The Principles of Teaching EFL and a Kindergarten First let me explain what EFL means. It means English as a foreign language. We all know childhood is the best time in everyone's life. Firstly children are taken care of by their parents. Parents provide love, food, clothing, and knowledge. They want their children to have the beast, so they can be the best. Secondly children are taken to school and put into the care of teachers. Teacher's attitude Kindergarten teachers in my opinion always have to wear a smile. It doesn't matter if the teacher is having a bad day or not. They always need to show a happy face to the children because children feel safe and comfortable with a teacher, who always smiles without showing an angry face. The children's happiness in the classroom depends on the teacher's attitude. Kindergarten teachers play a vital role in the development of children. In these early years what children learn and experience can shape their views and can affect their later success or failure in school, work, and personality in the future. Kindergarten teachers introduce children to letters, language, numbers, colors, how to share, etc. They use games, music, art projects, books, flashcards, and other tools to teach these basic skills. Secrets of Teaching EFL Unit 7 explained about teaching new language. There are four things that students need to do with the new language, be exposed to it, understand its meaning, understand how it's constructed, and be able to practice and produce it. This can be challenging for ESL kindergarten teachers. They have to be creative to make a fun and interesting learning environment for the children. Teachers have to prepare lesson plans according to students age, interest in his or her age, and what level they are currently at with the English language. Some kindergarten students are more advanced than others in regard to their speaking and listening ability. This means that the teachers have to make lesson plans that are inclusive for all students. Relationships with the students Teachers have to treat every student similar, meaning in a fair way by not showing favoritism to one or two students. This can be difficult at times because children differ according to their temperament. Teachers have to know how to approach every student on an individual basis. Some of them look anxious or mad, while others seem calm or shy. Some of them want to be surrounded by noise and excitement, while others prefer quiet and solitude. Children just like high mountains, have the ability to create their own weather. This weather depends directly on the child's temperament. Education is carried out by one person, a teacher standing in front of the class. Every teacher should always over plan for this age group. If teachers prepare a lesson plan with songs and learning activities in advance, the effect will be obvious. The children will be engaged and learn English while having fun at the same time. How to create a positive atmosphere From this course I learned how to make an enjoyable class for this age group. This includes, lesson plans, teaching skills, methods, EFL methodology, managing the class, and evaluating the students' levels and progress. In my opinion kindergarten teachers have to help children to improve their creative skills. English teachers can help to do this by making crafts or pictures, that go along with the words they are teaching in that lesson. For example if the students are learning about animals, the teacher can have the students say what their favorite animal is and also draw it. Do you want to teach English abroad? Take a TEFL course today. Early language learners have to be interested in what they are learning. This means they have to be constantly animated and involved in a variety of fun ESL activities, songs, and exercises. This is where the teacher's creativity is most visible and most important. Children like to see all different kinds of visual things, like flashcards, pictures, videos, picture books, and picture dictionaries. Kindergarten teachers also need to review words, because it is easy for the children to forget what they studied a few days or weeks ago. It is also very important to make a good rapport with the children. They have to learn to respect each other, as well as the teacher. In conclusion I want to say, I am really looking forward to the opportunity to teach young learners. Thank you to the teachers for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


Okay, it's time for us to take a look at our very first hot topic. Well, we have been told that smugglers have lost 1.51 billion naira in eight months. And we have been joined by CSC Abdul-Lahi Aliou, Aliou Maywada, Chief Superintendent and National PRO, the Nigerian Custom Service. Good morning to you, CSC Abdul-Lahi Maywada. Good morning to you and good morning viewers. Okay, so when I saw that news, that piece of news, I wondered, is this good news or bad news for the economy? I think it's good news for obvious reasons. Number one, for you to effectively collect revenue or generate the requisite revenue for national development, you need to make sure that all illicit trades are not allowed to have their way into Nigeria. Now, we have three fundamental functions that has to do with the one trade facilitation, revenue generation and anti-smuggling. Each they are what I would call they are interwoven and interrelated. If you decide to abandon one, then two suffer. Just a simple example is how tripod work. If you remove one leg of a tripod, definitely the tripod will not stand. So when you hit on smugglers, when you decide to do effective anti-smuggling along the land borders and seaport, definitely you facilitate legitimate trade and revenue also upscale. So those are the three functions that are interrelated and interwoven. And you have to do each at the same time to get the holistic result. Okay, so when these things, let's talk about these losses to the smugglers and how they have become beneficial to our national economy. First of all, some of the things we've seen, especially when you talk about oil for instance, when they are caught, the illegal miners and those who still crewed across the sea, we find that they burn the goods. Something many Nigerians have cried against repeatedly. And it does appear that that same thing that happens with the customs. When you confiscate some of these things that are not expired goods, what do you do with them? How do you translate them or transform them into something beneficial to the economy? Well, if I may say it, the management of seizure of confiscated goods in Nigeria Customs Service, there are requisite laws and guidelines and SOP as well as standard operating procedure in managing all the seized items. Number one, when you apprehend those items, definitely you have to, on the investigation, if there are suspects, you need to prosecute them and if you have to build a case file for those items.  That court condemnation will give you the mandate to dispose those items. Now, these items are of different categories. You have items that are perishable. You have items that are flammables. And you have items that, ordinarily, you cannot even put them in your warehouses because of their nature, maybe they are combustible or whatever. And you have items because of their size, you would do what you call constructive warehousing. Now, if you get those items, if those items are perishable items, there are procedures you follow in line with them. In collaboration, definitely you can dispose those items that are perishable immediately. If they are perishable, if they are volatile items, items that are a little bit very, very difficult, very combustible, flammable, let me use this word, you instantly dispose those items and the money is paid to the federation, to the fees, as fees to federation account. Example is PMS. We do intercept PMS that are meant for smuggling outside the country. And immediately we dispose those items in tandem with the law. And those items are, the money is paid to the federal government. Now, consumable items. The first thing you do to consumable items is to determine whether those items are fit for consumption. And for you to determine whether those items are fit for consumption, you need to get the relevant agency to certify that those items are fit for consumption. After certification, like rice, like other items, we do hand over to orphanage homes to displace persons and so on. Those are the things. Even those items that are spoiled and not fit for consumption, like rice, that is spoiled, we give those items on three products. So we do that. So it's not that we just, but when we realize that item is not fit for consumption, definitely that items will be destroyed. EG, there are some categories of poultry products imported or smuggled into Nigeria. If you know the condition in which they smuggle those items, you won't even allow your dog to eat those items and we won't. So those items are destroyed and will not allow anybody to consume those items. These chemicals used to preserve whatever, preserve dead body or whatever you call it. They use that to preserve those items. They don't even come in a frozen and it's hardly difficult. So those items, we don't allow anybody to consume it. We destroy those items instantly after following the requisite procedure. Nader, you're saying this brings to mind the issues that we've heard regarding frozen foods. The frozen foods we have, frozen chicken, frozen turkey, frozen fish, how safe are they for consumption? Are they part of the ones that escaped customs? The ones we have in the country today? Well, the issue of frozen fish. There is what we call quota, fish quota, that are procedures for importing fish into Nigeria. We have our own quota and we have to meet the national consumption. A quota is being designated and those items are only imported through the sea ports. They don't come in through the land borders. So when we see a frozen fish, a container of frozen fish or poultry products, definitely because there is no facility to checkmate those items. Just the same way with medicaments. Medicaments are also not allowed to come in through the land borders. In fact, there are designated ports that are meant for these items to come in through. So fish has a quota and that quota is what is given and located to the importers of fish to bring in, to meet up with the local demands. So it's not just arbitrary importation of fish like that and it's through the sea ports not land borders. Okay, so I guess it's the EFC, the NAFDAC, a beg your pardon, that may have to be and the consumer protection rights as well that may be in the best position to let us know how safe some of these ones will find in different stores are. But let's talk about the security of the borders. We've known over the years that our borders are quite porous. How much of a challenge is this still today? Has it improved from what we knew five years ago? Well, one of our functions is to suppress smuggling to the bearers minimum. And we cannot in any way believe or say that we have completely eradicated smuggling. It will be very difficult to do that. Our role is to suppress these activities to the bearers minimum. If you are elite at the level, yes, we have a very vast and porous land borders. However, with the adequate use of intelligence and collaboration with agencies and the strategic use of deployment of technology, we have substantially suppressed smuggling to the bearers minimum within our nation borders. This can be seen very glaring in the seizures we are recording day in, day out. This seizures can be seizures of drugs, seizures of Indian him, seizures of Amination, seizures of even consumable such as rice and other items. So we are doing everything possibly to man the border. However, I will say there is room for improvement. And that room for improvement makes the system now to try to improve in the use of innovation and technology. We are planning to deploy geospatial apparatus to man our borders. We are moving into e-borders now where you can have infrared and those infrared can be used. You can deploy drones and so on. So part of the process of end-to-end modernization of the Nigerian Custom Service is to make sure that we are maximally deploying latest technology to man our borders. And in Newcastle, you will see some scanners, mobile scanners or trick scanners in some of our land borders. We already have three major seaports, Tinkan, Apapa, and Potakwa in Oane. And very soon you will see the revisiting of this kind of technologies in most of our approved border posts. Now the problem is manning the unapproved routes. We will continue to be ahead of them and if they devises and we will be ahead of them and tackle the manners of smuggling both across the western planks and the northern planks because anti-smuggling in the northern part of Nigeria is quite different from what you do in the southern part because the geography of those areas are quite distinct and the nature of smugglers are quite distinct. So we are deploying every strategy to make sure that we have effectively manned our borders. Thank you. Where do we have the worst borders? Isn't this east on the north or the west? Well, the context of worst is contextual and I don't want to go into this one, it's the worst and this is the best. This is easy to handle. Each have their peculiarities. For instance, if you move to the northern borders, it's about porosity. What I mean by porosity, it's a very vast land border across a very arid area, close to Saharan area. So it's an area where you have very few vegetation and a very vast land. So for you to cover that vast land is very difficult. Starting from KB down to Sokoto, down to Katsuna, down to Jigawa, down to Yobi, down to Meduguri. Those are borders that are very wide. If you go to Meduguri alone, it has borders with three countries, with the Cameroon, with the Niger Republic and with Chad. So I think that is the peculiarity lies on the geography. Now if you move to the southern borders, this is where you see thick vegetation. This is where you see vegetation as very thick and where it's somehow very difficult to access. Accessibility to those areas is very difficult. These are areas also you can see some commonality with them. Maybe using motorbikes to smuggle or to ferry in these kind of smuggle items into Nigeria. Some use motorbikes where our vehicles may not be able to reach. For instance also the condition of, I mean, the nature of whether we are in the rainy season or the climate also determine how difficult it will be to manage smuggling. Now it's in the rainy season. You realize that maybe in the south now some of these areas are not motorable. So it's also difficult on the smugglers and also difficult on the Nigeria Custom Service. So those are the just peculiarities, but I cannot scientifically say this is worse, this is the best. But both areas have their own unique challenges that we are confronting with. So clearly you do have serious challenges, manning the borders and controlling the things that come in. Because of these peculiar challenges that you've talked about. What is the level of synergy that exists between the customs and the security agencies manning the different borders, you know, across the country? I would like to refer to the one of the core policy trust of the present control agent of Customs which has to do with collaboration. He has three policies, policy trust. One is innovation, collaboration and consolidation. And consolidation is about building on what someone have done in the past and look at all those challenges and build on that to make the system better. Now the issue of collaboration, one of the cardinal things we have to feel it's very important to us is collaborate with sister agencies. We cannot do it alone and no agency can do it alone. Now the CGC have decided to, in his, some of the visits he has visited, the Chief of Army staff, and the core issue behind the visit is collaboration. He has visited the Inspector General of Police and one of the demands he made is that there are a lot of multiple checkpoints, along with the Lagos Abidjan corridor, which is from mile two to semi, which is a very strategic area when it comes to trade through the land borders in Nigeria. Because it's one of the major land border we have that has what we call a dual border system, which we call a system that connects two borders together between two countries. I don't want to use the technical and technical terminology so that people understand. So that combination makes it very important, very germane in trade facilitation. And the IG believe that what the CGC has raised is right. And they even promised to move together to come and visit that border area and see the wipe-up of all the illegal checkpoints, by customs or other agencies or police, and they promised to do that. So that is an area of collaboration. And today there will be an MOU that will be signed between Nigeria Customs Service and Federal Safety Corps. And what is it? If you have decided to smuggle vehicles into Nigeria, and we have integrated our system with Federal Safety Corps, in such a way that your vehicle will not be registered. And at the time you want to register a smuggle vehicle, there will be a lot to custom system, and you will not get your vehicle registered. And it can be, it can be apprehended. So if you have succeeded in smuggling vehicles, now we are using collaboration to use that synergy, that interagency collaboration, to make sure that even after smuggling, we will be able to get those smuggle vehicles from you. So it's something, it's just a teaser. The proper event is coming in coming up later in the day, around 3 p.m. and you will see an MOU that is coming between us. Last week the CDC also visited the Director of State Services and the Director General. And the visit is about collaboration. So we believe we cannot do it alone. We cannot do it alone. Collaboration with stakeholders, collaboration with sister agencies, collaboration with host communities. We believe when we are on the same page with these host communities, they will not harbour smuggling. They will be on our side. They will believe that what we are doing is for them. So collaboration is one of the key mantras of policy trust of the Acutin Continental Personnel. And the system that you are concerned with is believed in that. And we believe that is the only way we can succeed. Indeed, I hear these efforts and I think they are laudable. However, I think we should also look at the main causes for smuggling. If we are going to fix this thoroughly, we may have to need, in fact, we would need to fix the main causes of smuggling. High taxes and customs duties. How should we fix this? This is 63rd anniversary we are celebrating as a people. And there are some things that we should have actually dealt with to a great extent that in 2023, we shouldn't be experiencing certain levels of illegalities. How do we fix? Because people will import, whether I would like it or not. And I imagine that some of the people who are importing illegally would have probably loved to import legally. So how do we put an end to this high level of illegal importation? High taxes, customs duty. Well, you are talking about high taxes and whatever we collect is a product of fiscal policy of the government. And the government do not develop fiscal policies arbitrarily. It is something that is done meticulously because you look at so many indices before you arrive at a particular policy. Now, we are responsible for implementing fiscal policies of the government. And we do not formulate policies. We do not decide this is the percentage of duty to be collected. However, it's our responsibility when implementing the policy to educate people to sensitize them why they need to key into the fiscal policies of the federal government. Because we are part of the government also, because we are serving the nation and we are rendering service to the nation. So it's our honor to explain to Nigerians why these things are where they are and how they are. Sometimes it's not a product of maybe high tax, maybe it's a product of maybe exchange rates. Why don't we look into the issue of encouraging exportation instead of always one way important items into Nigeria? If we keep on saying that we must import before we survive, then I think the distance of our nearer will continue to diminish. And the price will be on our nearer and why dollar will continue to appeal because these items are imported in dollars. And these duty collection are calculated in dollars. The CIF value of items imported that is cost insurance and freight of vehicle to arrive at the customer in dollar. And now the stress is on dollar. So when you export, definitely you are boosting your portfolio for the exit. Let's think on how we can manufacture. Let's think on how we can export Nigerian finished products outside Nigeria. Then in the area of what are we doing to ensure that these items, the taxes or whatever people are doing. I feel sometimes when the implement policies you need to explain, you need to persuade, you need to strike a balance between enforcement and persuasion. It's not always that it must be kinetic, it must be force for you to implement. Sometimes when you sit down and explain to Nigerians, Nigerians are very understanding. They need explanation to understand why they are doing this. If you have a duty on vehicle, when you explain to Nigerians that we have national automatic policy. And that automatic policy is about how do we assemble vehicles in Nigeria. That's why duty and charges are imposed on imported Tecumbo. Let me use Tecumbo. Emphatically use vehicles into Nigeria. Why not we think of going back to that 80s where we have a Pejo automobile. Where we use 504. Where we use the best line, evolution and so on, assemble in Nigeria. So those are the things these policies are trying to drive us into. So if we explain to Nigerians, it's not only about imposing taxes for the sake of collection of duty. There are motives behind this importation of this vehicle. That's why you have exemptions, you have waivers. Waivers and exemptions are meant for people important to manufacture. So that's why you have a section, the chapter 99 of the CET Common Accident, that have been activated. The reason for the activation is to allow for importers who are importing raw materials to process into finished goods to be able to do that. So I feel we need to look at the issue holistically. And that is when we realize that some of these policies are meant for wood. It might not be an immediate something, but in the future we'll be able to reap better and we'll have a better economy and a better nation. So do you also have a free customs duty on farm equipment and machines? Of course. For raw materials imported, there are activated chapters in the tariff that are meant for you when you are importing raw materials. There are schemes that are meant for to encourage manufacturing. There is all the manufacture, import scheme and so many things that are, ordinarily if you are importing finished goods you will not have the opportunity to leverage on those items. So let's bring in raw materials, process them into finished goods, add value to raw materials, we create jobs and we export outside Nigeria and gain more foreign exchange. That is my advice. The dream of most Nigerians is to have the manufacturing sector very, very highly active and competitive. Most Nigerians will patronize locally made goods if we have enough of them to choose from. But even the sector man, the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria are crying right now that the economy, the environment is no longer conducive for them to operate. Some of them have shut down and some have lost their staff. What do you say to the government with regards to that? What I can say is I don't want to digress from my co-functions as a custom officer. My plea to them is that whatever we do to facilitate trade and legitimate trade to encourage importers of these raw materials to manufacture will do it. That is why of recent the Contola General of Kutom has decided to come up with the issue of authorizing economic operators. If you find a reason to be part of AU, it will be a very good thing for you. So we are now going from fast track to AU and the issue of advanced ruling is coming in. Those are mechanisms put in place to encourage trade facilitation. We have interaction with people from the free trade zones like the heads of AUXA and NEVSA. We met there are some issues that there is that has to do with Nigeria for some studies. Committee was set up and based on that committee were able to resolve some issues. All these issues are to facilitate trade. So we will do everything within the ambit of our power, within our functions, within our responsibilities to encourage manufacturing, to encourage trade facilitation, to also encourage exports. That is why presently we have dedicated timelapse for exports and we are planning to make sure that all exports sits in our various command at the seaports are collapsed into that dedicated terminal. So that people exporting items onto Nigeria outside Nigeria will find it very easy and seamless. Thank you. I think that's a perfect note to wrap up this discussion. CSC Abdulahi Ali Mewadah, Chief Superintendent and National PRO, Nigeria Custom Service. Thank you so much for your time and insight this morning. Thank you for the opportunity to educate Nigeria. Alright, so we'll take a break and come back with our second hot topic. Stay with us.


Good afternoon and welcome to the Private Property Show House edition. If you're looking for that perfect home, if you're looking to start your family in a new home, this indeed is the show for you where we travel around South Africa and you see more amazing homes, which are for sale. Of course we have other shows coming to you every day this week. We have Samantungva Kumalo with the Private Property Podcast. That's every weeknight at 7 p.m. And of course if you're interested in farming and agriculture, while we've got Mbali on the ones and twos every Tuesday and Thursday night at 8 p.m. If you're still looking for that perfect home, join Chad Vaviros as he tours mansions, loft departments, townhouses, gorgeous, gorgeous homes around South Africa. And last but not least, we do have the first time home buyer show. Are you looking to build your property portfolio? Are you looking to make that first investment and purchase that first home? Well, this is the show for you. That's every Wednesday night at 8 p.m. The first time home buyer show. Good afternoon and welcome to the Sunday Show House edition. We start off in the gorgeous Avaka over here. This is of course your perfect start-up family home. And of course we can see from the gorgeous rooms and the kitchen and the open-plan area, this is an immaculate home for you to start out. And still in Durban North in Avaka, we have an affordable, simplex home in Avaka with three bedrooms and of course built in cupboards in the main ensuite and the open-plan dining room area and lounge. And from this simple start-out home, we move to this massive property in Avaka, a seven bedroom house and six bathrooms. And of course this is a spacious, modern, architect design home with the ground floor having three bedrooms and built in cupboards and of course it does have an entertainment area with a fully fitted kitchen with Caesar's Stone and a double garage in this gorgeous home. And a four bedroom house in Athlone with two bathrooms and two garages. This is an immaculate family home. If you're looking for a four bedroom family home, look no further because this is the one and this could be yours today. And we move on over to a three bedroom house also in Durban North. This gorgeous home is in Riverside and of course it oozes charm and look at that natural light coming in from the kitchen to the lounge area to the bedrooms. This is absolutely amazing and of course one of the bedrooms you could turn into a study or an office space or a gym space, whatever it is you'd like but this room is amazing and this home offers you rooms galore with a view. And here we are with the one bedroom apartment in Durban North. If you're looking to start out a first time home buyer this is a great investment for you. It does offer inspiring views and it is in the perfect location in Durban North over here. This complex as well is completely secure. I mean look at the lights throughout this TV room to the kitchen, to the bedrooms. Absolutely amazing and of course your own private balcony. Here we are again in Durban North a three bedroom house, two bathrooms and four garages. This of course is warm and welcoming spacious family home. If you love that outdoor living look at the garden over there and of course if you love to be in the kitchen make those spectacular meals. The kitchen of course is also equipped and has those fitted appliances ready for you to start your master chef journey. And a four bedroom, two bathroom, one garage home in Durban North over here. This is perfect for your family start-up home. If you take a walk through this home from the front door it's got a lovely wooden staircase and of course glimpses of the garden area over there absolutely gorgeous. We also have a bar area and of course if you're ready to entertain those guests you have everything you need from the swimming pool to the garden area to the patio veranda area over here.  This of course is a remodel with modern concepts throughout this home creating timeless value over here. Last but not least another four bedroom home in Durban North. Of course in a gorgeous setting look at that bar look at the TV area the staircase going upstairs absolutely gorgeous and it does have a stunning swimming pool and Jacuzzi situated in a private setting with the built-in bar as we saw earlier. Throughout this home there are high ceilings and it is absolutely good look at that natural light coming into each and every room over here. This is absolutely amazing. If you're ready to take that leap of faith make that investment. Of course we have options for you and we'll see you guys again next week. Take care.


Hello and welcome to the session. Today I will help you with the following question. The question says find the square root of the following number by the prime factorization method and the number given to us is 4096. Now let's move on to the solution. Now the number is 4096 and as you can see that the number is an even number so we will start dividing this number by 2. So 4096 when divided by 2 gives us 2048. Now the prime factor for 2048 is also 2. So when this number is divided by 2 we get 1024. Now 1024 when divided by 2 gives us 512. Now 512 is also divisible by 2. So on dividing this number by 2 we get 256. 256 is also divisible by 2 so when 256 divided by 2 we will get 128. Now 128 when divided by 2 gives us 64. 64 when divided by 2 gives us 32. 32 when divided by 2 gives us 16. Now prime factor for 16 is also 2 so when this is divided by 2 we will get 8. 8 when divided by 2 gives us 4. 4 when divided by 2 gives us 2. Now 2 when divided by 2 gives us 1. So we will stop here. So these are the prime factors for the given number. Now prime factorization of 4096 is given by 2 multiplied to itself 12 times. So we get this. Now we will pair up these prime factors. This is one pair. This is the other pair. Third pair. The fourth pair. Fifth pair. And the sixth pair. Now square root of 4096 is given by taking out one factor out of each pair. So from the first pair we have a 2. From the second pair another 2. From the third pair a 2 again. From the fourth pair a 2. From the fifth pair also a 2. And from the last pair also we have a 2. So square root of 4096 is equal to 2 multiplied to itself 6 times. And this is equal to 64. So square root of 4096 is equal to 64. Hence our final answer is 64. So hope you enjoyed this session. Have a good day.


Libraries are essential to development and sustainability. We love Mother Earth. My name is Loida Garcia-Fibo. I am delighted to collaborate with San Jose State University High School to increase awareness about sustainability, development, and preserving our planet. I have advocated for libraries in various capacities at the United Nations since 2014 with the main goal to bring awareness about the role of libraries in supporting development in every region of the world. In 2016, the United Nations established the Sustainable Development Goals, known as the SDGs, which are 17 goals and a call to action, to end poverty, protect the planet, and improve the lives and prospects of everyone everywhere. Libraries are helping countries to achieve development. Academic libraries providing reference services for their research and innovation. Public libraries offering programs in STEM and coding for girls move forward the goal to achieve gender equality. School libraries helping children read, support the goal of better education. Stay tuned to the iSchool communication channels to learn how to join our efforts, learn more about sustainability, and how to protect the planet.


Imagine, being away from home, surrounded by danger and hostility, unable to escape or speak the language, and being exploited. It might sound like fiction, but for 40 million victims of human trafficking worldwide, it is a reality. Innocent people enticed by the promise of a new life, then enslaved into forced labour or sex trafficking. Human trafficking happens in plain sight. Know the signs, see it, report it. To report suspected cases of human trafficking, call the TIPHawkLine at 847.


Welcome back to part two to our watch song of Brahmayagam. He's Kate Middleton. And if you're seeing this on YouTube, you're just gonna see a very good version of the like, see full-on cut version that you can have the page on. I'll put the link in the description below in the comments and you'll check that out. Let's get back into this, huh? Okay. Dancer. The one in the beginning. Oh. For Goblin. For Goblin. For Goblin. Shethia. I don't know, but I think the symbolism of the bone dust means that she digs the boners. I guess you could say he's David Bowie, the Goblin King. That's it. No, you're not. Yeah, is this kind of a purgatory that he's in? It looks like what's his face. It looks like what's his face. It looks like what's his face. It looks like a lot of this yoga. That sci-fi movie with the robot.  The phone level is like the real life. Like it looks very realistic. You know what, if you're in search of the knee. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Oscar Isaacs. Yeah, in that movie. That's what he looks like here. Yeah. Cue the rain. Coincidence, fate. He did say it was monsoon. But it hadn't started raining yet. There was a little knot on his forehead that wasn't there before. Who's this? Mammoudi. When he turned, she likes to be forceful during sex. He likes it when he immediately made me think as far as horns starting to show. Oh, wow. His horniness is definitely showing. Horniness, boners, woodies. It's all in here. Kind of looked like the shot of the house in Rorschach. Actually, it did. It did a little bit. He was dead the whole time. This is where he went. This is, yep. He chose the rain, bro. You all. So, he's not one of whatever he is. Don't drink it, bro. Don't drink that. Don't drink that. Oh, no. Oh, my God.  I would not drink that. Beautiful soft lighting to convey that torch. That's cool. I think it was a dream. That was very cool. Digging your own grave, buddy. But the thought does occur like most horror movies. Why don't you just leave? The stuff he drank. I couldn't tell you how it hurts your stomach. Yeah, that was probably not a good idea based on what it looked like when he opened up. Clearly, he's been to Taco Bell. Too late, buddy. You drank the Kool-Aid. You're stuck. Touch his feet. Put the girl. That was a lovely shot coming up through the rain that didn't hit lens, and then it went through the rain to him. It was a really nice shot. Oh, wow. Hair's grown a bit. Been there a while. Female's hands. Oh. Mom. He was remembering. Thinking about mama? Drink it. Don't, don't, don't.  Stop drinking what he asks. It's just everything he hands him. What is that? Is that cow urine? Give me. I'll have some of that. Dog vomit? Sure, why not? I'll have some. Here. Have this. Sure. Sure, why not? What is it? Did you pull that out of your butthole? I'll chew on that. I trust everything you give me, pal. What's your name? What's your mother's name? I can't say that. Kanchara. Come. There's a man who got caught up in this. He was a tamarind here. After a long time, his name was... this. A family that was about to start a war. A war. It's not a heart. It's not God's will. It's the smell of death. It's the smell of power. It's the smell of the spirit of the same time. It's the smell of the dead. Now, we can't go out of the house. Who is the... topless woman? How did you get hurt? He is the goblin. What happened? I must have missed something. She was topless. Her hair's been... Oh, a topless the whole time.  There's only one way to save him. There's someone who doesn't know how to get a mouse. There's a sea of it. That's it. There's a hole in the middle of the Kumbhara from Kumbhara. There's a hole in the middle. There's a hole in the middle. There's a hole in the middle. If you look through the glass below it, you'll find the power of a ghost. An energy that catches the eye. It's the wind. It's the wind that's blowing over the ghost. There's no other place left. You'll find the way. The ghost must have known how to stop him. You want to deceive the deceiver? Let's start over. I can do anything. What's there to do with it? No. A thakur. The thakur of freedom is not in Tamil. That's what I thought. If I had a chance, would I go? I have to give you one more chance. To stop my fate. So, you can't say that it's a fate. If you give me one more chance, it will be better than the one in the middle. I can take it. There must be a chance for that. There must be a chance for freedom. There must be a chance for freedom. There must be a chance for that. We must learn from this. Keep the ferrets. I don't want to give you a chance. I don't want anyone to know. I don't want anyone to know. Seems to be getting a lot older. Both hours and months. Years? Yeah, it's tiny nipples. I don't know anything about a son like him who doesn't listen to the family. I don't know anything about a son like him who doesn't listen to the family. Let me catch you. I'm here to take this heart back. On to part three!


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Next session on the performance of IC engines, we are going to discuss air standard cycle and especially auto cycle. I am Professor Vivek Satay from Mechanical Engineering Department, Valchand Institute of Technology, Sohlapur. Now, let us see what is the outcome of this particular session. You will be able to evaluate and analyze auto cycle. What is expected under this? You must know how to draw the cycle on PV diagram on the TS diagram and possibly you will be able to analyze the expression for efficiency of the auto cycle. Now, before going into the discussion, I will make one say concept clear of air standard efficiency. Now, this is the question that why we require air standard efficiency for analysis. The thing is clear, Karnot cycle is the ideal cycle and very important thing about Karnot is that Karnot never assumes any working medium means Karnot cycle is supposed to be the ideal cycle in which heat supplied and heat rejection say took place with the reservoirs and you know that concept of reservoir is a thought, an idea means we cannot have such reservoir as such in practical cases. In practical cases, either we have to burn air, we have to burn fuel or burn something which can produce motive power. Now, one limitation of Karnot cycle. Now, first thing is limitation I will talk about. If I ask you what is the limitation of Karnot cycle? Can you tell me, I will ask you the question, what are the processes in the Karnot cycle? Yes, they are two isentropics and two isotherms that is true, but how they are connected whether adiabatic is connected to adiabatic or isentropic is connected to isentropic or isentropic connected to isothermal. Yes, if you have a doubt that I can have a isentropic process connected to an isentropic process, can you answer me? I ask a simple question, forget about it, this is the PV diagram, this is the PV diagram in which this is my isentropic, this is my isentropic process that is PV raise to gamma is equal to constant and suppose this is my another isentropic process, say 2 to 3, 2 to 3. Now this may be up or down, it does not it makes no difference because I can have any process which is isentropic and any process which is 1, 2, 3 and isentropic. So what has happened? This process is also PV raise to gamma and this is also PV raise to gamma. Now the salient question is what has happened? Two isentropics have crossed each other, two isentropics have crossed each other. Now when we think of a Karnot engine where there is a isentropic process and isothermal process, isentropic process and isothermal process, this cycle is important means isentropic is connected to isothermal, isothermal is connected to isentropic because if you see the TS diagram that will be picture will be more clear to you, when I draw the TS diagram it looks like this 1, 2, 3 and 4. So what has happened now? This is isentropic followed by isothermal, isentropic followed by isothermal and what is very important? This is compression, this is compression followed by expansion, compression followed by sorry this is expansion followed by compression means this is a compression, this is expansion, this is the compression, this is the expansion. So what is wonderful thing is this is compression, compression, expansion, expansion, this is very important expansion, expansion and this is compression and this is compression. Now many students wonder how we can have a process which is compression, compression followed by expansion, expansion, this is the question that I am asking you, that whenever we have two processes isothermal and isentropic, they follow each other, theoretically it may have practical problems that we are going to see in detail right now. But if I ask you is this possible, my question is is this system possible, yes, can we have two isentropics meeting each other, yes, it is not possible, it is not possible, now let us see what it means. See this is 1 to 2, this is 3 to 1, if I connect one process here, if I connect one process here by some process and suppose this process is isothermal, this process is isothermal, have you got an idea, so I have this one adiabatic, this is an adiabatic and this is isothermal, it is reversible adiabatic, it is adiabatic, it is adiabatic and reversible, this is adiabatic and reversible, so I can call this as isentropic process. If I connect these two points by an isothermal process, then what has happened, I have got area under the curve, I have got area under the curve, now what is area under the curve, it is work done, it is work done. Now you will say that yes sir, we can calculate area under the curve, we can take the area under this curve, area under this curve, minus area under this curve and I can get the answer, it means that you have not understood these statements of second law of thermodynamics. Now let us see, actually in adiabatic do we have heat transfer or heat interaction, no, so heat transfer in this process and in this process is 0, so q is equal to 0 in this process and in this process. Then this is an expansion, in this situation it is expansion, if I reverse the cycle it may be compression, but as this is expansion there is a heat interaction, so q is there, so whenever there is a heat interaction and that is a heat supplied, why heat supplied? Because it is expansion, so when isothermal expansion is there and there is a heat supplied to the system, what has happened as a system for three processes 1, 2, 3, 1, this is cycle, this is what? A cycle, in the cycle I have supplied heat q s and I have applied and I have obtained the work w, so what I am doing, I am interacting with a single reservoir, I am getting a work done from the system, so I am getting this work done from the system, so this is nothing but it is 1 T engine, 1 T engine is thermodynamically not allowed and that is why what has happened, that cannot cycle if you see, it is always a process, this process turns out to be heat rejection, supply, this turns out to be heat supplied, so we have here heat supplied to the system, this is heat rejection because of the nature of the isothermal process, now the question is, is this cycle practically feasible? Because isentropic process is a very fast process, isothermal process is a slow process, again isentropic is a fast process and again it is a slow process, so what has happened, we have got a fast process followed by a slow process, fast process followed by a slow process, it is not possible to have mechanical linkage which can handle this particular process in detail, so what happened, though it is a ideal cycle, though it gives you the maximum value of the efficiency that is possible, it is a guideline, then actually in the engine we burn fuel, that may be petrol, that may be diesel, that may be LPG, that may be CNG, that may be mixed fuel, that may be any other thing, we are discussing that part in detail afterwards, but right now if you burn fuel what will happen, there is a process which is completely different than the ideal one, but still we require some ideal process, so that we can compare our actual process with that particular process and that ideal process instead of your Carnot engine, we assume that it is an air standard cycle, so what is air standard cycle, in air standard cycle we assume that air is a working medium, so very important things that we must know about this air standard efficiency is that, there are various assumptions that we make and these are very important assumptions that we have, the first important assumption is we assume that it is an ideal gas, it is an ideal gas, see there is a difference, Carnot engine is ideal engine, but the air standard efficiency we evaluate using ideal gas as a working fluid, now when we have got an ideal gas it uses, it obeys PV is equal to MRT, there is no change in CP, CP and CV they are constant, so these are the basic two assumptions, there is no, there is a mass conservation that is M is equal to constant, so with this basic three assumptions we go for the analysis of cycles, so there are some standard cycles for which we are evaluating the efficiencies, one is the auto cycle, second is a diesel cycle and third is a dual cycle, so auto cycle is used for petrol engines, diesel cycle is used for diesel engines and dual is also used for diesel engines, so that part we will see in the next session, so in the next session we will go for auto cycle analysis in which we will draw the PV diagram and TS diagram, we will derive the expression for efficiency of auto cycle and the same procedure we will be adopting for finding out the efficiencies for diesel and dual, I think that part you can do as an assignment afterwards, now those who are interested in studying the further part about the subject, they can go for internal combustion engine Heavood or internal combustion engine by Gupta, so now your picture is clear, we started with our thermodynamics, thermodynamic analysis of Carnot cycle, then we studied that Carnot cycle is valid only for 2T engine, if there are multiple resource reservoirs, sources and sinks, we have to go for classes in equality, then after that we have seen that though it is a Carnot engine is ideal engine, the practical engine will not work on that because it is a fast process followed by a slow process, mechanical linkage is not possible, so we have using the actual cycles are using fuels, but for that we are again some ideal that is called as an air standard cycle and for that air standard cycles, say we are studying in detail about auto, diesel and dual cycle, once we study that then we can go further for the actual cycles, so what is the difference between the ideal cycle that is air standard cycle and the actual cycle and then we can do the comparison, but remember always Carnot efficiency is going to be the guiding limit for maximum efficiency of an engine operating between the highest temperature in a cycle and the lowest temperature in a cycle, so thank you for this particular session, in the next session we will meet and discuss the auto cycle in detail, thank you once again.


What's up everybody, once again it's Brand Man Shine and I'm back with another episode of Inside the Network where we show you exclusive conversations from inside of brandmannetwork.com where we speak with artists, managers and producers through specific conversations, specific situations that they're dealing with so we can help them move and make progress along the way. I know you guys who have made a lot of progress, it's only a limited amount but this conversation right here is something that you need to listen to if you've ever been thinking and overthinking your promotional process and there's something, a huge gem as a matter of fact that I have to speak on at the end that's going to change how you take advice and perceive strategies that you try to implement when it comes to your music. So, let's get into it. So I've been doing a lot of projects or in the works of a lot of projects and I kind of want to give my audience an insight on the progress that I made and stuff like that. Kind of like vlogging the journey or documenting it in a sense but at the same time I don't want to give out too much because it's like the music being created like me recording the demos, the lyrics. I used to back in the day used to go live and write music and show people the process but now I'm more I don't know self-conscious in a sense and I don't want to show people that but I'm trying to like show people something without giving out too much away where the song is you know because repetitive or anything before it even comes out in a sense. So basically you're afraid of promoing yourself or giving too much away but you got to realize man you're you basically just defeated the purpose of what a lot of promo looks to do right? Like you're basically just said I'm afraid of people hearing the song and memorizing the song and them not being able and when it comes out them already knowing it. But I don't even know when it's like from the looks of it like I'm working on like three different songs at the same time. You don't know when and that's just gonna be an Easter egg for people who are your fans and actually watch that process and carry on throughout that process. Can I go? You want? Yeah go ahead. About the promoing early Playboy Cardi his pissy pamper song got leaked right and like for months and months like people are just listening to that song listening to that song.  There it is like it doesn't have the effect that you think it is a lot of times we over over analyze that the biggest things that you get from a music industry standpoint where they really look at it as a negative thing is they don't have full control over all the assets the way it's going out which means they can't monetize it how they like to right but that's why I try to encourage artists to really consider where they're getting their information from or the perspective from and it doesn't mean it's coming from a wrong perspective but it's just like okay if this is what I'm hearing from this type of media and these type of artists what what do they care about what they're working they're with these labels labels they're measuring different things they're measuring I'm trying to get up the charts right they're measuring did we get the return on all the money we we put out right now you know you're more than likely measuring how many people actually listen to this song like this song and want to become my fan because of this song you're thinking a lot less about that other stuff that comes from oh I can control where it's heard how it's heard and all that stuff so your concerns about the leakage or well it wouldn't be necessarily a leak but like that promo that super early promo is it's different because the consumption is going to be going to be similar especially at your level by the time you put it out and when you actually put energy about it is you're probably gonna have way more people here that never heard it before it's it's not like you are playboy Carter yet where people are just gonna find out you got a leak and then check it out so I wouldn't I wouldn't over concern myself about that and because it's a documentary type process that you're talking about I'm gonna hear this song I'm gonna hear pieces of the song but and so it's gonna get me familiar with the song but I'm not gonna be pushing replay on your damn documentary just to get the little snippet again again and again so it'll create the familiarity but it's not going to likely tire people of the song you get I mean all right so that's it for that video again it's from brandmannetwork.com a great conversation and man that one definitely actually went into some very specific details at some point but again sometimes we can't show those parts of videos because it's sensitive we really get into artists personal situations with their music but there's a huge thing that I want to add or just elaborate on that we start to talk about in that video and that's where you get your advice from how you perceive how you implement advice again a lot of times you're hearing advice that isn't necessarily bad a lot of times we'll say oh that's bad advice we throw bad and good advice out there generally but oftentimes it's not bad and good it's subjective to what your actual goals are and your goal should be understanding the goal in mind of the person who's speaking right and what game are they playing and that's why I often try to separate the difference between an artist on level one and an artist on level ten an independent artist and an artist who signed right or a music professional who's in the industry but because if they're playing a different game if they're measuring success by different key performance indicators their advice could definitely be true but it might not be what's best for you right it might not help you get to your specific goal because they're playing a different ball game if my goal is to hit the charts if my goal is to pay my investors back ASAP if my goal is just right now super general to go viral and get as much attention as possible all of those things lead towards different and specific actions even if we think about that marketing funnel right there's the awareness the consideration the conversion and then the brand ambassador when we try to get people to really get deep into the word of mouth even in your own funnel at each phase of that right and what you're trying to do and accomplish there's different advice that applies at all times right and then you consider your brand and all those other things at hand it's hard to take just general advice especially like on the channel that's why we created brandmannetwork.com so we can speak to artists about their specific situation get context you see how long some of these clips get in just them talking and then us talking back before the answer even comes because the context actually matters we can only do so much by listening to general general videos but of course that's hard with time as well where you can't just do that with a hundred thousand artists right it's impossible it's hard to do that with a thousand artists right so understand when you watch my videos when you watch any videos out there when you're looking at any general advice particularly when it's not specific to you it's your goal right to be able to take that information and take the pieces that apply for you in that moment and that's where most people get messed up though not understanding what piece applies to them at one moment and what plate piece doesn't because I'll tell you this a lot of artists right start to say mmm this advice is getting old I'm starting to hear this over and over again or oh you not saying nothing new right I'll even see that about some of my videos right and the thing is oftentimes why artists run into this is a lack of self-awareness because it's all perspective when you're on level one stuff will look and sound different than it does to level two so some things might click with you immediately at that time but when you get to level two you might look at that exact same video in a completely different way and get a totally different thing from it but you can't get or understand that because you just don't have the insight and perspective and the experience to relate to it that way a perfect example is listening to maybe one of your favorite albums when you're 10 years old versus when you're 20 years old or watching a movie or TV show when you're one age versus another age and then another five years go by and then another five years goes by you learn more stuff and now you start to register references that happened that you missed because you weren't aware of the reference even existing that's why perspective is so valuable all right whenever you're you're stuck on that level and you're not taking action and this is the part where I really say artists get stuck on is anybody stuck in a cycle not taking action will never get to the part where they can actually see the situation differently right so when you're actually listening these videos you get stuck of watching and you get stuck in the cycle of watching just for entertainment and forget to keep making action as an artist you're going to start finding this struggle and you're going to start eventually feeling it and artists I've seen start to give up and not even want to be artists anymore because they keep ramming their heads against the wall just by trying these short terms never having a discipline to really play things out and make progress and that lack of progress is is is a toxic or taxing at the very least so again all that is to say is make sure you're putting this stuff to work make sure you're implementing this but bring it full circle make sure before you decide to implement or before you decide the quality of the advice that you're getting make sure that the quality is judged on where you are and how you can implement it right now and shelve the rest of the advice because it's not as necessarily bad is just because you're not in a position to utilize it and the last thing I'll say is it's huge because I see a lot of artists also not sometimes register or sometimes they don't register advice that doesn't apply to them or realize hey man you know like there's this other stuff and it actually is quality is not fluff you just don't get it because of where you are there's this other side of things where sometimes artists get stuck trying to apply things that have nothing to do with where they are sometimes you're trying to apply advice too early without setting the foundation so you never get benefits even if you actually pull a little bit of it off you can't be fruitful with it and is not going to be sustainable because the foundation to capture it and to manage it and then build off of it isn't in place there's a lot of things that I know or to know to do when it comes to marketing but almost every single time when I start a new product or I start a new platform on helping a new artist or helping a new business I have to wait to get to the step where I apply some of those other things because if I'm building something sustainable then it's like man I got to build all this infrastructure I want to do this oh man that trend just happened I could have capitalized off of it right now would have been so perfect but at the same time if I do it is not going to result to anything it'll just be a waste of time because I know it'll put me in a similar situation of artists who become one hit wonders because they blow up don't have the infrastructure in place to handle it right to convert fans to capitalize and monetize off of fans all those things are not in place so sometimes register the fact that some of this advice also even if it sounds great just isn't for you right now get yourself inspired by the fact that hey I want to get there when I can use that right it's like Beyonce doing a surprise album some of these artists get surprised when they surprise albums have zero views because nobody cares you didn't surprise anybody because nobody even knew about it right like there's small things that are powerful but it's all based on the subjective place that you are so that's it and again this clip right here was brought to you by brandmannetword.com because I signed myself these are the type of conversations that we have in the network for situations specific to you whether it's sharing your Facebook ads on the screen because we're trying to get you to a concert and helping artists perform at concerts overseas which we've done so many other aspects getting artists on all these types of things these are the type of conversations we have in the limited space it will be closing at some point that'll be announced soon I'll go deeper into that later but you like this video go ahead like button if you like it you might as well share it and if you're not subscribed you know what to do hit that subscribe button


Hello everyone, welcome to Options with Doug, streaming live daily on the Bookmap Discord Channel and Bookmap YouTube at 1.30 p.m. Eastern Time. Before I get started, I need to go through the disclosures. General disclosure, all Bookmap limited materials, information, and presentations are for educational purposes only and should not be considered specific investment advice nor recommendations. Risk disclosure, treating futures, equities, and options involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. The focus of my presentation and the focus of the Options-Doug chat channel and Discord is Options, order flow, the impact of options markets on stocks and futures, and the influence of market maker hedging flow on price action. I have a two-step process for trading and the first is positional analysis. I look at real-time order flow in Bookmap and real-time market maker hedging flow in Spot Gamma Hero to confirm my thesis and for setups for entries and exits. And just to be clear, I will be talking about setups today and they can be taken either with shares, futures, or options. I'm just talking about an underlying, not specific setups in a specific instrument unless I say otherwise. And again, my planning is based on the options market, but the underlying setups can be taken any number of ways. Questions and comments are welcome and I will be watching the Options-Doug chat channel and Discord and also the chat and YouTube for your questions and comments. All right, let's get started. Hello, Grasshopper, glad you're here and yeah, I'm feeling a little better. Still have a little bit of a cough, but definitely better. All right, let's get started. My agenda for today, what I'm going to cover, first of all, go over news items and for today and the rest of the week, I'll go through my positional analysis. I'll talk about setups and then we'll take a look at the live market. All right, so first of all, news items, pretty light week. Today, VIXXXPRAIT was VIXXXPRAITion, I believe, at 9 a.m. Eastern Time. And then on Friday is the May OptionsXPRAITion and also Powell, Jerome Powell, FOMC Chair, speaks at 11 a.m. Eastern Time. I'm not sure what the occasion is, but the economic calendar that I looked at has Powell speaking at 11 a.m. Eastern Time and there are a number of other Fed speakers throughout the week. All right, let's take a look at charts. Start with positional analysis. And this is the S&P 500 futures and book map. And before I take a closer look at this chart, I want to take a look at a larger time frame. Excuse me, bad cough. This is the SPX in a 30-day one-hour chart in Thinkorswim. And what this is showing is SPX appears to be breaking out of the 4100 to 4150 range that it has been trading in since Monday last week. That would be right here. Trading in this very narrow range, which is kind of unexpected for a expiration week. I expected this range expansion to happen after expiration. And I believe that's what SpotGamma expected as well. So anyway, that is SPX. Okay, how's that? There was a note that my charts were not on in Discord. They were displaying in YouTube. Is that better? Can you see my SPX chart now? Okay, great. Sorry about that. A little technical difficulty. All right, so this is, as I was saying, this is SPX in a 30-day one-hour chart. And this is showing SPX has been trading in this very narrow range since Monday last week. In the 4100 to 4150 range. And it appears to be breaking out now. And it's also trading well above the upper edge of the expected move for the week. For the day, I'm sorry. So let me point out some levels here. First of all, the dash purple lines showing the lower and upper edge of the expected move for the week. And then for the day, the dash blue lines, light blue lines, are showing the lower and upper edge of the expected move for the day. And it appears that SPX is trading well above that level now. And also, again, trading above the 4150 level. And actually, this occurred as I was running errands. So if anybody knows if there was any news today, maybe something about the debt ceiling. But anyway, SPX really took off. Let me point out a couple of other levels here. First of all, for SPX, this chart is also showing spot gamma levels. And these are provided to spot gamma subscribers for a variety of platforms. And we'll see them in book map as well. So first of all, 4000 is the absolute gamma strike that's shown here. And that is down from yesterday. Yesterday, it briefly, the absolute gamma strike briefly jumped up to 4150. And now for today, at least, it is back at 4000. And then the put wall moved up to 4050. So that's shown here. So the absolute gamma strike is a strike with the largest absolute gamma. And the put wall is a strike with the largest net negative gamma that can be expected to act as support. And the volatility trigger here at 4110 is spot gamma's proprietary gamma flip level. And below that level, market makers position on the gamma curve is negative. In a negative gamma environment, they have to trade with price to hedge their delta exposure. And in a positive gamma environment, like SPX is trading now, market makers position on the gamma curve is positive. And they have to, and that's above the volatility trigger, they have to trade against price to hedge their delta exposure. And that tends to subdue volatility. And we'll look at the VANA model and see how market makers can be expected to be trading right now. And then finally, here's the call wall at 4200 that has remained at that strike for quite some time. That's the strike with the largest net positive gamma. And that can be expected to act as resistance. All right, so those are the primary or the key daily levels that I follow. That's for SPX breaking out of the recent range. It appears right now. And let's take a look at a another thinkorswim chart, just a one day, one minute chart. And this will show the levels that are in play for today. And I'm going to have to, and let me scroll down just a little bit here. And this 4150 level was noted as resistance in the spot gamma AM founders note. So SPX briefly traded below the zero gamma level at 4117. And then has been trending up ever since then and then really took off after this consolidation just below the upper edge, the expected move for the day shown by the dash blue line. And then has gone straight up past the 4150 resistance level with just a brief retest of that level. All right, so here is the bookmap chart of ES. And this chart I have two columns of notes. The first, these are the spot gamma cloud notes. And they're again provided to spot gamma subscribers for a variety of platforms. And here they're provided to bookmap users in the form of cloud notes. And this is showing that 4150 level converted to an equivalent ES number. So right now, spot gamma is using a difference in price between ES and SPX of 13 points. That's what I calculated this morning. So I'm showing that same level, the 4150 level there. And that is acting as that is that was anticipated to act as resistance. And then here's that this is the upper edge, the expected move for the day for ES. So it's a little bit different than the SPX number. And note that this 4125 large gamma 2 level was in play this morning as resistance, as well as the SPY 412 absolute gamma strike. And that was a spot gamma did expect that to act as a price magnet today. Let's just and note that that level earlier in the day did act. Most of the volume for the session so far is concentrated down here below. And trade has zoomed really taken off quite a bit higher. But the volume concentrated down in the 411 to 413 range for SPY. And it appears that this 411 SPY 411 large gamma 2 as well as the zero gamma level for SPX did act to support this morning. Those levels here. All right, that is the SAP 500. We'll talk about setups in a few minutes. Let's go to the NASDAQ. And I have SPOT gamma cloud notes as well as my own cloud notes here. And I'll focus on my own cloud notes. SPOT gamma appears to be they have been using the same price difference between NQ and NDX. Those levels are shown here in the SPOT gamma cloud notes columns. And that's not correct. It's a larger point difference between NQ and NDX. And I have calculated that level and then I'm showing those levels on my chart. And note that right now the NASDAQ is trading above the upper edge of the expected move for the day. And also the QQQ 330 call wall. And let's just take a look at a QQQ chart. Again, a thinkorswim. I'm going to have to adjust this chart. So 327 this morning. It appears acted as support. Then the 328 level. Price briefly paused at this combo L4 level. And now it's trading above the call wall. So those are the levels that are in play for QQQ the NASDAQ today. All right, let's take a look at let's finish up the positional analysis. And I want to take a look at the absolute gamma levels and I'll talk about shifts and levels while I'm doing that. Let's start with SPX. So for SPX 4000 is the absolute gamma strike. This chart is showing positive gamma recall gamma above the zero line with orange bars. And negative gamma or put gamma below the zero line with the blue bars. So this is the absolute gamma strike. That's the strike with the largest absolute gamma. And then here's the put wall and it has moved up from 4000 yesterday to 4050 today. That is the strike with the largest net negative gamma that can be expected to act as support. And note also the concentration of gamma at 4100 and 4150. And now SPX is trading above that 4150 level. Next target most likely the 4200 call wall. That's the strike with the largest net. Positive gamma that can be expected to act as resistance. So that's SPX. Let's take a look at SPI. I'm going to zoom in on this chart. And again same thing as the other chart. Positive gamma call gamma shown with the orange bars and negative gamma or put gamma shown with the blue bars. And here is the 412. That is the absolute gamma strike. And also the volatility trigger. And I did forgot to mention for SPX.  So for SPI there were no shifts in levels. So again the absolute gamma strike remains at 412. The put wall remains at 400. And the call wall remains at 420. So that's SPI. I'm going to do a refresh here. Let's take a look at NDX. And I won't zoom in on this chart. This is just showing mostly call gamma with the orange bars. And the call wall and absolute gamma strike remain at 12975. Which is not shown on this chart. It would be down to the left. And then QQQ, zoom in on this chart. And for QQQ there were a couple shifts higher in levels. First of all the volatility trigger shifted higher to 326. Put wall shifted up to 310 from 300 yesterday. That's the strike with the largest net negative gamma. And the absolute gamma strike remains at 325. And the call wall at 330. And remember now QQQ is trading above its call wall. Let's take a look at one other thing on this chart. Going to go to the Vana model. And I think it is important to look at this chart every day to give you a sense of how market makers may be hedging. So for those of you who have not seen this chart, it is showing market makers delta notional, delta exposure on the vertical axis and price on the horizontal axis. And what this is showing is how market makers delta notional changes with changes in price. That's shown by this light gray curve here. And what this is showing is as price increases, then market makers will have to sell futures to hedge their delta exposure. And that's typical of a positive gamma environment. And then this purple curve is adding implied volatility to the equation. So this curve is showing how market makers delta notional will change with changes in price and with changes in implied volatility. And that's the Vana effect, the change in delta with a change in implied volatility. And what this is indicating is that as price increases, market makers may have less delta to hedge as price increases as predicted by the gray line. And then on the other hand, if price decreases and implied volatility increases, they will have more delta notional to hedge. Let's just see where SBX is trading right now. I've got SBX at 4164, and that is about so around here, just a little bit higher than where I'm holding my cursor on this vertical line. So what this is showing, the purple curve is showing market makers hedging activity should be fairly neutral at this point. That is kind of the bottom of the curve. So as price starts to increase, they will have to start selling futures. And that is also indicated by the SBX trading above its volatility trigger. And SPI is as well. All right, so let's take a look at one other thing here. This is the Spot Gamma Gamma Index that I want to focus on. And that is shown here. And this is a proprietary measurement of total market gamma, market makers position. And note the numbers for SPX and SPI at the beginning of the day today were negative, indicating market makers position on the gamma curve was slightly negative. And that will most certainly change if price continues to move higher like it is today. That will most likely shift back to positive. So all these numbers shifted lower from yesterday. And again, I expect them to shift higher today after today. So tomorrow I expect all these numbers to be positive. And again, this is just based on information at the beginning of the day. All right, let's take a look at some setups. And I'm going to review the S&P 500 NASDAQ a few stock setups. And then we'll take a look at the live market. I'm going to start with the S&P 500. This is Hero, for those of you who may not be familiar with this chart. This chart is showing a combined hero signal. That's H-I-R-O, Hedging Impact of Real-Time Options for SPX, SPI, and ES Futures. All into one combined signal. So it's showing price with the white line. And options trades and market maker hedging activity with the purple line. And the purple line right now I have set on the defaults, which is the all explorations and also the cumulative signal for the entire day. All right, let's take a look at the individual components of this and then we'll take a closer look at this chart. So first of all, this number is positive. The combined signal, 844 million now just shifted down to 809 million. And let's take a look at SPX. And that's quite positive at 1.9 billion. This is in terms of notional value. SPX quite positive, SPI just about the other way around at negative. And the tie goes to the ES Futures. Giving a positive signal on a very strong correlation, confirmation of the price moving higher. So it appears that SPX and SPI are canceling each other out. And then traders trading options in the ES are driving price. So that's ESB 500. Let's take a look at the total signal and we'll zoom in. And I primarily trade the morning session. So from 9.30 to 11 a.m. is primarily when I do my day trading. And then I have to start preparing for this presentation and may have errands or other things like that. So what I saw this morning was first of all, confirmation of a short, hero falling, price off so drops. And then a confirmation long starting around 10 a.m. And we'll go into book map in just a minute and look at these. And then what appears to be, what appeared to be a divergence lower that did not play out. And notice that as hero drop price did consolidate somewhat. And then continued higher than options traders joined the party again. So let's take a look at the early morning and we'll do this quickly and then we'll get to the live market. So there's a confirmation short and a confirmation long. So first of all, I'm going to have to zoom in on what appears to be at this point a pretty insignificant portion of the chart. Alright, so there's the short of the morning about anywhere from the open to 9.45. Oops, and I'm looking at NASDAQ. Sorry about that. Let's go to ES. And that was a good short in NASDAQ as well. So let me go to, so there's the short for ES in the morning. Move lower. Here's the, the best setup, the reversal at the spy 412 level down just below the spy 411 level. And that's confirmed by order flow. Note the CVD stops icebergs all moving lower. Then there was a large iceberg by as traders were taking positive delta options positions and price move higher. Consolidated just below the spy 412 level right there and then tested this 4125 level about six times before taking off higher. A little bit more chop and then around 1130 price just takes off as a final test of the 412 level and just zooms higher. And note all the stop orders driving price higher. That's shown by this rising yellow line in the sub chart. Now up to the spy 416 level also close to the upper edge of the expected move for the week. Alright, so that was the setups in ES. First of short, first thing in the morning and then also along after that both confirmed by hero. And that's, so that's what I saw in the morning. Let's take a look at NASDAQ. Pretty similar price action. So at this point in the morning without any knowledge of what, what was going to happen. There's the short setup. Let's go take a look at hero for NASDAQ. So for NASDAQ this is similar to S&P 500. It's combined signal for NDX and QQQ. Long tool, combined signal for NDX and QQQ. And I believe this is pretty similar to yesterday is that options traders were pretty much fading this move higher throughout the day. So other factors driving price higher. Let's just zoom in on this chart. So what I saw this morning and again remember I have no, no foresight about what was going to happen later on. So all this confirmation of the move lower and let's go back to book map now. So there was a confirmation short confirmed by order flow. So a short anywhere here down to QQQ 327. So good for about a 40 point move lower in an NQ. And this is confirmed by order flow. Iceberg selling, sell stop orders, aggressive sellers selling. And then let's go back to take a look at hero. So note the slight shift higher and hero here at 10am just about one price reverses higher. And then hero drops off but price continues higher.  So think of a football play initiated with after touchdown or the beginning of a game with a kickoff. And then the kickoff team heads off the field and the other team either defense or offense and this case offense takes the field. So that kind of looks like what has happened here in NASDAQ. So remember initially traders were taking positive delta positions and then they exit the field but price continues higher as buy stop orders primarily are fueling the move higher. And with some chop that has really just continued for the day. Pretty similar chart to SPX. This jump up to this 13,500 level, a couple of tests at that level. And then it looks like iceberg orders have been participating at the move higher. Large traders with iceberg orders they use to hide their size as well as primarily stop orders. Fueling this move higher as options traders appear to be fading the move. So a hero kickoff setup there at the QQQ 327 level. And now again NQQQQ trading well above that 330 call wall. All right let's take a quick look at some stock setups and then we'll get back to the live market. The first one it would just jump pretty quickly through these. There's Apple and I'm going to actually just go on let's go on to take a look at AMD. And this is more in sync with what the market is doing now. Let's take a look at hero. Zoom in on a little bit on the morning of what I was looking at. Notice the 100 key gamma strike and what appears to be a hero divergence at that level. So price moves down, hero starts moving up, makes a higher low. And then price follows after testing that 100 level a couple of times. Let's go back and take a look at book map. So there's the test of the 100 key gamma strike and as traders started taking positive delta positions, price has moved higher up four points so far up to 104. Primary liquidity targets 102, 103, 104 and then 105 above if price continues higher. Right, so that's AMD. Let's take a look at Microsoft. It was actually a short setup this morning. And with the price this strong, we'll see if it turned around that appears that it did. So looking at looking at a short setup this morning, let me just adjust this. All these small green dots and purple and red dots. This is the sweeps and resorptions indicators and you can set a multiplier here. I'm going to tone it down a bit so there's not so much of that. And we can just look at price action. Right, so that's better. Let's take a look at Microsoft and hero now. So what I was looking at is this short setup this morning. So hero is still negative for Microsoft. So this is setting up a potential short, this divergence that I'm looking at here. And we'll see how that plays out. Right, so the next is Nvidia. Interesting chart here. Very typical price action for Nvidia. Chop from the open till for the first 30 to 60 minutes shown here. And then the orange line is showing call buyers. So price takes off when traders start buying calls. And when traders buy calls, market makers sell the calls and they have to buy stock to hedge their delta exposure. And then prices pretty much follows call buyers for the rest of the session so far. Let's go take a look at book map. Looks like I'm going to have to add more levels here. So 300 is the call wall. So 300, that's the call wall for Nvidia. It looks like price has stalled at that level. Here is the morning chop, just a low over 30 minutes. And then traders start buying calls and price shoots higher. Consolidates and then starts to move higher again around 1230. Up two points to the 300 call wall. And then finally Tesla. And Tesla 175 is the call wall. And call buyers were driving price action in Tesla. Take a look at hero for Tesla. So for Tesla, traders were buying calls shown by the rising orange line. And they were also selling puts. But it looks like the strongest correlation is with the call buyers. And that is certainly the larger number, 162 million versus positive 56 million for the blue line. Traders are buying calls and selling puts. And if they continue to buy calls, I certainly expect price to go up and check that 175 call wall level. All right, so that is the setups that I want to review. So we've gone through positional analysis review of setups. And now we'll take a look at the live market first. I want to take a look at these are alerts. And I'm going to start with Wednesday here. This GME, this is all Wednesday. And most of these are call wall breaches. So for today, the dashboard is noting a call wall breach for GME, Amazon, Bank of America, Meta, Google, QQQ. And we talked about that and also NVIDIA. Excuse me. All right, let's take a look at the broad market now. Let's start with the S&P 500. See what options traders are doing. So it appears now that options traders are fading this move. Let's slice and dice this signal a little bit and see if we can get some additional insight. So we have the total. This is the one day look back period. All expirations. First of all, let's take a look at what zero DTE traders are doing. And pretty similar to the total signal. Just right now, a little bit more positive. The zero DTE options traders are shown with this green line. And then all expiration shown with the purple line. But so far making slightly lower highs. And it looks like price may be following a bit. And let's go back to all expirations. We'll change the look back period. And now to a 30 minute rolling window. So I'm just looking at the last 30 minutes of data. And it definitely looks like a divergence here. Hero continues to make lower highs. And now it's moving down a little bit more aggressively. Let's go take a look at ES now. See if there's any response and price. Right now it looks like larger traders are starting to fade this move a little bit. With iceberg orders not in large size. But they are selling. And let's just see what this 416 level is. It is a spot gamma level. Going to go to let me open up this. 416. Actually not shown on this chart. Looks like it has been updated since the morning. So that 416 is no longer shown on this chart. It was this morning. So scratch that. So when I set up my, let's see if I have it on the spy chart. Let's go to book map. Go to spy. Nope, I was wrong. But 416 must have been a mistake. So that is not a spot gamma level. So what appears to be happening now and the SMB500 is just consolidation. Maybe later on in the afternoon this will roll over a little bit. But so far just a quick, a sharp move higher consolidation between 415 and 416. Take a look at NASDAQ. Pretty similar price action. Looks like larger traders are starting to fade this move with iceberg orders. Let's just zoom in on this. So for NASDAQ, again iceberg orders. Let's see what options traders are doing. So for SMB500 they continue to be taking negative delta positions now. Let's take a look at NASDAQ. And we know they have been, traders have been taking negative delta positions all day so far with not much success. Let's just see what traders are doing. Whoops. So they are buying puts and buying calls. And even though the put buyers are much more aggressive, notice this is minus 894 million versus positive 121 million. So traders again are buying puts, buying calls, and the call buyers are on the right side of the trade have been so far today. And zero DTE options traders right in line with total expiration. So it appears to be that almost all of the options flow is in zero DTE, which is pretty interesting. And let's just take a note of that number minus around 767 million for zero DTE. Let's go take a look at QQQ. And most likely just about all of that is QQQ note. Well, yeah, that is for the zero DTE about 898 million negative. Whereas for NDX, it's positive. And it looks like all expirations are much larger, about three times larger than two and a half, three times larger than the zero DTE. And they have definitely been on the right side of the trade. And potentially anybody trading NDX options is going to have some size. It's a big index, expensive options, not a lot of liquidity there, but definitely on the right side of the trade today. And that's something to remember for the future. If you're looking at hero for the NASDAQ and also for the S&P 500, watch the futures. Let's go back to book map. So nothing here but consolidation. No change in stop orders, not much change in cumulative volume delta. Take a look at ES. Alright, does anybody have any stocks if they want me to take a look at anything else? Please let me know. Let's just see. Okay, Danny asked for, Danny Boy asked for CL. And CL is not here. There's no, they're not, CL is not included in hero. So there's no, as far as I know, no options trades driving CL like equities and equity indexes here. I may be wrong, but anyway, Spot Gamma does not have crude oil futures here. Yeah, there may be something like XLE or something like that, but not. That's the ETF that tracks the energy industry. So let's just take a look at this. So, so far it looks like the options trades in ES futures have slowed down, kind of shut down now. Leveled off and the price is corresponding. So again, I'm just looking at the ES futures here. Option trades for ES futures, not the entire SOB 500 signal. Let's go back and take a look at the entire signal. And so far, the entire signal has not provided much pressure. Even though a hero is moving lower price, again, is barely moving. And a YouTube Eric says, thank you for the awesome presentation. You're welcome. Thank you for your kind words. And hope you'll join me every day. Take one last look at NASDAQ. All right, so Uncle Lass, what is pulling the hero down if it's not ES futures? So remember, this is, there are three parts to this. So first of all, let's take a look at SPX. And this has also been very strongly correlated to price action today. So that number is positive 1.83 billion. So that is SPX spy minus 2.55 billion. And then ES futures. And that is positive 782 million. So when I add all those numbers together, I get something close to zero, which is pretty much shown here at 51 million, now 34 million. So the combined signal is pretty much flat for looking at all expirations combined signal for the day. So primarily spy, both ES and SPX are positive. And spy is the only one that's negative. And presumably larger traders, institutional traders, this may not be the case, would be trading SPX and ES, and then retail traders, smaller traders trading spy options. And maybe they'll get their way later on, but so far the net for the day is fairly small. Right now back up to 117 billion. Take one last look at NASDAQ. And that signal continues to move lower. And again, that's a combination of NDX and QQQ. So the same story here. NDX positive for the day and QQQ negative for the day. Pretty much straight down. Take one last look at book map, still consolidation for ES, maybe starting to move lower in QQ, more consolidation between 331 and 332. And larger traders continue to sell with icebergs. But so far, I would say if this starts to get going to the downside, I would look for stop orders to start to feel the move lower. So maybe QQQ traders will start to get their way and price will move lower. Alright, that's all I have for today. I want to thank you for your questions and comments. Thanks for watching. And I'll see you tomorrow. Thanks again. Bye.


Okay, so the today's topic of my discussion, the presentation area is the agile leader. So for the success of agile, so most of the agile leaders, so they always, they are responsible in leading the teams and they are responsible, jointly responsible in getting the success. So the main theme of my topic is whether they spend most of the time in developing the people or they should spend most of the time in delivering the solutions. So this is a main theme of the topic. So I have some slides which are in the certain slides in the Pichakucha's concept. Some slides keeps changing automatically and some slides keep, they remain stagnant. So how many of you know what is Pichakucha concept? So for the benefit of others who do not know what is Pichakucha concept, the Pichakucha is a Japanese concept where this animation or for interaction designers, they convey the whole concept in 20 slides. So each slide remains 20 seconds on the screen and they keep changing automatically. So that means when the presentation is done in Pichakucha style, each slide, the person has to stick for 20 minutes or 20 seconds only. So if it doesn't stick, then automatically it changes out to the next slide. So some of my presentation is in the Pichakucha concept. So whatever I am going to present is out of my own experiences as a coach and as a trainer since last six, six and a half years. So the agenda which I am going to cover is first I will be discussing what are the current challenges in the agile teams because of lack of personal leadership style of agile leaders. So that I have observed in my experience since last six years. So that I will discuss initially first then I will come to what are the different leadership styles so which are available and what kind of leadership style is best suited for agile leadership kind of thing. So I will spend some time on that and then I come to what is the, what is the suggested recommendation based out on my own experience for an effective agile leadership quality.