Ladies and gentlemen, the Railroad Hour. From Hollywood, here comes the star-studded show train. Tonight, your Railroads through the Association of American Railroads present, Rio Rita. In our star-studded cast, you will hear the host of our series, Gordon MacRae, and four famous guest stars, Margo, Marion Hutton, and Sweeney and March, with a great cast of Hollywood-featured players, including Alan Reed, Elvia Allman, and Paul Freese. Our choir is under the direction of Norman Lubov, and the entire production is set to the music of Carmen Dragon's Orchestra and brought to you by the American Railroads, the same railroads that bring you most of the food you eat, the clothes you wear, the fuel you wear, and all the other things you use in your daily life. And now, here is Gordon MacRae. Thank you, and good evening, ladies and gentlemen. This is Gordon MacRae helping to bring you another in-hour series of musical successes. Tonight, the Railroad Hour show train presents a show that was originally produced on Broadway by the great Florent Ziegfeld at the Ziegfeld Theater. So, let's bring up the curtain on Rio Rita, with book by Guy Bolton and Fred Thompson, and lyrics and music by Joseph McCarthy and Harry Tierney. In our performance this evening, I play the part of Jim Stewart, who falls in love with Rio Rita, played for us by Margot. Marion Hutton is Dolly, a cabaret dancer. Hal March takes the part of the lawyer Ed Lovett, and Bob Sweeney plays his client, Chick Bean. Well, in every show there's a villain, and tonight, Mr. Alan Reed plays the part of a very bad hombre named General Esteban. General Romero Joselito Tomas Miguel Armando Esteban, if you don't mind, senor. And if I am like you said, the bad hombre, maybe we have the more fun that way, eh? Anyway, you come with me to Mexico, eh? From Texas, we cross the Rio Grande and arrive pronto in the little town of San Luca, where I am headman. And where, for some strange reason, I own the Esteban Hotel, the Esteban Department Store, the Esteban Building, and the only floating nightclub in all Mexico, which is called the Club Esteban. It is getting dark pretty quick now, and I am thinking of going into the Café Esteban for my supper, when down at the end of the Avenue Esteban, there comes a bunch of those Texas Rangers approaching on horse's backs. When you're home, you're home, you're not alone, but when you belong to the Long Star Rangers, then too.   Then, without, he says one word, he gets back onto his horse and they all ride off down the street, singing, just like was a musical comedy. I go over and read the paper, and when I am finished, I notice a very beautiful girl that stands by the hotel. Then, all of a sudden, a man steps out from the dark shadows. You know who that man is? It's me. So, I grab her by the arms to keep her from making the scrams.  Bastard, you are the spitfire, Majorita. I only wish to make conversation with you. Tell me, have you seen the notice the Rangers just put up? No, what is it? It is a reward of $10,000, offered for the man who robbed the Texas State Bank of South Freeman last month. Do they know who it is? They only know he is the Kinkajou. I am not interested in the Kinkajou. See, see, you are only interested in this strange Americano, this gringo. Gringo, gringo, all the time gringo. Do you not know that my father was a gringo too? See, see, see, I know this. And I know also that you claim to be Americano. But that does not say you are half Spanish. Now tell me, what is the name of this gringo? It is none of your business. I know his name. It is Jim. What does he do here in San Luca? You know everything, so you must know that. No, that I do not know. But I am going to find out pretty quick. Me, General Romero, José Lito, Tomás Miguel Armando Esteban, and the head of this district. And I do not like the stranger which is mysterious. And me, Rita Maria Dulcinea Magui Ferguson, I do not like the people which do not like the people which I like. So I go. Wait, not before I have the kiss. Come on, let go of me. Jim, Jim. No, no, he cannot hear you now. Too long, butterball. Now back up and play nice. Jim, Jim, Jim.  You make to me the insult, eh? Insult, but butter at 90 cents a pound. So, so you are the smart Alex, eh? Okay, smart Alex, I am going to tell you something. Get out of San Luca. Hasta la vista, senorita. Think it over, gringo. Oh, Jimmy, I am afraid of that man. He can do anything in San Luca. As long as he can't make you love him, that's all I care about. Oh, Jim, you know he cannot do that. Then don't worry. In a few days I'll be through with the job that brought me down here. And then...  Only if you go with me. Oh, I want so much to see your so lovely house in Tejas. And your so lovely dog. Don't forget the so lovely river that runs along the foot of the garden. Is it nicer than the Rio Grande? Oh, no river is nicer than the Rio Grande. Do you know why? Yes, I know why. But I like to hear you tell me again. Down by the river it's silver sand. That's where now my heart's at young to be near. My lovely Rita, look at this gringo with the calf's eyes makes me very mad. So I walk away. And what do I see? Dali Smith, a girl with dances for me in my cabaret. And a man named Chick Bean, which also works for me, driving up in an automobile would say just married. I watch Dali go upstairs in a hotel with a bag. And I'm just about to go over and speak to Chick when that gringo lawyer I'd love had beat me to it. A nice bundle of thread that just went upstairs, Chick. You know her? Slightly. She's my wife. Your wife? When did you get married? About 50 minutes ago and I'm still happy. Now look, Chick, I'm your lawyer and you had no business getting married without consulting me. This Mexican divorce of yours is no good. I received this letter from your first wife's lawyers. Read it in week. Okay. She calls me a bigamist. And she's right. Of all the fools, you are the bigamist. What's a penalty for bigamy down here in Mexico? The same as it is in the United States. Two mothers-in-law. About five years in jail. Well, I'll never be able to do that long. Well, the law doesn't expect miracles, kid. Do as much as you can. Now here's the situation. Until I can get the first Mrs. Bean to accept the divorce, you and the young lady you've just married must live as far apart as the Poles. Do I have to tell her now? Yes. Who wouldn't tomorrow morning do? No. Oh, Chick. Chick, darling. Here she comes now. Be sure to tell her the honeymoon's off. See you later. Chick, who was that? Mr. Lovett, my lawyer. He's a fellow lodge member. He wants me to go on a hunting trip with him. Hunting? When? Tonight. On your wedding night, you're not going to go hunting. Well, it would be original, wouldn't it? My Chick Bean, it would be so cruel. And I'm to think things over. This is no time to think. So I go look, see what Rita is doing. And where do you think I find her, huh? In Jim's arms. She is getting too deep for you, eh? For me too. Because later I hear Rita's brother, Roberto, talking with the lawyer, Senor Lovett. Senor Lovett. Because my sister and I claim American citizenship. We have lost our rancho. I must leave here tonight so I sold all our cattle. How much did you get? $2,000 American dollars. Can you change it into Mexican money for me? Well, let's see. A dollar is worth about four pesos. That makes 8,000. Suppose I give you 5,000 pesos for it. But I lose money, Senor. Well, a fella's got to live. Take it or leave it? I take it. I hear you. Keep it in a safe place, my boy. There are dishonest men in this town. See, gracias, Senor. Gracias. Not bad, not bad. Un momento, senor Lovett. Let me see that money. Okay, Esteban. I'll hold on to what you just looked. Just like I think. Those dineros are from the state bank in Fremont, Texas. So it's from the state bank of... Hey, that's the bank the Kinkajou robbed. You don't think I'm the Kinkajou, do you, Esteban? Who cares? The Kinkajou big hero in San Luca. But be careful, senor. Do not let the rangers catch you with that money. Gosh. What am I going to do with this money? Hey, Ed, can you change some Mexican pesos into American money for me? Chick, you're a very lucky man. It just so happens that I have about $2,000 with me. Oh, thanks, pal. Here are 10,000 pesos for it. Don't mention it, pal. The pleasure was all mine. Well, this money's going to have to last me a long time, boy. It will, pal. About 15 years. The rangers. Well, let's scram out of here. I mean... Oh, well, it's too late now. Here's the old song of the ranger. What's going on here? Jim, what are you doing in a soldier's suit? I thought you were Rita's new sweetheart. Well, I'm also Captain Jim Stewart of the Texas Rangers. Wow, what do you know?  Thanks. Say, wait a minute. That money, where did you get it? Well, see you around, fellas. Hold that man. Well, what's the matter with this money? It was stolen by the Kinkajou. The Kinkajou? Well, hiya, Kinky. Oh. Oh, no, no. You can't pin that on me. I just got it from Roberto Ferguson. Read his brother. Read his brother? Sure. Then he must be the Kinkajou. Gosh, Jim, you can't arrest Rita's brother. Oh, yes, I can. Are you with me, boys? Yes! When the rangers come to town to settle up, or settle down, they're in their heyday. Because it's paid day. There's a bottle left, a joke, a heck of a night, and then you're broke because tomorrow. We'll have to borrow. We'll find this consolation when we haven't got a dime. Our job's a big vacation and a darn good time. We're all East and four long. About you'll hear them shout, you better look out for the bone star rangers. Texas way. We're all... So the curtain falls on the first act of Rio Rita. The railroad hour show train will return in just a moment. Meanwhile, just a reminder that 30 years ago this week, this coming Thursday, the guns were quieted along the western front. No one who experienced it can forget that first armistice day. So this is a week for remembrance. For remembrance of those who brought us victory in 1918, and of the other men and women who in the Second World War once more fought to preserve the things that make America free. Many of these men and women were railroaders. Some of them, the 30 odd thousand men of the military railway service, were soldier railroaders in foreign lands. They ran during the war period the railroads in 19 different countries located on four of the five great continents of the earth. Others of these railroad men served with other elements of the Transportation Corps of the Army, and with the transport services of the Navy to provide the worldwide movement of men and material and supplies so essential to victory. Still other railroaders had no connection with transportation during the war. They were soldiers, sailors, airmen in the armed services of their country. All together from the ranks of the railroads, there went into the armed services of the nation more than 350,000 men and women, an army in themselves. To them and to the millions of other Americans who were in the service of the country in the two world wars, the nation owes the grateful remembrance of which this armistice week is assembled. We return now to Rio Rita, starring Margo, Marion Hutton, Sweeney and March, and your host, Gordon MacRae. Tonight I am giving big party at my party. I am working out big plans in my mind when Dolly comes out of the house with many of my guests, all laughing and having one swell of a good party. Good evening, General. I'm glad to see you all enjoying my party. Where is Rita? You see her, Dolly? No, not since dinnertime. Ah, there is the musicians. Let's waltz, eh? Now you can't waltz to that music. That's the kinkajou they're playing. The new dance they've named in honor of that bold, bad bandit. How do you do it, Dolly? Well, the principle of the thing is don't let your left hip know what your right hip is doing. Now you watch. Then you're when you do the kinkajou. You'll dance before you think you do.  But here's the kick for you. Your one desire is to acquire each movement of this dainty dance twill thrill you through. You will entrench you when you do the kinkajou. When you do the kinkajou, you'll dance before you think you do.  But here's the kick for you. Your one desire is to acquire the kinkajou. Once more, the encore. Hey, hey, hey, take it easy, General. Your good conduct medal is sticking me. Just a minute, General Esteban. Don't forget that's my wife. Why, Chick, I didn't think you remembered. Look, Dolly, I haven't told you the truth about us. Well, what do you mean? We're married, aren't we? Well, that's just it, honey. You heard about the secret society of the poison fang, haven't you? No, but I gotta sneak and hunch I'm gonna. I'm an honorary member, baby, and honorary members aren't allowed to marry until they get permission from the head tiger. Oh, they're not, huh? Well, who is the head tiger? My lawyer, Ed Lovett. Well, then let me at him. Where is he? Looking for someone? Who are you? Your husband's lawyer, Ed Lovett. So you're the... Hey! Hold that tiger. Hey! Hold that tiger. Tiger, what is this? Chick, have you been lying to this lovely girl? Haven't you told her yet that you have another wife? No, you're just a fight promoter. Dolly's just as mad as hop. Now you gotta do something. I already have. I talked to your first wife, Katie, on the phone, and she's coming down here. Oh, trouble's enough. Don't get all excited. She won't be here for two days. Oh, that's just dandy. Gosh. Funny the fuss they make about a little wedding. Just a few words mumbled in the church, and you're married. Yeah. Just a few words mumbled in your sleep, and you're divorced. I get tired listening to these people argue, so when I see Rita coming into other end of patio, I hurry over to meet her. Where is Jim, General Esteban? You said in the note you sent me that Jim wishes to see me. I think perhaps he does wish to see you, but not here. I'm going. Now, Rita, wait. I want to tell you something about your gringo friend. I do not wish to hear it. Get out of my way. General Esteban, I want to talk to you. Go ahead.  In this town, we do not bother with the search warrant when we deal with the suspicious character. Captain Stewart? Captain Stewart? See, my Rita, your friend, he is captain of the Texas Rangers. Jim, is this true? Yes, Rita. Listen, Captain Stewart, I have always pride myself that I am the good host, and since you are in my patio, I treat you like the guest. But if you do not leave in the five minutes... What will you do? I go to give the audience now to shoot you. Adios, Sid. Go, Jim, please. I can't, Rita. I'm looking for someone. Who? I can't tell you yet. But remember, Rita, no matter what happens, I love you. Oh, no, you mustn't, Jim, please. There are too many people. You mustn't make love to me. Well, then let's waltz. Waltz? Yes. That way I can at least hold you in my arms. Okay, let's waltz. If you're in love, you'll waltz. You're wonderful in your arms. I could waltz forever. Not forever, Rita. Remember, you promised someday that...  Oh, let me hold you closer, Rita. I see Rita in Jim's arms again. But I am very cool when I say... Rita, I cannot see you made the fool of by a gringo. How did he make the fool of me? This gringo. He is after your brother. I do not believe it. Ask it. Jim, is it true? Yes, Rita, your brother is the kinkajou. The kinkajou? Oh, now I know you make the silly jokes. He made the love to you, my Rita, so it can help him to get your brother. You lie. I prove it to you. Captain Stewart, if you wish to catch the kinkajou, you better make the hurry, because he is getting ready to run away. Where is he? At his ranch. Jim! I'm sorry, Rita. Jim! Why did I told you? Let go of me. Wait, Rita, do you love him more than your brother? No, no, I hate him. But I must keep him from taking Roberto. Do not make the worry, my Rita. Roberto is safe. Where is he? Inside, in my private office. Oh. And Jim will never bother you again. My soldados will take care of him. Soldados! Soldados! Shoot the gringo who is just leaving. No, no, no. Get out of their way, Rita. No, no! Fire, soldados! Fire! I will not let you! I will not let you! You forced the guns up, so they couldn't shoot straight. Jim! Jim! Oh, you have killed him. Rita, I'd like to point out that the 30 years since the armistice of November 11th, 1918, which brought to an end the hostilities of the First World War, have seen amazing developments in every department of life. And in no field have there been more new developments or greater progress than in the field of transportation. This is true of transportation on the highways, on the water, in the air, and on the rails. Between the end of the First World War and the beginning of the second, the railroads of the United States spent an average of $500 million a year on the improvement of their plant and facilities. Much of the improvement was on dramatic, straightening out curves, cutting down grades, putting in better signals or communications, improving shop machinery and practices, as well as building and buying new and better engines and cars. But when the great test of the Second World War came, these undramatic improvements made and continued year after year, paid off for the nation. For despite all the other developments, and even after all the billions of public funds which had been spent on other ways of transportation, when emergency came, it was to its railroads that the nation turned. It was the railroads which carried 90% of the war freight and 97% of the organized military travel. And nothing has happened since the war, which in any way diminishes the importance, indeed the absolute necessity of maintaining in full force and vigor these railroads which in time of peace are essential to commerce and in time of war are vital to victory. Our show train will return in just a moment after a brief pause for station identification. Welcome back to Rio Rita, starring Margot, Marion Hutton, Sweeney and March, and your host, Gordon McRae. In the days they go by and I see no sign of Captain Jim Stewart. Meanwhile I keep Roberto out of sight of the club Esteban, which is the floating nightclub I own and the Rio Grande. By this time I am so sick of the women that when I see a gringo dame coming up the gangplank, I make the quick duck. So when she speaks to the lawyer, I love it, I am happy, because she is not so good looking anyways. I'm looking for a gentleman by the name of Lovett. They told me at the hotel that he was here at the club Esteban. Madam, you have the honor to be speaking to that broad-shouldered, irresistible chap right now. Well, I'm Mrs. Bean. Oh, you're the first Mrs. Bean. In other words, you're the...as-bean. Mr. Lovett, I am not going to let Chip put anything over on me. Now Mrs. Bean, I suggest that you make arrangements to collect alimony from Chip and then go back home. I don't want alimony, Mr. Lovett. My uncle just died and left me three million dollars. What? How much? In the neighborhood of three million. That's my favorite neighborhood. Step right into my office.   Don't you know you have charm? Three million charms? Listen, sugar, just what advice did your lawyer give you before you came down here? He told me to say no to everything. Sounds like a very wise man, baby. Do you mind if I put my arm around your waist? No. Baby, you and I are going to have a lot of fun. If you're on the level about this, do you mind if I... Oh, she'd love it in some woman. Yeah, isn't she a frump? Oh, good gosh, it's my wife. Hello, Katie. How are you? This is Dolly. My future will meet my past. Well, my dear, you certainly know a good thing when somebody else has it. Do you want him back? No, you can have him. Oh, thank you, Katie.  Oh, wait a minute, he may be a runt, but he's not insignificant. Oh, thank you, Dolly. Miss Bean, there's something I want to ask you. Yes? How would you like to see your name on my tombstone? Will you take good care of me? And how? You don't realize how valuable you are to me. You certainly are. And it isn't the three million I'm thinking about either. I'd love you if you only had two million. Not as much, but very nearly. They're firing at somebody. Look, it's Jim Stewart. He's headed this way. Rita, where's Rita? I've got to see her. Okay, Jim, we'll find her for you. Dolly, you wait here. Oh, you're crazy, Jim, to risk your neck like this. Well, that's the way it is, Dolly, when you fall in love. Why don't you practice my philosophy? Well, what is it? Well, when things look darkest for me, I just keep singing. I sing after sunshine. Someday one ray may have changed my way. You've got something there, Dolly. Well, now you try it yourself and see how much better you feel. I'll spend my day in the sunshine. Someday one ray may have... And sure enough, she does. I have them all trapped now. So I begin to carry out my plans while they talk. Jim, oh, Jim. Rita, Rita, Dolly. There are many soldiers here tonight.  You must go quickly. Not till you tell me you love me. I love you, Jim.  Oh, Jim, he knows you're here. They will catch you. You cannot get away. I've not looked yet, darling, and I've got an idea. Look, try and keep Esteban busy for a couple of minutes. I'll be right back. Rita, have you seen the gringo? One of my men told me they see him come aboard these bars. Then why you do not ask your man where he is? Because I am asking you. Have you seen him? Tell me.   To take the pokes at me? Lopez, shoot this Roberto. He is the king casual. That is not so, Esteban. It is so if I say it is so, it is so. Shoot him, Lopez. Hold it, hold it. You can't shoot that man. Ah, the gringo. He shows himself. Shoot him, too, Lopez. I'd recall that order if I were you, Esteban. You are telling me what to do. I am the head man of this district. I do what I please. You're not the head man of this district, General. You're in Texas now. That's right, I cut the cables and this bar just drifted across the river. We're in Texas. He is right. This is Texas, and here come the Rangers. Don't try to get away, Roberto. You're under arrest. So it was for this you came back? Oh, I despise you.  Rita, let me explain. Do not speak to me. Not now. Esteban. What do you want, gringo? I want you, General Esteban. You're under arrest. Arrest me? You make the talk like the crazy one. I don't think the judge will think I'm crazy, Esteban. When I show him the proof that you are the Kinkajou. Kinkajou? Jimmy. Jimmy, is this true? Yes, Rita. Esteban is the Kinkajou. I had to pretend that I thought it was your brother in order to get the proof against him. Arrest him, men. You cannot do this to me. No. No, it cannot be did. Not to me, General Romero Joselito. What? Well, maybe it can. Come, men. Take him away. Well, anyways, I gave the nice horseback ride out of it. But I have fun.   Oh, you did, eh? Okay. Well, they will not hold me long because the courthouse where they take me is named Esteban Courthouse. And I am very familiar with the judge who is my cousin, Pablo Esteban Jr. And maybe I still win Rita too because you know who rides with me by my side out of Rita's reach? Listen. This is Gordon McQuay giving a special photo thanks to our four guest stars this evening, Margo, Ryan Hutton, and Sweeney and Marge. And to the other members of tonight's cast for their fine performance in our production of Riorito, which was adapted for radio by Ed Gardner. Well, next week our star-studded show train will arrive on the same tracks and at the same time. On board will be Dorothy Kirsten, Lucille Norman, and Frances X Bushman to join me in bringing you Rudolph Frimmel's famous Vagabond King with our chorus under the direction of Norman Luboff and the music arranged and conducted by Carmen Dragon. Well, it looks as though ready to pull out. So, until next week, goodbye. And remember, during the coming week as always, the American Railroad will provide for you the dependable low-cost transportation which is so essential to the American way of living.


We've been really happy with the fact that people who start this program finish it. We have very little absenteeism, so in other words the load is not too heavy, but certainly they walk away with a lot of materials and a lot of ideas and a lot of scholarship. And the expectation is for teachers to attend obviously all of these sessions and participate in our rigorous evaluation program which we have, as well as to produce a lesson plan using some of the content that they have learned and a primary source. These lesson plans are then posted on our local blackboard site for our teachers to share and so they can then see the implementation of it. And I think it's important to note that on our pre and post evaluations of teachers and kids in this program we saw by far the greatest gain amongst our K-3 teachers because admittedly they didn't have that background so they tend to learn very quickly. Within a school it's, even though other teachers, other grade levels may be teaching different content, it's that pedagogy and the historical thinking, well if they can do that in second grade I can do that in third grade or I can do that in fourth grade. And the kids are starting to demand it too because the kids are starting to say well last year we did such and such and so we're starting to see that ripple effect as well which is really neat to see and the confidence level of the teachers because they can go beyond what our state document requires which is pretty detailed in terms of content and really to me putting the story back in history and we all know that given the story and the relevance of those stories it can be much more motivating and engaging for kids. And I have to say to be straight up they desperately need the resources in those classrooms. There are very few of them every time I was out with teachers they were spending every dime they'd ever earned buying things for their classrooms so if we were able to give them some of the tools, the objects, recreate colonial games and those kinds of things teach the letters with a colonial doll in the way that they used to teach them in colonial times that's something that's deeply appreciated by them and I think it's a little bit of a give back to them to give them those tools that they really need. So we gave as part of the grant each of these primary teachers received an artifact box with a lot of these objects in it that they would then take back to their classroom. The primary teachers really appreciate the information to go back to their schools to say I'm not taking time away from no child left behind to subject. I am in fact using history to teach literacy. I am teaching reading through nonfiction and frankly kids prefer nonfiction. They want to know it's a true story. They want to know history. I didn't have to recruit at all K-3 they recruited each other they had set up after school specials to pull people in to say this is what I got this is what I did this is why I loved it and they were always full of those groups.


se always helps to stimulate the part of the nervous system that induces calmness and relaxation. So that's always very useful, very simple breathing exercises like take a breath in and a long breath out, maybe do 10 or 15 of them in the last couple of hours before your bedtime. So have a routine and try not to see it as a burden instead make it part of your daily evening routine. I mentioned the smart devices a little earlier in terms of, you know, maybe the higher end ones, your Apple watches or your Samsung watches. Nothing will replace in terms of a diagnostic tool of seeing an expert like yourself, but in terms of monitoring, the ongoing monitoring of your quality of sleep, do you see them as accurate or are they useful? I think there's, in certain situations, they are useful, but you know, we have become quite obsessed with the data that we get from all these devices and we have that tendency to perfect our sleep based on the data and it's even a condition. And it's something that we need to be careful about. It's a very crude way of measuring your sleep or monitoring your sleep. It's very non-investive. You're not looking at your brain activity. You're looking at your body movement to find out whether you're asleep or awake or whether you're in deep sleep or light sleep. So take it with a pinch of salt if you're sleeping well and if you're feeling well during the daytime, I think that is enough. We don't need to too closely monitor it using these handheld wrist devices. I call it says, what's it about me being awake from 3 to 5 a.m. every day no matter what I do? I've stopped eating and drinking at 7 p.m., but it's made no difference. I've tried breathing and while that helps a little, it's still a struggle. So they go to sleep in the knowledge that they're going to wake up between 3 and 5 and I think even in that in itself is not helpful, but what could they be doing, I wonder? Yes, so if you wake up at any time at night from sleep and if you're taking 30 minutes or longer to fall back asleep and if that's happening three nights a week is generally what we call sleep maintenance in Sonia. And over time we can get condition to do that as well. So we need to look at basically actual thought process that's happening when the person wakes up at night. Are they having a meeting with themselves? Are they planning the day ahead or the thinking about things that they have to do the next day? And all of those factors can cause the hypervigilance and keep them awake at night. So when you wake up at night, if you're not able to fall back asleep in about 20 minutes or 30 minutes without looking at the clock at the first sign of frustration, get up and leave your bedroom for half an hour and then you come back and start again, try and do that. It just gives you a new opportunity to fall asleep when you come back in half an hour and also reduces your anxiety about not being able to return to sleep. It can help most of the times. Also, the journaling is a very useful tool to plan your day ahead and not do that meeting with yourself at three in the morning. Yeah, we can do these triggers. I've found for a period, it comes from time to time, where I'll wake up at five and then instantly I'll get my phone. And then I found myself waking up at almost precisely the same time. I thought, ah, stop this, take my phone out again. And then I stopped reaching for my phone at that time and then over the course of the following two or three days I stopped waking up at that time. Like was I emotionally or physically triggering that wake up and did the action I take help to normalize my sleep again? That's a question, that's what happened to me, by the way, it's not a listeners question, but I just wondered was that useful? Yeah, I think it is possible. We're kind of looking for something to feed our brain with at five in the morning and can get conditioned to that as well, like maybe get conditioned to a lot of different things. I think, I mean, it's always a good idea to put one of the other, I said to your alarm at four, put the phone at the other end of the room and you wake up and then you have to get up to go and turn the alarm off, you know. Yeah, so it's mostly it's morning type people who would have that early morning awakening and couple that with anxiety, then it causes further awakenings earlier. For sure. I don't go to bed until two or three a.m. and I get up then around 12, midday or one. Is this type of sleep pattern okay? That might be work related or whatever. I don't know, but are you getting good sleep between three a.m. and one p.m.? I think we have to look at, is that a compulsion or is that a choice that people make? Sometimes we can have a slightly delayed body clock where we don't feel sleepy at 11 p.m., which is kind of a socially acceptable bedtime. Instead, the person can only sleep at two or three in the morning and can't sleep until 12, whereas the socially acceptable wait time would be around seven or eight for most of us. So that's, you know, if you look at it, we have three clocks in our daily life. One is the sun clock, which determines the day and night cycle. The second is the three clock, which is linked to the sun clock. And then we have the social clock, which is clock on the wall or the clock on the wrist. So there is a misalignment. So when someone wakes up at 12 consistently most mornings, that becomes the morning time for them and they can't initiate sleep at 11 or 11.30 at night. Instead, they will have to have enough wait periods so their sleep would only happen at two or three in the morning. So that's not helpful in general. There's a lot of studies that have mentioned it, that there are certain physical and mental health consequences in those situations. So I think it is something for the person to look into and speak to somebody to make adjustments on how we can advance the bedtime and wait time. Just time for a couple of more questions. Thanks for your time, of course. When I go to bed, it takes me about two hours to go to sleep. And it takes my wife about five minutes. Even if I'm tired when I go to bed, it's still the same. Can't get off to sleep. Okay. Yeah, and that's what we call sleep-onsidanceomnia. If we take again 30 minutes or longer to fall asleep and if that's happening three nights a week, that's generally what we call sleep-onsidanceomnia. If it's only a few weeks, it's acute. And if it's over three months, it's becoming more chronic. Generally, insomnia is perpetuated by two factors. One is unhelpful behavior associated sleep. And the second is dysfunctional beliefs that we keep about sleep, which leads to anxiety about sleep itself. So we need to look at what are the sleep habits that the person is keeping and also what are the beliefs that he's keeping about sleep, is he anxious about sleep? Is he worrying about his energy levels the next day or health led to consequences in the long run? And different factors like that too. And then you're trying to address that to see whether we can fall asleep quicker. So essentially it's about finding the balance between sleepiness and relaxation. We want to feel sleepy, but we also want to feel relaxed when we are in bed closer to or closer to our bed time. Yeah, I think the relaxation thing is the relaxation things are really crucial, isn't it? I mean, wanting to go to sleep and being able to go to sleep probably are two separate things. And you want them to be able to align. A couple of questions on napping. And the driver safety advice here is if you're tired, if you're tired, take a 15 minute nap and continue your journey then. That is... Is there value to that? There is value to that. If you're feeling tired, definitely take a 15, stop and take a 10 or 15 minute nap and then continue. It is proven to improve alertness levels, particularly in the afternoon between two and four is what we call a slump period. We have two periods of extreme tiredness in 24 hours. The first one is between two and five in the morning. It's what we call the window of circadian low. And there's a second that's between two and five in the afternoon. And we do generally feel a little bit more tired than at other times of the day. So particularly useful if you're driving during that time to stop, have a cup of tea or coffee if you need to and then take a 15 minute snap and then continue with your journey. And a few questions coming into about night shifts, working nights, sleeping during the day and continental shifts where you're sleeping, sometimes you work nights, sometimes you work days. I mean, as a sleep specialist, I don't know what advice you could give someone like that because the body's been thrown left, right and center up and down different days of the week and what have you. But anyway, can you unravel that for us? And anyway, what is your advice for people with those sleep patterns? Yeah, a couple of tips would be to, instead of trying to switch to 12 hours in one go after the first night shift, try and delay your bedtime leading up to your night shift. So if you've been on dayshifts or days off, start going to bed slightly later, maybe an hour or two later for the three nights before you start the night shift. So you have partially and wake up later as well. So you're partially corrected for the delay in your sleep time. And then when you start night shift, when you come back home after the first night shift, you would only have to correct for the next three or four or five hours, right? So, and also try and reshape the pattern of your light exposure. Reduce the light exposure in the last couple of hours of your shift, if you can, if your work allows to do that. Or at least after finishing the night shift, try and avoid bright light exposure. Try not to use your phone or we have spring and summer out of us. So try and avoid bright light exposure, ask me if you can, try not to take your dog out for a walk when you get home in the morning and try not to exercise before your bedtime.  So just be careful with those things. So again, it's all about reshaping the pattern of light exposure and avoiding bright light. Last question. I've been a very bad sleeper for a few weeks now. I'm lucky if I get three or four hours sleep at night. I can't take any night-all tablets because they give me restless leg and arms. I'm 56 and then I wake up when I do sleep. I wake up with headaches every morning. That's an awful lot going on in there and I'm not sure maybe it's all sleep associated. Yeah, I think you should... Yeah, I think the person should speak to his GP. If you can at all and find out what are the treatment modalities available. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is the first-line treatment for insomnia, which is what we offer in the sleep therapy clinic, which is a very successful, validated, non-medication method to treat specificities like insomnia. All right, and do you put any weight into alternative or natural remedies that people can consume before sleep to help calm them? Because I think even if maybe it doesn't actually have an effect, perhaps the placebo effect might help people in falling asleep. I'm not suggesting they don't work, don't get me wrong. But do you subscribe to any natural remedies to assist in people falling asleep? Well, it is not part of cognitive behavioural therapy. But if somebody is having a cup of chamomile tea before their bedtime and if that helps them... If it works, it works. ...and get a good night's sleep. If it works, it works. I think what we need to be careful about is to make sure that it doesn't become a safe behavior. When someone starts to believe that I have to have a chamomile tea for me to get a good night's sleep tonight, and that causes problems. That's not constructively the rest of the world. I get you. Right, OK, it's kind of a sticking plaster when you want to heal the wound. OK, listen, thank you so much for your time, Marty. It's been really good. If anyone wants any more information, I'm presuming they can search out the Sleep Clinic and they'll find out more there. Marty Verges of the Sleep Clinic, thank you so much for joining us. We really do appreciate it. And I have a lovely... I don't know who thought it was a good idea to have World Sleep Day in St Patrick's Day in Ireland, but anyway, we'll get through it. All right, take care. Thank you so very much indeed. Bye-bye. All right, 08.6, 60, 25,000. I got through 90% of those messages and questions. My apologies if we just didn't have time for yours. Watch the show live now on YouTube, Facebook and at HighlandRadio.com. This week's 9-Til Nun Show was brought to you by St Mary's GA Convoy Club Development Draw. Win 50,000 for 50 euro. Draw takes place 17th of March. Get your ticket now at stmarysgadraw.ie. Transform your home with a visit to McGillie's furniture letter, Kenny, located at the Port Link Business Park just off the Port Road. You'll find a huge selection of top quality suites, beds and mattresses, also slide robes and custom-made dining and occasional furniture, with prices to suit every budget. 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We're the best in thousands of Euro. Plus five grand, spending money. Get your ticket now at highlandradio.com. Answer the question and start packing. Start packing. Draw takes place Thursday 6th of April on The Nine Till Noon Show. Start planning your ultimate getaway, only on Highland Radio. Ooh. Business Matters in association with the ATU Donegal Faculty of Business. Are you a senior manager in the private sector looking to reinforce your leadership skills? ATU are offering a level nine executive MBS in leadership and innovation based around action learning, starting late April. Take the next step in your career and contact the Exec Ed Coordinator on 9186206 today or email donald.hanigan at atu.ie. OK, it is Wednesday, so it's another round of business news and a preview of the Business Matters podcast from Highland Radio, which is available for you now. We'll talk about how you can listen to it on the radio a little later on. But let's begin by welcoming back onto the programme, Kieran O'Donnell, good morning presenter of Business Matters. Good morning, Greg. Thanks for calling in again, Kieran. I enjoyed your discussion of its sleep there. Yeah, you were saying you were a bit of a night owl. I will let the bed earlier and getting up earlier, but a bit of a night owl. And did you ever try, because of, say, you know, going for a run and seeing if you sleep after that or getting up early and going for a run and seeing if that impacts the evening times? If you were running earlier or wouldn't run earlier in the morning with a group, I would sort of discipline myself to get the bed up at the earlier, but if you hadn't got up early, you'd have to go to bed early. So you can do it if you have to. Correct. Oh, that's OK. So it sounds like a choice key rather than a... Of all choices, Greg? Life's a bit of a choice. Come here, talk to us about this chamber network that's taking place. Yeah, literally, I can't eat chamber of commerce and Lenra, Lichard, Kennan are coming up this afternoon for a business network event at between 12 noon and 2 p.m. The event is being held at the offices of Lenra, Lichard, Kennan at 7 Castle Street. That's a top of the church, just below the cathedral. And I've been told tea, coffee and traybakes are an offer, Greg, as well as information about promoting Irish and businesses. So you can go and get a cup of tea, Greg, and push up in your Irish. Yeah, and particularly as we move into the tourism season and also just generally the use of the language. And I've spoken to Lenra a few times on this, the organisation, it is an advantage. It's not a disadvantage. It is an advantage to your business. So that's a real worthwhile event. That's this afternoon between noon and 2 p.m. Just 12 to 2 p.m. All right, OK, still 22 minutes before it kicks off. Good news in terms of the provision of housing around Letter County? Yeah, planning permission has been granted for a major housing development in the Rookinay. Development at Glencare contains 82 houses and two apartment blocks of eight apartments. Permission has also been granted for a purpose-designed 11,000 square foot childcare facility for an existing childcare provider in the area to cater for up to 150 children. All right, good stuff. That's Repair Grant Scheme is open for applications now. Yeah, this is Donegal County Council's award-winning That's Repair Grant Scheme, Greg, that you've referred to. And it's now in its fifth year, the scheme assists the owners and occupiers of this dwellings and businesses with their maintenance and repair. And now all we need is people to be helped with ensuring them so that, you know, people can get house insurance. It's crazy at the moment. It has been for some time and people are potentially getting rid of the thatch for a traditional... Well, you would think if there's going to be a scheme to encourage people to retain it, you would think that the scheme would also include an insurance policy to make sure that everything's OK with it. No, I'm not quite sure it's in the gift of the council, definitely on a statewide basis. I'm aware of... We feature someone in the past who did business and they had a problem with insurance because of the theft roof, so... Something's not telling. All right, exactly. It just doesn't make sense. I mean, it's great to retain them. It's great to give people an opportunity to repair them and it keeps people who are skilled in that business in work, but it also keeps these beautiful buildings dotted around our landscape, but people need to be able to ensure them as well. Right, OK, local distillery owner over in the US of Grey. Yeah, the Managing Director of Slee League Distillers, James Daherty, is in Washington, where he's leading up a delegation from the Irish-Whitskey Association with government officials and Congress members. James is chairman of the Irish-Whitskey Association and joined colleagues from the Distilled Spirits Council of the US for a meeting in the White House with senior administration officials, and they discussed whisky protection, transatlantic trade, and the all-island economy. That good stuff. I think was the sort of reprisal tax on whisky dropped recently. Do you remember there was a bit of a trade war and I think tax went on butter and whisky? I wonder, has that eased, or was there any representations made in that regard? Maybe I'm misquoting. I shall Google as you tell us about the White House. Maybe tell us about the festival programme. What's this about? Yeah, the closing date for applications for funding under the regional festival and participative events programme for 2023 is tomorrow, Thursday, March the 16th. And just to note, Greg, Ardra Wacom Festival gets underway this Friday and runs through until Sunday and you can check out ardra.ie for more information on that event. All right, thanks very much, Kieran. That's a run through some of the news that is happening out there. Let's talk about this week's podcast now. Yeah, on this week's show, Greg, I will be joined by the CEO of the Harris-Tweed Authority, Lorna Macaulay, and the owner of the Donegal Local Enterprise Office Student Enterprise programme for 2023, Mateus Ulish. So Greg, in April of last year, Donegal ETB launched the country's first-ever certified weaving programme and while developing, the initiative Donegal ETB was given great support and assistance from the CEO of Harris-Tweed Authority, Lorna Macaulay. Lorna visited Donegal last week and spoke at a number of Donegal Local Enterprise events. She also called to the training centre in Kilkear where she met the newest intake of participants on the certified weaving programme. In this clip, she talks about the similarities between the Harris-Tweed industry and Donegal weaving. You can see an awful lot of similarities between the Harris-Tweed industry and Donegal weaving in particular, not just the kind of production methods, but you know, our geography, our challenges, lack of people, distance. But I also, there is a sincerity and an integrity and I picked up yesterday a real feeling that it's important to the people that this thing carries on here and grows and continues for the next generation and that's what's worked for us. All right, Ciaran, you have a second guest on this week too. Yeah. Yeah, the county finance of the Donegal Local Enterprise office student enterprise programme were held in the Clenery Hotel last Wednesday as part of Donegal Enterprise Week. Mateus Ulis, a TY student at Eregal College, was announced as the overall winner after his business venture, Local Lino Art, which produces handmade lino prints, got the nod from the judges. In this clip, Mateus recalls the market research process that had been carried out before bringing his one-ing product to market. Yeah, there were two stages of market research for secondary market research on the internet and then primary research with mostly adults in my social environment and teachers in the school. And what sort of feedback did you get, Mateus? The feedback on the first day was amazing. I had three of my prototypes and showed them to my teachers and the feedback was just overwhelming. I already got a few pre-orders and I would say this was one of the key moments to get me through this competition. Good stuff. We wish him all the success in the future. The full interviews are available on the website right now as part of that podcast, highlandradio.com or on Spotify or iTunes. And people can listen to the show on air as well, of course. Kieran? Yeah, Sunday evening, Greg, after the 6 o'clock news. And what if someone wants to get in touch with you? Just drop an email, please. BusinessMatters at highlandradio.com. All right, Kieran, listen, thank you so much. You're welcome, Greg. Just to remind everyone, if you want to listen to those podcasts now, the back catalogue is there as well. It's on our website, highlandradio.com. You can hear those full interviews. Interesting show as always. I am absolutely sure. All right, back with more shortly. This week's 9 till noon show was brought to you by Sid Mary's GA Convoy Club Development Draw. Win 50,000 for 50 euro. Draw takes place 17th of March. Get your ticket now at SidMary's gadraw.ie. Supervalue makes saving money as easy as... 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OK, so it's going to become wet through the afternoon and into the evening with poor driving conditions if you're out in the roads, temperatures of two to five degrees in fresh and gusty southerly winds. Now, we learned this week that car parking charges at the new National Children's Hospital will be capped at a maximum of 10 euro per day. The plan's outlined in new tender documents relating to the planned multi-billion euro facility on the site of St James Hospital in Dublin. Hospital car park charges have been contentious issue for a number of years in the way that's phrased, and I'm only reading from an article, it's phrased as if to say it's like great news, capped at a 10 euro a day, which for a lot of people that will be it, so five days a week, 50 quid a week, multiply that by four and so on and so forth. Want to get some reaction to this, and I want to welcome on to the programme now Aaron Daly, whose daughter has been in the children's hospital system for her whole life, 17 years, she's 17 now. Aaron, thanks for joining us. We do appreciate your time today. How are you doing? All right, I'm doing good.  Yeah, unfortunately, and we spoke before about the location and the impracticalities of Pugnut and the city centre, and that's especially relevant for families in the Northwest or anywhere outside of Dublin that will have to travel down, but families like us that have been using now, my daughter, Sophia, has been using the hospital since she was five days old and she's now 17, and for as long as we can remember, if you go to Temple Street, there's no axle care park you're on street parking. If you go to Cromland, there's a tiny 200 space care park that you can never get in there, and you know, there's lines of cars outside all the time, it's, you know, if you're going to hospital with your sick child, then the whole point is that you try and make it as less stressful as possible, and with the announcement, we all know that we need a new children's hospital, but with the announcement of the city centre, there were concerns about basic things like parking from the minute that it was announced, but we were assured from the start, listen, there's a thousand spaces, it'll be fine, so as time goes on, now the hospital was supposed to open up in 2020, we're now looking at 2025, and now they've announced that they're putting out this contract for a private contractor to give them a 30-year lease with concessions, which means that they nearly pay them the look after the care park, and this company will be making a profit out of it. Now, it says that it's kept at 10 euros per day, but that's not much, that's good when you look at families like ours, like we have a friend at the moment who's on week 10 in Cromland, they're not airing in, they're in Cromland, actually everything in the hospital is very much more expensive because for years, they used to tap up salaries and that's from commercial activities in the hospital. So I guess that the main point is that, who's worse off here? It's the people visiting the hospital. And as you say, the car park is being run as a business, there's no other way to describe it. It's being run as a business and if you look at it, why wouldn't CHI Ireland run it themselves with any profits that are made, look after the people that are coming, Freed Park and whatever, whatever costs that are involved and whatever profits are made, reinvest it back in our hospital or Ronald McDonald House or services for families that are actually going to be there. I'm not pitching staff against families, for example, but staff will have free car parking and the majority of spaces are reserved for staff. And that, yeah. The numbers for staff, there's going to be a couple of thousand staff, if not twice that working there every day, they only have 340 spaces for staff, they only actually have 350 bikes spaces. So, you know, like a few three or 4,000 people working in a hospital in City Centre, like where are all these people going to park? Never mind the fact that the hospital is actually built on top of a multi-story car park. We've all seen pictures of problems with fires and that's like the whole thing's madness. So I just want to recap this, Aaron, because this is something that if you're not affected by it, you might not realise it. With everything that you've went through in caring for your daughter, taking her to and fro a front hospital, the emotional pressure that puts on the whole family, you worried for your daughter in the next visit and what might come from that, you shouldn't be worrying about where the cars parked. But the reality of is that this has, throughout this whole 17 years, parking your car, because in the first instance too, we have to often travel great distances to get to the hospital in the first place. But parking your car is an actual really, really significant added stress over the course of those 17 years. It's not an annoyance or, ah, get over it. It's actually a serious problem. Where to park the car? How to afford to park the car? Wendy Lee, you know, you probably have little tips and tricks about when to leave and arrive and... We're lucky. We're married and we have this system now that we go to Cumberland. The two of us go. So I basically drop in the nearest street that we can get wherever the queue starts for the car park. I drop Sophia and Joan off on the street and they walk in and then I join the queue and I might be an hour or an hour and a half trying to find car parking. Often, by the time I have car parking, their appointment's done and they're coming out to meet me somewhere, you know? So, and that's, and we have a disability badge for the car because Sophia is a wheelchair user. So it's, look, it is stress and the expense, the expense of families when they go to hospital. Like, you're often there alone, your family members come in, you know? What I thought the whole point of children's health was they make things easier. They take off a little stress from families. They maybe even make it easy for them to get to hospital and make the experience better. The last thing you want is a private car park company. And actually, it's funny because it says on the article that went out yesterday that it's capped at 10 euros per day, but that's going to be a benchmark yearly against city-centred car park rates. Which we know what all that means. You know, we know what it means. Like, get it over the line at 10 euro a day, which when we say the max, that's what it's going to be. And then we know what's going to happen next. Presumably, it's almost like a separate issue, is it? Because your daughter now moving from the children's hospital system into the adults hospital system. How big of a heave is that for her primarily, but for the rest of you as well in terms of the continuity of treatment? Well, from day one, we were told, you know, the new children's hospital was to be all the end all. Like Sophia's 17, she'll never see the new children's hospital. But moving on the adult hospitals is an issue.  So the transfer all that over the new adult hospital is going to be an issue. And actually, they've reduced the age for children and the new hospital is going to be 16. So what to do is, you know, it's children up to 18. And I cannot understand that a 17-year-old child could be bigger than me. Yeah, I know what you mean. And you know what I mean. But for some children, that option should be to stay in the hospital. So we don't know if we always have on no one's request. That should be a clinically led decision. It should be, should we retain this person here till they're 18 or maybe they are a bit of fit for moving through the system elsewhere. It shouldn't be black and white on paper and an arbitrary. We have some of the doctors there. Amazing. Like our team at the moment are still seeing Sophia and she's 17. Yeah. Come next year, I'm not sure that's going to be an option. But look, I would love to say this is the last time we're going to talk about this hospital if they ever get it open. And I hope that we're wrong. But the access thing in the city center and no Coast Guard helicopter and all them, all their bits and pieces. Land and Pubs on after the start seem to be going. OK, well, listen, Aaron, thanks for helping us keeping it on the agenda here in the Northwest. All right. And best wishes to you, your partner and the whole family. Thanks so much for your time. Take care. OK, bye bye. Aaron Daly there. Just to give us an insight and understanding as to the reality of what parents and guardians are having to go through there. It's we had an opportunity to get that right because we were having all these chats, these conversations, these problems were being highlighted in the planning stage. And you'd be very familiar with the arguments that were being had. We all accept that a children's hospital was required. And then it came down to location, access, parking. We understand the strong argument that it's best if it's co-located or close to other hospitals where you have a concentration of experts. We get that, but was it worth trying to fit the square peg into seemingly a round hole?  OK, right. OK, thanks, Aaron. I really appreciate that. If you have a say on that 086625,000, a reminder for you if you're listening overnight, get involved in the conversation at any stage. Email comments at HighlandRadio.com or WhatsApp and text us and we'll pick them up the next morning and you can be part of the conversation. Pat Bradley's in Car and Donut, Donut Park. Well done, Pat. You have won two tickets for our competition in association with our friends at St. Mary's GEA Convoy. They are doing some great work there in improving facilities, work already ongoing. And as part of that, they have a 50,000 euro prize up for grabs. Can you imagine on St. Patrick's Day someone's going to win 50,000 euro? So, St. Mary's Convoy, St. Mary's GEA Convoy, if you want to enter that competition, we'll have another two tickets to give away tomorrow, which is Thursday. And that's the last day of the week, isn't it? I'm struggling to keep track of everything. I believe it is. OK, that's where we have to leave it on the program today. Thank you so much for listening. And I mean that in earnest. It's very much appreciated. And thanks to those of you who watched. Congratulations again to Charles, James and The Rise. They are our winners of the Irish Music Month competition. Thanks to everyone who took part in the show as well. We'll be back with you tomorrow morning at 9. Stay tuned. John Breslin's around the Northwest, coming up after the news at 12 noon.


I will be giving you information on the next 2 weeks ISTE workshop which will be held in December on solar photovoltaic fundamentals, technologies and applications. So with a brief introduction to the center which we have recently started, the National Center for Photovoltaic Research and Education, I will give information on what we are going to cover in that workshop as well. So as we know that recently, government of India has taken a very big initiative in terms of Geo-Arlal Nehru National Solar Mission with its ambitious targets of achieving 20 gigawatts by 2022 and it itself are very ambitious targets in term of like we will require significant amount of effort in terms of R&D as well as manpower. So PV industry which is the fastest growing industry in renewable energy sector like the annual growth rate as you know it is 60% every year. So there is already a scarcity of manpower and we will need a vast like train manpower to meet out the requirements of Geo-Arlal Nehru National Solar Mission. So as per the mission documents, we will need about 1 lakh skilled and trained people in this area and if we do the calculations based on the Department of Energy US report, the number goes much up, it goes to about 3 lakh. So right now even if we look at the energy institutes which are there in the country or the colleges and universities which are running energy related courses, the number which we are training every year is not even 1000. So as such we can understand there is a significant demand, there is a significant need of trained people in solar photovoltaics. So with that thing in mind, the National Centre for Photovoltaic Research in Education this was set up at IIT Bombay and it started functioning in October 2010. So this is being funded by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and as the name itself is suggesting it will be focusing on research as well as education. So under the research we will be covering the vast area starting from solar cell, fabrication, characterization, PV systems, the new materials which we can have balance of system, power electronics, off grid and grid connected issues and all. So again, this is an integral part but education is also an important part in the National Centre of Photovoltaic Research in Education. As such we will be having several activities under education and training. For education and training part, we have been conducting short term courses. So for the calendar year 2011, we have planned for five short term courses wherein we can train students, college teachers as well as industry persons. Already we had a short term course in February that was on solar PV power conditioning and balance of systems. Further we are planning to have grid connected solar PV power systems in May 6th and 7th of May 2 day course, Fundamental of Solar PV Technologies that will be for five days in June and that is specially for college teachers. Then film solar PV technologies that will be for two days in September, crystalline silicon cell fabrication and characterization for three days in December. The calendar is already there on the website of Department of Energy Science and Engineering. You can go through it. Other than that we have also planned for training of industry people who are already employed in solar photovoltaic industry to retrain them, to reorient them, maybe just to recapitulate their older concepts and wherein we will be organizing courses for them as well as we have also planned for that they can be connected towards CDIP web based courses or maybe they can take up some of the credit courses and get a diploma or a post graduate diploma in the field. We have a Department of Energy Science and Engineering at IIT Bombay and it is already running PSD, MTEC, BTEC and MSC program. In that way we are already teaching them solar photovoltaic courses and we are planning to add up some advanced courses but we know that training at the institute level to our students would not help in developing such a critical mass. So, as such all these courses have been formulated so we are doing in this regard. The next step which we have planned is organizing a 5 day ISTE workshop again on solar photovoltaic fundamentals technology and applications. The methodology that we will be following is more or less same as is followed for this electronics workshop. So, we will be inviting faculty members from different colleges who will be acting as coordinators and they will be coordinators for the main workshop, coordinating the tutorial sessions, coordinating the logistics and all looking after the logistics, lab sessions and all. So, for that the coordinators will be oriented trained to conduct all these things. They will be given lectures on the A-view mechanism of interaction with participants. They will be trained to conduct the tutorials and labs since the final contents will be absorbed by most of the colleges. As such we need to discuss about what would be the course curriculum which is to be taught during the main workshop. So, the objective for organizing the coordinators workshop which will be from 11th to 15th of April will be we will have to define a common syllabus that could be adopted and that could be taught during the main workshop. Finally, we will be also looking at the graded coverage from simple to difficult levels, nature of tutorials that could be planned, the lab experiment under NCPRE we have also planned to develop low cost laboratory kits and these the technology will be developed here and then it will be disseminated to different institutions wherein they can replicate. As you know the technology for fabrication and characterization itself it is a very sophisticated technology and it is not very easy to replicate it everywhere. But by means of such low cost systems these could be like students can have a flavor of what is how the cell is fabricated, how modulate modules are formed. So, for giving them such feelings we will be developing such low cost laboratory kits. Other than that we will also we also have some program that will I will give you information about it for college teachers. Again looking at the coordinators workshop all these things will be discussed besides the use of the learning management system, audio visual equipment, editing tools. So, that information will be given to the coordinators. So, the coordinators workshop for the main for this course will be from 9th April to I am sorry from 11th April to 15th of April. And all those institutions who are already running energy related courses or who are planning to organize or who are planning to start such courses they will definitely get benefited out of it. So, the only requirement is as you already know there should be an internet connection with a wherein you can have 30 participants at the remote center. The course this course will be again registrations are already going on and registration could be done through the Eklavya site. We have already 30 candidates who have registered. So, again it is on first come first serve basis where the teaching faculty will be Professor Chetan Singh Solanki who is a well known person in the solar PV area and Professor B.G. Fernandez from Department of Electrical Energy, Professor Chetan Singh Solanki from Department of Energy Science and Engineering. Broadly the course which we are going to cover in the main workshop it will be solar PV fundamentals and technology that will include the semiconductor device physics. So, starting from solar cell design the silicon technology your PV modules in that will be covered in 20 hours. In another 20 hours the application part will be covered like introduction to the power electronic systems grid connected and off grid systems and the life cycle cost analysis. So, this is all about I wanted to tell you about the next coming up workshop and all of you who are interested they can register on the Eklavya site for it. Other than that other if you feel that your other colleagues or maybe some of your knowns who may be interested in registering for this workshop please let them know about it. So, lastly I would like to say that under NCPRE we are also proposing to have a Indian photovoltaic user program under which as you know that the facilities we have at IIT Bondway under NCPRE these are of one of its own kind. So, you would not be finding those in the country anywhere else like the fabrication lab we have highly sophisticated instruments for characterization. So, there is a program wherein all those participants who want who come up with their innovative ideas and they want to do some sort of experiments they want to do some sort of characterization they are welcomed here they can come up with their proposals they can submit it to NCPRE and finally they can use our facilities for doing their own research work. So, with this I would like to conclude any questions ok thank you.


A fiery horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a ha-hey-hay-oh-silver! The Lone Ranger! Straitful Indian companion total, the daring and resourceful mask rider of the plains led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. No where in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. Now out of the past come the thundering hoop beats of the Great Horse Silver! The Lone Ranger rides again! Molesilver! A friend total leisurely followed a trail that wanded through the hills near the town of Jackson. According to the message I received from Major Osborne at Fort Davis Tunnel, the gang that spent way-laying army supply wagons must have a hideout somewhere around here. The leader of the gang must be clever. He manages to avoid capture and continue the raids. We'll see. Look. I'm gonna lie on the trail ahead. Molesilver! Stop! Oh, he's got it! He's got it! Let me see. He's still alive, but seriously wounded. The masked man and Indian gave first aid to the wounded man, then took him to a nearby grove where they made him comfortable in a hastily constructed lean-to. Before long, the man opened his eyes and gazed at the two strangers who stood beside him. A masked umbra and an engine. You must be in with that gang who raided our wagons. We're friends, not outlaws. Later, perhaps you'll learn about my mask, but right now you need rest. If you're friends, I want to tell you what happened. Very well. I'm Ben Hazen, the wagon driver. I was driving one of three wagons loaded with rifles and supplies to Fort Davis. There was four guards, soldiers with us. I see. Go on. Over in the valley near here, a large gang raided the wagons. I was shot when I tried to get away. We found you on the upper trail. They must have thought that I was dead like the others. After they loaded the rifles and supplies on the horses, they burned the wagons and left. I managed to walk and crawl up the slope to the trail through the hills and then I passed out. I understand. I have to get word to the fort about what happened. Great. You rest, Ben. You'll be well soon, but right now you can't ride. Tonto, go to the fort and tell Major Osborne what happened. You mean to some belly, Mepi? Ben can't be left alone, Tonto. Otherwise I wouldn't. No, please listen to me. Now, I'll be all right. I got my gun. You just leave some water near me. Now, I want you to go. Them outlaws must be caught. Now, promise me you'll go. Very well, Ben. I'll see to it that you're comfortable and I'll go. Tonto, I'll wait in the valley until you arrive with the Major and the troopers. Tonto left hurriedly for the fort. Then after making certain the wagon driver would be all right, the lone ranger rode to the valley where the raid had taken place. The tragic scene gave new evidence of the ruthlessness of the outlaws. The burned wagons, the lifeless soldiers and the bullet-ridden bodies of the other two drivers made the masked man more determined than ever to run down the killers. He was busy digging shallow graves when Tonto arrived with Major Osborne and some of the troopers. Well, my friend, it's been a long time since I've seen you. I wondered if you got my message. Glad to see you again, Major. We were coming in answer to your message when we heard about this raid. Look, when this masked man is a friend, one who will be of great help to us, I want you all to give him every cooperation. Now, what do you propose we do, sir? Leave a few men here to bury the victims. While we follow the trail of those outlaws, Major, that gang must be captured as soon as possible. Very well, sir. I hope we can find their trail. With the lone ranger and Tonto leaving the way, the troopers followed the tracks of the outlaws along a trail that led to a river. When they reached the river's edge, the group stopped. This is where we lost the trail the last time. Did you cross and examine the opposite shore? Yes. Their tracks went into the river here, but didn't show on the trail where it leaves the water. We searched the opposite side without success. I see. We'll cross now. If they've covered their trail and we don't find the tracks over there, we'll split forces and search both river banks in each direction. Very well. I hope we're more successful this time. All right, men. Get a bag. A thorough search of both river banks was made but without success. Dusk was falling and the Major decided to return to the fort with his men until morning. After they rode away, the lone ranger spoke to Tonto. Tonto, we'll go to camp and see how the wounded man is getting along. Then when the moon rises, we'll come back here and continue the search. In the meantime, we need a few supplies. You ride from the camp to town and get them. All right, let's go. The mask man and Indian rode to the camp. They found the wagon driver, Ben, feeling much better. The lone ranger waited at camp while Tonto went on to town. Tonto entered the general's store and stood waiting while another customer was being served. Well, there's the coffee, mister. Anything else? Oh, that's about all. Got a buck-bowl down side? No. How are you going to tow it all this stuff in? Got enough here for a dozen people, I'd say. What difference does it make to you as long as I pay cash for it? No, not at all. Didn't intend to ride ya. Just curious, that's all. You'll be in a stranger and I thought you might be working from one of the ranches nearby. Well, I don't. Stop asking questions and figure out how much that comes to you. I got it all figured out, mister. 25 dollars and 30 cents. Thank you. There's your money. Thank you. Hey, Indian, how about helping me get these supplies out to my pack horse? Me help? Good. I see. We can handle it in one trip between the two's. Come on. The stranger's saddle horse and the pack horse were at the hitch-rack. Toto helped tie the supplies onto the pack horse. I think that'll carry all right. Here's a small package I put on the walk and forgot to pack. Stick it into one of my saddle bags, will you? Toto picked up the small package and moved to the side of the saddle horse. As the young fastened the bag, his hand caught the edge of the saddle blanket, which was folded double. On a corner of the under-edge, Toto saw part of a letter. But being familiar with the marking on government riding gear, he didn't have to see more to know it was an army blanket stamped with the usual lettering, USA. Toto quickly put the package into the saddle bag. There. Now you're ready to ride. Thanks. Here's four bits for your trouble. No, no. Let me not take money. All right, if that's the way you wanted. Thanks anyway. That nice saddle blanket, it knew, maybe? Yeah. Why are you so interested, engine? Let me get new saddle blankets someday. Get one same as that, maybe. I hope you have luck getting it. I'll see you again sometime, so long. All right. Easy, boy. Come on, get up there. Come on. Toto waited a moment until the man had ridden a short distance. Then he mounted his paint horse scout. Easy scout. Long association with the lone ranger had taught Toto to be very observing. He had noticed the stranger's evasive attitude when the storekeeper asked questions about the large amount of supplies. And then, when he had noticed the new army saddle blanket, his suspicions were aroused. He decided to follow the man and see where he went. Maybe him outlaw.  The stranger rode into the foothills and Toto followed a short distance behind him. The moon came up and spread its bright light over the landscape as Toto cautiously moved along the trail. The stranger with a pack horse went around a bend after passing some large boulders. As Toto approached the boulders, he was suddenly startled. Up beyond reach! Mosca, open up. Oh. Get up there. Oh, there. An engine, eh? Yeah. Why you shoot? Because you have no business on this trail. It's public trail. Oh, yeah? Maybe you can tell me where it leads to. Oh, ho! Oh! Oh, easy. Hey, what's this shooting about? I saw this Redskins following you, Vic. Ever seen him before? Oh, yeah. He's the same one who helped me take the supplies from the store. Got any idea why he'd follow you? No, I... Hey, wait a minute. He was interested in this saddle blanket. Said he wanted one, asked if it was new. What about that blanket engine? Ever seen one like it before? Maybe me like blanket. Maybe he followed me hoping to steal it.  Take a look at that Redskins horse and riding gear. Look at that blanket under his saddle, with far more than the one you're using. Hey, that's right. He followed you for some other reason. Why did you engine? Me not talk. Oh, you talk all right. You don't have to plug it right here and now. Hold on, Rocky. Keep him covered while I take his gun. Come on, boy, get up. Yeah. He's got two of them in both beauties. Hey, something different about this engine. With those fancy buckskins. Rocky, maybe we'd better take him to Carl. If anyone can get the Redskins to talk Carl Pender can. Yeah. Go on, engine.   Get him. A short time later, the two men arrived with Toto at a hideout shack hidden in the hills. All right, engine. It was a large shack with two rooms. When they entered, the outlaw leader Carl Pender was playing cards with a few of the men. Hey, Rocky, what is this? Who's that Indian? I don't know. While I was on guard at the big bowlers, I saw him following Vic. So I got the drop on him. So he was following Vic, huh? That's right, Carl. And he doesn't want to tell why. It has something to do with that saddle blanket on my horse. I found that out. He has a much finer saddle blanket of his own. An expensive riding gear. And what's more, you ought to see the paint horse he rides. Calls him Scout. Yeah. Look at these guns, Carl. Fine guns, fancy riding gear. And the paint called Scout, huh? I remember a special paint horse by that name. Yeah, that must be it. I might know what happened sooner or later. What? This Indian is clever, my friend. Very clever. He has been trained by a clever man. I have long known both of them. Rocky, you have captured a prize hostage in case the army or the law should start closing in on us. What do you mean? Who is this Indian? He is the Indian friend of a much feared hombre. He rides with the lone ranger. That's a lone ranger. So from now on, he shall be our hostage.  The curtain falls on the first act of our lone ranger adventure. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Tato had been captured by outlaws and was recognized by the leader as the Indian friend of the lone ranger. Meantime, the lone ranger waited at the camp with a wagon driver, Ben. The moon is up right. Tato should have returned long ago, Ben. That's right. It isn't far to Jackson. We intended to continue our search for the tracks of the outlaw gang along the river tonight. I'll ride toward town to meet Tato. Oh, uh, you think you'll be all right? Why, sure. You've done everything anybody could do for me, mister. You rest some more until we return. We'll see you later. Adios. Adios. He's a big fella. Come sit over there. The mask man rode to the edge of town without meeting Tato. He stopped in a grove and removing his mask disguised his face so that he might go to the store and make inquiries. Finally, satisfied with the result, he mounted silver and rode into town where he stopped in front of the store. Oh, sir. Oh, easy. That's enough. Something for you? I'm looking for a friend of mine who was to come here for supplies. An Indian. Hey, several Indians have been in here today. My friend came here about dusk. He wore buckskins. He's tall, well-built. Oh, that too. And, oh, I remember him because he was different from the usual run. Then he did come here? Yep. But the strange thing is he didn't buy anything. Didn't buy anything? Nope. There was a stranger in here. Tough-looking, sort of. What do you mean, temperate? Well? Bought a lot of supplies. Enough for a dozen men. Got riled when I asked him how he was going to tow these wonders. He got the engine to help carry them out to his pack horse. Go on. I said I watched from the wind there being sort of curious about the stranger. Well, after the engine helped tie on the stuff, the stranger rode away. The engine stood watching until he was almost out of sight. Then he ups and mounts and heads in the same direction like he was trailing the stranger. Well, thanks for the information. Which way did they ride? Toward the east end of town. Thanks. See you later. The lone ranger stood a moment in thought. Then he mounted. He said he'd be cool. Come on, sir. He rode eastward through town hoping to find Toto's tracks at the edge of Jackson. But he soon discovered that any tracks left by the Indian had been covered by others. The lone ranger realized the uselessness of trying to find Scout's hoof marks on the various well-used trails branching out from the edge of the town. Then thinking that Toto might return to the camp, he put on his mask and rode hurriedly in that direction. Come on, sir. In a short time, the masked man arrived at camp. Easy, sir. You didn't find Toto? No. He followed a man out of town. He must have thought the man was one of the outlaws. Well, he might run into trouble. There was about a dozen men in that gang. The first thing is to find their trail and he got help to capture them. Once more, the lone ranger rode to the place where the trail fought at the river. Who's who? The masked man looked across the water thoughtfully. Earlier, when he and Toto were with the major and his men, it had been evident that the tracks they had followed to this point had not come out on the other side. We must have missed something when we searched before. But what? Then I'll try again. I'm still recovering. The lone ranger left the main trail and rode along the bank of the river. The troopers had searched that bank before and he could see the marks they had left. He was about to turn back as he approached a heavy growth of brush lining the banks. But Silver had already started through it and suddenly lurched into a shallow, water-filled irrigation ditch, which was at right angles to the river. Whoa, whoa, easy big boy. The masked man's mind worked swiftly. He thought of what he might do if he were leading a gang and wanted to cover the trail. He saw the logical solution before him. They could have ridden along in the river, turned into the shallow irrigation ditch and continued in the water to a cross-trail. Then they doubled back. Yes, it must be it. I rode along the ditch and found a cross-trail where they might have turned off. Come on, Silver. Watching carefully in the bright moonlight, the lone ranger finally came to logs bridging the ditch. A few plankwood rested upon the logs to form a culvert. Then he saw hoof marks leading the ditch. He followed them onto a cross-trail and there before him were the tracks he had been hunting. He immediately started to follow what he now knew to be the trail of the outlaws. Come on, Silver. Sometime later from a low ridge, the masked man saw the shack. The branched trail had brought him to the rear of the hideout and he could see the shadowy outlines of horses tethered among the trees behind the shack. The lone ranger dismounted and went forward cautiously on foot. Then he saw what he was looking for. Tonto's paint horse scout securely tied with the other horses. The masked man realized it would be impossible to cope with so many. He stood a moment and gave a signal that he hoped Tonto would hear and would know that help would soon come his way. Then the lone ranger turned and hurriedly went back to his horse. In the shack, Tonto had heard the signal and understood. In the front room of the hideout, he heard the owl hoot. He put down the pack of cards. He had been aimlessly handling and listened intently. Did you hear that, boys? I didn't hear anything. That's the hoot of an owl. If it is an owl? You just said it was. What else could it be? A signal. That's right. But if anybody was out there, the guard at the boulders would have seen him. Someone may have found the other trail to the hideout. The lone ranger is a very clever man. You think he might be outside? It's possible. How's the rest of the men? Tell them to be alert for trouble. All right. I have my reason. The front trail is guarded.  Another go guard the back trail. For the rest of the night, we'll have our guns ready. The lone ranger had set out for the fort, which was about a three-hour ride. He told the major of the hideout. Later he rode along with the major and the troopers. My friend, do you suggest any plan of attack? We'll sneak up on the guards and silence them. Then we'll leave the horses a reasonable distance from the hideout and move forward on foot. Well, that should do it. But you're Indian friend. They may kill him when they realize what is happening. Pado is my particular problem, major. I hope to reach him before that can happen. Well, I sincerely hope you do. But for your cleverness, we wouldn't have found those outlaws. Thanks, but my main interest is getting Pado from them. After we dismount, give me ten minutes start before you and your men move toward the shack. I'll try to get inside the tunnel. Well, if both of you are inside when we raid the place... It's a large two-room shack built of sturdy logs, major. If Pado is held in one of the rooms and I reach him, we'll be able to help from the inside. Don't worry about us. Move in and fight them to a finish. Come on, sir. It was almost dawn before the troopers silenced the guards and dismounted among the trees in a dense woods a safe distance from the hideout. Then, while the major gave the necessary orders, the masked man slipped away like a shadow. At the hideout, Carl and his men still were alert for trouble. Hey, Carl, if anything was going to happen, it would have happened long ago. It's been hours since you heard that owl hoot into my way of thinking it was an owl. Sure. Perhaps. But I have kept this gang from capture by being cautious and suspicious, my friends. And let me warn you, they have not had the long ranger after us before. Don't forget that Indian tied up in the other room, Carl. I'm not forgetting him. If anything happens, he will be the first to die. Tato lay on one of the bunks in the back room tied hand and foot. A lantern hanging from the rafters gave a dim light. And as Tato gazed toward the window near him, he saw the faint glow of dawn. The Indian waited expectantly. He kept his eyes fastened on that window. Then he saw what he had hoped to see as the outline of the lone ranger cautiously appeared. No one was in the room with the Indian at the moment, and the window was partly open. Hello. Be here, Kimosabi. Be lone. Quickly and quietly, the masked man pulled himself through the window. Just as quickly, he cut the cords from Tato's wrists and ankles. There, you're free. Here's one of my guns. Hold it! Us had started toward the back room at Rocky's cry, but it was then the troopers moved in. The shack was completely surrounded. The lone ranger and Tato prevented anyone from coming into the back room and demoralized the outlaws' defense by their blazing guns. Finally, it was over. The outlaws were subdued and disarmed. The wounded were attended to while the major talked to the lone ranger and Tato. We have them all, sir. My men captured the guards outside as we moved in on the hideout. I noticed rifles and army supplies in that large back room. The wagon driver at our camp will testify against them. Thanks to you and Tato, we've broken the gang that has caused us so much trouble. We're glad we can help, major.  Him plenty mean. They'll all hang for murder.  So am I. Tato now go back to camp and take a horse for the wounded wagon driver. Bring him to the fort. We'll take care of him. All right, sir. Adios, major, and we'll see you later. My gullet didn't take them long to find those outlaws, did it, major? I knew I could count on them, corporal. In my opinion, there's no one finer or more clever than the lone ranger. The feature of the lone ranger incorporated, created by George W. Trendle, produced by Trendle Campbell Muir Incorporated, directed by Charles D. Livingston, and edited by Fran Stryker. The part of the lone ranger is played by Brace Beamer. Brace Beamer.


Hey Co-Friends, I'm Bianca Renee, and you're watching Bianca Renee Today. And today, I'm gonna be showing you how I refresh my curls for day two, day three, et cetera, using a bunch of products from Sally Beauty. Today's video is sponsored by Sally Beauty, and this goodie bag right here is from Curly Con LA. If you don't follow me on Instagram, you might have missed the news that we did recently launch Curly Con LA, which was a whole amazing, epic event all about curly hair, the education side, so all the attendees could learn how to take care of their curls. It was beautiful.  So let's see what's inside. And let's see how many I can use to refresh my curls. We got some bonvarn here. We've got a mousse that I have been mentioning in my last couple videos. We have a detangler. I'm gonna have to detangle today. We have two masks. I'll have to try these another day because I just washed my hair yesterday. And we have some growth oil, which I will be trying as well, because we all love some hair growth. And we got some edge control to lay down the edges, even though my bangs kind of hide them. Without further ado, let's get started.  Now my hair would be even easier to refresh if my toddler didn't start this new thing where he wakes me up by pulling my hair. So let's see how we're looking. Okay, definitely not bad. Also definitely not the best. So first I'm gonna add a little bit more water to any little frizzy spots. I know some people don't like to rewet their hair when they refresh, but I do every time. Okay, little dampened. Now I'm gonna add some cream, which is gonna help with the moisture of your hair if it's feeling a little dry on your refresh days. This is the Bonbar Bonding Curling Cream, which you've seen me talk about a bunch. This is not only just a moisturizer, it's also a styler, but it also helps repair and bond your hair. So if you have any type of damage, this is a great styling product for you. Just gonna use a tad bit, because like I said on Monday, two hair is not too dry. Just gonna smooth this over. Oh, I forgot, every time it gets me. Now, next in the goodie bag, the Dew Be Girl Collection Crazy Sexy Curl, Super Charged Honey All-in-One Setting Foam. It's a very watery foam. So I've noticed that mousse is different than foam. If you want something even lighter, a little bit more water-based, go with the foam. This is great for wavy hair, because it's light and fine hair, and gives you a little bit more hold for your refresh days. This is also good for my bangs, because I don't want anything too heavy to weigh them down, but it can also add that definition, and then scrunch it back up. So because this is a refresh day, you don't have to use too much product or anything too heavy because your hair already does have product in it, but we just wanna give it a little extra loving, so it can last all throughout the day. And I haven't tried this one. This is a 24-hour hold, big claim. Max Holds Sweet Peach scent. It's Biotin B7 Infused with a level seven hold. That's the top of the chart. Peachy. I don't necessarily have to do my edges because my bangs are covering it, but I always think of my girlfriend, friend, Shelley. She's like, no, no, no, in case the wind blows, you gotta be ready. And she's like the queen of baby hairs. Ooh, so smooth.  So let's do a little swoopage. Shout out to my edges for coming back after having a baby. Appreciate being here. Now the wind can come at me if it wants to. And now at this point, I'm just going to diffuse upside down. Get a little shake. Ooh, yes. That's a refresh for, yeah. And there you have it. That's how I refresh my curls on day two, three, four, five, whatever. Once you get the hang of refreshing, it becomes easier and easier and you realize how much better your hair looks as the week goes on.  You might be able to refresh it one more day. So if you went to Curly Con LA, you already have all of these products waiting for you in your goody bag that you got when you walked in. But if not, these are all available at SallyBeauty or SallyBeauty.com. I will make sure to link all these products below. So if you want to give them a try, feel free to shop my links. If you enjoyed this video, make sure to give me a thumbs up and subscribe. I post new videos every week. You also go follow me on Instagram and TikTok at Ms. Bianca Renee. I'll see you guys next time. Thanks for watching Bianca Renee today.