The next talk is Coded BKW with Steven, he's by Jean-Garreau, Thomas Johansson, Eric, and Marvenson, and Paul, the kind of... Mr. Kofsky. Stan Kofsky. Stan Kofsky. Right. And Eric is a... So, here we are. Okay, so this is the presentation of the paper called Coded BKW with Steven. It's based on joint work with me, Eric Marvenson, together with Shen Gu, Thomas Johansson, and Paul Stan Kofsky. I will begin with the outline of the presentation. So, first I will spend quite a lot of time with an introduction, where I first covered the LMW problem, then BKW, followed by Coded BKW. Then I will go over to Coded BKW with Steven, which is our new algorithm. Then I will cover some results in terms of some theorems and some illustrations of those theorems, and finally I will conclude the presentation. So, in LMW, there is a secret vector S in set QM that we're looking for. And we can query an oracle, which uniformly picks a vector A in set QM, picks a noise E from some kind of distribution, and then outputs a pair A and the scale of product of A with S plus the error. And usually the error is discrete Gaussian with mean zero and standard deviation sigma or equivalently alpha times Q, where alpha is the noise factor. So, we have some parameters in the LMW problem. We have the dimension M, the alphabet size Q, and once again the standard deviation sigma. An important parameter set for LMW is the regular parameters, where we set Q to be about M squared and alpha to be about one over square with the L. And in search LWE, we want to find a secret S. There is also for example the distinguishing problem where we want to distinguish, whether it's set of samples we have are uniformly random or LWE samples. So, before I move on, just a few points on why we want cryptography based on LWE. As discussed before, there is an average case of LWE to worst case of a lattice problems reduction. LWE is one of the main candidates for post quantum cryptography and it's possible to build efficient cryptographic primitives on LWE and it's also possible to build a fully homomorphic encryption based on LWE. When it comes to solving algorithms, there are mainly three types. It's to reduce to lattice problems which we discussed in the previous talks. Then there is Aurora G, which is asymptotically very good when you have a very small noise, but otherwise not so good. And then finally here is BKW, which will be the focus of this presentation. So, BKW, or Bloom-Kalai-Wasselmann, was originally proposed for LPM, which is LWE, where you set Q equals two. The idea here is that you divide the vector A into equally sized parts with a fixed size B. And then you sort your samples according to the top B positions. And then for samples that are equal in those B positions, if you subtract two such samples, the first part is zeroed out. But, so you lessen the dimensionality of the problem. However, you add an extra noise term. So the noise increases by, so if the noise of E1 and E2 is sigma, the noise of E1 minus E2 is squared to two times sigma. So in pictures, it looks something like this. So here, the length of the vector represents the number of positions and the height represents the magnitude of the positions. So with regular BKW, you step by step reduce down the positions to zero. So as an algorithm, it looks something like this. You begin by partial guessing of some top positions. Then you do reduction with BKW steps and then you end up with some reduced samples and you use the distinguisher of those to determine whether your results is from LWE samples or uniformly random. And in case you determine that they're LWE samples, you guess some more positions and work yourself through the vector. And if not, then you modify the initial guess. And now over to some improvements of BKW. The first important one is once again, alvect with the lazy module switching with the idea to group together samples that are not completely the same but just almost the same in the fixed positions. When you subtract samples, this means that you introduce some extra noise. However, which grows by a factor of square root of two for each BKW step. However, it allows for longer steps. The problem here is that the noise corresponding to the first step grows by a square root of two by a factor of square root of two more times than the later noise and becomes dominant. So the idea to solve this was to start with a small step where you almost reduce out the positions and then gradually increase the step size and be less and less strict with the reduction. I should also notice that there is a transformation that makes the secret S followed the noise distribution. So if the noise is discrete Gaussian, we can make sure that the secret S also is discrete Gaussian with its transformation. So now I will cover a coded BKW step, which is another improvement of regular BKW. So in regular BKW, you use a certain amount of partitions to zero out the positions. The idea of coded BKW is to use the QR linear code with parameters NIMB for each erection step and to vary NIMB between steps. So in step I, you look at the vector A, restricted to some positions, which I know by I here. And then you can write AI as a sum of a CI and EI, where CI is a code word in this lattice code C, in this lattice code CI. So for example, if you take two samples here, where the first N1 positions correspond to the same code word, C0, if you subtract them, you'll notice that you only get the error vectors left. This introduces some extra noise compared to regular BKW steps, regular BKW steps. However, it allows us to take longer steps. So in pictures, coded BKW looks something like this. You begin by a short step, where you're almost zero out the positions. Then in the next step, you take the noise corresponding to the first step, as increased by a factor of square root of two, and you take a longer step, and then gradually you take the noise from the previous steps, increases by a square root of two each time, and you take longer and longer steps, such that you end up with an even and distributed error in the end. So as an algorithm coded BKW looks something like this. So you begin with a partial guessing. Then if you want to, you can pre-process with some BKW steps. Then you do coded BKW steps, and then in the end, you use the distinguish which we just did, just as with regular BKW. It should be noted that there is also an FFT technique for coded BKW that improves this guessing part. However, that does not improve the asymptotics of the algorithm, so it will not be discussed further in this presentation. So now over to the idea of the new algorithm. So in pictures, it looks something like this. We have this sample here. We look at the current MI positions. We map it to the corresponding list here. To a list here where the MI positions correspond to the same code word as the sample. And we use some code in a way such that if we subtract two values A1 and A2 from this list, restrict ourselves to the current small MI positions, we get something that is in norm, in average, smaller than constant B times square root of NI. Then we take this list and as new samples, we only add or subtract two samples from here such that the norm of those values gets smaller than B times square root of big NI. So now we have a guarantee that all of those positions here are small. This can be done by just trying to add or subtract all possible pairs. However, it's slow to do it that way. So what we used here was LADIS seeding techniques, which in this presentation would be seen as sort of black boxes, which solves the problem. So the previous slide was sort of the micro picture of how a coded EW seeding step works. This is the macro picture. So in blue here, we have the samples in the beginning of the step. Then we divide up the samples into different lists, depending on the code words and of course in the positions we're working with. Then we apply LADIS seeding to each of those lists to end up with samples for the next step, which are small in the first big NI positions. So as an algorithm coded BKW seeding with something like this, you begin with some partial guessing. Then you pre-process with some BKW steps and then you do BKW seeding steps. The algorithm is pretty flexible. You can combine plain BKW steps, coded BKW steps and coded BKW seeding steps in different ways to optimize the algorithm for different parameter sets. Once again, if we go back to this picture graphically of how the algorithm works, it looks something like this. You begin here instead of beginning with a small step, you begin with a large step where you aren't super strict with the reduction. Then in the next step, you take, in the next step, the seeding parts of the BKW step, make sure that the previous positions don't increase in size. So this means that we can get the same, for the positions we have reduced, the added error doesn't decrease. However, the cost of doing the seeding increases with the size of the number of positions we see. So this means that we have to take shorter and shorter steps instead of longer and longer steps which we did for coded BKW. Now over to some results. And first, I wanna mention how the asymptotic behavior of solving LWE typically looks. So you have N as the dimension of the problem. Then you set the alphabet size Q as N to the power of CQ. And the standard deviation, sigma as N to the power of CS. Then the complexity of solving LWE is typically two to the power of CN where C is a constant that depends on CQ and CS. For example, for the regular instances, we have CQ equals two, CS equals 1.5. And the previous state of the art is 2.2 to the power of 0.930N. So now we are new algorithm. We have the following results. If we don't use any kind of pre-processing, if we just use regular coding BKW with seeding steps, the complexity is two to the power of CN where C is this value. Here lambda is the best heuristic legacy in constant, which is 0.292 for classical computers right now and 0.265 for quantum computers. Then we have another theorem when we use pre-processing with plain BKW steps. So with the same setting as before, if also C is bigger than lambda for this expression C here and this other condition is also fulfilled, then the time of space complexity is two to the power of CN where C is, yeah, this expression and lambda is the same constant as before. So for the regular instances, this means that we have some improvements compared to the previous state of the art expressions. If we use coding BKW with seeding without pre-processing, we go down to 0.9054. If we use pre-processing, we get 0.8951. And then if we use pre-processing and also have access to quantum computers, we get 0.8856. Then I have a picture here for different parameters CQ and CS of the different state-of-the-art algorithms and where they are the best one. We have excluded error or G from this picture, which is the best algorithm when CS is smaller than 0.5. So the top picture there is the previous state of the art where we can see that coded BKW was the best algorithm around the regular instances. Now with coded BKW with seeding, we see that that one is the new best algorithm and we noticed that not only does it beat coded BKW in most places, it does beat the dual attack with access to exponential number of samples in some places too. Compared to coded BKW, we also have an improvement when it comes to the concrete complexity for some regular instances. And also to the conclusions, we have presented a new BKW type algorithm that combines coded BKW with light seeding techniques. We have asymptotic improvements for some parameters that are included in the regular parameters and we also have an improvement compared to coded BKW for some concrete instances. And some future work includes some asymptotics where it's possible, where it's probably possible to make some minor improvements by combining coded, plain, coded and coded BKW with seeding steps in different ways. Also to investigate the performance when we have sparse secrets and polynomial number of samples. The other future thing to do is to develop an optimal algorithm for concrete instances where we have to take a lot of stuff into account that doesn't affect the asymptotic behavior but that does affect the bit complexity for concrete instances. Thanks for your attention. The parameters that you guys know what the primal adulate lapse attack was doing at home? I don't remember exactly but it's a little bit better than our values which is probably why I didn't include it on the slide.


Sadges about tonight's game. Something is definitely changing in the right way for me. Like I said before, my goal was to really just go back to the basics and just really just hit the ball and put it in play, you know. And right now I'm getting much better results and, you know, very thankful for everybody here just giving me the opportunity to play and get myself out of my bad funk, you know. Did you feel like it was a matter of time? Yeah, I think so, you know, and the more you play, the more opportunities you have to make adjustments in game and finally find the one that works for you. It has been a lot of work with our hitting coaches here and, like I said, they're finally showing up. And what was that fourth inning like for you? Comucho, divertiéndome, el dogao, impresionante ese inning. Tenía mucho, tenía mucho que no sentía esa adrenalina en el dogao, esa adrenalina de hace mucha carrera. Después que pasamos un tiempo malo para atrás y regresa ahora y poder montar ese show que estaba montando, algo impresionante, todo el mundo está haciendo su trabajo, está jugando fuerte y nada, pero hemos que eso continúe. Yeah, what a show, huh? What a show. I was sitting in the dogao and I was just watching it, you know, it's impressive, you know, and whenever you see the guys hit it in that fashion, you know, and it's been a while since we felt that kind of energy and we've been able to put a show like that offensively and especially now we went through a bad stretch and to turn it around and find ourselves in a good place right now and have the opportunity to give the fans a show, you know, like that it feels good.


Friends, my name is Arpita Karwa and in this video I am going to clear all your confusions and doubts related to GATE exam for English Literature subject. Now I know that there has been a lot of buzz related to this GATE exam since the time IIT Bombay has released a notification on their website saying that GATE exam is now open for certain subjects of humanities and commerce like sociology and English Literature. And there are a lot of students who are confused related to so many topics regarding GATE exam. They are not sure about the eligibility and why should they apply the benefits of GATE exam and so on and so forth. So what I did was that I sat with my team and I checked all the WhatsApp messages, all the mails that we have received and I prepared a list of questions which students are asking us repeatedly about GATE exam and I thought of addressing all those questions in this one particular video so that anybody who has any confusion related to GATE exam for English Literature can just watch this video and get their doubts solved. Before I talk about GATE exam for English Literature or any other particular subject related to humanities, I would like to first take you quickly through the history of GATE exam so that you can understand what this exam is exactly about. So basically if you remember the time when we were in our 12th standard, there were few students who used to prepare for GEE exam or NEAT exam. Now these GEE or NEAT exam were given by students after 12th standard and the aim of giving this exam was to get into a good college for their graduation. So if I want to do engineering from IIT, I have to crack GEE with a very good score. The same thing was extended further that if a student who is studying right now in the third year or is in the final year of graduation wants to get into a very good college like IIT or ISCs or NITs for post graduation, they have to clear another entrance exam which is GATE. GATE stands for general aptitude test for engineering. So basically this exam was meant for engineering students who want to do their masters from IIT. Suppose a student who wanted to do graduation BTEC from IIT was not able to clear GEE exam. He went to some small or not so well-renowned college for graduation. Now still he wants to do his masters from IIT. So what he is going to do in the third year of his graduation, he is going to sit for GATE exam and once he gets a good score in GATE, he gets an all India ranking, he will then apply and be a part of master's program of IIT or NIT. So this was the process which was seen very widely in India so far. Now what has happened is that IIT Bombay has taken an initiative and has opened up GATE exam for certain humanity subjects like English literature, psychology, sociology. So now if a candidate who is in his graduation wants to pursue masters from IIT in English literature can sit for this exam, can give this exam, can get a good score and finally admit himself into a good college for masters. So this is how GATE exam will now be seen in the field of humanities.  So the first important questions that students generally ask me is that what is the age limit of GATE exam. Surprisingly there is no age limit for GATE exam. You can sit for the GATE exam at any age. Even if you are 40 or 45 or 50 years you can sit for GATE exam. The important criteria here is that though there is no age limit but there is minimum eligibility. Now what is the minimum eligibility to sit for GATE exam? Minimum eligibility is that you must be in the third year of your graduation that is the final year of your graduation. If you are in the first or second year of your graduation you are not eligible to sit for GATE exam. If you are in third year of graduation or any higher class like master's first year, master's final year, if you are doing PhD or if you have graduated and you are working somewhere you are eligible to sit for GATE exam. So you know this actually creates a lot of flexibility in the system because even if a person has not done a post graduate degree he can give GATE exam and even if the person has done a post graduate degree he can give GATE exam. So there is a lot of flexibility and a lot of scope in case of GATE exam. Another important question which might pop up in your head is that what is the exam date for the next GATE exam? So the date announced by IT Bombay is in the month of February 2021 but because of the corona pandemic they say that the dates are flexible and the dates might even change. Another interesting question that students ask me is that what is the mode of the examination? So the mode of exam is online. The exam is a CBT or what we commonly know as a computer based test. Just like we have our net exam where we have a computer screen and questions are flashed on the screen we have to choose the correct answer then and there on the computer screen just like that GATE exam is conducted. Next question that you might ask me is the paper pattern. So the paper pattern is also very similar to net exam. So in net exam you have two papers paper one and paper two. Paper one is a general paper and paper two is a subject specific paper where you have hundred questions in line. Similar to that is the GATE exam. Here you don't have paper one you just have one paper that is the subject specific paper which consists of hundred objective questions. So the paper is entirely objective and you have MCQs as a part of the question paper. Another interesting thing that you might know or you might want to know is the validity of this exam. So the exam is valid for a period of three years or you can say that your score card all India ranking that you are going to get is going to be valid for a period of three years. So in this period of three years you can apply anywhere for your masters but once this three years period has lapsed then the GATE exam score card will not be valid anymore just like we have in case of our JRF. So the JRF award letter is valid for a period of two years. You can apply for PhD and you can get a stipend if you apply within that period of two years. Similar to that is the GATE score card validity which is valid for a period of three years. So even if you are not very sure whether you would like to give GATE exam or not don't skip the next part of the video where I am going to talk about the benefits of giving GATE exam because I am pretty sure that these benefits are going to lure you so much that you will definitely think of sitting for GATE exam at least once and giving it at least one shot. If you want to take up a job right after your graduation then let me tell you my friends GATE is very big boon for you because GATE provides you with job opportunities in public sector undertakings like power grid, IOCL all these companies take up candidates higher candidate based on their GATE score. But what if you don't want to you know take up a job or you want to study further you want to pursue your masters even in that case GATE is your very good friend because the most prominent colleges like IIT's, NIT's, IISC's all of these colleges they take masters admission based on your GATE score. So if you have a very good GATE score then it becomes very easy for you to get into these big colleges like DU, JNU or IIT's for that matter and at times there are certain colleges where the GATE scorecard is used even in order to take PhD admission. So be it further education or be it job GATE scorecard is going to be a very big achievement for you and is going to add to your CV to your resume. Apart from that what is very beneficial about GATE is that suppose you are a candidate who has done his graduation in the field of science and now wants to study literature, English literature wants to do masters in English literature. You don't have interest in science anymore. What you can do is that you can give GATE exam in English literature even after doing your graduation from a science stream and once you have the GATE scorecard you can apply in any university any college across India for your masters in English literature. So the GATE scorecard is your wildcard entry to any college for any particular subject. Even if you've studied commerce say BICOM you have done in your graduation and now you want to switch to sociology, give the GATE exam and you can now enroll as a student of masters of sociology. So this is the beauty behind GATE exam. Another important thing that you must remember in regards to GATE exam is that it doesn't matter if you've done your graduation from distance. GATE exam can be given by students who have done their graduation from distance learning as well. So because of family pressure or some family responsibilities if you were not able to go to a regular college you had to take up you know distance learning degree. If you have GATE card with you the GATE scorecard with you you can add value to your CV in spite of the fact that distance learning tag is associated with you. So this is what GATE can give you. I'm pretty sure that you know GATE exam benefits are going to definitely charm you or you so that you start preparing for the upcoming GATE exam right from today and I'm pretty sure that you're going to nail it. Now it's time to look at the syllabus of English literature GATE exam and see whether the syllabus is similar to NET or dissimilar to NET. Before I talk about the syllabus of GATE for English literature I would like to point out two myths that people are nowadays talking about. The first myth related to GATE exam in English literature is that GATE is tougher than NET exam. Let me tell you friends if you use your common sense you will be able to find out the difference between GATE and NET. GATE exam is given by students who have completed their graduation or are in the third year of their graduation whereas NET exam is given by students who are either in the final year of their post graduation or have completed their post graduation. It's simple NET is tougher than GATE exam because if I ask you that there's a student from 10th standard and there is a student from 12th standard whose question paper is more difficult definitely the question paper of 12th standard is difficult than the question paper of 10th standard because it is prepared for a person who is 2 years elder to the 10th standard student. Similarly, GATE exam is given by graduates whereas NET exam is given by post graduates so NET exam syllabus is more exhaustive. There are people who are saying that GATE means negative marking here so exam is more tough. Let me tell you friends NET means negative marking but even today all the students are not able to clear the NET exam. Why? Because there is no negative marking in the exam if your concepts are not clear if you haven't studied properly then you won't be able to score and if you have studied properly then whether there is negative marking or not you will clear because if you get the answer then you will do the correct mark. So negative marking doesn't make the exam more tough. Also at the same time another myth that I am hearing from a lot of students these days is that the syllabus of NET and GATE are different. Guys before believing on any of these myths please go and check and compare the syllabus of NET and GATE. I actually sat down with the syllabus of NET and GATE together and I cross-checked both the syllabus and I found that both of them are exactly similar. If you look at the NET syllabus and the GATE syllabus which is displayed on the screen right now you will find out that the GATE syllabus includes all the topics of NET syllabus but there are certain topics in the NET syllabus which are not a part of GATE syllabus but there is no topic in the GATE syllabus which is not a part of NET syllabus. Like if you look at history of English literature both of these exams have that poetry fiction, non-fiction, short stories both the exams have that literary theory and criticism both the exams have that then you have research methodology both the exams have that and then you have other literatures like Indian literature and post-colonial and world literature both the exams have that but at the same time if you look at cultural studies it is a part of NET exam but not a part of GATE exam. So if you look at both the syllabus you will find out that if you have prepared for NET exam you can very easily clear each and every question of GATE exam because we all know this. NET exam syllabus is extremely exhaustive. NET exam includes anything that is written or translated in English all over the world. There is nothing more to English literature than what we are studying in NET exam. So if there is nothing more in the field of English literature then how come something new pop up in the GATE exam. So before believing into any of these myths please apply your common sense and compare the syllabus yourself and then see. We are really proud to tell you that our course for UGC NET English literature is self-sufficient for GATE exam and for all the other competitive exams specifically asking questions from the field of English literature because our course is so exhaustive and so detailed that it covers each and every topic that can be asked in any of these competitive exams. If you look at the GATE syllabus you will find out that our online course modules, the 13 module structure that we are displaying free of cost on our website covers each and every topic that is a part of GATE exam syllabus. So with that note I come to an end. I hope I was able to clarify each and every confusion that students are facing these days related to GATE exam. If you have any other doubts, any other questions feel free to put your questions on the WhatsApp number displayed above or you can even put that in the comment section below. Apart from that don't forget to subscribe to this channel because we are going to update you very soon about another important examination coming your way. So that's it from my side for this video lecture. We'll meet soon in the next video lecture till the time we meet next. Happy learning, keep loving literature and stay tuned to arpathakarwa.com


Welcome to Toffy TV's The Everton News Daily. Llewka Dyn has admitted it is, he is delighted to have finally linked up with Carlo Anciolotti at Everton. Seven years after their paths crossed at PSG, Dyn signed for PSG from Llew, but never had the chance to work with Anciolotti who then moved on to Railman's Day the couple of weeks after the signing was completed. Dyn said he's absolutely delighted to be working with Anciolotti now and it has been worth the wait. He's a fantastic coach and he wants to improve Everton. He said we're doing something good at Everton building up and Europe needs to be the aim this season. We think it will be great for the club and hopefully with the players we can achieve our goal. Dyn said he's delighted to be one of the top left backs in the Premier League, wants to become the best and become the best left back in Europe. So there you go. Everton again today linked with a move for Lorenzo Pellegrini, the Roma midfiel player, Nicola Shearer putting this out again as well as the Italian press saying that Everton would pay two instalments of 15 million euros for the 23-year-old midfiel player. Those instalments have been paid two years apart so it means that the player would become an attractive proposition for Everton. 23-year-old midfiel player, Anciolotti apparently likes him, joining the list of every other Serie A player that Everton have been linked with over the last few months. Interestingly though the Gremio president Romildo Balzan has spoke about Everton Suarez and his move to Everton football club said that it looked to be progressing well although no official bid was made so that Anciolotti likes him and very keen on him but the club seemed to pull back on the deal due to FFP restrictions that it was having. The 24-year-old winger has been consistently linked with the move to go to the snow for the last 12 months. Anciolotti liked him, liked him at Napoli and now likes him at Everton. FFP is a problem, it is an issue for Everton. Obviously it will be more of an issue this summer unless the FFP gets abandoned almost for this next 12 months due to obviously COVID-19. Everton will have to wait and see but Everton will probably have to sell before they could buy to satisfy the FFP restrictions and this story just kind of backs up that as well. Everton is still interested in Wendell, the Brazilian midfiel player, plays with Sport and Lisbon, that's according to Portuguese Press. Former Sheffield United Manchester City midfiel player Michael Brown says that Matty Longstaff will find it very difficult to reject overtures from Carlo Anciolotti should Everton make a move for the 20-year-old midfielder. He is out of contract this summer, hasn't agreed any new deal with Newcastle United and it is thought Everton would only have to pay development fee for Longstaff summer in the region of £400,000 to get the 20-year-old in. And Brown says that the pull of Anciolotti will probably be too much for Longstaff to resist. Who knows? Everton are due back in training tomorrow at Finch Farm as project restart phase one is underway. A lot of clubs have returned to training today. Everton chose tomorrow as their preferred option players will be tested at the gate of Finch Farm and have their temperatures taken and they will work in groups of no bigger than five as Everton. Continue to use the social distancing side that is in place for the Premier League. Six players or six staff and players have tested positive for Covid-19 since the first round of testing has been done. Those players and clubs haven't been confirmed and there's no information whether it is actually players or just coaching staff at the moment but that's only really to be expected given the first round of testing for those players so let's see what happens with that. That is it for today, make sure you subscribe, give the video a thumbs up and if you want more videos join us on Patreon. See you later.


I can tell you as a veteran who started a business that while the military teaches us a lot of great things that help us be in business and run a business, there are a lot of things that the military doesn't teach us, especially in the world of marketing, sales, building relationships out in the community. That's not things that we're necessarily taught how to do in the military. I really want to share what I've learned after being in business for almost seven years outside of the military and share the lessons I've learned the hard way so that you don't have to learn those lessons the hard way. We can help you get a jump start on handling all those things instead of getting stuck in the same cycle that I got stuck with coming out of the military and trying to understand how the civilian world works.


This is the VOA Special English Education Report. Conflicts around the world are keeping tens of millions of young people from going to school. Many have physical or emotional injuries that make it hard or even impossible for them to learn. Later this year UNESCO will release its 2012 Education for All Global Monitoring Report. UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The yearly publication is part of a global campaign to provide primary education to all children within the next three years. The report documents the situation in countries that have made the least progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. These goals require universal primary education and equality for boys and girls in schooling by 2015. Pauline Rose is the director of the report. She says at last count in 35 conflict affected countries there were 28 million children out of school. In some countries schools were not even accessible in conflict zones. There are no teachers and the schools are sometimes attacked. The Geneva Conventions bar the targeting of public places like schools and hospitals. In some cases schools are targeted because they represent the government. In other cases schools are targeted for religious or political reasons. Pauline Rose points to Afghanistan where militant groups have attacked girls schools to keep girls from getting an education. In other parts of the world schools are often caught in the crossfire of violence. Conflicts also put girls and boys at risk of sexual violence and of being forced into war. Under international law refugees are the only displaced people with a guaranteed right to education. But that guarantee often means little. Last year Pauline Rose visited camps in Northern Kenya that shelter more than 250,000 refugees from Somalia. She says half the children have no access to school and there are classes of over 300 children. The study asks what if conflict states in Sub-Saharan Africa moved just 10% of their military spending to education. UNESCO says they could educate more than one fourth of their out of school population. And in Pakistan it says 20% of the military budget could provide primary education for all children. Experts say one country has been a real success story. For years Botswana has used its wealth from diamond exports to finance universal primary education. And to create a skills base for its growing economy. For VOA Special English I'm Carolyn Presuti.


Like, isn't it working? Ha ha ha! Hi bitches, my name is Fenty Beauty today. So everyone has wanted to know how college is for me and I've been making a lot of college videos and I thought, why not do like a what's in my college backpack video because those are so entertaining nowadays. So this is my college backpack.  It's a limited edition one because I was like, yeah, it's basic, but I'm gonna be more better, like for my friends right there. But I'm gonna be better than you and I'm gonna buy a limited edition one that costs like $20 more because why not? Also, I'm sorry, there's sirens in the background of Brooklyn is dangerous place to live. Don't live here. And I've noticed that a bunch of these college backpack videos are kind of like the same, but I still thought like, you might as well know what's in my backpack because there's not really a lot. It's sort of the essentials everyone needs. So let's just get started. So first we're gonna go into the small container. I have my Advil because my friends always give me headaches. My Saundre, uh-huh. I always have hand cream on me because I have dry hands. And in case I need to hold hands with my non-existent boyfriend, I want them to be soft. I have Altois because bad breath is not appealing and I need to be appealing for boys. I have gum because I need to be appealing for boys too. I also have Trowel Deodorant for the same reason. And I have a metal straw.  It's in Maddie's room, that's where it is. I have a metal straw though. I have a solid perfume for the boys, mouthwash drops for the boys and I have hand sanitizer because every time I get out of the subway I have to use this or else I'm gonna die of some disease. Is in New York. Now let's go to the side pockets. Over here we have napkins for everyone because they like making messes. And then on this side I have a fork in case I need to eat something and I have my sunglasses case that is really for my fake glasses right here. Before we get to the main compartment there is a little pocket back here for your laptop and this is my MacBook that cost me too much money. Now let's get to the good stuff. I have my water bottle that my friend gave me. I have a Polaroid camera because I wanna make memories. I have an orange for a snack. I have my MacBook charger. My yellow pencil case. A reusable tote bag that also closes up like this. My portable charger. My vibrator except this is actually a glass straw prank ship. I have a Bluetooth mouse because I like hooking it up to my MacBook. Glossier powder when I get oily. I have my wallet that I never use for.  I have a bullet journal or a sketchbook whatever you wanna call it. I have like four more condoms in case any other boys wanna get wild with me. Kombucha because I never leave the house without it. I have a makeup bag in case I need to do any touch ups. I have my ramen in case I ever get hungry but like you can't eat ramen without a bowl so I also have a bowl. But after ramen sometimes you get bad breath so you bring mouthwash with you too. Don't you have the mouthwash drops? Yeah but this is I need. What if I need? It's stronger. It's stronger yeah. I need like what if I need more? And sometimes you can't finish ramen because you have like a small stomach or you have to steal food from your dining hall so like you have to bring some Tupperware in case. And like maybe it's late at night and you had a rough day you wanna use a face mask like you gotta have that. I have my resume to prove that I'm better than you. My book that I haven't read yet to prove that I'm more sophisticated than you. I have my iPad to prove that I'm more richer than you. And I have dry shampoo in case you ever like, I don't know, it just smells good. But like what if you get dirty outside and like you're sweating? What? Oh what if the ramen spills on you? Yeah you need an extra pair of clothes obviously. Caroline you're just in time for my what's in my bag video. Like don't I always, I always carry this stuff right? Yeah. I do have a hair dryer with me in case I need to like, in case it rains and need to get dry. Also you can't have ramen without hot water so like you need a boiler. What if you want some hot water? Like you always just carry a mug with you. But sometimes I also get hungry so I have some pistachios with me.  I do have friends that I hire with the YouTube money I make so we can play cards against humanity. Obviously since I live in New York there's like bound to be some people trying to rob me or maybe some friends who wanna test me. So like you have a knife set just in case you know someone's wanna try me today. And sometimes I get bored so like I like painting with watercolor. Obviously you can't paint without paint brushes and watercolor so this is my acrylic paint and watercolor set. There's a lot of room in here guys, sorry. In here we also have all my paint brushes. Sometimes it smells in New York City so they bring a diffuser with me and it's also in case I get sick and my favorite scent is lavender. And like it can also get hot sometimes so I have a mini USB fan in case I need to just cool down for a little bit. And college lectures are really boring sometimes so like if I get bored I'll just cut my own hair because you know I can do that because I'm better than you. I'm not lying guys, this really is a haircut kid. Also I'm gay and I always have to look good for the guys that won't date me, never date me. I also have string lights because I'm a VSCO boy apparently. And last but certainly not least I have a ring light mirror because I like looking at myself and only myself cause I don't care about anyone else because I'm a YouTuber who is rich. Oh yeah, it's a magnifying mirror. It's 10 times because I love myself times 10. So yeah, that is my what's in my bag video. I hope you enjoyed it. If you're wondering why I can fit all this stuff it's because I'm better than you because I'm rich and I'm a YouTuber and I have money and you don't. Like I have just coins all over my bag because I just, I love them. Of course I love them. I love them.  So if you enjoyed, give this video a like, leave a comment down below or subscribe for more below average videos every Saturday. Now it's time to read a comment on the story. Where's my phone? Solved my phone. I'm from Ireland and my coming out story isn't as extreme or as cute or extra as others. I kind of just made a meme at 3 a.m. and sent it to my family group chat cause I was too scared to tell them but it turned out great in the end and everyone was very supportive. Thank you for making cool videos and making me less bored. The meme is breaking news. Your daughter, Katie is bisexual. She likes boobs and dudes who would have known and it's the peak that you face. Thank you for sharing your story. I love you guys and everything is less than three. I ain't gotta clean that whole lot. I know, I know. Do you know that thing where it's like when you were corning, is this on? Like you shake the camera. Like isn't it working?


On another story, the police commanding Boronau has arrested 110 suspended criminals, including two repentant Boko Haram members for various offenses. The commission of police, Mr. Abdul Umar, told newsmen in Meduguri that the six of the suspects were arrested for rape, five for kidnapping, five for robbery, 29 for criminal conspiracy and theft, and 15 for culpable homicide. Umar explained that the two repentant Boko Haram members were arrested for theft. Five are one of the repentant Boko Haram members said he took some items from his female employer because she allegedly refused to pay him after working for four months. The command had successfully toiled into 70 cases, reported cases, and the man was made arrested of 110 suspects. These suspects are mostly involved in cases of kidnapping where six of them were arrested, six cases of rape with about 23 suspects, cases of criminal conspiracy and culpable homicide. Though we have some cases that we've succeeded in recovering the exhibits, but our suspects are lads, these Boko Haram will see a consignment of our Indian hem where we train the suspects about the escape. But we are still on it, but the ghosts of God we are going to get them because the exhibit is already at hand. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


This 10th year of Daily Tech News show is made possible by its listeners. Thanks to all of you, including Mike Akins, Norm Physikus, and Chris Allen. Coming up on DTSCES 2023, 18-inch laptops. And Iaz Akhtar helps us understand why Microsoft says it doesn't know when Call of Duty launched. This is the Daily Tech News for Tuesday, January 3rd, 2023, beginning our 10th year in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. From New York City, I'm Iaz Akhtar. And I'm the show's producer, as always, Roger Chang. And we shall start. I'm glad it says always. If you were not suddenly Roger Chang, I would be. It would be an interesting plot twist. It would be a disconcerting watch out for season 11, maybe maybe next year. We'll see. Let's start with a few things coming out of CES 2023 in the quick hits. Samsung is showing off a 57 inch ultra wide 32 by 9 aspect ratio. Odyssey Neo G9. That's the name of that 57 inch monitor. It is a 57 inch monitor. The mini LEDs display better give you eight K resolution at that size. It has 240 Hertz refresh rate, one millisecond response time, one million to one contrast ratio, as well as a matte display. So it doesn't glare. Samsung claims it'll be the first display with DisplayPort 2.1 support. But it will not be the last. You're going to hear a lot of DisplayPort 2.1 support this week. No price or release date on that yet. Samsung also announced a 40 inch curved OLED with a 32 by 9 aspect ratio, a new version of its smart monitor with personalized home content and Samsung's first five K monitor with a wide color gamut of 99 percent DCI P3 and HDR 600 support. You want to talk OLEDs, let's talk OLEDs. LG announced new OLED TVs with improved brightness. LG's OLEDs have some of the best contrast and black levels in the business, but OLED screens aren't as bright as LCD screens. To address that, LG promises the new G3 TV is up to 70 percent brighter than the G2. The more affordable LG C3 gets a processor upgrade for better picture quality. And the WebOS software that runs LG TVs is getting better ways to group its apps and more personalized recommendations. LG will also support QMS VRR, which gets rid of the black screen you see when you change between videos with different frame rates. LG also announced new laptops in its gram line, the 14, 15, 16 and 17 inch models. The gram style is a new variant with a glass design and a trackpad that lights when you touch it. The new LG gram models launch worldwide in February. No prices are known yet. One of the big announcements that every CES lately has been chips and Intel announced the Raptor Lake processors for laptops. Well, let's look at the flagship. That's the one everybody always pays the most attention to, even though no one buys it because it's the most expensive. Core i9-13980HX has a 5.6 GHz turbo frequency and 24 cores. I know there's one person out there going, oh, I'm going to buy it. Well, good for you. Intel claims it's the world's fastest mobile processor. We'll see about that. The new flagship has the same number of performance cores as the previous gen, but double the efficiency cores sports up to 128 gigabytes of DDR4 and a DDR5 RAM in a 55 watt chip. And you can overclock all four chips in the HX series, just like you can with the HK series. The 13th gen chips work with existing motherboards and existing power and cooling requirements, meaning it'll be easier for manufacturers to switch over to them. Intel also introduced the N series in the 13th generation. That's a replacement for Pention and Celeron chips. Those are the ones still being used in education and entry level machine. So think Chromebooks. They'll also appear in Internet of Things devices. So you'll see N series, 13th gen chips in store signage, kiosk, copiers, security devices, stuff like that. Couple other notes. CNET's Lori Grunin points out that Intel's Evo program. That's the one that certifies laptops to be, you know, efficient and powerful. Now allows for third party graphics cards. You can be Evo certified, even if you have an AMD or NVIDIA GPU, and they're going to certify accessory providers, people who make Thunderbolt 4 docs, mice, keyboards, stuff like that, that you can get Evo certification for those as well. The 13th gen processors also bring along support for Thunderbolt 4 and, therefore, DisplayPort 2.1, as well as 20 gigabit per second USB and Intel's Unison, which lets you share iPhone and Android functions like texts and photo transfers with your PC. Evo being opened up. Acer has ditched the Swift 3 and Swift 5 naming scheme in favor of a more conventional method of including the screen size and the name. Swift, the Swift Go 14 and 16 are the new names of new mainstream machines. And the Swift 14 and Swift X 14 are 14 inch versions of Acer's mid range and top of the line systems. These are coming in May and June. The Nitro gaming laptops are now the Nitro 16 and Nitro 17. Those have 13th gen Intel processors and NVIDIA 40 series GPUs and arrive in the US in May, starting at $1,200. And if you want LED backlights on your keyboard and the top of the line specs all around, check out the 16 inch and 18 inch Helios models which start at 1650 and $1,700 respectively. They're coming to the US in March. Sadly, perhaps Acer is keeping the Aspire laptop line as Aspire 3 and Aspire 5. Oh, and the Aspire models are now only available with Intel CPUs. No more AMD options. Interesting. I wonder how Intel swung that. Dell showed off a prototype under the Nix name NYX. It's a PC gamepad, has the usual buttons and analog sticks and stuff, but also adds things like a fingerprint sensor under the central button, touch sensors and scroll wheels, innovative ways of doing controls. There's also a Nix workstation setup that uses glasses free 3D displays and a depth sensing camera so that you can have an avatar of you in real time and experience a VR like workspace, but without needing a headset. Those are both prototypes, but Dell also showed off stuff that you can actually buy. Dell's got new Alienware Legend gaming laptops, including one model with an 18 inch screen. These have options for top level, 13th gen Intel HX CPUs as well as those 40 series Nvidia GPUs. There's also 14 and 16 inch models of the Alienware Legend, including the X 16, which has a tall 16 by 10 display. These are all coming this quarter with all but the base level X 14 starting above two thousand dollars. That M 18, the 18 inch one starts at two thousand eight hundred ninety nine. And if you want that tall 16 by 10 display, the X 16 starts at three thousand ninety nine. Now, if you'd like to spend less money on the gaming laptop, Dell has an option for you there to G series offers a blocky kind of eighties looking retro design with 13th gen Intel chips, RTX 40 series GPUs. The G 15 starts at eight hundred forty nine and the G 16 starts at a thousand four hundred ninety nine, though those prices are going to go up if you want the Intel 13th gen and Nvidia 40 series GPUs. They also offer two terabyte NVMe storage options. They go on sale this quarter and versions with AMD chips will be coming in. Q two, Dell has some other stuff here. They also introduced a twenty four and a half inch five hundred Hertz gaming monitor, five hundred Hertz. This might be actually the first five hundred Hertz to go on sale. Others have been announced before. It's got a fast IPS screen coming to China, February 8th and North America, March 21st, Dell's new 32 inch six K monitor is being compared to the Apple Pro Display XDR. It's a sixty one forty four by thirty four fifty six monitor using LG's IPS black technology. No price on any of those yet. And then there's the Dell ultra sharp coming in Q two. That's what that one is. The Dell ultra sharp coming in Q two and what this price is going to be for that five hundred megahertz. OK, so one early kind of CS seems to be the 18 inch laptop because Razer also announced new blade gaming laptops in 16 and 18 inch sizes. As you would expect, they run on 13th gen HX Intel CPUs and 40 series Nvidia RTX GPUs and ASUS announced its strict line of laptops now come in 16 and 18 inch models, along with improved cooling to push higher frame rates like ROG, Zephyrus, M16 and Zephyrus G14 have Nebula HDR displays. Matter is a cross platform standard we've talked about on the show before. It'll eventually make it simple to set up all your smart devices with whatever you've got, but you need everybody to roll out the support they've promised for that to start working. And in the first of what will likely be many matter compatibility announcements from smart home device makers at CES. GE Lighting said that matter support will come to new versions of its sync. That's CYNC sync direct connect smart bulbs and smart plugs. It will not come to existing sync devices and new versions of direct connect smart bulbs and plugs will support matter later this year. All right, we do have a couple of things that are not from CES 2023, right? Go figure. Starting on March, March 1st, that is starting on March 1st. Let's try that again. Starting on March 1st, Apple will raise the price of out of warranty battery replacements for iPhone 13 models and older. The price for iPhone battery replacements will rise from $69 to $89. MacBook Air replacements will also increase by $30 and iPads by 20. The price increases will not affect customers with Apple care. And Arlo announced that next year, OK, so they're giving you a year. January 1st, 2024. Arlo cameras will no longer offer seven days free cloud storage. Arlo also says it reserves the right to eliminate any of its free cloud features like email alerts and push notifications for any camera that it stopped making more than four years ago. So the free ride, even though it was on the box when you bought it, is now. The Consumer Electronics Show CES. It officially opens Thursday, if you if you're confused. Thursday, January 5th is when it opens, but press events always start early. And like South Carolina trying to beat Iowa as the first US presidential primary, Nvidia swiped the spot as the first CES press event on Monday. Let's talk about what Nvidia announced at its virtual press event today. Sure thing. We got the name change we expected. Nvidia announced its mid-range RTX 4070 Ti GPU on Tuesday, which is exactly the same as the card formerly known as the 12 gigabyte RTX 4080. That's the one that everyone complained was confusingly named. So now it's called the 4070 Ti. If you can't afford or don't want to spend money on a 4080 or 4090, you can now get a card that claims to play cyberpunk 2077 three times as fast as the 3090 Ti. You won't get 4K support, but you will get 1440p and 120 frames per second. Thanks to DLSS three. The Nvidia RTX 4070 Ti is available starting January 5th with a suggested retail price of seven hundred and ninety nine dollars. That's a hundred bucks less than when it was called the 4080. So I mean, I guess the complaining worked. I thought it was a little silly that people were upset about the name. I'm like, they're just going to put out the same thing, but they didn't put it out at a hundred dollar discount. So I don't know, maybe they were trying to get away with something by calling it the 4080 and then being able to put another hundred bucks on top of that or just the supply chain math worked out differently and the delay caused them to calculate a new price. That's also possible. But yeah, it's it's a nice, I wouldn't say mid range, but it's a nice afford a more less money alternative to the top of the ones. It certainly is a thing that costs less. It is definitely a thing that costs less. Nvidia also made some interesting announcements around it. It's a GeForce Now game streaming platform. What is now called the RTX 3080 tier is going to be called the GeForce Now Ultimate tier, but the price is going to stay the same. They change a name here did not get you a discount. It's still going to be $20 a month. Your games will soon stream from machines with RTX 4080 GPUs, though, and they aren't raising the price for that. That includes support for full ray tracing, DLSS 3 and 240 frames per second. Nvidia also said that a 240 Hertz mode should have latency less than 40 milliseconds. Existing tier subscribers will get automatically upgraded once this comes along. If you're in the U.S., that should happen sometime at the end of the month. And if you're elsewhere in North America and Western Europe, it'll come in Q1 and they haven't announced a schedule for anywhere else. I like that they're actually bothering to try to upgrade GeForce Now because that thing's kind of been a little messy, I want to say. Yeah, people seem to be huge fans of it, right? But but they but I get mixed reviews from it. And it is nice to see them blazing the trail and not just giving up on it like maybe some other companies would do if they had a cloud gaming streaming service that was about to sunset in two or three weeks. You know what? You'll be able to play GeForce Now games from the front dashboard or rear seat entertainment systems in cars from Hyundai, Kia, Genesis, Polestar and BYD. Nvidia says that any car that has at least a 4G connection and a browser in its entertainment system should be able to access GeForce Now.  No date was set for this. Interesting idea. Game streaming in the car is one of the things that cloud gaming makes more practical, right? You don't have to put like high end specs in there. You just either need a good strong Wi-Fi connection, which lots of cars have or, you know, probably a 5G. I know they said at least 4G, but I'll be honest, you're you're you're probably going to want a 5G connection in there to make the best use of it. But then, yeah, I wonder what the control scheme, how that's going to work, how your controller is going to going to connect and usability and all that, but not bad, right? Nvidia really wants to be in the auto industry, and it is. It is now. They're going to cram themselves in cars no matter what. Yeah, that's going to happen. Robot simulators are an essential thing. We've talked about this on DTS over the past year. If you want to develop your your intelligent software to guide robots, you want to do it in a risk free environment. Something that is not as expensive as testing in the real world and get it safe, you know, because it's it's dangerous to test stuff in the real world if you're not really sure it's going to work. Nvidia has a platform called Isaac Sim and it has added virtual humans to that sim so that you can not only prepare your robot in a realistic situation, but you can test things like collision avoidance with those unpredictable organic coworkers. The sim is also adding the ability to render real time sensor data, including simulating different lighting conditions and reflective materials. You can also add different existing robots and warehouse parts to better recreate the actual physical area that you're going to operate in. All new features are available for developers to use right now in Isaac Sim. I kind of want to try this out for like more like dinner parties, see how they go and see just the human part. You know, lots of the robots, more of the unpredictable. Like, hey, that guy just he's choking on an olive pit. Ah, you know, if you're if you're a developer who's who's trying to figure out good machine learning for robotics in a warehouse, this is really exciting. For the rest of us, we just want to play around with the virtual humans. That's what I'd like to try. So Omniverse is Nvidia's platform for creating virtual worlds, also known as the metaverse. If you want to use the appropriate buzzword, it uses the open source universal scene description, which means objects you create in Omniverse can be exchanged across platforms. Nvidia had a few announcements around the Omniverse. The avatar cloud engine or ace is a generative AI that makes it easier to add intelligence and animation to any avatar. Developers can register now for early access to ace when it's available. The Unity Omniverse connector is also available now to take advantage of the Unity game engine in Omniverse. And Mercedes Benz plans to use Omniverse to create a digital twin of one of its German car factories so can better plan out building the real thing. Oh, it's kind of similar to the robot thing. You want to simulate something and get it really good before you actually do it. I kind of love that as a as a as a reason to use something called the metaverse. In this case, Omniverse create a good simulation of the factory. So you know where things go. I mean, on a smaller level, we've all experienced that in wanting to be able to simulate our living rooms and we want to buy new furniture and stuff like that. So, yeah, on a factory level, it's much more complicated. You need something like Omniverse works me. All right, Samsung is showing off its latest foldable screen prototype. This is what people come to CES for. The flex hybrid OLED can fold on one side and slide out on the other. So you can change not only the size, but also the aspect ratio. Now, Samsung is not the first one to ever do this. We've seen this at CES from other companies before, but Samsung has a good track record of actually taking these things and making them at least a slight success in the marketplace. When folded, it's a 4.2 inch screen. That's not bad. That's something you can slide in a pocket pretty easily. It then can unfold to be a 10.5 inch 4 by 3 tablet display. That's workable. That's the kind of thing that most people buy when they buy a tablet. They buy something around 9 to 11 inches. It can then slide out from one side to become a 12.4 inch 16 by 10 display. That's like your iPad Pro size. That's the like I really want this to work like a laptop size. But it's all in one device. Samsung will also be showing off a couple other prototypes that they have showed off before the flex slideable solo. That's a 14 inch OLED panel that can slide out to be a 17.3 inch display. And then the flex slideable duet OLED. It does the same thing by sliding out from both sides of the display. So you can you can kind of adjust different ways. These are all prototypes. Samsung may or may not put these into its own or into others actual devices. But there's a better chance of these showing up than some of the other things you may see. Yeah, I mean, Samsung's been messing around with foldable or flexible OLEDs for a really long time. I remember seeing a really old video, probably like a 640 by 480 style of video of a flexible OLED. Somebody's taking a hammer to it to show it's really robust. It's interesting to see these kinds of devices, because I think with Samsung's essentially R&D and all of the the real world feedback they've gotten with their flexible devices, they're finding out, OK, so what are the use case scenarios? When are people going to need this? A 4.2 inch screen is kind of a nice small, small ish phone, small now. And the tablet size sounds about perfect. So if you can have the best of both worlds, you got one device that does everything you need. That's pretty neat. I'm also curious if they would bother to have it's be a secondary display. So if you want to connect to a PC, that could be something that'd be nice. Just gives you a lot of options that you normally wouldn't have. But again, though, use case scenarios, I think this is more real world than why do I need a scrolling thing? This is why, because it's always good to have a larger screen on the inside. A lot of the objections to these foldable displays were the crease or the hinge. Remember the first version of the fold had had really bad hinge problems. And Samsung, Samsung weathers these storms. Remember, they had lithium ion batteries that blew up in 2016. And everyone said, oh, the note, you'll never sell the note. Well, the note sold for years and years after that, they were able to bounce back from that. They bounce back from the hinge. The crease gets smaller every time. It doesn't seem to bother as many people as maybe you thought. What I wonder here, though, is what's this 12.4 inch screen good for without a keyboard? And if you have a keyboard, how does that fit in? Because one of the advantages here is like, oh, I've got this very small phone like device that's easy to cart cart around that unfolds into a bigger tablet. But if I also have to carry a keyboard, then suddenly that advantage is reduced a little. Yeah, I see a point there. I mean, unless there was like a case that included some kind of flip keyboard that came out of it or some kind of magnetic attachment, something like a Surface Pro, that would be something. Now you're starting to add more and more bulk when you're carrying this. I know there was these really old versions of these laser projectiles. They would fire out a keyboard on a flat surface. Those are a really cool idea, but they didn't really take off too well because there's people like keyboard travel.  Then again, when you're typing on a glass screen, there's not a heck of a lot to travel unless you're like really the thing, I guess. So maybe this would be another thing that Samsung essentially teach the world what to deal with, because like you were talking about what the creases, you know, at first we were like, oh, it's got a crease. It's got a crease. And we're like, that's not so bad. Then it got even it's not as pronounced. Oh, it's not so bad. And then by the third or fourth generation, like, yeah, we can live with that because now we're so used to this idea of like, yeah, wait a second, I am carrying a tablet in my pocket. Like that wasn't a thing unless again, now I'm talking about large pockets. But it was not a normal thing. So I think Samsung could really come up with some cool, innovative ways to add a keyboard if they wanted to. Yeah. And Willie Scott in the chat says, I wonder if tablets are now becoming more laptop computers and phones are the new tablets. That's an interesting way to look at it. Maybe if you need a keyboard, well, then you should probably just get a regular tablet. But if you just want to be able to access a tablet every once in a while and you're not worried about the keyboard, well, then then a foldable with a slideable or a flex or whatever we end up calling this hybrid of multiple things, I think they just all fold under foldables is is something that could be up your alley. Folks, if you have a thought about what you would use this for, give us an email or give us an email about anything. Honestly, whatever is on your mind, email us feedback at dailytechnewshow.com. As Microsoft recognizes its first ever union, communication workers of America is now the bargaining representative for the quality assurance employees at Zenimax. It's being a little stickler in its flight or its fight rather to acquire Activision, a line in Microsoft's court filing over its acquisition of Activision Blizzard has gotten a lot of attention. So let's talk about what you need to know to understand this story. The US Federal Trade Commission has filed a lawsuit to stop Microsoft's acquisition of Activision Blizzard. That's how the FTC works, it files lawsuits. So that's that's not the weird part. It just means the FTC wants to stop this in that lawsuit. It makes a lot of justifications for its arguments. And among those justifications are that Microsoft getting control of calling a call of duty in particular would be bad for the gaming marketplace as it would contribute to too much control being on one place. The entire case doesn't rest on call of duty, but this is an important part of the filing. To justify that assertion, the FTC asserts that in here, I quote, by any measure, call of duty is a leading AAA franchise. And it cites the kind of facts you might expect in support of that. Twenty seven billion dollars in revenue between 2003 and 2020. Several million monthly active users and dominating the list of top console games sold between 2010 and 2019. So I ask how did Microsoft respond to this part about call of duty? Very lawyerly in its filing. Microsoft wrote that quote, it lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of the allegations concerning industry perceptions of call of duty and call of duty's original release date or as to the truth of the of the allegations concerning call of duty's launch and typical release schedule. And then the quote ends. This kept going for a while, include the revenue and user figures and that kind of stuff. It refers the court to the FTC's documents for the accuracy of any of these and denies all other allegations in the relevant paragraphs. That is very lawyerly and denying in the filing that they can tell. Like, we don't know when Call of Duty was originally released. You just have to rely on the FTC. They're going to have to prove that is very amusing. I'm not going to lie. That's funny, but remember, this is a court filing. This isn't them just, you know, walking into a bar and saying that Microsoft appears to be saying that they deny all the allegations in the FTC filing, except the stuff that's beyond Microsoft's responsibility to know. They're not going to deny when Call of Duty launched. They're going to say, hey, it's not that Microsoft can't find out that stuff. It's not our job to do that. If the FTC wants to use that fact, they have to prove it. We're not going to stipulate it. Matt Stoller, who campaigns against monopolies, called it nasty and petty.  Or do you think Stoller's right that it's kind of legally aggressive and being cautious? Again, remember, I'm not a practicing attorney. I've been retired officially for years. So the law might have changed. So just bear with me right now. I think Microsoft was I went to having a good time writing this, or at least our lawyers were, but they were being extremely, let's say they were splitting hairs, a lot of splitting of hairs, because one of the things when I was looking at the response, Microsoft claimed that a triple A game is not an industry defined term. Now that's what the FTC said is an industry defined term. So I could see Microsoft saying, Hey, listen, that term does exist. People do use it, but we don't have an actual industry definition as to what this is. So to split hairs on this level and every single in every single paragraph of the FTC complaint, it seems it seemed like petty sounds about right. Nasty. I don't know about that. It seems like it's splitting hairs. But like I've said thousands of times before, the precision of language is extremely important in any legal filings whatsoever. So if Microsoft says, we know that this date was the date, like what ramifications would that even have at all to the case? I'm not even sure why that was in there or needed to be in there, but they needed to hit dress point by point by point.  But then again, you know, this is probably going to end up with some kind of concessions and maybe a settlement, assuming it doesn't destroy competition. Yeah, I think that may be the only thing that's really surprising here is not that they're claiming not to know and go out of duty lunch. Of course, they know it's that they could I tell me if I'm wrong, but I think they could have just stipulated like, well, we'll stipulate that the facts in there are correct because it doesn't matter for our argument. Our argument is this isn't a monopoly, but instead they kind of went the extra mile of like, we're not you want to win this. You've got to work for it. So you're going to have to prove every single element, which allows certain things to be thrown out if they can't prove them, which then would undermine the argument. Like it does seem like Microsoft is pulling out all the stops by doing that. If I remember the complaint, right, I don't believe that the FTC specified exactly the date. They said it's like 20 cycle, just set a year. Yeah. Right. So that would be something that if they stipulated it, then they have to like they can't stipulate something that the complaint doesn't have. So you've got to then say this is so there's like essentially will be extra work. So basically saying, yeah, you said whatever we don't, we're not bothering with that. So I guess it could just be a way to quickly get this response done. The FTC filing is sloppy. And they're like, we're not going to stipulate that because you might be wrong. And we don't mean I can't I can't say why they would do it. But I could just say that the idea of in my we started saying this stuff again. I'm like, wait a minute. If it's not specific in there, we want to run the risk of ticking off the FTC right now.  Let me let me let me get something wrong here and they could pick at it. It's like, do I want that? No, we don't even know when this came out. That's not what we're going to talk about. We went with Microsoft have learned this officially. Like did we learn it today in the Google search or like I just don't know. It's about not. So in that case, what you're saying is it's about not leaving any openings for the FTC to go after. I would that's what I would be because that's just being cautious. Again, this is trying to get a $70 billion deal done. Yeah. Yeah. All right. Let's check out the mail bag on our year end prediction show. Will Smith made a prediction related to computational audio. John wrote in to point out an existing contender for what will once. John said, I was recently looking to upgrade from a 3.1 sound bar to a full surround system and almost purchased this Sony HTA 9 set plus their wireless subwoofer, which promises a 12 plus speaker sound from four devices. So 4.0.4 plus subwoofer all through computational audio, reading the speakers and their surroundings. The only reason I didn't go with it was because I have a vaulted ceiling and an open living room. I was very tempted as the reviews are pretty good. And I think Will Smith is right that there are a lot of ways this could really change how home audio is done. If there is a second product released in 2023 that does this, he'll get an easy one point in next year's predictions results episode been listening to every episode since day one of both DTS and TNT. I'm very happy to have I as back regularly. The DTS team is awesome and your shows keep getting better. Thank you. Thank you, John. John is also Spafnukia in Twitch. If you ever join in our Twitch chat and they're there as well. But but yeah, I. I'm going to guess will knew about this and maybe was making a wider like this will become more frequent or better. Maybe you just get it out of one speaker, but this is nice. This is a good point that that wills definitely on the right track. If you're interested in the Sonys, how it actually performs in these kinds of open spaces, vaulted ceilings, go to YouTube. Check out Tecmoan, that channel has been around forever. He had a similar version of the Sony system and he even had oddball systems of the oddball spaces and he was surprised by the results of how good it was. So yeah, computational audio, I think could get better. But like as long as what it costs right now is kind of ridiculous to be nice to have a little small dinky speakers like we were talking about seem like monster speakers. And thank you, John. I do like being back regularly. Yes. John is right about so many things on this fantastic. Thank you. I ask for being with us today before we let you go. What else do you have going on this week? Everyone should go to this old nerd.com. But last time I said that people went there and the site went down. So go to this old nerd.com, stagger that please. And there I do a show called this old nerd. And the idea behind it is you want to have the most tech forward home and life possible. Well, that's what this show is all about. Life is short. So make sure that the projects can be accomplished relatively quickly because I usually fail like a thousand times. And then I show you the way it actually worked. That makes it a lot easier for everybody watching. So check out this old nerd at this old nerd.com. Let I as fail so you don't have to. I love that. Thanks to our brand new bosses. Of course, we we haven't had a live show in a couple week and a half or so. So thanks to all the folks who joined in on the Patreon over the break. Glad you enjoyed those holiday episodes. Greg, Robert, Dan, John, Alex, Nicholas, Daniel, Peter, all just started back in us on Patreon. So thank you, Greg, Robert, Dan, John, Alex, Nicholas, Daniel and Peter. You are going to get good day internet. The extended show that starts mere moments away. You can also catch the show live Monday through Friday, 4 p.m. Eastern 2100 UTC at Daily Tech News Show dot com slash live back tomorrow with more CES and gadgets. Sherlyn Lowe will be joining us as well. Rich Strafilino from Las Vegas. Talk to you then. This show is part of the frog pants network. Get more at frog pants dot com. Diamond Club helps you have enjoyed this program.


What makes Open 3D Engine shine as opposed to the other engines is kind of its underlying architecture that allows for the communication between different parts of the engine. They've got a really nice and well thought out event driven system that has, as we've been working with it, or at least as I've personally been working with it, has kind of changed how I program. Hi, this is Yoho Soplin Parthia and today we have with us Jack Kalina, project manager of Project Eureka at the Open 3D Foundation and A.J. Biswas, lead programmer for once again Project Eureka. Before we talk about this whole collaboration between Open 3D Foundation and RIT University, I would like to just quickly understand what is Open 3D Foundation all about? So the Open 3D Foundation is a sort of umbrella organization for housing the Open 3D Engine project. It's part of the Linux Foundation and is really focused on making the Open 3D Engine. When we look at Open 3D Game Engine, there are already, depending on who you look, you know, Unreal, I mean there are tons of there. What is the need of this project or this foundation? So the main difference, the primary difference, the selling difference actually, between Open 3D Engine and the big engines that are out there like Unity and Unreal, is that Open 3D or O3DE for short is a fully open source and what that means is that anybody can essentially take the engine and they can use it for their own purposes and modify it for their own needs. They can fork it and like I said they can kind of create specifically what they want with it and they can kind of, as a result, they don't have to deal with things like licensing and things like that that you would have to deal with from Unity and Unreal. And it's also extremely modular in terms of its architecture as compared to Unity and Unreal and those other engines, which allows for a lot of easy like flexibility and extendability in terms of like what you can do with it. So is the primary idea behind the Open 3D Engine is to offer free beer or because, you know, Unity and they also offer free versions to individuals or smaller teams, you know, that you can leverage or the idea is more to do with the free as in freedom or open source idea where you also get to see the guts of it and you have more control over it. So I just want to understand when we do talk about the difference between the commercial ones and the open source one, what are the clear benefits which game developers can see there? At least for us, so we're not, you know, the ones leading the development or actually part of the foundation, we're just developers working in it. I think we kind of see both. We both see that sort of it's free to use. We don't have to worry about paying royalties or licensing fees for the game when we publish it. And then we also can essentially do a dive into the part of the engine to figure out why an issue isn't working or to make a fix that we need or there's a feature that we want to add that isn't already there. We can just go right in, add it, put in a pull request and then get it available for everyone else. So I think it's for us, at least it definitely feels like both. I would say that the primary thing is that you can do whatever you want to the engine. You have access to all the code. It's all completely open source, hence the name. You have access to all that. And as a result, you can also modify it in whatever way you see fit, which is not something you can do with any of the current engines. So it goes back to the same analogy if you look at, you know, why, I mean, it's not that why, but Mac OS, Windows versus using Linux big distribution like Ubuntu or Fedora or, you know, REL or SUSE or ARCH or GENTU. You get that freedom, that control over tinkering. And then, so, yeah, it does. Now, let's talk about Project Eureka. What is the goal behind this project? So Project Eureka is a partnership between RIT and Magicswell Studios RIT and the Open 3D Foundation. The goal is to provide funding for student teams to take a game they are already working on or want to start working on and have them work for whatever the set amount of time they decide on to create their game, publish it, release it in Open 3D Engine. So for us, the development is around about six months of development. The primary, like, benefits that students get from doing such a thing is that we get things like connections and we get to put ourselves out there like we are right now, as we speak. That's like, these are the primary reasons why at least we're doing this. It's because this is definitely a very good opportunity for undergraduates such as ourselves to kind of get our foot into the industry. All at the same time, from the Open 3D perspective, they get to utilize this project to get their own engine out there, get it more noticed and also from the Project Eureka kind of doubles as sort of a testing sort of thing for them as well because as we develop this game in an engine that is still largely in development, they find a lot of bugs that we come across and we open up issues for them to look at and like for example over these past five or six months that we've been developing, we found a lot of things for them to work on that I'm pretty sure that they would have otherwise would have taken them a while to realize that was something that they need to deal with right then and there. So this has been kind of a win-win situation for both sides in my opinion. I want to go back to the point that we were discussing earlier because you bought in Project Eureka is that if you look at game developers, of course, it may be different from somebody building a game, writing a game for commercial purpose or somebody writing a game just for fun, just exploration. I mean, we do both things, right? A lot of things for fun and a lot of things for commercial. From the perspective of game developer and let's just forget about that it's free of cost or other things, what are the benefits that you see of using Open 3D engine versus commercial engine is once again, I'm going purely from a game developer's perspective. It could be either more work or it could be less work because of the open source. So talk about that experience. I would say that from a purely development perspective, what makes Open 3D engine shine as opposed to the other engines is kind of its underlying architecture that allows for the communication between different parts of the engine. They've got a really nice and well thought out event driven system that has as we've been working with it or at least as I've personally been working with it has kind of changed how I program to be honest. It's really nice. And on top of that, like I said earlier, the engine is modular and what that essentially means is that it's all broken up into what they call gems or just plugins and the creation of a new plugin is actually really seamless. I haven't actually looked into how hard or difficult it is to create your own plugin for Unreal or Unity. But I haven't really, from what I've seen, it's probably a bit more, there is a bit more nuance to it than there is with Open 3D engine because with O3D is actually a really simple process. And of course, as you said, the Open 3D engine is in the very early stage is still in development. But what role do you folks, of course, it's not that you're not building a next company. I'm not looking from that perspective. But what role do you see for the larger gaming market? And we can also draw some comparison where if you look at Ubuntu or if you look at Steam Deck or Steam, it is leveraging Linux. It enabled them to bring a device also. Steam Deck is there, it's steam that we're into. OLED is also out now there. So it does enable a lot of new business opportunities. So when you look at either Project Eureka or you look at Open 3D engine, what kind of market possibility you see there? It may be hard to say at this point, but still, if you look at the larger market. I mean, just from the fact that it's open source, you can use it without licensing, all that. You look at what happened, you know, month, two months ago with Unity, where they completely changed their pricing plan and threw everyone for a loop. We were here like, wow, glad we're not working in Unity because we don't even have to worry about this because it's all open source, it's all free to use.  Besides how modular and the E-Bus says, like working in it has initial hurdles, but once you figure it out, it's so nice to work in. But I think in terms of like a market impact, having a sort of third open source option for 3D besides Unity and Unreal, I think that's going to be its biggest impact. And I think the effect that in my opinion, the engine is the most easily customizable of the three. What kind of games you folks are developing if you're developing any at this point? Project Eureka, obviously the point is that students make a game for the allotted amount of time. For us, that time has been from about late May to December 31st, and we plan to release early January. So our game that we're making, the game name is called State of Matter. It is a science fiction, futuristic first person puzzle shooter combination. So the short premise is that you are kind of an agent for the Earth's Society and you're tasked with going to an abandoned mining station on an asteroid, like a big asteroid, and you have to acquire, you have to go and find and retrieve a really rare new resource for them. But over time, as you play the game, you will come to understand the mysteries of why it was abandoned, what happened to everyone. As a heavy gamer myself, of course, this is a very, very opinionated view of preferences that I do like good visual, I like good graphics. Yes, I can play Zelda on my Switch as well. But I also like the graphics of Ghost of Tsushima, beautiful game there. So from graphics perspective, how mature is the platform and how mature is your game? For graphics, graphics is largely handled by the engine, and they've got what they call the Atom Renderer, which is, again, it's easy to, it is pretty simple to work with. As for, in terms of the graphics itself, I would definitely say it's definitely top notch, especially if you know how to work with it. It can be a bit difficult to understand exactly how to work with it, like there are, you know, engineers still in development, there are maybe a couple features that are not quite native yet, but there are also some features that I'm actually glad are there that aren't there in Unity and Unreal, like specifically how they do their lighting system. And if you can use it correctly and well, then your game can definitely look very nice. In terms of our game, it would be pretty difficult for a team of five with one artist to hit the Ghost of Tsushima level of art. So we're focused more on a pretty stylized, like low poly, hard edge, sort of sci-fi looking art style. So it's more or less like, you know, just the way Blender is for 3D modeling, very mature, very advanced, a lot of, so, you know, this open 3D engine is also of the same calibers. A lot of powerful, is that correct? Kind of, we can draw the parallel there, so people can relate to that. Yeah, if I had to compare Unity's native lighting system to O3D's, I would absolutely take O3D's lighting system over Unity. Personally, I do think Unity's lighting, native lighting is a little bit out of date compared to what you see today, especially with Unreal. I just think that overall O3D just looks better than Unity these days. When we look at open 3D engine and if you look at, you know, the other, you know, commercial players, does that, this open sort of nature give you an edge that you can actually move much faster? Because you don't have to really worry about the big organizations, big monolith, big developer cycle, so you folks can move much faster just the way Linux kernel can faster than company. So when the new technologies, new hardware comes into play, anybody can go in there, submit a patch or, you know, a feature. Just talk about the pace of development. I would say that with the pace of the development of the project, because it's open source, I think that a lot of the times it is easier, like the integration of like new features is quicker. Because with Unity, there's of course third-party plugins, but when it comes to third-party plugins, those aren't created by the Unity dev team, those are created by other people. And as a result, that has to go through a bit of a process in order to get like officially onto like the asset store, for example, or something like that. Whereas with O3DE, like I said, there's really, like you can create your own gem, which is how, which is what they call their plugins. Anyone can create a gem that they want, and these gems are modular, they can be integrated in any project. And there really isn't much of an approval process, you can create it, and then you can literally just start, you know, notifying other people in the community like, hey, I have this, this plugin, or I have this gem, and it does the XYZ. Feel free to go ahead and use it if you want, kind of thing. We have been talking about the Rosie picture. Let's look at some of the, you know, challenges when you compare Open 3D Engine, which is related to the new and open source project, versus when you look at commercial projects, what are some of the challenges or pain points that you feel that developers have come across, or you have to deal with? I mean, I think one of the biggest sort of pain points with O3D is just that it's so much newer than something like Unity or Unreal where they've been in development for years upon years now, and then O3D started really like two years ago. So some things are either not there or not documented super well, or whatever it may be. So there's definitely a sort of learning curve at the start you have to get over, but you know, it's really a community thing. So when there's, when you notice like, hey, there's no documentation on this, you can kind of just hop into like the official Discord or wherever and be like, hey, anyone know how to do this? Or like, is there a way we can get documentation up for this so I can understand it? So there are definitely pain points and figuring out how everything works in all the different pieces, but it's, once you're sort of over that hump, it's all good. Can I actually add something to that real quick? Regarding the documentation, you reminded me that that's also another part of the engine that's very easy to, to kind of iterate on, because the documentation is by with, with like Unity and Unreal, those are handled specifically by those dev teams, but the documentation with O3D, sure, it's primarily, primarily handled by the O3D team, but it can actually be iterated on by anyone because at the end of the day, that entire documentation website is just a giant GitHub repository. Anybody can add to the documentation, however they see fit. Of course, there's an approval process with that before they get it in, but the point is anyone can, anyone can, can integrate whatever they want with it. If there's something they feel that needs to be added, then they can add it, and I think that's really nice considering the open source nature of this, this engine. Like, like Jack said, the engine is still largely in development. So with Unity and Unreal, you have these giant forums with a massive communities around them, pretty much if whenever you have a problem with the engine, you can look up, like, you can look it up on the forums, chances are somebody else has had this problem and it's been solved. But with Open3D, there really isn't that massive resource that you have. Like Jack said, you really have, it's a tightly knit community for now, and it's like the Discord server, it's about it. There's also a Reddit page, but again, it's not nearly as much and a lot of the times the problems that we have are problems that haven't been talked about or no one else has really come across before. So what we end up doing instead is we have kind of had to learn how to dive deep into the engine's code and architecture to understand exactly what things are doing. And with the help of, since because of the Nature project Eureka, we get direct access to help from the developers themselves, we can figure out the problems that we're having. Some of the times that they are actual engine bugs, some of the times they are things that we just didn't realize this is how it works. We thought it worked this way, but it actually worked that way. It's been quite the process, not something that we were used to at first, but as we get used to it, I'd say that it was actually a benefit to all of us because we have a lot more experience now with getting to understand software that doesn't have much of a community backing it as compared to other software like it, that is a lot more popular. Why should game developers, it doesn't matter whether commercial or hobby, why they should look at this engine and consider it. I would say, first of all, that the engine has a bit of a steeper learning curve compared to the current ones out there right now simply because of the fact that it's still in development. But I would also say that for someone who wants to get into it to kind of publish something, I would say that considering the resources that are available, the Discord server is actually very nice. Yes, like I said, the community is not as large as the other ones, but you would, as a result, instead, you are a lot more likely to get real help from the actual developers themselves as compared to Unity on real where most of the time, if there's a question you have to, you need to ask, most of the time you'll get an answer from someone else who is also just a customer of the engine. Here, there are obviously plenty of other people who use the engine for their own purposes, but the developers are a lot more active with helping the community, in my opinion. And I think that's because of the fact that it's a bit more closely knit. Now let's look at what kind of developer should look at this engine. The engine is specifically meant for, well, it's not specifically meant, but it definitely was built with the idea of being AAA in mind. So it definitely is, I would say the primary use of the engine, the vision of it anyway, is to be used for AAA purposes, so made used by large companies. I think the idea here with the engine is that a large company would take the engine, they'd fork it, then they'd modify it in whatever way they see fit and then they would use that modified engine to create their game. In terms of, like, that is basically the idea with it. I would definitely say that it's still definitely usable for any other kind of developer as well. Indie developers, like, we're indie developers, right? So it's not to say that indie developers aren't specifically the greatest audience for this kind of engine. As a matter of fact, I would say that indie developers are a pretty good audience for this engine as well. Yes, if only because, like I said, there's a good community around it. The community's not as big, but it's very useful. And that's when you kind of understand, when you get a good feel for the engine, development actually does become pretty quick once you actually get a good feel for it. So somebody can use it to make the next gorilla tag or among us if they want to. Like I said, we haven't actually looked into what the stage development is for VR games. But from what we've seen in the community, people have been asking a whole lot of questions regarding it. And there's definitely support for it. Like, we've seen snippets of people developing a VR. So it's definitely in the engine and people have been doing cool things with it.  It's really useful because in open source projects such as Open 3D Engine, even though we are not specifically supposed to work on the engine, we're just supposed to work on the game within the engine, we have ended up working on the engine directly to get in like some features that we wanted to have for the game. And as a result, at least I can say personally, my understanding of C++ and programming concepts in general has skyrocketed since the beginning of this project. And that might simply be because of the fact that Open 3D Engine is still in development. So when you come across things like bugs and crashes with the engine, and then you start learning how to debug such a massive codebase, that skill of learning how to understand such a big professional codebase can bring you pretty far into the industry. If you're going into software development like I am, I would say it's definitely something that other people should consider looking into working on an open source project. AJ, Jack, thank you so much for taking time out today and talk about this gaming engine. As I said, I'm heavy gamer myself. So of course, I'll be looking forward to downloading and playing this game on the Steam. And I would love to chat with you folks again whenever you're working on the next game or to just to get an update on the project. But I really appreciate your time today. Thank you. Thank you very much. This was a lot. This was great. Glad to be here.