Let's rank metals from the most reactive to the least reactive. For this we will have to do certain experiments and in this video we are going to react metals with water. Now depending on how vigorously each metal reacts we will list them in this particular series. You might recall that in a previous video we attempted add something similar, we reacted metals with oxygen and depending on how vigorously they reacted we arrived at this particular list. Here sodium and potassium was most reactive and gold and silver they were the least reactive. But there was a problem with this list. See over here at rank 3 you can find these 4 metals being grouped together. We weren't able to sub rank them. So our hope with this new experiment is that we will arrive at a more detailed list, more well organized list. So let's begin. So generally metals when they react with water they displace the hydrogen from water and form metal oxides. So here in this case our products are going to be metal oxide plus hydrogen gas being evolved out. Now we also spoke about some metal oxide being soluble in water. This means that if this metal oxide is soluble it will react with water to form metal hydroxide. So either our products are metal hydroxide plus hydrogen gas or a suspension of metal oxide in water plus hydrogen gas. So okay with this let's look at some examples. So first let's react sodium with water. So sodium will displace hydrogen that means hydrogen gas will be given out definitely. And then sodium will react with oxygen to form sodium oxide Na2O. Now sodium oxide is very much soluble in water. So this will react with water to form sodium hydroxide. Now let me replace this sodium hydroxide. So these will be our products. Now along with this in the reaction you will also get a lot of heat energy being given out. Now let's look at the same thing in an actual reaction. So here I have a beaker of normal water or cold water and I am going to add sodium to it and yes sodium also reacts with cold water even with cold water. Now you can see that as soon as sodium touches it starts reacting. It starts to dance on the surface of the water. Now why this is happening is because as soon as sodium touches the water reaction starts and hydrogen gas is given off. Now this hydrogen gas pushes the sodium into random direction and that's why sodium appears to be dancing on the surface of water. Now along with this we are also getting a lot of heat being evolved and this heat is so much that it can even burn the hydrogen gas being released. So be very careful around this particular experiment. This can be very explosive okay. Now you might notice one more thing. How quickly did sodium metal get finished off? And that's happening because sodium reacts very violently very quickly with water and gets converted into sodium hydroxide which is currently now dissolved in this water. Now how do we test this out? So see sodium hydroxide is basic in nature. So if I add red litmus paper into it you can see that color is changing to blue. Now this definitely proves that this solution is basic and it has sodium hydroxide mixed in it right. So in this reaction we saw that sodium even reacts with cold water. It is so reactive that it even reacts with cold water and it produces sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas is released and along with this a lot of heat energy is given off which can even burn this hydrogen gas. So be very careful. And potassium, potassium also reacts in a very similar fashion. It will also react with water to give potassium hydroxide and releasing hydrogen gas and lot of heat. So these metals they are our most reactive metals. They are rank one when it comes to reactivity series. Now let's look at one more example. So calcium this also reacts even with cold water just like sodium and potassium. So here in this case calcium will displace hydrogen and will react with oxygen to form calcium oxide. So these will be our products. But calcium oxide this is soluble in water. So this will react with the water to form calcium hydroxide CaOH whole twice. And along with this we will also get lot of heat being released and you can sense this because we started the reaction in a cold container of water. But you can sense it that the water container will start getting warmer. But let's compare the heat being released here with the heat being released in the case of sodium. So in this case the heat was so much that it would even burn the hydrogen gas being escaping out, right? But here in the case of calcium the heat is not sufficient to burn the hydrogen gas. It's lesser than comparison to sodium and that's why we rank calcium as second in the reactivity series. So in the case of sodium and potassium the heat would even burn the hydrogen. Whereas in the case of calcium the heat is not sufficient to burn the hydrogen gas. In fact this hydrogen gas will start bubbling out of the water solution and it will stick to calcium metal and make it float in water. You can check this out in the experiment in your lab. Now next we have magnesium metal and this also reacts with water. But this cannot react with cold water. Cold water does not have sufficient energy for magnesium to react with it. So that's why we will need to heat the water. So magnesium reacts only with hot water. So this itself is an indication that magnesium is not as reactive as calcium. So we will rank magnesium as third in the list. So here also in this case magnesium will displace hydrogen and react with oxygen to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas will be given off. And magnesium oxide is soluble in water. So we will get magnesium hydroxide finally. Next we have aluminium reacting with water. In fact aluminium, iron and zinc they all react in a similar fashion with water. Which is they do not react with cold or hot water. But they do react with steam which is basically H2O in gaseous form. So this itself would tell us that all of these three are not as reactive as sodium, calcium or magnesium. And that's why I would rank them as fourth in our reactivity series. Okay, so in this reaction aluminium will displace hydrogen and form aluminium oxide. And the different thing over here is that aluminium oxide is not soluble in water. So this is not going to react with water to give us aluminium hydroxide. No. And how I like to remember this is that aluminium is used as aluminium foil to wrap our hot food in our lunch boxes. Now hot food will give out steam. And that steam might react with aluminium to form some products. Now if this product would have been aluminium hydroxide, which is a base that might have spoiled our food. So it's good that no base is being formed over here. That's how I like to remember how steam reacts with aluminium to give me aluminium oxide only. At last, we have metals such as copper, lead, gold and silver. And they all do not react at all with water. There will be no reaction, neither with cold water, hot water or steam. So okay, with this, let's rank our metals. So we saw that sodium and potassium, they even reacted with cold water. And the hydrogen gas that was being released was set on fire because of the immense amount of heat being released. At second, we had calcium, which also reacted with cold water, but there was no fire and the hydrogen gas was bubbling out. Thirdly, we have magnesium, which reacts only with hot water, not with cold water. At fourth place, we had aluminium, iron and zinc, which did not react with cold or hot water. They reacted only with steam. And at last, we had copper, lead, gold and silver, which showed no reaction at all. Now, with this new information, let's go back and update our ranking of the metals. So this was the old ranking that we had when we reacted metals with oxygen. Now let's compare and see what's new. So here still sodium and potassium is at number one. But we have calcium coming in at number two and magnesium at number three. That means we will need to include calcium in between here. Let's update that. And then we have aluminium, iron and zinc at number four, and we came to know that copper and lead are less reactive than aluminium, iron and zinc. So over here, we can update this particular rank and we can degrade copper to the lower rank. So something like this. And we already knew that gold and silver, they are the least reactive. So this is our updated ranking of our metals after these two reactions. But see, this list is still not very detailed. You can still see that at this rank, we have three metals occupying the same position. Whereas over here, we still do not know which one is more reactive between copper and lead. So in future videos, we will do more reactions and we will try to detail this particular list. But for now, let's summarize the video. In this video, we saw that when metals react with water, they form metal oxide and hydrogen gas is released. Now, if the metal oxide is soluble in water, we will get metal hydroxide. And we saw that how different, different metals they react with water. And depending on these, we updated our ranking of metals.


Hello from the National Archives public programs and education staff. My name is Sarah Lyons Davis. I'm an education specialist at the National Archives. Welcome to the National Archives Comes Alive Young Learners Program. Today we meet Deborah Sampson Gannett, one of a handful of women who fought in the Revolutionary War disguised as men. Deborah Sampson was a descendant of Pilgrim's Miles Standish on her father's side and William Bradford on her mother's. In 1781, she enlisted to serve in the 4th Massachusetts Regiment under the name Robert Schertliff. She received multiple sword and bullet wounds and received an honorable discharge in 1783. She was the only woman to earn a full military pension for participation in the Army. Deborah Sampson is portrayed by actor and artistic director Judith Calora from History at Play. The National Archives has many records related to Revolutionary War veterans. These images are from the National Archives catalog. They include images from the Revolutionary War pension application of Deborah Sampson Gannett. By the time she applied for the pension, you can see she was married and went by the name Deborah Gannett. The first page includes her name as well as her alias soldier name Robert Schertliff. Her entire application is 64 pages long and includes a letter dated 1818 outlining her service and her need for a pension. And on this slide for our education specific resource Docs Teach, you see an educational activity for Deborah Sampson. In this activity, students can analyze her letter for clues about the experience of a woman serving in the Revolutionary War disguised as a man. As you see in the image, the letter has parts of the text spotlighted to help students analyze the document. And this document is Gannett's sworn testimony that she served as a private soldier in the War of the Revolution. It states she is in such reduced circumstances as to require the aid of her country for additional compensation. Her testimony is part of her application for a larger federal pension from the US government. It references her service record was lost during the burning of Washington by the British in 1814 and it provides a thorough accounting of her service in the Revolutionary War. Gannett was one of only two women to receive a federal pension, the other being Margaret Corbyn. Our programs are brought to you from the National Archives Public Programs and Education Team and the National Archives Foundation. You can find information for free to teacher and student programs on the National Archives website, archives.gov, under Archives News, upcoming events. And if you follow the National Archives on social media and now let us give a warm welcome to Deborah Sampson Gannett. I continued to fight. My leg was slow to heal due to the wound inflicted by this musket ball. Yeah, and I continued to fight. I fought for 18 months. I was promoted to the rank of officer. I was made personal assistant to General John Patterson. I was given my very own horse and I was sent to Philadelphia on a special mission. The soldiers of the Continental Army had been released from service without payment and they now rioted upon the city of Philadelphia. The Massachusetts 4th Regiment was sent to stop the rebellion. Yet as we traveled a fever tore through our camp. My fever rose and I fainted. And before I was able to regain my consciousness, I had been taken to hospital. Where one doctor, Barnabas Binney, began to examine me. He felt my neck for a pulse. He felt my my chest for a heartbeat and he felt the bindings, the bindings wrapped around my woman's chest. The bindings were obvious upon physical examination and the doctor realized that the poor dying boy who lay before him was a poor dying woman. The doctor had a choice to expose my identity or to conceal it. The doctor chose to conceal. The doctor brought me to his home where he, his wife and a nurse by the name of Mrs. Parker, tended to my wounds. They said I needed constant supervision. There are no visitors allowed.  I recuperated my health once more. And the doctor agreed to release me. But not before first asking one thing. Of me, what could this letter possibly hold? That would help me. I had risked my life to be a soldier and I would have rather died on the battlefield than be disgraced by a letter that the doctor had saved my life. And he had asked only one thing in return. Deliver the letter. And so I traveled from the outskirts of Philadelphia to New York, West Point, where I had been trained. I entered the study of General John Patterson, my commanding officer, and I delivered the letter I watched as General Patterson took the letter from my hand. I gazed as he unfolded the parchment and read the contents within. I examined as the message of the letter imprinted upon his mind. Can this be true? I had not read the letter. For it was sealed with wax. Of course, I knew. I knew it was true. Answer me, soldier, you answer me this instant. Can this letter be true? Yes, sir. Yes, sir, it is true. Remove your helmet, soldier. And he stared. General Patterson stared into my eyes. And still he could not see. What is your name? Soldier, what is my name? My name is Deborah Sampson. Sir, and I am a woman. General Patterson brought me to my regiment. The Massachusetts Fourth. He introduced me to my fellow soldier as Deborah Sampson. And my fellow soldiers, my brothers in arms, responded, it is good to see you again. Robert, General Patterson, personally delivered a letter of honorable discharge signed by General Henry Knox. I thought I would be disgraced. I thought I would be imprisoned. I was honored, but I couldn't stay. The Continental Army was the only family that I had ever known. And I couldn't stay. So I traveled back to the only home I had, Massachusetts. I wore what you see me in today, all that I owned in all the world. The wardrobe of a warrior. I went to the home of my mother, whom I had not seen for many, many a year. I knocked upon the door and she opened and it was not the face of a loving mother. It was disgust. It was hatred. And my mother knew what I had done and she could see what I had done. I was wearing what I had done. She hated me for it. She slammed the door in my face. And I was an orphan. Once more. I went to the home of an aunt, a woman I barely knew, her name, Alice. And when she opened the door, she threw her arms around me. I'm like Evie and Eve. I could hear her voice as she cried out and said, It is I, Ephron, so happy to be home. I've convinced the entire Continental Army that I was man. I could convince my family as well. And I lived with my aunt Alice for some time. And just when I thought I could go on living as a man for the rest of my life, I met and everything changed. His name is Benjamin Gannett. He is a farmer from Sharon, Massachusetts. And all at once I realized I could no longer keep up the wardrobe of a warrior. Off came the light infantry helmet put away for another day. Off came the soldiers' canteen, which had staved off my thirst. Now dry. Off came the possible's bag, which had held most anything possible and the cartridge box, which had guarded me from the enemy cartridges, discharged. Box of no use and my kit. My uniform, which I wear with pride and with honor and I could wear it no longer. Benjamin and I, we were married on the seventh day of April. In the year 17 and 85 together, we have three children, our eldest, Earl, our second, Mary and our third patients. We adopt a fourth, a young orphan girl named Susanna. Her mother had died when she was only five days old. Yet try as we may. Finances never were in our favor. We had the smallest farm in Sharon, Massachusetts, and it yielded few crops. Add to that. I suddenly found myself faced with the same decision that my own mother had been faced with when I was a girl of five years old. Should I send my children off to work or should I find a way to support my family? I could never send my children to work. I could never sell my own children into servitude as my mother had done to me. I wrote letters to Congress requesting payment for my military service. I knew soldiers who had served half the time that I had yet. They had been paid for their service. Yet every letter I sent was met with no response. I had served in the Army as Robert Shurtliffe and I now wrote to Congress as Deb Rugganett. It was confusing to say the least. It seemed like all hope was lost until one day finally fortune turned to our favor and we got a new neighbor, and I do believe many of you may know him. He is from the old north end of Boston, Massachusetts, a talented silversmith and the fastest messenger in all the town. Some refer to this man as an express rider. Others refer to him as a midnight rider. This man's silver shop in Boston grew so successful that he purchased a copper rolling mill in a town called Canton, Massachusetts, which is next door to my town of Sharon. He living in Canton, I living in Sharon. We are neighbors. And his name is... I can hear you in there, you know. Paul Revere. You know Mr. Revere. Mr. Revere is my neighbor and he realized that the rumors and the gossip about me, they are untrue. People said that I was a manly woman.  Well, look at me. Am I so manly? Am I smart enough to know that a woman is capable of so much more? Paul Revere wrote a letter on my behalf to our mutual congressman and shortly after that letter was sent, I received a letter in return. A letter signed and approved by John Hancock, governor of Massachusetts, first signer of the Declaration of Independence and Governor Hancock awarded me payment for my military service. And not only would I receive payment, but also a pension. I am the very first woman in all of the United States of America to receive a full veteran's pension. I received four dollars every month, but I petitioned. I got it raised to six. And I do not want to rely on Congress to support my children. I want to support my family. And so once more, I reject my role as a woman and I begin to speak. I give speeches about my experience in the military. I tore the northern United States of America, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania and New York. And everywhere I speak, they call me the American heroine. I am the very first female American professional speaker. Thank you so much, Deborah Samson, for sharing just that fascinating history with us. If you have time for it, I would love to ask a few questions. I do have to work the farm a bit, but I do have a few moments of time. Yes. Wonderful. Thank you. So as I was listening to you recount your time in the military, I was wondering if you would describe your childhood and if you remember, was there a moment when you knew maybe you would need to defy these social expectations as you grew older? Yes, I would love to tell you my childhood is of unfortunate circumstance. My mother and father were not unfortunately able to make ends meet to support the children. And my father, when I was quite young, went off to seek alternate employment and never returned home. My mother unable to care for any of the children except those who were still suckling, who were still infants, bound us out to various family members, as was customary in my day in the late 18th century. And most of my siblings were sent off to various aunts and uncles, myself included. Unfortunately, my aunt fell ill within a few years of taking me in. And she passed in the interim. However, prior to her passing, she taught me unspeakably important skills such as how to read and how to write. And many women did not have that talent of being able to write. It was at this point that I was sent into what's called indentured servitude. And indentured servitude is essentially like 18th century foster care meeting a very crude type of enslavement. Wherever a home needs free labour and they're willing to feed you and give you a place to sleep or a bed or it might be a pile of hay depending on the season, that's where you live. And you might live there for months or years. And the majority of my adolescence was spent living on a farm. And I think that that was when the formative ideas of my life were developing because I was living on a farm surrounded by boys. In this homestead there were ten sons, ten boys, not all were sons, some were other relatives. And they were sent to school.  At least for a few months of the year generally in the summertime when we weren't doing as much harvesting or planting. But having those boys come home from school and watching them do their lessons I learned numbers and I learned history and I was able to read from the library. And it was that exposure to knowledge that I never would have had as a young woman that showed me that I was capable of doing whatever those around me were doing. In fact, I was capable of attending the farm and doing things as well as the boys. And as I was caring for many of them who were younger than me, I knew I possessed both the skills of a maternal figure and the skills of a paternal figure. So as the war was on our doorstep I knew I had to adopt both of those skills to do what was best for my country. Interesting. And in doing so what was the most difficult part of convincing the soldiers around you that you were a boy? Well believe it or not the quiet times are far more horrifying in that regard than the war-like times when you are in any sort of hand-to-hand combat which is what I was exposed to skirmishes more so than formal battles. The blood flowing through your body is so hot that all other mind all other movements of the mind cease to exist. And when you are seated in a camp for hours or days or even a week not moving figuring what the next movements of the unit or the regiment are. Of course a regiment is a lot of soldiers you can have upwards of a thousand soldiers in a regiment and part of the Massachusetts Fort within that you have various battalions and units and so on and so forth. So we would often be waiting many many days before we knew where we were going that's when I was most frightened because that's when people started asking questions and I'll tell you of the utmost of these times when I was frightened was in the middle of the night we slept in canvas a-frame tents that sometimes slept six or seven men at a time although not all the men would be sleeping at the same time some would be standing guard and watching at various hours as we took shifts but that was when I had to rebind my bindings around my chest so I couldn't just walk away I had to find a reason that I wasn't sleeping obviously when I was supposed to sleep but I couldn't leave my post when I was standing guard and watching that would be grounds for dishonorable discharge but I had to go into the woods and I had to rebind my bindings so that my shape would continue to appear as that of a young boy a young man that was the most horrifying scary time was those late in the night adventures expeditions to the woods.  Surprised me the most respect how much respect a person can be given I never knew respect I never knew anyone looking at me with any sort of esteem I never knew anyone looking at me with any sort of admiration like they were hoping they could be like me someday that as a soldier it was the opportunity the prospect of a true career which is not afforded to a young woman in the late 18th century and when you speak about respect when you returned to Massachusetts after the war how were you treated by the community? Well there was a lot of as I mentioned gossip and rumors you know manly brute too stupid to know their place in society and all of these things were being said by people who had never actually met me but they've heard through the grapevine what I had done unfortunately didn't help the circumstances were helped by my mother my mother and I had had a falling out not because she bound me out because in the depths of my mind and my heart I know she would not have bound me out had she not had to bound me out but she when I turned 18 and my indentured servitude was legally terminated was legally ended at that time she approached me for the first time in years and said I found a suitor for you Deborah so now you'll be married and I told her that I had been a slave and a servant since I had been 5 years old and I certainly was not going to have a master at any other point in my life and therefore I refused to wed what they call a masterless woman of course I didn't realize that that would change in some years time we never say never of course but that the experience that I had with my mother going back to try to make amends it ended very poorly and she was quite ashamed that I had brought disgrace upon the family and my family's motto is disgrace is worse than death so I believe my mother would have preferred that I had been lost on the battlefield as much as I hate to say it and come back and make myself public and I do believe she made some of the her feelings known to others around the end and word did spread because of those rumors around the community neighbors would speak about me whisper as I walked by my children were bullied when they were young they never spoke about the fact that I had served in the army only my grandchildren have come to start calling me the old soldier and they will talk with their friends about what I had done in the years past and when you mentioned speaking about your past and your service in the military why did you decide to go on a national lecture tour well finances unfortunately still were not in our favor the payments issued by the government the early government at this time were not nearly as substantial as payments that would be issued to us after 1814 when Congress passed a new pension plan for veterans of the American War for Independence I think they saw that we did need to take care of our soldiers more after the war of 1812 where we did not have a formal army to send into to keep the British regulars at bay and of course therefore lost our capital city of Washington as well as we mentioned my records of my service so thereafter Congress began to see the importance and the impact of caring for its soldiers and its veterans to ensure we had a military that would be ready a standing professionally trained military that would be ready to fight at the moment's notice because it became evident we needed that now that said I went on this tour because I wasn't receiving enough income to support not only my four children of course one adopted but we also have a domestic family with us by the name of Patience Payson who is a part of our family she's been with us for decades now and we support her as she is one of the family within the household and I needed more money and there was a gentleman called Herman Mann who had heard of my story with quite an allure he had interviewed me for several hours he wrote a book called the Female Review and then he asked me if I would consider doing a book tour to advertise that I could be released I could give a speech that he himself would pen which he did and that I could give that oration in various towns throughout the northern United States and I gave that oration wearing my woman's attire and then I went off stage and after I completed the speech I put my male kit my uniform on and I returned on stage and I did the full manual of arms using my Charleville musket that I had been equipped with during the war and it allowed me to make money and it also allowed me to have respect and admiration that I had always wanted and never thought I would have again never thought I would have until my service but never thought I would have again thereafter it was very very rewarding and I could take care of my family because of it and I know that you're busy and you mentioned you have work to do after you leave us today so this is our final question what advice to you as Deborah Sampson Gadot have for young people today? Well as you recall I mentioned that when I returned from service there was a lot of rumors there was a lot of gossip and even some might say bullying which I'm sure there are quite a few watching who may have known or know what that feels like amongst their colleagues their classmates their neighbors their family even and I just want you to remember that same person who they bullied and they criticized and they ridiculed right after I did something that was very rebellious and very unexpected and very uncomfortable for many people to understand I am the same person to whom they build statues for whom they name parks for whom they name roads for whom the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has an official day where my life is celebrated every year May 23 the anniversary of my enlistment to whom even they are discussing building a statue to me in Beacon Hill where the Massachusetts State House stands just remember the people that they make fun of today are the people that they are building statues to and creating holidays for tomorrow What fantastic advice thank you so much and thank you for sharing your story it is my pleasure and my honor thank you to you and the National Archives and now one last look at the docs teach educational activity related to analyzing records and the letter written by Deborah Sampson in her application for a federal pension for serving in the Revolutionary War and I hope you can join next month for our Young Learners Program with George Washington Carver agricultural scientist, educator and inventor thank you all for participating in our program today


All right, all while given that it's new now, I think we'll go ahead and get started as folks start to and keep trickling in. So my name is Riley Stevenson. I'm on the Sierra Club Executive Committee and going to be moderating and facilitating today. So thank you everyone for being here and for joining us for the first day of our Earth Day Speaker Series. Just some housekeeping notes. We ask you to keep your microphone on mute throughout the presentation just to help with background noise. You'll see that there's a microphone symbol which is in the lower left of your screen as shown here. If the microphone symbol is crossed through you are muted. Next to that you'll see a video camera symbol and you're welcome to stay have your video on or off through the presentation. This webinar is being recorded just so you know so you may be recorded if your camera is on. If you wish not to be seen feel free to turn your camera off. Lastly, if you have any questions please feel free to put them in the chat, which as you can see is over on the right. I'll be monitoring the chat throughout the presentation and at the end we will have some time for some questions and answers after the presentation itself. Before we begin we'd like to take a moment to acknowledge the land beneath our feet. Here in Maine we live in occupied Wabanaki territory. Wabanaki people lived on this land and stewarded it for thousands of years. In these times indigenous communities are being hit hard by the pandemic, and in most cases have fewer resources and less support. Please consider making a donation to support your local Native American tribe. And at this point I'll hand it off to Fay. So Fay is our speaker today. Fay is the co-executive director of the post landfill action network. She is the founder of Anthropology and Anthropology at Erlum College where they were the founder of the free store and a leader in their schools responsible energy investment campaign. Fay studied abroad in India, Tanzania, New Zealand, Guatemala and Mexico where they researched waste management systems and I'll hand it off to you. Thank you Riley. Hi everybody good afternoon. I hope everyone has a lunch to go with today's presentation. Thank you so much Riley for that introduction and the land acknowledgement. Thank you for Marina for getting this set up. I'm really happy to be here I am a recent transplant to Maine so this is exciting I recently moved here from Philly. So it's exciting to meet folks and get connected to the Sierra Club chapter here. So to get started. I'm going to go ahead and share my screen. Some thumbs up can y'all see my screen right now. Yeah we're good. Fantastic. Thank you. Alright so the name of today's presentation is a zero waste world is possible. And I am presenting on behalf of the post landfill action network and I'll tell you a little bit more about us. So Riley already covered all this. Usually I do this ground setting. I just give some space if anyone needs time to remove distractions get note taking supplies if you need it sent to yourself get some water. We're going to be talking about. We're going to be talking about some pretty serious topics today when we talk about waste we also talk about systems of oppression and intersecting systems of oppression. So if you need to at any point step away. I encourage you to take a deep breath. If you need to turn off or on your camera. Please feel free to do so. As Riley said we'll be doing questions at the end. But if folks have questions throughout you can send the question in the chat or raise your hand. I won't see the chat but Riley will be getting my attention throughout if someone has a question. Alright so for introductions again my name is Faye I use she and they pronouns and I'm the co executive director of the post landfill action network. So I want to invite everyone to introduce themselves as well. And we're going to do that in the chat because there are a lot of folks as much as I want to hear from every single one of you. I want to invite you to put your name and your pronouns in the chat and share one word or a short sentence that you think about when I say waste. So I'm going to give a minute for folks to do that. Alright I see some coming in. I'm going to have to catch up on these later. This is so we can all get to know each other a little bit. Please keep the intros going. I'm going to move on to the next slide. But if you just joined us please share your name pronouns and one word or short sentence that you think of when I say waste. So for those of you who are social media savvy. This is our social media handles from Twitter Instagram Facebook LinkedIn you can find us at post landfill. And this is our adorable team pre coded on the left hand side I work with a fantastic team of 11 full time staff members based throughout the country. And we've been working digitally remotely for a little over a year now as many of us have and want to give credit to all of what I'm going to present here across this team. So we are the post landfill action network. We currently work with over 700 college and university campuses across the US. This is our students for zero waste conference annually we bring together our network of students to talk about waste and the next step for the movement we're a eight year old nonprofit. And we've been growing a lot through the last eight years learning a lot about how to build this movement for a zero waste worlds. And real quick Riley can I ask you a logistic question. Sorry yeah. Can you see at the top of my screen is that blocked by the bar is that just on my screen. The top thing I can see it says building a movement for a zero waste world. Fantastic cool thank you. All right. So we work with college students for the most part. I don't know if there are any college students on here feel free to make yourself known. But just for folks who have college students in their lives this is basically what we do. We provide campus membership for students doing waste work on their campuses and campuses can become members of our network which means they get all sorts of support it's basically the support that we wish that we had had when we were students because our staff is made up of very very recent grads. So we provide leadership skills we provide best practices. We help students navigate the ins and outs of organizing on a college campus. We also do annual events, like I just mentioned our students for zero waste conference, our regional beyond waste student summits, and we help students ban single use disposable plastics on campuses, and do campus consulting called Atlas. Feel free to check out our website if you have questions or you're interested. At the end of this presentation I'll do a little more information on how to get involved. So for this presentation format we're going to do a problem solution action format. So we're going to start by understanding the problem. I'm going to share with you all how we understand the intersections of the waste crisis. And then I'm going to tell you about our. And then we're going to focus on case studies for the world that we're working towards. And finally we're going to chat. We're going to discuss what it looks like to maybe apply these things where we're all living now. Before I jump into any of that I just wanted to highlight there is an event coming up on April 22 that is organized by organizers on the Penobscot organizers in partnership with you main. So there's going to be a car caravan for they're calling it the caravan from other earth on April 22. Leaving from the UMain campus and looping up on Indian Island with the Penobscot organizers and trying to basically just make a big fuss about the issues going on there with the Juniper Ridge landfill. And the out of state waste importation so I'll touch on this again at the end but if folks need to leave early just wanted to put that there was a call for call for action. In the or no old town area of Maine. Okay, so jumping right in. What we will not be talking about today is lifestyle zero waste. That is not where my work sits so we're not going to be talking about how to reduce your specific waste in your life. We're not going to be talking about how to keep your trash in a mason jar. We can touch on some of those things if they come up. But what I want to try and do with you all today is share with you a systemic perspective on why we have a waste problem and what we can do about it. So the way that we look at waste from an organizational perspective is a little bit beyond the common definition of zero waste. And the industry definition is at least 90% diversion from landfill or incinerator. So what does that mean. So you see on this waste hierarchy that top bar, that's the standard diversion rate, the amount of material that is being recycled, or being composted. So when we look at it. We want to also include reuse we want to include reduction we want to include rethinking and redesigning and changing the system overall. We don't want to be just looking at recycling and composting because that's not really bringing us towards the circular economy that we need to develop. So we're looking at what we call the linear consumption economy, extracting resources from the ground, producing them into products, distributing those products across the world, consuming those products and disposing of them. This is a linear process where we extract stuff from the ground we make it into stuff and then we throw it away. These are the problems that are intersecting with this we understand this crisis by breaking it down into these five areas, consumer culture, landfills and incinerators environmental racism, global climate change and resource depletion. And I'm going to dive into all of these. Starting with consumer culture. I might have seen this image before it's a common piece of art. We live in a culture where this is what we're told by the media by big box stores we define ourselves by the stuff that we surround ourselves with. Are you a sparkly iPhone cover, or are you a matte black cover, are you a PC or are you a Mac, we define ourselves by the stuff that we surround ourselves with that is consumer culture and that is perpetuated in our advertising. For example, I want to invite folks to take themselves off mute and make a guess as to what you think this is an advertisement for. So you can take yourself off mute and just yell it out if you think you know, liquor, liquor, what do other people think. Wine. Wine. What else fashion trends, fashion trends, dating site, a dating site. What else. Yeah. I missed one was that last one stockings stockings. Yeah we have toast play dance love flirt kiss. What are they selling us it could be any of those things. This is an Urban Outfitters ad. They're selling us clothing. If they're selling us clothing, why is there barely any clothing in this advertisement. Because they're not actually selling clothing they're selling a lifestyle. They're not saying, check out how great these leggings are they're so durable they will never rip they're made sustainably. They'll never rest your life you'll pass these down to your grandkids. They're saying, don't you want to be cool, like these people. This advertisement was also saying that. Don't you want to be cool, like these people, completely different generation. Honestly, I think this is back but completely different generation. What is there is planned obsolescence. And that is a form of planned obsolescence that is called perceived obsolescence, where every season, there's a new style. Every year, the fashion trends change. You can't go around wearing this outfit anymore. I guess you'd probably be like the coolest kid ever if you wore this outfit now. But a couple years ago, that would not be the case these things, these things change, and these advertisements sell us a new lifestyle every season, which creates a huge amount of waste. Additionally, there's another type of planned obsolescence which is functional obsolescence. So I'm going to read this quote out loud. The whole economy is based on planned obsolescence. We make good products, we induce people to buy them. And then next year, we deliberately introduce something that will make those products old fashioned out of date obsolete. We do this for the soundest reason to make money. This is a real quote from 1958 from an industrial designer. Talking about planned obsolescence. And so I want to also, again, invite folks to unmute themselves and yell out. What would you think is an example, a product example of functional planned obsolescence? Forever changing the style and the design and we can't get things fixed. Hmm. Not being able to get things fixed. That's a good one. Well, skin tight jeans and now very loose jeans like in the 60s. Yeah, yeah, so there's style obsolescence right there. Yeah, perceived obsolescence. What about functional obsolescence something that is made to break. Oh God, everything. Phones. Phones. Yes. Yes, appliances. Yeah, appliances appliances. Yeah, Apple products are some of the worst perpetrators of this the way they change their outlets. So you can't use the same chargers year after year. Any other examples folks want to add. VCRs. Yeah, now the new stuff you can't, you can't repair that anymore. My Karik machine that didn't last a year. Yeah, that's a great example. These are all good examples this is all planned obsolescence we live in a society where things are made to break and they're made to be obsolete. And why is this a problem. This is a problem because the stuff that gets made is made in a deeply unethical way. And this this images is, I should have done a content warning before this I apologize. This image is really intense. This is a factory collapse from 2013 from a factory in Bangladesh. This happens regularly. This is the fast fashion industry. This was a factory that was creating clothing. The impact of just clothing, just our fast fashion industry is broken down here on the left. Fast fashion industry is the second largest consumer of water globally. It contributes 20% of global water pollution 10% of all carbon emissions. The average, like clothing worker is making less than $3 a day. That is modern slavery that is slavery 85% of all textiles 85% are thrown away within a year. Within a year of being made. That's the stuff that gets made, just our clothing that gets made. So when this stuff breaks so quickly it has to get made again, and again, when that stuff goes out of style, it has to get made again, and again, and the impact of making that is massive. That impact is this stuff is made from oil.  These things are made from oil plastic is a petroleum product, and the majority of the things that we interact with the fabrics that we interact with are made from petroleum products are made from oil. There is very little natural fiber that's still used in fast fashion and in typical product development. So this is not just a problem with how we make things. It is a problem with what we make things from oil is a finite resource there is only so much of it. So we make that stuff. We use it. We throw it away. The two outlets that stuff typically goes to when we throw it away are a landfill or an incinerator and I'm going to talk about both of those. The first is a landfill. This is a cross section of what it would look like if you basically cut a landfill in half and looked into the center. It is a common misconception that landfills are big stinky places that contain a lot of decaying, like plastics and stuff. Landfills are actually, they are stinky, we'll give them that. They are actually generated to try to keep all of the stuff inside at a complete homeostasis. They're trying to keep that stuff from deteriorating because that will release as many, they'll release more gases, it will spontaneously combust. Landfills actually contain a ton of fill, dirt, cement, sand, things like that. And that stuff continues to be volatile. So what ends up happening as this stuff decays is we have greenhouse gases coming out the top, methane, carbon dioxide, and we have leachate coming out the bottom. Basically, when it rains, the water percolates in the landfill and it runs out the bottom containing all of these chemicals that are listed below. There are toxins, heavy metals, carcinogens, cancer causing materials, and landfill sites attempt to contain these things, but there are case after case after case of those holding ponds breaking of leaks. So we have to look in our own backyard at the Juniper Ridge landfill up in Old Town, Maine to know the impact that that's happening on the Penobscot River. Landfill impact on the local community is massive, but it also has an impact on climate change. So this graph on the right, this is an EPA study showing US methane emissions by source. On the right here, landfills contribute 18% of methane in the atmosphere. Methane is the most harmful greenhouse gas. When we talk about climate change, we need to be talking about landfills. We need to be talking about the third highest contributor of methane in our atmosphere. The other way that trash is typically dealt with is through an incinerator. Incinerators are often called waste to energy plants. There are massive greenwashing campaigns to try and paint incinerators as a sustainable alternative or a renewable energy source because incinerators do generate energy, but the amount of energy that they generate is minuscule based or compared to the amount of impact that they have on the environment. The only way they could ever be considered a renewable energy source is if we're saying that our trash is an unending source of material, like our trash is like the sun, our trash is like the air, the wind, our trash is like water, which I think is not a good goal for us to send. Similarly, incinerators are the most polluting form of energy source of compared to coal or oil. They contribute the highest carbon dioxide, another potent greenhouse gas compared to these other sources. In this graph here, how much higher the amount of carbon dioxide emission from incinerators than from even coal-fired power plants, which we know coal-fired is bad. I think we can all agree here coal-fired power plants are bad. But when told that incineration is a solution, it's really important to stand up and be able to say why that is not the case. It's not just these materials, these facilities that are a problem, it's not just a climate change issue, but it's also an environmental injustice issue. So I'm going to read this quote again. This is a quote from the private consulting firm that was hired to consult for the California Waste Management Board. Basically, the California Waste Management Board asked them, where should we put our polluting infrastructure? And this private consulting firm said, all socioeconomic groupings tend to resent the nearby siting of major facilities, but middle and upper socioeconomic status possess better resources to effectuate their position.  That was their advice. And we can see that all across the country is the poor neighborhoods, the immigrant neighborhoods, the communities of color, those are the neighborhoods that are experiencing impacts from plastic productions facilities, from landfills, from incinerators. We see it right here in Maine. The Penobscot community is the community, the First Nations community is the community that's facing the direct impact from the landfill in our own community. And this is a symptom of something called redlining. So redlining was a practice that was outlawed in the 70s, but it was legal before then. And it was the practice of creating maps like what you're seeing here for major metropolitan areas. And the map that you see here indicates, this is Philadelphia, and it indicates red areas, yellow areas, blue areas and green areas. And this was done in partnership with banks and with cities. And basically it identified the undesirable neighborhoods for providing loans for putting in infrastructure for adding supermarkets for packaging businesses. It was used most heavily by banks to decide where to grant mortgages and where to not grant mortgages. And we see, even though this is technically illegal now, we see this practice continuing. And when do you overlay redlining maps with maps of major polluting infrastructure. I do find that those red areas that have been historically marginalized, systemically marginalized, continue to have the highest amount of polluting infrastructure. They also have the highest amount of asthma and cancer rates and skin rashes from this. This is an environmental racism issue. It's an environmental classism issue. It's an environmental injustice and it is rampant across this country. So all of that is if the infrastructure that we have in place works perfectly. That is how it's set up to work. But the reality is, it doesn't really. Only 9% of all plastic ever made has been recycled. The recycling infrastructure that we have in place. I'm honestly not going to talk a lot about recycling because of this fact, because our recycling infrastructure is not what it needs to be to deal with the capacity of the problem that we are facing. Only 9% of all plastic ever made has been recycled. The rest is pollution. And because of that, it's estimated that by 2050 there will be more plastic in the oceans than fish. And that actually I think is now a outdated number. I think that the estimates are sooner than 2050. And that the crisis of plastic in the ocean is not just a matter of the material of plastic in the ocean, but the chemicals that leech out of that plastic and into the wildlife into our bodies into coastal communities. That is massive. And I could talk about that for a really long time, but we're not going to spend forever on the problem. It's important to understand the intersections of this problem and how, at every point in this system, there are intersections of race and class and gender, and the systems of injustice are perpetuating each other, they're holding each other up. When we think about solutions, we need to think about those solutions in a way that is systemic. So the image that I'm sharing here is our theory of change. We call it the points of intervention theory of change. And you can see the linear consumption economy in red, we extract resources, we produce them into stuff, we distribute that stuff, we consume it, and we dispose of it. We also are changing the system. We are finding points of leverage to create change. We're resisting extraction. We're redesigning products and creating new renewable forms of production. We're redesigning and repairing and reusing and recovering and reclaiming our communities. And all of these points of intervention, that's what makes up the movement that we are working for. That's what makes up the type of work that we support and the way that we think the world can change. And we see campuses as a really important part of that. So I'm not going to harp too much on this because I know that there's not really that many students here, but this is an important part of what we do at PLAN, the Post-Landfill Action Network. And I think it applies to small communities as well. We see campuses and small communities to be able to test out solutions, to be able to try out new ways of creating resources, new ways of distributing things. And campuses specifically have the incredible privilege of resources and support networks. And that's why we see campus networks as an incredible place to test out zero waste. Additionally, students always have been catalysts for change. The images that you see here are all examples of students and young people who through the years have made massive systemic change, whether we're talking more recently about Greta Thunberg or the student fossil fuel divestment movement, or we want to talk about the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in the Civil Rights Movement or students who stood up against apartheid, or students against the Vietnam War. One of these examples are times that young people and students stood up and said, no more. This is too much. We don't want to live in this world. We want to live in a different world. And we believe that this movement that we're building here can also be powered by that student innovation and student energy. And we're seeing it happen with these examples. So I'm going to dive into a couple of examples of ways that this change is happening and then we'll get into our discussion, but I want to pause real quick and just see if there's any questions. I know I've gone all the way down. I want to see if folks have any questions at this point. There's a question in the chat. Casey Seaman asks, what do you think about some of the legislation that's being proposed? Are there any parts in it that will be effective in beginning some systematic change? Yeah, that's a good question. I'm assuming that you're talking, are you talking about the break free from plastic legislation? Yes. And some of the Green New Deal things and, you know, we're hearing more conversations about it now, which is helpful. So, but, you know, what are other pieces in there that will really make a difference was what I was wondering. Yeah, yeah, that's a really good question. I will be fully transparent with you and say that the work that I do is not as policy based. So I'm not an expert on the policy that is happening. I'm much more program based. Well, I do think that the Green New Deal is really important and has come a long way. The work that we have been focusing on is around the break free from plastic act. So that's something that I would really encourage folks to look up. And part of the break free from plastic legislation that's being proposed is the investment and the like ground level creation that has happened with folks who are most directly impacted by the problems that the policy is trying to address. So I can say that having known how that policy has been developed for the break free from plastic acts. I don't know as much around the Green New Deal. But I think that's a really important part of policy development. Because what it does is it ensures that it's basically not creating new problems. And it's going to the root of what the individuals who are most impacted need to develop solutions in their own communities. Any other questions. All right. Keep going. All right, so we're going to go into solutions. I know we talked about some deep pieces of the problem. But we're going to dig into some solutions. Before we do, I want to share with you all a phrase that we hold at plan, which is no one can do everything but everyone can do something. And together we can fix this broken system. A big part of our work is helping students and young people find what we call their point of intervention, find their point in this system where they can make change on a systemic level. That will be long lasting. So together we believe we can fix this broken system. Okay, so what does points of intervention model look like in practice. This is the fun part. This is the part where I get to talk about solutions. Talk about the amazing people who are working in this movement and really making change. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to share a couple of solutions with you all. And then we're going to do our activity, which includes generating solutions yourself. So if you want to take some notes, think about how these things might be applicable in your communities. I invite you all to think about that now in preparation for your breakout group. So starting with, sorry. Okay, well, starting with shutting down pipelines. This is an example of intervening at the point of extraction and the point of distribution. The line three pipeline is a tar sands pipeline in the Minnesota region that has been threatening native communities.  Another example is divesting from fossil fuels, the fossil fuel divestment movement. This is really the organizing space where I cut my teeth as a as a college student and now has grown massively and really shows the impact that moving your money as a form of protest can have when it comes to massive institutions. There are thousands of campuses, churches communities, investment funds that have moved their money out of fossil fuels, which has created a movement where not only is it a form of protest against the fossil fuel industry, but it is also made investment in fossil fuels. This is the unsound form of investment. It is not a place where institutions are even making money anymore. And this is a huge in huge part to student movement. So this is a way of intervening in extraction and production. This is micro plastics. This is another student project. These are students from the University of Santa Barbara, who successfully banned I love this story because they successfully banned micro beads on their campus. And for anyone who doesn't know micro beads are often present in the products that you see them holding toothpaste face washes, and they are literally tiny balls of plastic that are used for exfoliation. They're really bad for your skin. And they're really bad for our waterways because we literally just wash them right down the drain. These students banned them on their campus, banned them in their town, banned them in their state and now they're banned nationally because of these students. This was an example of them intervening at the point of production. So pressuring these companies companies to change their production and the point of consumption. So changing the way that we consume products. So changing packaging. This is a company called ecovative packaging is an area of a massive area of waste, especially lifestyle waste but packaging waste is a really big problem in in industry so beyond lifestyle. And this company ecovative ecovative is making packaging from mushrooms. So that packaging that you see there is actually made from that that's mushroom that's my ceiling. And so that is intervening at the point of distribution and the point of production. The fun fact about this company they actually are also starting to make home like renovation materials so they're starting to make insulation and they're starting to make like wall siding all out of mushroom, which is a very new area I don't know how far they are but it's a really cool area of research that is happening. And then we have fighting for the right to repair which someone mentioned earlier. This is a really, really, really important point. It's literally illegal to try and repair some of your own stuff. If you open the back of an iPhone, it becomes has waste hazardous waste, and you're technically not allowed to bring it into repair you have to buy a new one, according to the store. So this movement for right to repair this is a national movement that is working to pass local legislation all across the country. This is a great place to look into getting plugged in there advocating for right to repair legislation that will completely change the way that repair is managed across the country. This is an example of intervening at production. If we can repair our stuff we don't have to produce new stuff and consumption. If you can buy something that's repairable, you're much like much more likely to change your consumption patterns to something that is repairable and easily repairable for a long time, rather than something that you can't repair at all. If you're really interested in repair another place to look is a company called I fix it. They have super easy to use step by step videos and tool kits for repairing your items, they'll even sell refurbished parts for repairing everything from the waistband of your genes to your laptop. So I fix it is a really great resource to check out and they support the right to repair legislation through their nonprofit arm. Sharing our resources tool libraries. This is a form of intervening at distribution and consumption. Example here is the West Philadelphia tool library so this is a neighborhood that I just moved out of, which had a great tool library where you could rent anything from a plumbing wrench to a lawn mower to make a great book on how to fix your lawn mower. It had so much stuff and what it did is save individuals from having to each have their own lawn mower, but having a couple lawn mowers for the entire neighborhood tool libraries are gaining in popularity. As we learned that basically we're being duped by the corporate machine so this is a really great resource to dig into. Reclaiming food waste. This project is really near and dear to my heart scrap dogs is a Recently started business by a couple of former students who we used to work with. That's actually based in Rockland, Maine, and they serve Rockland and surrounding towns, picking up compost or start picking up food scraps from individuals homes and from businesses, and then composting it and then providing soil right back to you. The two individuals that started this were students who we worked with and went off to start this business they are what we call alumni or plan alumni, and they are intervening at the point of production and the point of disposal. And then finally, intervening at the point of disposal we have fighting about dealing with trash. Excuse me. Did someone have a question that must have been an accident. Okay, feel free to ask if you if you want to ask a question. Intervening at the point of disposal. This is the fight against the Juniper Ridge landfill again. Shutting down that infrastructure is a really, really important part resisting that infrastructure, changing the way that that infrastructure is taking over is a really, really important part of this fight. At the bottom of this slide. There's a link here and I debated whether or not to share this video but it is like it's like 14 minutes long so that would have been basically my whole presentation. This is the sunlight media collective which is a youth collective of Penobscot youth media creators who did a short documentary on the fight against the Juniper Ridge landfill and it is really, really good, really good. I think everybody who lives in the state of Maine should watch this video because not only does it help to understand what's going on here. But it helps to clarify the way that it is impacting the Penobscot community and the rest of the surrounding community in the old town area. And with that landfill is they're accepting out of state waste, and they are constantly expanding. I've been connected to folks living in proximity to this landfill for seven years now. And the landfill has gone through three expansions, three expansions in seven years that is a unbelievable amount of trash. They've had a kind of mind numbing feel for the impact of this landfill every year. Kasella, who operates the landfill hosts an event called dinner at the dump where they basically try to woo the local community into being supporters of their landfill. But they also give out free food so that's great. They take a bus to the top of the landfill. And it's very gimmicky but it is a way to see the impact of that landfill because it is. It's a view from the top of the landfill. And that's all trash. So I would I would highly suggest learning a little bit more about this and getting involved and I'll make sure that these slides get shared so that you all have the link to this video. I'll go along with what what's going on here. All right, so we're going to do an activity. Let me see so we have about 10 minutes left. So Riley if we can do breakout groups of like five people for, let's say five minutes. And what we're going to talk about while you're getting that set up. We're going to talk about the question of how can your community take action using the points of intervention. So thinking about all the examples of intervening at these different points of intervention. How can your community take action what would different projects look like how could you engage what could you support. And feel free to like throw ideas that are similar to what we just shared. That's why they're there to really jog those thoughts. And I do want to really encourage folks to go beyond individual actions think about systemic change. So Riley do we have the groups ready. Cool. All right go ahead for five minutes and then we'll come back and share back. It does feel good. Yeah. Welcome back. So we don't have a lot of time left. And I do want to share a couple of resources at the end. So I want to open up space for three or so minutes for folks to just share what they talked about, or anything else they want to discuss in this space any questions. I want to leave like two minutes at the end so Riley do you want to facilitate if there's like hand raise to a system. Yeah I think if folks just want to shout out or use the raise hand feature that's fine do case. Yeah I can I can start off a little bit because we were talking to Roshanna who was out collecting trash as they was doing this, which I thought was so awesome. This is a this is a conference in action man that was I thought that was great. There we go. It got us really talking I think about the break free from plastic act and and the, the things that we can do with our local legislators to start to make an impact and some of those points of intervention locally like I, I talked to our state legislators, quite often. And now I can talk to them about this too, because that's, that's a critical piece and learning more about it so that was that was a big piece of what we were talking about. One of the things that we talked about was something that you haven't covered, and that is waste energy. And a few people now are talking about net zero. And we have a college very near me called unity college that built a dorm, a new dorm a number of years ago that essentially, I think takes no energy from the from the grid, but that may be no net. So it's built very tight, and it has solar panels on the roof, and so on. And that's something that we need to talk about as well. Yeah, absolutely that's a great point Peter so talking about the waste of energy. You know I also didn't talk a ton about food waste. There's a lot of forms of waste that hopefully when you go away from this presentation.  So that's, that's a great point and I think that's a really good example of you said it was unity college. Unity college has great. So, in our little breakout group, am I there. I had to ask Faye about how you build consensus how you build a momentum for any good cause, specifically environmentally based cause. Faye made some fabulous points about, first of all, escalation which includes keeping at it and don't just send one email and be discouraged if you don't hear back, send 45 emails to your city counselors or district representatives and meet them in person if they don't respond and build power through children's letter writing and art projects. Get yourself in the news so it was it's just you know on any of these issues it's so hard to break through the mundane and the routine and build momentum and so that was mainly what what we talked about in our group. I don't have time to hear from. Well actually no one else. I was going to say one more but we are almost out of time. So I'm going to go back and share my screen just to wrap up. Thank you everyone who shared. And I want to encourage if you all want to have future conversation about this. I hope Riley at the end of this you can share info about future Sierra Club meetings. So conversation can continue. So, I'm going to put a quick plug again for the event on the 22nd. Really looking for organizers or for anyone in the area to show up with signs. This is the caravan from Mother Earth against the, the dumping and the importing of main way out of state waste. At the junior village landfill in partnership with Penobscot organizers. So I hope folks show up to that. This info will be in this presentation which you all will have at the end of this session. The fourth event that I want to plug really quickly is specifically for college and high school students so for anyone who has college and high school students in their lives please feel free to share this free virtual event. It is the fourth event in a series called the beyond waste student summits it's a weekend intensive weekend training. This May 1st event theme is on establishing a circular economy, and it's going to be on fashion forward so talking about fast fashion, and thinking about thrift stores and free stores and economic systems. Was that a question from someone. So you can email Ramiro at postline fill dot org to sign up if you'd like. Finally, we're always looking for new members so feel free to share this with the college students or staff in your life. You can always contact us at info at postline fill which I'll put on the last slide. And a couple of additional resources you can sign up for our monthly newsletter. I've also included some databases here mutual aid database which is an awesome form of zero waste and community resiliency and campus organizing tactics for remote organizing and this actually Abby the question that you asked about getting the attention of your representatives. Town representatives and campus administration are basically the same. So this remote organizing toolkit I think would be really relevant for what you're working on as well. So feel free to pull tools from that. Thank you all so much for coming thank you for having me I know we're a little over time I'm happy to stay a couple of minutes and continue chatting. But if folks need to leave I understand thank you for being here. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Riley did you have wrap up you wanted to do. I did yeah just super briefly. So again, yeah as was said wrong slide should be right. As I said thank you all so much for coming and just wanted to let you all know about our next events this week for Earth Week. So tomorrow our event is two inches who is the author of advocating the environment how to gather your power and take action, which will be released a summer she'll be sharing effective strategies for advocating for the environment attendees will leave this conversation feeling both empowered and motivated to use their new skills. I recommend that you join us for that and again that the link and way to get registered for that can be found on the Sierra Club main website. And additionally feel free to follow us on social media and keep up with everything we're doing. Yeah, thank you all so much for coming. Thank you, Riley. Riley, can I make a comment. Sure. For you and face face still there. I'm here. Okay, many, many years ago. I think one of the important things is to give positive feedback to companies that are doing the right thing. I'm sure you guys, you know, are doing that. Many years ago I was working for Oxfam. And I stumbled upon the fact that UPS Corporation had donated millions of dollars to fund what they call the prepared food rescue program. I think in 30 major metropolitan areas in the United States, they got, you know, connected with a local 501 C three now, you know, charity, and they funded these trucks these refrigerated trucks that would go around every night, and pick up all this leftover food from, you know, like fast food joints and corporate cafeterias that's how I found out about it because corporate cafeteria. I was really impressed with that at the time because they were helping to save, you know, a lot of waste from going to waste as opposed to in being able to feed people who were desperate for food. And I've always been very impressed with UPS and I don't know what they're doing these days, but they were very supportive many years ago for this kind of, you know, kinds of programs that you were talking about today. You know, eliminating waste and also the other side of it like Oxfam and so on feeding people so anyway. I love that idea Casey, thank you for mentioning that because I struggle with attitudes and polarization in our community and how people like us could be considered freaks for even wasting an hour in the day talking about this stuff. Thanking people who are doing such a good job and even having a festival to honor them if we can ever get back in person would just be magnificent because there are community organizations and and industries even in schools that are just doing some very, very good things and an implicit way to urge others to get on the bandwagon. It's a beautiful idea. We need to do more of it. And I'd be willing to try and help and dig into it. There's a huge UPS distribution center about a mile from our house so I probably could if they knows how to get a hold of me. Yeah. We all share a supermarket chain Hanifords. I think Hanifords has a sustainability program. I don't know. Seems like they're trying to do more and more at least around our area in Belfast. And I think it's worth plugging their efforts as well. It is absolutely. Well thanks for this great presentation today. I absolutely loved it. Yep. Yep. Thank you everybody. Thanks. It was great to hear from you. Thank you. Thanks y'all. Thank you everyone. And Riley, you're awesome. Thank you. Thank you. Yeah, for sure.