretary of Defense and his extraordinary contributions to enhancement of the national security posture. His stewardship ensured ready understanding and a balanced approach to meeting the Army's requirements for force structure, modernization and readiness, while substantially improving the working and living environments for our soldiers and their families. Secretary Weinberger has established himself as a truly exceptional leader with vision, dedication and integrity. His selfless service to the United States Army, the Department of Defense, and this great nation stands as a worthy example for all American citizens to emulate. Signed John O. Marsh Jr. Secretary of the Army, the Department of the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award is presented to the Honorable Casper W. Weinberger for exceptionally distinguished public service to the United States of America as Secretary of Defense from January 1981 to November 1987. Through exemplary leadership, courageous vision, and unflagging loyalty to the country, the President and the American Armed Forces. Secretary Weinberger captained the reemergence of the United States Navy and Marine Corps as strong and resolute guardians of our national security and the security of friendly and allied nations around the world. Steering an unravering course of peace through seapower, Secretary Weinberger championed the revitalization of America's maritime forces through unprecedented improvements in the quality and quantity of naval personnel, ships, submarines, aircraft and weapon systems. As a result of those efforts, the men and women of the Navy and Marine Corps again exhibit the talent, dedication and readiness that has characterized their place in our nation's history. Signed James W. Web Jr. Secretary of the Navy, the award is being presented today by the Honorable H. Lawrence Garrett III, Undersecretary of the Navy. The Department of the Air Force presents the decoration for exceptional civilian service to Casper W. Weinberger. As Secretary of Defense from 21 January 1981 to 17 November 1987, Casper W. Weinberger demonstrated intellect, foresight and management skills in a position of great importance to the nation and the United States Air Force. Under his decisive leadership, the United States has modernized our strategic and tactical weapon systems, improved readiness and sustainability, and enhanced our national security space program. His overarching commitment to people fostered a renewed sense of pride in the military profession. Signed Edward C. Aldridge Jr. Secretary of the Air Force. Please be seated of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Mr. President, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, and especially men and women of the Department of Defense. I welcome you to this ceremony honoring our departing Secretary of Defense Casper W. Weinberger and his wife, Jane, as they step into another phase of their life after nearly seven eventful and successful years leading the Pentagon. Ladies and gentlemen, with that it is now my high privilege and distinct pleasure to introduce the individual at the top, who really has been the prime initiator and the leader of our defense revitalization, and of a rebirth and spirit in the nation at large, our Commander-in-Chief, President Ronald Reagan. Admiral Krause, thank you. This is a bittersweet moment for me and I think for all of us who have known and worked closely with Cap Weinberger. It's so fitting to see this fine military tribute to the one American who has probably done as much as any other in history to restore the morale and readiness of our nation's military. In the Rose Garden recently, I called you America's finest Secretary of Defense. That was no exaggeration. There are many qualities that made Cap's service at the Pentagon and in my cabinet so invaluable. And I'll speak to some of those in a moment, but at the heart of the matter, well, it was really a matter of heart. Cap Weinberger started his service to this country more than 40 years ago as a buck private and he never forgot his origins. He never forgot the men and women of America's armed services who guard our nation's safety and protect our freedom. And if he was known up on Capitol Hill as a stalwart and determined fighter for our country's defenses, if maybe Cap, they even thought you a little stubborn at times, well, that's because he was going to make sure that if our service men are ever asked to put their lives on the line to defend our country, they have the best training, equipment and support America has to offer. Yes, Cap has been the point man in the effort to rebuild our nation's defenses and he has assembled an unparalleled record of achievement. And I bet if you were to ask him what his proudest achievement was, he would say restoring morale in our armed forces and bringing back pride in our country's uniform. And Cap can take a lot of the credit for the fact that, as one base commander said to me, the young men and women coming into our military are some of the smartest, most educated, most highly motivated he had ever seen. But Cap's tenacity comes from another source as well, a recognition of the tragic reality of a world divided, a world torn between those who believe in freedom and cherish the value and dignity of each individual human soul and forces implacably hostile to those ideals. One faces that reality four square, without illusions, it produces a certain, well, clarity of vision and in 1980, to someone entrusted with the great responsibility of Secretary of Defense, it could only produce a profound sense of urgency. When Cap came to this job more than six years ago, the Navy had been permitted to dwindle from more than a thousand ships to less than five hundred. There were planes that couldn't fly for lack of spare parts, and our men and women in uniform were seeing their pay in real terms shrink while pay in the private sector rose. With Casper Weinberger at the helm, we turned that around, and today we have a military that is once again ready, able, and willing, a modern defense worthy of the leader of the free world. Since Cap we've come a long way, a long distance from 1980, but let me also promise you this, no one here is going to be resting on their laurels after you leave.  After Cap, we will remember, and we will heed the example of Cap Weinberger, just as he learned from and heeded the example of another great champion of peace through strength. I'm thinking of one particular example, one lone member of parliament in the 1930s who saw the promise of new as yet unproven technology. The members of parliament, as a member of parliament, his name was Winston Churchill, and the technology was radar. It was unworkable, unnecessary, and too expensive, said its opponents. But with the tenacity that even Cap would envy, Churchill fought the long hard political battle, and in a way, winning that battle was the true turning point of the Battle of Britain. In the end, Churchill's vision and foresight won the day for radar and helped save the day for Britain and freedom. The Secretary of Defense, Cap, has been one of the most eloquent and forceful proponents of our Strategic Defense Initiative. In the 1970s, we watched as America cut its defenses to the bone, even as the Soviets conducted a huge buildup of offensive nuclear arsenals. We know today that the Soviet Union has spent many times more on strategic defenses in the last ten years than has the United States. Cap is determined, I am determined, that we will not repeat the mistakes of the last decade. We will not unilaterally disarm in this one area or any area. SDI holds out hope of a world free from the fear of ballistic missiles. It is, as Cap likes to say, an innocent technology that threatens no one. Indeed, it's hard to see how making people's lives safer will make the world more dangerous. After so many years, it will take time for some to adjust to a world based on defenses rather than offenses. But it's my sincere belief that SDI will not only make us safer, it will in the end relieve tensions between our country and the Soviet Union and thus open up new areas of cooperation and peaceful exchange. Cap, today we say farewell. For more than two decades, I've known you as a colleague, ally and trusted advisor, but most of all as a friend. How many times in the Oval Office or in cabinet meetings have I waited to hear that patient voice, those clear, complex and perfectly fashioned sentences building resolutely to a conclusion? Always it seemed as an incontestable one. How many times, my friend, have I looked to you to find the safe harbor of principle in the stormy events of world affairs? And how many times have I found in you the stalwart commitment to freedom, that fierceness of belief in this land of ours that is the mark of a true man of peace? In another farewell address many years ago, another great patriot, Douglas MacArthur, quoted an old West Point barracks song about old soldiers. While this old soldier, Cap Weinberger, isn't going to fade away. He's leaving his official capacity as Secretary of Defense, but he can never leave his unofficial position as my trusted friend and advisor. So Cap, if it's all right with you, I'll continue to rely on your counsel. You know that I'll never be more than a phone call away. You've served your country well and this old horse cavalryman is going to take one of the privileges associated with rank. In the name of America and the American people, I salute you. Cap often has the last word and today will be no exception. So now I'm going to hand the microphone over to you, but first, Cap, there's something special here for you. I'm happy to announce that today I'm awarding you the Presidential Medal of Freedom with distinction. The citation reads, Military Officer, State Legislator, State Cabinet Member, Federal Regulatory Agency Chairman, and three-time Federal Cabinet Member, Casper Kaff W. Weinberger has in the tradition of our founding fathers dedicated his life to the service of his country. His proudest public accomplishment is the rebuilding of our country's national defenses so that the freedom we so cherish might endure. His legacy is a strong and free America and for this, and for a lifetime of selfless service, a grateful nation. Thanks him. Mr. President, I'm really quite overwhelmed. I really like that part about strategic defense much better, but this is an enormous honor and one that can come to very few people, and as I say, I am entirely overwhelmed by it. But, Mr. President, and your excellencies and very distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, thank you all very much for coming. I've always thought that service to a noble cause was actually the definition of happiness, and those of us who've had the honor to serve you, Mr. President, to serve our very great nation, have reason to feel not only privileged but blessed. We have all been engaged in the task you set before us in January of 1981, which was to restore pride in the Republic, to return government to the people, and defend liberty not with words alone, but with robust military strength and with great courage. That seems a little more than common sense, actually, but when we came to this building nearly seven years ago, we learned that common sense had actually not been ruled. It's the very feverish buildup of Soviet military power, which aimed clearly at producing an arsenal of undisputed superiority. The United States had weakened our own military through deep reductions in funding, in the hope perhaps that somehow that could soothe the nation's nerves that had been rent so far apart after Vietnam. But sadly, nothing had changed really in the world to warrant this, and the threats to our security and freedom increased annually. Our responsibilities to allies and friends could not be reduced. Our obligation to help those in need remained strong. What had changed was our resolve. Indeed, to many of us, it seemed as if our very ability to act as a great power should act, to support liberty, to deter aggression, to keep the peace was being challenged and denied by some. That decade of neglect was fed really by a rather insidious idea that somehow American power was immoral. We began by doubting the war in Vietnam, but we ended by doubting ourselves. Such doubts, of course, led to this great thirst for contrition, which seemed to justify nearly any act of self-criticism. The more guilty we could proclaim ourselves, the better we seemed to feel, and astonishing as it may seem, I remember President Ford had to fight to get Congress even to fund our withdrawal from Vietnam. The goal seemed to be that we should forget our Vietnam soldiers and sailors, marines and airmen as quickly as we could and never acknowledge their quiet heroism. And Mr. President, I well recall the first time you came to this building as president, which was in early March of 1981, and it was to present a congressional medal of honor to a remarkable soldier, and that medal had been approved some time before, but the feeling always was that somehow we couldn't keep reminding ourselves of this war. The president saw right away that the first thing he wanted to do was to remind ourselves of the enormous courage and heroism of the people who had participated in that, fully as great as the heroism that had accompanied all of our other wars. Well, that dark era is behind us, Mr. President, and it's behind us because of your leadership. Naturally I leave with profound regret this very great post that you entrusted to me just about seven years ago, but so much has been accomplished to restore our military strength and preparedness that I also leave with a very real sense of accomplishment, with deep gratitude to you and all with whom I've been deeply privileged to serve here. And I would like to mention particularly Will Taft, who's dedicated and enormously valuable efforts have benefited us all, our service secretaries whom we've seen this morning, Jack Marsh, who has served in his post as Secretary of the Army, longer than I think any other secretary, and Secretary Alrich of the Air Force, who has brought enormous skills to a number of projects classified, and otherwise they're vital for us all. And Secretary Webb, who is awaited today, ably represented by Secretary Garrett, who have presided at the Great Naval Expansion and their predecessor. These are all great people. And I also leave very firm and very content in the knowledge that with Frank Carlucci, who served here at the very beginning of your term in this great building, and Colin Powell at the White House, that we have a team that will mean that as it should, there will not even be a ripple when the change of command passes. Well, our recovery that we had to do, our recovery from neglect, our recovery really from indifference, had to attack many problems at once. That one problem stood out as the most acute. One problem above all demanded instant redress, and that was the condition of our soldiers and sailors and airmen and Marines. We had to demonstrate that our own commitment to security was equal to that of the troops. We had to give them the tools they urgently needed to do their ever more difficult task. We had to show the troops that we cared, and we had to care. And we had to do that by making dramatic improvements in their pay and their housing, their living conditions. We had to restore their faith and the support of the nation. We had to secure for them the admiration of the nation, which so rightly belongs to our troops. Well, sir, we accomplished a great deal, but the really important thing is how little our men and women ask. As you and I know, Mr. President, every time we've had a chance to visit our troops, and you've discussed it with me and I've mentioned to you, we have been struck by how much they really want to do that job and how proud they are of what they're doing. They are a very special breed of young people, and they are led by an exceptional cadre of officers and non-commissioned officers, and we are fortunate beyond all Of course, they rightly deserve the tools that are required to defend freedom and keep the peace for us. We've given them those tools. They are using them with extraordinary skill. And to have those tools available, we had to invigorate research and development efforts. We had to begin plans for new ships and aircraft and ground forces. Frequently, I was asked, when will you be done? When will the job be over? And I guess the job will be over perhaps two ways. One, if we don't care about freedom anymore. And the other, if the world changes in a way that none of us can foresee. We had to see to it, of course, that many of the systems that were on the drawing board were deployed.  We had to have new bombers and ICBMs and submarines, and some of these had been sacrificed before. For strategic and conventional systems, to mobilization, to reforms of our acquisition system, we had to regenerate America's ability to defend herself and her interests. And you, Mr. President, set us on a course that will ultimately strengthen deterrence even more, because you asked us, as you so frequently did in Sacramento, to reject the conventional wisdom. Maybe you said it isn't so wise. You asked us to make sure that our people do not have to remain always vulnerable to ballistic missiles. You asked us to join you in a bold move to study and then to deploy strategic defenses. And already, we are a long way toward that beckoning goal. Faced with predictable demands that we trade away our right to deploy defenses, which I suppose, to my mind, is one of the most dangerous ideas ever to infect our political discourse, you redouble your efforts to move our nation toward a safer world. And we, as a nation, will always be grateful to you for that. I am, of course, thankful that we have been as successful as we have, because that success can be seen and they renewed respect for the United States throughout the world, for freedoms won in Granada, for freedoms not lost in threatened lands, and for the clear support for our military that now comes from the American people. I am thankful, of course, as always, to have served under a man of your unique vision, unmovable moral courage, and a penetrating understanding of the principles and goals of our nation. And, of course, it's impossible to express our thanks to and my thanks to those of you in the Department of Defense, those of you who served and work with me and with Jane every day, those of you who are here in Washington, those of you on the ships at sea, and in the air and at every one of our military installations throughout the world. To all of you, I owe a measure of gratitude that can never properly be paid and that I can never express fully. Mr. President, some here were worried about the weather today. It's one of the things I never worried about, because I don't believe I've ever been at a public function with you, that the rain didn't hold off and possibly even the sun come out. And I think it's just one of the things that goes with being Governor of California and that you've continued that as our president. And so that is a great blessing among others that you have brought to us today. Most of all, I would like to say that I am thankful to have had the good fortune to have grown up in the freest, most prosperous, and yes, the most just society that the world has ever known. Mr. President, I am very proud to have joined with you in the service to our nation and to have participated in that noblest cause for which so many of our countrymen have given the last full measure of their devotion. So now I'd like to say thank you, goodbye, and God bless and keep all of you. Mrs. Weinberger is now being praised. Ladies and gentlemen, the Navy Sea Channels. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes the ceremony. Thank you for your attendance and enjoy the day.


Hei, wrth gwrs. I'm Vernon Adams. I mostly work designing Libre typefaces, Libre wetforms. So I'm going to talk about freedom as a technical aspect of type design. So this is a quote from Emil Ruder as the prominent Swiss graphic designer and typographer, who is one of the main components of the Swiss style, the modernist 20th century style. It's a quote from him, a classic modernist statement. Typography has one plain duty before it, and that is to convey information in writing. A printed work, which cannot be read, becomes a product without purpose. And I'm suggesting that if we take that logic into the present day, that actually Libre fonts are the most fit for purpose fonts for type setting, the kind of information and content that we're seeing more and more on the web today. So I'm suggesting that freedom has become a technical aspect of font design and that freedom of movement for a font is now just as important as qualities such as legibility, language support, cross-platform compatibility. So the kind of the big key to all this is the idea of real active text and how that is presented or how we deal with that on the internet. The idea of real active text is it's the actual text you have on the web as opposed to text presented as a bitmap image. And real text is becoming the kind of real key of the web. And why is that? For start it uses little bandwidth so it's incredibly fast compared to bitmap images and flash presentations, all this sort of thing. Real text can be searched, can be indexed, cached, mined and tagged, can be easily shared, copied, distributed, redistributed. Real text can be scaled without loss of resolution whereas a bitmap image, once you've said it in the bitmap that's it, you've got it there. Real text can be scaled. Real text can be styled dynamically using stylesheets and real text can be themed again using stylesheets. Perhaps most importantly people today are producing a lot of textual content. The solution to this came in the CSS3 standard which was a CSS rule called atFontFace. And you're probably very familiar with this. And you're probably also familiar with how it worked. So with this rule you could simply upload a real font to the web. You could call to that font from a stylesheet and you could render the text on any reader who was looking at this page, could render that text with that single font file, which was an amazing, actually simple but it was an alleluia moment for web designers, actually for everybody. But there was of course a big problem with that in that proprietary licensing was designed. Basically it was a license for single or multiple users, but not multiple users as in like everybody who was reading the page. And also font licensing, proprietary licensing very often did not allow this kind of embedding of a font in a document which atFontFace did. So quite simply a proprietary font uploaded to a web server also became easily downloaded by anyone who had no license to use that font. And as we all can imagine that was a huge problem for proprietary foundries. And that's kind of got worse over the last few years because what we're seeing more and more on the web as opposed to before when you went out and bought a book you were kind of like a passive reader. More and more everyone is becoming a publisher. Everyone is a writer, a blogger. It's like everyone has a website and everyone has readers. We all need fonts whereas before fonts were tools for professionals. Now we actually, we all need fonts. And so my response to this situation has been one example I'm going to look at is a font I designed called Oswald. So Oswald, I designed pretty much from the ground up to be a free, very easily distributed, easy to use and popular typeface. And at the time I was looking at, there's a woman from Southern California University, Joanna Blackley, who she works with media and culture and she often blogs, talks about how fashion and free culture interconnect. And this is a quote from her. She's suggesting that the way fashion works can be a lesson for the way free culture and culture in general should work more. So the idea is in fashion there's, it's acceptable to copy because there's no copyright, very little copyright in fashion. And actually that's the same with fonts. You cannot, in many, especially in the US, you cannot copyright letters, fonts. So this is her, these are kind of four virtues for her for copying in fashion design. It's democratising, it establishes trends faster, it creates an incentive to create new trends and it accelerates creative innovation. I should point out, when she's using the word copying, she's not talking about counterfeiting, she's talking about that very, what is actually very natural thing we do where we look at something which is popular and we sort of say, ah, that's something I can do too. This is what she means by copying. So with Oswald, I can see this from the ground up as a, what I would see as a very popular design. So it comes from the classic kind of 20th century Gothic sans serif faces. And I used a number of old faces from the early 20th century and sort of kind of mash them together in a way and redesign them. And there was actually a lot of design work going on in making this design suitable for the web. And one of the targets I saw was, for example, this whole phenomena which was starting up which was themes for things like WordPress. And I think Oswald, I put it together in like a week and it was Google put it up on the servers. Very quickly we started to, it got used a lot. I started to get feedback. So over a sort of like 12 month period, first sort of 12 months, its development was very much this sort of release early release often. So as feedback came, it got improved, got fixes and it got used a lot for this sort of stuff. I mean it also got picked up by the, it kind of, this was interesting for me, picked up by the Occupy movement to, as part of their sort of free toolkit, they gave out to people to make posters, which was kind of interesting. And that led me to think, well I can push this further. So this is what I actually created for the Occupy design group which was designed so they could make posters. And I sort of introduced, we started, as its popularity was obvious, we introduced new weights so we had a sort of bold and then a lighter. And that kind of accelerated its adoption and usage. So as of now, I think this is the last seven days, these are the stats for Oswald just from Google because you can now, there's several other ways to use Oswald, other servers. But this is the Google stats for the last seven days. So these are individual API pools. So Oswald gets pooled like 100 million times a day. So this is like a, yeah, almost. This is like a seven day stat, which is pretty huge. It's like the second most used web font. I think OpenSans is the most used. Oswald is the second most. And so building on that, the next few months I'm going to be bringing more improvements, more weights, Cyrillic support and probably expanded and condensed versions as well. And the point of that is that what's nice for me is this is how I conceived it. I conceived this from the start to be a very free, easy to use and popular face. And that's what it's become. Thank you very much. Thank you, Vernon. And we have like five minutes for questions first there. So I wanted to ask the notion that freeness is a technical part of design. When I hear that coming from the free software world, I think of the four freedoms that the FSF defines. And redistribution is clear how that, how freeness impacts that. And I guess the freedom to use it, which is obvious, the freedom to change it or modify it, study it and share your changes. So I guess the feedback that you get from people would probably fall under the share your changes kinds of things. I'm curious though if you've seen people actually modify Oswald and publish their own versions of that. I'm not sure there's been other versions published, but actually that's quite rare for Libre fonts anyway. Unfortunately it's not something that happens a lot. What I have had is people submitting, for example Greek or some Cyrillic character sets. And obviously just fixes or suggestions for improvements and stuff like that. The other thing that I was going to ask is on the freedom to study it, which is one of the ones that the FSF defines, is how do you see freeness or other ways as a designer you can make a font easier for people to study and learn from? Yeah, definitely. Well I think as much of the source material, whether that's files, sources, for example specimen pages that you use to study or to scan, et cetera, as much as possible makes it easier. I mean that's something I try and do as much as time permits. But others don't. Others simply make source files available. Thanks. Another question. I would like you to answer this. I'm not really worried about this myself, but the argument we hear a lot, of course with type design moving into Libra, especially moving into the web, is how then will the type industry and individual type designers make a living? Can you tell us a bit of how you survive giving your fonts for free? How I survive or how a designer survives. You yourself. Well I think, well I survive by a mixture of being paid to make Libra fonts, for example from Google, doing custom work, often customising Libra fonts for people who want an extra weight and they're often prepared to pay me to make that way. But actually that, I'm not sure that there's a huge difference in terms of making a living between people who aspire to make Libra fonts and people who aspire to sell their fonts. It's equally, you know, there's a lot of people who aspire to sell their fonts who don't sell them, for example. And I often think that they could make more money by making Libra fonts. There's evidence that that's probably true. And actually that's probably, you know, you see that now, even the larger foundries are having to respond to this by making free fonts because it simply keeps them in the spotlight, keeps them in the market. I guess I would say that you survived by getting your product out there. We do have another question. The last one I'm afraid. OK. So with your fonts, do you declare a reserved font name and require people to change the names? Sorry? If I make a different version of Oswald, can I call it Oswald 2? Good question. I'd probably ask you that, Dave, if so. I think that's, yeah, we've kind of, we've talked about this, you know, how far are people prepared to go making stuff. I'm someone who's, I have a very loose relationship to my work. So I'm kind of, if people are using Libre fonts freely and they're using the work in that way, then I'm happy for people to do pretty much any, you know, whatever they want. I think that if it was commercial, proprietary foundries taking this and trying to privatise it, then that would be an issue. But, yeah, the font name is, you know, that comes under the licensing. So I'm not sure how the open font licence is with the licensing name. Do you know that, Dave? Is that a trick question? Tell us. It is. That's what I said, isn't it? Do I take the option? Yeah, I'm happy for people to take Osworld and make an Osworld too or whatever from it. So thanks, we'll have to go on. The next speaker, thank you, Vernon.


Right, so can I just look around other questions? So let's see one two three four five six, right? We have seven questions. I can see I will start actually kept starting on this side So I'm going to this time around start on this side. Yes I'm Isaac from the access campaign and I'm also from Zimbabwe. So my question is about the presentation on the 1990 Assessment that you did It's impressive. I'm more being Zimbabwe. It's impressive that the national HIV program is doing this well I wanted to ask about the differences between the MSF supported projects What is it that MSF is doing differently that you would recommend to the national program to improve in their project to get to the Same level as MSF Thank you. I'll check a few more questions before you respond Right, so you speak into that side of the room was it yep that person go ahead. Hi, Cathy QS and to be advised as for my Question is to Jay Jay, thanks very much for that presentation that Show the results of that study that that really influenced the change in WHO guidelines So I'd like to know what you think about the risks of implementing the short regimen in Eastern Europe in your study I think less than 30% of people were eligible. They were quite strict inclusion guidelines And also you're quite strict in the follow-up and you had quite a big percentage of patients who were failures What do you think the risk is of implementing that in programmatic conditions where perhaps the That excitement of a shorter cheaper regimen might be overwhelmed the inclusion and follow-up criteria Thank you. I'll take two more and then we'll get responses. Yes, right like that. Go ahead Yes, the person with the mic Hi I'm Janet. I was in with the MSF friends. This question's for Allison the study on adolescents. I wondered if through the different discussions You had about the clinical care and adherence if there were any discussions of the adolescents Sexuality especially since the family environment seemed like it had Sigma associated with it and What the MSF counseling program did to address that since I guess adolescence is a time of emerging sexuality for HIV positive adolescents Thank you One more. Yes, the person can you pass it on to the person in front of you and then Hi, we'll get answers and then come back MSF My question is also for Allison. You mentioned that you were revising the model of care currently for the adolescent HIV program, I wondered if you could talk about what those revised Implementation models might include Because it's a it's really fascinating and really really important to support adolescents to better adhere and if if if you're intending to share some of those ideas with other MSF projects across the movement Can we have a microphone up here in front You've got one. Okay So we have two questions online one from the field which is to Jay Asking how do we plan to proceed with extending short regimen and DRTB regimes throughout other MSF national TV programs that we have to support Additionally, some countries cite high levels of resistance to canomysine and Pro-thionomide as a reason for not implementing the short regimen How can we convince them that shorter regimens would still work? And then the second question is from an epidemiologist, so I hope that you'll be able to make this Understandable for both epi's and non epi's in the audience Did you include patients lost to follow-up in your analysis? If yes, did you perform a sensitivity analysis by excluding them and seeing what the difference would be? For treatment groups on unsuccessful outcomes We can expect more loss to follow-up patients in the standard 24 months regime as Compared to the nine months regime and through a higher rate of death plus failure in the short course as compared to the standard regimen Did you look at that? That's a tough question today Right, so apologies. I'd suggest we take some responses Please keep your answers succinct so that we can take more questions We still have about 15 minutes of discussion time. So I'll start with the 1990 90 question Okay, so thank you for the question unfortunately, I Can have an answer but I think I'm not the more appropriate person to answer to that and I don't know if I can Let the power of somebody who is here who know better the sitting than me and to answer this question if it's possible There is Ellen with here and if she doesn't mind to answer for me I think she will be a more adequate of the room. Thank you, Ellen Thanks, Lauren. Thanks for presenting it. It's really exciting I just want to say a big thank to both the field teams there because they've been working so hard in those projects and regarding testing One of the things in gootoo. They've been doing for the last two three years is night testing. So going out Once a week to a kind of hot spots in terms of attracting men Although we still see lower rates of testing in men and I'd say MSF to support in more campaigns in gootoo than probably You know other national settings in terms of ART I think what's different is the differentiated models of care that are going on in gootoo in terms of keeping people in treatment So the community ART clubs fast track and so on what I think is interesting is we don't see better virological suppression Despite we think we're investing a lot in Counseling and have made sure that primary counselors are in most clinics and are trained and so on So I think that is quite interesting that really we're not seeing that impact on the virological suppression But I think Zimbabwe is is doing amazingly overall and they're also looking We have shared those experiences and looking to adopt that and some of those experiences at national level Thank you very much for that. So we have three questions for you Jay. Yeah, can you start? Yeah, so Maybe first I'll start with Kathy's question in the room Risks of the short course regimen Agree, so I think this was the background to to doing the study in Uzbekistan The the regimen that was described in Bangladesh was spectacularly successful It was a single arm observational study, but 90 percent Relapse free after one year was something new. I think for MDR TB We'd been having 50 to 60 percent success rates so I think everyone was overjoyed at that result and We felt that there was a gap in the knowledge in a country which had high rates of second-line drug resistance So that that group of patients as you know Had worse outcomes in the Balgadesh cohort So we wanted to see what effect we could find in Uzbekistan I think there are challenges and and I think when we do eventually get to kind of presenting our full data that there are some Failures in our in our study and the question is how do you manage those failures? So it MSF we've got this policy that we're pushing for access to the newer TB drugs And so we're managing those patients with those newer TB drugs and putting them on longer treatments Do I think it's the short course regimen has a role in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe? Policy at the moment suggests yes There's still obviously lots of questions about which patients would qualify exact inclusion criteria where the first-line drug resistance Would exclude patients? In our study we included people with first-line drug resistance So it found be told in parasyne amide resistance, but excluded patients with suspected or Confirmed second-line drug resistance So yeah, I think there are risks No, no one really knows And unfortunately that the randomized clinical trial does not recruit from countries with very high rates of second-line drug resistance And the last question lost the follow-up There's a second question about lost the follow-up. It's a second question about MSF pushing access to the short course regimen in collaborative programs. So To some degree, I think the answer is yes So for example in in Swaziland where another study was done using the short course regimen in high HIV prevalent setting MSF is collaborating with the Ministry of Health to roll out the short regimen. I believe nationally In Uzbekistan, we're starting to roll out the short regimen in the areas that we're working Further than that, I believe that MSF is also Conducting a study looking at the short regimen using one of the newer drugs And we're obviously fielding lots of questions from national TV programs around the uncertainties of very specific drug resistance And then the last one about the epidemiologists. Yeah, okay, so So this comes down to the second analysis that we did looking at end-of-treatment outcomes And it it's a yeah I guess it's a little bit confusing because on the one hand We looked at end-of-treatment from a 20 month regimen and tried to compare it to end-of-treatment from a nine month regimen So that the patients in the nine month group When they finish treatment, they're no longer as engaged in healthcare as the people still receiving daily treatment So the loss to follow-up rates. Yes, we did include them in the study We took quite a conservative approach to loss to follow-up in the sense that in the original protocol We we looked at microbiological results from end of end of one year follow-up Which is quite difficult and At the moment that our project team is still trying to find some patients who have moved abroad for work who who have moved out of The region to see if we can get any kind of clinical follow-up after a year of finishing treatment Sensitivity analysis. Yes, we will be doing that And also, I think Mattia's impression is that the short regimen will lead to lower rates of loss to follow-up You intuitively you think that's going to be correct, but also the patients get better quicker And treatments are not explained well enough Then you might find that people actually suddenly feel better and go back to work and a loss to follow-up from your program So it's also the pattern of loss to follow-up is something we're looking into. Thank you So I'll send if you can respond briefly to those two questions Participants in the study I think it's clear from Sexual health services that were available on specifically time Perhaps a need for more support in that area. So sexuality was beyond the scope Something that was perhaps relevant to a very small proportion of those In terms of the revised Program activities Desk and the team in the field are very much working on right now Designing that new program and drawing very much on the findings from the qualitative research We know and they're going to be Circulating and sharing that document. I'm sure internally and through MSF networks We know that that Excuse me the focus of those revised activities will be a great focus for example on peer groups Which were very much lacking in this this particular setting before Far more interventions at the family level trying to support households, especially Caregivers as well as the adolescents themselves More focus on good quality adherence counseling more advocacy for a counseling cadre and more support to counselors as Adolescents go through the disclosure process Those are the main components that we expect to see in that revised model of care. Thank you So we have another five six minutes. I'll take a limited number of questions But let me just do a count of how many so there's one holding the microphone and they're two more in the middle of the room Great. So stick to those and then get responses. Go ahead, please. Okay. Thank you all for excellent presentations My name is Minna Smith clinical epidemiologist based at the Kenya Medical Research Institute My question is directed to Matthew and Jay Excellent studies. I understand that you potentially took a more practical implementation Perspective in your research But I was wondering whether you also considered using a randomized design that might have Removed some of the limitations and help the policy change process. Thank you for that. Let's go to the next one Thank you, it's Bev Stringer again, and it's a question for Allison and I was struck similarity with results of an adherence study done in Uzbekistan and Chona Horta's probably in the room She published that study and in particular it was two results that you had which was linked to control aspects of the treatment approach Where in this particular case, you know the lack of autonomy that patients felt impacted on Their levels of adherence, but also the dialogue, you know having dialogue ongoing Improving dialogue with the health worker was another aspect and I wonder if through your lit reviews another Knowledge you have about adherence strategies, whether you are seeing Similar results across, you know diseases that require adherence, you know chronic disease And whether you think then there's a broader impact that could be had where qualitative research is Influencing adherence strategies more broadly And the last one Yeah, I've a question for Jay a hundred thousand questions. Can you introduce yourself, please? My name is Yostan Amir. I'm MSF Holland board member. I'm also evaluating the Guto project For OCB and I have a question for Allison Jay, thanks for your interesting presentation. I've also worked in Uzbekistan before by the way But that's a long time ago Did you look at in your study also to the patient experience in terms of side effects, etc. And if so, could you say something about that? And Maybe also, but that was probably not the objective of your study about more qualitative patient experience in terms of patient satisfaction For now when still on this issue of the third 19 not differing between Guto and the rest of the country I'm really sorry, but if you ask three questions, we would get time for any answers despite this despite the fact that there are Real community adherence models in Guto, which are also in the country, but more intense in the in the project Can you reflect a bit on what then the difference what why the difference might occur? Yeah, thank you very much. I'm really sorry, but we are running out of time Great, so should we start with Allison? These are Settings at least in relation to HIV whether it's adolescence or children, so it's not lessons And it's not specific to this Very very typical. I think there probably are lessons that can be drawn for Other diseases as well particularly TB in the work that Shona did it definitely speaks to those findings I'm sure TB adherence in many other settings Outside Africa whether it also speaks to the same dialogues in relation to other illnesses I'm I'm less familiar with that literature I I wouldn't be surprised and I think it would be something that we could perhaps be looking at elsewhere in terms of the dialogues that Patients are having with health workers and in relation to other diseases. Yeah Really sorry Allison, but as a TV epidemiologist, I must interject here Do we have data to show that where we have a more relaxed and Greater autonomy that we actually achieve greater adherence I think some of the practices you showed are outright wrong But the opposite of that is if we let people do as the adolescence do as they please would they take their pills Is that we have to allow people to have frank and honest discussions that they don't feel they have to hide and be ashamed and forced into some silence So when they can't take their pills for whatever reason we know the multitude of barriers when those when they face those barriers Instead of hiding from it that they can address them and speak frankly and find solutions to them. Sure. Thank you Shall we carry on? Yeah Okay, thanks for the questions. I'll keep the answers short because we're running out of time But so did we collect side effect data? Yes Absolutely, we collect it in a structured way that the comparison will be more difficult because in regular programs We don't collect kind of we don't grade side effect Information as much as we would in a study Qualitative study. Yeah, we've got a proposal for that. It's on the cards Most of the patients that were involved in this in the prospective aspect of this study Are still in the region and we still engage with them through the program so I think I think that that's one method of Convincing is the wrong word, but convinced. Yeah convincing programs to suggest that a shorter regimen is Beneficial for patients and kind of their lives Just add that there are a range of RCTs going on for this exact question and the stream trial would be reporting Hopefully very soon on on the Bangladesh your regimen Martin. Do you have anything to add? I just wanted to add I think for the study in in Maputo about PLD, I don't think there's a need to do a randomized interventional study I don't think there's actually many scientific questions about the use of PLD for Kaposi's It's standard of care and has been for decades in developed countries It's just when you take a little vial that costs three hundred and fifty dollars and you need two to three vials per round It's a cost question so MSF Negotiated hard and got a lower price per vial and now we're you know It's hoping to get better access with generic products and cheaper prices to bring it up So the the purpose of what we were doing is really as a stepping stone for advocacy and documentation show what can be done I don't think there's a scientific question necessarily needs to be answered. Thank you very much for that So unfortunately would run out of time We probably would have enough questions to go for the rest of the day in this very exciting session I'm not going to take the time to summarize each presentation because we've run out of time But please feel free to catch the speaker during the coffee break and ask your questions. Thank you very much


SCP-640 is a free-roaming sentient electromagnetic phenomenon, typically manifesting as several roughly circular spots of yellow-orange light, between 18 and 57 mm in diameter, depending on the entity's current appetite and energy level. SCP-640 has disguised itself as spots of sunlight shining on a wall, typically inside a child's room. It generally fades from view, presumably by shifting into the IR-RF range, when closely investigated. SCP-640 is carnivorous. While it is capable of deriving sustenance from all known Earth animals, SCP-640 shows a marked preference for humans and apes, especially children.