Hi, I'm Bob Powell of The Street, and today I'm here with John Pelletier, the Director of the Center for Financial Literacy at Champaign College in Brompton, Vermont. And the Center has just released a new study, the third of its kind that the Center has published called the 2017 National Report Card on State Efforts to Improve Financial Literacy in High Schools. John, welcome. Thank you for having me, Bob. So let's jump into, I think, one of the most startling findings. There are, by your measure, only five states that have earned a Grade A for teaching kids, high school kids how to be financially literate, and about 25% of the states in the U.S. received a Grade F. So talk a little bit about your findings and how you came to those conclusions. Sure. So what we've attempted to do is we've taken a deep dive at every state's policies. So we're looking at statewide policies on what education is required to graduate from high school with regard to learning about personal finance in those classrooms. And there are, unfortunately, only five states in the nation that require students to take the equivalent of a half-year course, so a semester course. That's 60 hours of instruction in personal finance in order to graduate. So that's not a large number of states. To get a B, which is different than an A, so an A is you have this equivalent of a really robust course that is equal to or greater than 60 hours because some states are offering it in a full-year academic course, and in one state it equals over 60 hours based on our estimates. The B states are very, very different because what they require is that there's a course that needs to be taken as a graduation requirement, like economics, and it's very clear what must be taught in that course that time must be allocated to personal finance topics. We give somebody a grade B if they require a course, and they have some level, and it's sadly modest. So grade B isn't a great grade. I want to make that clear. We only found six states where we could estimate very clearly that they required 15 hours of more, so 15 hours or more instruction in that course in personal finance topic. So to put it all together, that's 11 out of 50 states plus DC, so right, 50, 51 entities that require 15 hours or more of instruction. And when you look at some of these grade Bs, there's quite a few states that go from anywhere our estimates range from seven hours to 13 hours, and some because they leave it to local control, we can't estimate at all. Now that's totally different, at least in those A and B states, they're required to be taught something on this topic. Grade Fs are worse. At a grade F state, a student could graduate from high school without ever touching this topic, so the school doesn't have to offer it as an elective. They don't have to, certainly not a requirement. Many of the personal finance topics you and I are familiar with are really not a major part of an economics course, right? Maybe economics talks about needs and wants and opportunity costs, but it's really not deep diving into personal finance topics. So the one thing I hear from this report, this is the third time we do it, we update it every two years, people will say, wait a minute, I'm in a grade F state in California or Massachusetts, and my kid is required to take a course, or it's offered as an elective. That's great. You're an island of excellence in those states. It's being done because you have a superintendent, a board of principals or superintendents who are interested in this topic or teachers are promoting it and got it on as an elective. It's being done because of personal initiative. That's not state policy. This report carried measures state policy. All right, so let's talk about some of the states that do stand out in terms of state policy. You've identified just five states that earned an A. They were Utah, which got an A plus, Missouri, Tennessee, Virginia, and Alabama, all of which received an A. So I talk a little bit more about what those states did to earn their A's. What I'll do, Bob, is I'm going to really focus on Utah because nobody does it better than Utah. Let's focus on the state of Utah and why they got an A plus because they go over and above what some other states do. To get an A, it's really quite simple. You have to offer a class in personal finance or it's equivalent. We can clearly estimate that 60 hours or more of instruction is required. That's what all five A states share in common. What else does Utah do beyond that? In order to graduate from high school, you've got to take a course in personal finance that's equal to one semester course. Here's what they do. First, they do something few states do. Most educators have teaching certifications and they have endorsements on those certificates that say what you can teach. Just because you're a certified teacher in a state doesn't mean you can teach math and physics and language arts and a foreign language. They have expertise being able to teach physical education as a standalone endorsement. In most states, the vast majority of states, there is no required teaching endorsement that really proves personal finance. An example would be business educators or social studies teachers may be, that's your certification to teach economics, but that doesn't mean you've actually been trained to teach personal finance. In states where they don't put this into a class, the Cs and the Ds, whoever is teaching this in those high schools, it could be because they're interested in it and they raised their hand and they wanted to do it. I actually know of high schools where the person who gets stuck with it is the newest teacher because people don't want to teach it. What Utah did is they actually, and they put it in place a few years ago and gave teachers a few years to migrate to it. When they made this a requirement, they said, you know what, that's not good enough. You need to take so many hours of instruction on relevant topics at graduate level courses or seminars, and they actually had a boot camp that they created that everybody had to go through. That's really different. The other thing they did, which is fairly unique, there are a few states, Missouri being the other, that actually have an assessment exam that's tied to a personal finance course. They want kids to take a summative assessment that's offered online by the state and try and figure out how are we doing on this. If you have a really good assessment and we don't have one nationally, by the way, that's one of the problems. We have assessments on so many different topics. The reason assessments are good, I'm not looking for another high-stakes test, but if we don't have a national assessment that we can use in classrooms across the country, we don't know what works well. We don't know what curriculum works well. We don't know what topics kids are struggling with versus which ones they are having an easy time getting their head around. If you have really good national assessment data, you'd be able to maybe find these exceptional educators out there and quickly hop on a plane, go to their classroom and say, what are you doing that no one else is? How can we bottle what you're doing and replicate it elsewhere in the country? That doesn't happen either. Let me get one outcome of this study that will come to pass. The last thing is funding. Teacher training costs money. When they passed legislation years ago that really moved this forward. They set aside funding for teacher education. One of the fake facts in this space that you'll hear from folks in the educational community is that, oh, creating this new mandate will cost money. It won't cost money on curriculum. There's a lot of great free curriculum by nonprofits who, you know, this isn't the banking industry or the insurance industry creating their unique materials, trying to get clients. I'm talking arms-length nonprofits like NextGen Personal Finance, the National Endowment for Financial Education, Consumer Education, the Council, rather, for economic education. There are a lot of great nonprofits in this space with low cost or free curriculum. So that's not your real cost. Your cost, I think, to make this work well is educator training. Right. So you've just described in many ways what you've identified in the report as the key to success, right, that financial literacy topics must be taught in the course that's required as a graduation requirement that teacher training is critical. Funding is needed that educators have access to quality curriculum and that students have some sort of assessments to at least determine whether they're actually learning what is being taught. You mentioned, too, that there's a number of grade F states, I think, in the report that comes out to 11 states in the U.S. Obviously, those states are doing what the exact opposite, that they have no requirements for personal financial education that they can graduate without having to take a course, et cetera, et cetera. Yeah. Let me give you two examples that I'm going to, you know, one that I think is a grade F state that is punching above its weight and it's doing it with the help of the governor and financial regulators in that state and not many of these grade F states things are happening, but, you know, ironically, they're not happening through where you would expect them to happen, like the Department of Education. They're happening by the treasurer's office or whoever regulates, you know, securities or other insurance and financial products, you know, commissioners at that level or the governor is the one pushing it, but it's not really being pushed through the educational departments and they all share one thing in common. A lot of them it's local control, so I'll give you the ultimate local control state and so there is a state among that group of F where they don't, the state government doesn't even set any graduation requirements, right? So think about that. Right. Okay. Now you'll be surprised, Bob, right? Because I know where you've lived and you know where I've lived in the past. What state that is? That's Massachusetts. If you actually look at what they were, they don't require any graduation requirements. They suggest what's called the mass core, so a list of courses that they think everybody should take and have available and Massachusetts has one of the great, you know, education systems, public education systems in the country, so I'm not denigrating it at all, but it's that's the level of local control that they give. So for a real local control state like Massachusetts telling them to offer and make everybody take a personal finance course in high school is kind of hard to do when you historically don't require that for like algebra one. Even though many of the schools, probably all the schools in Massachusetts require it, you're doing it based on local control, they're not doing it by state mandate. And so that's one of the things that the local control states have in common and Treasurer Goldberg of Massachusetts, you know, as you know, she put together a commission that to look at personal finance in the state and this commission came back with a variety of recommendations, including things on the K through 12 levels. So the Treasurer has been very involved with this in Massachusetts and doing a lot of things and boy, I'd love to see Governor Charlie Baker get involved in this too.  And I hope that's the topic he'd cover Wisconsin's fascinating, right? Because what what they do is they're they're they're a great example of a local control state that I think is doing some pretty good things and in Wisconsin, the governor many years ago created an organization to kind of focus on on these issues. So there's a Wisconsin governor's council and and they they are trying to get schools, even though it's a very much a local control state, slowly, but surely they're trying to get more and more schools to have this as a requirement. But it's it's a decision made at the local district level, so it's much more of a grassroots campaign. So in Wisconsin, they have a report that came out in 2015 that according to that report, 64 percent of Wisconsin school districts with with a high school have a personal finance requirement for graduation. And it's either as a standalone course or they're embedding it in something else that's a requirement like say, you know, economics or maybe it's a senior life skill seminar. And and and so that that that's that's a jump up, you know, because a few years ago it was it wasn't that long ago before 2015 that it was below 15 per below 50 percent in the 40s and then before that in the 30s. So when you're in a local control state where historically people are uncomfortable making educational mandates at the state level, then you're you're fighting a guerrilla war. And so it's kind of a school district by school district fight. Yeah, you know, insisting in your study. And then in my reporting about the study, you noted that these educational interventions in high school appear to have positive impact on knowledge and measurable behaviors and that we know that from other studies that the absence of financial education has detrimental effects. And I saw that there was a post on the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis that showed that that measured financial literacy, lower financial lower levels of measured financial literacy have been associated with lower rates of planning for retirement, lower rates of asset accumulation, higher cost financial services, lower participation in the stock market, higher levels of debt. And on the other side, you know, Michael Collins out of the University of Wisconsin, Madison is shown in some of his some of the positive effects of financial education interventions, including the possibility that people manage their debt a little bit better when they do have it. But they tend to be more timely in their payments of their credit card. So it seems like we have evidence on both sides of the coin that that having financial education is a good thing and not having it is a bad thing. Absolutely. So where do you suggest in your report that that there have been some public policy movements as a result of your and other reports? And I guess where do we go from here knowing, you know, knowing the obvious and knowing all this research has proven what people would intuitively think is the case that education helps and that we see how education helps in other areas and it just seems quite silly and almost like we're doing a disservice to our nation's children and our grandchildren that we don't have these programs in place. Yeah, I mean, here's the reality, Bob, that the reality is we know that kids aren't learning this at home. And how do we know that there's been child's surveys and T-Rail prices been surveys of parents and teens and basically parents aren't particularly comfortable talking to their kids about money. And one very, this one's a little bit old, but it's my favorite.  Just think about that for a second. The sex talk is more uncomfortable or about as uncomfortable as the money talk. And so that's part of the fundamental problem. Money is not something people feel comfortable talking about in our society. And so that's part of the problem. The second, FINRA, they do this great investor, the FINRA Investor Education Foundation does this financial capability survey nationally about 30,000 people. And so they surveyed about 30,000 adults and they asked them the following question. Did you take and did you participate in personal finance education either in K through 12 school, college, if you went to college, or in the workplace? One in five adults said yes. That means four out of five have no personal finance educational training. So parents aren't doing it at home. As adults, nowhere in their life can they point to getting it. And so the question is where should we put it at a minimum, you know, in high school. High school makes sense for a lot of reasons. One is that we've got to remember not everybody goes to college. And the other thing we've got to remember is colleges aren't teaching this. They're not. They're very few colleges. I work at Champlain College. We required the class of 2012 to graduate with seminars where they had to take certain personal finance seminars on topics to graduate. And we have teeth in that. You can't sign up for classes if you don't meet your requirements each of your academic years. So there's not much going on at the collegiate level. There's not much education in the space that's going on at most schools in the K through 8 level. Where you can see it, where it exists, is at the high school level.  You mentioned, you know, Collins's work and he did a study with others. What they did is they looked at states that recently enacted a robust personal finance education requirement in high school. They went and they measured two things. I believe they did this with experience. They wanted to measure two things, credit scores and default rates on debt. And what they found is there was, as you would expect, when this requirement kicked in, they followed it for a few years with that senior graduating class and they looked at that youth segment of the data and there was an increase in the credit scores and a decrease in default rates. And the thought is, you know, well, wait a minute, how do we know that's not just the economy? And so they looked at adjacent states as control groups where there was no educational change and they didn't require personal finance to be taught. And there was no change in that youth data. So there's a study that I think is really important because it shows what's most important. What we want to drive is behavior with personal finance, not who's the third president of the United States, question and answers, right? You know, that sort of esoteric knowledge is great, but we really want to change behavior. The second thing we did that we train educators were one of the few places in the country where educators can get a master's degree training on how to bring personal finance into the classroom. We followed those trained educators into the classroom. And what we found, as you'd expect, this isn't shocking data, that students trained by highly trained educators did better, right? You know, their knowledge level went up on a pre and post test basis. And we compared them to the knowledge by the center study. There are five questions that they've given. It's now up to six. But when we did this study a while back, there were only five that were kind of general financial knowledge questions. And these are those questions you see all the time. You know, are you financially literate? Answer these six questions. And Elisadia helped create them over at George Washington University. And they're great questions. They've been used nationally and internationally. Our kids lead for our two generations, the 16, 17 and some 18-year-old kids were doing as well on these five questions as folks who were 34 to 49 years old. And so, and that's if people are interested, if you search Champlain College Center for Financial Literacy and Prep for Success, you can see that executive summary report. So we know it works. And it's really just getting I think one of the goals of the report is to give people the information they need, whether they're parents trying to do this with a superintendent or a school board member or their legislators who we work with who are trying to introduce changes in their state. This report is literally created for them because what ends up happening is when you're not an expert on an issue, people tell you you can't do something. And what this report shows you is it can be done, it is being done. And here's how they're doing it. So two last questions. One is it would strike me, given that so many companies in private industry would have a vested interest in a financially literate population, that credit card companies, mutual fund companies, brokerage firms, Experian and whatnot. But there are a lot of companies that could also throw some money behind these efforts at the state level and create public-private partnerships of some sort where everyone wins, that educators that might be strapped for funding could benefit from maybe money that comes from a credit card company website that teaches financial literacy. Yeah, I think there's a couple of barriers there. So I totally agree with you. So let me start by saying agree with everything you said that that's a natural place for partnership.  And that's a fear that educators have, that's a fear that parents might have. And the other thing is your organizations want to do good but they want to get credit for it too. And so to me the partnerships that are likely to be the most successful and one that comes to mind is Bank of America works with the Khan Academy to create a series of financial literacy educational videos is teaming up with a really respected non-profit, unbiased group, give them the money, help them deliver a program, but stay out. Because what you find again and again and again in this space is that when somebody gets involved, the first thing they want to do is create their own branded curriculum in this area. So I'm thinking of recent entrance just in the past maybe three to five years that come to mind. PricewaterhouseCoopers wanted to get involved with this, so they rent and created with the Wharton School curriculum and they did teacher training, all good stuff, but there's already curriculum that's out there. And so we're drowning in a SIA curriculum. A lot of it is free or low cost. Some are from truly 100% non-profit, some are for free but they've been sponsored by financial institution. Vanguard has a program that they've come out with and so what we have are all of these programs competing against each other. So we don't have two or three national standards of curriculum and so where I think the money would be and I'm biased, but to me the leverage in the educational system, if I were spending dollars and I was in a marketing department at a big financial institution, I'd be focused on educator training. You know, one educator at the high school level who could probably bring this to a hundred or more students per academic year if highly trained, that teacher may once they're trained be able to bring this education to a thousand or two thousand students before they retire. And so that's to me, you know, I'm from the financial industry prior to this, the leverage in the educational system is the teachers. If we can have better teachers and give them access to tools, that's the way to go. We've created a website. If folks are interested in looking at it, it's teachfinlit.org, F-I-N-L-I-T, teachfinlit.org. It's geared toward high school educators and everything on that came from a professional learning community of high school teachers that we actually, you know, gave us stipends to. It's stuff that they like and stuff that they use and I don't know why. Maybe if you do a Google search instead it'll come up. Right. So the other question I have is around, you mentioned standards, you mentioned FINRA and they measure the five or six questions where people are asked about these basic financial concepts. And I guess, you know, in the absence of a financial education program and in hopes that maybe they get some financial education from their parents or from somewhere, what are the four or five or six things that people absolutely must learn by the time they graduate? Is it compound interest? Is it diversification? What from your perspective are the four or five things that they should really master before they get out of a great place? That's a great, great, great question. And so, and your focus being high school or college or both? I'd say high school, right here. Because not everyone goes to college, right? Yeah, yeah. So you know what I think, you know, I'll leave them, I'll narrow it down to maybe three, right? I don't even have to go up to five. But one of the most important things is understanding credit scores. And so credit scores are really, really important because they they impact what you're going to pay on credit for your entire life, whether it's for mortgage, whether it's for an automobile loan or lease, whether it's for a credit card. And so your credit score, you know, which is a number that says how likely is this person to repay me if I'm a creditor? That's really what it does. Understanding what behaviors will help or hurt your credit score. And I think it's credit.com. And I have a link somewhere in the report that has a calculator. I'm not saying that the calculator is perfect. I don't have all the underlying detail. It's directionally correct where you can put in your state, your age, and whether or not you're a male or female, and it will come out with a estimate of what they think the credit is going to cost you over the rest of your working lifetime and how much interest you're going to pay. And the key point is, and I think it's absolutely directionally correct, is someone with poor credit, but good enough to get credit versus someone with excellent credit, you're probably going to double how much you pay. So it could be something like, I'm going to pay 150 or 200,000 in lifetime interest charges. If I have great credit, I'll double it. That's what you're going to be paying with really bad credit. And so, you know, the thing I like to use with students is a credit card offer. And a credit card offer will say, congratulations, you've been pre-approved. Your interest rate on your credit card is going to be 12%, 18% or 23%. And I say, well, how can they have three different rates? Well, which bucket you fall into depends entirely upon your credit score. So that's, you know, in that example, it's like, could be 10 or 11% more in interest per annum, just because you weren't paying attention and focusing on your credit score. You know, I had one educator who came through our teacher training program, who I ran into four or five years later, and she said, thank you, I increased my credit score to 200 points. I'll credit score, then understand your credit report and, you know, and make sure you look at your credit report. Or if you don't have one, you know, you got to create a credit history and there are ways of doing that. The other thing is budgeting, understanding how to budget, I think, and know where you're spending money on. So many people say that I'm living paycheck to paycheck. There's no way I can do something different, but they don't actually track all the leaks, you know, and the things that they don't have to have that maybe they could put away. I think we're all subject to it, you know, which are those impulse buys. And all you have to do is go to any grocery store, you know, look at all the stuff as you're waiting in line to pay that they're trying to get you or your kids to want, whether it's a candy or the National Enquirer.  It's not something we need. But it's something that interests us. So I think those two are, you know, critically important. The third, which would be my last one is compound interest. You know, the example I use with kids is generally a good rule of thumb is if you can get a decent rate of return a little over 7%, about 7.2% a year, you can double your money every decade. So if grandpa, you know, passes away, and he gives you $10,000 and says, you know, save this for your retirement, don't do anything, just, you know, put it in an S&P 500 index fund from Vanguard, for example, or something like that, or an ETF, just leave it alone. If you did that, that 10,000, when you're 18, when you're 68, right, which is probably around your retirement age, is going to be there right now, it goes, you know, goes up to 67. I'm sure it's going to keep going up. So let's say you're 68 in your retire, that's now worth $320,000. Yeah, you're $10,000, right?  That's the power of compounding. And we live in a world today where we used to at least be able to understand some level of compounding when we had savings accounts, but, you know, we're not even paid 1% on our money. So I think that the, I really worry about this generation's lack of understanding about how compounding works. Yeah.  Absolutely correct. So, all right, John, this has been a pleasure talking to you about the study. My guest has been John Pelletier, the director of the Champlain College for Center or Financial Literacy. We've been talking about their latest study that looked at how well states are doing in terms of preparing high school students to become financially literate. The study is called the 2017 National Report Card on State Efforts to Improve Financial Literacy in High Schools. And there's also a story on the street that also describes in additional detail our conversation and the report. Thanks, John. Thanks for having me, Bob. Take care.


Hello everyone, I am your teacher Robin welcome to today's live stream I'm checking the chat here. I can see a lot of people here Lolli Lolli Laila Pallavi LaVanya Rita Welcome welcome students good students Good students come on time Or early sleepwalkers here Who is the first? man Are there any men here today? I don't see any men commenting if you're a man. Let me know Hit the table Thank you Laila for notifying me you can hear me and see me and cannot hear you and see you I can only hear you read your comment Are you green with envy Robin? Yes? I am green with envy I'm with a green man today Sleepwalkers says I look perfect Maybe you're expecting my face to also be green like the thumbnail sorry to disappoint All right, if you have any questions start typing them I do have some news. I was gonna talk last week about the news, but I didn't get to it three things to tell you That are gonna happen in the future Number one I will start a Zoom class Start testing a zoom class For the members so I might start that next Monday I'll see how it goes. I want to start a zoom class testing So next Monday About an hour before this time I'll start that with the members So lolly lolly you can join that if you want Laila Any other members today? That's the first beat the second piece of news is I will probably start streaming on I will continue this Livestream, but I'll also start streaming on Facebook at the same time So we might have a lot new a lot more members coming in the future because I will potentially live stream on Facebook What else checking where I will live stream so I might Yeah, I might Facebook and I don't know I might try live streaming on Twitter and see how they go see how that goes So I might might be a lot of new people here coming next week That's the second piece of news and the third piece of news is I'm thinking of changing my YouTube channel Robbins English world to Robbins daily homework so every day I would upload a video with homework to give So I'm thinking I might do that with Robbins English world Anyway, let's see what you guys are talking about All your viewers are females. Mm-hmm. You know why because Because of what's that Most men I'm sorry to say come from Muslim countries like Indonesia The Middle East Pakistan countries like that and they have problems following the rules, right? They like to talk to the girls and stuff So I'm usually blocking most men We do have Some good good people here who do follow the rules, but Women always follow the rules women are great students. They listen they follow the rules, but men They like to break the rules. So I know I don't I don't have many male fans because I'm usually fighting with them Even today I was fighting with Few people in the other group All right, Layla has a question so let's get into it. Let's get into learning some English today That's too small Dude, that's too big about 60 Yeah, that's a good size Or should I put the comments? all right Layla says She wanted to update his boss on She already prepared all reports. Did I use update properly? She wanted to update. Oh There's a boom Layla, there's a lot of problems here because you're using she and then you're using his Doesn't work and then use she again So she wanted to update her boss That on that she already prepared all the reports Okay, she wanted to update her boss That she already prepared all the reports. So in this case update works Being okay bashers here Zena and hello So again Monday Zoom class that was the news updated the news to Facebook streaming The three was Daily Homework channel. I might change my that's what I'm thinking Any other questions Eunice? Hello? Mu taz Hassan hello, okay the men now all the men came late Girls were early the men were late we in hello long time. No see Layla says you guys got to get the questions in I Changed it takes color black It's critical to read the instructions before John joining Robbins groups. Yes I noticed my instructor of drug uses critical instead of important. So do native speakers usually use it very often Excuse me, I'm coughing. I hope I'm not sick Well, yeah Interesting interesting interesting. So this instruct or it's critical to re-read instructions before Robbins During Robbins, I'm just gonna make sure people understand what's that groups or social groups and she's asking why don't they input put important and Layla, I'm gonna say actually important is The better word or important is more precise. It's more exact, but I think we use critical This critical means like you're gonna die or something like something is very very serious Now is it very very serious to read the instructions in my group? No, it is important So I think native speakers might just throw in critical for emphasis to emphasize Really really important, but actually the more precise word is probably just important. All right MD Mubasher has some questions Are these sentences Knocking on the door that seems a little strange. I'm gonna say no is coming soon. How do you pronounce? Eid Mubarak, is that how you pronounce it checking the Pronunciation we are looking at how to pronounce how to say I Mubarak I'd Mubarak. So you used Knocking at the door. I would just say is coming soon. I'd Mubarak to all of you maybe Happy Happy I'd Mubarak to all of you. I again, I'm I don't know It's coming soon Happy I'd move I'd I'd read Ones how to say I'd Mubarak I'd Mubarak, okay. So I'd Mubarak to all you so happy Might be correct. I don't know I'm not the teacher to ask that question But I hope that helps sleepwalker Robin my question is about the word appalling. Okay Meaning is similar to awful Yes, horrible, but when is it natural to use a Paul appalling exactly? It's a very it's stronger than awful horrible. That's for sure So it has to be a really terrible terrible Terrible thing. I don't need these I Saw an awful So awful synonym will be terrible Horrible so I think these are very close synonyms awful Terrible horrible. So I saw an awful accident on the highway. I saw a terrible accident on the highway I saw a horrible accident on the highway very similar Appalling I think it's just a little bit stronger. So So appalling is more like Very awful Very terrible very horrible. It's just a from my view. It's just a little bit stronger Vanya how to use if That's a very general statement if can be used in many ways And you get a little more specific Critical mistakes. Well, there are critical mistakes. Let's talk about critical Critical English mistakes now when I edit we have two set of two sentences here We have food me eat young apple. Yes Okay, so when I look at a sentence like food me eat do I understand What this person is trying to say The grammar is terrible like this is not good grammar. This is appalling grammar Appalling grammar food me me eat But do I understand and yes food me eat I can guess That this is probably I eat food So although the grammar was terrible or appalling I do understand what this person was trying to say Now when we look down here young apple. Yes, I Don't understand so the grammar and the content and Understanding and everything is Terrible appalling. I don't understand. So I consider these more very critical Critical mistakes. These are you know mistakes. I can understand Just a little grammar mistake or a big grammar mistake, but these are critical mistakes because Here we still have communication. I Can still understand the information you're giving me it's broken, but it is English. I do understand but here Communication is impossible. I do not understand. So we're gonna have a problem So I consider these critical mistakes and Maria. Good morning. Well, it's Almost 11 p.m. For me Blabby Teacher you are you're always telling us read read read and read read read read. I'm confused what things I should read Read what you enjoy reading So The best thing to read is a book at your level Don't read Harry Potter. That's too high. You want to read a book at your level very important to read your level But of course, I know everyone here You don't like books anymore, and you don't have time to read books. I understand So if you don't like books, don't read books But the books are the best. What else could you read newspaper or articles? Do you enjoy newspaper articles? maybe not so If you don't like that, don't read that comic books There's a lot of Comic book sites, let's see if I can find one really quick. I should have I'm just looking for comic book sites. I Don't know. This is kind of random. I don't recommend these comic books. I'm just looking There's a good comic book site There's probably an app you can get all right, so It might be good to find a comic book. These are really good for reading You can find whatever Genre category you like you feel like romance history action, whatever read the comic books You can read those that's one thing you can read If you don't like comic books, don't read comic books at a basic level social media So Twitter, Facebook Posts things like that You can you can read that stuff every day and If you don't like reading at all try writing So write a story write about a diary write something so you know if you're reading and writing do his best Do as much as you can as often as you can Just do something right? Figure out what you like. It's very important to Enjoy it enjoy What you're reading because if you're not enjoying it you're not gonna learn okay if you in whatever you find to read You have to enjoy it because you got to do it every day That helps All right. There's a lot of questions Appealing and appalling well, it's a pronunciation question. That's a you can see right there that word peel Paul Peeling appalling. Oh happy Eid in English and in Arabic Eid mubarak I'd I'd mubarak mubarak win Winsay we withdraw our return Our saving money with my fight. It was the bank in the bank here is it Not this might be a critical error because I'm not sure what you're trying we withdraw or return our saving money I'm not sure. I'm not sure what you're trying to save me. Can you try again? Maybe you need to drink warm water for your throat. I probably do Do you chat with students on zoom every Monday? I might What's the difference between horrible and terrible nothing? Do you know what the issue is on your computer? Do you know what is the issue on your computer? What is this might be a spoken thing?  What is the issue? This is just gonna be This is just gonna be a spoken way Layla wouldn't worry about it. That is might be here. It might come after Just native speakers are using the grammar in different ways Lollie Lollie says In France May 1st is a holiday It's not Labor Day Labor Day is in September in Canada in Korea It's not a holiday No, Canada May 1st is nothing in Korea May 1st is nothing Labor Day in Canada. I think is the first Monday in September. Yeah, today is no holiday Okay, Robin. I would like to ask about one problem that I have in English vocabulary. You didn't ask and I'm Maria How to pronounce Well, the second one is not a word. Oh, you got to be So this is gonna sound like a through This is not a word, but if you take out the R it is now That's gonna be sound like a thought that's gonna be a throw This is not the correct spelling. Okay, there's thought That's not a word It's not a word, but that is a word Sounds like tough. It's not like laugh. It sounds like through Maybe you meant though Because though is often a confused word though through though Thought so the vowel sounds gonna change through Oh, ah Throw tough laugh vowel sounds changing. Oh, I love through though thought throw tough laugh love That's how you pronounce those words I could talk at another hour on these words, but sorry Anna Maria hand Oreo In every in every each can I say every each you can say in every language we make mistakes when speaking or writing yep Everyone makes mistakes in every language What's the difference between realize notice figure out to understand find out discover a whoa Eunice This is an impossible question to answer in minutes because each each of these words As hundreds of different situations and you want me Go through every situation I'll do my best to give you a simple rule, but there is actually no simple which ones are synonyms I'm gonna organize these Think these three are closer synonyms. I figured out I found out I discovered You you found the information So I think these are very close synonyms you found some information I understand you Eunice I think you know this word and I noticed This is an observation and I realized So discover in a different context these might be Close I Noticed yeah, this question is too big Eunice because each of these Depends on the situation sometimes they mean the same thing sometimes they mean very different things if you want to know what each Individual word means that's what the dictionary is for so Eunice I think to figure out this vocabulary it's better you bring in some example sentences And you say hey Robin. Can you check these example sentences? And I'll tell you if you're right Sleepwalkers says Robin I saw someone said I'm being graphic I'm graphic What can mean? Okay? I know what they mean What can it mean if a person is talking about herself? Graphic in this case in this case, this is usually just spoken English So being graphic usually means They're giving Discussing details Or they're giving me they're telling a story and they're giving too many details and the details are I don't want to I don't want to hear About those details and I'll give you an example Example story not a true story yesterday.  All right, you're giving too many Details that I don't I don't need to say those details, but I'm giving you all the kind of disgusting details Mubasher you Mubasher you need a Muslim teacher Can you correct these sentence? I don't know if I'm doing it right He'd more Brock to I what was I already forgot I Move a rock I'd move a rock I'd move Brock to so again happy I'd to you and You got to move this Beloved to You and your beloved family your I'd be full of love comma laughter comma and light What does light mean? love laughter and Okay, leave it light may Allah grant all of your wishes and they'll come true May Allah grant all of your so I don't think you need this Because if Allah grants all of your wishes that means they come true. So this is kind of Redundant you're saying the same thing.  I don't know what Muslims say Also, I'd like to know the meaning of these words through throughout Throughout it's the same word throughout out. That's not work dictionary man. You I Never use your Teacher as a dictionary Check the dictionary This is good manner good etiquette with your English teacher Asking your English teacher teacher. What does this word mean? Oh? Don't waste your teacher's time you as a student you got to check the dictionary and then try to use the word in a sentence and Then bring that sentence to the teacher and say hey teacher. Can you check? These sentences of this word and then the teacher will say well, what a great student lazy students ask What does this mean? So, so you know, sorry, I don't teach dictionary vocabulary here Sleepwalker Lollie here is a Labor Day as well In Russia In Russia every day is Labor Day. We work Okay, who's asked Layla? Is there any difference if I say what is your Instagram account? What is your Instagram handle? But I use first. Well, I'm old so I don't know You should say I notice young native speakers use second more Um Both are okay. Both are okay account or handle handle is kind of means your nickname so both are okay and you say I In my videos, I think my hundred question videos I have on my channel. I use the question handle But if you say what's your what is your Instagram account name? Or whatever, I think that's fine Layla. I don't think there's There's a rule Mald 8 NATO. Hello Layla I like comic books because I can understand the idea because of the pictures great Pallavi teacher, you know, I don't have any social media accounts except YouTube. Wow, that's great. I Hate social media But you have what's that? Number one Hate that to Instagram hate that three Facebook Eat that I got to use that because that's how I interact with students. I have to use it But I know I don't interact with my friends or family Lolli Lolli, I love ebooks on YouTube because I can read and listen at the same time. Well, there you go. Oh, yes Thanks, Lolli Lolli because you brought up a whole other thing audio books You can listen to books. This is what Alyssa does. She's not here right now, but everyone knows Alyssa is blind She cannot read so she she listens to a lot of audio books Great way to if you can get audio books. So yeah, Lolli Lolli says on YouTube. There's audio books Let's take a quick look Yeah You can find audio books. I just typed in audio books at the top here. And this is like how, you know, there's self-help books the art of war Sherlock Sherlock Holmes has a level two Alyssa Wonderland Harry Potter. Ah Yeah, there's a lot of audio books Those those would help too. Thanks for mentioning that Lolli Lolli Pallavi wants me to pronounce these words Where Now this is confusing because if you say ear No, so these two words sound the same where where where all the same where where where Were there's only one were and tick and then thick Where were tick Thick pronunciation is a physical action. So thick your tongue has to come out Layla, could you please check my following sentences? Okay, let's take a look I'm done from the reading and translation of the last three lessons I'm finished got too many words. I'm I finished Yeah, that's gonna be better. I finished the reading and translation of the last three Excuse me. Okay. I finished The reading and translation of the last three you don't want to Use done Do Doh, La Vanya, I can't pronounce w words with we we Making a kiss action with we Can be hard. I know Mubasher What are they doing there a threshing rice with threshing machine with with threshing machine I am not a farmer What is the dried rice wheat tree called? I don't know what the dried There's no It's not a tree. It's a plant so we call rice rice plant It has a scientific name. There's Asian rice. There's African rice or is a Glabarima I Don't know that's not that's not a common thing Native speakers. No, so that's more of a scientific thing and I don't know But your sentences they are Threshing rice. Do you thresh rice? I know we thresh wheat Yeah, I guess threshing. They are threshing rice With a threshing machine Mubasher. I'm not a farmer. I don't know This looks okay to me Pallavi teacher like to learn I like to learn I like to learn new words But reading from dictionary is very boring teacher. So what can we do for it? How are you gonna learn new words unless you read and if you If you don't understand the word And you have to check the dictionary How how else are you gonna learn the word? Zayn and Grace Pallavi read comics. Okay Swift Jonathan Swift is one of the many well-known Prejudice of it. Could we use fame? No, not Jonathan Swift. Just Swift is the name of the person Famous and well-known. Yeah, I exchangeably we want to use the word interchangeably So interchangeably means you can Use this word or that word. It means the same thing Well-known certainly is a synonym of famous Yes instead of well-known you could use famous Robin don't be so graphic Aruna e do hello You can watch. Oh, yeah, Anna Maria has a good way of reading to Watch TV series with English subtitles Awesome. That's a good way for reading practice reading also Watching movie TV with English subtitles sleepwalker Robin do you use the expression roly-poly in the meaning fat? No, I don't Where are you learning this stuff sleepwalker? Roly-poly, I don't doesn't mean there's a Korean video called Roly-poly It means a little fat. I don't know how it's used Can't help with that one sleepwalker. It's just the dictionary says a little fat. I'm doing my chore as well I'm listening to Robin to dance on somebody's grave.  He is dead Who are you happy That they're dead I'm cleaning the kitchen while listening to Robin. I'm listening to Robin when cleaning the kitchen which one is correct You want to use while? An act two actions happening at the same time you're using continuous This is good. This is the sentence you want to use. I am cleaning I Am cleaning Continuous it's happening now the kitchen while two actions happening at the same time Listening to Robin. This is the perfect sentence. So let's fix up Anna Maria's sentence I am in the church waiting for the service to start while I Watch I See the live stream. Yeah, you don't really see it you watch it and Eunice That's okay. Eunice is defending Let's see what the Eunice is but sometimes dictionaries Don't give me a clear idea about the difference between some words. Correct That's why I ask you this kind of question. Okay. I understand and I'm sorry if I annoyed you teacher a Hundred people ask me questions every day. So Anyway, Eunice you bring up a good point. The dictionary is not enough Eunice is right Dictionary is not enough to explain all the situations. We use these words. Sometimes the word might be negative Sometimes the word might be positive dictionary is not enough, but Eunice. I'm gonna say the English teacher is not enough Asking me is not enough because I cannot think of every case and Sometimes there's words like sleepwalker use roly-poly or roly-poly. I don't even know how to pronounce it In some regions of the world they might use that a lot, but I haven't been exposed to it So I don't know I can't help So right here is the key Reading a lot is the best solution to get the sense of words. You want the sense of words When a word is used you might understand what the word means, but when it's put in a sentence, you're not quite sure You know exactly the sense of that word positive negative something like that Reading a lot Gives you exposure to many words That is the solution Teachers and dictionaries are not enough you have the power miss read more Mubasher different ways to say are you there hmm? Are you there? Hello, and I'm done. I don't know another way to say are you there? Are you home? Are you? Are you there? It's a rainbow basher. This is pretty direct Harry 300 hello Harry 300. Let's see what you get to say How do you call a person whose job is helping us to do chores every day is two words and they even live with us Is it made or a housekeeping or something else? We have live in Housekeeper that's the job, and I think we have Live in maid. I think it means the same thing Let me just check See you ness. I don't know that if I got it. I got to check myself The sense of maid and housekeeper Okay, okay, so yeah the housekeeper Usually cleans the house and the maid Cleans the house and maybe cooks and maybe other other duties, so To me they're the same and probably depend on people's opinion and region in the world They might be a little bit different But I think there's a same but technically I think a maid has more responsibilities Harry 300 hope that helps Oh Also, just like snapchat. Yeah, I use it hardly. I hardly you want to say I hardly I Hardly use it because some of my relatives and friends use it. Okay, you don't like talking to your relatives and friends Maybe you want to say I sometimes use it because some of my relatives and friends use it Thereseo Valentim says Hi Robin. Okay. Hello I think you are well. Yes, please check if that word is correct You can eat chocolate but not too much. Yeah, it looks good Layla says I always try to seek out different and new terms to use them while speaking He tried to seek out a better job, but he didn't do these sentences make sense using seco Yes, they were fine Layla Please make some sentences with fart and hiccup. How would you use them? This is there's another word here burp.  I did you would say I just farted but farted a little bit direct So kind of polite way to say that Usually people don't say anything right if you fart you're gonna be quiet. I hope no one smells that But if you do want to say you could say I just passed gas or you could say I farted Burped of course the you drink something and what burp and then hiccups is I have the hiccups So my question to chat is how often do you fart? Teacher what are the differences between bizarre odd and weird strange? They're all synonyms They're all synonyms. They all mean the very similar thing Some sentences they might be a little bit different, but I cannot think of the thousands of different sentences they're used but I would say Most of the time they mean the same thing bizarre odd weird strange so if I said your Your brother is Bizarre your brother is odd Your brother is weird your brother is strange That mean the same mean the same thing in English. There is a word That we cannot even translate them to other language because it makes sense only in English I think it related to the culture that why sometimes I confuse yes Yes Yes Translations Some words and expressions you cannot translate and then some words you can translate But it's different. I'm gonna use example Now if we have shut up so you can in the Korean language They have a word shut up and in English we have shut up so you can translate it, but in Korean the word shut up has a very strong power of Like 10 whereas in English the power is yeah, it can be strong depending on the situation, but the power is slightly Could be a six or seven So even words can translate directly But actually the the feeling and the power of that word Not the same. It's not the same So Eunice, I know To get that sense you have to expose yourself to a lot of English toy as well Usually active on YouTube music Instagram snapchat. What's up telegram these days? Stop Frida stop last week. I Was watched no, no, you got you just say I watched the Korean Series poison love let's capitalize that because it's a name of a series Correct or not. So here you go last week comma I watched the Korean series poisoned love Okay, I Didn't watch that. I don't watch Korean series Lavi says Teacher it's really hard for me to understand English idioms Don't study them. You don't need to know them a Lot of students think they need to study idioms You know, there's some common idioms, but there's a lot of idioms. You don't need to know I wouldn't wait. I never tell my students to study idioms Eunice I'm still confused about the context. It's normal teacher. You are not obligated to answer. I can check for that I'm just sharing my thoughts about English if you don't mind, of course. No, yeah Yeah, I I know I know your struggle Eunice. I know Jacob Pattinson. Hello What's up the ceiling? Please walker How's your Sunday going going? Well? How is your Sunday Jacob? I ordered a big meal for dinner this evening. Good native speakers say I bought a big meal Instead of saying order. Yeah native speakers will say anything.  Can we use redundant word or phrasing conversation? For example, you can ask a question now Wait, can we use redundant words or phrases in Congress? For example, you Can Ask a question now Yes I'm not sure what's the redundant part You can ask a question now You can use this phrase House assistant. No, we don't you we don't use house assistant Sleep walker No, the ratio, okay Rita's laughing. I don't know what you're laughing at. All right, Anna Maria Frida. Oh, I'm a cut up Well, Layla just came in with a question. All right. I'm gonna end this live stream in a few minutes Don't drink overly. Oh, no too much. Don't drink too much. We always say don't drink too much We don't use other words That might get you out of that might Get you out of girl that might make you out of control Out of control make you out of control. Did I use overly? No We don't say overly drink. So where would we say overly? Actually, I don't use overly very much Overly Here's a place we can use overly She was an overly possessive woman or overly. Yeah, let's just so we can use Overly with an adjective Let's so Overly drink would work in that case so overly with adjective. He was overly cautious Too safe Overly. Well, I not every case but certainly with an adjective got Robin Harry 300. Let's take a look Thanks, Robin. The second question How do you pronounce fun guy fun guy? Native speakers said it in dear. Oh, this is a I'm confused I'm confused because I watched many videos native speakers said it in different ways How about you I say fun guy now? Why why do native speakers say in a different ways? Well regional regional differences So they might be British English American English even in America different parts of America there might be regional difference how they pronounce that To So it's a scientific word. So native speakers might pronounce that wrong. They don't know how to pronounce it now I pronounce that fun guy Am I right? Well, I'm gonna check in a moment right now. I'm gonna check my pronunciation See if I pronounce it correctly. So I'm gonna go to my Oxford dictionary We'll type it in See if I pronounce it. Oh, see They only have the plural Here's fun guy Fungi Fungi is British But American here fun guy fun guy fun guy Fungi Fungi Fungi Fungi Fungi Fungi Fungi. All right, as you can see there are so many different pronunciations Fungi fungus fungus Fungi fungi Fungi Fungi Fungi Fungi Fungi fungi fungi fungi fungi fungi There you go, there's so many different pronunciations of that word and a Maria Teacher, do you think a person that is not a native speaker of English can get the accent of a native after a while? No, I Am not an accent teacher and I don't support accents so I don't like that question. I hope no student Wants to This is how I expect so I Really hope none of you want an American or British accent if that is your goal Please stop you don't need that English is an international language if you think you need an American or a British accent You need to sound like me. You're thinking is wrong Really really wrong because this no no Unless if you if you're if you're going to live in America or you're going to live in England or you're going to live in Australia Yes, you should try to have a regional accent But if you're going to if you're going to Australia Probably naturally you're gonna learn that accent But if you do not plan to live in that area and you're studying English in your country You don't need an American accent if that's your goal I will never help you because that is wasting time wasting time So you can have your country's accent is fine That is 100% a Great accent Robin. Are you at home this moment? Yes? I am You have a celebrity crush not at all not at all Really is an advert by salary. Okay Thank you, Leila Oh, we have the common Esther is Esther teacher still teaching Yes No So Esther doesn't Esther night don't live in the same country. So it's very difficult for us to film of videos so Hopefully I will film videos with her again. Maybe next year. Maybe the year after that Please edit the following text. I can write all at once. Please add all my sentence below in it. Oh, come on MD. Mabash are When doing your emails or homework here? Be advanced I'm sorry. I'm a basher. It's too much. I can do simple questions, but you're getting me to edit paragraphs Sorry Sorry, man.  All right. Thank you Lolly Lolly Can't help laughing and I can't stop laughing Which of these sentences the most useful both of them are the same Sometimes but they can be they're both used. I can't help laughing means. Yeah, they're similar Both are used. Thank you, Eunice. Okay. See you Leila. All right. I'm gonna end it too thank you everyone for joining today and Go back to the main screen. Hope you learned something and I'll talk to you again in the future Some changes coming so hopefully Hopefully We'll have more opportunities for you to practice English and as you can see I'm tired right now and Harry 300 comes in Thanks, Robin. The third question. I wonder about the question we use to get ordinal mums as an answer the answer I'm the third child that looks right. I meant Anna Maria I'm planning to go to an English native country and you know, I don't want to be fluent in English I want to speak that in the best way Anna Maria. You have no problems with your accent. All right Sorry, if I didn't answer your question, I'm gonna end because I you don't want to watch me sleep


పావ్స్తార్ మానిడిందాయతునింది పోటౌడిందార్న్ అఆదసాగానిది ది మాస్ప఑యిదానేరంది. పతిండి మాని పానికికి. మమానికాస్ప్ చిసివంద నాటిత్ని. వారామారారాదిలి. పౠివింి నిందారిక్నిలూ. గారి నారిందికూతా. నికికూది గాఔకినికా కికియంటైవకాి. so let me move to the next area what is weather sensitiveness so weather sensitiveness can be defined as under a prevailing weather the crop growth gets stopped closed stop when we were discussing about the cardinal temperature the minimum temperature required for barley oats is around three degree centigrade so here the weather sensitivity suppose the temperature is one degree or zero degree the crop does not germinate so weather sensitiveness can be defined as under a prevailing weather condition the crop growth gets stopped or crops so sensitiveness to unfavorable weather that is very very important this may be for a crop entire crop apple tree cannot be grown in semi-arid climate one example so it is weather sensitive and also crop stages you take wheat crop it does require a cool temperature during its vegetative stage from germination if the temperature is more than 20 degree centigrade or 24 degree centigrade during daytime the vegetative stage gets affected and your yield also got affected so in the case of the wheat vegetative stage the rice is the flowering stage so for different crops different stages are there those stages are weather sensitive and the particular farm operations farm operations also weather sensitive so we were discussing about dryland agriculture in the absence of the rainfall can you go for sowing and dryland it is impossible but in irrigated condition you can take up sowing with groundwater support so this is weather sensitive farm operation under your dryland agriculture now weather sensitive crops now as he told you earlier the climate influence the distribution of crops over different regions of the world and hence the temperate crops are sensitive to weather that prevail in plain areas of the tropical climate understood we were discussing over and over on this subject example apple plum procoli of temperate climate have weather sensitive to tropical climate so weather sensitive see accordingly we have to prepare our agro adversaries based on the weather forecast that will be detailing very much during our later classes there are weather sensitive crop stages a particular stage of a crop is weather sensitive to weather that prevail during crop growing period for example cotton is being grown across the different countries when a bowl bursting is there it may occur under to 150 days if it rains it is highly weather sensitive so accordingly we have to develop our agro adversaries suppose if it is raining during bowl bursting up post phone you are picking go for next sunny day for harvesting like that you have to prepare weather sensitive stages higher maximum temperature during vegetable stage of a wheat crop I told earlier cloudiness that prevailed from flowering to mature stage in rice crop very very important from flowering to 15 days earlier to harvest there must be a sunny day they say that the radiation must be available to the rice crop to make the grains highly productive so you will be getting more yield if it is that otherwise your yield will be get affected then primordial initiation and over development and burden size net in coconut or sensitive to soil moisture availability soil moisture means again under dry land situation it is with rainfall or under irrigated condition with the ground water ground water is mainly controlled by your rainfall received in a particular climate whether it may be airy climate or semi airy climate or sub-hewed climate or humid climate or per humid climate then prevalence of low minimum temperature during pod permission stage of ground nut I have left it pod is there pod permission of stage of ground nut this I had a good experience with this crop when I was working with some Indian resistation I could see that there was no pod developed in ground nut across more than 10,000 hectares in a particular district the constant extension officer asked me what might be the reasons we were examining so many reasons we don't know what was happened here interestingly after review of literature I could see that the minimum temperature during pod development stage is very very low your pod may not develop then we examined our local records interestingly there was minimum temperature below 20 degree centigrade during about 22 30 days they had made the crop sterile so this pod formation stage is very sensitive to your temperature that is the information to be absorbed then weather sensitive form operations as I indicated earlier a particular form operation of a crop is weather sensitive to weather that prevailed during the crop stage this was discussing about dry land agriculture another one we have discussed already in detail then we were studying the wind windward direction and leeward direction windward direction means from area from that point wind comes leeward means wind goes if you make a plant production chemicals dusting or spraying against opposite to your windward direction means there is a drifting it may fall on the person who do the operation he gets poison number one number two there is input efficiency is getting reduced so these are all weather sensitive form operations and the prevalence of cyclonic wind and rainfall during harvesting of rice this is very important because in India about 43 million hectares we have a rise if a cyclone exist means we will be losing our production very greatly and there is a crippling problem for our food availability and food demand now these are very very important so as I told earlier crop production risk must be considered before developing aggro advisories weather sensitive crops weather sensitive stages weather sensitive form operations have to be considered meticulously for developing a hundred percent effective aggro advisories thank you very much