This talk, I'm gonna talk about Open Hardware a bit, and this might be preaching to the choir, but I just give an overview of stuff. I'm one of the people who made Open Hardware projects kind of at the beginning before it was really a thing, and, but I think it's fantastic. It's really the way to go for pretty much any project that we might wanna do. But, like anything, I wanna talk about this, because it's very personal for me, and give some background. I talked about this in my little talk on opening days, so if you were there, sorry to repeat some of it, but I am a TV addict. And I say that because this is why what I do is meaningful for me. We're very much a product of our upbringing, and it's not like we're trapped by it, but it informs who we are in a big way. And inventing, I'm an inventor, and inventing is really about doing things that are meaningful, like we can invent things that are stupid, we do that all the time, but why would you put that out into the world? Let's put meaningful things out in the world, and the reason why what I do is meaningful to me is because of my background, which really sucked. I was horribly bullied as a kid, targeted for being an introverted geek. That wasn't a safe thing back in the 1960s when I was a little kid. It's still not so safe now, but it's not as bad.  So being beaten up in school pretty much every day, often as the gym teacher watched, who becomes gym teachers? I'm just, anyways, life sucked. Same people as the leader? Yeah, cops later maybe, or CEOs, vice presidents.  So my parents were clueless, they were depressed as well, and I was just horribly depressed, so I tried to escape into television, which of course doesn't work, but as long as I was watching TV, I could seem to forget about my horrible existence, and kids on TV, unlike me, were beautiful, and they had understanding parents and friends who loved them, and problems that resolved always at the end of the show, and it just made me more depressed comparing myself to all of that. And time went away, and I didn't do anything useful. I just ate junk food and got fatter, I got more depressed, only to be more of a target at school, only to want to escape more into TV when I got home, and that is called addiction, and TV was, and is my first addiction. I tried a bunch later, too, but none of them work. They take away much more than they give. So that was as a kid, and for the first pretty much half of my life, time went away, staring at the screen, and now, of course, we have lots of screens, but yeah. But eventually, by 1980, when I was 23 years old, I quit cold turkey. I got rid of all the TVs from my apartment. I had a lot of them because I was a geek. I'd bring them home and fix them, and there were people throwing away, and I'd bring them home and fix them. I got rid of all of them, and that was the beginning of a long, long process of learning to live a life I love, and I eventually did learn to live a life I really love, and it was a lot of work. And I learned to, I had time, I could do things that I actually enjoyed, things that I loved, I became really good at it. There's that sign downstairs about spending 10,000 hours at any skill to become a master.   So I was a consultant for about 15 years, but, and that all happened from getting rid of TV. That was a huge, huge step for me, getting rid of that horrible force from my life, but by 1993, TVs, I started noticing we're popping up everywhere in public places, everywhere, everywhere. This horrible force that I got rid of in my life was invading my consciousness again, marketing at me, filling my mind like TV does with stories that aren't there for my benefit or any of our benefit.  So I don't expose myself to that shit, but in 93, they were all over in public places, like who wants to watch Dr. Phil when you're trying to eat lunch with friends or Gilligan's Island's reruns or whatever that fucker in the White House. So anyways, that was 93, and then I had this great idea to, I couldn't get rid of the TVs, but I could invent a key chain that would turn off TVs in public places, and I knew exactly how to do it, and that was in 93, but like so much it takes time, a lot of time to actually implement a project. So time went by 10 years in fact, and pressure was building and friends would kept telling me, what are you gonna do this? When are you gonna do this? So there was all this pressure. Finally, I had to quit work because I didn't have enough time to do things I really, really, really wanted to do. So I quit work after saving up enough money to work on things, including TV Be Gone, and I worked on TV Be Gone, and it took a year and a half. I thought it would take like maybe a few weeks to three months. Things always take longer, but by 2004 I had TV Be Gone prototype working, and I was going all over San Francisco where I lived turning TVs off in public places and really, really loving it, and I made ones for all my friends who were helping me with it and encouraging me, and we were all going around, and all of my friends' friends were excited about it, and those people even told their friends, and they told their friends, and it seemed like there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off in public places, and like knew. So I'm like, one of the things I learned while consulting with companies was how to manufacture things. So I thought this might be an opportunity I'll manufacture as many as I can afford, and maybe I can sell them, and I did some math, if I could sell 5,000 to 20,000 I could afford to make, then I would break even. And if I could sell any more, that would be profit, and even if it took five years or 10 years, whatever, I would make a profit and there would be all these people going around turning TVs off, and that would be really cool. And it turned out, though, that I was totally wrong. I didn't sell 5,000 TV beguns in 10 years, not five years, I sold all 20,000 in three weeks. And I've been making living from it ever since. It was an overnight hit, and I got invited to give all these TV appearance for inventing something in terms of TVs off. And I was in New York Times and People Magazine, I don't know if you know People Magazine, if you're not from the U.S., but it's like Hollywood Gossip Magazine, but I'm on People Magazine, it's crazy. And New York Times from the page of the technology section and Fox News, Fox invited me on, and I turned off all of their monitors live, all 40 million people watched. That was cool. So, yeah, anyways, 15 years later, I'm still making living from this project that I just made one for me. And because I'm an inventor, putting things out that are meaningful for me, and if you do that, you put something out that's meaningful to you, if it's meaningful to other people, those are exactly the kind of things that people will hate you to do. And that's capitalism at its best. Of course, there are other problems with capitalism, but that's another topic. So, inventing is sort of boiled down to three simple steps. You see a problem, in this case, like TVs all over in public places, and then you have an idea on how to solve it. You know, it's like a remote control to turn them all off. And then, of course, it's a long process, but you do what you need to do to implement it, and then the thing actually exists in the world as a product that you put out there. So, through the years, I'm inventor, I've invented things for companies as a consultant, and it just so happens that my brother introduced my brother. He's a patent attorney.  My son, the engineer, and my son, the lawyer. And, of course, it's a perfect match because inventors patent things, right? That's what one does, and I never even thought about it really. It just seemed like the thing to do, and that's what all inventors do, and that's what I did. I invented, with the help of my brother, TV Beyond. And I've had a lot of patents. It's just what inventors do. And I really thought about it, and patents are supposed to be for the small inventor to encourage innovation and give the person who invented it a monopoly for a limited period of time so they can put their thing out in the world and profit from it. Unfortunately, even with your brother's patent attorney and you do all the work and under his guidance, or her guidance, it costs a lot of money. It's 30,000 minimum. You have to make it to be useful. It has to be in other countries as well, China and Europe, and translated in all these languages. It cost me $30,000, US dollars. But it was an overnight success, TV Beyond, and it says patent pending on the package. It got me invited to lots and lots of events. I'm an introvert geek, but somehow it turns out that I actually like public speaking. And I got invited to hacker conferences. And at my second hacker conference, which was in Germany by the Chaos Computer Club, their 23rd Chaos Communications Congress, I gave a talk about TV Beyond. They invited me, and there's like 1,200 people or something like that, and they loved it. They gave me a standing ovation. They was like, what do I do with that? And then there's Q and A, and someone asks, kind of angrily, what's this patent thing? Why does it say patent pending, or patent on your packaging? Why are you stifling innovation? What do you mean? A year and a half to do this. It was a year and a half of my life. Of course, I patent it. There's people out there who only care about money. What if they take it and they take this away from me? And then they put it out in the world instead of me. And maybe the patent thing on there prevented people from copying it when it became an overnight hit. And it got me thinking. None of those answers really made sense to me, even though I was saying them. And I went home, and within a few days, I came up with a real answer, which was to make it open source. Open hardware didn't really exist as a public concept back then.  And of course, I knew about open source software, free open source. Sorry, hard mess. But yeah, I made it open source. And it's been open source ever since. And that's been a really important aspect of why Tbegon is successful. If I didn't do that, I would not be making a living from it anymore. The old paradigm is really only for huge corporations and not for individuals like us. The old paradigm is like, this is mine. You can't have it.  Stay away. You don't get any help. This works really well for some small number of huge corporations. They make a lot of money doing this. But everyone else cannot take part in it. This new paradigm is like, look at this cool thing I did. Check it out. It's really cool. If you want to do it, I'll help you with it. Let's put this out and do it. I'm doing this to put it out into the world.  And this makes not like huge bucks like for huge corporations, but it makes people a living. It makes people enough money so they can make enough to do what they do by doing what they do. What do you need more than that? And it encourages much more innovation. People can take your idea, cruise with it. They share whatever back to you. It's great. By 2010, people got together to actually explicitly talk about open hardware. There was an open hardware summit. We came up with a definition of open hardware. And you release everything you need in order to recreate the project. And the only restrictions that are allowed to call it open hardware and use this logo is that you can require that people give you credit, attribution, legal term, and they must share a like. So if they use your thing, derive from it, whatever. Those parts that are derived or what they use for your thing has to be shared with the same license. And then people worked on with Creative Commons and other licenses to have licenses that apply to this. And this is the one that I use all the time. It's called CCBYSA by just like a book is by this author. This is a project by me that's attribution and essay to share a like. So anyone who uses any of my projects, as long as they give me credit and share whatever they do with the same license, it's totally cool. The people I mentioned earlier who took my project and reverse engineered it and used my name and they used my, and I had a student make them stop it. They used my open source. I mean, everything was online. They could have just done that. And I would have been gladly just let them have use of it, but no. Anyways, a way cool thing about open source, open hardware license is that it's absolutely free. It's not $30,000. If you have $30,000 to do whatever you want with, it's way better to do it open source rather than waste the money on a patent. Also, if it's open source, you get lots and lots and lots of help for free from some of the most creative engineers on the planet. So there were all these people who did lots of really interesting things and they shared it with so many people and they shared what they innovated with my ideas back to me. Do that with a proprietary project. This saw all these engineers who did all of this for me for free. Of course, there were a lot of people making TV Be Gone remote controls in all sorts of ways. I didn't get a penny from it because they were doing it on their own, but those people went out and were super enthusiastically sharing it with other people saying, look at this thing, it's a TV Be Gone. I made it like a picture and TV's out and it's like, wow, that's amazing. And then they hear about TV Be Gone and then a lot of those people buy my thing. And then some people made a TV commercial for TV Be Gone. A TV commercial if you have a proprietary project. Those were friends of mine and their family and used to be in a punk rock band. She did the music and yeah, 30 seconds. It actually played on Fox TV.  You get a lot of free will, a free good will, and proprietary projects, that just doesn't happen. But because of all of this, it made TV Be Gone super successful and made just a small company with a few friends. We all still make a living out of it for 15 years. And besides, as people copy it and put it out into the world, they're putting my thing out in the world, the thing I put out in the world is because I wanted out in the world to make people's lives better, to make the world a better place for more people. So like why don't I want people to copy it? Of course I want people to copy it based on proprietary projects.  I want people to spend time, to use time of their life for things that are way more enjoyable. That's why I put it out there and the more people that make my thing, the better. And so for all these reasons, I'm, and who knows what is going to be successful. One thing though with IP law that I think is useful, even though so much of it is broken, is trademark. So TV Be Gone is a name I came up with back in 1993 and just came with the idea of TV Be Gone. And I trademarked it, that's super cheap, super easy. It takes a few minutes, there's a form on the internet, it costs $350 and then the name is yours to use and no one else can use it. They can use my thing, if they want to use my name, then I'll license it and I just do it really, I just want people to do it. So that's not a big deal. But this is part of what protected me in that lawsuit against the guy who reverse engineered my thing and used my name and that I got all those AP emails which I talked about earlier before the official talk. So yeah, trademarking is easy and very useful. I can't really think of any downsides for any project for open sourcing your hardware project except for possibly B2B projects, business to business. Because it really requires a community for it to work and some business to business projects, there might not be a community, just might be people that want to compete and not share in health. Wouldn't there be a line at which the hardware is too complex for the average, let's say, for a community build? So I take my favorite example, it's a cell phone. Will you get a community building versions of your open source cell phone? Yes. I don't think so. Yes, definitely, because it's happening. It's a custom design. Not if you've taken an off the shelf thing from Shenzhen, there are people who already do yes. If you custom build this for your one specific product, probably not. Probably. Except for people. It's actually happening. So cell phone again, but that might just be a, there are a lot of very, very, very complex open source projects and there's no real downside to... But what if you've invested half a million to a million dollars worth of R&D to build it? Then somebody, the competitor in Shenzhen takes that. They're using your R&D that they produce and they're producing at a lower cost than you and now you've lost a lot of sales and you won't recoup your R&D cost because now they're doing it the way. There's a difference. The device is really small and cheap. Your investment is very small. Therefore, you'll get it back very quickly. But if you're a niche product and then someone completes it, but big enough for someone to do that, there must be a line of which it's no longer viable, right? Yeah, that's perhaps debatable. It's worth exploring. But the thing for the open source thing to work with the, you having the trademark for a name is you put it out there as big as possible with your name so people know with your name and then more and more people want the original thing with the high quality. But if someone does go off and do it better and cheaper, then you have time to do something else that's possible. True, but then let's say the money you lost in the R&D. Yeah, well, I think it's really important to not spend $2 million on a project. I know, but some projects are complicated. That's just what it costs. If you want to get into that market. So for example, you talked about this later. So I want to talk about what happens if someone violates your patent or your open source license? So if you have a patent, the only recourse you have if someone infringes on your patent is to hire lawyers and go to court, which takes hundreds of thousands minimum of your money and months of your time. And as a small company, you can't do that. You just can't. That's not a viable option. Only corporations can do that and they do.  If you have an open source license and someone violates your open source license, the only recourse you have is to hire lawyers, go to court, spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on lawyers in the courts, and spend months of your time. That's also not an option. But it's free. Open source licenses are free. And it is possible because you put a lot of goodwill into the world that you can get a lawyer for free to help you. And this has happened. And there have been examples of this prevailing import. Actually, is that no longer the case in the US? You can go to that body that will block imports without going to court. You can just report it and it's going to be a lot cheaper. Yeah, there's some tricks to pull. There's some tricks to pull. Yeah, but that's only if it's, that's only stopping the import. So anyways, there's lots of things that are debatable. But I think it's really a fantastic thing to share. You'll get a lot of benefits from it. And you put your thing out in the world. And you help yourself, other people support you. And it's pretty much a win for everybody. So that's my rant into your time. Here again is my contact info. And I will teach in soldering all day today and tomorrow. If you want to come and learn to solder, I've got two kits available here. This one with the Niki lights, colored cans of colored lights. And then my music's in the Sizer kit. And it's really fun to solder. Anyone can do it. I've done it for people of all ages all over the world. What's the atmosphere like? Two and a half. A very, very geeky little world. And the oldest has been 83. So there's my contact info in the video again.


Yeah, hello all So this video is meant to be an explanatory helper for some of the code that we covered in Golan session 2 I created this because a number of people Seem to struggle a little bit with the binary code and I figured that having this video out there would be just a good idea to also help explain the Example code that sits at the github repo Which you should be seeing as part of this video and is also in the comments so to Get right into it. We're gonna look at a Couple of the binary operators and we're gonna look at bit testing as well and hopefully By the time this video is done I'll have left people with a clearer picture of how all of this works from a more Theoretical perspective rather than simply a code perspective So to jump right in The first thing that we are going to take a look at is the bitwise and operator Basically, if you take two numbers and you and them together The binary that is in those two numbers Will produce the results such that if you're ending a bit that is unset or zero With a bit that is Unset again zero you will get a result of zero if you are ending a bit that is set being one Versus a bit that is unset you will end up with zero again and only if both bits That you are ending together or set will you end up with one so one and one And it together is one zero and one and it together is zero zero and zero and it together is zero as per The following we can see it here quite clearly Where you can see The zeros and it together or zero one and to zero zero One and it to one is one. So that's the bitwise and operator moving on to the bitwise or operator Again, we're looking at this from a bit to bit perspective and with an or If either of the bits is set to one you will get a result of one if If both the bits are zero you'll end up with zero But as I said if either of the bits are one with an or you get one as per the following You can see in this case because we have a Set bit being one in Every single column here other than this first column what we end up with is a Lot of ones and only that first column is zero The next slide that we're going to be moving on to is our exclusive or operator and An exclusive or otherwise known as a door sometimes The result will be one if the input and modifier bits are not equal Otherwise the result is zero So what this means is zero and zero on an exclusive or is going to be zero One and one on an exclusive or will be zero However, if the bits are zero and one or one and zero you will end up with a result of one and this can be seen over here Where we see that zero and zero is zero one and zero is one One and one is zero, etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. So that's your exclusive or operator then we're going to talk a little bit now about shifting bits and What happens when you take a number that is made up of a certain number of bits and you shift it To the right or to the left So in this first representation, we're going to take this row of Binary bits all set at the moment to one and we're going to shift them Going one place to the right First thing that happens is that bit in bit seven gets dropped it gets thrown away Then everything from bits zero through six moves to the right such that the original bit zero Now sits in position one and the original bit six now sits in position seven and where The original start of this was at bit zero is now simply a zero it gets padded on that side of it So that you still end up with an eight bit number Effectively all that is happening here is all those bits are moving off to the right the most right bit gets dropped The most left bit ends up as a zero What this effectively does when you do that is actually have the number in question It acts almost as if you were dividing the number by two Obviously We're not dealing with floats here in this particular example so If you divide an odd number here, it's going to end up rounding down I believe Then we are going to talk about shifting left shifting left Effectively does exactly the same thing Where we are going to move bits one through seven To equate to bits zero Through six, but zero gets dropped as per the following And in this case the most right hand bit gets padded with zero again and we end up With what is there on the screen The next thing to look at Is testing these bits Now a lot of people seem to have issues with this when I was teaching it in the code So let's talk a little bit about this effectively all we are going to be doing here is doing a shift And then an ant So the first thing that we're going to do is take this number Which is currently set as all ones and we're going to say we want to be testing bit four That means that we have to shift this By three bits going to the right So we are shifting off bits seven six and five So that bit four becomes our right hand most bits And bits zero one and two will end up as zero as we pad On the left hand side That can be illustrated As per what you see there on the screen Once we end up with that Remember we're testing bit four and bit four is now in position number seven If we take this number and we do a and on it And we end it with the number one which is The binary equivalent of zero zero zero zero zero zero zero one One is just a single bit that is set As per what's on your screen When we perform that ant because remember an ant takes a zero And a zero and makes it a zero a one and a zero will also end up as zero because only when both bits are set In an and do you end up with one? We will end up with the binary equivalent of one And very simply put when you do this what you will end up with is saying that if Your results On a query like this after the shift and after the and Is one That means that the bit you were testing was set If it's zero the bit that you were testing would not be set Because you would end up if that bit was zero in position seven which was originally position four that you're testing Zero and one when added together would be zero So that's effectively it you're shifting Removing all the other bits back to zero other than the bit that you're testing Then test that against one with an and You end up with one bit was set if you end up with zero it wasn't And really hope that helps you guys And you can post comments or questions in the chat And hopefully We have lots of success with people understanding those videos as we move on to the next session Which um, I'm quite looking forward to Go lang session three Is going to be focusing on functions and all their different types Um, I hope to see all of you guys there. Thanks so much


I am Greg Sauceman, joined today by Tom Vecchio of FanDuel, who's here to break down tonight's NBA slate. What's going on, Tom? I'm doing good. NFL season is ending, NBA is here. We got 10 games. Let's go. Let's get into it, man. I put up 323 FanDuel points last night in FanDuel NBA, and I still didn't cash, so I need help, specifically your help. So let's start building out that lineup. Let's begin in Minnesota where Nasred is $4,500, and there is no Carl Anthony Towns tonight. Yeah, Carlton Towns, he's going to be out for, you know, two to four weeks or so with this wrist injury. And if we look back to last season, we know that Carlton Towns also missed about a month, and looking at that timeframe, we saw that Nasred had a pretty solid 24.3% usage rate, producing 1.13 FanDuel points per minute. That was last season. If we look at this season off to, you know, a three game sample size, we look at these numbers from Nasred, and he's producing about one FanDuel point per minute, 27 minutes and 28 FanDuel points on Sunday in the game against the Lakers. I think we should be seeing much of the same for him. We'd like to see those minutes creep up a little bit, getting towards 30, really getting some nice value off him, but a 227 point over under, going up against the Clippers tonight, everyone's going to say, oh, this is a tougher matchup. The Clippers are not looking super strong on defense to start the year. It's $4,500 for a starter that can produce one FanDuel point per minute. I'll take Nasred tonight. Yeah, Nasred in a really good spot without Carl Anthony Towns in the lineup here for the next two to four weeks. You're going to see Reed's price increase tonight. Let's take advantage here while he's at $4,500. Speaking of taking advantage of injuries, Kevin Loehm's going to be out for a while with a cash drain for the Cavaliers and stepping up is going to be Larry Nance. We saw what he could do earlier this season already. He's priced at just $5,500 small forward for Cleveland and this Cavaliers team is hot and they're playing well with their young backward of Darius Garland and Colin Sexton Larry Nance a key cog as well and priced under $6,000 makes him a good play this evening. Yeah, a couple of key points. They're off to a good start. The Cavs are looking good and we saw Nance get the start in their season opener going for 13, 13 and eight for a total of 53.6 FanDuel points when Kevin Loehm didn't start. This is kind of the same situation as Nasred with Carl Anthony Towns. If we look back to last year when Kevin Loehm didn't play and we saw Larry Nance out there, he had an 18.2% usage rate which is very modest producing 1.01 FanDuel points per minute.  Like you said, their young backcourt is looking good. The matchup versus the Knicks I think is something that they can certainly take advantage of. We have projected for 34 minutes tonight and 33.8 FanDuel points right at that one FanDuel point per minute production and if Kevin Loehm's gonna be out for four, six weeks, whatever it might be Nance isn't gonna stay at $5,500 so I wanna get on board now. Yeah, if Kevin Loehm's gonna be out for a while Larry Nance is gonna be a focal point in this Cavaliers offense like we saw in that first game with all those FanDuel points over 50 of a measure mentioned Tom, Larry Nance in a good spot tonight. How quickly we forget, Tyler Harrow started off this season much higher priced here. Now he's $4,500 for the heat this evening and this just seems like a, price is too low.  Jimmy Butler's listed as doubtful so this is why we wanna be going to Tyler Harrow. I think the drag is also in the mix he's a little bit more expensive and maybe Duncan Robinson but Jimmy Butler has a 25.2% usage rate to start the season. I know it's a small sample size he's only played 51 minutes over their first two games but that's kind of where he was last year and when you're removing that from the offense we're not only looking at the extra touches but also the shot volume which has already been pretty solid for Tyler Harrow in their first two games. He has 14 field go attempts in their two games. We know the potential is scoring a ceiling that he has. Flash that in New Orlando bubble drop in 30, 40 points. So I'm looking back to last season when Hero had a 24.2% usage rate when Jimmy Butler's off the court. So I'm taking Hero, I'm taking the extra shot attempts and again Milwaukee historically a tougher matchup they just gave up 130 points to the Knicks. I'll take Hero tonight. Even though he may be chalky even though Larry Nantz and Nasrede may wind up being chalky they're the right place especially in a cash game they're all really nicely valued and it allows you to spend up on this huge slate. You wanna get some superstars in there all three recommendations from Tom will allow you to do just that. That's gonna do it for us here on the FanDuel Hurry Up. Tom, we appreciate the time. Good luck tonight and this weekend. Same to you. Have a good one. Awesome. Tomorrow for our final edition of the Hurry Up of the Year Megan New-Niesel joins us to give us her top bets for this upcoming weekend. For Tom Beckio, I'm Greg Sussman. Thanks so much for watching. Enjoy the games tonight and we'll see you back here tomorrow for another edition of the FanDuel Hurry Up.


I need everyone to understand that if a politician talks about campaign finance reform, but they add the caveat that we need to get dark money out of politics, then you've got to understand that they're not taking this issue seriously. We need to get all money out of politics, because money and allowing capital into democracy, this destroys democracy. What we're witnessing currently is capitalism eating away at our democracy, and when democracy is at stake, when capitalism has hollowed out our democratic institutions, it's time we take action. And if we don't, it's going to get worse. And hey, here's an example of it getting a lot worse, because guess what? The Koch brothers, notorious right-wing billionaires, they just came out and admitted that they're not just going to be buying off politicians who are Republicans. They're now opening the doors to bankrolling, independence, and Democrats. So as Brian Schwartz of CNBC reports, the political arm of the network funded in part by libertarian billionaire Charles Koch is turning over a new leaf for the upcoming elections and expanding its engagement to include supporting Democrats running for office. In a memo distributed to employees and activists, Emily Seidel, CEO of the Koch-affiliated Americans for Prosperity, said the organization is going into the next round of congressional elections being open to backing Democrats in primary fights as long as they support some of the network's proposed policies. AFP, or AFP Action, the group's super PAC, will be ready to engage in contested U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and state-level primary races, including Republican-Democrat Independent, or otherwise, to support sitting legislators who lead by uniting with others to pass principal policy and get good things done, Seidel said. Historically, the political network has only backed Republicans running for Congress. So imagine the effect that this would have, because they're going after primary fights, right? They're targeting vulnerable Democrats in primary fights. Now, if you're on the progressive left, you are actively trying to help people like Shehid Batar, Makayla Wilkes, Corey Bush, all primary and corporate Democrats. But in the event the Koch brothers stepped in and started donating to corporate Democrats, can you imagine how detrimental that would be to the cause of brand new Congress or justice Democrats? Grassroots candidates would be incapable of competing with right-wing Koch money. It's already difficult to compete with these corporate Democrats who outspend progressives, oftentimes 10 to 1, but if the Koch brothers stepped in, we would have virtually no chance at primarying corporate Democrats. It's already tough, but upsets like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez would become almost impossible if this were to happen. So in response to this, we need Democratic Party leadership to scream at the top of their lungs. We need Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer to denounce this and say any Democrat who accepts money from the Koch brothers network and Americans for prosperity, they're cut off. You're not getting money from the DNC or the DCCC, because that is a bridge too far. We already let you guys do what you want. We already are letting you all slide to the right, but if you take money from the Koch brothers, that delegitimizes the aggregate party and we just can't accept it. So that's what we need Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer to do, because this is really an existential threat to democracy because think about this. If Koch brothers start bankrolling corporate Democrats too, every election will be a victory for them. They win every single election because they have their cronies in office. And if you don't think that money from the Koch brothers is corrosive, look at what it did to Dave Rubin. He worked for the Young Turks. He got his career start on the Young Turks, was seemingly progressive, and then all of a sudden his show teams up with Learn Liberty, which receives a large portion of funding from the Koch brothers and all of a sudden he's espousing these same tired right-wing talking points as all the other right-wing hacks are doing. So you saw what it did to Dave Rubin. Imagine it having that effect on lawmakers in Congress. They're already corrupt, but imagine if Steny Hoyer started taking Koch brother money. He would be indistinguishable from a Republican. Not just moderate Republicans like Susan Collins, but the average Republican, which is a far-right extremist. So this is something that absolutely should not be tolerated. And I really hope that Democratic Party leadership, think of the optics and how this will hurt their image among the Democratic Party base. But will they do that? I doubt it. Well, they condemn this because they are in that leadership position specifically because they are prolific fundraisers. So why would they do anything to jeopardize their fundraising? Look, here's the thing. Be very vigilant. If a Democratic Party lawmaker takes money from a Koch-affiliated network, that person is not your friend. Just because they have a D next to their name doesn't make them your friend. They are your enemy and they are actively fighting against the things that you want implemented.


Soda is number one on the list to stay away from, yes, even diet soda. Now, if you think diet soda is better than regular soda, you're wrong. All of these ingredients in diet soda.  Yes, I'm talking about things like aspartame, sucralose, which is called Splenda. Even now, the zero sodas have esculfane, which is now recognized as just as evil as aspartame and sucralose. So there's no way out of this problem.  Your tongue has no sugar receptors. It has sweetness receptors.  That sugar would go into your bloodstream. It would prompt your pancreas to make insulin and that would handle the sugar.     You've been cheated. I tasted sugar.    Well, that's why it's so dangerous. And we didn't even know back then how bad it was on your microbiome. Now, what are you going to do instead? Well, try one of my fake diet cokes. You know, all you need is San Pellegrino and balsamic vinegar. Try to get the thick balsamic vinegar. It really tastes great. It's absolutely delicious. Amaze your friends at a restaurant. You can even customize it by adding some lemon. Or if it's still too bitter for you, just add a little alulose, which is a true sugar that has no calories that actually feeds friendly bacteria. So it's a win, win, win. So if that vinegar taste or apple cider vinegar and sparkling water is just a little too tart for you, add some alulose. All right, number two on the list to avoid sports drinks. Now, there are some very popular sports drinks out there that you might think are good for you. So next time you see one, I want you to check out the label. These drinks are usually loaded with sugar. And the scary part is that that sugar can be hidden by multiple names. Sucrose, dextrose, fructose, evaporated organic cane syrup. Cane syrup is sugar, folks. And when you evaporate it, that's table sugar. Corn syrup, corn syrup solids, high fructose corn syrup. These are all ways of putting multiple sugars in hiding them throughout the label so that you think that one individual sugar isn't that high, but it's cumulative. Many of these sports drinks have artificial colors and dyes that make them look more appealing. Look out for red number 40 and yellow number six. If you see them on the label, run. Again, even if it's a diet drink, diet sports drink, where it says zero calories or zero sugar, look at the label. If you see a spartame, sucralose or eschelion, run. Now, usually the sports drinks and the energy drinks are right next to each other and they're designed to give you a buzz. Usually they have an incredibly good dose of caffeine. The caffeine may be hidden in other ways other than cola or caffeine. You may see Gorana, you may see other buzzy words, but they're usually wrecking your health. Manufacturers aren't required to show how much caffeine is in their beverages, so they will hide it. Some are very proud of the amount of caffeine, but other ones just hide it under these fruit names or names of cola berries. They can be really dangerous for your heart health. They can cause high blood pressure. So the no calorie energy drinks, that sounds like a winner. They're loaded with these artificial sweeteners. So you're getting a double whammy again. I'm all for sports drinks and electrolyte drinks, but use my favorite. My wife is addicted to it. She's a great athlete. It's a powder called element. Now, element is L, M, and T. There are no additives. There's no artificial sweeteners or flavors, but it still gives you all the properly proportioned electrolytes that you're looking for. And they even have like eight different flavors. There's even a watermelon. I kind of like the salty chocolate myself. Number four worst thing to pick up are fruit smoothies. I've said it before, I'll say it again, give fruit the boot. Fruit is full of sugar and it makes you gain weight. Now it's one thing to eat a whole fruit, but when you throw a piece of fruit or lots of fruit in a fruit smoothie and then whip it up, those sugar molecules, which were bound to fiber are now freed up. So you get a main line of fructose. And remember that many fruits sold at big box stores are sprayed with chemicals like Roundup, like herbicides that you probably absolutely don't want to consume. Be careful of the fruits in fruit smoothies that are sold at these shops. You really don't know where that fruit came from. Are there alternatives? Sure, make a green drink from the plant paradox. Easy to do. If you really want to get those little portable smoothie makers, just throw in a handful of lettuce, a half an avocado, some lemon juice, maybe a handful of spinach leaves, some ice cubes, and you're good to go. Just stay away from these fruit smoothies. Number five, cranberry juice. First of all, cranberries or fruits.  They're full of sugar and they're not healthy for you. I get a kick out of seeing no sugar added cranberry juice or no sugar added orange juice or no sugar added apple juice. If you see the words no sugar added, what that really means to you is there's so much sugar in here already, we didn't have to put anymore in. That's what no sugar added means. Now, it's a common misconception, particularly among women, that cranberry juice is healthy for you, especially for preventing urinary tract infections. Now, the problem is that there is a really good chemical in cranberry juice called D-manos. D-manos is actually very effective. But there isn't enough D-manos in cranberry juice to make that much difference. You can use cranberry extracts or get D-manos capsules and you'll be far better off. And unfortunately, low sugar cranberry juices now get their sweetness from artificial sweeteners. So you're back to square one.  Let me give you one example. That's a real fun one. Ocean spray makes a cranberry juice and it says no sugar or sweetener added. There are 31 grams of sugar in an eight ounce glass of ocean spray cranberry juice. That's seven and a half teaspoons of pure sugar per glass. Coffee with milk or sweeteners. Coffee is fantastic. It's a great source of polyphenols. But if you put milk or other binders in it, you will bind those polyphenols so you won't get any benefits.  That is just a giant sugar bomb that has no health benefit whatsoever. Alternatives, hey, learn to drink coffee black. I had to learn how to do it. My parents drank it black or add alulose if you want a sweeter coffee. I finally weaned my wife off from adding almond milk to her coffee by sneaking every day a little bit of alulose into her coffee. And after about a week, she says, man, this new coffee is fantastic. I don't need any almond milk in it. What are you doing? And I said, I'm putting alulose in it. She's, all right, you know, you've convinced me, let's go for it. Worse comes to worse, add unsweetened coconut milk and just make sure you're looking for unsweetened. Number seven, the hip drink coconut water. Now, this is probably the most popular part of the coconut, but please steer clear of it. It's loaded with sugar. And that's even before manufacturers add more sugar and artificial sweeteners to make it taste better. The alternative, come on, stick to regular water or eat the other parts of the coconut. Coconut meat is actually great for you. And if you've got leftover coconut water, put it in your hair. It's great for hair strength and health. Number eight, vodka. Why vodka has absolutely zero benefits besides the buzz. It has absolutely no polyphenols in it. Now, why is that important? Well, most spirits are merely a way of getting polyphenols into you. So for instance, anything that's aged in wood extracts wood polyphenols. I'm blaming wood polyphenols are really important. There's a polyphenol supplement that I love called Pichnogenol French maritime tree bark. These spirits soak these polyphenols out of the wood. So if you're going to have tequila, get the dark stuff. If you're going to have rum, get the dark stuff, bourbon, scotch, that's extracting polyphenols. Even gin has juniper berries and other herbs that are part of that. But vodka, there is absolutely no benefit. Stay away from them. Red wine is aged in wood. Some white wines like some Chardonnays are aged in wood, but most of the white wines are not aged in wood. The other thing that's a problem with our American system of drinks before dinner, particularly cocktails, is we don't realize that our cells will actually preferably use alcohol for energy production. A lot of times what happens at cocktail hour is you drink vodka, for example, and then you go and eat. So what happens is that you've already met your energy requirements with that vodka.  So what does your body do? It deposits them as fat. Believe me, true Skid Row alcoholics are incredibly skinny. That's quite frankly, they don't eat very much.  Finally, most of us realize that alcohol releases our inhibitions in lots of ways. I don't have to tell you in lots of those ways, but one of the inhibitions it releases is food tastes better. You want more food and you say, oh, what the heck? I normally don't have dessert, but just tonight I'll make an exception. So alcohol in general, buyer beware, act like a European. And if you're going to drink, drink wine during the meal so you don't run into that problem. More amazing episodes just like this one. Watch now. Studies show that three 10 minute sessions of exercise scattered throughout the day offers at least the same and perhaps even more benefit as 30 minutes of continuous exercise.


Everyone knows about SML, or Super Mario Logan. It used to be a YouTube channel for kids back in 2007 to 2013 or so. Ever since recently, his videos have slowly gotten more for mature audiences, even showing gore in some episodes. However, I had gotten a notification for a video that no one else seemed to know about. The experience I had was pretty scarring because of the things I witnessed within the video. It was a few weeks ago, on a Tuesday night. I set an alarm at 9am for the next morning, because I wanted to wake up early, and not sleep in like I usually do. It seemed silly for me, but I wanted to get a head start for the morning hours. The thing is, my alarm actually went off at the middle of the night, about 3am. When I checked my phone, I realized that it wasn't my alarm that woke me up, but a notification for a YouTube video. Specifically, it was from SML. It turns out he said in a Chile vlog that he would be uploading a video that night. He did say he was very excited to see what his fans thought of it. However, this was different. It didn't seem to be a normal SML video. The video itself was titled in the regular SML movie format, but the last word was what freaked me out the most. SML movie, Junior.abi. I suddenly got an urge to click and watch, so I did. When I did, I immediately looked at the timestamp. Only 6 minutes? Obviously it wasn't the shortest SML video, but the video was labeled as an SML movie. I thought nothing of it, as I thought it was probably an error or something. The video started off like normal, with Chef Pp cooking terrible food for Bowser. Bowser Junior then came into the kitchen, and he immediately picked up a knife. Then, the video froze. I got confused. Was this a glitch? I couldn't interact with the video, but I could scroll through the recommended section and the comments, which there were none. That piqued my curiosity, as SML comment sections are not usually blank. I then got an idea to look at the view count. It said 616 views. Maybe, I thought, maybe I was just very early. The YouTube app immediately crashed, so I reopened it. What I saw at first was terrifying. It appeared to be Bowser Junior with long, black tentacles, blank eyes and claws that looked extremely sharp. The image disappeared after about half a second. I went looking for the video in my recommended section, and saw a playlist labeled Favorite Junior Videos. It was clearly by fan, but when I clicked the playlist, all I saw was Junior.abi on the list. It wasn't just that, all 26 of them were that single video. I clicked, and it resumed, where it left off. One thing I noticed was that the frame rate dropped by a lot, about 5 frames per second. It was still on Junior holding the knife, but Chef Pp was clearly moving, doing his routine of cooking for Bowser. Junior still wasn't moving. Then, after a few seconds, it cut to both of Chef Pp's hands lying on the ground, and when the camera panned back up, Chef Pp had a knife right through his chest. Junior was staring at the lifeless body, and after about 15 seconds, he turned to the camera. I checked how much of the video was left, and there was still 3 minutes of the video left. It couldn't have been just Junior looking at the camera for that long. I scanned through the video, checking to see if there was anything else. Something I realized was that Junior was slowly moving toward the camera. When I went to the end and checked for anything else, there was an SNL question. It read, if you ever have a knife, what would you do with it? Then I let go and the video went right back to where it was. YouTube obviously doesn't usually do that. I tried to click off the video because I got extremely creeped out, but my phone wouldn't respond. The video kept going. I was very scared at that point, so I tried not to think about it and try to go to sleep. Eventually, I did. When I woke up that morning, I checked my phone to see any updates on the video. Something I immediately noticed was that both the Chile Vlog and the Junior.avi video were gone. I tried to find any fan reactions, but when I searched for the video, I could only find topics in related to that video. I went to check my notifications, and I saw one that said screenshot captured. I tried to remember if I had screenshoted anything from the video, and I face-blonde, because that would have been a great idea. I tried to look at the preview image, but it appeared to be broken. So, I clicked on the notification and there it was. Junior with long black tentacles and claws. I saved it to my computer to see if there was any meaning, but I can't find one at this moment. The photo creeped me out, and the image haunted me for the rest of the day. I didn't tell anyone about it, because nobody seemed to bring it up. When I went to bed that night, moments before I went to sleep, I saw the silhouette of a bozer Junior plush sitting on my windowsill. It was staring right at me.


In Scotland we have the right to access the outdoors pretty freely actually but sometimes people do that in an irresponsible way when they allow their dog to attack livestock. The farmers field is their factory floor so I have launched a consultation with a proposal for a members bill so that we can strengthen the laws against livestock worrying. So please have your say, take part in my consultation. My name is Emma Harper, I'm an MSP for the South Scotland region.


In 1899, Ernest Rutherford showed the difference between alpha and beta radiation. He found that alpha radiation stopped in paper, but beta radiation was a hundred times more penetrating. In the next year in 1900, Vallard discovered the next type of radiation, gamma radiation. He used a piece of equipment that looked something like this. The radiation that's emitted from the source goes through the collimator. The alpha radiation was stopped in the lead foil, and the other radiation could penetrate through and pass through the magnetic field. He found that there were two different types of radiation coming out of the lead foil. One of them was bent in the magnetic field, and another one went straight ahead. The end result was he separated the three different types of radiation. The alphas were stopped in the lead foil, the betas were bent in the magnetic field, and the new type of radiation, the gammas, went straight ahead and weren't affected by the magnetic field. Now that three different types of radiation had been identified, the race was on to try and prove what these different types of radiation were. In 1900, Beckville measured the mass to charge ratio for beta particles and showed that it was exactly the same as an electron, and hence it was decided that beta particles must be electrons. In 1907, Rutherford and Boyds proved that alpha particles were positively charged helium atoms. Finally, in 1914, Rutherford and Andrade managed to reflect gamma rays off a crystal surface, and this demonstrated that they were actually electromagnetic radiation. After Rutherford had managed to identify that alpha particles were actually helium atoms, he became interested in trying to understand why they didn't travel very far in material and whether it was possible to scatter them off different types of material. He worked with his colleague Geiger and an undergraduate student Marsden, and over 1908 to 1913 he set up an experiment where he scattered alpha particles off a gold foil.


Again, this is part of a series. This is video 7, I believe, on editing the video game DOOM, the first five or so videos. We were editing a source code last week. We started looking into a hex editor to modify strings, which is very easy to do. Now we're going to be looking at actually modifying, you know, in this case, we're going to look at the player's health, which is not just a plain string. So what I need to do is I need to figure out where in the binary file the health is. And this will vary depending on the source code, depending on the compiler, depending on your architecture, where you have 32-bit, 64-bit, if you're running an ARM processor. So when I do this, I just want to point out that I'm going to tell you, you know, we're going to this point in the file, it will most likely be different on your system, but I'm going to show you how to find it if you have the source code. You're probably going to ask at the end of this, well, how do I do this if the source code isn't available? And my answer is it's not something I've ever actually done. Basically I think you use a decompiler and then you find the point in the code and jump to it. But I'm going to show you by creating two different binary files comparing them, which is good things to know how to do, and then finding that point that we're looking for.  I've got a clean install of doom here and I'm going to now, I'm going to move, let's bring this up here, move the binary file we just created, which is called PR boom plus. And we're going to put it in that same folder. We'll call it doom one. We can run that just to have a look. Do one. And it's actually doomed to the game. I'm just calling the file doom one. If I come in here, you can see my default health is 100. We're going to change it to 1000. And doing so it will look like 0 0 0 in the health bar because the last digit will go off if you have more than three. So let's go into the source code and change where that is. We've did this in a previous tutorial. It's in this file. We're going to go to line 62 of the file p enter in dot C in the source folder. And here I'm just going to add a zero. We're going to make that the only change you make because more changes you make is going to make the binary file a lot different. We're looking for something in particular. We're looking for that point. So we don't want to change anything else at this point. So now I'm going to say make. And I'm going to move that that we just created. I'm going to call that doom two. Now if I source doom two and go into the game, you can see it says 0 0 0, which is actually 1000. If someone shoots me, you'll see I'll get 900 something. Shoot me. Thank you. Okay. So now we need to compare the file to find out where the differences are. And there are going to be differences other than the thing we just changed, but not very many. Probably going to get maybe 20 lines of code and there's going to be 20 lines of output from this command when we're all done. I'm just going to copy and paste this. CMP will compare binary files. There we go. We get that right there. And then we can also add a geoc command to that. So let me go ahead and do that. I'm just going to copy and paste it. This all is in the notes in the description of this video. If you click on the notes, hopefully I remember to put there. It'll bring you to a paste spin file that has the notes on this whole video there as well as last week's video. So basically here, we're getting the differences, but we want to see it in hex code. So there we go. We can do that. And now you can see right here, we got a bunch of different stuff, but we have differences. The last two lines are what we're looking for. They're right next to each other. You can see there's the location in the file and 6400 and this one's E803. Let me real quick show you here. If we bring up, I'm going to use Perl to do this, although there's online converters. I'm going to clear the screen. Oh, why did I clear the screen? Let's not clear the screen. Let's go ahead and I'm going to just paste this code here. And actually, that's what I wanted to show you. So we're using Perl and executing. It's telling it to print on pack and we're telling it just look at the notes. I'm not much of a Perl. I just look this up online. But if we do 6400 and hit enter, we get 100. If we change that to E803, we get 1000. There's our difference at these two points. So if we open up HexEdit, which again should be in your repositories, just use app to get to install that if you're on a Debian based system. And we're going to modify the original DOOM file, the DOOM 1 file to have 1000% health just like the DOOM 2 file at start. So we're going to go source DOOM 1 and I'm going to hit F4 and paste in this location. And I actually did that wrong. So let me real quick quit out of that. I paste in this location. If you don't do the geoc part of this, if you just do this first part, if we scroll up, you'll see right here it gives you a different number. So we can use this number, but you can see this value is different. That's why I converted it. So I could put in that value to jump to that spot. Or if I use this one, if I hit F4, you can see F4. You can see it puts 0x saying this is hex code. We'll paste after that. If we use the one without geoc, you would want to erase that. So hit enter. And there we are, 64 and 00. So as we said, if we change that to be, I believe it was E803, according to my notes, I'll hit control X, save that. And now we can run that DOOM 1 file that did have 100% health at the beginning. And now it is also at 1000. So we modified that. Now you might try to figure this out using an online converter. So let me find where I have that. So here's this example. I just googled this. So we want to convert hex to decimal converter is what we want. And if we run our code here again, so we were saying, using our pearl code here, that E803 is 1000. But if you put that in this hex editor, it gives you a much bigger number because you're 59,395. Because what we actually want is 03E8, which is 1000. And you can also write that leading 0 does not need to be there. We'll give you the same thing. I am not advanced enough on this topic to explain why that is. And it threw me off at first when I was trying to do this, that in this binary, it flip-flops those two digits, those two characters. I don't know are those two set of characters. I don't know why. If you know why, definitely comment below. This is not my strong suit. This is just me playing around and sharing what I've learned.   We'll understand it, because sometimes when you understand something really well, sometimes you don't explain it very well to someone who doesn't understand all the basics. So I just wanted to say that and hopefully I'm explaining that well. Now let's look at this a little bit more. So how does hex work? We have values 0 through 15. So there's 16 values all together, 0 through 15, and it goes<PHONE_NUMBER> ABCDEF. So if I was to just put F in here and convert, I get 15. So our code ended in 8. Like that, I'm sorry, our code actually ended in, yeah, so 8 there. So I had 3E8, I think was 1,000. Yes. So if we were to change this to 300, we get 768. Let's actually just put that up here, paste that plus I already see that I've done this from my history, but we'll say that. And then our next character was E. So if I do E0, we get 244. We'll add that in there. And again, if we just did 8, which was our last character, we get 8. And if we add that all up and hit Enter, we get 1,000. So again, the first column, as I started explaining, I don't want to get too much. You can definitely look up how hex works. But the first column, in this case, 8 will go through 16. And then the next column will be a multiplier of that. So if we were to 1,0, we should get 16. And then the last column, 1,00, is valued at 256. So if we change that to 3, it's going to be 3 times 256, which is 768 and so forth and so on. So basically, you multiply the first column, well, the first column is its value. It's up to 6 or 15. The next column, you will be a multiplier of that. So if it's just 1, it'll be 16. So if it's 1, 1, we're going to get 17. And if it's 2, 1, you're going to get 16 times 2, which is 32 plus 1. So we should get 33. Thank you. I'm glad I did that right. And if we do 1, that's 256. So we take 256 plus our 33. 256 plus 33 is 289. So that's just a quick rundown. Definitely look up and read more about hex values. But that's how those numbers work. And for some reason, they're flip-flop in this binary file. So again, I can go in there. Well, let's go here back to this website and say convert. I flipped it from decimal to here. So let's say we wanted the value to be 500. Convert. So it's 0, 1, f, 4, but flip-flopped in our code. So I'm going to pull this off the side. I'm going to go back into our hex editor here. Oh, you know, I need to get that location again. So ctrl X. And I'm not going to be able to scroll up that far. Let's go here. The file is different now. Oh, because the files are the same. I can't remember what that point was in the code. So we'll just, we'll recompile it. I wish I wrote down that point. See, the thing is it's showing the difference in the file and the difference before was those last two lines. Well, I made them the same now. So my comparing is not showing me that point. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to vim this again. And just for this, I'll change this to 100. Save it. Make it. And I'll move that back to one. So doom one, now set back to 100 health. If I run that again, doom one, you can see it's back to 100 health because we recompiled it. So now if I compare the two again, and I can see them right here, the differences, I can come in here and I can say now say ctrl hex bar, hex edit. And I'm going to modify that file f four in this program, paste that that I just copied from that output brings me to here 6400. And I was saying, if we wanted to be 500, it would be F four zero one. Hopefully I'm right on this. F four zero one should be 500. I'll hit ctrl X, Y to save. Now if I run doom one again, and I go in, our health is at 500. So again, in this particular case, we had two binaries to compare to find the differences. And we're going to look that up. So it'll be a little bit different if you only had one by your if you didn't have the source code on actually finding it. But it's good to know how to compare files. I gave you a quick rundown on on hex values. If you're familiar with with a binary, which is values of two powers of two, column one is zero one, then two, then four, then eight. This is, you know, through zero through 15, 16, 256, because it's powers of 16. So if you understand binary, you should understand hex value is basically the same just instead of counting by powers of two, you count by powers of 16. If you understand binary, I recommend looking into that before you look into hex. It's a little bit simpler, because you're just working with powers of two, you know, one, two, four, eight, 16, 32, 64. And these numbers should be looking familiar, 128, because they're what, you know, you work with a lot in computers. I think that's all I wanted to show you for this tutorial. I thank you for watching. And I hope it wasn't too confusing. I hope I explained things well. Again, look at the links in the description of this video. And the one link will bring you to my notes on this that will hopefully explain it all, because it's the notes that I wrote down, that I read from. And I hope that you have a great day. And again, my website's filmsbychrist.com. That's Chris the K. There's a link to that in the description as well. Again, have a great day. Okay, this is an introduction to filmsbychrist.com. I'm Chris. That's Chris the K. That's me right there. My daughter, Ember, and my wife, Jennifer. We pretty much live in the swamps of Florida. I'm a firefighter by day, as well as by night. We work long hours. But that's not why you're here. You're here about the videos I put up on YouTube. These videos are mainly about computers and programming, which means most of my videos look something like this. And if that's what you're interested in, great. If not, that's all right. I do videos on other topics too, such as video editing, special effects, photo editing, 3D design, and music creation.  So I asked that you take the time to go to my Patreon page and look at different levels of rewards you can receive for different levels of backing. There should be a link in the description of this video if you were watching it on YouTube. Otherwise, you can visit patreon.com forward slash metalx1000. And I thank you for your time and your support. Have a great day.


Welcome to this session. Today we want to study Waste Agile Sideband Transmission. The learning outcome of this topic is at the end of this session student will be able to explain the concept of Waste Agile Sideband Transmission. The contents of this topic is first introduction. Video signal is formed modulating components and the rest of the signal. Out of that one first one is modulating components having the very low frequency and it rise to sidebands very close to the carried frequency. Sidebands are difficult to remove by physically releasable filters. Thus it is not possible to fully suppress one complete sideband in the case of television signal. Therefore the low video frequency contains the information of the picture. Completely suppress the lower sideband would result in distortion at this frequencies. This distortion is seen by this eye. It is called as Seamer in the reproduced picture. Therefore only part of the lower sideband is suppressed. Means here you cannot suppress fully lower sideband. You suppress only the few parts of the lower sideband. Because if you suppress the fully lower sideband that type of a filter we cannot be designed or we cannot be offered. Therefore the radiated signal now become as upper sideband and carrier and wastages. This wastages is formed as removal of a lower sideband and which is to be removed that part and remaining that part is called as a wastages part. Therefore now the signal is ready for radiation and transmission. The transmitted signal now contains upper sideband, carrier signal and wastage signal. This pattern of a transmission of the modulated signal is known as wastages sideband or FIC transmission. In the 625 line system which we use in India that is a 625 line system that is a frequency up to 0.75 megahertz in the lower sideband are fully radiated. Therefore the net result become for transmission or whichever radiated signal is normal double side transmission for the lower video frequencies and the main body of the picture information. The main body of the picture information means that it contains the message and the normal double sideband transmission means it contains upper sideband and the lower sideband having the removal part of that one and remaining part. Now recall wait for pause the video for few minutes and think on this question and write down answering your book. Is it possible to terminate the bandwidth of a signal abruptly at the age of the sideband? The answer is no because filter design is difficult, standard filter design is difficult. That's why we cannot bandwidth of a signal abruptly at the age of the sideband. We cannot terminate. Therefore an attenuation slope of 0.5 megahertz will be required. A loss in horizontal detail is occur if attenuation slope were not allowed at any distortion at the higher frequency end then only horizontal loss will happen. Since the high frequency components of the video modulation determines the amount of horizontal details in the picture. Now this figure shows total channel bandwidth using wasteage lower sideband. This figure shows 625 line system of the wasteage sideband. Now wasteage sideband means what we can understand with the help of this diagram. See there are two parts of the upper sideband. This one is upper sideband. One is a lower sideband and now we transport the full upper sideband. No problem and for the wasteages means for the saving the bandwidth we remove the parts of LSB. We cannot remove the full part because that type of a filter we cannot design. That's why we remove the lower part of the LSB. Therefore the total now become as total channel will become as 7 megahertz. Now in the previous lecture we studied the total requirement for that one 11 megahertz. Now we reduce that one up to 7 megahertz. Now this graph is drawn amplitude versus frequency. Now this LSB. Now if you observe this diagram the total channel bandwidth is 7 megahertz. Up to that one the picture carrier is at present 5.5 megahertz and the sound carrier is present at the 0.5 megahertz and the guardband is 0.25 megahertz. In this way the total channel bandwidth requirement is what 7 megahertz and we save 4.25 megahertz in this band space. Now figure one illustrates the saving of band space which results from wasteages sideband transmission. The picture signal is occupy a bandwidth of 6.75 megahertz instead of 11 megahertz. Now the second part is transmission efficiency. The total power that is developed and edited at the transmitter. The total power is equal to carrier power plus the power in the two sideband. Means total power is equal to the summation of carrier power plus the power in the two sideband means upper sideband as well as lower sideband. Therefore the above equation becomes as Pt is equal to that is a total power is equal to PC that is carrier power plus the power in the two sidebands that is in upper sideband power in the upper sideband and the power in the lower sideband. Now put that values of the carrier power and two sideband power that equation one become now as Pt is equal to EC square by 2R plus M square EC square by 8R plus M square EC square by 8R means here this is what carrier power this is what upper sideband this is a lower sideband power. Where EC by root 2 is the RMS value of the sinusoidal carrier view. R is the resistance in which the power is dissipated. The equation 2 can be now simplified as in terms of we simplify that equation to PC. PC means power in carrier then therefore the above equation to become as Pt is equal to PC plus M square by 4 PC plus M square by 4 PC. Now again we simplify this equation then the equation become as Pt is equal to PC in bracket 1 plus M square by 2. Now if we keep the constant the carrier power then the transmitted power Pt is purely depend on this M, M means modulation index. Now as M increases this transmission power increases the maximum value of M is 1 this value of M is range between 0 to 1. Now we suppose if we calculate the maximum transmitted power then the value of M is also what maximum by because the transmitted power is directly proportional to the M and if M is equal to 1 then the power at that time transmitted power is high. From equation 3 PC remains constant but Pt depends on the value of the modulation index M. Total modulating voltage is equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the individual modulating voltage. From the equation 3 at 100 percent modulation M is equal to 1 the transmitted power attains the maximum possible value. Therefore when you put the M is equal to 1 that above equation become as transmitted power maximum is equal to 1.5 PC carrier power where the power contained in the two side band has a maximum value of 50 percent of the carrier power. So the carrier component is redundant. In the transmission when we calculate then 72 percent of the total power that is related in the double side band and full carrier wave in the AM system that is full carrier wave is called as A3 modulation. Now economy can be affected if the carrier power is suppressed and not be transmitted. Suppression of a one side band result in more economy and also house the bandwidth requirement for transmission as compared to A3. SSB single side band is used to save the power and bandwidth in mobile communication system and SSB is used in mainly in the telemetry, radio navigation and military application also. In all the TV systems we use full carrier is radiated and we use wastage and side band transmission is used in for TV transmission. Now complete channel bandwidth. The sound carrier is positioned at the extremity of the full radiated upper side band. The sound carrier is 5.5 megahertz away from the picture carrier. Since it makes for minimum interference between the two signals that's why it always keep away from 5.5 megahertz away from the picture carrier. The frequency spectrum is equal to plus or minus 75 kilowatts. The hard band will require 0.25 megahertz therefore total channel bandwidth for the TV system is 7 megahertz and in the previous lecture we studied the total bandwidth required is when we not using the wastage side band 11.25 megahertz but when we use the wastage side band for the transmission of a television we require only 7 megahertz. Therefore the band space we saved with the help of when we transmit in the wastage side band then 11.25 megahertz minus 7 megahertz equal to 4.25 megahertz. That means we save 4.25 megahertz that much amount we want to save in the for the transmission in the TV signal. Now we take an example here. This example we now studied the example of different countries we use different countries and out of that of the first countries which was India in India we use this signal that we show this CCIR TV channel sideband spectrum and see is the color sub carrier frequency this type of a total channel bandwidth use of in India we use. This graph is drawn amplitude versus the frequency and if you observe this diagram it will start from the zero the picture is start from the zero frequency and it will reach up to the picture information is up to in between 5.5 megahertz and the color sub carrier is in between the 4 to 5 megahertz and this is sound which is present at a 5.5 and south signal sideband we require for in India this is 150 kilohertz therefore total channel width when we use wastage side band requirement is 7 megahertz in the India we use and this is a lower sideband 1.25 megahertz and this is a 1.25 we use lower sideband for in India. Now again for the UK there is again 625 line system for the TV channel standards we use but here total channel bandwidth for the UK is 8 megahertz out of that one 6 megahertz is used for the picture transmission and the color subcarrier is present at 4 to 5 megahertz this upper picture sideband required is 5.5 megahertz 0.75 this megahertz separation here guardband is 0.25 megahertz and this again wastage LSB we require here lower picture sideband is 1.75 megahertz this is a example where we use in UK this is a example we use in America that is 525 line system TV channel standards here again it will shows the diagram amplitude versus the frequency here we use total channel bandwidth is 6 megahertz out of that one 4.5 megahertz is used for the picture and color subcarrier present at the from 0 to 3.58 megahertz and this is a sound carrier is present at 4.5 to 4.75 megahertz and this is sound signal spectrum total is 75 kilohertz is required in America this 0.25 megahertz is used for guardband in this America and the remaining part 0 to 1.25 is required for lower sideband we use this type of pictures in America so in this way we studied the example in India in UK and in America and the requirement of a different bandwidth is for different countries different and we studied with the help of this diagram this sideband spectrum of two adjacent channels of the lower which of band of television section is allocation is shown here this is a one band one channel for and this is a bandwidth channel three these are separated by this guardband and we draw this graph amplitude versus the frequency this is a first band channel and this is second band channel we transmitted one after the other and these two are separated with help of this guardband is shown and requirement of this total channel bandwidth is 7 megahertz including the guardband the references for this topic is thank you


Reduce chargebacks up to 95% how to handle them effectively. You know, last year, this is 2021, last year was 2020. 2020 had some interesting things going on. And I want to tell you about them and I want to tell you how to fix some of these things and chargebacks are part of them. Before I do that, don't forget to hit the subscribe button down there. You got to do that. Don't forget to ring the bell. Turn on all bell notifications so you're notified each and every time I go live or upload a video. So in 2020, get this, sales increased from the previous year, 140%, 140%. Now, why did that happen? Well, because of a lot of brick and mortar businesses weren't getting customers in, they had to turn to going online. And since they turned to going online, it presented a few little problems. Chargebacks are terrible. They sound just like what they are. You get charged back. But the thing is, unlike a refund, you refund money to your customer, your merchant provider actually charges you back. And when they charge you back, that's bad for business. It's bad for them as a merchant. It's bad for you as a company. And that's when the customer actually goes to the credit card company and says, hey, I have a reason to dispute this charge. That really looks bad for your company. You don't want this happening.  You won't be able to sell online. So it's really important that you watch this video to the end because if you don't, it could cost you your business. All right, let's jump right into this. Let me explain to you why this is so important. You can lose your account or you become a high risk merchant. What that means is a high risk merchant has to pay higher and higher fees, transaction fees, percentages. And it can wipe out any profit that you have. So it's super important that we knock chargebacks down. And if you do the things in this video, I would say by a good 95%. If you just do the things that I'm gonna tell you what to do in this video.  Chargebacks, they look at the number of chargebacks you have per 100 transactions. For example, they want you to be 1% or less in chargebacks. What does that mean? That means for every 100 sales that you have, less than one chargeback. Now, we don't have any problem with our survival food company, but I was selling courses on a site called ClickBank and we started having chargebacks. But that was such a convoluted thing. What would happen is somebody would become an affiliate to sell our products. And they were a crooked affiliate. They would then buy the products with their own affiliate link and use a stolen credit card to do that. Get the product, get paid as an affiliate and then disappear. And then we find out later on the credit card was stolen and I get charged back. So I've paid them a fee and I've given up my course and I got my money taken back too. You wanna prevent this stuff. This can be super dangerous. That's why this video is probably one of the most important videos you'll ever watch. Number one, I would say, and this is probably one of the biggest problems, make sure your product descriptions are accurate. Your videos are accurate. If people see one thing on your site and it looks like it's high quality and packaged a certain way and it's a certain color and it's a certain size and then they get it and it doesn't match with what your branding is. It doesn't match with what you've described on your site.  So that's the first thing I'll tell you is make sure your descriptions are extremely accurate. Number two, add clear policies to your website. What are your policies? Well, your policies for refunds. How can they get a refund? Your policies for shipping. Your policies for how long it's gonna take to get to them. All these things are super important. If you make all of this clear upfront, you won't have as many problems. You'll have happy customers and you won't get as many charge backs. Number three is customize your statement descriptor. Now what is that? When somebody buys something from your site on their credit card statement, they're gonna see the name of your business. If you have started a business that's ABC marketing and you're selling T-shirts from T-shirts or us websites and they see ABC marketing, they may not know who that is and when they don't know who it is, they're gonna call their credit card company and say, hey, I've got a false charge on my statement. So make sure whatever pops up on their statement matches what you're selling. That's super important. Number four, analyze the sales you have. Analyze the sales you have. If a sale looks fraudulent, you need to check into it before you ship it out. I see this happen a lot where people will get all excited like, oh man, I just sold $3,000 to this customer and my normal sale is 300. Why did that person buy $3,000 worth then? That could be that you are gonna be shipping into a scammer and later on, you're gonna get charged back. So anytime a sale looks out of the ordinary, odd, it's a whole lot higher than your normal sale. That's something you wanna check out before you ship it out to the customer. You'll wanna verify phone numbers and addresses and all that kind of stuff. If you can't do that, I would not recommend you going through with a sale, just refunding it and forgetting it. Number five is respond to refunds quickly. What do I mean by refunds?  So it's really important that you respond to refunds. If somebody wants a refund, let's say on one of my courses or some of my food that I sell, I'm gonna respond to them quickly because I wanna find out why. You know, why do you wanna refund? What is the issue? What is the problem? Let them know what your refund policy is. So maybe, you know, they took a course of yours and your refund policy is 30 days after you've been through the course. And we have some refund policies like that. And they say, well, I've had this course for two days and it's no good. Well, we can go into Cartree and I recommend Cartree if you're doing any digital marketing. Look for the link below. You can watch a video on it. But we can look and see did they go through the course because our requirement is that you go through the course and if you go through the course, you don't get the results and 30 days will refund you. So respond to them and let them know what the refund policy is. Some people may not know what the refund policy is. And if you don't respond to them quickly, if they don't hear back from you quickly, they're gonna go to the credit card company and you're getting a charge back. The next thing is make sure that you're easy to get in touch with. That's super important. If it's very hard to get in touch with you, if they can't call you, if they can't email you, if you don't have a help desk and we have all these things, you know, you can call us, you can email us, we have a help desk on each page where they can just click and ask a question. And that way it's easy for them to get a hold of us. And a lot of times that there's a problem and you handle it quickly, they don't wanna refund anymore. You know, once they understand what's going on, but it is super important that you respond to them quickly because if you don't, what they're gonna do is contact their credit card company and you're getting a charge back. Now, let's take a look at why charge backs actually happen. One of the reasons is fraud. Somebody has gotten a stolen credit card and they're buying products from you. That's a hard one to prevent. I know when we had issues at ClickBank with affiliates doing that, where they were a fake affiliate, they were just trying to make money off the affiliate money. What we did is you had to become whitelisted to become an affiliate for our product because that way we knew who you were. They had to fill out forms and give information and give their website and all this. So that was how we prevented that. But, you know, actual fraud on your site, it's very, very hard to do, do the best you can on that. And the flip side of that is maybe they're just trying to rip you off, okay? Maybe some people are just trying to get your product and they're not paid for it. And if that's the case, you'll want to dispute that charge back and show all your documentation for the sales and that you've fulfilled it. The next thing is the service or product was not provided to the customer. Maybe it's your fault, okay? Maybe you promised people certain things and they never got it. And if you're promising more than what you're delivering, you're gonna have a problem. In e-commerce, in any business, you always want to over-deliver and under-promise. So make sure that you're not telling people something that they're not actually getting. Let's say you sell a subscription but you don't tell them it's a subscription and you're charging them $59 a month and they think it's a one-time $59 and then you charge them the next month and they dispute it because they say they didn't know it was a subscription. Make sure it's clear when you sell that person that it is a subscription that they're gonna be paying on a monthly basis. That is one of the biggest reasons I see for charge backs is people really didn't understand what they were getting or the company didn't provide what they said they were gonna provide. The next thing is poor quality products. Maybe you're selling drop shipping products and they aren't the quality that they should be. I see a lot of e-commerce stores have this issue where they will do drop shipping. Maybe it's through AliExpress and they're describing this wonderful product and when the product gets to the customer, it's just junk. Make sure if you're selling a product that you've held it in your hands, okay? You've touched it, you felt it, you knew what it was. By doing so, you're gonna know it's a good product. Make sure that you're selling good quality products. Why sell junk? A lot of people sell junk because they think, well, it's cheap and I can make a lot of money on it. But the thing is, if you have a high chargeback rate, if you have a high refund rate, you haven't gained anything at all. So you don't wanna do that. You wanna make sure they get a quality product and it is as described. And in the end, if you get a chargeback and you feel like it was unjust, you need to dispute the chargeback. This is super important that you do this. You don't want chargebacks on your merchant account. Not a good thing, okay? So you don't wanna do that. And this is true also on PayPal. Respond to things in PayPal. In this video, it's not technically about PayPal, but PayPal is how some people pay nowadays. And if somebody disputes something on PayPal, you need to answer immediately. You need to have all your documentation. You need to show when the sale was made, the proof of the sale, any requirements, any policies that your website has about that particular product. Provide all this to the merchant so that they can see that the sale was valid. If you can provide all this, oftentimes you can get that chargeback reversed.  So if you feel like you're in the right, make sure that you dispute the chargeback. Bottom line, I would say most chargebacks fall in one of two categories. It's fraud. And the other category is lack of response of the merchant. If you respond to people when they're upset, they have a problem. They didn't get something shipped on time or it came late or it was broken or whatever. Take care of your customer, take care of them. If we have something that goes out to a customer and it gets damaged, we just ship them out another one. And you say, well, J.R., I'll lose money on that sale. Yeah, you may lose money on that sale, but would you rather lose money on that one sale? Or would you rather have your rates increase and lose money on every sale from that point forward? So the best thing I would tell you is just take care of your customers, be very responsive, make sure you answer them in a timely manner. And timely to me is that day, if I see it, but no less than 24 hours. And even on the weekends, that's right.  That's not true. You have to get involved every single day. You gotta stay on top of this stuff. And if you're not gonna personally stay on top of it, make sure somebody in your company does. Make your customers happy. That's the 100% goal for you is make your customers happy. If you have happy customers, I would doubt that you're ever gonna have many chargebacks. If you're presenting to your customer the truth, they're getting something of quality delivered to them whether it be physical or digital. I think you won't have very many chargebacks. I hope this video helped you out. I hope you see some of the steps that you need to go through. I think it's super important to keep your chargebacks low. We've had the same merchant account now for 11 years and we've never had problems. And that also tells somebody else if I go to apply for another merchant account, oh, I've had this one for 11 years and I've done millions of dollars through this account, I should have no problem getting another account if I needed. So I just wanted to share that with you guys. I hope this helps you out. If you feel like it was useful, do me a favor, give me a thumbs up. Put a comment below. Have you had chargebacks? What have you done to reduce your chargebacks? Are you still getting them? Maybe I can help you out. Put a comment below. If you have some success or failures, I like to hear about it. Don't forget to subscribe also. Don't forget to ring the bell. Turn on all bell notifications so that you're notified each and every time I do a video or I go live. And I also have a $97 course below. You can get it absolutely free. Just click the link and learn. No credit card required. Thank you so much for watching this video. I really appreciate it and I'll see you in the next video. Hey, thanks for watching my video. Don't forget to subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right there so you can be notified every time I do a new video. Also, click on one of those videos there. Keep watching on my channel.


What's good y'all Chris from jasseskatespace.com doing 2023 tops chrome jumbo pack random team number three given away Our last nine spots in the hit parade baseball. We're still selling the last five spots straight up also Let's start right now jasseskatespace.com. So at the end we're giving away nine spots But to start us off. We're gonna give away six free spots in this pack So we'll randomize top six on this list. We'll get those free spots We'll grab our fresh dice and are now full list after that all 30 spots with all 30 teams and at the end We'll randomize those 31 more time Get away the last nine spots but first the free spots. Good luck y'all six and one seven times one two three four five and six Excuse me and seven seven times top six Kevin Eric Nicole Matt Eric and Brandon. So Eric K and Eric see both getting in We are full list now. You see the arrow next to your name In your name arrow next to your name means you won the spot For free now you got our 30 spots and our 30 teams Let's roll this dice and randomize for the pack six and five 11 times one two three four five six seven eight nine ten and eleven 11th and final time Kenny down to mark and then for the teams one two three four five six seven eight nine Ten and eleven and leavens and final time Giants down to Dodgers So just a pack filler no trade window for this one But if you'd like to see how everything shook out I'll let you pause for a moment to our printing section right here So pack three Eric with the D backs all the way down to Tana with the nation's All right, but let's print Let's switch screens our jumbo pack Just came right there Let's grab our sheet not all cart ship on this one Just rookies and inserts of course any hits as well any parallels any autos maybe even a patch You never know Eric with the D backs all the way down To Tana with the man. Sorry chill Thanks again. Good luck enough this Was nice possibly Rather green rookie in there looky bets. We do have an auto so we'll go from the back Just John Gray Aaron judge hides our auto Buddy Kennedy So the D backs and The buddy the buddy Kennedy still gonna go to Eric got the D backs. Oh No once I was down All right, let's switch screens one more time. Let's get to the real fun stuff here Let's grab our names from Eric down to Tana our last fresh dice The last fresh list remember nine spots so top nine get in good luck y'all Thanks again for giving me the shot We got five more full spots on the site right now four and four eight times Good luck one two three four five six seven and eight eighth and final time so nine to thirty Sad times thanks again for giving it a shot though gonna be Eric K Down to Eric see what that free spot, but congrats to mark Matt Arnold with a free spot Kevin Eric K does get a nice man. Good to see you in here Eric again Eric again Matt Arnold and Nicole your top nine You're right here when you see TC J3 next to your name means you won that From the filler good luck to y'all getting in Thanks everyone again for giving it a shot. We'll be back with more soon. Justice case breaks calm. Bye


The study aims to capture one process of shaping and implementing innovations to advance the timeliness and patient-centeredness of cardiovascular care. Key implementation concepts were apparent, including implementation strategies, champions and iterative trialing, and the implementation outcomes of acceptability, sustainment and scale-up. Findings may inform subsequent collaborations between innovators and translational researchers. This article was authored by Enola K. Proctor, Virginia Omike, M. Ray Toka, and others.