Hello, good afternoon everybody. This is an NFE talk, and the topic is increasing infrastructure efficiency via optimized NFE placement in OpenStack Clouds and our team. So I'm Ramke from Brookheath City of Office, and here we have Debo from Cisco Cloud City of Office, and Yeti from Cisco Cloud City of Office. And our goal is to drive innovative open source solutions specifically for NFE with OpenStack. So what does this talk about? You might have heard Toby Ford from AD&T talk about NFE a couple of days back on Tuesday 13th. The key message he would like to deliver is these. Essentially the worlds of IT and Telco are converging together, and the Telco Cloud OpenStack is the infrastructure foundation. And with that, our goal is to transform OpenStack to a carrier grade NFE cloud solution, and we'll deep dive into some high level gaps that still be identified, and we also plan to demo some initial progress on this front. So with that, the agenda for today is quick NFE summary. I will focus on a specific cloud NFE use case, and our goal is to drive some innovative ideas through efficient resource placement strategies. I'll propose some extensions to OpenStack scheduler to achieve this, and a quick conclusion. So what is NFE?  So the idea is to transform from the classic network, network appliances, say hardware-based firewalls, BRAS, into a virtualized network appliances which can run on general-purpose hardware, you know, Intel-based or ARM-based, anything, and drive operational OPEX and CAPEX savings. And also, not just that, it's also the increased automation which would drive, but use of virtualized appliances which would drive OPEX savings and also faster time to market. Besides OPEX and CAPEX savings, the operator's goal is also to enable new business models and value-added services. And as you can see, if you're virtualizing an equipment like BRAS, that means you're also touching something like a telco-central office. So it's no more just the large-scale data-central game, in fact, your central office is becoming a small data center. And also, some operators are looking at data centers in the base station, mobile base station, those really mini data centers. So with NFE, you can see that the data centers are stretching much beyond the current definition of the large-scale or hyper-scale data centers to the distributed data centers like central offices or data center, the base station. And that's the interesting angle in which things are proceeding with NFE, which is quite different from your classic hyper-scale data centers. Now, let's look at a specific NFE use case, NFE infrastructure service. So the motivation is, primary motivation is network functions in the cloud. So today, you must know quite very well about this infrastructure, classic infrastructure service, which is offered by cloud service providers. And essentially, it's about compute and storage, opened up compute and storage model. And network as a service, which is offered by service providers, which is focused on VAN. And the whole goal of combining both with NFE is trying to leverage, for example, NFE infrastructure of another service provider and increase resiliency, reduce latency for 3D and use cases, and also address regulatory requirements, especially for energy efficiency. So if you look at where we are today with such a service, compute and storage are treated independent of network and there are no energy efficiency considerations. So this means it's just randomly just combining them and calling it NFE IAS without maximizing the service value because it's still not anything joint. It's disparate, but combined in a single name. And that just wanted to quickly get into what this NAS is. Some of you may already be familiar with this. So if you look at essentially what NAS is, network as a service, one of the common use cases is about bandwidth on demand across VAN. In a sense, if you have some workloads like disaster recovery or on-demand backup, so instead of dedicating bandwidth across VAN, essentially the idea is do dynamic allocation of bandwidth when bandwidth is really needed and then release it later. And the big advantage is, since VAN bandwidth is precious, you can achieve substantial bandwidth savings, especially for elastic jobs like backup or DR. That's the primary benefit. And typically MPLS is used for doing bandwidth on demand. And now, so with NFE IAS, I give you an overview and essentially how compute and storage is still treated decouple from network. So in this model, so let's see where we really want to get to in this, to extract the combined value. So we want to get to somewhere much beyond VAN, bandwidth savings and essentially get to a model of optimal resource placement across data centers. And like I said, it's not just the large-scale data centers, hyperscale data centers, even the distributed, smaller or mini data centers in the edge of the network. And the goal is to increase energy efficiency while maintaining multi-tenant fairness and improving performance. And this would drive CAPEX and OPEC savings, improve a qualitative experience, and address regulatory requirements, especially for energy efficiency. And the popular use cases are disaster recovery, on-demand backup across VAN, and virtual ICDN, especially content prepositioning, where we want to make sure that, you know, well, the content is closer to the user at the data center, which is very close to the edge. Essentially, if you're keeping content in a mobile-based station, it's proximal to the user and you can improve the qualitative experience. So in this, specifically for NFE IAS, let's look at some of the energy efficiency issues today. So if you look at power usage in data centers, and especially as we are transforming to NFE, it's all about servers, and servers are the biggest consumption of energy. And if you look at server-powered profiles, as you can see here, they're heavily non-linear. The 45% of peak power, 20% of off-world load, and notably, the biggest one is around the idle state, sorry, where you can see that approximately one-third of the power is being consumed in the active idle. So this fundamentally means that it's extremely inefficient to keep servers powered on under low load conditions. If you have nothing to do in a server, it's good to just power it off rather than giving it an active idle, waiting to receive load. So and this is all clearly depicted here. What I talked about these numbers are from spec benchmark results for HP Proline server. So this issue is quite public and well-known. So I'll hand it over to Debo to explain on how we get that with OpenStack and the huge opportunity. Thanks, Ramki. So as Ramki has mentioned all the NFE use cases and how optimized resource placement is getting important, in fact, so we would also mention that in a stock. So all that is from a very high-level perspective, we know the requirements, that these are the things that we need to do as a community with an OpenStack. But how do we get there? And the way we get there is taking very small steps, but before telling you what are the small steps that we've taken, consider the following workflow. For example, if you say there is an application that's sitting on top of an NFE solution and typically the NFE solution will have its own API which we will not get into because it's at a much higher level compared to OpenStack. And if you look at the diagram to your right-hand side, there'll be a lot of components of the NFE solution. One of the components is a infrastructure virtualization layer where OpenStack is poised to play a huge role. In fact, it's one of the most commonly depicted blocks. So imagine, now imagine a customer, NFE customer, submits a job request, say a backup with some kind of constraints on elasticity windows and other constraints. There could be many constraints, network constraints, business constraints, different rules. And you have to encode these constraints in a reasonable format. Obviously all those questions are still open. But eventually what happens is it traverses through this stack and then it goes to the OpenStack API. Namely the schedule, it could be the OpenStack API which would then hand over the request to the scheduler API. And the scheduler API, assume that we have a fancy scheduler called the solver scheduler. We'll talk about it in great details. What this fancy scheduler needs to do is the following. It needs to figure out, basically it needs to figure out what is the system state. And once it figures out what the system state is, it makes an intelligent decision on where the resources should be placed and not only where but even when the resources should be placed because suppose you're trying to schedule a backup, it's sometime in the future. And then it collects, once it's decided the exact schedule, it returns back to the NFV business logic in the provider and the provider then sends back to the NFV customer. Now as a side effect, it could also trigger other events. For example, it could trigger an entire workload that would finish one job and start the next based on timing, it could also trigger events that will power down certain servers and so on and so forth. But essentially what needs to be done in OpenStack is, I mean the simplest thing that we need to do as a community is to ensure that the NFV applications, a stack, can actually dictate its requirements to OpenStack in a meaningful way. So we need a very crisp definition of the API, the contract or the contract between the NFV layers and the virtual infrastructure layer. That is absent today. Once you have the contract, I mean, in addition to the contract required, you would like to figure out a way how you could have a smarter scheduler that can actually consume these requirements of the NFV layers and do intelligent placement of workloads. And I think in that particular step, we have some things. I mean, in fact that we've shown that you could do smart scheduler in OpenStack even with existing, even with existing NOVA, but like even in ISOs and that without disrupting the architecture. In fact, we could not only do smart scheduler, we could do smart scheduler using cross services, we're using both network storage and compute constraints. And we'll go over some of that. In fact, when we presented this in the previous summit, there was a lot of interest. However, the killer app was still not very clear to the community. I feel that now we see a real killer app. And essentially what we would like to do is to have a smart scheduler in OpenStack that will use analytics, possibly big data analytics if your entire system is large scale and distributed to determine the current state of the OpenStack deployment. And once you know the current state, then we use resource management techniques or like optimization, et cetera, to pick up resources based on the constraints that the application has given us through the API, which today doesn't exist, but assume that API exists. And the current system state. So that's our goal. And in the scheme of things, what we have done today is we have, we have the smart scheduler that my colleague Yati is gonna talk about. And we've pushed in, for this release, we have an API extension in Nova called the server group which we believe that we can expand and encode a bunch of these constraints. So with that, Yati. Hi, thanks, Tevo and Ramke. So going forward, as a possible solution that we can use to address this use case of NFV, we propose this, actually we propose this in the ISOs design summit and we are actually working, it's an ongoing work. So to give you an idea, what we need is a smart resource placement engine which can actually take in this request from the top. So, and in terms of tenant APIs, what I mentioned here as rules and policies, what I mentioned is like all the NFV consumer requests that come in using a clear cut, clearly defined API, those rules and policies, whatever is requested from the top needs to be translated into some sort of constraints which will be used along with the global states. And this global states could be, we could also use, like Tevo mentioned, we could use some analytics to get, derive some of these metrics. And in addition to that, what we need here which is currently lacking is a way to do cross services. So what we want is constraints that include networks, storage, compute, energy, et cetera. So we want to unify the constraints so that we can come up with an optimal decision. So all these kind of feed into this smart placement engine. And what we propose here is that we can use really fast implementations of Apache license, third party, solver libraries so that we can, we can actually compute this optimal placement. And to give you more details, what we propose is the solver scheduler. So this has an intelligent placement engine. So to give you an idea, a user, what we're trying to do is, is actually to maximize performance or to minimize all the costs. So if we define this as a mathematical problem using all these various costs that you want to minimize and various constraints that come from network, compute, storage, energy, we want to ultimately use this smart engine to come up with a scheduling decision for optimal placement of resources. And we can use the various energy profile, server states and the network link capacities and the system capacities as all that feed into making this computation. So this is our brief idea and it is very complex. So this is an example of how a really smart mathematical problem looks like. So I don't want to bore you guys and get into the details of this, but just to give you an idea, this is what we're trying to say about smart placement. So in the next two minutes, I think I'm going to show you a quick demo. So we actually use the scenario of compute and storage affinity as one of the requirements to make optimal placements as a use case here. And comparing it to NFE use cases, this could be very much applicable for backup services or seeding services where you want to place the service VM close to the storage. So in this particular setup that I have here, imagine there are three hosts there and two of the hosts in one of the racks has these volumes installed, the demo volume one and demo volume two. And I'm trying to place a request to say, no, I'm making a compute request here. So I want to create two VMs. So I'm placing a request saying that give it to VMs which are close to these volumes. So that is what I'm going to show here. And let me quickly show you with the help of a small demo video that I have here. So what I have here is an OpenStack DevStack installation and I have the three hypervisors there, host one, host two, host three. This is my set of servers that I have where I can instantiate VMs. And I need two VMs. And the set of volumes that are there are demo volume one and demo volume two. They are located in host two and host three, like I see. So what I want to see is that can I place a request for two VMs which will ultimately get placed close to or on exactly those hosts so that it's really near, the compute and storage are really near. That is the constraint that I feed into my engine and make a request. So this is a working implementation of a scholar schedule integrated with NOVA without much changes to architecture. This is I'm making a NOVA boot request here for two VMs. And now as you can see here, the VMs get placed in those two hosts. The two instances created are actually on those volumes where I had requested in the NOVA boot request. So yeah, like I said, I think what we, this is just an example of how we can specify a constraint to our solver scheduler and compute storage affinity is just one of the examples but we can use energy and all of this is ongoing work in our team and we are exploring all these options. But this is just to give you a flavor of how a smart scheduler can unify all the constraints across compute, storage, volume, energy and other constraints to give a complete one set of optimal decision. So to conclude, what I would like to say is that NFE is really a killer use case for OpenStack and what I would like to request here is that we have actually proposed a blueprint for solver scheduler and I would like to drive, use this NFE use case as a way to kind of work with the community and try to get this forward and as a matter of fact, like Debo mentioned we have already pushed code for server group API which actually is a first step towards defining APIs which lets you make this complex request with all these constraints and policies defined so that you can actually come up with a group of servers that you can schedule together and in addition we should also look at all the neutron hooks which will give us the network related constraints for making an optimal decision. I would like to conclude here and open up the questions. Can you come to the microphone? Yes, hello. So this constrained optimization, is it having an exposed interface so people can tune it or write their own? Yeah, it is there. So you can actually tune in to feed in constraints, feed in cost, so you can actually feed in your own set of constraints to ultimately solve the problem. Little work inside the NOVA scheduler, NOVA doesn't realize that we've actually shipped the decision-making to the solver. NOVA just thinks that it's the same old scheduler. Right, and this is Keshav from HV.  No, so we assume that the NFV business logic is on top of open stack. The business logic encodes the constraints and makes an open stack API call. And the API call then translates those into scheduler constraints or a scheduler API. Okay, so you are not going to fit in the inside open stack framework? So we are, I mean, the scheduler- I mean, currently the kind of HR requirements or the service-upgradation kind of requirements what the carrier-grade will have. So I agree, maybe we should discuss this offline, but for a large class of constraints that are posed by the NFV use cases we believe that we can encode them into optimization constraints and then solve it and place up optimal resources. But there may be one or two edge constraints. Yeah, I think that's exactly we are trying to solve a constraint-based optimization, rather a framework for constraint-based optimization and NFV as a use case, right? Right, okay. And it's very flexible. It's flexible, you can do whatever. But let's open for a chat. I think we can discuss also. Yeah, hi. Great presentation. I have a question about network optimization part because it seems to me that a lot of times when you place these network functions, what you care about is the relationship between these functions. So I want, for example, five millisecond top between these two NFV VMs that are sitting in different places. You don't necessarily, because telcos come from that point of view that they want, actually sometimes guarantee performance between a set of VMs. So east-west in the data center. So what I wanna ask you is this. First of all, can you explain a little more about how do you work on the network optimization part? What do you exactly are gonna get the information from? And the second thing is that do you really think you can have a solution without doing any measurements? Because to me, it seems like unless you can figure out the rack to rack or host to host bandwidth. Bandwidth? Not bandwidth, actually, it's more than that, right? Because you can actually make MPLS observations and then override it and have some more traffic. So what do you exactly, I mean, there needs to be some sort of feedback loop on what exactly real performance is. Actually, that's a great question. So I'll break down the answers into two parts. One is the network optimization. So when you have dependencies between virtual network functions, you can represent that as a workload topology or a graph or constraints. So from the graph, we can generate these constraints and therefore we will be able to incorporate, we have been able to incorporate dependent, I mean virtual request topologies. Now to address your concern about how do you do measurement and all, and that's where we, so what we've done today until now is using static network distances. So we assume, see our solver is a dependent of the domain of how you encode the network distance. We just assume that you give us a network distance matrix just to go into details. So the way that Neutron can really make this thing into reality is if Neutron has a network distance API by which we could get this virtual traffic matrix, we will be able to feed it into the scheduler, but that doesn't exist today. So we had to do the static thing as a hack to make our demo to work. Yeah, in general, any set of metrics, whether it be real-time dynamic metrics, can be, as long as they're fed into our set of rules which we use while solving the constant optimization problem, I think that is all. Ultimately, this is a framework which can take in any set of, it's a mathematical solver. That is the idea, yeah. But how do you achieve that? We need functions, we need functions that provide us those metrics and those can be fed into the framework. So just to add, I think, specifically in the use cases, that's why you took a use case which is more delet tolerant. The example I explained is more of backup for all those services where it's more elastic and you have more flexibility in placing your VMs or anything and storage across data centers. Those are the easier ones to tackle versus some hard kind of, you have some latency jitter constraints. So you have to break it down to use case basis and then start addressing these problems. But our constraints, I mean, do model it, model it. But our constraints themselves as Ethy Debo explained it extremely flexibly when latency could be a constraint. Anything could be a constraint, so. Gentlemen, commendable job and congratulate you for the, at least picking up one piece out of the number of questions for NFVs there. So you have looked at scheduler as one part and enhancing. So there are control plane data plane separation, then the performance at the network layer and then performance at the storage layer, then the latency and QOS, there is plenty of that. So given all that, do you not think that we need to have a broader consideration at top down as a NFV API or API on open stack for NFV in per se, so that you can address path piece by piece. And do you think that you will work with other organizations to do that? So of course, I think it's a very big problem that cannot be solved by a bunch of. Yeah, go ahead. So independent of what API we designed at the NFV layer at the higher layer, the problems that we are trying to tackle will not go away. So we wanted to build, we wanted to tackle some of the core very fundamental building blocks that will be unchanged because the discussion of the NFV API layer is a huge one. And I personally believe that we are not going to have any convergence soon. No, there is no need to be convergence, you can be defective. I don't believe that there will be convergence in NFV, in NFV, in SAR, NFV, so we are happy to work with any group of people. That's why I ask you, do you want to work with other people to get there faster? In fact, just to highlight, we had actually talked about it in this slide, the application information, that's the open API. So yes, and it's a very broad context and there is a lot to do from getting application information, but we zoomed in on specific aspects. Yeah. And exactly, and also the project. Be open to work with other competitors and we will make it happen. Absolutely, yeah. It's completely open. No, blueprint is one blueprint. We need 10 blueprints to make that happen. So that's the, and also to answer your question, it's about the argument, the existing server APIs, cross-creditor APIs. That's exactly the proposal. So for example, we have to remember that all servers are not equal in energy efficiency, may not be exactly the same, that's one of the things we'll model. That's it potentially. So it looks like there are two parts to your presentation. One is the API definition and being able to create the hooks so that you can do what you wanted to do. The other part, which is I think is also massive is the analytics that you can build based on the data you collect. Right. I just wanted to get an idea, like you know, are you more focused on the APIs right now or more on the analytics? And then there's a follow-up question if you. Yeah, so as a group, so we are right now not focused on the API per se because we are hoping that the community will jump in and figure out what the right API is. We wanted to show to the community using a specific version of the API, a very simplified API. So we pushed in some server group API. We've done some simple scheduling. We basically pushed code for review for an entire framework and shown some simple examples. And in this summit, we've shown three talks on how you use analytics to figure out system states and use it in the context of visualization. But we believe that these are small pieces of the same big puzzle, but we haven't come up with this big broad API. We feel that that's a community process. Okay, so let me ask the question on the analytics. I think you showed very quickly, I think Yathi passed on one of the foil where you had cost function or the performance function. Yeah, that is the option I mentioned. Have you done a case study where you can share just a quick 30 second some of the accomplishments? Like if you use the cost function, what sort of case study you might have done and proven results or the optimization? Yeah, so we can take this offline and show you the exact demo videos and the slides. We've shown in the summit, we've had three talks on, but just to abstract what you just asked, yes, we can actually use analytics to find out hotspots and in real time. So imagine you can find hotspots in real time. You can actually then use that to give you, to input a traffic matrix into the solver scheduler, which then can be used to figure out where your resources should be placed. For example, if you have a data center with say five racks and there is a Hadoop job running in rack three, there is a hotspot which we can identify independently right now with the analytics. We can then have a scheduling constraints that will avoid rack three. So in the presentation you had to use some numbers. Just wanted to see like, you know, what? Yeah, we can do that offline. We have a lot of data that we can share. Sounds good, thank you. Yeah, any other questions? Okay, thank you. Thank you.


something fascinating, right? Let me just pull up the story. Here's something fascinating that you probably know, I don't know, to me it was new. Space travel is something I think we should be very excited about, supportive of, and excited about in terms of the future. And maybe even think about, well, how do I benefit from this? Financial. So between 1970 and 2000, while the government dominated space travel, the cost of launch a kilogram into space, a kilogram into space was fairly steady from 1972,000. Price did not go down. It was fairly steady. And it averaged about $18,500 per kilo. I don't know how much you weigh, but you can take your body weight and extrapolate what $18,500 is and then figure out how much it would cost to launch you into space. $18,500. The space shuttle that used to take stuff up and down, right? It had a payload of 27,500 kilograms. That cost $1.5 billion. So per kilogram, the shuttle, this great achievements of NASA cost $54,500 per kilogram. So it was actually super expensive, right? Primarily because you had to take humans up and all of that. But to launch satellites, to launch anything into space required on average $18,500 per kilo. And it was fairly static over 40 or 30 years. One of the most important developments in this area, certainly the most important development, or maybe one of the most important developments technologically for the future of mankind, is the fact that basically in the United States, space travel has been privatized. And shockingly, much of this came during the Obama administration. In 2010, Obama was trying to cut NASA's budget. He was trying to cut spending partially pushed into that by ultimately by Republicans in the House. Cutting spending because he wanted to re-prioritize the spending. And Obama basically went to NASA and he was facing two alternatives. One is to increase spending and let NASA dominate space into the future. The other one was to outsource space travel to the private enterprise, where there was Boeing with SpaceX, now Blue Origin from Jeff Bezos. There's also a company called Orbital ATK, which has been purchased by Northrop Grumman. There's United Launch Alliance. So there are a few private enterprises. Boeing, maybe Boeing owns Northrop Grumman. I don't know. But anyway, all these companies have private space programs. And the Trump administration decided that it was not going to give NASA the money. Indeed, it cut NASA's budget dramatically. It was hugely criticized at the time. And it might turn out to be the best thing the Trump administration did for humanity. Because what it did was unleash the private enterprise on space and on sending things out into orbit and ultimately to the moon and to Mars. As I said, there are probably five different companies competing right now to put things into orbit. Satellites, communication satellites, defense satellites, all kinds of stuff like that. Including for foreign countries, not everything is just American. These are going to be international. They will do this for anybody, anywhere. I don't know if anybody, but they will do it for a lot of different people. And you've got all these companies competing. And of course, we know what competition does. We know what the private sector can do. We know what competition does. I wish NASA, instead of being all government-owned in the 1960s, imagine if Kennedy's challenge had not been for the government to develop a program to send man to the moon, but it being the government to maybe even promote the growth in the private sector to send man to the moon. Now, that still would have been non-ideal because the government would have been still involved. But imagine, starting in the 1960s, you would have had six, seven, eight, nine, ten companies competing. You know, Robert Hanline had this great short story where the way you get them incentivized is you give the first company that gets the moon rights over the moon. Mining rights, advertising rights. So I think Coca-Cola gets there and they put a Coca-Cola sign on the moon. I mean, that's a permanent billboard that everybody on the planet can see. And it's pretty spectacular. Anyway, it's the idea of privatization, the idea of competing and using private property rights in order to do it is amazing, right? Imagine if the United States government guaranteed that whoever private companies could get an asteroid to mine it would get all those mining rights and that the government wouldn't just take it. If there was some law in place that said mining, you know, a property rights bill that applied to mining asteroids, then you might actually get private companies starting to really consider it because asteroids are incredibly rich, incredibly rich in minerals. Yeah, the short story by Robert Hanline is called The Man Who Sold the Moon. It's a fabulous story. It was written in the 1950s, I think, before Apollo. And it's just a fun short story that's just fabulous as a lot of Robert Hanline's work is. Anyway, since the 2000, with the growth in SpaceX and over the last decade with the growth in private space travel, the cost to take a kilogram up into space has dropped from an average $18,500, $54,500 for the space shuttle to $2,200 per kilogram, $2,200 per kilogram. So what? Is that 80% or something? It's dropped. Elon Musk's goal with his new rockets, one of those rockets was tested the other day, I think in California. And, you know, was it 100% successful, but probably 80% successful in its test? With these new generation of rockets, Musk's goal is to lower the cost that puts stuff into space into to ultimately $10 a kilogram, $10 a kilogram, down from $18,500 on average. Now imagine what that could do a to our ability to put a base on Mars, on the moon, ultimately to get to Mars, but also just in lower Earth orbit, what we could put in lower Earth orbit. One of the plans that are already being implemented is to put tens of thousands of satellites into lower Earth orbit that will provide internet telecommunication coverage across the entire planet from everywhere on the planet to everywhere on the planet, 24 seven with a high bandwidth. The technology is getting there. The satellites are getting cheap enough and the delivery of the satellites to low Earth orbit is getting cheap enough that we can do that. So we have the capacity or we're going to have the capacity, whether it's bees, whether it's Jeff Bezos in Blue Origin or United Launch or ATK or whoever, or SpaceX, to put satellites into space at a cost of 10 bucks per kilogram, which is just basically unbelievable in terms of the reduction of costs. And then what you have is this telecommunication at basically a cost of zero across the entire planet. Everybody is connected. Now I know some of you fear that and are worried about that. Oh my God, the whole world is going to be connected. People in other countries will be connected to us. I know some people fear that, object to that, worry about that. But as you know, I'm a huge fan of globalization. I believe in the if you have division of labor specialization across eight billion people, then the wealth, our wealth, all of our wealth is going to grow dramatically. If you have eight billion people connected, the ability to solve problems grows dramatically. I mean, we saw this with it with the vaccine. Now I know some of your anti vaccines or whatever, but it's truly astounding. They took a what Pfizer did again, a global effort, the startup company that actually developed the vaccine and the delivery mechanism is a German company. Manufacturing is going to be in Europe and the United States and potentially in Asia. You've got other vaccine makers all over the world working on this sharing information, collaborating, joint ventures. I mean, globalization at its best is what you're seeing right now in terms of what is going on in the world. And it is fabulous. And it is truly amazing. It is truly amazing. And if if the Pfizer vaccine and the Moderna vaccines actually are successful, then it's going to be it's truly is going to revolutionize vaccines. It but it might revolutionize other ways in which we deal with disease. Because if we can target disease through these mRNA mechanisms, it's a relatively safe way to do it. It's a very targeted way of doing it with very little possibility of damage of bad, really bad side effects. And it truly could revolutionize a lot of what we do in medicine. So this is this this Moderna Pfizer, this is not trivial. You know, vaccines used to take years and years and years decades to develop. This took nine months, which is truly astounding. And it gives us a sense of what where the science is in terms of our understanding of biology. So not only we privatize space, we can launch stuff into space, we can make it super cheap, we can network the entire world can be on one network can be communicated. Imagine what happens to ideas. Imagine what happens to good ideas like ours, when everybody in the world has access to the to these. Now, suddenly, these ideas only appeal to certain fraction, but that fraction of a bigger and bigger number is fantastic. The numbers astounding. If a network to imagine all the minds working on problems, imagine the breakthrough in education. If now poor kids all over the world don't have to go to a local school where they might not get a great education, they can use YouTube just like you and me. And they have access to it at a cost of zero. They can take courses on Coursera or whatever. English becomes a universal language at that point. And it changes the world in profound ways. Because ideas now become universal, truly universal. They spread throughout the planet. The best people everywhere in the world can work on changing the world for the better, not just a few localized in certain communities, certain places who have the resources. I think what we're seeing in communication is truly stunning and amazing. And it's new. It's new. The world has never seen this. The scope of knowledge, the fact that knowledge is now shared and potentially shared, not shared, but potentially shared across hundreds of millions of people, billions of people across the planet, knowledge, knowledge of science, knowledge of engineering, and knowledge of philosophy is groundbreaking. It will lead hastily to good things. So when I think about that, when I think about the scale, when I think about the amount of knowledge that is available today, when I think about the delivery mechanism and how cheap it is and how easy it is, when I think about the potential for disruption in the field of education on a global scale, I get super optimistic. Somebody says, Oh, I'm talking about Skynet. Yeah, but think about a Skynet that doesn't come alive, a Skynet that has no desire for power. But a Skynet that is used for people to communicate, a Skynet that is used for people to learn to educate themselves, to access, to access the good, to access knowledge and information. I mean, again, think about, I've talked about this in past shows, all the knowledge in the Roman Empire was in a few centers. And when those centers collapsed, knowledge disappeared. Yes, it was preserved in Constantinople a little bit and in Baghdad and ultimately in more Spain. And it came back into the West, but it took 1000 years. Think about the fact that now knowledge is spread across 8 billion people. It's truly, I think, hard for us to imagine. And when we look back, these are revolutions in the making. And part of it is SpaceX reducing the cost of satellites, reducing the cost of putting loads into into orbit and making this ubiquitous. What we need today, what I called a new intellectual would be any man or woman who is willing to think, meaning any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason, by the intellect, not by feelings, wishes, whims, or mystic revelations. Any man or woman who values his life, and who does not want to give in to today's cult of despair, cynicism and impotence, and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist roads. All right, before we go on, reminder, please like the show we've got 163 live listeners right now, 30 likes. That should be at least 100. I think at least 100 of you actually like the show.  But but at least the people who are liking it, you know, I want to see, I want to see a thumbs up. There you go. Start liking it. I want to see that go to 100. All it takes is a click of a click of a thing, whether you're looking at this. And you know the likes matter. It's not an issue of my ego. It's an issue of the algorithm. The more you like something, the more the algorithm likes it. So you know, if you don't like the show, give it a thumbs down. Let's see your actual views being reflected in the likes. But if you like it, don't just sit there, help get the show promoted. Of course, you should also share. And you can support the show at your own book show.com slash support on Patreon or subscribe star or locals and and show you support for all for for the work for the value. Hopefully you're receiving from this.  Right. So yes, like share, subscribe, support, like share, subscribe, support. There you go. Easy. Do one or all of those, please.


I started working at Township Chevrolet in May of 2017, so just about three years coming up, sales manager here at Township. I started working at Township in May 2016, so I've been here for almost four years. My current position is a product specialist in the sales department. My experience working at Township has been great. There is a great team atmosphere here. There's an opportunity to move around, so I started in sales and then do a business manager and now I'm a sales manager, so lots of opportunity for growth. Being an employee here is great, there's lots of fun. My name is Marley Ray and I've been working at Township Chevrolet since April 2016. I currently hold the payroll administration and human resources position here with Township. Regarding my experience with Township Chevrolet, back when I started in April 2016, I started in the receptionist position. I was greeted by an awesome staff. I was put in a very welcoming environment and worked there for three months. After those three months, I transferred into the service department, so I got to really learn a lot doing the warranty administration position there. I learned a lot about vehicles, I learned a lot about warranties and how to interact with customers when they're coming in on not such a great day because their vehicle is not working all that well. From there, in January 2018, I was then moved into my current role of payroll administration. Shortly thereafter, the human resources task was added to that role as well. I've had good experience working at Township Chevrolet so far. We do work hard, but it's also very rewarding. What's the employee engagement like at Township? It's very dynamic. People interact in a daily basis. In sales specifically, we would walk together in a lot to recognize how many vehicles we have in you and use and recognize how much we have compared to the competition. So it gives us an idea of how much more competitive we are as a dealership versus to others. The experience here at Township for me personally has been a roller coaster with emotion in a positive way. I love people. I love being around people and working here as a salesman or product specialist or whatever the title is right now or as a sales manager really allows me to interact with people on a daily basis. So people that have been in PEI for the last 40 years and never been anywhere in the world versus to the people that are coming in for a vacation in PEI has gone traveling for the last 40 years. So it gets me excited to know the people's story that has been in PEI for so long for the people that have been around the world. I would definitely recommend applying if you want to be at a great job, great atmosphere and just enjoy what you do. I would definitely recommend Township as a place of work. It's very busy, it's a very fun atmosphere and it's very engaging and very rewarding. I would 100% recommend working here at Township Chevrolet without a doubt. We want you to join us here at Township.


So I'm going to go through my elevation. This is going to be concave feel to the layering. You can see how it comes off the head shape. It's not 90 degrees. The only part that's around 90 degrees is right at that top crown area, right at the very tip of my finger. And I'm working pie-shaped sections around the head. Now I'm switching to a really cool product we have on freesloneducation.com. It is the Donald Scott Twist. It's a condensed cut at this point and just gliding and sliding, creating that face frame. I love this tool for creating a face frame, creating a lot of movement, a lot of layering. So now we're going to take down the top.


السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والصلاة والسلام وعلى أشرف المرسلين سيدنا ونبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه وسلم يا ربنا لك الحمد كما ينبغي لجلال وجهك وعظيم سلطانك اللهم افتح علينا فتوح العارفين اللهم علمنا ما ينفعون ونفعون بما علمتنا يا رحمة الرحمن يا رب العالمين هند بنتو عطبه رضي الله عنها هند بنتو عطبه هند بنتو عطبه رضي الله عنها هند بنتو عطبه رضي الله عنها هند بنتو عطبه رضي الله عنها هند بنتو عطبه رضي الله عنها هند بنتو عطبه رضي الله عنها فالتالي في سيديها was with her second husband, أبو سفيان، the leader of the non-believers in Mecca. وفي سيديها الثالثة في حيثها أقصتها في حيثها when she embraced Islam. وعندما سيديها إسلام، سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. والآن كانت أمي of the first caliph of Muslims after the four Rashidi caliphs to be of the Umayyad leaders. والآن كانت أمي of the first caliph leader after the Rashidi leaders after the Rashidi caliphs who were سيدنا أبو بكر سيدنا عمر سيدنا أثمان and سيدنا علي. لنتحدث عن الأمام من حياتها. أولاً كانت أنها كانت أمي of the first caliph of the first caliph of the first caliph of the مغيره وحده أنه دخلت أنه لم يكن أصدقائه. وكان ذلك when he came back to his home and his home was a place where anyone can come in, anyone can come in without permission. They were so generous, so they were very good hosts. وكان ذلك one day when she was in her house in this house she sat down to get some rest and her husband Fecke went out for some stuff to do some stuff and was very tired so she slept. And some people arrived at the house just to come in as usual, no permission needed. And when they saw her sleeping they went back. The last one of them was someone who came out but when he came out Fecke her husband was coming and he saw this man going out. So he got into the house, he found him in the deep sleep and he kicked her and he asked her about that man who went out from the house. And she said I didn't see anyone, I didn't pay attention, I was sleeping, how would I see him. So her husband got so mad and he asked her to leave to her mom's home. There were a lot of rumors about her and her father at that time decided to go to a fortune teller and to tell them what happened. And so he would give him the truth. And when that fortune teller was sitting with one of the ladies, he came to her and said come get up, you are not a bad person and you will give birth to a king and his name would be Muawiyah. So when her husband heard that he apologized and he wanted her to forgive him but of course he asked her to come back to his home but she said very proudly she said no I will never have that child from you. You don't deserve to be the father of the king. And she divorced him, she looked at her father and she said I am a free woman, if someone wants to propose you tell me before you give your word. She was very strong and he said to her I accept. So many suitors come to propose from everywhere, they came to propose to hint, they knew how eloquent she was, how beautiful, how honorable so they wanted to get married to her. Until Abu Sufyan proposed and she accepted him as per the description that her father has given her and she accepted him as her husband and she moved to his house to start a political life. He was the leader of Makkah, the leader of the non-believers. So this was the first and the second stage of her life. All her life she was always known and she always kept very hostile, she was very hostile for Muslims from the very first days of Islam. And that hostility doubled after the battle of Badr. Do you know why? Because in the battle of Badr, her father عطب ابن ربيع, her uncle شيبة and her son حنزلة and her brother الوليد were all killed in that battle. So such are the dearest relatives to her who were all chiefs in Quraish. And this matter actually left her heart full of hatred. And the ranker continued from the day of Badr until the day of opening Makkah. So what happened later? In Uhad, Hind went out with the army of Quraish, promoting them. She was doing her utmost to eradicate Muslims. And when her army fled away from Muslims at the beginning of the battle, she began pouring dust up on them, promoting them to continue fighting. She wanted them to fight, she didn't want them to run away. So on that day, she did not flee like the men did. And at the end of the battle, when the non-believers won Muslims, Hind committed a very disgusting act. And you all know that. She began maiming the crops of Muslims one by one. She was cutting ears, she was cutting noses. And when she approached Hamza Ibn Abdul-Muttalib, she, what did she do? And we all know that her servant Wahshi killed Sayyidina Hamza ر. So what did she do? Upon seeing his body, she split open his interiors. She pulled out his liver. And out of hatred, she chewed it, but she spit it out as it tasted unpleasant to her. Of course, she was a non-believer. And her liver of the amazing Hamza رضي الله وعن would not be in her body. So this attitude of Hind affected the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم too much and left him distressed. And in this respect, Abu Huraira رضي الله وعن narrated that the Prophet stood at Hamza's body upon seeing his body. And Abu Huraira said, we noticed the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, he was too depressed that we never saw him like this before. And the Prophet said, may Allah be merciful with you, my uncle. Indeed, you were maintainer to the ties of kinship and always doing the good. Hamza رضي الله وعن was amazing support to Sayyidina Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. So now imagine how angry the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم was with Hind. So this was her, she did during Guhad. Another incident about Hind was when she went out with the non-believers, and she continued confronting Islam shortly before the opening of Makkah. Even she refused her husband's attitude when he asked the people of Makkah to enter their homes seeking the protection from Sayyidina Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. She asked them to kill him. And it's very bad the history of Hind with Muslims. She was a very bad person to Muslims. And she would always encourage the chiefs of Makkah to be bad to the Muslims. So after this long course of confrontation of the Islamic call, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, what happened? He opened Makkah. And thus the people came from everywhere accepting Islam. So Hind has been taught about what happened to her. Allah سبحانه وتعالى would want to guide her. So why she came to Sayyidina Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. And there were some women also who wanted to become Muslims. So she was completely veiled and not identified wishing, she didn't identify herself. She wanted to be a Muslim. So the rules and the homage of women was to abstain when they weren't becoming of course Muslims. And it was to abstain from polytheism, theft, fornication, killing their children, not uttering slander. And also intentionally forging falsehood. That was not acceptable. That was something forbidden. And as I said intentionally forging falsehood. And that would happen by making illegal children belonging to their husbands. So that was forbidden. And also what was forbidden also was disobeying the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in what's right. So disobeying Sayyidina Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. Anyone contemplating on the incidence of hint she did her hostility to the Muslims. So anyone contemplating on that would clearly be convinced that she's coming only seeking protection from being killed. Everybody knew how bad she was to Muslim, how the worst hostility she had to Muslims. So anyone would think that she is coming not to become a true Muslim, but to protect herself from being killed. However, what wasn't expected, the attitude of Sayyidina Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. So what was the attitude? Now women started to plead Sayyidina Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم. And that was conducted as follows. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said تبا يعبني على أن لا تشركنا بالله شيء. A woman let you not to ascribe partners with Allah. And hint completely veiled. And the Prophet had not identified her that time still. So she said والله إنك لا تأخذوا علينا أمرا لا تأخذوا على الرجال. By Allah, you ask women for things different from men. And hint by this when she said that she meant that the blood of men was abridged by the blood of women is detailed. So the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم went on did not comment. And he said ولا تسرطن. And do not steal. Here. Hint. Student. And she said يا رسول الله إن أبا سفيان رجل ميسيك فهل علي من حرج أن أصيب من طعامه من غير إذنك. All messenger of Allah, my husband is very stingy man. He does not supply me and his children the sufficient provision. So am I sinful if I took from his wealth sufficient provision informing him and I do not tell him. Would I be sinful? What happened? At that moment say the Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم Said to her Is that you hint being taught about And she replied yes, it's me hint. Forgive me. Forgive me يا رسول الله. So the Prophet gave her permission to take only the sufficient provision of dates. Imagine the sufficient provision of dates for her and her children without telling her husband. So imagine this crucial moment in the life of Hint. What's your opinion? What is the Prophet going to act? How is he going to act? What's he going to do? And bearing in mind who Hint was towards Muslim And her mutilation of his uncle. So what do you think he's going to do? When she said يا رسول الله. Forgive me. So the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم Forgive her and gave her No word reflecting his sadness But rather he simply accepted her Islam. So Sayyidina Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم Continued and he said So women do not commit fornication And Hint stopped here and she continued wondering Oh Messenger of Allah, does the good woman of honor commit fornication? Again. Sayyidina Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم Continued without commenting And do not kill your children Now here look at what Hint did. Hint once again interrupted Sayyidina Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم And said يا رسول الله قد ربيناهم صغارا وقتلتهم يوم ذدر كبارا Oh Messenger of Allah We raised them when children And you killed them when adults You killed them in a better Have you left behind any man of ours Say be killed by you You have killed their fathers on the day of better And instructing us now concerning their children right now So what do you think happened The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم Did not become angry with Hint Neither did he say Why we killed them on the day of better Have not we have not the They were not the Your father, your son, your brother, your uncle Confronted us on the day or night during They wanted us to turn away from Islam Haven't they persecuted and tortured Muslims Haven't they done so and so Oh Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم Did not do that He did not say He did not become angry with Hint And the Prophet Did not say anything And his reaction was astonishing He smiled He just smiled And he commented with the words He did not give any words So the Prophet acted simply And how difficult Islam is for her Who she was And how she is How she is leaving everything behind Then the Prophet continued


Over the last three weeks, how has that gone? How close do you think that you guys have stayed? I think in sports of the game, we've stayed very close. The first half of Sunday, I think we showed some good things in the run game. I think we were getting the play passes starting to develop or set them up a little bit. And then because of our self-inflicted wounds, the game got out of hand. And so it turned into a pass-heavy second half, because it needed to, frankly. And so I think we've done it in spurts, but we certainly need to be much more consistent. You have to go away from play action the way you have to go away from the run game when you're trailing big. Yeah, you just don't have as much effectiveness in the play pass. If they're not honoring the run, they're not worried about you running the ball, because of the game situation, you're not going to get as much distortion from the linebackers and level two defenders. And so you kind of have to pair the play actions with run situations. You guys have had a lot of situations throughout the year where you bring guys in, and I guess they need to prove themselves during the course of the week to be added to the active roster, to be available Sunday. What do you look for during the practice week to know when a guy is ready? What do you like to see? Yeah, first of all, it's an assignment sound, right? If they can grasp the offense and what their assignment's going to be and how that assignment might change based on defensive look or things of that nature. Knowing where to be and when to be there is obviously a good starting point. And then that they can just go play fast. You know, they understand what we're trying to accomplish in the scheme and that they can go play with a sense of urgency and the same demeanor and effort and finish that we look for out of everybody else. What are you seeing out of Don Trell and Deontay, and now that they've had a little bit of snaps under their bell, and if Kari's able to get back and then, you know, when he's back, how much will he be able to maybe add to the offense as well? Yeah, well, first off with those two newer backs, if you will, Don Trell and Deontay, I think they get more comfortable each week and with more snaps. I think Don Trell did some things to get us some juice and would have loved to be able to stick with the run game a little bit more because I thought we were running the ball pretty well in the first half. And I think those are guys that'll get more comfortable as they get more carries, you know. And as far as Kari, obviously he's a valuable member of our team, you know, and has done some great things for this offense. He's a veteran presence. He's seen a lot of football. And so if I'm told that, you know, I have him at our disposal, you know, I'm sure he can contribute in a couple different ways. With what a team is giving you or what you're intending to do going into a game, is short stuff generally? How much discipline and patience does that take from your guys? It does take discipline.  You have to be able to stay patient and know that once you get them to step up and play the short stuff, then you can take some shots down the field. And then there's certainly ways that you got to manufacture the vertical passing game and get creative that way. But, you know, teams definitely are going to test that, you know, and you need to have discipline and patience and be willing to, you know, invest in those underneath throws. Is that something you feel you guys could do a little bit more, take some more vertical shots? And if you do feel that way, what's keeping you from doing it? Yeah, I'd like to.  And again, because of our own self-inflicted wounds, weren't able to, you know, stay in phase long enough to be able to get to some of those. So, you know, we threw a couple of go balls, tried to get the ball down the field vertically that way. But, you know, certainly need to stay more in phase and on schedule as an offense to be able to open up that playbook more. The mistakes in the passing game Sunday, how much of that is on Ryan, how much of that is new guys coming in or maybe a combination of a whole bunch of things and how easy or how difficult is it to get it all fixed in time for this week? Yeah, I'll make that easy. You can just put it on me. I didn't teach the concept well enough or I didn't, you know, make it clean enough. So, I'll take the heat on those. Todd, was it good to see, you know, just Dez get his first career touchdown, get some catches, get maybe build some confidence. We all know kind of the struggles he had early, kind of getting that opportunity for you guys. What was that kind of like to see? Dez did some good things, you know, and I think that, again, I keep saying this word and it's not trying to be a cop-out answer, but the consistency is what we're chasing. You know, being where you're supposed to be, when you're supposed to be there, is something that you need to do repeatedly to build confidence with the quarterback. And Dez did some good things and I expect them to continue to grow with more opportunities. Can there be a little bit more urgency with someone? Because you mentioned being in where you're supposed to be, there was a play where there was an urgency and can there be more for him, you know, as far as his route running and the craft of that?  I think there'll be a point in the off-season where you reflect on how unique it was that you called plays for Derek Henry and Adrian Peterson in the same season. Yeah, we're not at a place where that even bounces around in this half-empty cranium of mine, but, you know, maybe someday... What would be wrong that led to so many turnovers and what's going to change this week?  I'll take the heat on those and we'll work hard to fix them. Yeah, I mean, the obvious, right? They're extremely well-coached, detailed. They're not going to beat themselves. You know, they're going to be diligent in giving you different looks out of different personnel groupings, make you work, make you communicate. Just a well-coached team all around.