Would anyone be willing to open us in prayer again? Jesus we thank you for this beautiful morning that you've blessed us with Lord and as we're going to start our class in Christian history and missions I pray Lord that we will learn something new today and that he would listen and thank you Lord for everything you name a prayer amen okay so last week we had stopped somewhere in the 1860s we were talking about DL Modi and Charles Bergen so now we come to 1876 and talk about a missionary from Edinburgh Scotland so her name was Mary Slesser and she when she was about 27 years old heard about David Livingstone's death and hearing about his death kind of inspired her to go out and go into ministry and so when she was 28 she left she was from Scotland and she was part of the Presbyterian Church so through the Presbyterian Church she went as a missionary to a place in West Africa so Nigeria and West Africa and started to work among the epic tribe that was her work among these people and she mainly did a lot of work among children so there was a belief in that tribe that if anyone had twins then one of those twins was demonic or was somehow possessed and so they would put both the twins in clay pots and keep them out in the jungle today so she kind of fought against that practice and was successful in rescuing all of these twins so for those of you are looking at the presentation those are some of the twins that she was working with so the children that were rescued through their ministry some other things that she accomplished through her mission so she spent several decades there and so she did a lot of evangelism she took care of orphan children native children promoted women's rights worked a lot to promote social change education also worked with the local governmental authorities so influenced governance in the place and encouraged trade so she had an impact that was quite wide apart from just working with the children also reaching like impacting the social the economic the government of that time so she made a huge difference in Nigeria in the Calabar region 1878 so there was someone named William Booth I'm not sure how many of you are familiar with the Salvation Army but so he and his wife were the founders of the Salvation Army he was a British Methodist preacher and he began to not only take the gospel to people but he recognized that apart from taking the gospel we also could be helping people with their social or their physical needs so especially when you're ministering to the poor your ministering to people who are in bad situations with drug addicts alcoholics all of these people how do you minister to their physical state as well as their spiritual state so that was his main the difference in with which he approached how do you take the gospel to people and so this made a huge impact on a lot of people in society because this was reaching people from poorer sections people were not usually welcome in the church so prostitutes criminals people who are excluded from within the normal church circles or people that this church or William Booth was reaching and so he really touched the lives of the common people within his lifetime there were 58 countries that were reached through this church so not only were they looking at social impact they were also like taking the gospel to people in other countries so missions was a huge part of what they were doing he wrote a book called in darkest England and the way out and he also wrote several songs but this book was very important because it became something that really impacted the way people viewed how do we reach out to people who are alcoholics how do we reach out to the poor how do we provide safety for prostitutes for those who are homeless it really impacted some of the decisions that were being made by government how the church was responding to these people all of these things so his work made a big big difference you can see on this picture this was his funeral so the streets were lined with people just because of what he had done so this is just not the church this is people in London just gathering because he had had such a big impact on their lives 1885 there's a man named C.T. Stutt so he was an English cricketer and I don't know if we covered him last week did we I feel like we did don't maybe we even covered William Booth so C.T. Stutt was an English cricketer and he heard D.L. Modi teaching the gospel and while he heard him he himself had this desire to start going out and preaching the gospel so 1878 was he had become a believer 1883 is when he heard D.L. Modi preach 1885 he joined Hudson Taylor in China and he was actually very rich he had received a huge inheritance from his family when he was very young but he gave all of that up because he believed that he should fully depend on the Lord so he gave all of that up to an orphan home and two missions and then decided to go into missions in China and depend completely on God to provide for him so a quote from him is some wish to live within the sound of church in Chattelbell I wish to run a rescue mission within a yard of hell so that was his desire to go out and reach people who were lost only one life is a song that he had written I'll just read the first paragraph it's quite a beautiful him but I'll just read one paragraph from it two little lines I heard one day traveling along life's busy way bringing conviction to my heart and from my mind would not depart only one life will soon be passed only what's done for Christ will last so this was up at the whole him here but yeah just one of the songs that he wrote that is still remember today oh sure the okay 1892 so this is when Amy Carmichael was serving she began her time in missions so she was born in Ireland and in 1892 she applied to the China inland mission so this if you remember China inland mission was started by Hudson Taylor because he wanted to take the gospel into the interiors of China so far a lot of the missions had been happening on the coastal areas because that's where people could reach easily right by ship you could reach the coast and you could reach the people on the coast but he wanted to take the gospel into the interiors of China and so he'd started this mission and Amy had wanted to join the mission because she was not very well they was not accepted into the China inland mission so after that she spent two years in Japan and Sri Lanka and then in 1895 she came to South India and established an orphanage in Donabur Tamil Nadu so after she arrived in India she actually never returned home so she spent 55 years serving in India and this orphanage specifically cared for young girls so they would rescue temple prostitutes and bring them to the orphanage and take care yeah and take care of them so these were young girls who had been forced into prostitution so she started this orphanage for those girls and spent 55 years here so the mission that orphanage still is present in South India and her work continues then her name or the the name of the orphanage oh I don't know the name of the orphanage but I was looking it up I don't think we can look it up and see not sure the name of it yeah someone can look it up feel free what's it oh yeah and when asked what is missionary life like Amy responded missionary life is simply a chance to die so that was her heart was to give her whole life for missions okay so with that we come to the beginning of the healing revival we know that 1906 was the Azusa Street revival and that was when Pentecostalism really grew but before that there were lots of people who had already been talking about healing and there were lots of moves of God in different places starting this thing of revealing to people that God still heals God still does miracles and so this is a list of all the people who contributed to what happened in 1906 so 1847 to 1907 there's someone named John Alexander Dowey who is from Scotland and he studied in the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and while he was there he learned about healing he there was someone named Edward Irving who had talked about he talked against cessationist theology so said that miracles are still for today healings the gifts of the spirit are still for today so while he was in this university studying he came across this teaching and it kind of impacted him so he went to Australia where his family was already there he went back to join them in Australia and then started to pastor a church there as he was pastoring the church there was a disease that was spreading across where their church was and lots of people within the church started to die so he prayed for protection over the church and from that time on no one in church died when that happened he he recognized that okay this was something that God had done and he started to talk about healing more and he finally stopped pastoring that church and started to travel teaching about healing teaching that sickness was from Satan and sickness is to be resisted and he actually became quite powerful and quite impactful in the work that he was doing he moved to the US he established a church there but somehow in between he got very kind of deceived or he lost track of what he was doing he established a city that was called Zion and within that people could come in and live there he owned all of the property in that place so anyone who was staying there would be paying him rent kind of would be paying for the land and all the money was going into a bank that was there and then he would use the money for all of the work that he was doing but he was not using it wisely so he kind of used more than that was there so bad financial stewardship he saw himself as the third Elijah so there was Elijah John the Baptist and he thought he was the successor to them so his teaching became a little like very very deceived and kind of misled a lot of people so although he did a lot of powerful work as one of the like like right at the start with healing talking about healing and impacting a lot of people and many people were impacted by him who later on became people who moved in this healing who were part of the healing movement he also brought a lot of doubt into this healing ministry because of these things that he did on the other hand 1844 to 1924 there was a lady named Maria Woodward Woodworth Etter so she had a very hard beginning so her parents died when she was very young after she got married five of her six children died and she herself was very very sick so she prayed to God and said if you heal me then I will serve you for the rest of my life and I will go into ministry and while she was sick she had a lot of visions of children in heaven and the lost suffering in hell so that those visions kind of led her to pray about God healing her so that she could serve him so God healed her and she also asked God for the same apostolic power that the disciples had so she was baptized in the Holy Spirit and she says about that time it felt like liquid fire and there were angels all around so she was filled powerfully with the Holy Spirit and through that actually her preaching was just empowered by the Holy Spirit she would go out and preach and many people would be saved just in one meeting she established a huge church in the US with 8,000 seater tent so these were for tent meetings there were 8,000 people who could sit in that tent and attend her meetings so she had a huge impact as well. Smith Wigglesworth we already covered Anthony talked about him Lillian B. Yeomans was from Canada USA so she has an interesting story she was a medical doctor okay and she gave up her medical work to start to minister to people but while she was doing medicine with her sister she got very addicted to drugs herself and she started to depend heavily on these drugs to the extent that she was completely bedridden she couldn't she couldn't do the work that she had to do and she wasn't able to get out of that addiction because as soon as it was stopped she would go into withdrawal and there was fear that she would die because she was so dependent on the drugs so she went to this first person John Dowey we talked about one of his healing houses and as she was there she would have long periods of time when she was just alone by herself in her room and so at that time she started to read scripture and as she read scripture she saw that scripture talks so much about healing right from Genesis through the Old Testament into the New Testament she saw that healing was in every part of scripture and she started to believe that God would heal her because this is what she saw in scripture and she started to pray about it and suddenly she realized that she was completely free of the addiction she was no longer dependent on it and recognizing that her whole her own healing had come just from God's word inspired her then to give up medicine and start to teach about healing so she then went into ministry as a teacher on healing and along with her sister who was also medical doctor both of them started ministry John G. Lake is what roughly will cover next week so we'll skip that we go to Fred Francis Bossworth from the USA so he was a healing evangelist what's that sorry oh okay Fred Francis Bossworth okay so he was a healing evangelist so basically he would take the gospel and along with preaching the gospel he would also there would also be healings and miracles taking place in his meetings so he wrote a book called Christ the healer which was published in 1924 that book even today is considered one of the classic books on healing in charismatic and Pentecostal circles in the 1930s he also started a radio program which basically was to take the gospel to people so radio evangelism was pioneered by him now we don't see that a lot in India but in the US and in other parts of the world being able to preach the gospel through the radio this was something that he started Amy Semple McPherson was from Canada so she was a very gifted speaker right from when she was young and but she was not a believer and so her father invited her to go listen to a young preacher who was there in their town and his name was Robert Semple she went to hear him preach and was impacted by what he said and so she started to seek God for herself eventually she got married to Robert Semple and they went as missionaries to China because he felt called to be a missionary and so she went along with him to China but just within two months of going to China he fell sick and died and she was pregnant at the time and gave birth to a baby just a month later she couldn't continue obviously in China without him there and so she returned to the US and got remarried but she fell very very sick during that time and she felt that during that time God was still calling her back to serve him she had already felt that right at the start before she married Robert Semple but during that sickness she felt that God was calling her and so she finally gave up and she said okay I will serve you and immediately she got better so it was that rejection of God's call that had kind of brought sickness upon her so she she got better and then she began to preach the gospel in 1915 she was baptized in the Holy Spirit and that completely transformed her ministry she began to travel constantly and there were thousands of healings miracles in her meetings she started a Bible school she started radio broadcasts and she founded the International Church of the Four Square Gospel so this church now has more than 66,000 meeting places around the world so God used her powerfully she had a lot of her own personal struggles and challenges and all of that but God still used her powerfully to impact the church even today so that was from the early 1900s okay okay now we reach yeah 1902 present day present day church 1900 we have Charles Fox Paahim so he was an evangelist he was traveling around preaching the word and he was he visited various ministries so you see John Alexander Dowey that first person we read about and then A.B. Simpson, A.J. Gordon, Frank Sanford so all of these people were people who had taught about the Holy Spirit and talked about the gifts of the Spirit and healing specifically after visiting all of these places he became convinced that he personally needed the Holy Spirit he needed the Holy Spirit to be poured out on him but he had that desire for a long time even before he'd visited these ministries after this he was more convinced of it but there was nothing much that happened even though he had that desire 1900 he started the Bethel Bible College in Topeka, Kansas and while he was he was leading a group of 40 students there three days before 1901 so before New Year's Eve he was traveling and he asked the students while he's traveling to read through the Book of Acts and look at what happens when the Holy Spirit comes so what evidence do we have that someone is baptized in the Holy Spirit and so he left on his travels and when he came back the students said what we can see in scriptures is that people speak in tongues most of the instances in in the Book of Acts when people were filled with the Holy Spirit was that they began to speak in tongues and so they as a student body and with him began to pray as the New Year was starting so this was just the day of the last year of 90 last day of 1900 and they were praying and at around 11 p.m. one of the students Agnes Wiseman asked him to pray for her pray that she would begin to speak in tongues he was a little hesitant because he himself didn't speak in tongues and he'd never experienced baptism of the Holy Spirit but because she wanted so badly for him to pray for her he prayed and she began to speak in Chinese as he prayed for her and for the next three days she was only speaking in Chinese so after that once she started speaking tongues the rest of the student body spent the next three days in prayer and on January 3rd there was outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon the whole student body and all of them began to speak in tongues including Charles Paahim and so this place became that Bethel College became place where people were coming in to see what God was doing they were going out and preaching in churches about what God was doing but in fall of that year the college had to close so Paahim started to travel and talk to churches talk to people about what God had done here and what God still wants to do in the church later on in 1905 he started a similar Bible school in Houston and William J. Seymour so we'll hear about him in the Azusa Street revival he was one of the students at this college in Houston and so his introduction to the baptism of the Holy Spirit was in the college that Charles Paahim started. 1904 to 1905 we'll just look briefly at the Welsh revival because we'll be looking at it in more detail in the next chapter so this is considered one of the greatest revivals because of how widely it spread not only from not only in Wales but from Wales to other places it started with a man named Evan Roberts speaking to a group of youth and as he spoke the Holy Spirit moved in that meeting and that move of the Holy Spirit spread all over Wales and many other parts of the world in about six months in Wales alone there were about hundred thousand people converted and the society itself was impacted powerfully through this move the way things happen the way practices within society all of that changed completely because God moved through this time we look at what all happened in the next chapter okay so the next few people are all things we covered in our student presentation so John Hyde Pandita Ramabai Azusa Street revival William Seymour and then Sadhu Sundar's thing we looked at all of them in the student presentations we moved to 1906 Thomas Ball Barrett so he was from Norway and started preaching at age 17 he was later ordained with the Methodist Episcopal Church of Norway as the Azusa Street revival was happening in California he was impacted through that through hearing about the Azusa Street revival so 1902 he founded the Oslo City Mission 1906 he toured America Rays Fund so Oslo is in Norway and he was doing missions there so he started this organization but then they needed funds to run the organization so he went to the US in 1906 that is when the Azusa Street revival broke out he went there to raise funds for the work that he was doing in Norway and he was not able to raise funds but he was in a completely different state in a different part of the US when the Azusa Street revival was happening in California so he was in New York in his hotel room and suddenly he was baptized in the Holy Spirit in his hotel room while he was there and so there's a description of what happened it was a supernatural light like a cloven tongue descended over his head and he received the Spirit and began to speak in other tongues he felt he spoke in seven or eight languages just based on the sounds that were coming out of his mouth he felt in that time that he spoke seven to eight languages so that is how powerfully God was moving at that time to be in a completely different place not at all connected with what was happening in Azusa Street but for the Holy Spirit to reach him there in his hotel room in whatever work that he was doing so from there in December he returned to Norway and through his return revival spread in Norway and in September 1907 he went to England and there was revival in England many were baptized in the Spirit and there was a Pentecostal revival that started in England as well so yeah he's called the Pentecostal Apostle to Northern Western Europe because he kind of carried it from the US to Europe so when he went back to Norway there was a preacher from England named A.A. Body he was an Anglican priest so the Anglican Church is a much more traditional it was something in between the Catholic and the Methodist Church is what the Anglican Church was so they definitely didn't practice the gifts of the Spirit and all of that was still new to the Church so he was an Anglican priest and he was visiting Norway and he met with Thomas Barrett and asked him to go to Norway because he was convinced that what was happening in Norway was genuinely God's move and move of the Holy Spirit so he invited him back and when he went back to when he went to his church in England revival spread there as well and from his city Sunderland England revival spread in all of England so people started to come to Sunderland to experience God's move it was a small town but it became the center of revival for England and this is where Smith Wigglesworth received the Holy Spirit baptism so we looked at Smith Wigglesworth I think Anthony did Smith Wigglesworth but he received the Holy Spirit baptism here. So 1907 now we're moving out of the western part of the world into other areas in which revival has happened we look at the Korean revival now Korea has had a lot of revivals over many years we see the list there 1903, 1905, 1907, 1927 to 1929 and all of these revivals have impacted how the church is run today prayer has become an integral part of the church thousands of people gather for weekly prayers and people go and spend days praying in the prayer mountains so how revival started if you look at this place the city of Pyongyang it's actually in North Korea in present-day North Korea but this is where the revival started in 1907 and Pyongyang is now the capital of North Korea so there was in 1906 there was someone named Howard Agnew Johnston and he took news about the awakenings in Wales and in India to the missionaries in Korea he told them what's been happening in Wales and in India and he kind of encouraged them to seek the same kind of thing in Korea and so they begin to pray they began to pray for God's spirit to move there so we heard about Jonathan Goforth right who is part of the Manchurian revival so Jonathan Goforth was also in Korea for some time and he was in Korea during this time of the revival he talked about and he said they honored God and appreciated the gift of the Holy Spirit by meeting the church for prayer at five o'clock not five o'clock every evening but every morning through the fall and winter of 1906 1907 so they met for months every day at five o'clock in the morning as a church seeking the Holy Spirit they honored God the Holy Spirit by six months of prayer and then he came as a flood so he began the Holy Spirit moved in power during one of these meetings and as he moved people started to just weep because they come under conviction of their own sin they started to weep they started to confess their sins falling on the ground just crying crying out in repentance and as God was doing that there was also reconciliation happening there were people like standing up they would confess their sins and then everyone would respond crying or weeping asking God for forgiveness there were people who would stand up and talk about something they had against another person another brother or sister in the church and there would be reconciliation that was happening between people within the church even between leaders so a lot of healing happened a lot of reconciliation a lot of release from unforgiveness and hatred and within five years the church grew powerfully so from 1906 to 1910 there were about 79,000 people who were added to the Korean church so even today prayer is very very important among Koreans they meeting early in the morning for prayer meeting as a church for prayer going individually like we saw here and they have mountains where people will go and pray in the mountains for days so all of those things come out of these revivals okay so this revival in Manchuria not China's what Prince covered we go to 1909 Willis Hoover so you remember the the revival in Pandita Ramabai's children's home right so this that when that revival was happening there was someone in many Abraham Abrams was working with Pandita Ramabai so she was present with her and she witnessed everything that happened she was an American Methodist missionary and she wrote from whatever she witnessed happening in that school she wrote an account of it she wrote a book called the baptism of the Holy Ghost and fire and that book shared about all that she had experienced all that she had seen happen in the home she shared that book with someone named Mary Anne Hoover who was also someone who had studied with her at Modi Bible Institute and Mary Anne Hoover and her husband were Methodist missionaries in Chile so they were serving there and she shared this book with them as they read it they were inspired to seek God for such a move in the churches in Chile and so they started to pray about it and they started to teach in the churches about revival about the Holy Spirit moving and the church started to pray for revival in 1909 there was a revival that broke out in Chile and basically spread to many churches so today most of the churches in Chile are Pentecostal churches and to think that that had its roots in India because it started with Pandit Ramabai's home here and so how God can move across nations right one story in one place in a small children's home moving from here to another nation and impacting the church like even today right so how the church functions today is impacted by that one happening in 19 in the 1900s okay so 1914 the American assemblies of God was formed so the Azusa Street revival had spread and Pentecostalism had grown worldwide and so they felt this need for the church to be a little more organized and for there to be accountability within this Pentecostal movement and so the assemblies of God was formed by people who were part of the Pentecostal movement they came together and so the four things that they were they wanted to focus on were promote unity and doctrinal stability establish legal so that be recognized as a church coordinate missions so missionaries that were going out from Pentecostal church for them to be able to oversee that and be able to send out missionaries and then establish a ministerial training school so those were the four things that the A.G. Church focused on okay 1927 to 1939 I think we just have a few more minutes we go back to China and look at revival that happened there so there were a couple of missionaries Pentecostal missionaries who had gone out into China so 1907 there was a couple that had gone T. James and Annie Macintosh and they served for about a year in China after that in October 19 or 7 Alfred and Lillian Gare went as missionaries to Hong Kong so as Pentecostal missionaries were going into China this there was a revival that broke out but it broke out across denominations and I was reading that the Baptist missionaries were the ones who have recorded the most about this revival so they talked about how God was moving and that that time the Baptist church was very staunchly cessationist so they didn't believe in the gifts of the Holy Spirit they didn't believe that though that was still present in the church but they themselves recorded about this revival and talked about how the Holy Spirit was moving and those missionaries started to preach about being filled with the Holy Spirit and receiving healing through the Holy Spirit because they were so impacted by the revival that happened in China so there was evangelism there was healing so evangelism started to happen spontaneously people would form small groups and go out taking the gospel to other parts of China there was healing there was repentance of people turning away from sin so this started in 1932 in Shandong you can see it on the map there and then from there spread into other parts of China in 1949 is when China closed its doors and all missionaries were sent out of China but by that time in 1949 there were about five million Christians in mainland China from 1949 till today it's estimated that the church has grown to about 75 million so from 5 million to 75 million huge growth in the church and that mainly happened through house churches that started to spring up because of persecution so it was easier to meet secretly and so they would meet as house churches and the house church movement has spread across China and people have come to the Lord in spite of persecution and in spite of not having a lot of support from the outside Christian world it's mostly been the locals who have taken the gospel who have grown spiritually and the church has grown that way it's thought that China now has the largest number of charismatic Christians in Asia okay it close with this last one 1934 William Cameron Townsend so he everyone knows about Wycliffe Bible Translators so he was the founder of Wycliffe Bible Translators 1942 he founded in 1934 the Summer Institute of Linguistics 1948 a missionary air service called the jungle aviation and radio services so his main his main desire was to take the Bible to people in their own language and this is a quote from him the greatest missionary is the Bible in the mother tongue it needs no furlough and is never considered a foreigner so that's what inspired him to say that the best way to reach people is to give them the Bible in their own language if they have that then even if missionary they're not present the Bible itself will impact them so yeah that is William Townsend so I was also reading just to add since we just talked about William Townsend and the Bible being translated the Korean revival so Korea was completely closed off to Christianity before all of these missionaries went in in the 1900s so this was in the late 1800s and was completely closed off so I don't have the names of these missionaries and I will get their names for you but there was one man who was he was 27 years old and he was serving in China but had a heart to go to Korea with the gospel so he learned Korean while he was in China and he became a translator so he said he would go to China with the Americans and be a translator for them so using this opportunity to go and work in a diplomatic role he took Bibles in the Chinese language to secretly smuggle them in as he was going to Korea so these Americans went in boats to Korea but there was no diplomatic relationship at all so they were actually not at all welcome Korea was completely closed off to outsiders but they wanted to go and begin trade and so he was going with them to kind of use this as an opportunity to take the Bible to them so wherever he could whenever he met any Koreans any boats that they were coming cross he would give them these Bibles but finally as they were making their journey to Korea there it became a little bit basically there was some violence because the Americans were going on a diplomatic thing they were not going with any Christian or any evangelistic purpose and so they started to shoot people in the Korean on Korean land and the Korean sent out boats with fire into this into their boat that was going and their boat basically burst into flames so while that was happening this guy through all of the Bibles how many ever Bibles he could he started throw it onto the land he took three Bibles in his hand and jumped into the water and went on land but he was killed pretty much immediately he went there he was like pleading and trying to give them the Bible and all of that and he got killed so 27 year old he was killed there but years later when the first missionary went to Korea he actually met people who had got these Bibles that this man had taken and had one person who had actually read that Bible so many times that when he told him about the gospel he was already ready to receive Christ because he had read it so that's the power that what we're talking about William Townsend having the Bible in your own language is is the greatest missionary so yeah close with that story to south north is completely close I mean thank you all for joining online


Russian government is no longer capable of protecting its population from war. The latest events in the Russian Federation, in particular drone attacks on Moscow and the acceleration of conscription into the army, show that the Kremlin is no longer capable of protecting its population from war according to United Kingdom Intelligence. The intelligence says that currently the priority task for the Russian authorities is to introduce changes to the legislation that will allow more men to be drafted into the army more quickly. The intelligence recalls that in mid-July, the State Duma of the Russian Federation raised the maximum conscription age from 27 to 30 years and left the minimum age at 18 years. Although the conscripts are not currently serving in Ukraine, they relieve professional and mobilized soldiers from other duties inside Russia, the intelligence added. On the 24th of July 2023, President Putin signed a bill, gradually raising the upper age limit for those subject to conscription as reservists. Senior officers can now be mobilized up to 70. In the autumn of 2022, the reservists were included in the number of partially mobilized and now they can ensure a faster increase in the number of people participating in combat operations in Ukraine. The increased chance of being compelled to fight drone attacks on Moscow, exceptional level of domestic repression and the recent Wagner Mutiny combine to highlight that the Russian state's failure to insulate the population from the war, the message reads.


Hello everyone, I am Swathi Ghargay, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering from Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur. Topic for today's session is Introduction to Remote Sensing. Learning outcome of this session. At the end of this session, learner will be able to define remote sensing, explain component of remote sensing and explain types of remote sensing. Remote sensing is nothing but the scanning of the object. So remote sensing is used to obtain information about an object without making physical contact. So from the distance collect the data regarding object that technology is called as remote sensing. Remote sensing use electromagnetic radiation ranging from short wavelength to long wavelength. Short wavelength example is ultraviolet rays and the microwaves is the example of long wavelength. Now we will see the components of remote sensing. This is the image I have taken from the internet. In that image all the process of remote sensing is explained nicely. See here sun, it is the main source of energy. The sun rays are falling on the object. Here it is the object is nothing but the surface of the earth and that reflected rays captured by the sensor of satellite and then it capture the image and then that image is sent for the another source for the removal of any error. If error is not there then it directly send to the source which is on ground that is called as the ground source and this is nothing but the transmission of that image or this is called as the process. And then all the collected data is analyzed here and after analysis all the information should be available and that available information is used in the various field that is nothing but the application of that field. So here C, A is the source of energy, B is nothing but the radiations and D is the sensor, C is the object which is going to scan and E is the transmission of that image from one source to another source and F it is the analysis done and then after analysis the available information is used in various field. So G is the application. So these are the components of remote sensing. See here sensor or the satellite itself it is a source of energy and see the radiations are falling from the satellite also. So there are two source, one sun is the source and one is the satellite itself it is a source of the energy. Now see types of remote sensing, there are two types of remote sensing. Number one passive remote sensing and second is active remote sensing. Active remote sensing, sun is the source of energy. Reflection of sunlight is detected by the sensor. What is the disadvantages of passive remote sensing? It works in only day time, it does not work in a night time so this is the disadvantages. Active remote sensing, satellite or aircraft is a source of energy, a signal is emitted by a satellite or aircraft and its reflection by the object is detected by the sensor. The picture shows the passive remote sensing and the active remote sensing. In the first image sun rays are falling on earth and the reflected rays are captured by the sensor in satellite. So this is for the energy sun is used so it is called as the passive remote sensing and here in the second image rays are falling from the satellite itself and that reflected rays the sensor of satellite is capturing. This is called as the active remote sensing. Now you pause the video here and answer the question. Option is satellite emitted a signal and reflection by object is detected by sensor. Then such a type of remote sensing is called as options are positive remote sensing, negative remote sensing, active remote sensing, passive remote sensing. You pause the video and answer the question. Here is the answer. If the satellite itself emitted a signal then it is playing a role of source. So this is called as the active remote sensing. So correct answer is active remote sensing. Now we will see the application of remote sensing. The remote sensing is widely used in all the fields. Few examples I have shown here remote sensing technologies have been applied widely in climate change detection, environmental monitoring, flood prediction, agriculture, resource exploration, mapping etc. Whenever there is a changes in a climate that certain changes captured by the sensor and it is delivered to the ground source and this is utilized for the climate changes detection. Same the flood prediction also can be done with the help of remote sensing and to develop map the remote sensing is commonly used. This vision is much more beyond the human vision. Now see one of the applications of remote sensing that is the global positioning system. Many of you are familiar with this global positioning system because it is there in the smart phone also. Now see how it works. The first satellite is generating some information that particular object is at a distance from the satellite. And it is derived by velocity and time distance formula. From that available information so it is generated that whatever the distance given by the first source that is first satellite but on this circle that object may anywhere. So only the information from one satellite is not sufficient. So there must be a second source of satellite. So with the help of second source of satellite it is generated some information regarding distance. So see here there are two common points of first information and the second information say the first point is A and the second point is B means the object may be on position A or the B. So there are two possibilities so this is also insufficient. So we need information from the third source. So use the third satellite and use that information given by the third satellite. So by referring that information it is confirmed that B is the correct position of the object. So minimum three satellites are required for two dimensional fix. But for three dimensional fix minimum four satellites are required. Why? Because satellite captured an image, satellite received rays and then it is forwarded to the some another source. At what time it capture the image and at what time it is sending it. So it takes some time. So time constraint we need a fourth satellite for the confirmation. So for three dimensional fix minimum four satellites are required. So this is just for the information four satellites must be visible from any point on the planet and the satellites are arranged into six orbital planes. The minimum number of satellites needed to provide full coverage at location on earth is 24. So you remember this is the common information regarding satellites in remote sensing. These are my references. Thank you very much for the listening.


Well, wasn't that amazing? Let's have a massive round of applause for all our awesome keynote speakers. I'm so happy that we've been able to be here in person today, and it's been such a pleasure to watch this program grow and to watch this conference grow into what we've seen over the last two days. Thank you all so much for attending this week. I hope we are able to connect with others and to be able to take this experience also back home with you. Don't forget to join us for our tag security meetup during lunch in Hall 6CE, and come join us and get to know more about tag security members, as well as the ongoing work that we have. It has been an honor to serve as co-chair for this event and to work with Liz and Brandon. We hope to see you next time. Breakouts start again at 11 a.m., so be sure to check out the rest of the talks recommended by Tag Security this afternoon. You can find these in all breakout sessions on schedule.com. Thank you. Thank you so much.