Section 25 of the American Book of the Dog. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Tom Mack, Tucson, Arizona. The American Book of the Dog. G.O. Shields Editor. Section 25, The Bull Terrier by Frank F. Doyle. Generally speaking, the bull terrier is the result, as the term indicates, of a cross between a bulldog and a terrier. The specimens first used in propagating it are believed to have been of the old type of bulldog and the white terrier of the Middle Counties of England. Since its origin, however, various side crosses have been resorted to, as with the Mastiff, the Foxhound, Greyhound, etc. The breed is not believed to be an old one. The earliest authentic records we have of it dating back only to about 1843, though it doubtless originated some years earlier. The bull terrier is essentially a fighting dog that was not always made up of these two constituent parts, as hound, pointer, greyhound, and Mastiff blood have at times been introduced into his veins, but without materially improving the breed. Whether considered from a genealogical point of view, or with reference only to his bodily formation and general character, he is as smartly built as a terrier, but with substance inherited from the bulldog. He is quick and clever in his actions and possesses the courage, resolution, and endurance of the bulldog. He is naturally inclined to be good-tempered and amiable with his associates in the kennel, yet he is possessed of a wonderful amount of courage and when provoked anger will hold his own in the most approved style. Always with a bright expression, he never sulks when punished if his training has been of the proper sort. Vero Shaw tersely indicates the character of the breed in these words, treat him kindly, don't knock him about, and no dog will have greater love for his master than the game, handsome, and affectionate bull terrier. By nature, he is especially fitted for a companion for either a gentleman, a lady, or a children, while as a house dog he has no superior, for besides being kind and affectionate to children, he is an excellent watchdog and an expert ratter. In breeding the bull terrier to the best possible advantage, care should be taken in selecting the sire, which should be a dog of strong terrier character. In nearly every litter, there are some puppies that are marked either with brown, brindle, or black. Most breeders destroy these, which I think is entirely wrong. For often in this way we lose some of our best specimens. Although Mark I. Victor took his name from the brindle patch around his eye, he won numerous prizes and was undoubtedly the best dog of his day. Champion Trentham Dutch, winner and sire of winners, has a marked ear. This dog was bred by Mr. J. R. Pratt of Stoke-upon-Trent, England, whose name will be handed down among the bull terrier fanciers the world over as the breeder of the greatest litter of bull terriers ever known. This litter was by Dutch, out of champion Maggie May. In the litter was champion Queen of the May, harvester and champion Trentham Dutch. Mr. Pratt retained the two former, which were pure white, and sold the marked dog for $7.50. The purchaser sold him again to Mr. Simon Fielding, the well-known bull terrier fancier, who kept him and had the satisfaction of beating the other two. While in England I would have bought Trentham Dutch, but I was influenced by a disciple of another school not to do so, which I have always regretted, as he has proved himself a worthy sire. The prize-winning strain in the breed of bull terriers assumes the same regularity as in the case of celebrated horses. Maggie May, whom I imported in 1886, supplied the show bench in England for several years with winners. Although at the time I bought her she was over 8 years old, I gave 50 pounds for her. She was supposed to be in welp to Dutch, but did not prove to be. At the Jubilee show in 1887, I met Mr. J. R. Pratt, from whom I purchased her, and in speaking of bull terriers he said, If Maggie May will breed, you will have the best bull terrier in the world. Before leaving America I had bred her to Grand Duke, and his remark made me suspicious of her condition. I immediately cabled to America and found my relief that she was in welp. This litter produced three bitches and one dog. Shortly after birth the dog died, but of the three bitches I sold one, who has since died. The two I retained are well known winners, Starlight, the subject of our illustration, and My Queen. Starlight had been bred three times and is the dam of Don Pedro, who has won second in open and first in puppy class at Toledo in 1889, and first in open and first in puppy class at Toronto in the same year. When only 9 months old sensation, the sire of Don Pedro, was a 20 pound dog. Don Pedro weighed 53 pounds at one year of age. I merely mentioned this instance to show that one cannot breed for size with certainty, as small dogs are liable to get large ones and vice versa. I next bred her to Hanks and have two six month old puppies, the best I ever saw, and if nothing unforeseen happens, they will do themselves and their progenitors great credit. In the rapid advances of show dogs to popularity, few breeds have made the great strides that the bull terrier has. This advance has undoubtedly been brought about largely by the importation into this country of some of the finest specimens obtainable in England. Among the most prominent dogs of this breed that have been imported to this country, I would mention the following, Grand Duke and Little Maggie, owned by Messers R and W Livingston, Dutch Junior, owned by T.R. Verich, Champion Victoria, owned by E.S. Porter, Champion Cairo, Grabber, Bonnie Princes, Enterprise and Spotless Prince, owned by WF Hobby, Champion Jubilee, owned by WF Comstock, Champion Count, Champion Maggie May, Lady in White, Lady Tarquin, Little Dorot, The Earl, King Patrick, Queen Bendigo, Hinks, Lady Melville and Bendigo, owned by the writer. Anyone at all familiar with bull terriers in England or America will readily see that this breed of dog has good backing, as it takes a great amount of time, patience and money to import, breed and show them. The late Mr. James Hinks of Birmingham, England will long be remembered as one who did more than any other individual to improve the bull terrier. And many of our best specimens bear testimony to that fact as they date to his strain. Since Mr. Hinks' death, his son Frederick has brought out more good bull terriers than anyone else. Most all of the leading breeders have dipped deeply into Hinks' old Victor strain. Of the more modern strains, the Marquis and Dutch are the most prominent. The former gets the shorter body and better tails, while the latter gets better eyes and longer heads. But the dogs have not the terrier character of the Marquis strain. Many who own bull terriers and find the name of Dutch in their pedigree think, no doubt, that he was a great winner. Such was not the case, I can assure them, as I had the pleasure of seeing Dutch in Birmingham, England during the summer of 1887. When Dutch was a mere puppy, he was sent out to keep. And the man who had charge of him was fond of telling the elder Mr. Hinks how well he was getting on, and particularly of his wonderful chest development. When about nine months old he was brought in and was found to be completely ruined for the show bench, as he had been kept on a chain for so long a time that he was so far out at the elbows in front and behind as to be declared deformed. Having been ruined for the show bench he was put at stud and made a name greater than any prize winner. While speaking of stud dogs, I may say that my stud dog Bendigo would not rank high as a show dog being too much out at the elbows, but his record as a sire of prize winners bids fair to eclipse Dutches. In this fact it will be seen that a dog in order to get winners need not necessarily himself be a winner. Many people are prejudiced against bull terriers on account of their alleged temper, but I have owned in the neighborhood of 100 of these dogs in the past six years and while I acknowledge that there is some foundation for this prejudice, still I unhesitatingly affirm that it is greatly exaggerated if properly brought up the bull terrier has more affection for his master than any other dog. The bull terrier is at a greater disadvantage when shown out of condition than any other dog and the following points in regard to putting specimens of this breed in proper condition gleaned from my own experience should be of great service to the novice. It usually takes at least six weeks to put a dog of this breed into good form and to do it in that time the dog must be physically well at the start. The first thing to do is to give him a dose of opening medicine. Syrup of buckthorn and castor oil are my preference and should be given the last thing at night. The dog's food for a day or two should consist of oatmeal and gruel and a little meat should be given gentle exercise. After that the work begins in earnest. His exercise should be gradually increased from a slow walk of from two to five miles in the morning and the same distance should be given him in the afternoon. After returning from an exercise he should be thoroughly dried with a coarse towel then well groomed with a hair glove which in my estimation is the best method of grooming. After this the dog should be given a good hand rubbing. All grooming should be done one way running with the hair. The dog should then be put in a kennel supplied with clean straw which should be changed daily. As the exercise is increased the meat portion of the food should also be increased. One Sprats Biscuit given dry for breakfast and meat and vegetables for supper with plenty of the former are in my opinion the best diet. The washing of a bull terrier for exhibition is an important matter and the following is my method. First, remove the long smellers, eyelashes and all of the hair inside of the ear. This will sharpen his appearance wonderfully.  The dog should be well lathered with white castile soap and then rinsed with clean water. Afterward repeat the operation on all parts of his body leaving the tail till last. After the bath he should be well dried with plenty of clean towels and then a thorough hand rubbing should be given him. He should then be returned to his kennel of clean straw and kept there for several hours. The illustration on page 427 is of the well known bull terrier bitch Starlight, bred by the writer without doubt the best specimen ever bred in America. In the opinion of Mr. Charles H. Mason she is fit to win at any show. She was whelped July 28 1887 is by champion Grand Duke out of champion Maggie May who was called in England the pillar of the National Club stud book. Starlight is the winner of the following prizes. First puppy class Boston 1888 First in both open and puppy class New Haven 1888 First Troy 1889 First Toledo 1889 First and Special Toronto 1889 First and Special Danbury 1889 Below will be found the points of the bull terrier adopted by the bull terrier club of England. General appearance The general appearance of the bull terrier is that of a symmetrical animal an embodiment of agility grace, elegance, and determination. Head The head should be long, flat and wide between the ears tapering to the nose without cheek muscles.  The jaws should be long and very powerful with a large black nose and open nostrils eyes small and very black The lips should meet as tightly as possible without a fold The teeth should be regular in shape and should meet exactly Any deviation such as a pig jaw or being under hung is a great fault. Ears The ears are always cropped for the show bench should be done scientifically and according to fashion. Neck The neck should be long and slightly arched nicely set into the shoulders tapering to the head without any loose skin as found in the bulldog Shoulders Should be strong, muscular, and slanting the chest wide and deep with ribs well rounded Back Short and muscular but not out of proportion to the general contour of the animal. Legs The forelegs should be perfectly straight with well developed muscles not out at the shoulder but set on the racing lines and very strong at the the hind legs are long and in proportion to the forelegs muscular with good strong straight hocks well let down near the ground The feet are not those resembling a cat or the greyhound but more after the style of the hair compact with well arched toes color white coat short close and stiff to the touch with a fine gloss tail this should be from 10 to 12 inches long according to the size of the dog set on very low down thick where it joins the body and tapering to a fine point it should be carried at an angle of about 45 degrees without curl and never over the back weight from 15 to 50 pounds end of section 25 recording by Tom Mack Tucson, Arizona Section 26 of the American Book of the Dog This is a LibriVox recording All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain For more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org Recording by Hailey McArdle The American Book of the Dog Geo Shields Editor Section 26 The White English Terrier by E. F. Burns This is an old breed and a very popular one in England but is as yet little known in this country It is destined to become more widely distributed and more popular here however for its bright merry, sprightly affectionate disposition its elegant and symmetrical shape its undaunted courage its brilliant white coat its sparkling black eye and its generally handsome appearance are such as to commend it to everyone who may want a small dog for the house or for a companion It is fond of human society either of children or adults and is never more highly delighted than when petted by master or mistress young or old The White Terrier while by no means quarrelsome is game from the tip of his nose to the end of his tail He will brook no intrusion on his domain and will assail a dog five times his own size as savagely and as confidently as he would a rat if the stranger but approach his master or mistress He has an excellent nose as the natural enemy of vermin and no dog is more eager in its pursuit more successful in exterminating it It is as utterly impossible for a rat to live on the premises where a white terrier is kept as for water to run upstream This breed differs from the black and tan terrier principally in the matter of colour in many other respects the two breeds are nearly identical Concerning the status of the white terrier in England Ed Stone says The English smooth coated terrier is a dog seldom seen except in the position of dog traders and fanciers as they call themselves being bred for show more than for use 10 or 12 years ago it was at most of our dog shows and the breed commanded considerable attention especially when the dog had plenty of courage and intelligence but this was the exception As a rule the show terrier is not a hardy nor a courageous dog Most of his life has been passed in a highly varnished mahogany kennel by a bar parlor fire or in the arms of some opulent or quasi opulent dog breeder whose chief vocation is to show his stud of terriers for cups and collars 25 years ago the coloured or partly coloured dog fellow or even brindled or with head and body markings would have had a chance of a prize at these public house meetings but since the exhibition of dogs has been a prominent feature in the fashion and amusement of large cities the dog has been so cultivated that white dogs only are admissible I have little doubt that these London and Manchester terriers were the pick of what are now commonly received as fox terriers purchased up and down the country by those agents who have a roving commission to snap up anything which they can find which is neat and sellable These smart country terriers were collected in London by the keen-eyed fancy and from these the white terrier was gradually produced None of these breeders can trace their breed for many years and all the best white dogs were the sons of one known in London as King Dick He was succeeded by his son known as Young King Dick but neither of these dogs so far as I remember were equal to some dogs exhibited in 1863 by Frederick White of Crescent Lane, Clapham Common named Fly, Laddie, Nettle and Teddy 20 dogs were entered in the class but Mr Whites were the only specimens which had any business there Birmingham alone produces a good class in a general way and the rarity of the best sort may be inferred from the fact that the same dogs one year after year without fearing rivalry This is the case with Mr Walker's Tim which has won 56 first prizes and champion cups The weight of the white terrier may vary from 9 to 20 pounds The description and points for judging are as follows Head, value of 10 Legs, 5 Feet, 5 Body, 5 Colour, 10 General appearance 10 Action, 5 Total, value of 50 Head, narrow Long and flat Skull narrow between the ears Muzzle must be fine tapering, sharp and foxy Jaw muscular Mouth must not be under shot Better the upper jaw slightly over if there is any deviation from a level mouth The stop or indent between the eyes must be evident and pronounced Eye must be sparkling bright but not large The ears must be round flat to the head In repose, raised, although falling over when the dog is aroused A tulip or prick ear is a great deformity and shows mongrel blood It is customary to crop the ears Neck, long, tapering and muscular and clean where it joins the lower jaw Ribs must be well rounded Shoulders deep and well set back Powerful as possible It seems strong and back ribs deep In conformation the body must be neither high nor wide Forelegs should be straight as arrows Hindlegs moderately straight Feet, strong and muscular Toes, slightly arched and well split Form of foot round and fox-like Thigh, large and muscular Hawk in a straight line The tail should be fine at the point and thick at the root with a low carriage but not bare When the dog is excited it should be carried gaily Colour should be white Coat smooth and hard yet free from roughness Temperament, same as in bolteria Anything approaching coarseness of coat about the muzzle, thighs eyebrows or any part of the profile is objectionable Recently some good specimens of the white terrier have been imported from England Several American breeders and fanciers are becoming aware of the good qualities of this dog and are turning their attention to the development of the breed in this country and the white terrier is destined to win his way to popular favour here at no distant day White Prince A.K.C.S.B 733 Volume 7 The property of the writer is one of the best representatives of his breed in this country He was imported in 1888 by Mr. Routley of Providence, R.I. and was bred by Mr. Bergen of Birmingham, England Sire, Turk Dam, Slender Registered in English stud-book End of section 26 Recording by Hailey McArdle Section 27 of the American Book of the Dog This is a LibriVox recording All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org Recording by Colleen McMahon The American Book of the Dog G.O. Shields Editor Section 27 The Yorkshire Terrier by P.H. Coombs This little night of the carpet is eminently an English production or manufacture if we may use the term and occupies a most prominent position in the canine world being considered by many the handsome mist of all long-haired terriers and has been appropriately termed by one writer the little Yorkshire swell Standing out in bold relief from most other toy varieties by his picturesque arrangement of coat his color, his diminutive size and his stylish form and being preeminently the ladies pet he has a reasonable claim to the distinction of being the most fashionable toy breed of the day in this country as well as in England where he originated We are fortunate in being able to quote from various writers relating to the origin of the breed and before committing ourselves to any opinion concerning this important subject it is desirable to read what such writers have learned from their experience and investigation Mr. Biro Shaw in his illustrated book of the dog says on this point the origin of the breed is most obscure for its originators Yorkshire like were discreet enough to hold their own counsel and kept their secrets to themselves whether this reticence on their part has had the effect of stifling the inquiries of curious persons or whether the merits of the breed have hitherto been sufficiently unappreciated by the public we cannot pretend to say but we are aware of no correspondence or particular interest having been taken on the subject of the Yorkshire terriers origin in certain works on the dog however deductions have been drawn which no doubt are more or less worthy of respect the black and tan terrier the sky and the Maltese are all credited with the paternity of the Yorkshire terrier that the breeding question resembles the sky in certain details is evident but in many important points the two varieties vary widely for instance the back of the Yorkshire terrier must be short and the back of a sky terrier long so as regards shape at least the Yorkshire man cannot be accused of a great resemblance to his northern neighbor in our eyes the breed much more closely resembles the Maltese dog save in color but there is no doubt that some of our more typical breeds of terriers have been also drawn upon for his production many persons who are ignorant on doggy subjects persistently confuse the Yorkshire with what they term the scotch terrier thereby meaning the sky we presume there is however no visible ground or reason ever given for their opinions which are certainly based on error at ignorance of the subject before leaving the subject of the Yorkshire terriers origin it may be remarked that the puppies are born in color as are dandy denmonts and do not obtain their proper shade of coat until they are some months old searchers after the truth may here discover some connection which we ourselves confess we do not between the Yorkshire and dandy denmont terriers inconsequence of this peculiarity in the young of both varieties Mr. Hugh dowsiel in his British dogs says of this breed this dog long went by the name of rough scotch terrier and many dog show committees in issuing their schedules still include them under that heading but to call them scotch is quite a misnomer the true scotch terrier being a much rougher shorter and harder coated dog of greater size and hardiness and altogether a rough and tumble vermin dog that the Yorkshire terrier should have been called scotch by those who although they may have the credit of producing this dog probably did not know of the real scotch terrier as a breed suggests that at least a terrier of Scotland has had something to do with his manufacture now among terriers recognized as scotch if not now peculiar to the country we have the old hard short coated scotch terrier par excellence the short legged and mixed coated dandy the skies with long weasel like bodies and long hard coat and the perky little prickier hard and short coated Aberdonian and in addition the Glasgow are paisley sky a more toyish dog shorter in back and comparatively soft and silky in coat which it probably inherits from a Maltese terrier cross my theory then respecting the origin of the Yorkshire terriers and I admit it is only a theory for the most diligent and repeated inquiries on my part in all likely or promising quarters have failed in elucidating reliable facts and none certainly contradictory to my views is that the dog is what gardeners call a sport from some lucky combination of one of the scotch terriers either the genuine sky or paisley toy and one of the old soft and longish coated black and tan English terriers at one time common enough and probably a dash of Maltese blood in it Mr. G. H. Wilkinson says in his article published in the English stockkeeper in 1887 and we shall quote from this quite extensively throughout this chapter for the reason that it contains some valuable information relating to the breed that has not we believe appeared in book form concerning the history as learned by him in commencing an article on the Yorkshire terrier it is necessary to trace back its origin as far as possible with this object in view I have been at some trouble in looking up several old fanciers one of whom John Richardson of Halifax is now in his 67th year and very interesting it was to hear this aged man go back to the good old days of over half a century ago I regret however that although we can find men who have been in the fancy so long the origin of the Yorkshire terrier is somewhat obscure 50 years ago there was in Halifax and the immediate neighborhood a type of dog called at that time and even within these last 20 years a water side terrier a little game dog varying in weight from 6 to 20 pounds mostly about 10 pounds weight a dog resembling very much the present Welsh and Airdale terrier on a small scale at this period these dogs were bred for the purpose of hunting and killing rats they would go into the river and work with a ferret and were just in their element when put into a rat pit and almost daily occurrence at that time was to back them to kill a given number of rats in a given time it seems almost a pity that such a breed should have become extinct Mr Richardson himself owned a little bitch called Polly who weighed 6 pounds and she was frequently put into a rat pit with a dozen rats the whole of which she would speedily kill against time she would also swim the river and hunt with the ferret this little bitch I am told had 4 or 5 inches of coat on each side of her body with a white or silver head at that time however was a shorter coated dog with grizzled gray hardish coat it however seems to me and is also the opinion of many old fanciers whom I have consulted that they were the ancestors for the present breed there is no doubt also that the blood of the sky terrier was introduced at some remote period which may account for the longer coat and long body that existed some 10 or 15 years later no care or definite object however seems to have been aimed at in breeding at this time beyond getting a dog thoroughly game it seems that it was more by good luck than management that about 20 or 30 years ago a longer and softer coated dog became known it must also be born in mind that at this time their coats were not cultivated as they were later on dog shows were almost unknown in those days and even later were scarce from these and other earlier writers we would be led to infer that the origin of this breed was of the greatest uncertainty and of a most mysterious nature that such writers were however highly qualified to offer sound and most valuable opinions on the subject generally is proved by the admirable manner in which they have treated the principal characteristics descriptive of the breed and all specially interested in the breed should read the entire subject as treated by such writers as Shaw Dowseel Wilkinson Bootman Watson and others no doubt much difficulty has been experienced in obtaining information relating to its early history and one opinion as expressed by Shaw seems to be that substantially the history was known but that it was kept a secret it would be manifestly unjust to deprive the Yorkshire Terrier of the title to a pedigree running back to the progenitors of the breed and the continued correspondence on an investigation into the subject by those most deeply interested together with their better acquaintance with old breeders and fanciers a condition undoubtedly brought about through the agency of the improved quality and increased number of dog shows and the intense desire on the part of such people to arrive at an accurate intelligent explanation of the origin of such a popular breed relieves us from adding any further testimony relating to the mystery of the origin of this breed in an interesting article on this breed published in the Century Magazine in 1886 and written by Mr. James Watson of Philadelphia is given about the first public information tending to positively identify its origin to a certain extent at least the writer says some of our authorities have attempted to throw a great deal of mystery about the origin of the Yorkshire Terrier where none really exists if we consider that the mill operatives who originated the breed by careful selection of the best coded small terriers they could find were nearly all ignorant men unaccustomed to imparting information for public use we may see some reason why reliable facts have not been easily attained those early writers show but little knowledge of the possibilities of selection Stonehenge for instance in his early editions speaks of it being impossible for a dog with a 3 inch coat and 7 inch beard to be a descendant of the soft coded scotch terrier without loss of some kind the absurdity of this is seen when we remember that within a few years of the date of his history Yorkshire terriers were shown with 12 inches of coat then again he speaks of the King Charles Spaniel as being employed to give the blue and tan then which a more ridiculous statement could not have been penned to get a blue and tan long straight silky coat breeders were not likely to employ a black and tan dog with a wide chest line around bullet head large protruding eyes and heavy Spaniel ears the idea is too absurd to be entertained for a moment as a raid against all the conjectures of theorists I have in my possession a letter from Mrs. M. A. Foster of Bradford England who in writing of the dog Bradford hero the winner of 97 first prizes says the pedigree of Bradford hero includes all the best dogs for 35 years back and they were all originally bred from Scotch terriers and shown as such until a few years back the name of Yorkshire terrier was given to them on account of their being improved so much in Yorkshire following this and about a year later Mr. Ed Bootman of Halifax England furnished an article on the origin of the breed for publication in the English stockkeeper which that journal feeling the importance of all facts relating to the origin of the breed published following Swiss old crab a cross-bred Scotch terrier Kershaw's kitty a sky and an old English terrier bitch kept by J. Wittem then residing in Hatter's fold Halifax were the progenitors of the present race of Yorkshire terriers these dogs were in the zenith of their fame 40 years ago the owner of old crab was a native of Halifax and a joiner by trade he worked at Oldham for some time then removed to Manchester where he kept a public house whether he got crab at Oldham or Manchester I have not been able to ascertain he had him when in Manchester and from there sent him several times to Halifax on a visit to Kitty the last visit would be about 1850 crab was a dog of about eight or nine pounds weight with a good terrier head and eye but with a long body resembling the Scotch terrier the legs and muzzle only were tanned and the hair on the body would be about three or four inches in length he has stood for years in a case in a room of the Westgate Hotel a public house which his owner kept when he returned to his native town where I believe the dog may be seen today Kitty was a bitch different in type from crab she was a drop-eared sky with plenty of coat of a blue shade but destitute of tan on any part of the body like crab she had no pedigree she was originally stolen from Manchester and sent to a man named Jackson a saddler in Huddersfield who when it became known that a five pound reward was offered in Manchester for her recovery sent her to a person named Harrison then a waiter at the White Swan Hotel Halifax to escape detection and from Harrison she passed into the hands of Mr. Jay Kershaw of Beship Blaze a public house which once stood on the Old North Bridge Halifax prior to 1851 Kitty had six litters all of which I believe were by crab in these six litters she had thirty six puppies twenty eight of which were dogs and served to stock the district with rising sires after 1851 when she passed into the possession of Mr. F. Jagger she had forty four puppies making a total of eighty Mr. Wittem's bitch whose name I cannot get to know was an English terrier with tanned head, ears and legs and a sort of grizzle back she was built on the lines of speed like the others she had no pedigree she was sent when a puppy to the late Bernard Hartley of Allen Gate Halifax by a friend residing in Scotland when Mr. Hartley had got tired of her he gave her to his coachman Mason who in turn gave her to his friend Wittem and Wittem used her years for breeding purposes when this bitch came from Scotland it is believed that the parents were from this district the last named writer has so fully identified the three dogs first employed to manufacture the breed together with their names, ownership, characteristics and other facts concerning them that there can be no doubt as to the authenticity of the history of the origin of the breed his history, although published in the stockkeeper in 1887 has never been publicly contradicted it is evident that there can now be no grounds for following the reasoning of writers who claim that the origin is a mystery the development since that time judging from an examination of the pedigrees of the most prominent dogs of the breed has been the result of judicious selection from and breeding with dogs that most nearly approached what fanciers and breeders thought ought to be the type and it is probable that so long as a dog of this breed was known to be some of the blood of the original old crab Kershaw's kitty and Wittem's bitch the sole progenitors of the breed former breeders did not inquire too curiously into the pedigree of all the dogs used this seems to be a reasonable supposition and should fully account in the case of some prominent dogs for a lack of a complete pedigree running back to the three dogs above named it is a well established fact that the principal strains have been flawlessly guarded by the people in the north of England in noting the development of the breed up to its present standard it may be stated to commence with that it has been principally accomplished by the people mostly operatives in cotton and woollen mills in the counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire England where it originated unfortunately at its first appearance at our shows almost anything in the shape of a terrier having a long coat with some shade or shade of blue on the body fawn or silver more frequently the latter coloured head and legs with tail docked and ears trimmed was received and admired as a Yorkshire terrier by most everyone except the few competent judges and the breed fashionable as it is is still much neglected in this country for the reasons that its care is not so well understood as that of many other breeds and a good specimen soon loses its fine show condition of that regular and well directed care necessary to cultivate and keep the coat looking right dog shows have however had the same effect on this as on other breeds with the annual improvement in quality of the dogs exhibited people have learned more about the points required of a well bred specimen and the worst type of dogs claiming title to the name has almost disappeared from our shows terrier properties should be and are considered by competent judges for although toys they are essentially terriers and called terriers consequently there is no valid reason why they should not be recognized as such more competent judges are also now to be obtained by the managers of our shows although it must not be taken for granted that all acting in this capacity are thoroughly educated or united on the standard as established for the breed to recognize one regular type but it is pleasant to note that much improvement has been made within the past few years in this direction and that the rapid increase in number of typical specimens has served to educate fanciers to a better idea of what the breed ought to be and the Yorkshire terrier classes are now in the majority of instances well represented in point of numbers as well as quality at most of our important shows the Yorkshire like other terriers is naturally remarkable for its sagacity alertness, carriage and eagerness in the pursuit of vermin although many of the small, weak inbred specimens have undoubtedly lost much of the terrier instinct the natural carriage of the breed is such however that it will readily resist attacks from dogs much larger than itself and as a ratter would quickly obey the natural instinct if allowed to do so but wisdom on the part of the owner usually prevents a small valuable dog from enjoying such recreation they are essentially toys and as a rule are most interesting and cunning as companions and house dogs and the large number of ladies and children attracted to their cages wherever they are shown indicates to some extent their popularity all previous writers accept Mr. Bootman state that the color of puppies when born is black and tan but the latter states that mouse color and tan and even newborn are not unfrequently seen blue or mouse colored puppies have also been observed to some extent in my experience and they being bred from the best stock obtainable I can corroborate the statement made by Mr. Bootman we also learn through some of the English fanciers that some of the first prize winners of that country were born blue and tan but it is generally understood that most of the good ones are born black and tan in managing exhibiting Yorkshire Terriers a good and regular amount of exercise is most essential to their general health as to that of any toy dog the means by which the necessary amount of exercise is given must be determined by the owner the condition of the weather having an important bearing upon the question owing to the length of its coat and the absolute necessity of preserving it if one expects to be successful in the show ring a great deal of a dog's appearance depends upon whether or not he be well groomed and this important operation has probably never been practiced with skill and regularity by many exhibitors who on showing their dogs are surprised to find that they compare unfavorably with others as to their coats grooming to be effective must be thorough but it is hard to convince some people of its benefit many appliances are more or less used as aids to the Yorkshire Terriers toilet and perhaps no better description of the process necessary to be employed in the management and care of these terriers coats can be given than that by Mr. G. H. Wilkinson before referred to he says beyond taking care of them and keeping their beds dry and warm very little notice is taken of them till about three or four months old when the hair has got rough and begins to show signs of altering color on the skull and down the center of the back then begins a long and tedious preparation of daily brushing to cultivate a parting in the coat I then slightly grease them all over with the following which I have always used six ounces of Neitzfoot oil six strands of tincture of cantherides six drops of oil of rosemary put into a bottle and always shake well before applying this is certain to make the hair grow one of the main causes why we always keep them greased is to keep the coat straight and free from clots or matting together they are usually washed once a week and greased again the same day I also keep each foot tied up in a small stocking or bag to prevent them from scratching or catching their claws in the coat and dragging it out it is really wonderful the great change and improvement that can be seen each week when washing I use a bit of good plain soap dog soaps as advertised are too strong for their delicate skins after washing they should be well dried with soft towel placed on a stool in front of a good warm fire and afterward carefully combed and brushed I say carefully combed because it is easy to pull off more hair at one time that can be grown again in many weeks and they should always be combed and brushed till every hair is thoroughly free if any small clots are left it will only be so much worse to get out next time this weekly process must be continued through life if one desires to have a dog's coat perfect some dogs grow much more coat than others however and all the care and attention in the world won't make some dogs carry more than a moderate amount it is not advisable to give a small dog of this breed much meat but a small quantity well cooked and cut up mixed with cooked vegetables or bread and gravy may be fed to advantage occasionally their diet should consist mainly of plain food of a farinaceous and not heating quality and while some feed but once a day it is believed to be better to feed them twice care should always be taken not to overfeed the long hair on the head should be carefully tied back on top of the head especially while feeding for if allowed to become dirty it will rot and break at the ends until it is eventually spoiled for their treatment in sickness and disease the general subject by Ashmont contained in another part of the story is that dogs are more likely to be mentally ill than they are mentally ill they require very little medicine however and proper care and nursing will frequently do more good in case of sickness than any other treatment if a laxative is needed there is nothing safer than a teaspoon full of castor oil it is likely that some suffering is endured by puppies in shedding before the permanent set is established the complete possession of the permanent set should occur before they are 9 months old but this is only the rule it is considered necessary by some to extract the milk teeth with instruments as soon as they show signs of loosening but usually it is best to let nature performance work in this respect and lamb or other soft bones may be given at this time a tooth may be extracted with the gum if loose enough but as they are very sensitive about an operation of this kind it is better not to apply the instrument except in a case where a tooth has remained so long as to become refixed and affects the regular and even growth of permanent teeth after the permanent set has been established it is necessary that they be kept clean and white by the same method employed in cleansing human teeth and the mouth should always be clear also avoid giving whole bones if it is desired to keep the permanent set ground or broken bone will do as well and save the annoyance of a missing tooth which some people lacking in experience may regard as a blemish teeth extracted to destroy the evidence of an uneven defective mouth should not deceive an experienced judge but the loss of a tooth or two from accidental causes or even age should not be considered as a fault when quality otherwise really exists the remedies used for preventing and exterminating vermin are numerous and a Yorkshire must be kept absolutely free from such torments or its coat will soon be ruined some of the disinfectants in common use are very effective and convenient for use in exterminating vermin and should be used for keeping the surroundings clean as well as on the dog the practice of docking the tail and cropping the ears of Yorkshire terriers is almost universal and while the former operation is accompanied with very little pain being usually performed at from four to six weeks after birth there are good grounds for questioning the practice of cropping the ears an operation which cannot be performed without pain for even if anesthetics are employed and proper astringents applied to the wound as soon as possible there must necessarily be considerable suffering during the process of healing and while it is generally admitted that an uncropped specimen would stand a small chance of winning under most judges yet it is sincerely hoped that the sentiment against the practice will prevail and that the fashion of cropped dogs will be ultimately abolished in preparing and keeping a Yorkshire terrier in condition for exhibiting considerable skill is necessary that it may be properly presented in the show ring no breed of dogs owes more to condition for show purposes than the Yorkshire and a dog of this variety exhibited in bad order or unskillfully brushed when presented to the judge has a good chance of being beaten by an inferior dog in good hands where they are kept exclusively for the house of course less care is required but the coat should be kept free and well brushed at all times it is quite an undertaking to breed a Yorkshire combining the proper color texture of coat and correct terrier type and no amount of care or attention on the part of the owner can turn a badly bred ill-formed specimen into a good one owing to the fact that the female like that of other animals is quite as important an element in breeding as the male it is necessary to be as careful in selecting the dam as the sire a faulty specimen of either sex should be avoided for breeding purposes the theory some people hold that the breeding of a bitch possessing certain faults to a dog that is less faulty where the bitch fails but possesses opposite ones is likely to result in the production of a litter of world beaters is simply but quite forcibly answered by the remark of one of our oldest breeders and judges who in discussing the point at one of our shows said I never yet discovered the two wrongs would make one right in breeding these dogs experienced advice should be sought for injudicious mating is likely to cause the ultimate destruction of type and it is impossible for the breeder to bestow too much attention in this direction a good-looking well-bred dog is more likely to produce stock resembling itself than a good-looking one of unknown or even limited pedigree and by patient care and attention intelligent breeders have succeeded in eliminating faults and developing desired qualities in all breeds the result of the most approved mating does not always prove satisfactory to the breeder for as Mr. Wilkinson says no matter how well bred there will always be good bad and indifferent and more by far the last but there is no doubt that the only foundation for success and for obtaining good ones whether it be few or many lies in the most careful attention to mating these remarks are not intended for those who by extended experience are perfectly competent to manage affairs of this and skillfully but to those who have not had experience in such matters it is important to point out the necessity of informing themselves as to the standard type and of adhering rigidly to it it is doubtful if any attempt to establish large breeding kennels of Yorkshire terriers would prove successful for while there is and always has been a steady demand for first class specimens yet owing to their peculiar and regular care it would be a good day's work for any person no matter how competent to keep such a number of specimens constantly in show condition as would be required to maintain a reputation of the kennel necessary to its ultimate financial success it is a matter of quality not quantity that tells in this respect and the aggregate amount possible to be realized from the business of a large kennel would hardly be commensurate to the cost of its maintenance the dealer may and in some cases probably does conduct a profitable business derived from the efforts of small breeders and there is no doubt that those who engage in breeding to a reasonable extent combining business with pleasure will be rewarded with success in proportion to their efforts the following detailed description and valuation of the principal points or characteristics of the breed is from the standard prepared and established by the Yorkshire Terrier Club of England standard and points of judging the Yorkshire Terrier quantity and color of hair on back value 25 quality of coat 15 tan 15 head 10 eyes 5 mouth 5 ears 5 legs and feet 5 body and general appearance 10 tail 5 total 100 general appearance this should be of a long coated pet dog the coat hanging quite straight and evenly down each side a parting extending from the nose to the end of the tail the animal should be compact and neat the carriage being very sprightly bearing an important air although the frame is hidden beneath a mantle of hair the general outline should be such as to suggest the existence of a vigorous and well-proportioned body head this should be rather small and flat not too prominent or round in skull rather brought at the muzzle with a perfectly black nose the hair on the muzzle very long which should be a rich deep tan not sooty or gray under the chin long hair about the same color as the center of the head which should be a bright golden tan and not on any account intermingled with dark or sooty hairs hair on the sides of the head should be very long and a few shades deeper than the center of the head especially about the ear roots the eyes should be of medium size dark in color having a sharp intelligent expression and placed so as to look directly forward but should not be prominent the edges of the eyelids should also be of a darker color ears cut or uncut if cut quite erect uncut small V shaped and carried semi erect covered with short hair color to be a deep dark tan the mouth should be good and even teeth as sound as possible a dog having lost a tooth or two through accident not the least objectionable providing the jaws are even the body should be very compact with a good loin and level on the top of the back coat the hair as long and straight as possible not wavy which should be flossy not woolly it should extend from the back of the head to the root of tail color a bright steel blue and on no account intermingled with fawn light or dark hairs legs quite straight of a bright golden tan color and well covered with hair a few shades lighter at the ends than at the roots feet as round as possible toenails black weight divided into two classes vis under five pounds and over five pounds exceed twelve pounds referring to this standard Mr. Wilkinson says personally I confess a weakness for color over quantity of coat as I contend it is quite possible to produce a vast quantity of coat on a specimen otherwise indifferent from boyhood I remember my father now deceased being a great breeder and fancier of Yorkshire terriers and he could not tolerate a dog without the rich golden tan he would not inherit his weakness and think the points most difficult to obtain should be thought most highly of when they are produced I am rather afraid that of late years too much thought has been given to length of coat in preference to good color and moderate coat combined a lot of hair with dog attached does not constitute a perfect Yorkshire terrier Mr. Bootman also says with relation to this point richness of tan on head and legs should to my mind be more cultivated than at present this property was highly prized by the old breeders the craze for length of coat has in a great measure been the means of reducing the quality of tan in connection with the subject of standard should be mentioned some of the most common faults noticed in specimens of the breed exhibited at our shows the most important of these are two round skull apple head pointed muzzle blue fawn colored head and legs instead of tan mixed coated body made of two or more colors curly or wavy coat lack of animation and expression natural drop instead of semi erect ears roached back light or dudly nose uneven mouth long hair on ears hind legs heavily coated below hocks two prominent eyes and crocked front legs all these and some other faults should be guarded against in breeding or selecting Yorkshire terriers but to find a specimen technically up to the established standard is a practical impossibility as most of the future prize and other good dogs of this breed in America may reasonably be expected to spring at least in part from the best known winners which have been exhibited at our shows a brief summary of the principal first prize winners of late years is here given as far as we are familiar with them and most of which are well known to the fancy they are as follows champion Bradford Harry Bradford Lill Bradford Leah and Lancashire Ben Campbell's Prince Dolly Spink Sir Cullen and Dandy Northfield's Kennels Harry Fishpool Gem Toons Royal Daisy Little Sister Jenny and Floss Sends Teddy and Jesse Cassidy's Ben Prince and Jersey Lily Clancy's Bill and Ben Carlton's Armand and Bravo Sylvie's Whiskers and Leo Baro Scales Dandy Daly's Daisy Sullivan's Lucy Englehart's Patty Dull's Una Healy's Ebor Rose Patty Cramer's Midge Cabot's Lancashire Star Meadowthorpe Ferry Jesse Damaficare Actor and Spider The following persons also own and exhibit Good Yorkshires John F. Campbell Custom House Montreal, Canada Northfield's Yorkshire Kennels Salem, Massachusetts Ph. Coombs One Exchange Block Banger, Maine Mrs. J.S. Bauer 3263 Groveland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois J.C. Cullen Pittsfield, Massachusetts Dr. George W. Dixon 406 Main Street Worcester, Massachusetts R.P.H. Durkey 10 Ashland Block, Chicago, Illinois E.E. Dodge Pittsfield, Massachusetts Michael Gogarty 71 Goff Street, New Haven, Connecticut John J. Hulley Troy, New York John Hackett 23 Barton Street, Hamilton, Ontario John L. Lincoln Jr. 2 & 4 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois RSF Montgomery 217 South 14th Street, Omaha, Nebraska W.R. Mack, Rochester, New York W.D. Reed, Elmira, New York E.J. Lilly 53-59 Water Street, Cleveland, Ohio Mrs. E.A. Lincoln 14 Parker Street, New Bedford, Massachusetts J.H. Stotz 3 & 4 Hodge Opera House, Lockport, New York R.J. McLaughlin 1762 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio F.G. Anthony, New Haven, Connecticut E.G. Carlton 38 Court Square, Boston, Massachusetts Henry Smith, Buffalo, New York John McKee 323 Marcy Avenue, Brooklyn, New York Mrs. L.D. Cutler 262 West 34th Street, New York City George Bell, Walker House, Toronto, Canada Fred Sen, 278 West 11th Street, New York City Peter Cassidy, 135 Varick Street, New York City Bernard Cummings 340 West 25th Street, New York City Mrs. W.D. Stewart, Maldon, Massachusetts George McDonnelly, 77th Street, South Boston, Massachusetts W.A. Pinkerton, 191 Fifth Avenue, Chicago, Illinois Meadow Thorpe Kennels, Lexington, Kentucky Jay Maddox, 4 West 66th Street, New York City William A. Bragg, 21 Park Street, Bangor, Maine Mrs. A. H. Manier, Saranac Lake, New York The dogs selected by the editor for illustration in connection with this chapter are certainly among the best ever seen in this country and are distinguished as first prize winners at some of the principal shows in the north of England where the breed originated and where the best specimens in the world meet in competition They are of special interest in connection with this work as being prominent prize winners at American shows Bradford Harry is at present 1890, the only champion of record of his breed in America He was first exhibited here in 1888 and has appeared in Boston, New York, Troy, Lynn, Buffalo and New Bedford where he won nine first prizes in succession and in addition he has made the remarkable record of which few dogs of any breed can boast Viz that of winning every special prize for which a Yorkshire Terrier was eligible to compete at the shows where he has appeared In one show alone he won the specials for Best Yorkshire Terrier, Best Rough-Coded Terrier Any Breed and smallest dog in the show His pedigree is as follows Sire, Crosshaws Bruce, Damn Beals Lady Bruce by Hodson Sandy, Patterson's Mini Sandy by Bateman Sandy, Venus Bateman Sandy by Spring Venus by Music Spring by Huddersfield Ben Beals Lady by Tyler Lady Tyler by Huddersfield Ben, Bolton's Kitty Kitty by Bolton's Wonder The Yorkshire Terrier Mozart, bred and owned by Mr. James Alderson of Leeds, England won for the breed the name Yorkshire Terrier in 1874 or 1875 He lived to the age of 14 years and 10 months and won during his show career 164 prizes including 36 cups according to Mr. Bootman's history Mozart was by Huddersfield Ben out of Alderson's Frisk both of which run directly back to the original old crab, kitty and wooden bitch Huddersfield Ben was the best stud dog of his breed during his lifetime and one of the most remarkable dogs of any pet breed that ever lived and most of the show specimens of the present day have won or more crosses of his blood in their pedigree Before leaving this engaging breed we would suggest to the managers of shows that they hardly do justice to its advancement and improvement when in arranging premium lists only one class is provided for dogs and bitches and frequently without regard to weight it can hardly be expected of breeders and fanciers to bear the necessary expenses consequent to a four days show often being obliged to ship their dogs long distances for the purpose to make full entries when classes are not as liberal as for other prominent breeds and we do not hesitate to say that it would benefit the show as well as the exhibitor if managers would divide the classes by weight under five pounds and over five pounds as established by standard and also by sex but we must condemn the practice of providing puppy classes if for no other reason than the liability of the puppies contracting distemper and thus serving his agents through which it may be distributed promiscuously furthermore the Yorkshire Terrier does not mature in coat and color until three to four years old and it must be obvious to all that a first prize puppy may be thoroughly unfit for show and matured and the honor of winning such a prize can therefore be of but little practical benefit to the owner End of Section 27 Recording by Colleen McMahon Recording by Tom Mack Tucson, Arizona The American Book of the Dog G. O. Shields Editor Section 28 The Airdale Terrier by F. H. F. Mercer It requires no slight stretching of the term to include this giant in the same category with the midgets of his genus It seems unnatural to call a dog standing higher at the shoulder than many foxhounds and weighing fifty to sixty pounds by the same generic title as the three-pound blackened tan or the sprightly fox terrier yet though he cannot go to earth the Airdale is an inveterate verminer and if we call him not a terrier how else can he be known? Cor Sincan claims the distinction of having christened this rough and ready tyke with the pretty name he bears In the earlier dog shows of the northern counties of England where specimens first appeared they were scheduled as broken-haired or working terriers or as water-side terriers by which latter name they were known at home I suggested, writes Mr. Dowsyall that the name Bingley Terrier would be a much more distinctive cognomant and applicable in as much as Bingley seemed to me to be the center around which this terrier was to be met in the greatest numbers Several of my correspondents who were breeders and exhibitors suggested to me that Airdale better represented the home of this terrier this I adopted and the name Airdale Terrier has attached to the breed ever since close quote my information it may be well to mention derived from a York Sherman who has had to do with these terriers all his life he is now upward of fifty fully bears out what Mr. Dowsyall has written as the Airdale was bred by the York Sherman simply with a view to getting a rough and ready dog useful both as a watchdog and by riverside and moor naturally little or no attention was paid to scientific breeding a useful dog was bred to a clever bitch and for years no records were kept of any kind consequently it is impossible to trace the origin of the variety I am inclined to the belief that there is a strong dash of the otterhound in their composition backed perhaps with some Bedlington scotch and Irish terrier blood I know too that a dash of the bull terrier is frequently introduced to get additional courage from my small experience of the Airdale I have found that they possess the highest courage and my mentor in Airdale Matters tells me that they will lick more bull terriers than bull terriers lick them indeed only the other day I received a letter from him saying that the dam of Weaver the subject of the illustration when suckling a litter of two week old puppies fought a bull and terrier bitch for three quarters of an hour the bull had the upper hand for the first 30 minutes but then floss the Airdale set to and killed her his men told him that she wagged her tail all the time and never made a sound though receiving frightful punishment the bull and terrier weighed half as much again as she did Stonehenge gives the breed a very bad name but I cannot help thinking that the specimens he had to do with were not typical in disposition at least and Airdale is not a pretty dog no one can accuse him of being beautiful but he is such a rough and ready looking customer with such a weird head and face and such human looking eyes that one cannot help liking him I have heard people insist that the Airdale had monkey blood as he looks more like our ancestor than a dog and undoubtedly there is a resemblance when my first Airdale arrived by express the box in which he was delivered during my absence from home was carefully deposited in the kennel yard on my return I was met at the door by the friend who keeps house with me and was told excitedly that an awful looking brute had come and that he had left it in the box being afraid to take it out I went into the kennel yard and there saw this terror inspiring creature whom I at once pronounced to be the champion ugly dog of Canada I let him out and he was as affectionate a little or rather big fellow as you could find anywhere my friends all ridiculed and laughed at him for the first few weeks but now their feelings have changed and I am fairly besieged with applications for one of those Airdales as I am a devoted Spaniel man I have not yet tested Airdale's field but I understand they are a most invaluable all around dog they can run a deer, a fox or a hare beat for feather game and kill a rat retrieve a duck and draw a coon they are the least quarrelsome of dogs but when once their wrath is raised look out for squalls something is going to suffer they are much used by poachers in England being an improvement on the lurchers of olden days and moreover less likely to arouse suspicion in the gamekeepers to whom a lurcher is as a red rag to a bull he's a queer looking coon I overheard a visitor say of an Airdale and show but he looks like a dandy for work and I think this breed exemplifies the adage handsome is as handsome does they are grand watch dogs and excellent house dogs kind and affectionate with children and most intelligent I'm afraid however that they will never be popular looks being so much against them there are but few of them in the country and very very few good ones the following extract from a letter received lately from an old friend will be of interest in this connection I will try and write you what I know of Airdale's I think the breed originated from a cross between the Otterhound and the Bull Terrier there used to be a pack of Otterhounds always kept at Bingley, England I've often seen them hunting on the river Air which runs through Airdale hence the name of the dog I suppose it is good sport to take three or four of these terriers down the banks of a river hunting rats they will find the rats in their holes and stand back then you put in the ferret the rat will jump into the water and the dogs will watch for this appearance swim after and catch him nine times out of ten I think they and the Irish terriers know more than all their breeds of terriers combined I think the breed was first known about salt air and shipply glen Baildon, Bingley, and around Cleggley when I wished to get one I never used to go any other places to look for it and all the really good ones were well known I never cared to own any but the best I could get and one pound ten to two pounds was then considered a high price you could get the best to be had for that amount if the owner would sell it all I owned three Smuggler, Crack, and Ben and they were all good dogs as I ever saw Ben was the best and the largest of the three he would probably weigh some forty to forty-five pounds when in good condition they breed them now much larger than they did then when I had them I was about eighteen or twenty years old now thirty years ago and over Crack was first owned by a Leeds gentlemen and weighed not more than thirty-five pounds when in fair condition he was matched and fought in the pit in Leeds with a bull terrier weight thirty-three and one-half pounds Crack was to come at any weight bull terrier was to be thirty-two pounds only but they let him in at above weight I saw the fight and bought Crack for two pounds ten as soon as it was over Crack out fought him and killed him dead in forty-eight minutes fought fully as quiet as the bull terrier he was better grit for if the bull terrier could he would have jumped the pit I think but Crack pinned him and held him until he finished him either of the other two Ben or Smuggler would fight just as keen the Airdale fights much faster than a bull terrier their thick hair seems to thicken the dogs they fight with they are the best watched dogs I know of and will stand by you in a tight place the dog Charlie that I now have in Maine sleeps in my bedroom on a mat at the door and no foot can enter the yard but he knows it no one can cost that threshold at night unless he sees fit to allow it he is three years old now and I think is a perfect type of the breed he is surely game and will hunt rabbits and rats every minute he can get I think if he was properly trained that few dogs would beat him he knows no one but his master and completely ignores everyone else you can teach the Airdale anything when I was in Europe last time I saw one that I would have brought over if he could have been bought but it was of no use for his owner said 50 pounds would not take him to America I think he would weigh fully 55 to 60 pounds and knew about as much as you could think a dog could be taught his owner told me he would dive after a rat like an otter he could make him stop anywhere and he said he thought he would stop there until dead or until hunger compelled him to leave he could send him home with a note and tell him to bring back a reply and he would do it and if he said no reply the dog would take the note and come right back but if he said answer back he would bring it or stop until they gave him a piece of paper he would bring that or whatever they gave him that he could carry and he would not lose it he was a perfect pet with children and a regular guardian over his three year old little boy when I sent him out with the child he reminded me so much of my old Ben I would have paid well for him but the owner said no my dog is one of my family and will stay with us as long as he lives crack the airdale I have alluded to before I have seen point partridges and pheasants as stiff as any old pointer and then he would look around for me as much as to say I have them here for you and if one was wounded and run to the ground he would trail it and bring it to you as sure as it dropped and he would not injure it if I wounded a hare or a rabbit he would surely kill it and then bring it in but a bird he would bring alive every time he was brought up on the estate of Sir Busfield Ferrand of Bingley a thorough sportsman if one ever lived and crack had to be sent off as he would not make friends with the other dogs he was jealous he was nearly six years old when he came into my possession I kept him some three years and my brother-in-law kept him until his death he was said to be about 14 years old when he died and up to about six months of his death was quite lively after that he lost the use of his hindquarters partially and his sight failed him smuggler was also a grand dog but not so game as Ben or Crack now I will tell you another true story about another airdale that my father owned as long as I can recollect anything his name was Nelson my father was on horseback and had to cross Spring Mill Brook some 15 to 20 feet across usually about a foot deep father used to cross it for a shortcut home one night his horse stumbled, fell and threw him his back striking a rock he was badly hurt and could not stand the horse stood waiting for him but he could not get up he lost the use of his lower parts the dog tried all he could to lift him but he could not then he went to a mill some 200 yards or more away and brought the night watchman and saved my father's life he was in the cold water nearly an hour and had all he could do to raise himself on his hands to keep his head above water the following is the standard for judging airdale terriers head value 20 ears 8 neck shoulders and chest 12 back and loin 15 hind quarters and stern 5 legs and feet 15 coat and color 20 weight 5 total 100 head skull flat and moderately narrow tapering slightly to the eyes and free from wrinkle no perceptible stop or indentation between the skull and the muzzle except in the profile jaw long and powerful free from flues rather deep and moderately square at end nose black and nostrils large mouth level teeth large and sound eyes small bright and dark in color with terrier expression ears V shaped moderate in size and thickness carried forward as in the case of the fox terrier and free from long silky hair neck fair length gradually widening to the shoulders well carried and free from throatiness shoulders fine long and sloping moderately into the back chest should be deep and muscular but neither full nor wide back and loin the back should be short straight and strong the ribs well sprung and rounded the loin broad and powerful and well ribbed up hind quarters strong and powerful thick through the hams good muscular second thighs and stifles fairly bent no tendency to cowhawks stern the tail should be stout and docked set on rather high but not raised to a right angle with the back legs and feet the legs should be straight and well furnished with bone the feet round and close with a thick sole coat rough or broken and dense and wiry in texture free from lock or curl color dark grizzle back from oxyput to end of tail extending also down the sides of the body with dark markings on the side of the skull rest of body a good tan darker on ears than elsewhere weight dogs 40 to 45 pounds bitches 35 to 40 pounds disqualifications a Dudley nose white on throat face or feet white on any other part of the body objectionable a thoroughly bad mouth that is minus a number of teeth and others cankered and undershot total blindness partial blindness objectionable I may say parenthetically that airdales of the best breeding sometimes weigh as much as 60 pounds end of section 28 recording by Tom Mack Tucson, Arizona section 29 of the American Book of the Dog this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by Betty B the American Book of the Dog G.O. Shields Editor section 29 The Scottish Terrier by John H. Naylor in no other breed of terriers have so many different types been shown as in the one commonly called the Scotch Terrier everything in the shape of a terrier is called Scotch by persons not versed in the proper types until about 10 years ago the strain now recognized as the Scottish Terrier was scarcely known except by persons directly in contact with them the breed being in the hands of gamekeepers and Todd hunters Fox hunters who lived in remote parts of the Scottish Highlands which were rarely visited by the outside public and where bench shows were unknown these terriers were hunted in packs and used by their owners in destroying foxes, otters, badgers and other vermin which infested the carons or rocks of that part of Scotland the hunters were paid for all vermin destroyed and as the livelihood of these men mainly depended on the amount of vermin destroyed great care was taken in mating to dogs which were noted for their hunting qualities and gameness written pedigrees were unknown at this time yet great care was taken to mate for working qualities the owners were in many instances they were opposed to going outside their own pack for new blood for fear of introducing some inferior qualities in their packs special strains of these dogs have been kept in some families for almost 100 years without a cross several years ago the correct Scott was very scarce even in their native districts I myself having had great difficulty at one time in finding suitable dogs to import for use as breeders in my own kennels mine were at that time the only specimens of pure Scottish terriers in America and being desirous of keeping up my strains I had to traverse the entire Highlands in my search for good specimens these grand old Scottish or Highland Cairn terriers are now shown in great numbers at all the principal shows in Scotland and England mine specimens may often be seen at our American bent shows but to the general public who do not frequent shows they are almost as yet unknown as above stated written pedigrees were not kept by the Todd hunters and even at the present a pedigree of one of our most celebrated dogs does not run far on paper until it finishes with such and such a dog from such and such a pack well known as workmen in their native country these terriers are also named diehards a name reported to have been given them by George first Earl of Dunbarton who owned a famous pack of them celebrated for their gameness it is said that he afterward named his favorite regiment the first royal scots Dunbartons diehards in complement to his favorite terriers and the regiment was afterward better known by that name than by any other a terrier resembling the Scottish or diehard has been spoken of by some writers and introduced in some works on the dog as the Aberdeen terrier but it is easy for anyone acquainted with the proper scott to see at a glance the difference between it and the true scott the Aberdeen is a very uncertain breeding and the long feather or fringe on his ear and the soft hair on his legs will always distinguish him from the correct scottish terrier whose ears are covered with a short velvety coat free from fringe at the top or sides and whose legs are covered with hard short hair the carriage of ear in the Scottish terrier is of two kinds the semi erect and the erect ear either of which is correct but a drop ear is not correct in any case the semi erect ear is now seldom met with but it is considered by many competent judges of the breed as the old style my old semi erect ear dog Glen lion is the only one with the style of ear I have he is now grey with ears being over ten years old he was born on the night of the great Tay bridge disaster in Scotland sired by Fosum out of Wasp Fosum of the King Gussie pack and Fosum of the Botok out of Fanny Botok from Lady Menjais' kennels and Fanny of the old chest style Glen lion stock once so famous in the Scottish Highlands and which are now extinct Glen lion is said to be the very image of Fosum who had also semi erect ears while Wasp, Botok and Fanny all had erect ears my windstone half brother of Glen lion he has been dead several years I had him preserved and keep him as a specimen of the correct stock many others of my terriers are well known to frequenters of American bent shows having carried off almost all the prizes for many years with Tam Glen Bonnie Bell, Heather, windstone Lowry Dunbar, Fanny Fern, Glen lion and others and last but not least that old favorite Rosie who is now over twenty first prizes to her credit the Scottish terriers I find make good companions for either ladies or gentlemen are good watchdogs under good control and are easily broken to cleanliness in the house they are good on all kinds of game are easily broken to ferret or gun and some of them have proved the best of retrievers either on fur or feather they take to water readily and retrieve a duck with any other dog the following description and value of points for judging is generally recognized on both sides of the water skull value five muzzle five eyes five ears ten neck five chest five body ten legs and feet ten tail two and a half Bonnie size ten color two and a half general appearance ten total one hundred skull value five proportionately long slightly domed rather wide at the back and tapering gradually to the eyes the hair on skull should be hard and short about three fourths of an inch long or less without any signs of silkiness or top knot there should be a slight stop or drop between the eyes muzzle value five long and powerful gradually tapering from eyes to nose which should always be black of good size and well spread the jaws level and the teeth fitting correctly an overshot or undershot mouth should disqualify the nose project somewhat over the mouth giving the impression of the upper jaw being slightly longer than the under jaw eyes value five head apart medium size dark brown or hazel in color well sunken head piercing very bright and intelligent looking from under heavy eyebrows ears value ten small erect or semi erect either are correct but never dropping they should be sharp pointed and the hair should be short resembling fur should be free from fringe at top and sides and should not be cropped neck value five short thick and muscular strongly set on sloping shoulders chest value five deep broad in comparison to size of dog but must not be out of proportion body value ten of moderate length ribs flat but well ribbed up loin broad and strong with no tendency to weakness in hind quarters legs and feet value ten both four and hind legs should be short and heavy in bone the four legs being straight or slightly bent well set under body out at elbows being a serious blemish the hawk should be well bent thighs muscular and the feet strong small round and well padded the four feet being larger than the hind feet and well set down on the ground both feet and legs should be covered with short hard hair any tendency to silkiness or feather on legs is a serious fault tail value two and a half about seven inches in length covered with hard hair and free from feather carried with a slight bend and often ghillie coat value twenty should be rather short about two or three inches hard and wiry in texture with dense undercoat the outer coat should be free from any curl or waviness and very dense an open coat being a serious blemish size value ten about fourteen to eighteen pounds for dogs twelve to seventeen pounds for bitches color value two and a half steel or iron gray brindle black red wheat and yellow or mustard color mustard black and red not as popular all white specimens have occurred and are greatly prized but white markings such as four feet and chest are objectionable and if in large quantities should disqualify general appearance value ten the face should have a sharp bright and active expression head carried well up the dog owing to shortness of coat appears to be higher on the legs than he really is viewed from all points he should show a nice compact little terrier possessed of great strength and muscle without any weak points or light bones or waste or want of material in fact the Scottish terrier though essentially a terrier cannot be put too powerfully together and should have that happy go lucky vermin look about him that gives the impression he is ready for anything that comes along he should be from nine to twelve inches in height and should have the appearance of being slightly higher on the hind legs than on the four legs false muscle either undershot or overshot eyes large or light colored ears large round at the point or drop too heavy a coat is a fault coat any silkiness wave or tendency to curl is a serious blemish as is also an open coat specimens over 18 pounds should not be encouraged end of section 29 section 30 of the American book of the dog this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by Betty B the American book of the dog G.O. Shields editor section 30 The Dandy Dinmont Terrier by John H. Naylor The Dandy Dinmont Terrier is but little known in America to others than fanciers it is difficult to understand why he is not more popular for although not handsome he is one of the brightest most active and vivacious of all the terrier family the liking for him invariably grows as one becomes more acquainted with his good qualities for he embodies all that goes to make up a good workman like terrier with an admirable disposition for a companion for a lady or gentleman or as a playmate for children in Europe the breed is now one of the most fashionable and the entries at bench shows excel those of most other breeds of terriers until the year 1814 when the great novelist Sir Walter Scott wrote Guy Manoring the breed was unknown by its present name the general opinion is that Scott drew the character of the hero in Guy Manoring from James Davidson a farmer of Hindley in the foothills of the Teviate Dale mountains yet it is a question whether at the time Scott wrote Guy Manoring he really portray Davidson or whether the identity was accidental be that as it may the likeness was so perfect that Davidson was ever afterward known as Dandy Dinmont among his neighbors and acquaintances James Davidson certainly fitted the character to perfection. He was a great hunter especially of foxes and badgers and his terriers which became celebrated for their gameness were generally named pepper or mustard such as old pepper or young pepper old mustard or young mustard according as their color was James Davidson died in January 1820 and his fondness for hunting was strong to the end the hounds having started a fox which ran near his window while he lay on his deathbed he insisted on getting out of bed to enjoy the fun as he called it that Davidson was the originator of this now celebrated breed of dogs is not generally believed but they have ever since born his nickname it is believed that they were in the hands of border gypsies and farmers many years before Dr. Brown writing of one of his dogs says he came for Alan breed who lived some 200 years ago in coquet water Alan was a piper like Homer traveling from place to place and famous for his dogs music and songs the Earl of Northumberland offered the piper a small farm for his dog Alan remarked na na my lord keep your firm what when a piper do with a firm it is said by Mr. Robert White that the father of Alan Piper Alan was named William and was born in 1704 he was a player on the bagpipes and repaired pots and pans and made spoons and baskets he was an excellent angler and among his other pursuits he excelled in the hunting of otters and kept eight or ten terriers for this sport Picham was William Alam's favorite and such confidence had he in the animal that when hunting he would sometimes remark when my Picham geese mouth I durst always sell the otter's skin Charlie was also an excellent dog William Alan had once been employed by Lord Ravensworth to kill otters on the estate which he soon accomplished his lordship wishing to buy Charlie at the piper's own price Alan turned round haughtily and exclaimed buy the wounds this hail estate can not buy Charlie Alan died in 1779 aged 75 years his son Jamie was born in 1734 Mr. J. Davidson an old fancier of the breed published a letter in the field London of December 7th 1778 which sheds more light on the question as to how James Davidson the original dandy dinmont came into possession of his first dandies then we have been able to obtain from any other source he says the border muggers were great breeders of terriers and in their wanderings the different tribes would meet once or twice a year at some of the border villages if they could not get a badger they would try their dogs on a Fumart, Wildcat or a hedgehog Jock Anderson the head of the tribe had a red bitch that for such work beat all the dogs that came over the borders Gordy Faw had a wire-haired dog that was the terror of all the dogs in the district and that was good at Badger, Fox or Fumart a badger had been procured and both the bitch and dog drew the badger every time Gordy Faw said to Jock Anderson let's have a big drink the man first down to lose his dog done says Jock down they sat on the green and in 18 hours Jock was laid out and Gordy started off with the dogs they were mated and produced the first pepper and mustard which were presented by Gordy to James Davidson Dandy Dinmont many years ago E. Bradshaw Smith brought up all the good dandies he could lay his hands on and even offered Mr. Milnes to cover Old Jenny with five pound notes if he could have her but the offer was refused he however bought up many of the then famous kennels so many of the people that agreed show them to contain this blood are eagerly sought after by breeders of the present day the dandy dinmont is a very game dog some few specimens that have been spoiled in their puppyhood may show the white feather and this may be true of any other breed but this is far from being the rule with the dandy he is not a quarrelsome dog but once aroused he goes in instances of dandies wearing each other in their kennels have been noted I have suffered myself from this my border clinker killed Bonnie Britton in midday and neither made the least noise that old breeder Mr. Sumner owned the famous Shem whose father and brother are said to have been found dead in a drain in which the hounds had run a fox the drain had three entrances the sun at another and speedily the fox bolted out the third but no appearance of the little terriers and on digging they were found dead locked in each other's jaws they had met and it being dark and there being no time for explanations they had throttled each other in closing I must say that anyone wishing a hardy terrier one fit for all kinds of work a companion for himself or children cannot find anything better than a dandy dinmont the more they become known the more their merits will be appreciated I speak from years of experience with this breed having imported some of the finest blood known and more dandies have passed through my hands and more prizes have been won by my dogs than by those of all other breeders in America combined following is the standard of points of the dandy dinmont terrier as defined and adopted by Scotland dandy dinmont terrier society the relative values of several points in the standard are apportioned as follows head value 10 eyes 10, ears 10 neck 5, body 20 tail 5, legs and feet 10 coat 15 color 5, size and weight 5 general appearance 5 total 100 head strongly made in large, not out of proportion to the dog's size the muscle showing extraordinary development more especially the maxillary skull broad between the ears getting gradually less toward the eyes and measuring about the same from the inner corner of the eye to back of skull as it does from ear to ear the forehead well domed the head is covered with very soft silky hair which should not be confined to a mirror top knot and the lighter in color and silkier it is the better the cheeks starting from the ears proportionally with the skull have a gradual taper toward the muscle which is deep and strongly made and measures about 3 inches in length or in proportion to skull as 3 is to 5 the muscle is covered with hair of a little darker shade than the top knot and of the same texture as the feather of the four legs the top of the muscle is generally bare for about an inch from the back part of the nose the bareness coming to a point toward the eye and being about 1 inch broad at the nose the nose and inside of mouth black or dark colored the teeth very strong especially the canine which are of extraordinary size for such a small dog the canines fit well into each other so as to give the greatest available holding and punishing power and the teeth are level in front the upper ones very slightly overlapping the under ones all undershot and overshot specimens will not be recognized by the society eyes set wide apart large, full, round, bright expressive of great determination intelligence and dignity set low and prominent in front of the head color a rich dark hazel ears large and pendulous set well back wide apart and low on the skull hanging close to the cheek with a very slight projection at the base broad at the junction of the head and tapering almost to a point the four part of the ear tapering very little the taper being mostly on the back part the four part of the ear coming almost straight down from its junction with the head to the tip they are covered with a soft straight brown hair in some cases almost black and have a thin feather of light hair starting about two inches from the tip and have nearly the same color and texture as the top knot which gives the ear the appearance of a distinct point the animal is often one or two years old before the feather is shown the cartilage and skin of the ears should not be thick but rather thin length of ear from three to four inches neck very muscular well developed and strong showing great power of resistance well set into the shoulders body long strong and flexible ribs well sprung and round chest well developed and let well down between the four legs the back rather low at the shoulder having a slight downward curve and a corresponding arch over the loins with a very slight gradual drop from top of loins to root of tail both sides of backbone well supplied with muscle tail rather short say from eight to ten inches and covered on the upper side with wiry hair of darker color than that of the body the hair on the underside being lighter in color and not so wiry with a nice feather about two inches long getting shorter as it nears the tip rather thick at the root getting thicker for about four inches then tapering off to a point it should not be twisted or curled in any way but should come up with a regular curve like a scimitar the tip when excited being in a perpendicular line with the root of the tail it should neither be set on too high nor too low when not excited it is carried gaily and a little above the level of the body legs the four legs short with immense muscular development and bone set wide apart the chest coming well down between them the feet well formed and not flat with very strong brown or dark colored claws bandy legs and flat feet are objectionable but may be avoided the bandy legs by the use of splints when first noticed and the flat feet by exercise and a dry bed and floor to the kennel the hair on the four legs and feet of a blue dog should be tan faring according to the body color from a rich tan to a pale fawn of a mustard dog there of a darker shade than its head which is a creamy white in both colors there is a nice feather about two inches long rather lighter in color than the hair on the four part of the leg the hind legs are a little longer than the four ones and are set rather wide apart but not spread out in an unnatural manner while the feet are much smaller the thighs are well developed and the hair of the same color and texture as the four ones but having no feather or dew claws the whole claws should be dark but the claws of all vary in shade according to the color of the dog's body coat this is a very important point the hair should be about two inches long that from skull to root of tail a mixture of hardish and soft hair which gives a sort of crisp feel to the hand the heart should not be wiry the coat is what is termed piley or pencil the hair on the under part of the body is softer and softer than on the top the skin on the belly accords with the color of the dog color the color is pepper or mustard the pepper color ranges from a dark bluish black to a light silvery gray the intermediate shades being preferred the body color coming well down the shoulder and hips gradually merging into the leg color the mustards vary from a reddish brown to a pale fawn the head being a creamy white the legs and feet of a shade darker than the head the claws are dark as in other colors nearly all dandy denmont terriers have some white on the chest and some have also white claws size the height should be from 8 to 11 inches at the top of the shoulder length from top of shoulder to root of tail should not be more than twice the dog's height but preferably one or two inches less from 14 pounds to 24 pounds the best weight as near 18 pounds as possible these weights are for dogs in good working order


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