I've got to get a lot of things cleaned up and look forward to another opportunity next week. Looking, swinging it downfield, Hilger's got it!  Presented by SHIFT4. With the head coach, I'm Mike Keith and we're glad you're with us for another season of this program. The Titans season got started two days ago. Tennessee loses to the New York Giants by a final score of 21-20. You've spent the last 48 hours going over every part of it. What are your main takeaways, Mike?  Got to move forward to Buffalo. But I would say we started the game exactly how we wanted to. Complementary, got a stop on defense, three and out. Punnett in yards, went down, scored, and really held most of the momentum. We weren't able to convert touchdowns on those next couple series. But we went into halftime at 13-0. Just gave up too many X plays in the second half defensively and didn't sustain drives. Two or three and outs to start the second half. And then at that point in time, now you let them hang around. They make a couple plays and it comes down to a field goal that we weren't able to execute. In this ball game, you do a lot of good things. Sometimes when you lose, you don't. But in this game you did, does that make this one even harder to swallow? Well, it is all losing in this league and losing in anything is hard and is disappointing and difficult. But there's a lot of things that we can point to. They say, let's continue to make this a strength. Let's get some of these other things cleaned up and then let's eliminate some of those other things that ultimately get you beat. Let's look at six of the really good plays from this game for the Titans. This is Mike Vrabel's six-pack. And we start right off the bat with a special teams play. A rookie from UCLA. His name is Kyle Phillips. Well, you know, we got eight-man box. So we're one-on-one on the gunners outside. And you can see right here, Roger and Trenton Cannon are able to hold their guys off. Usually those one-on-one blocks don't last too long. Everybody's getting some extra effort blocks and 46 yards later. So it takes a lot of people to get one of these rolling. And Kyle just seems to have a knack for finding those creases. Guys kind of thought he was down, kind of broke through. So it's a great reminder that we have to finish longer than the guy with the football. Phillips finishes the game. Four punt returns for 62 yards. As Coach mentioned, this one goes for 46. And so the Titans are in business at the New York Giants 45-yard line for the first drive of the season. Five plays later. It's time for the first touchdown of the year. Yeah, Don Charles worked extremely hard in the off-season. And, you know, was able to get him matched up there with the linebacker, Nick Westbrook. Akina was able to kind of give him a little helping hand on his release. And, you know, Ryan gives him a great ball, great protection. And really just a well-executed play that gives us an early touchdown. Don Charles Hildiard running back who played well for the Titans during the second half of last year, rushing for 350 yards, comes through with the TD catch there. Titans lead 10-0 when a big defensive play happens. This is something the Titans have been talking about the entire off-season. Don't just sack him, strip him. Yeah, we have to get more turnovers. And the easiest guy to take it away from is the quarterback. And you can kind of see Jeff there doing what he does. Working the edge on the guard. It's to the slide side. And he's able to come in right there, Tomahawk that thing. Out of there, Bud's able to get there and recover it. So, you know, we're going to need plenty of those to try to change field position in momentum this year. Jeffrey Simmons in the ballgame with two sacks and that forced fumble. Titans lead 13-0 at the half, but the Giants come back in the third to tie it at 13 before Ryan Tannehill takes his team on a 75-yard drive to retake the lead. And it's a familiar target. Yeah, it was a great drive. It was well executed. Some conversions get down there. They kind of left Don Charles alone there in the flat. Ryan was able to quickly progress through and find him. And Don Charles got his head around. You'll see here as this ball gets here, it's well placed. Timing hits him in stride. He's able to beat the linebacker to the corner. That was a first in 20 from the 23 for Hilliard. Three catches, 61 yards and the two touchdowns that you have seen. More special teams play this time from the rookie punter, Ryan Stonehouse with an outstanding punt. And then we see Trey Avery leading the charge to get Richie James down. Yeah, Stoney bangs this one and, you know, guys are just kind of running. We're in our lanes and Trey popped in there and had a tackle and two assists on special teams. So big punt, 64-yard net return. After a special teams fumble, the Giants get the ball at the Titan's 11-yard line and are looking to tie the game. Two plays later, Amani Hooker with the big play. Yeah, I mean defense of sudden change was able to, you know, they targeted Barclay and they were giving it to him and we knew it was going to be a big part of the game. Unfortunately, we weren't able to stop them many runs, but, you know, Amani does a great job there getting his head around and intercepting the ball, saving us points. Titans extend Amani Hooker's contract at the end of last week. Everybody very excited for that because this is a player who has gotten better every year for this ball. Yep, each and every year and that's something that we're all going to have to do this year is we're all going to have to get better. When we come back, it's time to know your foe. We look at Monday Night Football's opponent, the Buffalo Bills. When the Mike Vrable show presented by Shift 4 continues from the Bet MGM Studios. Presented by Shift 4, this is the Mike Vrable show and it's time to know your foe. In week two, that is the Buffalo Bills, a team the Tennessee Titans have now played in five straight seasons. We'll go to Highmark Stadium in Buffalo where Mike Vrable has been a couple times in his life. 6-15 is the kickoff time. Tough place to play. It is. It's a great crowd. It's a great fan base. A lot of history. Not to mention they're a really good football team. Led by Josh Allen who had a big, big game in the season opener on September the 8th against the Los Angeles Rams. He threw three touchdown passes and was their leading rusher. He's just got a lot of arm talent. He can beat you inside the pocket. He can beat you out. If he scrambles to his right, it's not going to be good for any defense. That's going to be critical for us. They're going to run him. He doesn't slide. He's got a great stiff arm. You kind of see him just making plays all over here. He's extended to play and then diving in the end zone for a touchdown. 6-5, 2-40, he can do it all. He got a lot better as a quarterback when the Buffalo Bills obtained Stefan Diggs from Minnesota and Diggs had eight catches for 122 yards in a touchdown in the season opener. I think a real instinctive and smart intellectual receiver who's hugely talented. Like he just has understanding. Routecraft in and out of breaks, changes speeds, great hands. It's difficult. The real difficult part of playing the Buffalo Bills is their defense is as good as their offense. Seven sacks in the victory over the Rams and that big linebacker Tremaine Edmonds, he makes them go. If you get in long yard situations with these guys, it's going to be a long day. We're going to have to be really good on early downs and Tremaine Edmonds has got the speed, the length to kind of operate inside. They don't do a whole lot. They just say, here we are, come get us and we're going to have to be really good and prepare this week. Titans certainly want to run the football well against the Bills, but you have to do everything well because this is a complete team. Mike, is the most impressive thing about these Buffalo Bills of Sean McDermott just how complete they are? Well, I think they just all have an understanding of who they are, the pieces, what they want to do. And again, they're well coached and they're talented. They're definitely talented without question. The Titans in the Bills, 615 coming up next Monday night from Buffalo. Still to come, the genuine article is defined to be someone or something that is authentic. When it comes to the Titans, well, the genuine article, you're going to meet that guy coming up. Epic Western's Genuine Titan, a new feature on our show, up next in our first installment. Pretty special. Stay tuned. Epic Western now part of the Mike Frable show. We're excited to have them as part of our team and this feature is theirs. It's the Genuine Titan. For the first selection, our Genuine Titan seemed to be obvious and that's center Ben Jones. Couldn't think of a more deserving player, impactful person around our organization than Ben Jones. Ben Jones residing with the team in the off season has missed just one game since he joined the Titans organization and has never had a losing season with this franchise. Amy Wells shows us why Ben Jones is Epic Western's Genuine Titan. Get out of it! A Genuine Titan in 2022 has to be a combination of Amy Adams-Strunk's fearlessness. Mike Frable's no-nonsense attitude and John Robinson's rural Tennessee toughness. The current player who most obviously embodies all of those qualities is Alabama raised, Georgia educated, and now two-tone blue. Center Ben Jones. Ask any Titan and they will tell you that number 60 is genuine.  He's like a rock, I feel like, you know, kind of a foundation in the offense of what it means to play in this offense and be a Titan. But then also like, you know, kind of starts with him and all the checks that he's making, everything that's going on, doing a play kind of starts with Ben Jones and they're like, it's just so smart. Ben Jones is there for any player, young or old, offensive defense, star or guy fighting to make the roster. Jones is a teammate to whom all players can turn. Coming in from rookie year to now, I didn't learn Ben like just from how he handed himself like physically, like mentally to like to play but to like prepping for a game week or even practice. He talking to everybody. He got a relationship with everybody on the team. That's a true leader, captain, trace like that you wanted someone like Ben, he has all those traits. The better part about him is how good of a man and how good of a teammate he is in terms of bringing everyone along, whether you're a rookie or veteran, always praising and always trying to help people out, whether they do good or they have a bad day, he always makes sure that people improve and feel good about themselves. Ben Jones isn't just a good guy. He isn't just a tough guy. He's a really, really outstanding center. Just ask quarterback Ryan Tannehill what he means to the Titans offense. He embodies what the Titans organization is about. He's tough. He's always there. He's going to fight to be out there for his teammates. He's a hard worker. He's sacrificed, he plays through paint. He's the foundation of that offensive line.  He's been known to make everyone in the building pay on their birthday, including Mike Grable and John Robinson. Recently he got teammate and fellow captain Kevin Byard on his 29th birthday. Every birthday! Byard made it clear he didn't plan to mess with Jones in retaliation. Nah man, we don't mess with Ben. Ben is a wild guy. He's the wild event here man. He does what he want to do. Ben Jones is a genuine Titan because he genuinely loves the Titans and he loves this game. My job is to come out there and be the best player again and get guys lined up and rescued but just more to that. It's being in the locker room. It's mentoring young kids. It's going extra. Hey, helping guys find a place to live. My role is bigger than just helping on Sundays.  If I'm not out there, I feel like I'm letting them down. So if I can play, if I can go out there and get up, I'm going to play. Ben Jones, Epic Western's genuine Titan. What does he mean to you as the head coach? True warrior. I think personally we have a fantastic relationship. I have so much respect in the man and the husband and the dad that Ben is. I see him with those kids and with his wife Alex. He means a lot to my son Carter. So personally he means a lot to me. What he means to this football team is exactly what those teammates said. That he's a leader. He's a captain. He is always finding a way to lift somebody up and he has a relationship with everybody here. Yeah, you mentioned that Amy Wells found plenty of defensive guys willing to talk about him. Not always the case on both sides of the ball to have a guy who extends in that way and has that kind of personal respect. Yeah, when you go in the locker room, I mean those guys recognize who is one of us and wants to be about us and puts a team first. And Ben Jones too. I want you to talk about what a good football player he is because sometimes I think that part of it gets lost in what a good guy he is. The consistency, the toughness, the way that he's able to get his job done with angles and gets everybody going. There's no doubt that I have to drag him off the field to get him out there. I like this feature. I like this feature. Yeah, nice job, Amy Wells. And thanks to Epic Western for making the genuine Titan possible on the Mike Grable show. We're back with more of the program. Welcome back to the Mike Grable show presented by SHIFT4. You never know who you're going to see at Nissan Stadium on game day. And sometimes the biggest stars on the field are not football players. I think Mike Grable might agree that the biggest star to be on the field this past Sunday was the young man who sang the national anthem to Corey Johnson. Crushes it. I mean, he earned himself an invitation back and he took advantage of it. I think he was better this time than he was last time. He's from Louisville, Kentucky. He sang the national anthem at age nine. He was back for an appearance at age 10. Watch this and know this name in this face and voice. I am so happy you're back. Thank you. I'm going to get back. Look at this. My chief is doing that. Are you scared about anything? I'm not scared, but my heart is racing. I still so respect.  Thank you, yes. They got me coming back. And 10-year-old sensation to Corey Johnson of Louisville, Kentucky. As we honor our country in the city of the national anthem. Ever since I can talk, I've been singing. I want to be a superstar, a person who inspires things. I said, it was amazing. It was amazing. Can you imagine doing that at age 10? I mean, I got goosebumps out there. Kevin Byer and I were just sitting here, man, you can bring it. Corey Johnson, something else. When we come back, it's time for Mike Brable's keys to victory in Buffalo. That's next on the Mike Brable show presented by Shiftful. Time for the Nissan keys to victory on the Mike Brable show. The head coach with some keys to beating Buffalo in six days on Monday night football. Key number one, be good on first and second down.  Stay efficient. I mean, on offense, if we aren't efficient on first and second down, these guys are going to make us pay. We get into long yard situations, second and long, second and ten, third and long. It's just going to be tough to be able to protect and get through the distance that we need to before those guys get home to Ryan. So if we can stay efficient, we can be balanced and then do better than what we did on Sunday on those third and short opportunities that we had, which I'm confident that we will. I think that's a good place to start for us offensively. Key number two is about stopping the bill's running game. Well, they'll run it as much as we let them, just like everybody else. And not only that, but it's about the quarterback. It's the quarterback out of the pocket. It's the QB design runs that they've committed to. And like you mentioned last week, he was their leading rusher. So him out on the move is going to be just as critical of stopping that than it is a tailback run. But they do have good backs. Well, they have great backs. Singletary has really developed into a nice player. Moss runs hard. So they're getting some run out of those guys where I don't think maybe they were in the same position a couple years ago. All right, let's talk about key number three, which is about special teams and it's about coverage units. Well, we got to be fast and physical. I think we were trying to do that. If we could just enhance on where we were as a kickoff unit, tackling them inside the 20, those are great ways to set the table and send messages throughout the game. So our special teams unit cleaned up a few things and hopefully it can continue to be a strength. And you called up two guys from the practice squad to the active roster, Trenton Cannon and Joe Jones, who are good kick cover guys. Yeah, they're great. They're integral parts of our special teams unit, Heart and Soul and guys that have done it for a lot of years in this league. All right, we'll remind you that the Titans and the Bills play on Monday Night Football. It is an unusual start time, 6.15 at Highmark Stadium. You'll be able to hear our broadcast on 104.5, the zone and other Titans radio stations in the region, beginning with Titans countdown at five o'clock. For the head coach, Mike Vrable, I'm Mike Keith. Thanks so much for joining us. The Mike Vrable show presented by Shift4 from here at the Vet MGM Studios. We'll see you next time.


Ts … … That's drunk. During the Super Nintendo's heyday, PAL regions sadly missed out on a lot of games that North America and Japan got. But they did at least get a few interesting titles that North America missed – everything from Terra-Nigma, the Firemen, a couple Dragon Ball Z fighting games, and this game titled … … Civilian? Sava-Lion? Syvalian. Oh, thanks, I appreciate that. Cyvallion was originally made for arcades by Taito way back in 1988, and it was designed by the same person who created Bubble Bottle, Fukio Mitsuji. It got a home computer port in 1990 for the Sharp X68000, before finally getting a Super Nintendo release in Japan and in PAL regions in November of 1992. It was also released for PS2 as part of Taito Legends 2 in 2006. I should also mention that the original arcade version of this game used a trackball, whereas of course you'll be using a D-pad when playing the Super Nintendo edition. On the surface, Cyvallion looks like a regular old shoot-em-up just fly around as this cool-looking golden dragon and killing everything with fire, but there are at least a few things that make this game unique. For one thing, there is a surprising amount of text in this game, right away we're met with paragraphs of exposition, telling the story of a person getting abducted by aliens who plan on conquering Earth, but your character manages to hijack this gigantic gold spaceship that looks like a Chinese dragon called the Cyvallion, and of course it's up to you and only you to thwart the invasion and save the Earth and all that. But it doesn't end there, between each of the game's five levels you get more text explaining how the ship's food supply runs out so you're forced to eat this rancid monster meat to survive, but it turns out eating this stuff actually upgrades and powers up your ship. Uh, sure, okay. Here's the thing though, the mazes you navigate in this game are all randomly generated, and not only that, the story is random too. There's a set number of different scenarios you can play through, and each one is different every time you boot up the game. Sure, they might not always make sense or be all that engaging, but it's pretty dang cool and it's not something you see too often in this era of gaming.  It's seriously a really interesting idea, but I gotta say it's pretty unfortunate that the entire story is laid out in text instead of some cutscenes or maybe weaving the story into the gameplay somehow. Still, I admit I ended up playing through this one a few times just to see what story prompts I would get. Supposedly, the original arcade game has over 100 different story prompts, and I'm not sure how many the SNES edition has, but it does seem like there are a lot. And also, I've read that this game is somehow related to the Darius series, but I'm not really sure how or why. If anyone knows the connection, leave a comment below. Like I said, the mazes for each level are also randomly generated for each playthrough, and that's cool and all, but unfortunately, the gameplay itself is pretty limited. You have your fire breathing attack, which has a throttle meter on the bottom of the screen, so you gotta let go of the fire button every so often to make sure that your attack recharges. But other than that, you're pretty much just trying to carefully make your way through each maze without dying. Your health meter is the color of your ship, so once you turn bright red, that pretty much means your ship will go boom with just one more hit. You do get upgrades to your ship as you progress through the game, like spikes that fly out of your tail, but ultimately, there's not much else to the gameplay that's all that interesting. This is a really short game with only five levels, but at least there's three different game modes to choose from. The first is called Basic, which is pretty much just a tutorial with all five levels being permanently set to help you practice. The real combat series mode is the randomizer mode where you get different scenarios and mazes for each playthrough, and the third mode is a time attack where you just try and get the most points possible within a time limit on one life. Like I keep alluding to though, this game is ridiculously short. You can easily finish this one in something like 15 or 20 minutes, and this game is extremely forgiving too. If you die, you pick up right where you left off, and there's unlimited continues as well. I gotta point out one other thing, a major strength this game has is the music. This first level music alone is friggin' awesome. So yeah, Cyvallion is an interesting novelty. The fact that you get random mazes and a random story scenario to play through is really cool, but this is such an incredibly short playthrough, there's just not a whole lot of meat on the bone with this game. I dig the ideas here, and I get that having a shorter playthrough can encourage a player to run through this game a few times, just to play through different scenarios. But still, the core gameplay here is kinda bland. I mean, if you're into arcade-style games where you're always gunning for the high score, then you might enjoy this one. For me, if there was more to the gameplay or the basic level in enemy design, then this would be an easy recommendation, but as it is, I can only recommend this one as a curiosity. Alright, I wanna thank you for watching, and I hope you have a great rest of your day.


Hi, welcome back. In the last class, so we learnt about the host plant resistance and the types of host plant resistance. Now, in this class, let us look at the mechanism by which the plants will develop these resistance mechanisms. So, there are three major mechanisms of resistance. One is the antigenosis and second one is an anti-biosis and third one is the tolerance. Let us look at in detail about what are these mechanisms, how they are going to impart the resistance in the plants. With this diagram, we can clearly look at the factors which are involved in developing or imparting the resistance in the plant. So, the antigenosis which is purely of the pest reaction in the sense. So, based on certain characters which are present in the plant, the pest is going to react to that and hence, so the plant will be get avoided by the pest attack. Whereas, in second mechanism that is an anti-biosis which is a purely a plant reaction. In the sense, the plant will produce in response to which the pest population is going to be reduced. Whereas, the tolerance mechanism is a reaction of both. It is both by the pest and as well as by the plant. Now, what is antigenosis? Basically, antigenosis can be simply defined as a non-acceptance. In the sense, it is a type of resistance where insect will not accept for feeding and breeding even if there is no alternative source. In the sense, the plant will have a certain mechanism or a characters which totally avoid the colonization of the insect on that plant and even if there is no alternative for it also, the insect cannot establish on it. For example, the host plant characters which are responsible as a non-preference for the insect for shelter, OE position and feeding. So, this mainly involves the presence of the morphological or the chemical factors which alter the behavior resulting in a poor establishment of the insect. If you look at these, some examples that I have given here. Say, for example, the trichomes in cotton that is means the long hairy character of the cotton on leaves and the stem are quite resistant to the white flag. Similarly, the wax coating on the cruciferous leaves like cabbage or cauliflower will deter the feeding by the diamond back mark and some of the ear-head characters or the plant shape or color will also play a major role in the non-preference of the insect. So, some characters like the open panicle in case of sorghum will not support the helicopa and also the ear-head bug. So, this table gives some of the characters in certain plants, I can add some of the insects. For example, for bowlworms, so you see the non-preference will be smooth leaves or nectarilus, long pedicel and thick bouldering. Whereas, for the bowl we will can see that frego bract kind of a plant, then red plant body, hairy leaves are the major non-preferring characters. For white flies, the smooth leaves and the thin leaves are the non-preferring character. Then coming to the next mechanism is an antibiosis. Antibiosis can be defined as an adverse effect of the plant on the biology with respect to the survival, development and reproduction of insect and their progeny due to certain biochemical and bio-physical factors present in it. So, it might be due to the presence or production of the toxic substances or absence of sufficient amount of the essential nutrients or causing an nutrient imbalance or the improper utilization of the nutrient. So, examples have been here like certain chemicals like dimbova, so which is mainly acts as an antibiosis against the European corn borer and the gospel content present in the cotton is an antibiotic factor against the American bullworm. Similarly, sinegrain is a compound present in the plant will deter or not establish make the plant, I mean the insect will establish on it for the aphids and cucurbitation against certain aphid species. Now, how these antibiotic factor or the antibiosis is going to affect the insect? So, if you look at there are two important way that it is going to affect one is the direct way and the indirect way. In case of direct way it directly affects the growth and development of the plant insect and also the development process and not only that it also affects the reproduction of the insect and ultimately affecting the survival and the general vigor of the insect. Indirectly it makes vulnerability to the biocontrol agent in the sense when the insect growth and development is affected then quite naturally the other natural enemies will take over and then so they will control the past. Then vulnerability to the environmental aberration its overall effect is the reduction in the rate of the population. Some of the biochemical components have been grouped here as an high gospel content for the bullworm or tobacco birdworm or even to the spider mite. Then high phenol content is quite confer the resistance to the bullworm and also the condensed a tannin so for the same past. In the high tannin content if it is present on the leaves then they are quite resistant against jacids. If they are present in the buds they are quite resistance against the bullworm attack and similarly the low sugar content in the anther is imparts the resistance to the bull we will and the bullworm. Now coming to the third mechanism of resistance that is tolerance. What is tolerance? The tolerance can be best defined as its ability of the plant to grow and reproduce and even repair the injury to a marked degree in spite of supporting a population approximately equal to that of a damaging as a susceptible host. That means the plant do not show any kind of an antigenosis or antibiosis but simply support the best population to a higher extent but still it will be capable of producing a normal yield. So there will not be any economic yield or a loss, there will not be a lowering of any quality of the product and in fact sometimes the tolerance will be confused with a lower level of resistance or the moderate resistance but it is not so and this is not it is totally different from that other two causes by not coming in or in other way of the activity which I have already explained. This is the table which indicates some of the there are crops which have been developed which shows the resistance against the various insect pests. So I will just make a passing remark like in case of ground nut on leaf miner so we have the ICGV varieties which have developed and imparting resistance against the leaf miner similarly in case of the chickpea against pod borer would we have some varieties which have been developed and for sugarcane for several pests on sugarcane we have these the co varieties which are quite specific in imparting the resistance against these plants. And what are the advantages of the host plant resistance? If you look at this basically the host plant resistance provides accumulative and persistent effect in the sense these characters are included or incorporated or integrated into the plant system so over a period of time and hence the characters are going to be established for a longer time. Then there is no additional cost to the grower in the sense like no extra pay should be made by the farmer as these are already been integrated or incorporated in the plant system and there are no residue effect and no effect or an harmful effect to the beneficial fauna and it integrates effectively with other control methods and also helps in conserving the biological control agents and it is most useful in the low economic crops but at the same time we also have certain limitations for the host plant resistance. What are those? There is a long time which is needed for developing and resistant variety and if you do it for a one pest so again it will be a longer rather than that better to develop a multiple resistant varieties and different varieties need to be developed for a different geographical areas and there is always a good agronomic practices to be made in order to conserve these characters against those insects and resistance most often is found in species of off type and biotypes especially which we see it in insects will adopt quite well and will break down the resistance in the plant and there is an incompatibility of resistance character with some other characters in the sense like sometimes certain plant varieties which show a lot of resistance to certain species will have a low yielding quality so this kind of an incompatibility we do see many a times and the replacement of varieties by the better yielders will be sometimes quite essential. Then how best that HPR or the host plant resistance can be incorporated into the IPM so this very well fits into the IPM practice say for example it can be very well fit into the chemical control where the HPR will enhances the efficacy of insecticide because it has already reduced the pest population make it more vulnerable even with a simple chemical spray. Similarly it is compatible with the biocontrol program like because the pest species will already is affected by the host plant resistance mechanism so thereby they will become more vulnerable to the various biocontrol agents and they are also quite fit well into the cultural methods as these cultural practices will help the better utilization of the resistant varieties. So in this class we actually learnt about the different mechanisms through which the plant will develop a resistance against the pest attack thank you.


President Bola Tinubu has urged the leadership of the all-progressive Congress APC, particularly elected officials, to be steadfastly committed to good governance, which will re-engineer the economic and political landscape of the nation to address the needs of the poor. Speaking at the 12th National Executive Council Neck Meeting of the Party where former Canada State Governor Ablai Ganduja and Senator Bashir Wajibola emerged as the new National Chairman and National Secretary expensively, the President pledged that his administration would continue to ensure that all government programs benefit and uplift the masses of the country rather than bring more pain. The President who addressed the Neck Meeting for the first time since his election victory in February emphasized that winning the election is just the beginning of a longer progressive journey while noting that responsive and accountable governance is a separate challenge that requires continuous effort. It is an honorable thing. Yes, we are facing challenges in thought and I say this is one of most free and fair elections in the history of Nigeria. To us, congratulations. And as a Democrat, those who cannot accept the result of a free and fair election does not deserve, they do not deserve the joy of victory. The President who also called on the Party Faithfuls to train its side squarely on development and prosperity of the country. Adding that this administration is poised to build in international trade partnerships across sectors that would benefit not just the national coffers but the wallets and accounts of the Nigerian people. The Party is better and must be nurtured from the world level upwards. It is our responsibility to promote unity, stability, and love among ourselves. And we must deliver on our promises. I brought before you the renewed hope to fulfill your dreams and the dreams of our founding fathers. To be sure that Nigeria remains the focal point of our foreign and domestic policy.


Hey everyone, it's Professor Howard. I want to talk to you a little bit about some of the major names in the history of the field behavior analysis. So we're going to be talking about really, really early researchers whose work does not approximate what we do today, all the way up through more contemporary researchers. And there are four major names that I want you to be paying attention to as we're talking about the history of behavior analysis. Let's go ahead and get started with a researcher that would not call themselves a behavior analyst. We're going to start with Ivan Pavlov. So that name, and of course I can never pass up an opportunity to make this joke, that name should ring a bell because Ivan Pavlov was the researcher who is most well known for teaching dogs to salivate at the sound of an arbitrary stimulus. In later replications, this was an actual bell, but early on Pavlov discovered that when his research assistant was coming into his physiology lab, the research assistant would come in with these very loud kind of footsteps, like and eventually after a few days, the dogs would start to salivate when they were hearing those very loud footsteps. Pavlov hypothesized that there was something about these dogs. They were able to emit these psychic secretions, like they were able to predict what was going to happen. And so from there, that's when Pavlov did a number of studies where he was trying to figure out and isolate those psychic secretions. Pavlov is most closely associated with classical conditioning. And in classical conditioning, what we're talking about is the way in which a stimulus in the environment can influence the organism's behavior. Classical conditioning is all about the way in which environmental stimuli that occur prior to behavior elicit or draw out of the organism this kind of reflexive response. So Pavlov is all about reflexes. We're talking about responses that the organism does not choose to emit, but rather that are kind of elicited or drawn out of the organism against their control. There are a few ways in which we'll talk about reflexive responses in the human organism throughout the semester, but for the most part, we don't focus a lot on classical conditioning. We tend to focus on a different kind of conditioning. Another researcher that you want to be aware of is El Thorndike. And when we're talking about Thorndike's work, Thorndike has this really wonderful video describing the ways in which he would take stray animals, like stray cats from the community. These are ones where he did not control their learning history. These were just available research subjects. He would put them into a puzzle box and try to measure how long it took the learner to get out of the puzzle box and to get access to a preferred stimulus. So they would be in the puzzle box, they'd figure out the lever to press or how to get out of the box. And then as soon as they were released from that puzzle chamber, they would get access to a small amount of food. Thorndike was the first researcher to hypothesize that if behavior produces what he called pleasant consequences, then it's going to be repeated. But if behavior produces unpleasant consequences, then the organism won't repeat that behavior. And you can see that that kind of jibes with or that makes sense. It conforms with our expectation that good things make behavior happen more and bad things make behavior happen less often. Kind of like a proto-reinforcement and punishment description. But it's really important to note that most behavior analysts do not use terms like pleasant and unpleasant when talking about reinforcement and punishment because you have to assume what's happening in the organism. So Thorndike we think is kind of an early proto-behaviorist. He's a learning theorist. And from Thorndike's work, that's where we get later researchers. Now, when we talk about John Watson, he was the very first person to label himself as a behaviorist. So John Watson is the first behaviorist, but he was also incredibly controversial. So there are lots of different kinds of behaviorism and lots of different researchers in the realm of behavior analysis. Watson's behaviorism was incredibly controversial for a number of reasons. We're going to talk about a few of them here, but it's important to note that Watson is a methodological behaviorist. And a methodological behaviorist is very different from modern behavior analysts because for the most part, they have different opinions about private events. So Watson is really, really well known for the Baby Albert study. And I encourage you, if you have not already heard of the Baby Albert study in your previous studies, go ahead and have a look at it. Go find some information about it. Most sources are pretty accurate. Essentially, Watson wanted to know, can you condition fear? So it's very similar to the Pavlov studies where we're looking at, can you draw something out? Can you elicit something out? Watson is what's known as an SR psychologist. So he's looking at the stimulus and the way it produces a response. The difference between Watson and Pavlov is that it's not necessarily a reflexive response that we're looking at. It is a voluntary response, but it's nevertheless one that is elicited by the environment. And Watson, from that research with Baby Albert, suggested that fear and emotions are a result of the environment, that they're not private events. So it was important to note that that fear didn't kind of just well up within us, that it wasn't uncontrollable. But if we understood the environment well enough, we could point at or point to the places where that fear had developed, which is good because it tells you that, you know, fear and strong emotions have a cause. They're not uncontrollable. But unfortunately, Watson took it to an extreme. And like other methodological behaviors, he started considering things like private emotions or private events, explanatory fictions. So what I mean by that is he would say they don't have any causal power. And so we should, for the most part, not include them in an explanation or understanding of human behavior. So you could imagine that that alone, beyond traumatizing a baby, that alone is incredibly controversial. It would be like me saying to you that what you think and what you feel are not important, which modern behavior analysts don't believe that. Watson also had a number of other kind of controversial comments. Watson would say other things like don't praise mediocre children, because if you praise children for being okay, but not very good, then what you'll get is more mediocre performance. Watson really tended to speak beyond his data. And he stayed in academia for just a little bit. There was some outrage. He was kind of pushed out of the academy, and then he went into marketing, which seemed to work really well for him. Watson's work, however, a lot of that controversy, a lot of that really controversial, those controversial beliefs persist, though. And so when you talk to other psychologists, many of them will say that behavior analysts think things like John Watson, they say that we think things like we don't believe in thoughts and feelings or that it's all habits and we don't have any control over it, which is false. The researcher that it's really important to know when understanding modern behavior analysis is BF Skinner. Because BF Skinner's work changed behavior analysis forever. Skinner is considered the father of modern behavior analysis. He coined the term radical behaviorism. When we talk about radical behaviorism, what we mean is that we want to explain all behavior. We want to understand not only what you do publicly, but what you're feeling privately. When you're thinking to yourself, when you're making a mental grocery list or a list of things you have to do later, I can't see you thinking about your grocery list or your plans to go shopping or the things that you have to do for the rest of the day. But nevertheless, they exist to you. And even if it has just an audience of one person, you thinking to yourself, planning for the future, it's still nevertheless behavior. Skinner was the first person to suggest that private events are also behavior. Private events are very important. And we have to understand private events as well as public events. That's what the radical means. It means we have to explain everything public and private. And we also see that with Skinner's work, what he's interested in understanding is a lot of the human experience. And most human experiences come down to voluntary behavior. The vast majority of our behavior every day is stuff that we choose to do. Now my decision to get up in the morning and take a shower and get dressed and go to work, it doesn't always feel as if I'm consciously choosing a lot of those things, like maybe I'm brushing my teeth and not paying attention. But even if I'm not giving it my full attention, it's still nevertheless a voluntary response. Very different than, for instance, blinking, blinking. If you puff air into my eye, I'm going to blink reflexively. I'm not thinking about that. But choosing to brush my teeth, choosing to put on pants or comb my hair in the morning, very voluntary. And Skinner's interested in voluntary behavior. Most modern behavior analysts are primarily focused on voluntary responses. And we tend to be radical behaviorists. We want to know about the personal events, the private events. We want to know everything. Skinner was very popular, did a lot of work in the 40s and 50s, and discovered a lot of the really basic concepts that we're going to cover in this course. He was the first to publish extensively on things like schedules of reinforcement, did a lot of work on reinforcement and shaping, auto shaping, some contemporary researchers with Skinner did work on punishment and understanding the way that works. So when we talk a lot about the basic principles behavior analysis, we're always going to be tying our work back to things done by BF Skinner when he was a researcher at Harvard. He also pioneered a lot of social uses of behavior analysis. So Skinner was not only interested in, you know, what do we do in the lab, but how can we take those discoveries, those basic principles that we're discovering and how can we apply them or translate them for use in everyday life. And those everyday translations are quite important because in the case, for instance, I'm showing you a shot here from something called Project Pigeon. It's great to have scientific knowledge, but if you can't do anything with it, if you're not improving the quality of people's life with that knowledge, then are you really doing much good for the world, for the community. And Skinner wanted to see a lot of those basic principles that he discovered translated into popular use. Project Pigeon was one way that Skinner wanted to use the science of behavior analysis to actually save lives of soldiers in World War II. So if you haven't heard of it, you may want to check it out. Now Skinner's principles of behavior analysis were first applied in the early 1970s, so late 60s or early 70s. One of the first applications of behavior analysis was to help patients living in psychiatric institution. The nurse as a, as a technician, as a behavioral technician was one of our first applied studies. And the purpose of the study was essentially that there was a treatment facility where clients living in inpatient psychiatric treatment would kind of mob the nurses. They would, you know, the only source of enrichment for the clients living in that facility were interactions with staff, but there weren't very many staff. And the researchers in the study tried to find ways of providing enrichment, providing reinforcement for behaviors that didn't involve, you know, ganging up on and surrounding and making unsafe conditions for the psychiatric staff. So once we saw that it was pretty effective and pretty easy to take a lot of those basic principles that Skinner was discovering, there was a whole new focus and behavior analysis on taking our principles and applying them for the public good. That's where we get the idea of applied behavior analysis. Behavior analysis is the science, but when we're applying it to solve a particular social issue or a problem with the client, then we're taking those principles and applying them or solving something that we need to be working on. We see that there was a lot of emphasis and popularity and behavior analysis through the 1970s. Skinner as a researcher, but also as a psychologist and a philosopher suggested that we can take those principles that we're going to learn about in this course reinforcement and punishment and understanding why people do certain behavior under certain circumstances that we can understand the human condition well enough to actually solve big problems. Like we could figure out waste and sustainable use of resources. We can figure out health and longevity and make sure that people are being supported and learning and becoming their best selves. We can make sure that we're designing educational systems that will better support our learners. And so we see that Skinner kind of goes from being a basic researcher, someone who spends all their lives in the lab. And as he retires, he starts talking about well, these are all the many different ways in which we can kind of save the world with behavior analysis. Unfortunately, by this point, a lot of the world had moved on. So we see that while we're seeing these meteoric rises in behavior analysis and the ways in which you could apply them, that around this time there was the Chomsky Skinner debates. And because of the Chomsky Skinner debates and Chomsky's critique of Skinner's theory of language, that a lot of cognitive psychology came in. So if you've ever heard of, for instance, cognitive therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy, you'll see that the emphasis on thinking and the way in which people approach and perceive their world became much more popular. And in the 70s and 80s, behavior analysis fell out of favor. And so many modern psychologists actually believe that for the most part, behavior analysts no longer exist, that we're just kind of a passing fad very much like psychoanalysts who they think don't exist. But in both of those places, they're very wrong. People still follow a lot of these principles of psychoanalysis, behavior analysis, you name it. And we see that it wasn't until the early 2000s that there was a big resurgence in behavior analysis, because it's a very useful, very functional science for understanding people's behavior. So there's been a resurgence in the popularity of behavior analysis. So for instance, you'll most often see behavior analysis used when we're talking about the treatment of autism spectrum disorder, or teaching habilitative skills for folks who have intellectual or developmental disability. You see that behavior analysis is used widely when we're talking about positive behavioral supports in schools, when we're talking about ways in which you can redesign the school culture to better support the learner in the school. Behavior analysis and behavioral principles are used widely in most effective forms of animal training that humane and effective forms of animal training are all about behavior analysis. I use behavior analysis in staff training and management, in child and adult education. And you see applications of behavior analysis to places like substance abuse treatment, healthy living, just a whole gamut of different ways in which you can use behavior analysis. So just as a refresher, we talked about the major researchers in the history of behaviorism. We talked about some of the differences between classical and offering conditioning. We talked about the differences, especially between Watson and Skinner, and moving forward some of the ways in which we saw an increase and decrease in the popularity followed by the resurgence of behavior analysis. Looking forward to knowing if you guys have any questions. I'll see you next time.


Oh, all right, everybody. Yes, it is Tuesday and we are live. This is great now. Want everyone to let me know. If you're available, you can hear me. I sound loud and clear. I tried to go live last week and I had run into technical difficulties. So my apologies on that. I will be live every Tuesday at 8.30 for a brief review of the podcast. I'm also going to try to tape something for later as well. And today we're going to discuss five reasons why you need to enter flow state and why that's important. So hopefully you guys have experienced flow state and live your lives looking for opportunities to get in the flow state. Why? Because it's that important. This week we interviewed Steven Keiler and he is the author of many books and does research in the flow state. His last book, The Art of Impossible was fantastic. I really enjoyed it and the interview was great. And any time that you can get me feeling nostalgia about the 90s, I'll take it because it was a good time for me. And Steven and his exploration of flow state, he is actually an older punk rocker and extreme sport enthusiast because we're roughly about the same age. So I enjoyed having that conversation with him.  Let me know that you can hear me and see me well. I appreciate that. As I mentioned, I used to go live all last year for about six months every day at 8.30 and during weekdays. And I'm going to try to bring that back but I'm only doing lives on Tuesday. So let me know that you're there. Shoot me a comment. Say hello. That would be great. And as I mentioned, we're going to be talking about five reasons why you should be looking for opportunities for flow state and why that is important. So we interviewed, as I mentioned, we interviewed Steven Collier. And here's what I wanted to say about that interview. Geron Allen. Right on, Geron. Thank you very much. Nice to see you too, buddy. Thank you for tuning in. I appreciate it. All right. So as we were talking about flow state, Steven roughly the same age as I am. So he was bringing back flow state to his days of skateboarding, snowboarding in the 90s in the explosion of extreme sports. And of course I'm 47. So I certainly was there for the explosion of extreme sports. But also with that, I was a participant as I was an avid skateboarder. And I don't know if any kids in the 90s could escape the lore of skateboarding. Now, for myself, I found extreme sports as an escape from my, my home life. In the 90s, I was a teenager. So my parents were getting divorced. They were always squabbling. I always just found it better for me to just be out of the house. I wouldn't have to deal with anything. So skateboarding was that outlet for me. So I, I participated in a, a professor says hi from the UK. Good to see you. Hope you're well. I am very well. Thank you very much. And the other thing that we were discussing with Steven was the soundtrack that went along with extreme sports. And in the 90s, it was roughly the beginnings of hip hop. The 90s hip hop scene from what I can tell, at least from when I talk to people who are hip hop enthusiasts, they remember that time fondly for, for myself, for suburbanites, it was the college punk rock scene, the indie rock scene was all big. And in the 90s, the LA sort of hair metal thing had given way to grunge in the, the next wave. And a lot of that, a lot of that transition was manufactured by the larger corporations who were shifting the culture at that time. But for myself, it was, it was the loud rock hair metal stuff. And then the punk box stuff kind of took over momentum culturally. It was the soundtrack to extreme sports and with extreme sports, snowboarding, skateboarding, BMX, rollerblading, everything took off at that point. So with Steven, we had a great conversation about that. Now, before I get into the top five reasons why you should be looking for opportunities for flow state. The other interesting part about this is a lot of the children that grew up in the 80s, had heroes that were rooted in mainstream culture. That was the beginning of extreme sports. And most notably was Evil Caneval. Now, I don't know about you guys, but if you are Evil Caneval fans or remember being a kid and playing with Evil Caneval toys, you can let me know in the comments. You see, I was born in 73. Had I been just a little bit older, I would have been more of a 70s baby. But my childhood sort of ties in with the late 70s stuff, Star Wars, Evil Caneval. There was a lot of that. And then mishmashing into the 80s of the things that were going on there. There was shows like That's Incredible, Real People, followed by television shows like The Fall Guy or The Dukes of Hazard. And Evil Caneval as a kid, there was nothing that you wouldn't like about that guy. He's in a superhero outfit. I'm talking 1970s jump suit with rhinestones and a cape and a cane. I mean, straight out of a Marvel superhero movie. And the guy's stunts, you're now dealing with motorcycles. And a lot of his stunts were replicated at a lot of the suburban fairs. So demolition derbies, motorcycle jumps. And all of his, he became a mainstream cultural phenomenon and attraction. And for young kids like myself during that time, we idolized Evil Caneval. We've learned later much of his flaws, but those flaws and those excesses that come with celebrity are incredibly difficult to escape. So I'm not going to fault anybody for falling into those traps. But what I want to talk about is how people like Evil Caneval, and he was probably the most famous, there was television shows that were spawned, spin-offs off of that legend. Yeah, Jaren says, Miss Those Days definitely some of the raddest rock music back then. Absolutely.  What do you think is going to come out of that sort of play? Well, if you have a bicycle, you're going to be jumping trash cans in the street. If you have a skateboard, then you're going to be building ramps in your yard or in the street. And so I was telling Stephen that it was, Evil Caneval's impact and legend, I think only expedited extreme sports because a lot of those kids, when I look at the idols that I grew up in extreme sports, Paul Peralta, Tony Alva, the protogenitors of skateboarding, they were huge fans of Evil Caneval. Evil Caneval was the first rock star who played in the realm of party in and excesses that rock stars did who came from left field. And so for the early skateboarders and BMXers, with Travis Pastrana be one of those BMX guys, these are some of the bike guys that I know, they had an affection and a love and a celebration of Evil Caneval that they had brought into their own lives. So then skateboarding, snowboarding, BMXing became a tribute to that idea. And those sports were blasted off into the mainstream given a name as extreme sports, but they sort of had their roots in with Evil Caneval. Now I had put together some notable daredevils who followed their passions of being in flow state and there's nothing better than being in flow state in front of an audience. Some of you introverts might think that is a weird thing, but this is for myself. This is why I had been attracted to extreme sports. Certainly skateboarding was something that you can do by yourself. It was even better when you had friends around you to all push each other. But there was a correlation between extreme sports and music. The punk rock metal became the soundtrack to extreme sports and they went hand in hand. A lot of young kids would go out skateboarding or BMXing all day long only to come home in the evening and rehearse with their bands and then go to the show that night. I mean, that was what life was for us in the 90s. It involved all three of those pastimes and all three of those pastimes have the ability to tap into flow state, have the ability to enlighten your life, to give you something to chase that made you feel good that was much healthier than the other after-school activities you might get into with your friends if you guys were bored. If you know what I mean. I mean, it's not like you're eating the parents' liquor cabinet and the rest that comes with that. Extreme sports, punk rock music, that gave us an opportunity to stay away from chasing the artificial mood enhancers. But that's what it is. So I brought this article. Let's see if I can find it. Six of the greatest daredevils throughout history. And here's some names that you guys might remember. But there were some interesting ones here too. I think the first one that probably the most famous is Harry Houdini, the escape artist. Imagine that making a name for yourself and putting yourself in difficult situations that if you don't escape, there's a possibility of certain death. In fact, I believe he had died on one of his attempts. There's a Jackie Chan. Think about Jackie Chan. Think about what he had turned into a flow state. Self-defense, stunts, martial arts. Think about all the other extreme sports artists that had taken traditional sports into an extreme. I would say people like Lance Armstrong or Michael Phelps. Think about with our athletes today, maybe LeBron James and some of the more... thinking of some of the more athletic guys who play football and basketball. Think about what their abilities are today comparatively to just a few decades ago. On this list, it has Gertrude Eldier, who was a swimming sensation, swimming the English Channel. There was a lot of this sort of stuff. All right, so I'm going to go ahead and get into the quick little lesson. Five reasons why you should get into and follow opportunities to go into flow state. And I'll end it there. Now, if you guys have any questions, you have any comments, feel free to leave them in. Feel free to drop a comment. I'll answer them as well. I'll get that out. But you can catch me every Tuesday at 8.30. I'm going to do a recap of the podcast, give a story and a quick chat on a point. And then that's it. I'm going to see how that goes. If you guys enjoyed, if you guys are watching, maybe I'll do more during the week, but I appreciate a few of you who popped in today. Thank you very much. All right now. So five reasons why you should look for opportunities to get into flow state. The release of the good chemicals, dopamine, adrenaline firing you up. This is an opportunity to reboot. Anytime that you are using your body, you are moving around. You are giving yourself a chance to feel good to force the good chemicals to force out the bad chemicals. Very important number two, you're experiencing an out of body experience. So when you're in flow state, everything else disappears. You have brought your focus. You have narrowed it till there is not anything else in the world that enters your thoughts. You almost transcend the feeling when you've eliminated all other thoughts and you've put all focus into the activity that you're doing. The total experience of that could feel as if you're having an out of body experience that you are transcending being a mortal person. You're not a person anymore. I don't know what you have transcended to. I can only speak to my experiences and I've got to feel that playing live. I think that is why so many young people chase playing music. When you're on stage and you have full competency and mastery over what it is that you are performing and you transcend in a banned context, it is not just you who's having this transcended experience.  There is no other feeling quite like that. It is the dopamine that gets pushed off is something that people will chase for the rest of their lives. Here I am at 47 years old. The first time in my life that I haven't been in a band since I've been 15 due to the move to Las Vegas but also the pandemic that is going on. It's making it very difficult for having a very active social life which you would need to put a band together. But at 47 I still look for those opportunities and hope that there will be some opportunities left for me to continue playing. And for everyone who has asked me in my life why I still play music up until the last year I've told them the same thing that there is going to be a time in my life where I'm unable to perform at the level that I am able to do today. And there will also be a point in my life where people won't feel compelled to come see me play. And I want to maximize my opportunities to experience that because at some point that's going to be taken away from me due to father time. And so therefore I want to maximize that. I think to me there is nothing greater in the human experience than that. Number three self-expression in its purest form here's what I mean by that when you have other people's thoughts in your mind it makes it difficult to detach from any sort of influence to express yourself. So when you're in flow state anyone around you disappears their thoughts about you disappear their attention approval and acceptance that goes to you or lack thereof doesn't exist. And for being human beings we're in a constant state of dealing with other people's attention approval and acceptance and however best we can deal with that because in our own makeup we are herd animals and attention approval and acceptance are the very values that allow us to feel safe within the herd it allows us to understand that we have a place when you're in flow state that transcended a natural state of being a human being so you are in the purest form of self-expression of who you are with no other influence attached that is a very powerful that's a very powerful thing that is why the best art the best writing the best painting music has been made through pure expression not made to sell that has been made with influence but when it is a creation of nothing that you've put together because it is an expression of how you feel or what you're seeing in the moment that is self-expression in its purest form part four the act of play the act of play where you're learning where you're enjoying yourself in the moment there's no time has been taken from you there is no time it's just your focus on trying to get to mastery with whatever it is that you're doing the frustration involved but the frustration is worth the mastery that comes to the other side that's the play aspect you're willing to do the hard things in order to master whatever it is that you have your attention on and number five number five is a a celebration in the mastery to be able to detach from all influence to detach from time to revel in the mastery that you have allowed yourself to build that's my top five to recap number one the releasing of the dopamine the adrenaline to reboot yourself to have an out of body experience to transcend the human experience number three self-expression in its purest form number four the activity of play and lastly a celebration in the mastery that you have taken so much time and effort to acquire there's my top five of why you should look for opportunities of flow state guys oh there's a few more people who have joined on thank you very much I appreciate it I'm going to hang out for just a couple more minutes I appreciate it I will be live every week thank you so much for joining us today and you enjoyed our stories today give me a thumbs up it helps others find the show if you're just finding us make sure you subscribe and hit the notification bell so you know when I go live every week 8 30 I'll be going live we're going to be adding so much new content to this channel this year this is also one of the reasons why I'm going live today I'm going to be uploading a new video of it so we're really going to be boosting this channel with content I hope you guys enjoy if you have any questions or comments put them put them in the comments there in the live chat and I'll try to answer them and I appreciate you guys for popping in as for my final thoughts on flow state make sure you check out the full interview and drop it it's in iTunes right now but as always we'll be dropping this week's episode in the YouTube channel on Thursday there'll be some clips dropping as well I can't you know it's funny and speaking with Stephen in flow state as I mentioned it brought up so much nostalgia for my childhood Stephen and I are roughly the same age but think about everything I learned into extreme sports because we had the leisure time in life at this point where we're able to devote it to complete mastery even today when I look at skateboarding and it's funny my Instagram is full of skateboarding channels just because I still marvel at what the kids are capable of today comparatively at my expense in the 90s and I remember the skateboarding of the 80s that I was a part of what it transitioned to extreme mastery in the 90s to where no holds were barred Tony Hawk at that point took skateboarding to a place where he was doing 900s on vert I had just saw on a mega ramp we didn't even have that back then on a mega ramp this year that a young guy did a 1200 unbelievable I don't even know what stance they used they're using fakie and switch and they're so is it I'm going to try to use the word and I pronounce it correctly ambidextrous it is mind blowing I remember back when we were skateboarding you would always learn the trick and regular stance and then you would try it and goofy and switch and fakie well I could tell you China bull Chinese we have had this channel for over a decade and this is the first time that I had went live in a very long time so you know I couldn't I couldn't tell you my friend in fact if you look at our channel and you look at the views we have some videos that have hundreds of thousands of views and other videos that have a few hundred but as I had mentioned earlier this is the year that we're going to be putting a lot of attention and effort towards the channel so I thank you for tuning in and checking out and I hope you enjoy what I had to say today alright guys well it is nine o'clock I have many things to do today including putting together some work for this channel so as I mentioned I will be here every Tuesday at 8 30 if you enjoy what I had to say let me know put your notes in the comment hit the notification bell all that great stuff and I will see you guys later cheers


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards and I am ripping one box of 2021 panini obsidian soccer for Sam S. So good luck, Sam. See what we got here Geez That sounds brutal JB Bulls all day Good one loafie Haven't heard that one yet. All right, see what we got here. What's that way? We've got Mathias Ginzer to 30 on the purple base Nice one there Nice card. We've got pats and DACA on the equinox That is 29 of 60 for Leicester city or Leicester city Cool one there We've got Michael Elise for crystal palace on the base to 105 Cool one there. They've got nice jerseys at crystal palace. I like those We've got to 149 for Croatia Dajon Lavren on the trifecta material Cool little patch design on the bottom two patches. That's cool Was it really perfect pronunciation on that? Mathias Ginzer Okay, I'm oh this is gonna be a hard one I'm already not looking forward to this one. Help me out on this one simpleton Uh, we've got for belgium on the eruption jersey. We've got Yuri or Yuri Telemans Telemann that's pretty cool right there. What's that number two? That is 46 of 75 It's cool. We've got redemption. This is lightning strike auto card number 31 of Jean-Lucas Buccio Oh, no What happened to that? Oh, this is brutal. I feel so bad.  I mean that was done Well before It was open.  That's brutal That's that's kind of uh, that's brutal lula We'll send you an extra empty box with that. Hopefully Penini will replace that for you because like I said, that's 14 of 25 on the politic That's that's just that's terrible. That's really terrible Got damage on the side there too that corner is just Beat the heck though All right, sam Congrats on all the hits on that one.