In the course we discussed our failure to recognise the extent to which our interpretations are shaped by our prior knowledge and experiences. We called this the fundamental cognitive error. We also discussed another failure in which we don't account for the multiple ways in which a situation could be viewed. Now this is related to something we learnt later on which was the false consensus effect where we tend to think that other people think the same way that we do, that other people have the same beliefs and opinions as we do, but it's just not true. Now we have the fundamental attribution error and that's another failure to recognise the power of the situation in making predictions about human behaviour. That's exactly right. It is fundamental and it's not easy though. What is easy are personality traits. So saying that somebody's laid back or generous or honest or messy. These sorts of things just roll off the tongue and it's a knee-jerk response that we use to explain people's behaviour in new situations. And again, we've just seen several landmark demonstrations of the power of the situation that I think do a far better job of explaining and predicting people's behaviour. But it's not easy. It's a fundamental shift in how we think about people and predicting behaviour. And so I think this is related to something called channel factors. What is it? What is it about the situation, about the context, the circumstance that needs to be in place in order for that behaviour or that action, that communication? What is it that's going to make the thing happen or not? And it's not easy to identify. It's the entire pursuit of social psychology essentially to figure out what these small components are and how to put them into place in order to elicit these different types of behaviours. Yep. Let's go through them then. So what were the channel factors in the experiments that we just discussed? So in the Good Samaritan, it seems to be the amount of time people had available to help. If they had time, they were more likely to help. In the Milgram experiment, there were a couple of channel factors operating there. One of them was gradual escalation. So just putting the shocks up by 15 volts each time was probably a channel factor that led to them going all the way to the end, to the triple X. If you asked people to go from 15 up to triple X in one go, they were probably unlikely to make it. Another one was there wasn't a clear way to exit the experiment.  There's a third one in Milgram that I'm forgetting. Yeah.  Like an authority one. Yeah. So he's there in a lab coat and it's a sort of diffusion of responsibility again on to this experiment. So you're not taking responsibility for that learner's shock and pain. The third one we looked at was the bystander effect. The channel factor there seems to be the number, the presence or absence of people in the room. Now we spoke to Richard Nisbet and Lee Ross about the role of channel factors in predicting behavior and here's what they had to say.


In other news, now, Adamoa State Governor Amado Fintori has denied media reports that he is lobbying the national leadership of the all-progressive Congress to defect to the party ahead of the 2023 general election. The governor says he has no intention to leave the people's democratic party to any other party. Governor Fintori, who spoke to journalists through his director general, media and publicity Solomon Kumanga, said it became necessary to state categorically that he is not contemplating leaving the PDP. He explained his comfort in leading the PDP in the state to achieve developmental milestones for the people. Well, it has become necessary to state categorically that the governor of Adamoa State, His Excellency Amado Umar Fintori, is not contemplating leaving the PDP. Neither is he thinking of decamping or defecting, as it were, to any political party or APC for that matter. The governor believes strongly that the political, economic and security challenges currently facing the country cannot merely be solved by people decamping from one political party or the other. He said what is most important at this time is for Nigerians of all walks of life to join hands and summon the challenges confronting the nation. The governor, as it were, is comfortably leading the PDP and Adamoa State to achieve developmental milestones for the people. He remains focused on his mandate of providing good governance to all parts of the state. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


The song is called Kona by one Maris Khaddi and one thing about Maris Khaddi She is right here in studio with us. She's vibrant very super super You know vibrant and polite. Is that even same doesn't even make sense to me in the same sentence Yeah, she's vibrant yet very polite in this at the same time and of course she is a recording on performing artists She's a songwriter who comes from Nairobi Kenya. Ladies and gentlemen, let's give it up for Maris Khaddi How are you? Hi, I'm good. Good to see you. You look nice. You too. You look beautiful. Thank you. You're amazing Welcome to Bouncing Nation. Thank you so much. I'm so and I'm so happy to be here Thank you for making time to come through obviously. Thank you. Alright, so let's talk about Maris Khaddi You were born and raised in Nairobi, obviously. Starahe, are you still representing Starahe? Tulihama That's what I agree with I move so I move with the mini Nomad Oh, okay Let's talk about Starahe Yeah, Starahe and Rutsengapi How are you? I'm fine I have no idea No, but it's so good. It's all love. Thank you for making time to come through Maris Khaddi, just say you're from Nairobi You have an advantage over what's going on If you're from Nairobi, you have a good chance of turning or going You're from Nairobi Do you think people from Nairobi have an advantage and an advantage? Yeah, I feel people from Nairobi have an advantage Because I'm not sure what I'm saying I'm very sure I've travelled from Sjubu, Sjibu, Bungo or where I've travelled from Sjibu, Sjibu, Bungo or where I've travelled from Sjibu, Sjibu, Bungo or where Maybe they're from Nakuru, they feel like Nairobi has more opportunities Or if you're maybe an artist or even business wise You feel like you have more opportunities up in Nairobi Yeah, so I feel like we have kind of an upper hand And of course for Maris Khaddi Maybe you can tell us a little bit about yourself For the people watching you for the first time So that they can just get acquainted with you Maris Khaddi is an artist Singer, songwriter, student I'm a sister I'm a daughter I'm not a mom though, I'm not yet Yeah, basically I'm a social worker too I'm very friendly Maybe we'll meet somewhere out there You'll see me Yeah, and she's also Our, you know, a gym enthusiast Tell us about yourself No, I still don't In fact I have a roller in the house I was contemplating Because you've exercised Your stomach is crying For heaven's sake, give me a break But you look at it and you're like At the end of the day, I love Going to the gym and working out In fact, when I'm down I use that as a way to boost my moods Yeah And Kingsley can relate I'm a YouTube player Me too Workout? You're talking about the gym We're talking about the gym When do we talk about the gym? I don't know I'm a human The last time we talked He was like Bro, check her I'm not sure I just want to stay with you I don't know I don't know You don't know? I don't know I don't know Sorry? I don't know I don't know Massage I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know Right, alright Let's talk about your journey in music How long ago did you start? My journey in music has been I don't know It's been quite not that long Not that short Because I officially started in 2017 But in primary That's when I started writing Like writing actually But in 2017 Is when I was like I can do this thing You know So I started Helm-Minded Attainment That was the first studio I ever stepped in No, the second actually I remember when I was in In primary There was a studio called Palemta Like Nyumbam to Tunapiga So I used to hear people Go there to meet me And then I said One day let me go find out What happens in there So the first ever project I did Was a spoken word I can't even remember the words to it But it was a spoken word Then after that I wrote A rap song for someone But it was It was a child But it seems evolved I've really evolved Because back then It was a spoken word Rap But then I observed The market and my passion I was like No, it's not like that It's not like that Yeah, it's not like that So I had to like Shift from doing Rap To Doing like singing singing To now singing And of course you said Writing when you are still Like while you are still In primary school So I used to go I used to go Poem What kind of writing were you doing Why did it take you too long Like if you started Back in primary school And you only recorded in 2017 When will you take time To give us time First of all Parents African parents Oh When you go to your dad Or to your parents And be like Dad Take care of me You know like First Whether it's true Or it's a slap Or it's a disappointment Obviously So for me What happened to me I was just advised According to what I said Yeah You're still young What you do right now Focus on education first Then maybe you'll do that Later on Right So I had to focus On academics Because I'm lazy And then I could do music I think that's why it took Quite some time And academics You did quite a lot Even actually went to a French school How did that go Are you fluent right now In French I'm still a student Right now Oh you're still Yeah I can have a conversation But you can leave And put there Yeah, just before They're watching Bounce Nation They're watching Bounce Nation You are watching Bounce Nation No, no, no In French Oh Now You're trying to keep Bounce Nation Awesome I don't know But it's doing something I'm lazy I'm lazy I'm lazy I'm lazy I'm lazy Because it has a lot of K-H So I can learn I'm a bit lazy I'm a bit lazy I'm a bit lazy You're mistaken French Yes I'm French And I can play You are I can play I can play Initially I focus I'm French In Paris I'm French So to all my lawyers My lawyers, we are all French people What was the difference between you and me? We are all French I am sure they have gotten that In 2017, that's when you released your first track How did that perform? In 2017, I recorded my first serious track My first official release was in 2021 Which was Nalela But when I recorded it in 2017, that's when I started recording And I remember when Nadia was coming back She was still telling me So I used to look at her and be like, oh my God Did you ever talk to her? Are you inspired or would love to work with you? How long have you been with her? You can't even talk to her? No, actually Nadia is a very nice person We talked, sometime I told her She was really inspiring She said, keep pushing one day with her figure And I really appreciate As much as there are challenges, but we keep going So all the tracks I recorded in 2017, I lost them They were around 10, I was doing an EP I wanted to do more projects Then I shoot videos and release them But that didn't go as planned How did that happen? The computer crashed? We tried to recover but it didn't go as planned So maybe if I recover, I will play the drums I will play the guitar I was like, this is the wastage of time You still have a lot of music in you Were you signed under Hellmind? Or were you just recording with them? No, I was with them I used to go to Hellmind I used to sing and maybe they wanted to have backup vocals I would be like, I have something in my head Can I do something on your song? And it turns out great and that's how I started You did a lot of backup for a lot of singers Who are some of the guys you worked with While you were doing backup vocals I've worked with Marie J I don't know if she's ever been here Yes, she has Marie J has ever been here Other artists, I can't even remember their names Because they were quite a lot Some, I wouldn't meet them in person It was just... You were in a studio I'm a producer So I don't get to meet them in person If I'm not in a studio, I'll be in an ABCD And I'm like, okay So you do that on the track Not for live music It would be in the studio But I've done it for live also There was another event at Allure's Just recently I also did that That's how you grow Being there for what other people are doing And then you become better as a person Of course And then you become better After Covid You took advantage of Covid Because you were in a studio Before something else comes along Did you still record at Hellmind? Yes, I recorded at Hellmind And how did it perform Being your first track Did it change your perspective About the music industry in Kenya How did that influence the other songs you've released? One thing I came to learn Is that growth is gradual There are expectations And then you get results Or you have little expectations And then you surpass So for me, I surpassed Because I didn't have anything to do And the time I was releasing I didn't do serious marketing As I wanted Because I didn't do any media tours Or anything whatsoever So it really just went out there People believed in my talent And the support I got Was amazing from them Right So that inspired you to write now Kona Kona And Kona is doing amazing So tell us about that What was the inspiration behind it? Kona is about Raya Sai and Masponyo So you can find You are in a relationship with someone But they have their other someone Who is funding them Who is funding them to Maybe look Or have the life they have So In a clash between money and love So for me Have you ever experienced it First hand Have you ever seen that Close to you People do that What we do personally For me, I write out of Things I see Around me Or happening to me So I collect that And try to tell people's stories So this is what happened Had him not said That he would not interfere Now This person you can clearly see They love each other But The money factor Yeah In a book like it Yeah So one of the things I want to tell you Was China One of them I want to tell you Babas and Mamas You are against that You are pro love Yeah I really advocate for love Like Love wins At the end of the day Love wins, of course Thank you Alright, so after corner Do you have any other projects That we should look forward to Anyone you are looking to work with Maybe you've already worked with them In the EP By the way Tell us about the EP What is the EP? Are you still working on it? Do you have another one coming? From the EP There are some songs I've selected That I would Want to rewrite And restructure And give it Because you know Like Songlandica 2017 Could maybe Vocabularies Or things have changed Yeah So I would like to Give it a test I would like to say Bye-bye Bye-bye Bye-bye But I'm I'm really like Hoping things work well Then If I can revive it Because I have a project That I would like to work with Yeah Alright And of course We wish you all the best Yes, thank you So flagging that Now Before we let you go We have just a little bit Of I don't know Let me I don't get a story That French So we have A scenario And then you Act it out Okay Okay It's easy It's not hard So it's ten zanards Okay, number one You know I don't know I don't know I'm at a restaurant And I don't know Where I don't know I don't know I'm at a restaurant What's your reaction? I don't know I dress Yeah I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know I don't know Where I don't know My husband No Today's order And I don't know I don't know But And What she said She said I don't know I am That's She used to live I don't know I am She's That's I even That's I torque I don't know Is It's It's a good idea Carallage! Scenario number 2 In Kisi You can serve in Kisi Machine is hung Machine is hung You are a service Maybe You can say you are a receptionist You can say you are a service You can say you are a service You can say you are a service You are a service I'm the kissy. Yeah, I'm the kissy. The machine is hanging on the corner. She's so surprised. Accident, I can't do it. Raki? Raki on... My God. I'm not a young girl. I'm a kid. I'm not a young girl. I'm a kid. I'm not a young girl. She's a kid. I'm a kid. She has a funny face. I'm just a kid, I look at myself in the mirror. I look at myself, but I don't know how to do it. My God, this is an invitation. I'm so surprised. I'm surprised. I'm a girl, I was in Mursik and I was in Mursik for a long time. I was in Mursik for a long time.  I am going to be the next one. And then my friend? My friend. My friend. My friend, I was in Mursik for a long time. I was in Mursik for a long time. I was in Mursik, in Chaleta Mursik. I was in Mursik for a long time. The fact that you are in Mursik in Mursik is different. The fact that you are in Mursik in Mursik is different. In Marathon, in the Kaming, in the Kong. He really tried. He really tried. I know, but not easy. But you made it fine. Thank you so much for coming through. Maybe one or two people and then of course your social media handle First of my crew a Lyons from say shout out to you guys. I love you so much Doctor Directorics Directorics touch out to you man. I really respect you Vince on the beat DJ stone fab Me mean I could salute sana my sister my mom. I know you're watching right now my bro My friends Malin and everyone have it. Yeah shout out to you and All my fans. I want to tell you that I love you so much. Thank you for the support. I really appreciate it I don't take it for granted and I'll really make sure that now a party of it to motor motor, you know Yeah Thank you so much for coming through and of course we'll be playing more music as you release it. We'll play it right here on Bouncing Nation I think Me miss a house social media handles. Yeah, very important on on all socials YouTube Maris Caddy Instagram Maris Caddy Twitter Maris Caddy Tiktok Maris Caddy Facebook Maris Caddy MA I double RIS Double RIS. Yes caddy. I make sure you go check me out. Leave comments, you know, let's interact, you know to join me With joie


a very very beautiful center and to Yvonne dark and I told you I'm a dark angel so you know it's complete hi Yvonne how are you? fantastic as antennae correct taking you mom it's all right I mean it is what it is you can't really fight it you just have to accept it because if you try to fight it will mentally unstable you know everything how does it affect you as an artist are you unable to go to studio I've seen people still going to studio I don't know if that means they own their own studios or productions or what not does it mean you can't move music around does it mean you know you can't go for tours what does it mean for you of course we can't perform in public we can't do tours in public you know there are a lot of artists that are doing live shows live concerts you know and people have to understand that not every artist is able to do so because it entitles a lot of partnerships okay and it entitles a lot of funding and if you don't personally have that money expressing the time of corona to remove it from your pocket because right now it's about survival okay that's why I said it involves partnerships you need companies to help support you to do it so the best way I would advise anyone as an artist who's trying to get something up and going right now is the best time to use your influencership to get companies to work with you it could be any company you know it could be any small business as long as they can come and help you create the live and also benefit from being basically that's what a sponsor is sponsoring the show all right so a lot of people are not um a lot of artists are in difficult situations of course because um we're out of practically jobs performing in the public kind for the people you know but there is other ways we do it and I guess um corona's teaching people a lot of things that um a lot of different options you know you can't give up you can't say who because corona struck it means that you're mentally incapable of developing new strategies new businesses new focuses so at the end of the day you have to use your mind and use this opportunity because to be with that momentum to have the space to think so I would advise someone in this time yes you have to balance it out this is the time where people have to understand the mental health situation you can easily get messed up from allowing your mind to sustain negativity yeah a lot of people are suffering no doubt a lot of people are having financial issues hunger issues mental issues physical issues emotional issues that people who are even giving birth right now there are a lot of women who are giving birth right now there are a lot of people who probably have got an injured in the house there's someone I know who fell down the stairs and had to go to the hospital and you don't really want to but you don't know how it happened but you have to fix it but at the same time you can't exactly decide to allow yourself to fall into victim of negativity um you have to try and find a positive in there's always a light in every dark corner okay and not dark as D.A.R.C.Q. but darkness as in D.A.R.K. my dark is positive it's not the darkness you know it's the dark light you know so um you have to just find a mental stable area where you can put yourself and tell yourself fine I always use this reasoning in life I have two options can I fix it or can I not fix it can I fix it yes and fix it can I not fix it fine I can't fix it what's my solution to move you know every just take every day as it is take every step as it comes whether you're an artist or somebody who is in the same situation as the entertainment industry and a lot of artists there are also a lot of businesses that people have been sent home with indefinite leave and without salary you know it's not just entertainers it's affecting everybody there's a majority of people who have been put on indefinite leave and are going through the same thing you know think of um maybe if I could just point I could just um because you said it's not just artists that are being affected which is very very true it is a lot of other people TV so somebody was burnt in their car as they were leaving for work in the morning all this there's all this domestic abuse going on stay at home self-isolation there's a lot going on how do we give people hope you know how you imagine from certain hours lady man say what to do now so I have this program I've started called yana which means you are not alone so I do a live once or twice a week where I explain to people and try and indulge in people and their psychology is because everybody's being affected by this and also everybody's being affected by their own individual lives even pre-corona or post-corona because we're still gonna have to do one with our lives and a lot of people suffer and don't talk about things because one they feel we point out and use that to peer pressure them or bully them so I hold this program where I speak to people and I don't state who has asked me what questions to be answered I answer them because we all understand the peer pressure world now what I can explain about how do you maintain positivity how do you maintain strength in these hard times you know and also remember there are a lot of people who have been living the way corona has affected them now previously okay there are a lot of people who have hand-to-mouth jobs okay so I know one thing that I practice every day is the positivity of the psychology okay so you said every day when you wake up in the morning the best thing I can advise people is create a target create a focus okay create an envision of a place you want to be mentally stable and positive tell yourself today these are my tasks and today I'm going to try and accomplish all these tasks tasks sorry I will then continue to go on with a prayer proceed with a prayer to thank God for life to thank God for this moment that you're still alive there are a lot of people who are dying left right and center be it corona be malaria be it aids be it whatever there's still other sicknesses that are people are battling on a day-to-day basis okay thank God that you are healthy there is no poison in your body the next poison you need to avoid is depression because your mind can be your greatest healer your greatest power or it could be your greatest deceiver and the greatest killer you have to control your mind yes listen can you fix this situation yes and fix it can you fix this situation no then move on now another thing people are going through is wondering the main factor which is money how do you survive without me okay how do you make money this is why I tell people sit in your mind space sit and try and figure out what are you going to do what side hustle business can you do and don't give a damn about embarrassment it's not about image right now it's not about none of that it's what are you going to do to change it if you think okay let me get seeds I'm already creating a mindset with a future garden it might not help me right now but when they do grow they will help me and God knows how long corona is gonna okay change your mindset develop things you need to do around you right now you have access to reading you have access to the internet thank god the good side I could say about the internet in today's world is about content there's a lot of content there's a lot of positive content okay you can grasp a lot of content so use that opportunity if you have or if you're able to go online and research get your mind going don't sit idle and allow yourself to fall into negativity because guess what we're all stuck indoors whether you're with your partner your family or whatever mood swings about because of all in each other so I'm advising you at the same time come on I'm occupying the sitting room when occupy the kitchen someone else occupy the bedroom and then we take shifts kill I'm drawn a move so that we're going to go to bed sit down same applies who doesn't come here left or up or doesn't come here your mind to make a boundary okay yeah and say this is where I'm going to be for the next half an hour but it's called the mental phase to zone out and to meditate because you need that that's just the truth okay you have to be capable to create boundaries in your head and you also have to be capable to understand the lesson of patience right now the honest truth is at a comma for example below me say my bed seat I let's use that so to make fun of my bed I'll just have to understand you're going through body temperatures mind temperatures there's all sorts of things you're going through I'm gonna avoid pissing you off at a comma you're bullying me and you're poking at me I'm just gonna back off when you try your nonsense I'm just gonna because even they'll say it would be my turn we're human beings things shift and change so right now it's all about the subconscious and the power that you hold within yourself and your mind you can allow yourself to explode or you can allow yourself to calm down and to try and move forward with whatever you have maybe in just as we wrap this up first I won't tell you why you inspire me so much for a long time mean major you can either be empowered I'm a note but I don't know watching you through your clothing line through your music just through you as a person I see you can be fierce and and be a mom you can be fierce and have a man that doesn't make you any less of a woman you can be fierce right now you know addressing your nation you are woke enough to understand that mental health is not something to play around and and for that dark queen thanks manzee thank you and I know you have some stuff let people know if you're going through something please you can find me on facebook or instagram evan dark or twitter give us your handles yeah just evan dark which is yv o double and e d a r c q go there dm me whatever you're going through i'm here to help i'm also a motivational speaker i'm not just a musician i'm also a human being that happens and where i can help i'll help and where i can't help i'll advise you to somebody that can help you understand because we're all going through this right now together as a planet and we all must initiate support for example we're not telling you about jobs listen i'm a brand ambassador for a truth whitening kit okay i do this on to understand listen just because i'm an artist doesn't mean that that ends there i'm a hustler i'm a woman i'm a business woman i have imaginations at places i want to be i multitask understand the power of multitasking especially now in the time of corona it's about okay you can find me on facebook youtube twitter come and speak to me dm me it's a private conversation i call it a mental inspirational session okay i have new music out um we i was featured by the amazing african shabba okay an amazing artist from mombasa and the song is a beautiful song it's on youtube okay you need to go find it african shabba featuring yvonne dark you'll also find the song itself on my pages so please go there right now and get the song it's a very empowering song and it talks about a love situation that's gone wrong and that's toxic and the realization and the growth and the wokeness that comes from it when you start speaking out about it you know when you say enough is enough i can't do this anymore people wake up you know and um i also have a few other projects that are coming out of course i have my clothing line um dark collection and i have so many other things left right and center i have a cooking show that i started called dark reason you can find it on youtube um and again on my facebook and my instagram you will see a lot of episodes where i teach people how to cook um would you call it chapos mandazi like cake i give out my recipes i give out my recipes because i believe in helping in power people why do you always feel like you have to go to the restaurant you can also make five star meals in your home and be romantic with your loved one and do too many things in this time especially of corona where we need great we need stability and stability comes from creativity you know so that you don't go you don't go insane so um go to my page follow me let's talk um let's envision let's aspire let's inspire each other let's aspire each other to to just have each other's backs and to just get over and through this and it doesn't just end after corona we have to continue to be better people as we go in life helping doesn't always mean tessa come on you're able to help someone financially who said you can't help them with knowledge who said you can't help them by just helping balance them by just being there as a backup an ear to listen a heart to help a hug to give all right a lot of people need help in so many diverse different ways so again you can find me facebook twitter instagram y v o double and e d a r c q i am here for you i'm here to spread love you are not alone remember hashtag yana you are not alone and i've been doing it so far with chero she's an amazing woman has and we're there to just help preach and help push everybody in the best way we can to make them wake up we give also a referral you can go and find out information to wake up all right thank you so very it has been my honor to have you see you're just full of light they're just so full of light maize yeah just keep inspiring us out she thank you again say hi to chero tell i'm a fan yay i will in fact i have a live session with her tomorrow so you guys tune into my life oh and watch it i also have a new live session i'm doing with maya hayakawa who's also an amazing woman and we'll be doing it on thursday so you guys there's a lot of content there's a lot of information and a lot of strength and how much you can get so tune in thank you so much oh yeah did you have a fun video who had fun with that interview thank you so much