I've been at Scattergood a long time, Scattergood is a small, quicker boarding school, boarding and day school located outside of Iowa City. We have about 50 students, so we're very small. We'll start just a little bit about the school. The students are really involved in what we do at the farm, both by eating and by working and everything else, and it's really grown over the years. How much that we've had students involved and just make lots of opportunities. I have a mission that's separate from our school mission and there's four parts of that mission and the very most important thing is that students be involved. That the farm is a learning laboratory for the students. The second thing is that we produce food for the community. The third thing is that we do outreach to the community and the fourth thing is that we try to better the ecological impact that we're having on the planet. Like I said, all the meat protein that we eat at the school, we raise ourselves, so that's primarily beef, lamb and pork, but also turkey a little bit, and some chickens. Poultry processing is a challenge in Iowa. That kind of limits the amount of poultry we have, but we have some really good relationships with other lockers around, so we're able to provide all the meat that we eat. Then in terms of vegetables, this time of year we're still eating beets, cabbage, onions, collard greens, kale, sweet potatoes, carrots, winter squash. We're still eating a lot of stuff from the farm. We do have a high tunnel, but I haven't totally figured out how to manage that. I should have been here earlier to listen to Adam, teach me how to manage my high tunnel better. I have no excuses. I think I've heard Adam Montry speak like probably a half dozen times, and I still can't do everything that, or can't do one-tenth of what he does. But we do produce a lot of the vegetables that we eat, and pretty much from August until December, everything that we eat, we raise minus grains. We don't raise wheat or anything like that, and then this time of year it gets a little bit trickier. We also grow a lot of flowers. We don't market really anything outside of our community, and part of that is because I don't want to be in a position where I'm competing with farmer friends of mine, those who have to sell enough product to buy health insurance and put their kids to college and stuff like that. We intentionally try not to compete with those farmers. A lot of what we do is we feed ourselves, but also just try to create a beautiful environment to exist and work in. We've also spent a lot of time recently adding restored prairie, both to our campus and our farm. They're geographically linked, but it's about a third of a mile hike from the school to the farm on paths through prairies and pastures and stuff like that. It's a fun place to be, like I've been there 23 years. My daughter just graduated last year. My wife and I got married there, so I can't say enough great things about it, but it's lovely in there. Getting to the task at hand, what we're here to talk about is a youth educator grant that we got from NCRSAR in 2020. That grant was to fund planting what we call an uncommon orchard. We have orchards with apples and peaches and pears and stuff like that, but there were some things that seemed overlooked that could be grown in Iowa that we weren't growing in Iowa. Some more unusual things, and we'll discover what those are later, but also growing those things with an understory that is made up of native pregnant old grasses and forbs. This whole idea came out of a class that I taught. When students show up in August, instead of just like they've been free all summer and then suddenly it's like welcome back to school, sit down in a chair and be inside and look longingly out the window for eight hours a day. We tried to work against that, and instead we start the year with what we call farm term, which are interdisciplinary classes that take place all morning out on the farm. Quaker school, we start with some silence in the morning, and then everybody walks out to the farm. We divide up into classes, and the goal is to teach the social studies, language arts, sciences, everything through a single type of class. I most recently taught one on seed saving. We were dissecting flowers, we were learning about cultural, like historic seed saving, all kinds of things. We learned about prairies and stuff like that. We also actually started, like we had never saved seeds at Scattered Air before, so we actually started a program up. What else? Trying to think of the ones I've taught over the years, oh, I taught one on fences, which was really interesting. We built a fence because I needed to have a fence built, but we also just looked at border issues, and what are geographic borders and political borders and all these different things, and just sort of considered this idea of the history of barbed wire. It's so interesting. Who knew? We learned a lot about barbed wire, but just really looking at this single subject, in this case fences, but coming from a lot of different angles. The idea for this grant actually came from a farm term class that I taught that was agriculture and climate change. What we mostly did is we ran around different soil types on our farm, we would collect soil and then do various tests on them. People heard of the underwear test? Oh, so great, yeah, when you get some underwear and you bury it and see how long it takes to decompose, or there's a tea bag, you also do the same thing with tea bags, with a red tea or a green tea, and then a lot of different sort of lab-based soil tests. We were looking at our neighbor's conventional corn, our restored, we have a restored prairie that was restored in the 1960s, and another prairie that was restored just 10 years ago, so we're comparing those. Our pasture land, our cultivated vegetable, it's certified organic, but our cultivated vegetable land, we were just really trying to figure out what's in the soil, what makes it unique to its own little micro environment, but also how do the actions that we inflict on the soil, how does that impact, and it was really interesting. We also had the advantage that we visited a number of permaculture sites around eastern Iowa and just were able to talk to experts and hear what they had to say, and then it really became clear to us that perennial food production, shouldn't be a surprise to anybody, perennial food production with a native understory is a great way to produce food for yourself, but also perhaps sequester the carbon to help alleviate some of the causes of climate change. This is my third youth educator grant. We're kind of like in a sweet spot for NCR, say our youth educator grants, because we have a captive audience of students and then just a lot of people thinking about different ways that we could incorporate them into the farm. There we wrote this YENC 2153. I don't think there's anything posted yet up on their site. We had to ask for an extension because things got a little bit crazy when it came time to order trees because of the pandemic, so we actually just had our final approval and stuff like that. So I think that at some point when everything is all taken care of, it'll be up and you'll be able to search it and find our results and stuff like that. Here are some of the photos that we did in this class. The most important thing is that you can't really teach a class to teenagers about existential despair. Nobody needs that, but especially 16-year-olds don't need that because they have a life ahead of them to sort of experience some of that existential despair. So it became really important like what can we do, that's the most important question. So we did a number of different things, just discovering, learning about our soil and stuff like that, but we also built a hugelkultur bed, which was really fun, just as a way to keep that stored carbon in the wood, keep that present, but also helping to raise food for us. Do people know Tom? Tom Wall of Red Fern Farm? He's more of an Iowa rock star than maybe a Missouri rock star, but that's a Red Fern farm and they grow a lot of chestnuts is what he's primarily known for and has been doing it for decades. But it was really important that at this class that we were able to say like, yeah, there are some problems and some ways that we could live with the situation is figure out ways to grow food for ourselves, but also figure out a way to question that carbon. Really good stuff. So the timeline, I think we got the approval for the grant in like January 2020. So we had some old pasture that was kind of poorly located. I had tried to farm it with vegetables a little bit, but it was a little bit too erosive, so we only did that for one year and it just made me too uncomfortable to put it back in pasture and I've had a little bit of experience taking stuff out of pasture and putting it into cultivation. So I kind of took that on and we just had a, you know, we have a small 50 horsepower tractor with a rototiller and tilled it, sewed some buckwheat on there, let the buckwheat grow, flower, mowed that, tilled it again and repeated with the buckwheat. So twice hitting that area with buckwheat, the buckwheat, the goal of that is to suppress the weeds. So we, tilling kind of killed, it was mostly brome that was left, brome and some red clover and so the tilling kind of helped take that out, but then by tilling, you know, you're bringing up a lot of varied weed seeds. So hopefully the buckwheat was, the intent was to sort of suppress those weeds a little bit and then we didn't till again after that second. So then when we sewed the understory, we just sewed on top of that. Fall 2020, the students did a lot of research and just talking to these folks and a great thing about a SARA grant is it really makes you think about how are you going to include other farmers? How are you going to rely on the expertise of others? And so that was really helpful for us. Tom, who was in that previous picture, he farms about 45 minutes from us. Henry at Berry Patch Farm, Nevada, Iowa, much further away from us, but we did a zoom with him and he's been doing perennial agriculture for decades as well. And then Sarah Folch Jordan of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. Do people know Xerces? Raise your hand. Okay, great. Yeah. Sarah is based out of Duluth, but she frequently comes down to Iowa, which is just so good for Iowa. And she put together our working with us, like the students researched a lot of different possibilities and then interviewed her and figured out different things. Ultimately, when it came time to put the mix together, she did the mix, which is really fun, like the stuff that she came up with. So then winter 2020, I think it was about this time of year, January, I thought, oh, I'll order the trees now. And everybody was sold out. I guess it would have been 2021. So like December 20, January 2021, everything was just sold out. So I got an extension on the grant, said like, we'll just manage the understory for an additional year, which is actually not bad practice.  We did sell the understory. We got our seeds from Prairie Moon Nursery, a great nursery located in Minnesota. We get a lot of our prairie seeds from them. And then managing that, we're just mowing it a few times. And then finally spring, like 10 months ago, we planted the fruit trees and bushy. And this is the mix of the understory. Yeah. A lot of these things are just like minuscule quantities. And you can see from this point, these are the grasses, but then everything else is ford. And we're going for mostly low-growing things that could withstand some traffic but wouldn't outcompete the trees too much. So Xerces and Sarah have done quite a bit of work with Orchardus, primarily in Wisconsin, a little bit more in Iowa now. And so they had sort of a mix that they were comfortable with. But then with the Sarah grant money, Sarah was like, ooh, let's try some new things. And then ended up going way over budget, and then Xerces picked up the rest. So they were really helpful in this whole process. People admired that long enough. It's pretty impressive. Yeah, it's lovely. I don't have the eye. Like I can't walk through our Orchard now and identify. I can identify like four things out of the many that are there. And it could take a decade or more for some of these things to really establish and get going. But it was fun revisiting this when I was putting together this slideshow. This is how, again, so in the mail, you get this box and it's like, it's not very big, but it's worth $1,500, and you take out this zipped block of seeds, and you're just shocked that you think that you went into the wrong business. That's always my impression is like, why am I raising tomatoes when I should be growing these things instead?  If you're trying to plant too big of an area, you're going to end up with thick spots and thin spots and all kinds of problems that way. My big takeaway from this is that if you're doing nine areas, you want to have 10 buckets of seeds, because you're always going to have thin spots, and you want to be able to have some extras that you can go back, because once they're on the ground, you're not getting them back. So remember that this is a good takeaway from this, and here it is in action. So you can kind of see the upper right, so this is what we were sowing into, and March 22 a year ago, two years ago, and we just call those spring mustards. I don't know what that is. So what you're seeing there is kind of a problem plant. It's a really early season mustard that flowers really readily, so that's an important one that we want to mow before those flower seeds set.  So then the trees, so again, this was in consultation with with Tom Wall and Dee Henry and other folks, and again, recognizing that we already have peaches, apple pears, stuff like that. So I ordered much earlier, we're able actually to get these things, so that felt really good. I've never heard of medlar before, have people heard of medlar? It's supposed to taste like apple pie, but be mushy and weird. I can't share like any results because we just planted these, you know, like a year ago, so I can't tell you like, oh yeah, quince grows beautifully in eastern Iowa, like we have no idea. And I can't talk about medlar other than that we planted it and it seems to be living, so these are some of the other things. We hit the Asian pears, we grow a lot of apples, but we don't spray like we're certified organic, and I just don't have time to really manage our apples, so they're kind of organic by neglect more than intentionally, so we make a lot of applesauce rather than eating, you know, fresh apples. My experience with Asian pears, we have grown some Asian pears off and on over the years, is that they're just much easier to manage. You get a hand fruit that is much more appealing without spraying. Like we planted on about 18 foot centers, and most of these things, we did three of these varieties, some things we did four. These are the students planting last spring. Of course we have deer and rabbit pressure, so we put a tree shelter on every tree, and like before things went dormant, I was out walking through and it seemed like there was one, one quince I was kind of, I'm sure of, and then one of the plums was maybe not doing well, but out of 56 trees, everything else seemed to have survived. We'll see what happens, you know, in the spring, but heading into the fall. And it was, we had a weird precipitation summer, you know, mostly dry, punctuated by really heavy rains, and then a really dry fall. So we were able to irrigate, irrigate the tree tubes, so important. Oh, here we're hauling hoses around to irrigate, yep. And then we did a row of berries as well, and again, things that we probably should have been growing, but hadn't been growing up to this point. Again, this is more of like a demonstration project, like I don't have like data to share, or I can't say like, you know, these are the big conclusions, because we won't know for a long time. So the native prairie is rejuvenated by fire. What are you guys, you guys planning on burning in your orchard? No, no, no. And that's, yeah, so we do have the picture that's sort of in the background there is another prairie that we put in, and it's mostly forbs. And fire, and again, I'm not a prairie expert. So if somebody knows better than I do, feel free to correct me. But fire sort of selects for grasses primarily. So, so in this one that we've had going for 10 years, and it's just gotten better and better and better each year, we only mow that. And the first year we mowed it four times, or three times, or two times. And now we we only mow it at the end of like now. I haven't even mowed it yet, like I still have everything's tall to catch the snow because we were so dry heading into winter, I wanted to keep it up. So so we'll just mow in the prairie, but we'll mow in frequently. Like we won't mow until we'll probably select, you know, as the fruits ripen and stuff like that. But we'll let it go. One challenge we had is that it was interesting, like I was seeing so much white clover out in there. And I have to see, like there are so many different, there are a couple of different prairie white clovers that were put into the mix. And and at first I was like, where did all this white clover come from? Like this is this is absurd. And and I thought it was a big problem. But now I need to get some people who have better eyes than I do and to come back and see like, OK, no, this is a native clover and maybe this one isn't.  Sauerdoc, you know. It appreciated all the tailing I did. Just put it that way. So if you got doc, dig it before you tell. I have a question. Oh, and then there's been a little bit of burdock and stuff that we just go out and dig. Yep. Sorry. What are you growing in your huddle culture mounds? Mostly cucurbits at this point. Carrots. What's that? I'm sorry. Did you say carrots? No, cucurbits. So like a winter squash, big vining things, because it's so hard to manage that it's hard to keep it weeded that I wanted something that was assertive and and that we could maybe just weed it once or twice. But then it would like sort of take it over. We actually couldn't do anything with that for the first three years, because I think that we were putting some pretty. We needed the wood to break down a little bit more.  Did you? Yeah, we solarized it. So we just have some old high tunnel plastic that we put on it to keep the weeds down until we planted it. I didn't do that on mine. I just made a little shallow coogle mound. And I grew the I grew so much basil this year and just tons and tons. And really, I just threw the seeds. I didn't even bother trying to space them out. I had I just had a ton of basil, different varieties. I just threw them all together, mixed them up. So if you want to try that out, you cannot fail. Interesting. Yeah. We're I'm with Casey Farm School in Kansas City, and we're not nearly as established as this. But we've been doing we have a new 11 acres that were yeah, going to restore some prairie, do some community garden and a lot of different spaces. So I love watching like the kiddos do all of that. So it's like more of a logistics question. But like when you were doing the class and the design and everything, like, did you keep most of that design on paper? Did you do it on computers? Like, how were the kids engaged and like really being part of the design? Yeah. So what do you mean, precisely by design? Like the paper, were you doing Excel? Were you were they involved? Like, yeah, when they were when they were researching the trees and the the understory species, most of that was just like Google Sheets. Because then they could, you know, spreadsheet, share it with everybody. And then it was easy to to have Sarah up in Duluth look at it. You know, that was that was the easiest way. It got to be a really complicated spreadsheet. Like every student had their own, you know, yeah.  But especially before Sarah took a look at it. But but yeah, that was the biggest thing. And and I'm trying to think for the trees, you know, there's just many fewer trees involved. And once we got past, you know, mangoes and stuff like that, it really, you know, limited what they wanted. But but that was more sort of conversational, like, you know, and people doing research.  OK, I'm just curious about the students, you know, are they like FFA school chapter or how do you find the collaboration with them? Ah, with the FFA, no, the students that you are. Yeah, so we're not like FFA, like, you know, we are sheep. We don't doctor, you know, I feel like a lot of production ag is totally different than what we're doing. And so we have like heritage, heritage, heritage breed hogs and and, you know, we grass finish our beef and grass finish our sheep and stuff like that. So I feel like our curriculum doesn't really mesh with a lot of other curriculum. But what we try to do is the farm term that we do in the fall is really important. There's four or five different classes. And and we just try to to meet the students where they are, what their interests are. So they self select into these various classes.  You know, it's often the world is messier than that. And so I think that that's a big thing of what we do. And but yeah, I've reached out to our local FFA teacher a little bit and and she's just not interested in what we're doing. Also, we're like we're organic and there's like maybe one other organic grower in our county who's like 10 miles north of us. You know, there's not it's not like we're in the county east of Iowa City, like in Johnson County, where Iowa City is, there's lots going on there. If we're in Cedar County, much less going on in terms of that. So I think that we're kind of the weird farming neighbors. I just had a quick question about how you plan to manage directly around the trees. Like I didn't see any like mulcher or anything. Is it something because it's a prairie instead of grass that you they'll be able to grow next to the trees? Or do you have plans for managing around them? That's a great question.  So we intentionally didn't do that this first year. And then we decided to really keep them water and really try to give them a really strong first year so that hopefully, you know, roots are well established and the trees are really healthy. We're not going to spray herbicide. I don't know. We'll have to see how it goes.  You know, next year, I'll probably just do that twice. But I may take a little smaller riding mower and maybe just buzz around the trees. I don't know. Again, I'm here to early five years from now. This would be a much better presentation.


new members of our Queensland Police Service are just starting their journey. They're eight weeks old, nine puppies and they're just about to go out into the brave new world with their foster carers. For eight weeks of age they go into a foster program and every three days every month they must come back here so we can start their development, their nose work, their bite work and the foster carers help us out by socialising the dogs in the big wide world. The Queensland Police Service is renowned for its breeding program. You can see the happy little puppies here but they are also of a very high standard and there are a number of jurisdictions around the Asia Pacific who look to the Queensland Police Service dog breeding program for its expertise. Sometimes you see them at around 12, 16 week old. You can start to tell from that age that this one is pretty special. That's a very serious name wrapped up, very serious. One in two dogs that we breed won't make the grade, we basically take the best of the best. If they haven't got the diabetic traits in bite work and the aggression, they usually go into family homes because they're usually really good tracking dogs, they love chasing the ball, they make good pets. That partner with their long term partner at around 16 months of age at the start of a police dog training course and they're with that handler for the remainder of their working career and beyond. Nine out of ten dogs that retire at around the eight or nine year old mark stay with the handler. It's a lifelong commitment from the handler.


CHAPTER 38 Then Jehovah answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said, Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? Gird up now thy loins like a man, for I will demand of thee, and declare thou unto me. Where was thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? Declare if thou hast understanding. Who determined the measures thereof, if thou knowest? Or who stretched the line upon it? Whereupon were the foundations thereof fastened, or who laid the cornerstone thereof? When the morning stars sang together, in all the sons of God shouted for joy? Or who shut up the sea with doors when it break forth, as if it had issued out of the womb? When I made clouds the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddling band for it, and marked out for it my bound, and set bars and doors, and said, Hither too shalt thou come, but no further. And here shall thy proud waves be stayed. Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days began, and caused the day spring to know its place, that it might take hold of the ends of the earth, and the wicked be shaken out of it? It is changed as clay under the seal, and all things stand forth as a garment. And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm is broken. Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea, or hast thou walked in the recesses of the deep? Have the gates of death been revealed unto thee, or hast thou seen the gates of the shadow of death? Hast thou comprehended the earth and its breadth? Declare if thou knowest it all. Where is the way to the dwelling of light? And as for darkness, where is the place thereof, that thou shouldst take it to the bound thereof, and that thou shouldst discern the paths to the house thereof? Doubtless thou knowest, for thou wasst then born, and the number of thy days is great. Hast thou entered the treasuries of the snow, or hast thou seen the treasuries of the hail, which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war? By what way is the light parted, or the east wind scattered upon the earth? Who hath cleft a channel for the water-flood, or the way for the lightning of the thunder, to cause it to rain on a land where no man is, on the wilderness wherein there is no man? To satisfy the waste in desolate ground, and to cause the tender grass to spring forth? Hath the rain a father, or who hath begotten the drops of dew? Of whose womb came the ice, and the hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it? The waters hide themselves, and become like stone, and the face of the deep is frozen. Canst thou bind the cluster of the Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion? Canst thou lead forth the Masaroth in their season? Or canst thou guide the bear with her train? Canst thou the ordinances of the heavens? Canst thou establish the dominion thereof in the earth? Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, that abundance of waters may cover thee? Canst thou send forth lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are! Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts, or who hath given understanding to the mind? Who can number the clouds by wisdom, or who can pour out the bottles of heaven? When the dust runneth into a mass, and the clods cleave fast together? Canst thou hunt the prey for the lioness, or satisfy the appetite of the young lions? When they couch in their dens, and abide in the covert to lion-weight? Who provided for the raven his prey, when his young ones cry unto God, and wander for lack of food? CHAPTER 39 Knowest thou the time when the wild goats of the rock bring forth? Or canst thou mark when the hinds do cav? Canst thou number the months that they fulfill? Or knowest thou the time when they bring forth? They bow themselves, they bring forth their young, they cast out their pains. Where young ones become strong, they grow up in the open field. They go forth, and return not again. Who hath sent out the wild-ass free? Or who hath loosed the bonds of the swift-ass? Whose home I have made the wilderness, and the salt-land his dwelling place? He scorneth the tumult of the city, neither hither he the shoutings of the driver. The range of the mountains is his pasture, and he searcheth after every green thing. Will the wild ox be content to serve thee? Or will he abide by thy crib? Canst thou bind the wild ox with his band in the furrow? Or will he harrow the valleys after thee? Will thou trust him, because his strength is great? Or will thou leave to him thy labor? Hope thou confide in him that he will bring home thy seed, and gather the grain of thy threshing floor. The wings of the ostrich wave proudly, but are they the pinions and plumage of love? For she leaveeth her eggs on the earth, and warmeth them in the dust, and forgetteth that the foot may crush them, or that the wild beast may trample them. She dealeth hardly with her young ones, as if they were not hers, though her labor be in vain she is without fear, because God hath deprived her of wisdom, neither hath he imparted to her understanding. What time she lifteth up herself on high, she scorneth the horse in his rider. Hast thou given the horse his might? Hast thou clothed his neck with the quivering mane? Hast thou made him to leap as a locust? The glory of his snorting is terrible. He pawth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength. He goeth out to meet the armed men. He mocketh at fear, and is not dismayed. Neither turneth he back from the sword. The quiver rattleth against him, the flashing spear and the javelin. He swalloweth the ground with fierceness and rage. Neither believeth he that it is the voice of the trumpet. As oft as the trumpet soundeth, he sayeth, Aha! And he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting. Is it by thy wisdom that the hawk soareth, and stretcheth her wings toward the south? Is it at thy command that the eagle mounteth up, and maketh her nest on high? On the cliff she dwelleth, and maketh her home, upon the point of the cliff and the stronghold. From thence she spieth out the prey.   CHAPTER 40 Moreover Jehovah answered Job and said, Shall he that Cavilleth contend with the Almighty, he that argueeth with God, let him answer it? Then Job answered Jehovah and said, Behold, I am of small account. What shall I answer thee? I lay my hand upon my mouth. Once have I spoken, and I will not answer, yea, twice, but I will proceed no further. Then Jehovah answered Job out of the whirlwind and said, Gird up thy loins now like a man. I will demand of thee, and declare thou unto me. Will thou even annul my judgment? Will thou condemn me, that thou mayest be justified? Or hast thou an arm like God, encanced thou thunder with a voice like him? Deck thyself now with excellency and dignity, and array thyself with honor and majesty. Pour forth the overflowings of thine anger, and look upon every one that is proud, and abase him. Look on every one that is proud, and bring him low, and tread down the wicked where they stand. Hide them in the dust together, bind their faces in the hidden place. Then will I also confess of thee, that thine own right hand can save thee. Behold now Behemoth, which I made as well as thee. He eateth the grass as an ox. Low now, his strength is in his loins, and his force is in the muscles of his belly. He moveth his tail like a cedar. The sinews of his thighs are knit together. His bones are as tubes of brass. His limbs are like bars of iron. He is the chief of the ways of God. He only that made him, giveth him his sword. Surely the mountains bring him forth food, where all the beasts of the field do play. He lieth under the lotus trees, in the covert of the reed and the fenn. The lotus trees cover him with their shade. The willows of the brook compass him about. Behold, if a river overflow he trembleeth not, he is confident, though a Jordan swell even to his mouth. Shall any take him when he is on the watch, or pierced through his nose with a snare? End of chapter 40. Chapter 41. Canst thou draw out Leviathan with a fish-hook, or press down his tongue with a cord? Canst thou put a rope into his nose, or pierce his jaw through with a hook? Will he make many supplications unto thee, or will he speak soft words unto thee? Will he make a covenant with thee, that thou shouldst take him for a servant for ever? Will thou play with him as with a bird, or wilt thou bind him for thy maidens? Will the bands of fishermen make traffic of him? Will they part him among the merchants? Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons, or his head with fish-spears? Lay thy hand upon him, remember the battle, and do so no more. Behold, the hope of him is in vain. Will not one be cast down even at the sight of him?  Who then is he that can stand before me? Who hath first given unto me that I should repay him? Whatsoever is under the whole heaven is mine. I will not keep silence concerning his limbs, nor his mighty strength, nor his goodly frame. Who can strip off his outer garment? Who shall come within his jaws? Who can open the doors of his face? Round about his teeth is terror.  One is so near to another that no air can come between them. They are joined one to another. They stick together so that they cannot be sundered. His sneezings flash forth light, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.  Out of his nostrils a smoke goeth, as of a boiling pot and burning rushes. His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth forth from his mouth. In his neck abideth strength and terror danceeth before him. The flakes of his flesh are joined together. They are firm upon him. They cannot be moved. His heart is as firm as a stone, yea, firm as the nether millstone. When he raises himself up, the mighty are afraid. By reason of consternation they are beside themselves. If one lay at him with the sword it cannot avail. Nor the spear, the dart, nor the pointed shaft, he counteth iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood. The arrow cannot make him flee. Ringstones are turned with him into stubble. Clubs are counted as stubble. He laugheth at the rushing of the javelin. His underparts are like sharp pot-shirts. He spreadeth, as it were, a threshing wane upon the mire. He maketh the deep to boil like a pot. He maketh the sea like a pot of ointment. He maketh a path to shine after him. One would think the deep to be hoary. Upon earth there is not his like. That is made without fear. He beholdeth everything that is high. He is king over all the sons of pride. CHAPTER 42 Then Job answered Jehovah, and said, I know that thou canst do all things, and that no purpose of thine can be restrained. Who is this that highteth counsel without knowledge? Or have I uttered that which I understood not? Things too wonderful for me, which I knew not? Here I beseech thee, and I will speak. I will demand of thee, and declare thou unto me. I had heard of thee by the hearing of the ear, but now mine I seeeth thee. Wherefore I abhor myself, and repent, and dust and ashes. And it was so, that after Jehovah had spoken these words unto Job, Jehovah said to Eliphaz the teamonite, My wrath is kindled against thee and against thy two friends, for ye have not spoken of me the thing that is right, as my servant Job hath. Now, therefore, take unto you seven bullocks and seven rams, and go to my servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt offering.  For ye have not spoken of me the thing that is right, as my servant Job hath. So Eliphaz the teamonite, and Bildad the shoehite, and Zophar the namethite, went, and did, according as Jehovah commanded them, and Jehovah accepted Job. And Jehovah turned the captivity of Job, when he prayed for his friends. And Jehovah gave Job twice as much as he had before.  And they bemoaned him, and comforted him concerning all the evil that Jehovah had brought upon him. Every man also gave him a piece of money, and every one a ring of gold. So Jehovah blessed the latter end of Job more than his beginning, and he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she-asses. He had also seven sons, and three daughters. And he called the name of the first, Jemima, and the name of the second, Khaziah, and the name of the third, Caron Hapuk. And in all the land were no women found so fair as the daughters of Job, and their father gave them inheritance among their brethren. And after this Job lived a hundred and forty years, and saw his sons, and his sons' sons, even four generations. So Job died, being old, and full of days. End of Chapter 42 And also the end of Job, American Standard Version.


Fantastic, right first of all I'd like to thank the organizers for inviting me to this absolutely spectacular and diverse event. I hope I'll be able to contribute to the diversity of this meeting. So my talk here is on the subjects which is in a sense the exact opposite of what the previous speaker was talking about. I'm going to discuss adiabatic protocols as opposed to the quench protocols, very slow protocols in driven many body systems and I'll present a rather general results relating to those systems. It can be applied to strongly-related systems. It can be applied to weakly-related systems. Initially our research on this subject was motivated by a strongly-related example, but I'm not going to consider it today because it is very special, probably not very exciting for many people. I will focus on something a lot more simple to demonstrate how this technique works in the many body systems. So what I'm going to do today is I briefly discuss motivation, what adiabatic protocols are, the relationship to the adiabatic theorem and what extensions test. I'll state the main question or the main deficiency of the adiabatic theorem and how people are working to mend this today and then I'll state our main results. I'll try to keep it simple. I'll try to write as few equations as I can and these are going to be again as opposed to the previous speaker. These are going to be short equations. So hopefully I'll be able to explain in a very simple terms our results. Now I'll discuss an example. I have to apologize to the organizers. There's not going to be a strongly-related example. It is going to be a weakly-related system or in fact an uncorrelated system. However, if you are interested in interacting many body systems, applications to those systems of our results, you can look on the archive for two recent papers published by this waters. Okay. So adiabatic protocols. The idea of an adiabatic protocol is shown in this picture. So let me explain what is shown here. Suppose I have a Hamiltonian which depends on a number of parameters and this yellow thing here is the parameter space for this Hamiltonian. Let's imagine that at some point the Hamiltonian was placed at this point of the parameter space. To each point of the parameter space you can associate a point in the projective Hilbert space of the system which is the ground state of this Hamiltonian. This denotes denoted phi in this picture. So phi is the ground state of the Hamiltonian taken at a particular point of the parameter space. Now let's imagine that we prepared our system in the ground state initially and then we slowly change the parameters of our Hamiltonian so it describes some trajectory in this parameter space. Then the initial state will evolve along a certain curve under Schrodinger's evolution. That's the trajectory shown here. The physical state which results from this evolution is called psi. There is another trajectory which I can draw on the same projective Hilbert space which is the trajectory described by the ground states of instantaneous ground states of the Hamiltonian which are denoted phi here. These two trajectories generally do not have to be the same of course. However an important result was proven in 1928 which says that if the driving is sufficiently slow I can keep these two trajectories as close to each other as possible. So this is the statement by Born and Faulk. This theorem can be extended to the general ground state. I'm not going to dig into that. For us this formulation, this statement will be sufficient. This theorem has plenty of applications in physics and what I'm going to mention here are practical applications which are almost engineering. One example is the Tautilis pump. More genuinely adiabatic transport in mesoscopic systems. This is a very schematic representation of this device. We have two reservoirs which are connected by a region of a gapped material. There are lots of particles inside this region and it has a gap inside. This is the region whose parameters I can control experimentally. This is the parameter space and let's imagine that I perform some cycle, some closed curve in the parameter space as a function of time. Also keeping inside this cycle a region where this segment of my system is gapless. I perform a cycle around this singularity in the parameter space. Then, as was pointed out by Tautilis, if the driving is adiabatic, so if adiabatic conditions are fulfilled, that is the system is not excited from its current state as it moves around. Exactly one particle will be transferred from left reservoir to the right reservoir. The current to the system will be quantized. That's a fantastic example and later on I'll show you recent experimental realizations of this protocol. It was realized actually only two years ago. Another example of application, possible application of adiabaticity or adiabatic protocols is non-abilian braiding for the purposes of quantum computation. These are the ideas which were originally merged in late 80s, early 90s, late 80s, early 90s, but they became popular in the beginning of this century because due to the ketifs bugs. The idea is certain strongly related systems, or actually there are weakly related examples as well, can have degenerate ground states, topologically protected degenerate ground states if I punch holes in the space where these quantum systems reside. One example is of course the archetypal example is the new equal five-half quantum pole system. The holes are vortex-like excitations in the system. Now if I move adiabatically slowly, move these vortices around each other, if I braid them, then that is equivalence to performing a unitary operation on the degenerate ground state manifold. This operation does not care about the exact way I move the particles around. The only thing it cares is what element of the braid group is represented by this braid, not part of the details of the trajectories. This is another example and it is being explored very intensively in different communities. People are trying to implement this in topological superconductors looking for ketive latices, fermions with P-wave pairing. Just another example that I'd like to mention, it is important. It is an example of adiabatic quantum computations. There is an excellent review which appeared earlier this year which covers this subject extensively. I recommend you to have a look at this review if you are interested in this subject. The idea of the adiabatic quantum computation is that you prepare a Hamiltonian system in a way that you understand and control its ground state. Then you gradually deform your Hamiltonian into a messy one for which you do not know the ground state. Adiabaticity ensures you that the state that you obtain as a result of this evolution is the ground state of this messy Hamiltonian. This is the ground state you are interested in. There are multiple applications of this idea in quantum computation. Let me briefly summarize what we've seen. In all these examples, the protocols are performed on large, many body systems. Some of them can be strongly correlated. Some do not have to be. The correct operation of the protocol requires adiabaticity. The actual state of the system does not deviate from the instantaneous ground state. The adiabaticity theorem tells us that indeed it is possible to achieve adiabaticity in the system, but it has nothing to say about the conditions for the adiabaticity. How slowly I need to drive the system to achieve adiabatic conditions. From the practical point of view, this is an extremely important question. We need to know if our system is adiabatic or not. The question is how slowly do we need to drive a quantum system to achieve adiabatic conditions. Before discussing the answer to this question, I'll introduce slightly more formal notation. We have this parameter space and there is a trajectory in this parameter space, which I parameterized by a single parameter lambda. H as a function of x of lambda will be called h sub lambda. Without the loss of generalities, because that depends on my parameterization, without the loss of generalities, I can say that lambda as a function of t is a linear function of t multiplied by gamma. Gamma is called the driving rate or the ramp rate in the system. The instantaneous ground states are parameterized by lambda and are given by this equation. Schrodinger's equation can be recast in this form as an equation for the wave function as a function of lambda and gamma appears as a parameter on the left-hand side of the equation. This is pretty straightforward. The initial condition for the equation is that the initial physical state coincides with the instantaneous ground state and what we are looking at is the adiabatic fidelity. The adiabatic fidelity is essentially the overlap between the instantaneous ground state and the physical state squared. If adiabatic fidelity is close to one, we are happy. If it is very, very small, we are unhappy. That's the idea which can, of course, be reformulated in rigorous mathematical terms. The adiabatic theorem has a very, very short statement. The adiabatic fidelity goes to one if the driving rate goes to zero. This convergence is, of course, a non-uniform and stuff, but I'm not going to discuss this in detail. That's the rigorous statement of this theorem. I'll give you a very brief overview of known results. The archetypal model, which is an exactly solvable model where you can derive the adiabaticity condition, is the Landau-Zehner model, again 1932, very early in the days of quantum mechanics. The Hamiltonian there is a two-level Hamiltonian. This one, there is a parameter delta, a gap parameter in the system. There is a polymatrix sigma z here. This is the initial Hamiltonian, and this is the perturbation, which contains the polymatrix matrix sigma x. These are the levels of this model as a function of time. We want the system to follow the instantaneous ground state, which corresponds to this level here. The exact solution of this model shows that the adiabatic fidelity is given by this expression here. It is 1 minus e to the power minus pi delta over gamma. If the driving is very, very slow, this exponential function goes to 0. If it is large, the fidelity is 0, which is not what we want to achieve. The conclusion is the fidelity is close to 1 as long as gamma is much less than delta. This exact, exactly solvable model is very nice. However, it does not easily admit generalizations to systems with large Hilbert spaces, let alone many body systems. Many body systems have huge Hilbert spaces. There are lots and lots of dense set of levels above the ground state. Actually, the speaker after me is going to discuss many level generalizations of this problem, which are exactly solvable. This is an interesting direction of research. However, generally, if you are dealing with the many body systems, you have exactly zero chance of solving the time evolution of a time-dependent Hamiltonian. It is a very, very complex problem, a lot more complex than finding the ground state of the system, for example. What do we have instead? The only hope then is you can try and find some reasonable bounds on the speed of the diabetic process. There has been a generalization of the Landau-Zehner bound, which is still used by people in different communities, just to say that if I take an overlap between the time-dependent ground state and the derivative of an excited state, if I take the maximum of this expression, it has to be less than the excitation gap. If this is true, this, by the way, is the criterion, exactly the criterion that you have in the Landau-Zehner problem, but it does not work generally. There has been some discussion of this in different literature. This is actually a very, very bad criterion for large systems. This is just an example of this way of thinking about conditions for the diabeticity still encountered in literature. There have been efforts to overcome these difficulties using rigorous mathematics, using the operator theory. There is a whole school of thought which was initiated by Katza in 1950, which tries to generalize the Landau-Zehner criterion to arbitrary Hamiltonians in arbitrary Hilbert spaces using norm estimates and the known spectral properties of the Hamiltonians. This is a typical result from this community. This is not Katza's result. This is the result from subsequent work. I'm showing it to you here just to demonstrate that the main idea in this calculation is you take a second or third derivative of your Hamiltonian with respect to the parameter.  These are rigorous, sufficient conditions for diabeticity. It turns out they are not extremely good in many body systems. The main reason, of course, is that on the right hand side of this expression I have a norm of an operator. The norm of an operator in a huge Hilbert space, well, in an actual Hilbert space, it tends to be unbounded. The expression on the right hand side is just meaningless unless you impose some cutoffs on the Hilbert space of your system, and then your answers depend on these cutoffs, and the whole thing gets very, very complicated. Even if you do that, you end up with an expression which is very, very large on the right hand side because of nature of having a big Hilbert space. That makes your sufficient conditions very stringent. This approach also doesn't give you a necessary condition for adiabaticity. Now we are gradually moving to our main observation. There are some interesting insights into adiabaticity conditions from the many-body physics side, or from the strongly related side. There were two publications in 2008 where two groups analyzed in different contexts adiabaticity conditions in many-body systems. Actually the conclusions were similar, and I just boxed the abstract of this publication here, and it is important. So essentially they say that the structure of the theory suggests that the... sorry, they reformulate and approximately solve a specific many-body generalization of the Landau-Zener problem. Unlike the single particle Landau-Zener problem, our system does not abide in adiabatic ground state, even at very slow driving rates. Our solution can be used to understand the example, behavior of two-level systems, coupled to electromagnetic fields, and blah, blah, blah, but the main observation is that if the system is large, if the system is a many-body system, then for some reason the driving has to be extremely slow to ensure adiabaticity in the system, and they speculate in their paper that this could be some general effect pertaining to all many-body systems. Many-body character of the system is an interesting aspect of this problem. I want to make another argument, which is quite general. If I want to do adiabaticity conditions from the point of view of quantum mechanics, pure quantum mechanics, I have to solve some nasty Schrodinger's equation for the amplitude of the ground state, or the system in the instantaneous ground state. It takes this form, and the energies on the right-hand side and the states on the right-hand sides are all the states in the Hilbert space of my system, which are exponentially large. If I have a big many-body system, it's an enormous number of terms on the right-hand side. Now this equation, if I write it in this form, makes no assumption about the Hamiltonian, no assumption about the eigenvalue problem, doesn't know anything apart from the linear structure of Schrodinger's equation. So it is essentially an equation from linear algebra. However, many-body systems that we know of have extra structure embedded in them. They have sense of space, they have sense of locality, dimensionality, correlations, and stuff like that. They are a lot more structure-rich than this equation. So we need to, we thought we need to exploit this structure to move forward to find some better understanding of adiabaticity. And we hit upon the most important property of the many-body system, which is the most relevant property of the many-body system, which is generalized octagonality catastrophe. It turns out that if a physical system exhibits generalized octagonality catastrophe, then we can find a new bound on adiabaticity and the new adiabaticity condition, which happens to be a necessary adiabaticity condition. So let's imagine that we have a many-body system and we are looking at the overlap between the ground state at lambda equals zero and a small lambda. So this corresponds to finding an overlap of the ground state of a Hamiltonian and a slightly deformed Hamiltonian. Then, as many of you know, there is a broad range of examples where the logarithm of this quantity behaves as minus c and lambda squared plus the correction term and this c and this coefficient, which I'll call susceptibility. The susceptibility increases with growing n, which means that this overlap function decays as a function of the system size. So the system size in this context is an important asymptotic parameter. This phenomenon was first discussed by Anderson, I think, in the context of a spin impurity embedded in the metal and in that case lambda is just the coupling constant between the impurity and the metal. I'm sorry. There are different formulations of the same. Another formulation is that I just take a metal and I insert a non-magnetic impurity, just a simple impurity inside and I calculate the overlap between the ground state without an impurity and with an impurity and that will give me the same result. I'll have cn, which is equal to log n. So local impurity inside the metal gives rise to orthogonality catastrophe with susceptibility logarithmically increasing in the system size. There is another requirement, an additional requirement on this parameter here, which is technically fulfilled in all systems that I know of. If you find the system where it is not, that would be interesting. And I'm discussing this in complete generality and I'm making this the defining property of the class of the systems that I'm going to look at. This works, yeah, this works for gap systems as I'll show you in the subsequent examples. It depends on the type of driving. So the sort of deformation of the Hamiltonian. So we can deform the Hamiltonian of a gap system in a natural way that gives rise to orthogonality catastrophe. I'll show an example later on. So this is a defining property. Again, I'm not going to prove that this is a general case. There are exceptions from this and this is not a theorem. This is a defining property of the system that I'm going to look at. Okay, so our main results we have established new rigorous bounds on the fidelity of adiabatic process in general quantum theory for systems exhibiting orthogonality catastrophe and our estimates are given in terms of the parametric susceptibility C and only. And these results give useful necessary condition for adiabaticity of quantum protocols. I'll give you the main idea. So the main idea is we exploit the metric structure of the projective Hilbert space. Projective Hilbert space is a set of vectors from the point of view of linear algebra, but it is also can be thought of as a metric space where the metric, the distance between two points is defined this way, for example. There are more than one metric actually. So it is one minus the overlap between the two states squared. Another important ingredient is the quantum speed limits. Again, you can look at the PIFAS review about quantum spin limits. The idea is if you have an initial state, phi naught, and you begin to deform the Hamiltonian of the system, then the physical state cannot travel arbitrarily far away from the initial point. The distance it can travel in time is limited by the quantum spin limit written here, where delta H is the average, the time average of the uncertainty of the Hamiltonian in the initial ground state. So if the Hamiltonian's uncertainty is zero, the state of course cannot travel from the initial point. Otherwise it travels. For generic driving, which is smooth, this delta H here is just proportional to lambda multiplied by some number V. Okay. Now here comes the main trick that we use. So this is the projective Hilbert space, and this is the initial point. Now if I deform the Hamiltonian, the orthogonality catastrophe tells me that the state phi lambda, rather quickly, if the system is large, rather quickly is going to travel very, very far away from the initial point, whilst the actual physical state can't do this because of the quantum spin limit.  So if I consider this triangle here, A is A plus B is greater than C, and this gives me A is greater than C minus B. This directly translates into the statement that the fidelity, the adiabatic fidelity of my system minus the exponential of the, minus the overlap between these two states is less than lambda square at the overgum. So this, for small lambda, for sufficiently small lambda, these two quantities are very close. Now this quantity is very easy to calculate. This is simple because this is just an overlap of two ground states. This quantity is very, very hard to calculate, requires the knowledge of the complete evolution of the Hamiltonian in the hover space. But with, for sufficiently small lambda, they are close to each other and one can exploit this. So let's, let's see how this works. So this, this is a particular system and this, this is the fidelity phi lambda. This is the overlap squared of two functions and this is, these are the bounds. This is a system where I only have 10 particles. As you can see, the bounds are not very useful here. They, they do not tell me that these two quantities are close enough. However, if I go to n equal to 100, the bounds become quite strong. The two susceptibilities must be close to each other within this range. And as you can see, before the bounds become useful, useless. So the bounds become useless somewhere in this region because the bounds increases as number squared. However, before it becomes useless, the fidelity drops by factor of e. If I increase the system size further, I'll get better and better bounds on, on c, on, on f of lambda, which makes it very close to c of lambda. So that's, that's the idea. And this is written in algebraic terms. f of lambda is e to the power minus lambda squared cn. This we know from orthogonality catastrophe, plastic erection due to the bound. If n is large, the system completely loses adiabaticity after, after having traveled this distance. Now the star is equal one over square root cn provided that I can neglect this term. And I can neglect this term as if we over gamma cn tends to zero and, and goes to zero. And that gives me the necessary condition for adiabaticity in the system, which is written here. Gamma has to be less than v over over cn. Okay. I'll just show two slides, two or three slides actually to, to illustrate how this works in the experimental system called the Tali's pump. So this, the Tali's pump that I mentioned earlier was realized in, in these two recent experiments. So this is the one-dimensional optical lattice. There are many particles sitting there and the cycle is performed in the parameters of the lattice here. And this is the Reiss-Meyer model, which describes this and it has two parameters, staggering potential and staggering hopping. And the cycle is performed in the space of these two parameters. Now, we calculated from, from our relationships, we calculated the, the adiabaticity conditions and what we can see that despite the system being gapped, despite the system being gapped, the necessary condition for adiabaticity is gamma less than v over cn. Scales is one over square root n because cn scales is n and v scales is square root n. So the adiabaticity in the system collapses with increasing system size if the driving rate is fixed. And, okay. I'll, I'll skip this one. I'll just show you what happens to the pumped charge if this, if this happens. So this is the adiabaticity per cycle, the fidelity per cycle is good here. The pumped charge is one. This is the pumped charge. Now, when fidelity drops, the pumped charge goes berserk. It's, it's, it's, the quantization is completely lost. Again, incomplete agreement with our criterion. Okay. So this is, these are the conclusions of my talk. And thank you for listening.


When the universe was just 3 billion years old, half of the most massive galaxies were extremely compact and had already exhausted their fuel for star formation. The galaxy is said to be dead when it stops creating new stars. They were elliptical, and it is believed that they grew into the most massive local elliptical galaxies we see today through mergers with nearby galaxies. In 2017, while scanning a distant galaxy cluster, astronomers discovered the first example of a massive compact dead galaxy in the early universe that is not elliptical. The foreground galaxy cluster has magnified the image to the more distant galaxy, enabling a closer look than ever before. The dead galaxy is in fact a fast spinning disc-shaped galaxy. It has three times the mass of the Milky Way, but it's only half the size and spinning at more than twice the speed. This is the first direct observational evidence that at least some of the earliest dead galaxies somehow evolved from a Milky Way-shaped disc into the giant elliptical galaxies we see today. How this could happen is not yet understood.


Are you looking for a quick and easy way to provide your ELS data to your doctor? Well, wouldn't it be great to do it with just one tap? Transfiring personal ELS data is really convenient to use the NFC with ST products. ST25 Dynamic NFC tags support the ISO IEEE 11073 standard and also the NFC Forum Personal ELS data standard, also known as PhD. As a reminder, IEEE 11073 is a family of standard designed by ISO. It facilitates communication between medical devices and external computer systems used by doctors and physicians. This could be a blood-glue cosmetter communicating with a tablet or smartphone, for example. The standard can use different interfaces, such as NFC. In this case, the APDU used for communication are based on NDEF. ST25DV, connected to the main microchrome color of the ELS care device, is the solution for efficient PhD data transfer. Let me show you how easy and fast it is. On my blood-glue cosmetter, I added the new glucose level data. By clicking on this button, I authorized the doctor to download this data. And by tapping his phone, the doctor gets the PhD data in a few seconds. I can then adjust the treatment if necessary. ST25DV embeds IEEE 11073 PhD profile application layers and thanks to its fast transfer mode, the data transfer speed is optimized. As an example in this demo, we write about 100 bytes in less than 3 seconds. We have developed complete deliverables, including PhD software stacks for both devices. Here I'm referring to the ELS care device and the reader and source code for the iOS and Android mobile apps. It's practically plug-and-play. If you want to know more about ST25DV, please contact your local STEL representative or visit our dedicated product webpage on st.com slash st25d. So talk to you soon.


Hello and welcome to MIP TV and with us today of course is the fab Bob Cook and he's talking about yet more of his favourite books. Bob's a bit of a polymath I think is the word. If you could speak more languages you'd be a polyglots wouldn't you? So a polymath. And we've got a real cracker here today haven't we? One of my favourite theories Bob do you want to introduce the book? Yeah the title of this book is Transaction Analysis Psychotherapy An Integrated Approach by Petrusca Clarkson. Yes very very famous sadly departed theorist who revolutionised to some extent and rewrote the the idea of what relationships in psychotherapy are. Yeah she wrote that famous book about the different stages of relationships which I think you're alluding to. She wrote many many, oh gosh I don't know how many psychotaping books. She was a genius and a tragic figure in many ways. She was one of my first trainers. Oh wow. In Metanoor Psychophobic Training Institute in 1986. Petrusca Clarkson, Sue Fish and I remember in 1985 it was a very hot summer's day and it was in July and I'd applied to start my psychotherapy training at Metanoor Psychotherapy Training Institute and I got untrained, went all the way up to Ealing and I found this huge big house knocked on the door and this very larger than life character came out in a big robe like she'd just come from a Turkish banquet. And she said I'm Petrusca Clarkson you must be Bob Cook. You want to come on my TA training course? I said yes. She says that's great. See you next week. I said would you be still coming for a cup of tea? I've read your CV. You'll be perfect with a course. Have a cup of Turkish tea and we'll talk about the weather a bit and off you can go. So I went in and had a cup of tea with her in a very splendid house. She said how that I would be great. I'm a man. She thought that was great because she wanted male in psychotherapy land. And except me on the course I went off again and four or five months later started training with her Sufe. She was a partner and Maria Gilbert was also another famous person. And I got in with her well. I mean tragically she died committed suicide. I think it was in 2000. I'm not quite sure. Lovely woman and also as most geniuses are in many ways you had her fragilities. Yes. Yes. There's a fine line isn't there Bob? When someone's a genius that they sometimes walk. Yeah, very fine line. But I really liked her and I would say she had a great loss to the psychotherapy community. Yeah, for sure. For sure. And she was remembered quite a lot. You know the BACP did something UK, excuse me, UK, UK CP and Friday and slipped there. And yes, she was she was sorely missed I think because I say she's a genius. Yeah, she was a real sort of figure in the TA world and actually a really big figure in the Gestalt world. Yes. She wrote avidly in both those disciplines and very much a large part of her life. I remember switching on the television. I don't know when this was. This was about like long after I qualified. I don't know where she was particularly. But anyway, I switched on and there was this sort of commentator called Kilroy. He ran a show called the Kilroy show. Oh, yes. I don't know what he was. Anyway, he introduced some of the figures in different psychotherapeutic world and XXX and introduced Patricia Clarkson and Patricia Clarkson, who was still very interested in Tia and Gestalt, decided that she wanted to be a sex therapist and she started off her new practice in sex therapy. And she was being interviewed talking about how she did sex therapy and she took him into a big sort of room that she worked on with all the various objects that she worked with. I'll take a bit further, but it was an amazing discussion of how she worked with people's sexual dysfunction. Yes, yes. Very interesting. Devices of adult's interest. Yeah, so large in life. So this book, getting back to this book, that's a bit about her. I really like this book, because it goes through the principles of Tia, but what it really does do is outline the use of a mini case study, how you would write up theoretically and practically how you do Tia. So part of qualifying to be a certified transactor analyst is to write a case study about what you do and how you do it. And that's what she did. She wrote a case study, talked about how you do it and what you do it. And it's a very good case study not only to understand transaction analysis practice, but for students to know how to write a case study. Right. Well, you know, I mean, a lot of the books are used to help students write, do their exams, see Tia as it is in Tia. And I think what I've heard there is her work still is relevant today in terms of writing case studies. Yeah. Yeah. And it goes through a treatment plan, how to follow treatment plan, and also how she illustrates through the case study, the psychotherapy she does, which fits into the different segments of the case study. And then she talks about it theoretically. And a marvelous read, as I said, not only to understand the nuances of psychotherapy from a transaction analysis perspective, but how to write a Tia case study. And for the first part of your exam in this Tia world, that's what you need to do. And it's a book I read as a student helped me a lot in my exams. It's a very clear book. It's a very accessible book. And the case study that she wrote was very alive and interesting. And I'd recommend any students going towards their exams to buy this book, if it's only to look at how to do a case study for your exams. But it's much more than that. It's a great in-depth book. It talks a lot about the culture of Tia, the history of Tia. It's a very in-depth book. Yeah. I mean, it sounds like a real find and one that's definitely not to be missed, certainly if you're a student. Well, you know, I've read some of Clarkson's work and I'm enamored with the work she did, especially the five relationship model, which just makes so much sense. I've read it. They just made so much sense. So for those of you who want to inspect the book, maybe buy it. Of course, Bob doesn't do this for profit. He's not being sponsored by the publishers or the departed author. But if you go into the comments bar below, into the bar below, put a link in and you'll be able to click on it and see the book. And if you want to do some more investigation on it. Yeah. Just to show Roy how prestigious she is and how well thought of she is, I think there would be very few practitioners of psychotherapy who wouldn't know the name Patricia Clarkson. Absolutely. Absolutely. Well, on that note, Bob, and with that kind of ringing endorsement, you trained with her and tell a great story, I have to say, about her Turkish robes and her Turkish tea. Thank you so much. Thank you.


Wait, what? I can't disclose that information online. That's all right. What's going on, everybody? David, Andrew here from the Fun Bros. IKEA has just released their new IKEA Comma Sutra, which is a book full of positions for your bedroom. And we are out in LA, and we're going to be asking people what their favorite bedroom position is. Yo, Dave, I think this could get kind of funny. Let's find out what people think about the IKEA Comma Sutra. Let's go. What is your favorite bedroom position? What? Nani? What? Oh, no. What do you mean? Whatever feels right. What do you mean? What's your favorite bedroom position? Are you really asking me this? It's in the bed with my head on the pillow. At my age. Have you answered that first? Spooning? Same? I don't know. Just on the bed. Are we getting freaky or what? Let's just get freaky. Start fishing. Just lay on your back and expand your body. Same. Ooh. It's hard. There's so many. Who's a bad girl? How to spank you? Oh, God. That's like really personal. I can't disclose that information online. That's hard. Dave! I don't know what you guys were thinking. I was talking about bedroom arrangement. We did that on purpose. This is about furniture, about how your bedroom is arranged. Oh, OK. Facing the closet to a table. OK, that's cool. Bedroom arrangement. OK.  Not sure what you mean. Oh, like where's your dresser? Where's your bed? Oh, OK. My dresser. Shout out to Spooning, though. I like bed next to the wall. Everything on the other side. Bed against the wall. Perpendicular to the door, usually. Have you guys ever heard of the IKEA commasutra? I see that. I see that. We're real. It's a new campaign. Yeah, that's sick. The ultimate guide to bedroom satisfaction, complete with illustrations. It actually does have some commasutra. I think so. I know where you see that. Yeah, I read through the whole thing.  Yes, sir. IKEA, you need to quit. So I'm going to show you some positions in their IKEA commasutra book. And then you let me know which one's your favorite. Tiger Bridge. Tiger Bridge. I like that. That's fun. I wouldn't mind a hammock in my room with a tiger on it. I like the hammock. Yeah. It's a good hammock. I know the hammock in the 90s, like the vintage style is good. It's cute. You can put your stuffed animals. I would love a hammock in my room if I could fit that in. I like all the plants. Oh, that's me, for sure. Tiger Bridge. I kind of like that. I like the hammock. Does a tiger come with it? So we have the beautiful behinds. I connect with that one. I have a big behind. Seeing this, the closet is behind the walls where the bed is situated. Yeah, this is cool. Honestly, I like how the closet is bigger than the bed because you got to get that clothes, get those shoes. Honestly, I like the dark vibes because I feel like it really makes everything a lot more chill. The closet behind the bed. The behind is always good. Yeah, because if you don't like to watch TV in bed, the person of interest can hide behind the wall. That looks pretty good. I feel like I should do that. Keep the front presentable and the back a little more messy. I actually really like the closet space because I feel like I have a lot of clothes. Are you putting your clothes in closets or you just got like out of order? Oh, got it.  The climber. The climber. I'm passing that one. Bro, this brings back to like, you bunk with your boys, play over and now you go. Climber? Climb on that thing. Yo, I experienced that when I was in the military. Yeah, sounds kind of fun. I like it. That looks pretty fun. Free up even more space. I actually have this bed. I have this exact bed for my kids. I'm a formal climber. And then we got the doggy style. Oh, he's favorite. That's the one. It actually has a little dog there. She'd rather have the dog in the bed. Yeah, dog is welcome anytime. That's a classic. This is a classic. This is like what my parents' room would be like. Hey, that's the one. This is the one, bro. This is the one, I don't know. Yeah, this is more traditional, yeah. It's brighter, I like it. Priya is staying away from liking the doggy style too much. The doggy style, oh, that's cute. I like the opening and how it's spacious. Ooh, a good one. I like it. I like, yeah. I feel that's more my style, maybe not so much his. The lotus flower, okay. There's little kimono there hanging. That's cool, little artsy. Oh man. Looks experimental, yeah. Seems really chill. Very calming and relaxing. Very simplistic, Asian style, I think. Japanese cultured and it's like, come on, on the back. I didn't even know that was a position. Yeah, it's frequent stacker. Right, I mean, good for friends. This is what you need because I'm gonna be living in your house for the whole lot. We need this. I don't know, I like the overall theme, I think it's really peaceful. The glowing bejour, very dark, romantic. A little like Victorian-esque, that's cool. Kind of old school, but cool, yeah. Which type of person might like this one? I get an old rich lady from Mexico, yeah. Oh, that's nifty, that's cool.  Seated desire. I could deal with this. I like this, this looks like a cool New York hotel, I'm into that. Wide the open. That's good, I like that, I really do. Totally, I like a lot of space and less clutter. Somebody who likes to be organized and doesn't like to shuffle through things. Your favorite position so far? I would say the beautiful behind. I like the seated desire, yeah? Yeah, it's the desire. Okay, I really think I like the tiger bridge just because I'm a plant kind of girl. Seated with the bed and back. Which one would you guys like to try? I feel like you can take it. Let's be experimental, let's go with this one, the lotus flower. Beautiful, the beautiful behind. Okay, the wide open. I like a lot of space, I like to see everything. Tiger bridge, maybe, my. Tiger bridge. Widely open. Widely open. The tiger bridge. The doggy style. The beautiful behind. Like honestly, I stay true to the heart, you gotta stick with the doggy. I think I'm gonna go with that one too. You're the tiger bridge. I think I like the last one, the frequent stagger. I like the tiger bridge to be honest with you. I like the tiger bridge too. Tiger bridge. Wow, you guys decided on the same thing. It's like, how many advice for people who are decorating their rooms? I think the IKEA, the website, they always have a lot of room layouts. Those are always fun to look at. And I would say the bedroom is where you spend most of your time so definitely let your personality bleed out into the rest of the design, you know? You gotta have a nice, comfortable bed and just customize everything to how you like it. Oh, I have a really cool tapestry in my room. I feel like that really ties the whole room together. If it can't be seen, it's clean. Never put a bed in front of a mirror, it's Feng Shui. Explain what is Feng Shui? It is an ancient art of positioning things in a lucky way. Always declutter. Have some nice sheets, huge crew colors, blacks, grays. I think you have to keep it simple because minimalism always looks better. I think white is a new black. Talking about bets, so you gotta do it white. Could you give any tips or advice for people? Fireplace is nice. I don't know if they got those out of IKEA maybe. But now you can just put a fireplace on a screen and stream a fireplace. I like mine simple with a pop of color and femininity with some plants. I feel like who make their bed every day, they're better at keeping habits or work ethic-wise or maybe something like that. I'm not trying to be me. Excuse me. IKEA Comma Sutra helpful to look at different positions and think about it in that type of way. Yeah, for sure. I don't want to be the creative guy. I want to honestly do the work for me, so that's cool, that's cool though. Yeah, I like visualizing. So if I see it, I don't want to do it. I think they were helpful and they were pretty funny as well, so. This is a super clever idea by IKEA the Comma Sutra room arrangement. What do you guys think about an IKEA Comma Sutra? Not super cute, I love it. Yeah, because when I was sitting in my room it was just like, where do I start?  All right, everybody, thank you so much for watching that video about the IKEA Comma Sutra. We got a lot of funny and interesting answers. My major takeaway is that people definitely are not used to the word bedroom positioning. Some people were really opening to talking about bedroom positioning. Some people really needed to warm up to the idea of talking about a place that maybe felt really personal to them. But once they did, everybody had a lot of thoughts. Definitely it does help to put some thought into it because how you wake up in the morning and where you fall asleep, the vibes do matter and that's pretty much what a lot of people were saying today. Which one is your favorite IKEA Comma Sutra position? The frequent stacker I thought was a great way to accommodate additional guests while still being very space efficient. My favorite is definitely the Tiger Bridge because I felt like that that had a whole new vibe to a room that I had never thought of having the hammock, even calling it the Tiger Bridge, that's just a cool name. Finally, my major takeaway from today is that the IKEA Comma Sutra is truly inspiring people to create a space that satisfies their both physical and spiritual needs. Again, everybody, thank you so much for watching that video in the comments below. Let us know which IKEA Comma Sutra bedroom positioning arrangement is your favorite. So definitely check out the website link down below to go to the IKEA website and check out all the positions so that you can find one that you like. All right, everybody, thanks for watching that video and we're the Fung Bros. Until next time, we out, peace.  First date, perfect. I think this will help.


Hey everybody, this is Brian and welcome to the 27th, wow, 27 tutorials on LAMP. Today we're going to be discussing cookies. What are cookies? No, cookies are not the yummy delicious cookies your grandma used to make. Cookies are actually a way of storing information on your end user's computer. Think about that. Why would you want to store something on someone else's computer? Well, the answer is very simply. If you want to track when they last logged in, their username, give them the ability to log in automatically, things of that nature.  You can pretty much anything you want inside of a cookie, within reason I should say. So now that we know what a cookie is, let's see how to work with a cookie. If you go to a php.net slash manual and look up cookies, you can see there is a way to set cookie and it must be called before any output is sent to the browser. That is very, very important. What that means is, let's jump over into our IDE here. Before anything is written to the browser, that's where you need to set cookie. The reason is very simple. It's just the way HTTP works. You have to set the cookie before anything's written to the browser. So that is right where we would want to set our cookie. Now once we've set the cookie, we have to read the cookie back. We do that through a special variable called dollar sign underscore cookie. Now if you're wondering what that is, it's just an array, see? We've worked with arrays in our previous tutorials. So let's go back and look at how to set a cookie. You see there's some parameters here. You have to give it a name and then optionally a value and expire time. Notice that it can equal zero. If it equals zero, that means it'll expire immediately when the session is over. A path, a domain, and if you just read up on these, the name is the name of the cookie. The value is the value you're storing inside of the name. You see how cookie, cookie name, that value will be contained within that array element. The expire time, the time the cookie expires. This is a Unix timestamp, so it's the number of seconds since epoch. In other words, you'll most likely set this with time. And their example is you could use time 60 plus 60 times 60 times 24 times 30 will set the cookie to expire in 30 days. If set to zero or omitted, the cookie will expire at the end of the session. The reason why cookies have to expire is because sometimes information gets old. And the users can go in and at any time clear cookies out of their cache. So cookies are not permanent things. The path is an interesting one. You can actually carve out your domain and say parts of it have cookies and parts of it don't. For example, if you set it to slash or root, then the cookie will be available within the entire domain. If it's set to slash foo slash, the cookie will only be available in the foo directory and all subdirectories, such as foobar, I like that foobar, get it? Anyways, such as foobar of the domain. The domain that would be like, you know, dub dub dub example dot com. Secure is a really good one to know. Basically, what's this saying is set to true, the cookie will only be set if a secure connection exists. Very very important if you're doing something like a banking system. HTTP only is true when the cookie is made acceptable through the HTTP protocol. That means the cookie won't be acceptable by script, excuse me, scripting languages such as JavaScript. Don't confuse PHP with JavaScript. Yes, PHP is a scripting language, but they're talking client side. So that is pretty much it for cookies. We're going to actually work with some examples here. And if you go out to w3schools.com, you can also see they have a fairly good write up on this. So we're just going to take this real quick here. And you see how we have our name, our value. And I'm going to actually change that. And then our expired time. And that's really all you need. Remember, if this is set to zero, which it's zero by default, it'll expire at the end of the session. One thing you should know is that the user's browser may not support cookies. And if it doesn't support cookies, well, you're going to have to find an alternate means of doing this. So we have just loaded a cookie onto the system. Now we're going to want to read that cookie back. That did not work as planned. That's because I got the wrong name in there. Sorry about that.  OK, so you can see how you can set a value, or I'm sorry, a name, a value, an expired time. So let's set another one. The name of my cat, his name shakes, or Shakespeare actually. Let's do a little HTML goodness here. One of my former coworkers a long time ago used to call that buttery goodness. It always just cracked me up every time I heard that. And now you see that we have set the cookie. And the cookie contains two elements, user and cat. Notice how you can set an expired time for each element. Pretty interesting. So the other thing you would really need to know is what if you want to delete a cookie? For example, if you want to log a user out. Well, there's no real direct way of deleting a cookie. You simply set the expired time. For example, set cookie, name, value, time, and then minus 3,600 seconds, which basically be an hour. The expiration to one hour. That would be how you delete a cookie. And W3Schools does a pretty poor job here, in my opinion, of explaining what to do if a browser does not support cookies. They say, well, use a form. Well, there are other ways of handling. For example, in our next tutorial, we'll be discussing sessions. The difference between a cookie and a session is pretty simple. Cookies exist on your user's computer, and they can stay there for a certain amount of time. Whereas a session, that exists on the server itself. And the user never interacts with that, but here's the caveat. When the user closes the browser, the session closes with it. So your options are pretty limited. That is why, ta-da, you see down here, databases exist. Which we'll get to those in a few tutorials. Databases are for more long term storage. So just a quick review. Sessions would be immediate storage on the server itself. When the browser's closed, the session dies. These would be persistent storage on the user's computer, which may or may not exist at any given time, because the user can flush their cookies out. And then long term storage, databases, which exist on the server side. The user's never directly interact with that. Quick review on the code. You must do a set cookie before anything is written to the browser. And at any time, you can read the cookies back. One quick thing you should know. Let's actually go back here. Da-da-da-da-da-da-da. Ah, yes. You can set cookies using set cookie or set raw cookie. Now what's a raw cookie? Basically what you need to understand is that a cookie is encoded before it's sent to the browser. And then when it's read from the browser, because the browser posts it back in the background, it's decoded. Set raw cookie is exactly the same as set cookie, except that the cookie value will not be automatically early encoded when sent to the browser. So if you're having some real squirrely results, like if you're setting a value and it's coming back all garbled up, try set raw cookie. There are some times where you will need to do that. Well, that's all for this tutorial. Thank you for watching. I hope you found this educational and entertaining.


In this video, we provide the solution to question number nine for practice exam number four for math 1210 We're asked to compete the limit as x approaches pi from the left of x minus pi times cosecant of x now if we just plug in at the pi for x we're gonna get pi minus pi Times cosecant of pi for which you're gonna end up with a zero for pi minus pi But then cosecant at pi remember cosecant is cosine over sine and sine of pi is equal to zero So this thing is gonna look like zero times infinity because pi is a vertical asymptote for cosecant So because we have this indeterminate form we need to use little p-talls rule But as it's zero times infinity we're not quite there yet So we need to change from a product into a quotient the easiest way to do that It's just to push cosecant into the denominator And so this would then become the limit as x approaches pi from the left We're gonna get x minus pi in the numerator and then the reciprocal of cosecant is sine of x So applying low p-talls rule We're gonna take the derivative of top and bottom still taking the limit as x approaches pi from the left the derivative x minus pi It's gonna be one the derivative of sine of x is gonna be cosine of x now if we plug in pi into that situation We get one over cosine of pi cosine of pi It's gonna be negative once you get one over negative one or in other words negative one So we see the correct answer is gonna be


Welcome to ITU Telecom World 2017 here in Busan in the Republic of Korea. I'm very pleased to be joining the studio today by Mr. Amal Al-Qassar, who is the CEO of Cybersecurity for Rhoda and Schwartz. Mr. Al-Qassar, thank you very much for being with us. Thank you. Now I'd like to start off by talking about smart digital transformation. It's the theme here of ITU Telecom World 2017. What does it mean to you? I think it's going directly to the heart what is happening worldwide in terms of really transformation in every part of the society, economic and other parts. And yeah, it's a really interesting time now. What do you see as the biggest opportunities of smart technologies in the next five years? I think the smart technologies will give us a lot of new business models, which haven't been possible with all technologies. And if you look especially on the enabler for these kind of technologies, Cybersecurity will get an important part of making this transformation possible. And what are the biggest challenges, especially in terms of cybersecurity and digital resilience? Cybersecurity change was forever to combine to make the right trade between functionality and security. And a lot of people only look at the functional issues of new technologies without considering the security and the risk issues. And we will see that a lot of these new technologies will only be possible if we consider the security side of these technologies. And in terms of Roder and Schwartz, you're working to meet those challenges. Tell us a little bit in what steps you're taking in that way. So what we are trying to provide is to combine the security issues with functionality, making security as transparent as possible so that the users do not get notice of the security issues we put. And that makes the deployment of security much easier and much more realistic to implement. Finally, you're no stranger to events such as ITU, Telecom, World. I wanted to ask you, what's the importance of you attending events such as this? You've obviously got a stand here and you're taking some energy and budget, I'm sure, to be here. Why is it important for you to be here? And what's the key message that you might have to participants here? I think the most important thing is to have to meet the people, to meet the network, to see what other people are thinking about the same challenges we're facing and to find solutions together because at the end all this kind of transformation is only possible if we find common standards where all of us adhere to and finding these won't be possible if everyone just sits at home and tries to find the right way to do it. So it's only possible at such gatherings like IT World and for that we're really thankful for ITU organizing these and getting all the people together. Welcome you again to this, the first day of ITU, Telecom World and we hope that the week brings a lot of benefits to you and thank you very much for attending and thanks for being in the studio with us. Thank you very much for you. Thank you. Cheers. Thank you.


The distance between two points can be found using the distance formula. We could find the distance between a point and a line or a curve using a formula, but we won't. Remember, learn concepts, not formulas. Of course, a problem exists whether or not we know how to solve it, so let's try to find the distance between a point and a line given in vector form. A useful idea in math and in life, start with what you know. So, let's start with what you know. We know how to find the distance between two points, and so the distance between the point 3, 1, 7, and some point x, y, z on the line is... Now as the point of the line changes, the distance changes. And what we're calling the distance between the point and the line is the minimum value of the distance. So finding the distance corresponds to solving an optimization problem. So all we need to do is to solve an optimization problem in three variables, which we don't know how to do. While we don't know how to solve optimization problems in three variables, we do know that we have the vector equation for our line, and the vector equation corresponds to the parametric equation for x, y, and z. And this allows us to rewrite our distance formula as a function of t only. So our distance was substituting and simplifying. And so we get the distance between the point and the line given by. Now this is an optimization problem, so we'll differentiate. And while we could find the derivative directly, we'll square it to eliminate the square root and use implicit differentiation. And so we find the critical values will be where our denominator is zero or our numerator is zero. Since the point isn't on the line, s, which is the distance between the point and the line, can't be zero. And so the critical values will be the solutions to numerator equals zero. Solving gives us, and that gives us t equals 10 thirds. Since we want the distance, we can substitute into the equation for distance and find, and this will be the least distance, which will be the distance between the point and the line. The advantage of this approach is that it can be applied to any space curve. For example, let's consider this curve given parametrically, and let's try to find the point on the curve closest to the origin. So the distance between the origin and a point on the curve is given by. Again, we want to find the critical values, so we'll go ahead and work with s squared and implicit differentiation, and we find. And again, s can't be zero, so the only critical values are the solutions to this equation. Since this is a fifth degree equation, we need to solve it numerically. So we can use a tool like Wolfram Alpha, and it turns out the only real solution is. And we note that our coordinates will go to infinity as t goes to infinity, and because of that, the distance has no maximum value, so our critical value has to correspond to a least distance. So we can substitute this t value into our formula and find the least distance, and we can also substitute this into our parametric equations to find the actual coordinate of the point that is closest to the origin. Thank you.