Welcome to the annual DEF CON convention. This meeting was held in exciting Las Vegas, Nevada from July 9th through the 11th, 1999. This is video tape number 11. Pagan, it's not way to your guy. I don't know how that happened. You can catch my email address at technopaganatmailcity.com. Thank you. Yeah, that's T-E-C-H-N-O-P-A-G-A-N at mailcity.com. I jumped off the USA.net because they want money to forward mail. I'm like, no, no, no. I'm finding someplace else to play. We're just kidding. There we go. I need a little background of myself, how I started getting into radio and electronics. This is my nose boot. I'm going to play with my drink bottle. There we go. Electronics and radio.  So I'm going to take this out to the DEF CON sheet from me and just tell me what happened to it. Take some pictures. Anyway, what got me started, I can get a bit of background myself, is when I was about four years old, my father hand me a flashlight. I thought that was the most fantastic thing in the world. I could go exploring outside in the dark and I don't have a cord falling behind me and nobody could find me. That was really interesting. That's what sparked my interest in getting into electronics. When I was in grammar school, my mother came and got me a 100-month project, a radio shack, and that was a beat-all-and-all of everything. You could build great little things, be creative, a lot of satisfaction out of that. Currently, because of that, I went to tech school. I'm working in the microsensors industry now. We make very small sensing units. It's really fun stuff. Let's see. Oh, am I disclaimer for this little talk?  I think that's what information is for. Radio and computers work great together. No doubt about it. For example, I went out to the Pomona Fairgrounds in California, and I needed to pick up some cash from an ATM. Walk up to the ATM, walk around it. There's only a plug plug in the ground. And nowhere else do I find any wire.  You know, God, what do I see? An antenna sitting on top of the ATM. And it is not a cellular phone antenna. I'm thinking myself now, who is that talking to? Is there somebody listening to my transaction? Just how secure is this? Well, if you had a scanner and a couple of other small tools, you'd probably be able to sniff that traffic just by putting a small poll in its way and just reading whatever data comes through it. It wouldn't take long to figure out what carrier frequency it's on, judging by the size of the antenna. That's really cute. So all of you out there on computer land might want to take a trip to radio land because you can read the data going by. I'm going to sit down. Let's see, where should I start? The other reason why you'd want to get into radio and combine it with your computer hobby is I'm sure that some of you out there want to send unique information to a small group of your friends. And you don't want anybody knowing that the information was sent. Well, if you're sending your files over the phone lines, all you need to do is walk up and sniff that with a little pickup coil and find out information is going back and forth across this line. There's only one place to look on the phone line. Well heck, if you're doing that over radio, where do you look? Where do you start? You can't really tell if somebody is actually listening to something. And if you're transmitting data back and forth, you can direct the energy from the radio antenna in a very small area. So you're really kind of hard to find if you're transmitting data back and forth. The other advent of computers and radio are connected to a bunch of different things. Satellite links, the global positioning system, that's not really something to hack. It'd be fun to watch the data go by.  Some ATMs that have sorted fairgrounds, that'd be interesting to look into. Packet, radio, and the amateur radio bands. I'll get into that in a little bit.  That's where you can send information on the packet radio network, which is worldwide. This system, you can send letters, pictures, any number of things that you can send digitally. The uniqueness about this is it's kind of slow, but it's extremely robust. In fact, when you send information of a packet radio, the sending computer sends out a packet burst and waits for the return to come back that the packet was received okay. And it will keep sending that same packet over and over and over again until it gets, I received that packet, that's good, send another one. So if there's interference or somebody's trying to mess up your signal, the heart of the packet radio tries to send that signal through. It's really unique stuff, it's fun. Let's see. Oh yeah, the amateur radio service is one great way to get familiar with how to hook your computer in to radio systems. There's a nationwide or actually worldwide group of guys, peaks like us if you were, that have technical expertise in sending digital information via radio, how to build radio, how to set up antennas, how to disguise antennas, any number of things like that. Oh, they're also, they happen to have one with me at the head goodness. This is a child's toy. They're originally retailed for $90 and I can pick them up for about $14 or as a rest. They've discontinued them. No, these are 900 megahertz. This thing transmits and it's in the amateur radio band. So if you modify this, you can use this thing legitimately and it sends digital information. There's a digital display on here, there's voicemail in it, there's a 22nd digital voice recorder. It just goes on and on and on. Let's see. This thing won't get all the way across the hotel, but if you had your amateur radio license, legally you can boost that up to anywhere from like a lot to 25 watts and have all of its features. Another person that's going to be speaking, I think it was somebody, something like that, his name's Professor Fedobom. He's going to be doing something on micropower broadcasting and he's set up an entire system in software that you can take those sounds and use them as a pseudo cellular system, which is really cool. And it's done with his computer, a couple pieces of hardware and one of those. Let's see. If you were going to start hacking systems, what are the chances of you getting caught doing this? Well, it depends on whether you're transmitting or receiving. If you're just receiving trying to hack information coming your way, there's virtually no way to tell that you're sucking down the information and crunching the numbers out. If you're transmitting, that's another story, it depends on how much power you're putting out to try to obtain your information, trying to lie to systems and so forth. Not that I would do that anyway. The other thing is, are you standing still or moving while you're transmitting? If you're transmitting and you're moving, you're much, much harder to find if you're trying to send data out, if you're trying to hack a system. Let's see. This can't be all of it. I'm just getting more down here. Yes, there are. There's other things you can do legitimately like phone patches. You don't have to go through cellular networks. This wouldn't require a computer. It just requires a handheld radio and a use of a repeater system that you'd normally subscribe to. However, most of the traffic that's sent to repeater systems for phone patches can be hacked out using very, very little test equipment. What I mean by that is, let's say, I've got my amateur radio in my hand. There's a machine parked up on the mountain that listens to this particular frequency. I have tuned to, it hears me, it sends out the radio signal with a couple of hundred watts, it extends my range. I wonder if I can get away with this. I'm going to try using this overhead. I wasn't prepared for that. Am I going to get lucky? No. There's no materials, there's no news here. Okay, well anyway. If you're going to use a repeater system, you can get tremendous range and you can probably send digital information to the repeater system. Another way to send digital information on the air. The best way to get that phone patch would be to sit and watch for people using the repeater system and listen to what tones are being sent out. If you can't hear those tones, it's because they're being put on a carrier that humans can't hear but the machines can. And you can get test equipment instead of decipher what tones are being used to trip the repeater and make dial tone come over the air to you. Let's be able to make calls, order pizza, all kinds of neat things like that. The cost to... Let's go up a notch here. There's another advantage to digital communication. It's cheap. Getting into radio is rather inexpensive.  Picking up that gear to receive those digital signals is really, really cheap. Amateur radio gear is also inexpensive. For instance, you can get handheld radios that are used like that for around $125. You can also use those radios and plug right into the audio jack itself and start receiving digital information at the proper frequencies. Getting a radio and adding it to your computer is really easy. There are cards that you can load into card slots inside your machine. That way you have the radio receiver right in your computer. Those can be picked up in amateur radio catalogs. You can shop on the net for those. There are other computer cards that will do deciphering and decoding. One of the common decodes, yes. How do all those shields get into the RL? All that's in the computer, they're bulletproof. They take great care and make sure that the higher frequency machines like three or four hundred megamit heart machines aren't going to hammer the radio that's on the card that's in the machine. That's easy to protect against. They have to just put it in a nice metal box, solder it all closed, make sure the RF connector is of great quality. After that it's up to the user to make sure they put the proper coax connector on that and get the antenna as far as the computer is practical. Let's see. I can think of no better way than to get your amateur radio license. This is really amazing. When I first heard about being able to go to the FCC and say, I want a license for amateur radio, they promptly said, great. Here's all the answers to the questions of the test and the questions. When was the last time any of us walked into an institution trying to get some sort of degree diploma license, whatever, and the instructor hands you the test with all the questions on it and all the answers. It's easy to get your license and surprise that a lot more people don't have it. An example of the hackers and computer enthusiasts that are here today that actually have their amateur ticket and are studying radio. Noid is studying for his license. Evil, Ghost, Man was up here earlier. Fatal, Montat, Penny Larson are all studying for their amateur radio tickets and it's easy to do. Those questions are available for free. Currently, we have the following people that already have their amateur radio license that are here today. A.J. Rez, Professor Fido Baum, Nygma, Old Wolf, Bonk, Singapina Front Row, all of them actually have their amateur ticket and it took them a month off and on of studying the questions on your computer. And that was it. And he went down and took his test paper, he was whopping $3 for processing Fian Pham. He's now legally able to operate amateur radio bands, sharpen his radio skills, and add it to his computer skills. So he's going no longer limited to just hacking the phone line. Now you can hack the earwaves. And congratulations, that was a big push and he got it. That's great. Let's see. Heck, I already covered that license. Getting your license is easy. There are a bunch of places to look for more info to help you link your computer to radio. The amateur radio relay league is one of them. That would be A-R-R-L. Alpha-Romeo-Romeo-Lima.org. The prefix applies to B-W-W dot show dot time. There's also other publications you can find in Magazine Rack. Popular communications is one of them. And there's also quite a bit about just scanning the police bands with a pocket scanner. And there are a lot more things to listen to than just the police band when you go down to Radio Shack. I want to buy a scanner, show that they sell it to you, and most people just end up listening to the cops in the 400-Maker band. Well, I've got news. There's all kinds of interesting things out there, up to including cordless telephones, toys. There's a digital toy pager called Page-A-Friend or something like that. You can get it at Toys R Us. That's a digital circuit and more of a circuit link together in it. They're selling this stuff to kids. This one toy. RF, radio frequency, and digital hardware, just inseparable. Understanding it, knowing it, and exploiting it can be rather entertaining, especially if you just want to go driving around if you don't want to get found.  Maybe it's just so much, so flexible. Yes? Oh, this gentleman's referring to how do you get a hold of a radio scanner, a pocket scanner, that will receive the entire band. Well, there's a couple of ways around this. People didn't want their phone, let me back up a little bit on how come the holes got there. Somebody winded and complained to the cellular companies saying, hey, people are listening to my conversations. Okay, right. Well, get rid of the radios that will receive those frequencies and then legislate it out a certain band of frequencies in your scanner. So you're free to see what's going on in the airwaves that's been impinged. They deleted the cellular band out of the scanners. Well, there's a way around that. That's called a down converter. You won't be able to buy that scanner that you want that's continuous, that'll sweep the entire band. So what you do to get around that is you can buy a converter, they're still legal, they always will be. What this does is it's a radio receiving front end that sucks up the cellular information coming out over the airwaves, chops its radio frequency in half, let's say, and now instead of that 896 megahertz signal coming through into your scanner out your speaker, the converter box is taking it from 900 megahertz down to 400 megahertz, goes into your scanner and now the information comes out of your speaker. So there's a workaround for that. Registrating this out was absolutely toothless. Yes. Yeah, you can get them as portable as you like. They go right with your base station or handheld scanner. They're inexpensive.  Just to get rid of the skip instruction, the engineers found out that that legislation was coming along. So they decided to, okay, well, we'll modify the scanner's wink-wink-nudge-nudge that, you know, it'll make the lawmakers happy and it won't curtail sales. The Pro2006 scanner, which is no longer made or sold in the commodity or shack, had a modification.  Your cellular came back. Now it's not so easy. They're making the engineers, you know, the wily guys that realize what was going on and thumb their nose at the legislation have now been forced into a corner by doing all that non-modification stuff in the ASIC or the software, the firmware, the machine. There's nothing you can do about it presently. Early on you could just mod the scanner back to original operating condition. Well, what they did was, first it was hardware modifications and then the engineers tried it again. They said, okay, there's no more hardware modifications and all you had to do was hold a couple of keys down on some of the scanners, power it on, and poof, here comes the cellular reception again, thumbing their nose at legislation once again. But the legislators finally got wise and decided that, no, you guys aren't going to make that sort of thing anymore for sale in the United States. You can buy that stuff over the net in the UK or something like that and they'll say it's not for import or something like that.  Jump on a plane, make yourself some money, go get a peer box somewhere and start running radios across the border or something if you want to get around it. Well, there we go, there's another whole system. There we go, that works too.   Just because somebody slaps the label on it and says, phone doesn't mean that you're on a phone, you're on a radio, you're broadcasting. You know, it's like, get over it, don't say anything you wouldn't say if you weren't at home. You got a hard wire at home, you're not broadcasting, yeah. To me listening to that, that's not nice. I expect privacy there, but there's no reasonable expectation of privacy in my book. You know, I'm broadcasting on a cellular phone, and therefore I don't mind my saying, go ahead and listen. It's not legal, but do it anyway, because who in the hell is going to catch you? You're receiving done it. Shmox, anyway, I shouldn't be thinking about my personal political beliefs about being on a monitor cellular conversations. Yeah, that's good, yeah. The names are really programmable in the areas that you're receiving, and also, we're back in my books to pull that out. And I'm going to also point out that in a little bit of the names, their intermodal characteristics are so bad. Yeah, yeah. I ran a... It was so bad. It was so low. It was so bad. Right, what this gentleman is referring to is some of these scanners that have been cell blocked are so bad. And what they'll choose to listen to and choose not to listen to, that you can tune above or below a certain spot in the cellular band and hear it anyway. And there's not much that anybody can complain about that. That's kind of a flaw in the engineering. I wonder if somebody actually designed things that way. Yes. Encrypting your own transmissions? Glad you asked. I was talking to the professor about this the other day in preparation for my talk, and he had mentioned something about Bowdo, which is a five-digit binary code to send things out like ASCII's what. It's... Right, forgive me if I'm not really up in the computer aspect of everything my business is dealing with hardware, dealing with the soldering iron end of things. As far as software goes, keeping track, not too good at it. As far as encrypting goes like this gentleman mentioned, yeah, it's pretty easy and pretty simple to get away with saying, oh, I didn't realize I was sending an encrypted transmission. Especially when you're sending a lot of packets in the clear, and then all of a sudden you send a couple of garbage packets that happen to be encrypted to have the zip, you know, PK zip stuck in there. Along with your Bowdo, now your computer that's monitoring your radio traffic is just going to look at that as trash. There's lots of trash being sent anyway. So, yeah, you can encrypt, but just make sure that less than half of what you're sending is encrypted. That way you don't end up raising an eyebrow. Oh, he's just got a crappy transmitter where the software on his computer is and like really up to par, and it's not sending the data like it should and so forth. So, yeah, you can send encrypted information. There's been rumors that people have been sending really not so legal things over packet radio pictures. I guess you can use your imagination on what's going on. Yes? I'm not ready to be thinking about the NCC, but I know I'm going to be thinking about the NCC. You're right, you're not supposed to, the FCC in a nutshell says that you're not supposed to be encrypting stuff. Well, tough.  That's, you know, it's like legislating everybody's got to wear black shoes. That's going to happen. Yeah. Okay. Just another 2600 shirt. Right. The down convert is what he's asking about. Yeah, I would imagine that you can get up converse, but down converse are more conducive because what you're trying to do is take a higher frequency, receive it, and then convert it down to something that's easier to deal with. The lower frequencies are easier to deal with than higher ones. Higher frequencies you have to deal with, cleanliness of the circuit when you really get up there, you know, actually physically clean getting all the flux and other materials out of it. The space, design considerations, how close together you can get things, how short wires have to be, that sort of thing. But yeah, down conversion, most common, they're fairly cheap. Yes? Tempest. That's an interesting thing. If you want a tempest shield, break out the aluminum foil. That's it. Break out the aluminum foil, get yourself what's called snap on RFI chokes. It's two pieces of powdered iron in a block. It's shaped like a C and then there's one piece of plastic that goes around it, goes around the two pieces of powdered iron, unwrap your computer cords and things and those four or five times. They're cheap, they're $15 for four of them at Cam or your outlet in Anaheim, California, but you can get those anywhere. I just thought I'd throw that reference out there so you'd have some place to start. As far as tempest shielding goes, it's easier to shield them than receive. I've been there. Building sensitive, selective amplifiers is a little bit tricky. There are some off-the-shelf things that you can modify. I've had articles. In fact, I wonder, I've probably got some tempest data in here. Let me exit out of this and see what I can find. Go ahead and stand up and we're not buying any more tonks of milk. I remember seeing something like that on the mat. There's also a defeat for that and it's how you do your pixels. It's kind of like, have you ever taken your paycheck and photocopied it and all of a sudden it says copy or a void or something like that on the copy that comes out of the machine, but you look at it and go, everyone has little blue dots in the background, it's blue. All of a sudden they look at the thing real close and you find out that the, copy has got the word void in there. Well, you can alter the pixels on your computer screen, so when somebody tries to read your information remotely, the pixels don't make that much of a difference in the noise they put out that the person attacking is trying to receive. So when they point their antenna around to your terminal and want to read it, you've got pixels in there that are making almost the same radio signature, making a different picture signature. So what they're going to look at is some weird thing, and you've got your screen, like they'll get zebra stripes and you'll get your page of text cleared and they won't. That's one way of defeating against tempest, sort of shielding your monitor. Oh geez, I jumped out of that. That was not good. There we go. If you're looking around in the net for tempest, and just keep at it day in, day out, and start to throw out the sights that are junky, gosh, there's a site that's in Holland that is in the means real short and escapes me. I'll be available on email to answer that question, but what the heck name is it? I'm going to dump the notes, and I'm going to look for that. Because I know it's a Holland site, and it's just on the tip of my tongue that it's drowning. I'm not trying to figure this out. Here's one more question regarding the tempest case. I experimented with a user who used to see in that video about 200, say your laptop, and she said the spectrum analyzer was more like an high-end hospital. Okay, I know what a spectrum analyzer is, but could you explain what? Well, the more that the user wants the spectrum analyzer, the more it actually needs it. Oh, I see what you mean. You can make it go through. Yeah, there are cards that will go buzzing through the radio spectrum and give you a signal report as to what's been where. So you can have your computer system log the radio spectrum in your local area and start having it isolate and skip over bands of frequency like the FM broadcast band. There's 22 megahertz of stuff you don't need. It'll drop it, it'll skip right over that and skip over the television band and it'll start looking for stuff that hardly ever gets used and just to stop on scanning for a little bit. The stuff that's hardly ever used is the most interesting stuff of all. All kinds of obscure transmissions go by once a month, twice a month, but if your scanner is still looking for that, you know, going over the real quiet stuff, you'll find some pretty interesting things. You don't want to cover the whole entire television band away because a lot of surveillance cameras use the... Right, yeah, they get into the band, they'll... Right, yeah, there's no part of the radio spectrum that's sacred to anyone that wants to do something unique. I've often had thoughts of having an encryption scheme using the local radio station as a key.  But if you use the KFI radio receive signal on the other end to subtract it, your buddy's voice comes out nice and clear and you can do things that way. I was done in 1988 when I was in high school going through a triax class and I'm like, I get to figure out how to be quiet on those things. I want to tell people things that I don't want other people to hear. So that was pretty fun. I'm going to find that site because there's a bunch of things there. They've got stuff on herping and a whole bunch of other things. So... Yeah. The same noise in the background as before. Yeah, that makes an intelligence gatherer life just a nightmare trying to pull stuff like that down. A friend of mine thought that the feds were trying to do things so he invited a friend over. He'd just turned the bass up really, really loud and he thought they were trying to bounce off his window. They were trying to laser bounce. So he just decided to scatter the signal. If he can't collect it, he hit a bass note that's going to deflect the laser beams at the point where they won't be able to collect it. They dance around all the way somewhere to find it. So he decided to start doing that. And apparently my tempest files are not in here. Yeah. Going over radio and the amateur radio band there's a speed limit. I think it's 14.4. I'm not sure. It's going to be higher than that. Do you have... do you have a tapper.org tip? Hmm, okay. Oh, there's a... And it's... That's correct to say that. And take an email it to you. Yeah, there's... you can also find... you can also find aid in getting tested on the ARRL site. You just look... you just go to me on the ARRL site you'll find it under a test or licenses or some such thing. Is that a question in the bank? Have I played with pulse radio? No, I have not. I've played with pulse radio. I've played with pulse radio. I've played with pulse radio. I've played with pulse radio. I was doing a live stream of cards on the pulse radio. I've played with the company because they're all still in the process. I've played with the hospital to check out some of the records and all the sessions. I've been with the staff. Mm-hmm. Thank you. Thank you. Great, I'd like to have that information. Is that the birth transmission system? Is that like birth transmissions as the gentleman asks? It's used to be a... sensitive to have a past transition on the future of the future of the transmission of all of the services of all of the services as they have to survive by their need for treatment. And so... ... I'm calling another page here. Yes? Oh, yeah, I'm modifying an older cell phone to go into, like, a test or a maintenance mode or something like that and go scanning through the band. What's that now? Well, you just... Having the amateur radio license affords you the liberty of checking for interference only. Which means you can on and actively scan through and momentarily listen to for the duration of checking for interference. You can listen to the cellular band if you want to. So if you just exploit that a little bit, so I don't recommend that. Yes? Two-way paging? Okay. Well, we'll back up a little bit here. As far as I know, you're bending your ear to a paging frequency and listening to it is no consequence. There's no problem there. The moment you start actively building up circuits and designing software you go after PogSeg, Dole, Flex, Format which are all publicly available on the net, I might add. You can find...  My favorite is going after the prostitutes and busting them. That's fun. It takes a little while. You have to figure out what service they're subscribing to, and after you've done that then you go through the phone numbers for that block, have your software start looking for the message you just sent out, you've got her. So you can just roll over beat cell phone hacking. Right. It's not your broadcasting. So when you send a page and you Flex Format or PogSeg, Dole, whatever you like you're broadcasting. So don't say I've got the $14 million. Where's my 15 billion pounds of cocaine? Don't do that. It sends all kinds of information like the signature the signature numbers and so forth. I don't know the exact terms what do they call that. I guess it's just the pager's address number what, 6, 8 digits long or something like that and if the FBI really wants to get into it they can find you if they felt like it. So no broadcasting. Yes? But you put the problem with that is you have to get you have to send your page when the other paging signal is not currently on the other and that's like 5 seconds, 10 seconds 1 second you have to know when to click on your transmitter and send the burst. See because it'll be stepped on because I've been to these paging sites in tops of the hotels in Los Angeles and there's these nice big 19 inch rack mount things and these big thick wires coming out with lots of power and they're all synchronized. The transmissions are synchronized and they're all over the coverage all at once in the entire basin or it comes off a satellite with repeating systems all here at all at the same time so that's like yeah so you've got to be able to step right into the middle when the radio transmitter shuts off and you turn yours on and then get out of there and let the rest of the traffic go by that's the other thing the FCC gets real pissy about is the two things public safety and big money commerce big money commerce means interfacing with the aging frequencies because there's cash going by there and if I owned a multimillion dollar business like a paging net I'd be rather upset if somebody was interfacing with my frequency and go complain to the FCC and they'll all wane terror on you no problem that and other public safety stuff all right that was the other thing if anybody wants to hack the public safety systems please don't there's plenty of people out there that need those services you want to hack something hack the trash trucks or the taxi cabs or something don't hack the safety systems yeah yeah don't go doing things like that either it's not a cool thing I don't have the information on that for the past like three or four months I have been playing with a motor home like God I don't have the information on that for the past like three or four months I have been playing with a motor home like God has here plug for shadowco.org because the pictures of that thing are on that site so yeah I'm in as well I used to and soon we'll have another web page on shadowco.org as if for both machines we're gonna get hit for all the Windows information that Mojo's gonna put up there we're gonna have a heck of a time getting when he gets back and deal with Old Wolf he's just gonna be sitting in front of his box I can find him now he'll be administering his machine for all the returns on information from the talk Mojo gave how do you to to seize a network in the area you gotta figure out how to widen the machine which means you're going to have to do a lot of listening you have to do a bit of research I can't see why you'd want to be able to control the network have you got something in mind or sending your own signals through it that would be a very unique exploit using the existing radio systems to pervade your own madness that would I would really be interested in hearing what your thoughts are on that do email me with all the particulars send some block diagrams back and forth or something at least do this in theory because most of the exports and things that I think of are just like an interesting chess match can you really do this? is it really doable? okay it is, great do I really want to do this? I guess I'm nice to do but just the mental exercise of primely can you send digital traffic through the cellulose system getting that being the man in the middle of a microwave system is really unique and it does require a bit of research you've got to have your pole and stick it up into the stream and sniff it and find out what's going by here what's on this thing that's just taking a look at the world around you and trying to understand it now getting back to what I had said earlier about going to the Pomona Fairgrounds and sticking your pole up at the front of the UTM is kind of obvious what you're doing it's like yeah but that's nothing that a clipboard an orange vest and a hard hat can't cure so if people believe you're supposed to be there you believe that you're supposed to be there so yeah but like I said most of the things I think of are can it really be done and from the laugh I would say yeah it can be believable if you orange vest, little spikes and clipboard and ramble off some tech speak and even some security guard well hey can you keep people away from this thing for a while just switch it all around just security guards there to ask you what to do you're telling him what to do because you need to get your job done and he's going to go oh ok you're legit and you're asking me to do things instead of defending yourself you're just employing me so wow so any other questions I'm about out of time and I'll find out who's speaking next think of something else for me to answer a question about ok ok ok ok ok right ok oh you mean crystals yeah I don't know where you're from but there are swap meets and I'll plug one that I frequent once a month what is it last Saturday of every month at the company called TRW and it's got nothing to do with credit checking and stuff they're actually building things there the TRW swapped me last Friday of every month near Rosecrance and Aviation Avenue no in Southern California I know most people are not from Southern California you guys are from all over the freaking planet it's in Torrance I believe but look for Rosecrance and Aviation Boulevard and that will tell you what's going on it's kind of near the four or five freeway and there is all kinds of computer gear and amateur gear there no clothing no other furniture radio gear and electronics and so forth and you find all kinds of unique obscure things that say department of Navy and boxes that are just so heavy my god what's in here type of thing so you never know what's going to show up really out here out here I have seen so many unique boxes that have been declassified in like under 20 years that are out there it's like yeah there's all kinds of radio gear to be had for that was the other thing my talk is about radio gear and how cheap it is to get I have to do is look unfortunately he's from the territory that you say is like an underground you got to keep it kind of quiet there's actually radio gear we've got a nice little area out here Los Angeles is in our backyard and so forth there's tons of gear there's a swamp meet but there's still tons of radio gear out there all kinds of gear I picked up a telephone test set that you had to load 22 and a half foot batteries into and 9 volt batteries that were round that look like sea batteries that had one 9 volt connector on one side and another 9 volt connector on the other the little rings weird stuff out there so all you have to do is just walk around take a look there's plenty of things to experiment with to hook your computers in searching them on the net is one way to get in hold of stuff you can email me at technicalpigmentmailcity and I'll see what I can find the tempest thing rather interests me both same day and receive because that's all about radio and can I really do this there was an article on the back issue of 2600 that covered tempest and how they were rounding our New York City and watching everything going on that was sensitive I mean just the general population office type stuff they went down Wall Street they went down a few other places they stopped in front of an ATM and picked a few things up it's just frightening how loose everything is via radio you know if things are loose via telephone how much looser you know the telephone wire how much looser is radio radio is all over the place all you have to do is listen now let's skip the transmitting stuff just tuning in the world around you is just an amazing thing how am I doing on time here I don't know the guys who wanted to figure out a little crash like they were doing construction they could wall out but they weren't the only ones like they could make or something they were really thinking and she placed it there it does not take much to convert it does not take much to convert and I would stand up video game into an ATM being there so what if it's too big part of the board is heavy you can put some sheet metal on the outside looks like wood tastes like wood looks like an ATM to me there are all kinds of crazy stories like that people wanting to get caught doing that the ones that don't get caught and you don't get if you don't hear of it's just frightening this is a mad crazy place of all the silicon and radio waves flying around understand it and get on the good side of it rather than being left in the dark I think my time is up I don't see anybody now I'm next circle up here but thank you very much for me bringing it I need to mention that but


Hi, my name is Liam Keep and I am an Administrative and Program Assistant trainee at Seed Winnipeg. Seed is a non-profit organization that strives to reduce poverty and renew Winnipeg's inner city through financial empowerment. Many businesses have been launched with the support and expertise of our organization. Seed Winnipeg is also home to the Money Stories Program, a money management class that teaches youth about handling money through an Indigenous lens. Through our dedicated work with the National Centre for Collaboration and Indigenous Education, we have been able to develop new curriculum and participant manuals that complement the activities and topics that we cover in class. My name is Zambibian and I'm a Residential School survivor. I attended Cecil Jeffery in Kanora, Ontario, and I was about six or seven years old, and so did my dad. He also went to the same Residential School, and when he went to Residential School, they took his last name and gave him the last name, Kachum. And so now, when I do speaking engagements, I respect my parents by sharing only the first thing that they gave me, that's Zambibian. And when we think about central living, we want to think about the three R's. That's reduce, reuse, and recycle. So not only does simple living benefit us, and the people around us, but it also benefits the environment. Reducing means buying less and getting rid of things that we really don't need anymore. Finding ways to be happy with fewer things. We have reusing, which means using something again, or finding more than one way to use an object. And we have recycling, and this means using something old to make something new. For those of the three R's, you utilize those and be on track to simple living. Living a simpler life. Thinking about indigenous peoples, traditional indigenous peoples from the past, they used simple living quite extensively. When looking at reducing traditional indigenous populations, they didn't take more than what they needed. They understood that there was a balance that had to be kept, so there was no over-hunting. Because they knew they took too much. There's not going to be any for next year. Similarly with gathering. They took too much of one particular plant. Next year, there will be nothing for anything. So they only took what they needed. They reduced what they took. But also they reduced their waste. When thinking about harvesting an animal, traditional indigenous populations, they would use all of the animal. They would minimize waste as much as possible. Because they understood the work involved. They get that particular animal, but also the sacrifice that the animal made. So that's reducing in a more traditional sense. We use it. Again, traditional indigenous populations also reuse. Because again, they understood that the effort, the energy and the time that went into getting their materials, getting their goods would not be for granted. So someone took the time to create an arrow. And someone took the time to source the flint for the arrowhead. As soon as that arrow broke, they didn't just throw everything away. They might reuse the arrowhead and make a spear or use it for a blade. They didn't reuse that because they understand that it took time and energy and effort. And it's not just everyone. There's a limited source of those things. It's everything with recycling. Indigenous populations use old clothes, old pieces of clothing. They might make it into strips. So now they got lashings. They recycle what they had because they respected time, energy. And in fact, there's a legitimate amount. There's a finite amount. So that's the idea of simple work. I'm going to give you a little bit of my financial background. I started off a lot like you guys. I was, I've been homeless. I aged out of child and family services when I was 18. I had no education. I only had grade nine, no budgeting skills, no money management skills at all. My sister told me to go to Walford and I did and I managed to get Walford. That was the first money that I had, but it was just like what back in those days, maybe about $60 for two weeks or less. And that didn't go too far because I didn't know how to handle my money. First thing I did was probably go buy pop and chips, which I didn't eat like. As I gradually got to workshops like this, I got more education. I went to school. I learned how to handle my money. And I was taught how to do a budget. And this is actually my budget book that I have. And it is, I have to get a new one because this is 2019. And in my budget book, I've had this for about 15, 20 years. I get a new one every year. As you can see, I have mortgage, hydro cable, credit card, loan and cell phone. And I always put that in there. That's what I'm going to get, like what I fix. And I also have these envelopes. So every time I have a goal, like say, most people would have a goal like a new cell phone. I'm not sure if it's $200. But I would write that down and say, maybe at six or seven months down the road, I would always put a little bit of cash in there for my new goal. I found that this works best instead of, because every time you try to think of, I want to get GST, I'm going to put it down on the cell phone. Every time GST came around, that GST money would be gone to some bill that I forgot to pay or something like that. Some unexpected expenses are my income tax. It didn't work out that way. When I was found out, it worked best if I did envelopes like goals. That helped out, worked out really, really good for me. So we said budget, right, and save more. Increases income so we could save more. And as budget could stay the same. Or there's one other thing we could do. Sell this car? Yeah, you could sell this car. But again, if we keep this budget the same, what else can we do? Pick up his time frame. Increases time frame, right? We could increase it to 18 months and he would be at where he needs to be. So he really has three options then to get here. He could keep his income the same. Keep his budget the same and just give him more time. He could increase his income and save more. Or he could budget, cut down his expenses and find money to save. And so what we're going to do now in the next 15 minutes is we're going to look at his expenses, which are right here. And we're going to find that $267. We're going to find that money so he could save. So now we're going to look at making sacrifices or changes to the way he's spending his money. You have to have a plan for it to make it work. Because we want our budgets to be realistic. Because an unrealistic budget is impossible to keep. So you have to have a plan. And keep in mind who David is. He's 20 years old, he's a young guy, he's got friends. So a plan for cutting down his coffee budget might be too. Buy a can of coffee. So you might see a decrease in his coffee budget and maybe a small increase in his grocery budget because now he's making coffee at home and packing it with him. So those are some of the things you want to think about. If you're going to make a change, come up with a plan or a reason that that's going to work in stick. The other thing I'll touch on before we get to it by ourselves is look at his total expenses. What is it? $14.80 and how much of a budget does he? Or how much is his income? So that means he has what? $20 left over. Okay, so he's already saving $20 a month. Now for a monthly goal is $267 and he's already saving $20. How much do we really have to find in his budget then? $247, perfect. Credit history too helps quite a bit. So if you have a lot with the credit rating you're not going to find a good place. So you do have to look after your credit rating. I keep telling them that always check out the interest rate because it can be quite high, especially with credit cards. You have to look and shop around for the best interest rate. And I was going to mention about credit. Your credit is your best friend. Pay your bills on time. Your credit rating is a rating on each individual account that you have in your name. Okay, so if you have an auto loan that'll have a credit rating. If you have a phone in your name that account will have a credit rating. If you have a mortgage that account will have a credit rating. Why is money management important?  So you're not falling behind on your bills. What do you think is the most common mistake you do with money? I don't budget. So when I don't budget, then I'm spending too much money on something that I'm short for my rent or something like that. So now I'm learning how to budget. So what would you tell youth now? Based on your learning. You need to budget. Can you give us a few examples? Sure. So for me, I have daycare payments and I have my mortgage that I'm paying while helping my mum pay and I have my food. So if I don't budget properly, I'm way under for something all the time. So for me budgeting, it's going to be able to get my bills paid on time. I'm not going to be late. I can build up my credit and do things like that. So if I budget, I still have a little bit of extra money left over for myself. So it's good like that. What animal best describes your money management skills? I don't know the turtle, maybe. It took me a little while to get there. But now that I'm there, it's better now. What have you caught yourself using money, have you caught yourself using money differently since taking the program? I have. So I'm not so quick to just spend now. Before, if I wanted to go out or put money in the BLT's or something like that, I would do it. Now I'm not doing that so, so quick I think about it. I'm like, no, you know what? I can't afford that today. So it's good. You were able to meet Viv. She came in and did some storytelling. What value did that bring to the program? It was good to hear like her side of the story. You know, she's been budgeting for a really long time now. She had a binder there and she's able to, you know, afford a condo for herself now. And she was sharing her experiences like that. So that gives me motivation to keep budgeting my money. And I'll be able to accomplish the same things that she did. What topics do you feel were the most beneficial to you and why? Definitely the budgeting and the credit because I didn't know anything about credit. I didn't know that when you checked your credit score that it was a softer hard hit because I've had a lot of people check my credit. So that's going to affect it. So it's good to know that I have to be at a certain level before I can start getting approved for things. So working on my credit is a good thing for me. How confident are you about saving money into a goal now? More confident now that I budget. So now I can fit that in my budget. Even if it's, you know, 20 bucks or 30 bucks a month, it's still something that I can save. So that's good. How do you feel about the facilitation of the program? Going to keep you interested, engaged, fun? Yeah, I know it was good. Can you tell us some of your favorite activities? I pretty much liked everything but just how he was really real about situations in our life. It made it more, I could relate to it more easy. It kept me interested as well because it was real life things that we were talking about. So that was good. What part of the program would you like to see more of? Still, like you guys offer savings. So I definitely like to look into that more because I know if you need furniture or things like that, that's something that I would be really interested in learning. So that, for sure, yeah. Final thoughts on the entire program. One last message for the audience. It was good. And I'm going to take this and teach it to my daughter when she gets older. I'm also teaching this to my mom right now. So it's perfect. Yeah. Hello, my name is Justin and I started as a participant in an after-school program. During this after-school program, I learned many skills. At first, I thought that the Money Stories program was just another certificate and didn't see any benefit. I thought it wouldn't have a direct impact on me. However, it helped me realize my potential and how much of an impact this program can help people. And the community members who have attended our programs and a special thank you to our partner, National Center for Collaboration in Indigenous Education.


At Audiology Associates of Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. You'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. Downtown Prestonsburg hosted their first block party of the summer, Friday, June 10th.  Well, it gets the word out that we're here. I have, you know, had people to tell me, well, I didn't know about it. I didn't know there was a place down there like Sugar Magnolias. So, more people that come in that haven't been here maybe for a while, they learn that there are new places in town here. I think with downtown it brings a lot of people in. So, any event we can have that's a little extra makes it a little more exciting and I've noticed we've had a lot more traffic today than usual. The city and local businesses collaborate to make these block parties possible and help grow tourism and local business. The key to it is these partnerships is what helps everything grow. You know, we can't do it all and they can't do it all. Together, we can do a lot and that's what it takes. We just got to be able to come together and, you know, everybody says there's no I in team and there isn't. There really isn't. But what there is in team, it's a group. A group of people pulling together to do things. Prestonsburg is so fortunate to have people that are getting involved. Our local businesses, our vendors here, you know, they're getting involved and making things happen. For more information on upcoming block parties and events in Prestonsburg, go to Prestonsburg Tourism on Facebook. For Mountain Top News, I'm Brianna Robinson.


This past April, Macaulay Culkin and his girlfriend Brenda's song became the proud parents of a healthy baby boy named Dakota. The couple originally met on set of a movie they were filming in Thailand called Change Land, which was directed by Culkin's good friend Seth Green. After immediately falling for one another, Macaulay and Brenda decided that the next step in their relationship would be to move in together. To do just that, they found themselves a killer home in the Hollywood Hills. The Culkin has teased is decorated in about as minimalist a style as you could possibly imagine. But I have a feeling that's not actually Macaulay's home. Anyways, in this video, we're gonna take a look at where the actor is living. In these videos, we don't reveal any addresses even though I've done a house tour of my own place. Please do not show up at any private residences because it's not safe for anyone. After spending a fair chunk of the last decade living in a Paris apartment, Macaulay Culkin decided it was time to move back home upon falling in love with actress Brenda Song. The first real hint that Macaulay and Brenda were getting serious about one another took place in 2018. That's when Macaulay appeared on an episode of the Joe Rogan experience and revealed that he and Brenda, while they were trying to have a baby. Carrying on with the conversation, Culkin explained to Rogan exactly what makes his family so special before revealing that he and Brenda would soon be looking for a place together. I have a pretty little family, a pretty girl, a pretty dog, a pretty cat and all that stuff. We're gonna move. We're doing the house thing and all that kind of stuff. Soon after this interview, media outlets picked up on a story of Macaulay and Brenda house hunting in the area of Los Angeles known as Studio City. The home they were looking at was reported to have five bedrooms and six bathrooms with more than 3,400 square feet of space. Designed as a modern farmhouse, the property also included recently installed oak hardwood floors, Thermador kitchen appliances and massive floor-to-ceiling windows designed to show off some spectacular views. All of that for the low, low sum of just $2.4 million. So, did they take it? Well, that's hard to set out for sure, but my best guess is no, they didn't. Instead, Macaulay and Brenda managed to find another home located in the nearby neighborhood of Hollywood Hills and they did a much better job of keeping this one on the down low because not a single media outlet picked up on the sale. The best description we have of the Culkin Home comes from the folks at Esquire who once visited the residence to interview the former child actor. Going by their account, Macaulay and Brenda live a charmed life, one where they spend most of the day in their matching pajamas. Macaulay takes care of all the outdoor work, you know, like painting a totally unnecessary but still no doubt very cool yellow brick road that leads directly up to their front door while Brenda, she likes to spend her free time baking different types of bread. Long before their family expanded with a little mini-me of their own, they were parents to their fur babies, which includes three cats, a few fish, and an adorable Shiba Inu puppy. Last April, they bumped their clan up by one more after the birth of Dakota Song Culkin, their beautiful baby boy who's been named in honor of Macaulay's sister Dakota who died in a tragic car accident in 2008. Outside of these details, the only other hints we have of the place have popped up randomly on Instagram, where Culkin has shown off a games room that definitely looks like it belongs inside the home of say, Kevin McAllister, more than it does a grown man, but who am I to judge? At the very least, the kitchen seems to be more or less what you'd expect with some top-of-the-line appliances and seamless invisible storage spaces. But, once again, Macaulay just seems way more interested in playing games than you know, adulting. At the beginning of the year, the Bunny Ears website also hosted a competition that promised to lock one lucky home alone fan into Macaulay and Brenda's actual home for the holidays. All you had to do was nominate one seven-year-old to be stolen from their home and placed all alone in Macaulay's place. From there, Macaulay had promised to set traps and wage a one-man war on the child at his very own expense. Hey, when you're good at something, you tend to know it, and Macaulay, well, he's definitely good at home defense. He's also good at crafting a joke, which is obviously what this entire thing is. But speaking of Christmas, since it tis the season, how about we take a look at the former McAllister home next? First built in 1920, there are a few movie residences as iconic as McAllister plays from home alone. I mean, after all, how many other family homes can you buy your very own Lego addition of? Located on Lincoln Avenue in Winnetka, Illinois, this red brick Georgian-style abode sits on a half-acre lot and features about 4,200 square feet of space. All in all, the house features five bedrooms, including a four-room master suite, which spans the entire West Wing as well as three-and-a-half baths. At the time of the movie's production, the home was owned by John and Cynthia at Benchie. The couple hadn't owned the place for very long when director Christopher Columbus came calling, asking to utilize their home for a large portion of the production. Columbus described what attracted him to this location with the following. We needed to cast a house that would work for the stunts and also a house that was visually appealing. And, if this makes sense, warm and menacing at the same time. It's the kind of house if you were a kid, it would be fun to be left home alone. I wanted it to feel timeless. While the general rule of Hollywood productions is that existing homes are only really used for exterior shots, that wasn't really the case with home alone. Quite a few of the film's most memorable scenes were filmed inside of the actual house over the span of a five-month period and showed off nearly everything the home offered. There's the kitchen where the McAllister's put together one final memorable family meal.  Even the upstairs attic where Kevin is forced to isolate himself from the rest of the family after taking them all off was filmed on location inside the home. Then there's the main staircase, which is arguably almost as famous as the front of the house. Outside of those locations, any other scene that set inside of the home was actually filmed on a soundstage that was constructed in the gymnasium of the nearby Nutriere Township High School. Of course, time changes a whole lot of things and that includes a home as iconic as this one. Today, the home alone house looks a bit different, but the exterior is still as recognizable as ever. Inside, however, the current owners have decided to heavily renovate. Not only does this iconic staircase now have a completely different color palette, but the walls have been repainted in chic neutral tones, while the kitchen has been upgraded with crisp white cupboards. Wondering how much this beauty costs in today's market? Well, back in 2012, the home was sold for $1.5 million. Today, the property is estimated to be worth closer to $2 million, but it hasn't been listed since its former sale last decade. Of course, when you're talking about a house as legendary as this one, more than a little bit of that sum total has to be marked up due to fame. And this home has left a definite mark on so many people's memories. All right, so I think that wraps up our latest McCully-Kulkin house tour. It's been a lot of fun walking down memory lane and showing you guys this place once again. We got a bit of an idea of what McCully and Brenda's family home looks like, and while the LA crib might not be as famous and festive as the McAllister abode, it does seem like a happy one. Thanks for watching. Hit that subscribe button and be sure to follow me over on Instagram to chat. I'll see you all in the next video. Bye!


Over the last four videos, we discussed the basics of Adobe Spark video. We talked about how Adobe Spark is actually three different applications. Adobe Spark Post, Adobe Spark Page, and Adobe Spark Video. We talked about how the apps can be downloaded for smartphones and tablets, and we looked at Adobe Spark Video in a web browser where we built the sample project Big Cats. We talked about importing pictures that you've sourced from the web into your Adobe Spark video project, and we also talked about how we could import video that you have sourced from the web. We talked about voiceover, and we also talked about how to add text to images. We also covered music and importing your own or using Adobe Spark's library. In this video, I'm going to show you a few other basic things, and then I'm going to show you how to export this so you can share the video with your professor. Some of the themes, like the ones I've chosen here, will have their own slides, like this one down here called Credits. If I click on this, you can see up here that we could edit this slide. To do that, I'm going to click up here where it says Add Your Own Credits, and I'm just going to put Bye Guy Stoil, and then it says Created With Work Bye, and I'll click down here. And because I've sourced video and pictures from the web, I'm going to give them credit. So I know I took my video from CNN, and I took my pictures, or still images, from the black Jaguar White Tiger Foundation. Then I can click out here, and I can see that this was by me, and is created with the work by CNN and Black Jaguar White Tiger Foundation. Now I have a completed video, and if I want to export it, as all I need to do is come up here to download, click on it. Once your video is done prepping for download, this window will appear with the file name that we've selected from the beginning of our project. You can see here, it says Big Cats. Navigate to the location where you want to save this file. In my case, I'm going to save it to Adobe Spark Tutorial, and I'm going to click Save. Once your video has been saved, navigate back to the folder where you saved it, you'll find that it's right there, an MP4 file format, and if you click on it, it is a standalone video. This photo is from the Black Jaguar White Tiger Foundation. I found it and sourced it from... In this short video series, we've only covered the basics of what Adobe Spark video can do. I encourage you to play with the software, explore it, and find out all the other cool things it can do. On the end title of each of these videos, I have included my email. If you have questions about Adobe Spark video or Premiere, email me and I will respond to you as soon as I see it. I check my email every day, so please don't hesitate to shoot me an email or a question and I'll get back to you as soon as I can. I hope these videos have been helpful for you and that you have fun as you work through your projects.