Hi everybody, my name is Boris. I'm a second year physician-assistant student and this is my weekly pre-PA Q&A So when I do these weekly Q&A's what I basically do is I just read questions that people email me about applying to PA school About getting into PA school about doing well while you're in PA school and just general questions like that So today I have two questions for you one's really quick pretty easy and one is about two to three questions It's kind of a conversation thread that I had with this person And so I'm going to go over all of that with you and the reason I'm doing this is because the people that are asking the questions Are obviously getting the value of my answer and what I'm doing is I'm picking out some of the questions That I think everybody could really benefit from the answer that I gave the person and again This is just my opinion. I'm not an admissions counselor. I'm just a second year physician-assistant student But it took me a long time to get into PA school and I had to do a lot of learning and a lot of work to get there So I think I know what I'm talking about and I'm really happy to share my opinion if it helps anybody out So anyway without further ado, let's get into this first question Okay, so the person writes good afternoon boris. I hope this email finds you well doing great I watched your video about getting into PA school with a low GPA and have a couple of questions I'm in the middle of my application cycle right now, and I'm still waiting to hear back from four of the schools I applied to Are there ways I can make myself stand out in the middle of a cycle? Please advise. Thank you for your time So here's what I wrote to this person and I'm just going to comment on that as well So I said if you already submitted your application, then there isn't really anything you can do at this point If you are rejected from a school, you should call their admissions office and set up an application review as soon as possible And during that review an admissions counselor will sit down with you over the phone or over zoom or I guess pre-covid time They'd sit down with you in person And then they just go over your application You know piece by piece step by step and give you tips on improving your chances for next year But again, if you have not heard back you have not been rejected. You have not received an interview invite You really should not reach out to any programs So the reason I'm saying this is because I can't think of anything that would really benefit you By reaching out to the program before they make any kind of decision on you I don't really know what you would hope to gain from doing that Would it be so that they don't forget about you and so that maybe you have a better shot I don't really think so They get so many applications and if you keep just annoying them about random stuff that doesn't really pertain to anything They might just kind of get annoyed with you But again, I'm not on admissions board. This is just me speculating The reason I'm saying this is I really can't think of anything You're going to gain by reaching out to a program before they made any kind of decision on you The only reason I could really think of to do that is if maybe you had some outstanding classes And you were able to apply but you had to get your grades in By a certain date you have to reach out to them with your transcript and say hey I finished my classes, you know, please put this in my application Or maybe if you got like a lot more patient care hours and you want to include those in your application before it's considered Maybe something like that. I could see being beneficial But if you're just reaching out to them to try to as this person said make yourself stand out No, I think honestly, it's going to be a net loss instead of a net benefit to do that for any reason Except for those two reasons I just mentioned Okay, so moving on This person writes. Hi Boris. I recently found your youtube channel and I appreciate all the tips you have to offer Always happy to help I was wondering if you could offer any advice to me. I'm currently feeling so lost and just brace yourself This is kind of a long question. So Stay with me here I just graduated from the university of With my degree in biology my cumulative gpa is 3.33 and I believe my science gpa is about a 3.18 I do realize that these stats are fairly low and below average frowny face But my last 60 credits on the other hand are a 3.8 or higher With that being said, I'm planning to take as many years off as I need to in order to become a better applicant and gain patient care experience I keep going back and forth between the two options. First, I'm thinking of going to a community college Earning my associate's degree in nursing and working as a nurse for one to two years before applying My second idea was enrolling in a medical assistant program once finished That's like a training course to become a certified medical assistant a cma Um and begin working as a cma for several years Because of my lower grades. I thought nursing would help me be a stronger applicant However, I'm not sure what the best move would be considering my pa school pre-rex might expire by the time I'm ready to apply Um, I don't think so. I think it's 10 years Uh, they let your classes be about 10 years old pre-rex may be five years I'm not certain I'd have to look that up and I think every school might be different But it's between five and 10 years. So it wouldn't be very likely that your pre-rex would expire But anyway, so this person says Considering my pre-rex might expire by the time I'm ready to apply. What do you think? Do you have any advice on how I can become a better applicant? Thank you so much for your time and guidance Okay, so a multi-part question and like I said, this is kind of an email thread So I'm going to read you my first response. I said first off. I want to thank you for supporting my channel I'm really glad that the information is helping people. That's the whole reason I'm doing this Um, but based on what you told me your grades do meet the minimum to apply to most programs Uh, most programs that I've seen are about a 3.0 minimum Some of the very competitive programs are like a 3.2 minimum, you know for cumulative and science GPAs But most are around that 3.0 range and some are even like 2.75 So a 3.18, which is basically a 3.2 science and a 3.3 cumulative is enough to apply It might be below average for people who actually are competitive and get in But it is enough to get your foot in the door, you know, and this isn't what I wrote This is just what I'm telling you. So anyway, I'm going to get back to this I said your grades do meet the minimum to apply to most programs So as long as you have the necessary prerequisite courses and have A's and B's in most of those courses I think most schools say it has to be a C or better or a B minus or better for the actual prereqs I'm saying A's or B's are probably best So I'm saying as long as you have A's or B's in most of those courses You're not doing too bad on the GPA side of thing You said that you were deciding between an LPN program, a licensed practical nurse Or a CMA program, a certified medical assistant to get your PCE hours And I asked does that mean you don't have any hours right now? And I went further to say LPN and CMA are both excellent ways to get your PCE hours as long as your job requires more patient care than paperwork Like I said in my interview with the dean of admissions that you can see right up here We're up here What I what we basically told you was Just because your title is medical assistant It doesn't mean you're getting patient care hours You might be doing a lot of paperwork a lot of medical assistants do like billing and all kinds of paperwork And they're not actually getting hands-on with the patient So it's very important that your job involves lots of hands-on patient care So anyway, as long as your job involves hands-on patient care If you're comfortable getting more schooling I think that an accelerated BSN a bachelor of science in nursing program might be something to consider as well There are BSN programs for non nurses Meaning if you have a bachelor's degree in something other than nursing You can obtain a bachelor's of science in nursing in a program between 18 or sorry between 12 and 18 months And then you come out with a BSN making much more money than a cna or an lpn It's all undergraduate coursework also So if you really buckle down and do well you can improve your cumulative and science GPAs because in the accelerated BSN You're taking undergraduate coursework Graduate coursework is counted separately in CASPA. It doesn't boost your your undergraduate GPA But an accelerated BSN is undergraduate coursework. So it does boost your undergraduate GPA So anyway, and you also get lots of hands-on patient care experience during your nursing training Which is true. You'll get hundreds of hours during that program So it's not exactly like a stepping stone to PA school But long term you can maybe see it that way or maybe you'll fall in love with nursing Either way, it's a great option. So you get your grades up assuming you do very well You get patient care experience during that 12 to 18 months And you come out with a BSN making a lot more money getting great experience and nursing is an awesome job and there's a lot you can do so I guess maybe i'm kind of biased But I feel like I always advocate for these accelerated BSNs If you're looking to get your grades up if you're looking for kind of a backup plan things like that So anyway, it's just what I would have done. It's what I was planning on doing if I didn't get into PA school So anyway, and I said then you work as a bachelor's train nurse making good money and getting amazing experience And you can apply to PA school, but also you'll be eligible for NP programs nurse practitioner And of course This is a kind of a big caveat 12 to 18 months in college isn't cheap And I completely understand if you'd rather just do a certified medical assistant or even an lpn program Because that will be cheaper for you if you want to improve your gpa and get ours. I hope this helps So the person wrote back And they said thank you so much for the response. I really appreciated but yes, that is correct I have no patient care experience whatsoever Um, I added to whatsoever Currently I have a few hundred volunteer hours, but that's it after reading your reply The accelerated nursing program sounds great because I'd be killing two birds with one stone That is getting hours and improving my gpa at the same time But like you said the financial part of it does seem to be holding me back I'm already quite a bit in debt from undergrad. Yeah, that's it's crazy how much debt people are coming out with nowadays I went to college like 10 years ago and I graduated with 40 000 dollars in student loan debt And basically had no life while I was in the navy trying to pay that off and I paid most of it off But some people are coming out now with like a hundred close to 200 grand just from undergrad That's crazy So I could see why that would really weigh on your decision of what you would do like this person But anyway, so this person said I'd be killing two birds with one stone But I'm already in quite a bit of debt from undergrad And then this person kind of asked another question and says when you say strategically take classes to improve my gpa What do you mean by that? How many classes would you recommend that I take? Can this be done at a community college? Thank you so much. You're really helping me make some important decisions okay So this goes back to a topic again that I discussed in that interview with the dean of admissions that I did a few months ago but basically Basically what we wanted to say is that not every applicant is the same You have to really decide what's best for you And what you should really do is sit down with an admissions counselor to decide what you should do You shouldn't just do a post back. You shouldn't just do an accelerated bsn Or whatever and just blindly take classes You should really be strategic in the classes that you do take because they do cost a lot of money And it's uh, and it's a risk if you don't do well, then that's not going to get you close for tpa school so anyway What we meant was you really should be strategic about the classes you take I really can't recommend which ones you should take or how many you should take Or anything like that because it's all very very individual So what I said was I'm very glad to help You can take some courses online or at a community college, but it's best to keep it to one to two courses So this is something that I've gotten from several admissions counselor I've spoken with this is not a hard and fast rule You could probably take more classes at a community college But at least what I've heard my personal experience. They say yes Some community college or even online courses are okay, especially now in the time of covid But you do want to limit that and try to do most of your undergraduate coursework And especially your prerequisites for pa school at a you know brick and mortar four-year institution But like I said in the age of covid a lot of stuff is online So maybe it'll be okay to do it online But still a four-year college rather than a community college is best just based on the things that I've heard personally So what I said was you want to take most of your courses from an undergraduate Or you want to take most of your courses from a four-year college or university I can't speak to how many courses you should take or which ones But it would be best to speak with a good academic advisor To do the math and see how you can improve your gpa the most efficiently while getting your pre-rex So yeah, I I really can't say a one-size-fits-all for most people You really need to sit down with an admissions counselor from that school or better yet if possible From a pa school so they can tell you exactly what you would need to take And what you would need to do in order to have the best shot of getting accepted So I always advocate reach out to the programs you want to apply to Sit down with their admissions folks and work on a strategy with them And they'll help you get into pa school You'll have to put in the work and the time and the money But they'll help you as long as you do the work They'll give you the best shot that's possible So that's what I'm talking about here So I said the accelerated bsn is definitely more expensive and the program is really demanding So getting good grades will not be easy, but you're absolutely right It will kill two birds with one stone And assuming you do well and graduate I personally think the salary that you would make as a bachelor's trained nurse a bsn Compared to a cna or a cma or even an lpn would be worth it Not to mention how much higher quality your patient care experience would be As a nurse as a bachelor trained nurse than as a medical assistant or an lpn or a cna or You know a lot of the other kinds of pce that most people apply with A nurse definitely has a much much higher caliber of patient care experience So you'd have that working for you as well And like I mentioned previously you could apply to np programs too, which is also really good And so I said I guess what I'm trying to say is if you're ready to invest a whole year or two Into taking classes and working as a cma or a cna Then it might make sense to invest in your future and start a career That's more rewarding and pays much more which would be a bsn Of course, I don't know your situation And I'm just speaking based on the few things that you did tell me and my own personal experience So the choice is ultimately yours and I'm just giving you the information that I can based on what I do know And please don't take out any more loans than you feel comfortable with and only do what is best for you I can't say this enough All the advice I give is case by case basis and only based on my own personal experience And what I know about the person whose questions i'm answering It is not meant to be a blanket statement and it's not me telling you to do anything specific It's just me giving you information and my opinion and you do with it what you may Okay, this is not professional advice. This is just my opinion And just one other thing from my answer in there that I'd really like to discuss Is I said assuming that you do well in the program and graduate That will not be easy. So this is one of those things that I feel like I never have to say But it's very important. So I'm going to say it All these things that I'm telling people to do maybe do a post-bac maybe do an accelerated bsn Maybe go back and take classes All of that is only worth it and will only help you get into pa school If you do very well in your classes and I'm talking like A 4o or close to a 4o mostly a's If for instance your gpa is like a 3.0 or a 3.1 and you go back and you try to improve it and you get like a 3.2 or 3.3 That's not going to do much for you You may as well have not done that unless you really needed the pre-rex The only way that will say anything positive about you as an applicant is if you do exceedingly well Much better than you did in undergrad then you can kind of prove to the admissions committee I improved my ways. I really started taking things seriously I learned about myself as a student and how I learn now I'm ready for pa school and before that I wasn't So I really just want to get that out there and also things like this bsn. They're not easy It's not the easy way out and it's not necessarily just a stepping stone to pa school It's a career and it's a very difficult thing to do and they're very competitive as well So you really have to have interest in nursing and really see yourself as a nurse For at least a year maybe two years or maybe even the rest of your life have that possibility open So it's not a stepping stone. Just like pa school is not a stepping stone to medical school A bsn is not a stepping stone to pa school You might have dreams down the line of being an npa or pa, but if pa is your goal These accelerated bsn programs are not necessarily your best option because you really do have to want to be a nurse In order to put in the amount of time and effort that it takes to get through these programs So I know I always advocate for them, but I don't advocate for them as a stepping stone I advocate for them as a possible alternative to pa school and maybe pa down the line or np down the line But it's only if you really want to be a nurse As well So I really just wanted to get that out there and also any kind of high level medical training program like a bsn A pa an md all of them are very difficult to get through and you won't get through them If you don't actually want to practice as a bsn as a pa or an md You have to really really want to do that in order to meet the rigorous demands of those programs because they're just so difficult So anyway, I'm not going to beat a dead horse But I really did just want to get that out there because a lot of people say why do you always advocate for these bsn programs? And I advocate for them because I think they're a great idea It's what I would have personally done if pa school just wasn't an option at least not at the time But I really have to preface it with it's really difficult. They are expensive They are time consuming and you really do have to want to be a nurse in order to go into one And be motivated enough to finish it. Okay. I think that's enough So anyway, so this person's last response is you make some excellent points I do hear that it's hard to get accepted into these accelerated bachelors of science nursing programs Especially in my state and to be honest I'm afraid that if I don't do well in the bsn program It will set me back even further because my cumulative gpa is already a 3.3 So if the person got like a 2.7 a 2.5 whatever in the bsn That might take their cumulative undergraduate gpa closer to a 3.0 or even below a 3.0 Which is not somewhere you want to be so The person says I will definitely think on these things though I'm a true believer that if something is meant to be it will be I am too absolutely And I just pray that I can get my goals one day whether my path is to first be a nurse or a cma I just want to be a pa. Thank you very much for your time I wish you all the best as you continue on your own path to becoming a pa You'll be a great one. Well hopefully I still have almost a year left in my second year of pa school. I'm on my second rotation. So Baby steps And yeah, I totally agree with you if something is meant to be it will be If you really think it's your destiny to be a pa you will find a way to do it It might take you a year It might take you three years You will find a way if it's your destiny to be a nurse You'll get there and you'll find a way if it's your destiny to be a doctor or a lawyer whatever it is It's your destiny. I know you'll find a way And the funny thing about life is once you start really focusing on a goal And you know you're going to get there as long as you remain open and you work hard And by work hard I mean be ready to do 60 hours a week and be happy about it You know getting into pa school and being in pa school and being a pa is not a 35 hour a week job It's a hard thing to do So it's something you have to really want to do and be committed to but anyway This funny thing about life is I feel like if you have a big dream and you're just focused on it every day Little by little baby steps Opportunities start appearing that just like make it easier for you or things that you wouldn't have seen a year ago Or two years ago and things just kind of fall into place as long as you do Keep on that grind and keep doing things every single day to reach your dreams. So anyway, that's it for the video guys I think this is longer than 10 minutes I think this is longer than 10 minutes. So I'm sorry. I always go long Maybe I'll stick to answering one question per q&a session. I don't know. We'll see also Let me know down in the comments if you want me to do these I'm planning on just doing this every week and any other kind of video that I have time to make I think that'll just be extra because I really think these are the most useful thing I can do at this time So anyway, thanks for watching. I hope you got some value out of my content I also hope that you'll press the like button Comment share this video with anyone who's trying to get into pa school. It really helps me out with the channel I really want to reach as many people as I can with this content to try to help them out I'm boris. I'm a second year pa student and I'll see you in the next


What's up everybody, Jason here for jazzy's casebrace.com. We just sold out 22-23 Ubridex Series 1 hockey hobby edition, 12 box casebrate picker teams number two. Again, we have a $500 break-credit promo if you just have to buy two or more teams. So if you buy two teams to get entered, if you only buy one team, you won't get an entry, sorry. But top five names win $100 each. Now, we slashed the last X amount of teams, last five teams 75% off, so some people got some pretty good deals. And like I said, at the end, we will randomize the names and see who gets spots for the giveaway. For the last five that bought, including Steve Burch who got like the last four, got a pretty good deal. And actually the cool thing is we get to break this while we're actually watching some hockey. And I'll probably rip six boxes before I start going through the cart, so we'll do that. I will say though, I feel like the Series 1 boxes have gotten heavier. Although I think Ubridex listened and made the packs a little bit easier to rip, so I do love that. Just make the breaks go by a little bit faster. But it's still a little rough, but it's not as bad as it once was. So again, I believe this is the first year of Seattle Kraken, like actual young guns. So a lot of these actually have been selling pretty well from $50 to like a hundred plus. So, you know, if you get a couple of them depending on the player, you know, top draft picks kind of deal, then you actually do pretty good on the Kraken. That's where they're expensive. I personally, honestly, don't really know too much about this class. I'm still like wanting to like see more 2021, 22 products, which we're not even like halfway through those products. We haven't even gotten 2021, sorry. Kapaki yet, you know, so. It's cool that they're already starting to do Series 1, but they need to do a lot of catching up. So I guess I should have studied a little bit more for this one. I was just like kind of thrown off like, let's release other products. You know, damn, you haven't released yet. I think at this point, they should just combo up 2020, 2021 class with 21, 22 for Kapaki at this point. Just make it a double class like 2012, 13 NBA. Yes, but there were also packs that had so much glue at the top that it was so hard to just rip, but they've gotten a little better. And it's funny, cause it's not that many cards actually, but it's just a lot of packs. You get what, eight cards, 24 packs. It's kind of normal. And it looks like this year too, I think they kind of got rid of relics and have autographs now. Cause I did see Teddy pull some autos, which is kind of cool. I think you're right, Mike Tower. Yeah, out of this Mike Tower, okay? Usually I always need too much out for Kapaki, but like I said, I just throws me off. Like, I'm just still looking forward to a lot of Quinn Beifield Kings products from 21, 22. So, you know, Peachy Platinum supposed to be coming out soon. Kind of excited for that, if it still does release. So I'm not even, I'm not even to hear that 22, 23 yet. Yes, I do actually know that one, Matt Boldie. I remember the Kings were talking about him when they say the, the Minnesota Wild that day, last week, this past week. Thank you, Mike. Jake Christensen, Carson Meyer, Marco Ralsy, Nick Blankenberg, Jack Quinn. Is that one of the Quinn brothers? Couple savers, Kent Johnson. Is it, is it Bernier's or Bernier's? I think a lot of people don't realize these young guys do end up selling for a lot early on.  You can get it for a little bit cheaper. But obviously if you can grade these PSA 10, then that's where the valley kind of stays. And obviously this would be one of the ultimate rookie cards. If they do have a successful career, right? I mean, look at McDavid, Matthews, those guys. And then if you can get the exclusive version, even better, if you can get a high gloss.  I remember I pulled it for one of our customers back in hockey land. And it was like right at the right time too, when like Pittsburgh and Jake Gensel was just killing it in the playoffs too. It was out of a nice hockey break. I remember I pulled a high gloss Jake Gensel. That was crazy. One more box and then we'll continue on. Which should help speed up the break a little bit. I might be able to get this done in an hour, but I feel like since this is like late at night already, last break I might be a little slower. We'll see how we do here. Right now I'm at the 15 minute mark. So I assume if I take me another 15 minutes to go through these five, six boxes and then maybe 15, 20 minutes to rip. No, yeah, he was an update because honestly, I remember that your upper deck was rushing it. Jake Gensel was like the best rookie that year, even though they didn't create any cards for him. So he was definitely an update, but you can only get him in ice. So I mean, I guess it was a little easier to pull, but I mean, at the same time, at that time they didn't make any Jake Gensel cards. I remember they even made him as a special redemption for an RPA, you know? Like they, upper deck was just trying to take advantage of the fact that he was a rookie and just having an amazing season for them that they needed to put them in. But either way, that's the only rookie, that's the only young guy that he has ever had. I don't think they made another one of him. Yeah, right. Well, I mean, young guns are made of like the thinnest stock. They're kind of just like series one baseball. So jamming those have always been a little tough, but if you could jam them, it's great, but I don't think you need to worry too much. All right, there we go. Six boxes. So I'm gonna kind of speed through this a little bit, guys, but if I miss anything, just let me know. Jack McBain, young guns. You should get about six young guns per box on average.  Dazzlers, Kerfoot. Oh yeah, it was Heather. Good to remember her the name, yeah. I think she was in Pittsburgh too. Pistellic. I don't know what ever happened to her though. I don't think I've ever heard from her since hockey, man. UD Canvas. Yeah, I think she was from Pittsburgh. Also two guys, Ezopichi checklist or series one checklist. There'll be multiple, we'll just distribute those evenly. Unless there's a number to one, then we'll randomize it, but most likely everybody should get a couple. UD Canvas, Jason Robertson. Matias, Macelli. UD Canvas, young guns. Trey, Fix, Walski. Nathan Smith for the Yokes. Blankenburg, so there you go. That's one of the bigger young guns, right? And that's actually a French young gun, right there actually, even better. There you go. Did I pass one? Three, four, pulled five already. Let me see. Maybe I did. Nocades. Is this box gonna have seven then? That's already six young guns right there. UD Canvas, St. Gossis Bear. There was no one there. So this one had seven then. Good eye, Mike. Good eye. So usually you're supposed to get six. Got a French. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. You even got a young guns UD Canvas. So even eight young guns in this box. Brayden, Tracy. Dazzlers, Jake Odinger. UD Canvas, Cole Stullinger. Vladislav, young guns there for the Yotes. Kaden, Corsac. Blanken making it a little interesting. You just scored. UD Canvas, Dylan Kozens. Matt Duchain. Ben Myers, I know, right? We should keep one of those young guns. You guys can't be getting extra stuff. UD Canvas, Nathan Smith. Kent Johnson. Blanken, why UD Canvas, Tomas Hurdle. Jordan Harris. Two boxes down. Let's go to the next four. Bobby Brink. UD Canvas there of Brandon Saad. Is he still around, actually? Jacob Mulvur. Trying to think I've heard too much about him. He must have been just recently dropped, maybe? No, he's like 1998. He played 19 games of the Kings. There's no way. I don't even remember that, honestly. UD Canvas, Michael Gronlin. There's Matt Boldy. Whoa, and Jake Christensen, little acetate young gun. Which is pretty nice. Columbus Blue Jackets, that's going to Steve Burch as well. Good box. Trayfix Wolensky. Seth Jarvis. Hayden Hogstam. Dazzlers, because the manager had Jake Christensen. UD Canvas, Alex I have follow, sorry. I wonder if these Dazzlers actually sell well. I assume they do. Especially if it's one of those newer rookies. All right, we're halfway through the first six. Calgrim, young guns there for the Leafs. Frederick Anderson. Gullis. Linus Sandin. Owen Power. UD Canvas, black and white, Connor McDavid. Pashaw. Chase Pearson. Quinn Hughes. And Jack Lafontaine. Two more boxes, then we'll rip the next six. Carson Meyer. And then there's our first exclusives to 100. Barack Nelson. Vic Jarvis and Dazzlers. Frederick Carlstrom. That's for the Dallas Stars. Josh Bailey. That is for the Islanders. Dylan Sandberg. For the Winnipeg Jets. Jets, Jets, Jets. Now let's put this over here. Isaac Ratcliffe. Tom Wilson. Nathan McKinnon. And there's Matt Berniers. Berniers. Seattle Kraken. Steve Birch. JT Miller Freestyles. This is actually a really cool insert. And we've got a Clearcut Foundation. Zach Hyman and Ryan Nugent Hopkins. The Nuge. Samuel Faglone. I remember him, actually. Eddie Cavister of Michael Bunting. All righty. Last box here, then we'll go with the next six. Matt Duchain looks like his number to 250. Colin Petour. Jeff Malott. Pawe Bushnevich. Braden Schneider. Adam Rasker. Canvas there with Elvis Merz Lincoln. Jordan Spence. Nick Suzuki Canvas. Mark McLaughlin. Here's an acetate of Sonny Milano. And there's a Young Guns Checklist there of Matt Boldy and Mark O'Rosie. So actually, I'm going to stay with Minnesota. I don't have to randomize those. Phillip Dino. Canvas for my Kings. There's the first six. Next six, guys. Is it Chua tomorrow? Who's school playing? Chua is home against Cleveland. OK. I think he's home against Cleveland. I know it's Cleveland. I don't know if they're in Cleveland or in Miami. And Fields is home against Detroit. Mm, that's not for you to give me. I've got to go for the higher ceiling, because. Well, the Bears can put up a lot of points, but they're going to give up a lot of points. The Dolphins should win, right? I don't see Cleveland as a team. You don't get into a shootout with Cleveland, do you? You don't. But I think Miami should be able to beat them, though. But like a Lions team, that game could be a shootout together, you know? Yeah. And I've got to, I need the higher ceiling, because I'm projected to lose pretty big. Really? So who are you playing this team? I'm not talking about Jaspi. It's not only. Yeah, I'd probably go for Fields, to be honest. I think that one might be more of a shootout. Like his projection is lower, but I think. No, he should do better. There's no injuries on their offense, right? I mean, he should be fine, then. I'd probably go for Fields. Like you said, I don't know if you see Cleveland. Yeah, you just had such a monster week last week. Yeah. Nicholas, on your bench. Evan Bouchard. Oh, wait, I'm going through this already, and I only ripped two boxes.  All right, let me finish going through this one box, and then I guess I'll rip the rest of them. Uh, well, Thierry. Pustamen? Pustamen? Troy Terry, UD Canvas, a little by-field. We got Mads, Salt Guard. UD Canvas, Matt Boldy, Young Guns. That's nice. And Marco Rossi. Nice, a little Stuart Skinner, that's a acetate. Clear cut. Alex Vlasik, Jordan Cairo. All right, let me go through the boxes. I think they're cutting through me off. I'll see when this happens. All right, just going to rip two more boxes, guys, and then we can go through the last five boxes. Last box here to rip, and then we'll go through the five boxes. Interesting, man. All right, guys, here we go. La Farnier, Lucas Rischel, and that is the French Young Gun, Chase Pearson, Young Gun, Canvas Charlie Coyle. I don't know why I get the feeling Detroit's gonna tire right now Linus Sandin UD canvas young as Ken Johnson UD canvas Andreas Johnson left theory for the penguins Dazzlers Matthews Trayfix Walensky Yorkstern Maddie at 30 seconds left Zach Hayes That's over Dazzers Brock Nelson and Frederick Carlstrom No Cates Andre Vasilevsky Ladislav Moritz Seder Macelli Jack Quinn Evgeny Kuznetsov Jacob Markstrom Thomas Bordeaux Borochek Blankenburg Jonathan Kovacovic Oliver Eggman-Larsen Lucas Rochelle Lucas Raymond Kochikov Young guns there for the Carolina Hurricanes I guess I could have a UD canvas young guns coming up and it is Jacob Gallagas Alright two more boxes guys, here we go Bobby Brink UD canvas Young guns black and whites Valtieri Pustinen That's for the penguins Dylan Samberg Patrick Kane UD canvas Drake Batherson Hayden Hawkson Young guns canvas of Lucas Rochelle Jeremy Swamin Jack McBean Dazzlers Alex Killerin and Ben Myers Alright so last stack right here then we got one more box Kayden Corsak Mills Hoglander Alright one more box guys Alright so last box here guys and then we'll do the giveaway Here we go Jacob Perot Here look Duvall Mark Kastelik UD canvas Carter Rahage Nice Matt Boldy there Melissa DeWall Steve Burch We got Pitlick Madd Solgard Thatcher Demko Nick Blinkenberg So we're going there for the Columbus Bluejack It's Steve Burch UD canvas Kyle Conner Samuel Fagmo Canvas Abenajad And there you go folks, boom So again we got a lot of young guns A lot of dupes but you know Blankenberg bigger one Boldy Berniers There's a Boldy there Berniers Johnson Boldy And a lot more over here of course too Just leave out the top load All the canvases, all the young guns So got six on average in 12 boxes Over 72 young guns So let's switch genes now guys And let's see who gets those Two spots or gets the spots In the giveaway so remember five winners Top five get a hundred dollars And again all you have to do is buy two or more So Kev got two That's an entry Patrick Cox got Twenty so that's ten entries Scott Q Scott Wilcox just won Steve Burch was six So that's three entries And Zachary with two That's an entry as well Again top five get a hundred dollars each Dice roll Six out of four ten times One Two, three Four, five Four, six, seven Eight, nine Ten Boom Six, four, ten Patrick, Steve, Patrick, Patrick And Zachary so there you go Patrick I'll send you one code of 300 and Steve Burch 100 Zachary 100 so there you go top five Get a hundred dollars each So I appreciate it folks JaspysCaseRace.com guys thanks


This video is produced with support from the Government of Canada's Social Development Partnerships Program Disability Component. The opinions and interpretations in this video are those of the creator, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada. Welcome to a Crash Course in Nells. This series is designed to give you the tools you need to produce accessible e-books, making them even more enjoyable for all readers. My name is Danny. I'm an accessibility tester with the National Network for Equitable Library Service. I was born blind, so I usually read books audibly or in braille. My name is Caden Ferris. I don't have a slight impairment, so I can read print just fine. It's just reading print and understanding print are two very different things. Throughout an e-book, it's become a common practice to reference pages on the internet. So we'll see them in the sources section if they're referencing a Wikipedia article, usually on the publication page when the publisher indicates their name. They'll have a link to their website. We might find them throughout the narrative in footnotes or for further reading sections. So they often appear in the front and back matter, but they can also appear throughout the text too. Publishers have the ability to change the default appearance of pretty much anything in their book, and that includes links. So when styling an e-book, it's a good idea to keep styling as similar to what readers are used to as possible. This can be really helpful for low vision folks who may be looking for clues from the text to determine what text is clickable. The other component of this is the caption that's applied to links. So screen readers tend to break down a page into certain elements or sections, such as headings for instance. It's going to indicate the text of that heading and then carry on to the next paragraph. And they handle links in the same way. So when a reader is looking for something to click on, the easiest way is to set their device to move by links and then scroll down to the next link. That means they're not reading the surrounding text. They're just reading the caption for that link. So a caption of here is not useful. We're looking for a caption that clearly describes where that link goes. So a link to mypublisher.com is going to be useful, but a link text of here and then the text beyond that that says to visit mypublisher.com is really poor because all the assistive technology is reading is the text caption. So we want to make sure that that caption is really clear on where that reader is going to be taken if they click on that link.


Bingo, we're back at three o'clock rock here on think tech when we're having a show called energy in America. I love that We're gonna talk about energy in America With Lou put it put your AC who was the president of Eprink and Eprink you should know was the energy Policy Research Foundation an energy policy think tank in Washington, DC We are delighted to have you on the show Lou Thank You, Jake So we're gonna call this discussion the realities of renewable energy development and try to you know Make people understand things. They may not overly understand and when we spoke before You pointed out to me that we now have a renaissance in American resources That's a game changer. Can you talk about the renaissance and how it is a game changer? Yes I would say what the first thing we understand about this is that this is quite new and What's unique about this is that historically when we went out to look for oil and gas It was found in what we call geologic traps and those traps were Collected oil and natural gas from migrations from a geologist called source rock Source rock is prolific. It's everywhere and it's everywhere. There's oil and gas production and the Renaissance in the United States and we have some slides we can get to later on this But the renaissance really is the capacity to produce from the source rock and the interesting thing There's a couple of interesting facts about this one source rock is everywhere so we're no longer reserve limited and Second the future of oil and gas prices will be determined not by the ability to find oil and gas Nobody drills a dry hole anymore. Yes, it will be determined by production costs So we have moved from the discovery the expiration process to a manufacturing process And this changes everything and has completely upended the whole notion of peak oil Well, is it now? You know I'm reminded of that movie the marathon man with Dustin Hoffman and the question that they always asked is It's safe. Is it safe? So my question to you is this is the Renaissance safe because we've you know, we've had some some pushback if you will on I think that you do hear people who are concerned of the the production from source rock generally entails drilling a long Virgo hole actually almost sometimes over 10,000 feet well and then a very long A horizontal shaft in which the production process is initiated by putting water Down through the pipe under very high pressure, but that's quite quite deep I mean most of the work by EPA and when suggest that it is quote safe it's not affecting the aquifer and Most of the problems that occur in the oil and gas development occur on the surface Someone spills water, but actually I don't think hydro when people say they're opposed to Hydraulic fracturing they don't know what it but they mean by that what they really mean is they don't like industrial development so if you go to Texas where there's a long history of oil drilling. It's not a problem When it's introduced into new areas or close to residential people don't like the noise They don't like the trucking the hauling of the water It's not the hydraulic fraction I think hydraulic fracturing the people really are opposed to it's the industrial development But if you want economic growth, you're gonna have to have industrial development You just need to do it in a sound way. Well, it sounds like what you're saying is if you have cheap energy You have a better chance at industrial development and that any organization or a society or community that has the Advantage of cheap energy is going to be economically more more prosperous Yes, and what we say is this look You can say you can go around say look, I don't want an offshore drill I don't want hydraulic fraction fraction but what you can't say is it's free to do that because there was a period of time when the world price of oil was a $100 and the actual cost of producing oil in the US was closer to 30 or 40 dollars in there That difference that difference in economic value showed up in higher corporate profits more jobs larger taxes the state and local government and Larger and more rapid economic growth in the United States. In fact, here's an interesting statistic And one of the reasons why the Obama administration never really shut down Hydraulic fraction in the first Obama term in the absence of the North American patrolling Renaissance us economic growth would have been zero instead of two percent and President Obama would not have been reelected He understood this more than his staff And so when when it came down to issue regulations and everything one of the things they wanted to make sure was they didn't kill it The next interesting thing about this development is that the North American patrolling Renaissance took place largely on private land That means all the regulations were promulgated local You did not have to get a what's called a national environmental policy act review. You did not have to do endless Interventions from different environmental groups and public interest groups. So if you look at development on federal land Actually production across federal land in this period of time say since 2006 has declined This took place on private land in which there were private mineral rights and this explains a great deal I wrote a piece in the Wall Street Journal about this in fact. So this explains a lot of what happened so let me just Go back for a minute and make sure that our listeners and viewers understand where you're coming from You're not representing oil and gas interests You are completely impartial and but and unbiased am I right? Yes, so so I should explain our funding maybe that would be helpful the energy policy research foundations been around since 1944 and we're kind of in that space which we call patrol and economics and public policy We actually get funding from the Defense Department We did a big project for them on the strategic implications of the North American patrolling Renaissance We helped the Department of Energy with their quadrennial energy review and our private sector funding is untied So our board and our chairman and I set the agenda We're heavily involved actually in fuels policy as well Well with that with that in mind. I'd like to explore with you the nature of the Renaissance The Renaissance means we found more the Renaissance means we have better technology to You know find find and use and process more What are we talking about in scope here? Is this enough to last for a thousand years? Is this enough to satisfy our needs for a substantial period? So as most economists believe that the notion of peak oil that we would run out as a kind of ridiculous Notion we ran out of whales and we started to run out of whale oil and we discovered petroleum So petroleum oil and natural gas they'll be around to something better comes along Now sometimes the government thinks it knows what's better and tries to force different alternatives and You know we have people forget in the 70s We had the sin fuels corporation and we spent billions of dollars on the sin fuels corporation But it was always five dollars more than the price of oil Never really worked out So one of the big themes in our research is what things cost and really important It's good to spend a lot of time Figuring out what stuff costs. Yeah. Well, so okay. So right now oil is still cheap and Gas is cheaper yet. So how does that comparison work going forward? Will will gas get more expensive will oil get more expensive and what happens? So that's a fundamental issue in all kinds of research is what's the long run price of oil? Yeah, what's the long run price of natural gas now in the United States? We just did a study called shale gas the road ahead and you can pull it right off our website and In it we showed it even at a very very low gas price. The US has sufficient reserves To meet all the coming demands over the next 30 40 years including LNG experts Exports actually many people might not understand we are exporting large volumes of natural gas by pipeline to Mexico Yet the price of gas has remained quite cheap Now if you're talking about moving gas from the United States to other countries There you do need to liquefy put it in a tanker and absorb those costs so but we do know that The long run price of natural gas in the US. I think you take this to the bank is going to be below four dollars a thousand So do you think it'll stay below the price of oil? Absolutely, absolutely now and the oil price may go through ups and downs I'll tell you a good story We had some of the world's best extraction technologists in a room in Houston about two years ago and What my people understand is the big oil companies have only started doing research on shale oil and gas in the last couple of years This is largely been done by independent drillers and small entrepreneurs But what's on the drawing board is incredible? the use of big data very precise location of where you place your your horizontal You know drilling in your your production facilities As I said the we are not reserve limited. Yeah, that vast reserves not just in the US Australia Argentina Russia and those those reserves actually grow with the better technology I can tell you that Hawaii at the University of Hawaii Manoa Has a very substantial Scientific effort going at the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology lots of geologists there and they're really at the cutting edge And I think you know just just talking and I do I talk to them every week I feel that the science is growing while we watch and the science affects what you're talking about In terms of identifying getting data and identifying where it is how much of it is there and how we can extract it So this is a moving. This is a moving improving area all the time Yeah, the future price of oil and gas is going to be determined by technology of extraction. Yeah, that's it So let's take a short break Lou. We take a break 15 minutes in and come back and talk about how all this affects our our Our strategies what what kind of strategies we need to formulate who will do that how they will do it And what are the goals in establishing those strategies? That's so Lou pull pull the air pull pull the RC. I knew I'd get that wrong pull the air Polarisie Polarisie of eat at brink. That's the he's the president of energy policy research Foundation Which is an energy policy think-tank in Washington. We'll be right back after this short break Yeah Thank you for watching think-tank I'm Grace Cheng the new host for global connections You can find me here live every Thursday at 1 p.m We'll be talking to people around the islands or visiting the islands who are connected in various aspects of global affairs So please tune in and aloha and thanks for watching Aloha, I'm Carl Campania host of think-tank Hawaii's movers shakers and reformers. I Hope you join us over the next several weeks as we take a deep dive into biofuels in Hawaii And explore the alternative fuels supply chain necessary for the local and global transition towards transportation fuel sustainability Join us as we have good conversations with our farmers our producers our conversion technologies our Investors and our legislators as we try to achieve our transportation sustainability goals See you soon Aloha, I'm kawaii Lucas host of Hawaii is my mainland here on think-tank Hawaii Every Friday afternoon at 3 p.m Start your powhuna weekend off with the show where I talk to people about issues pertinent to Hawaii You can see my previous shows at my blog kawaii Lucas calm and also on think-tanks show sorry We're back. We're live here on energy in America With Lou of Puglia res Puglia Risi the president of the Energy Policy Research Foundation Eprink an energy policy think-tank in Washington DC And we're talking about the realities of renewable energy Development so one of the things we should cover is what you told me before About the realities of diminishing returns because that's got to be factored in any strategy Yeah, so if you if you look at any one of the problems is the relative prices of fuels change all the time and one of the big fundamental shift that's taking place is that Fossil fuels have become a lot cheaper and they're likely to stay cheaper for a long time Just has to do with this technological breakthrough and hydraulic fracturing and the production from source rock and when that happens Sometimes governments have a target like they they want to go to a hundred percent renewables or they want to get 55 miles to the gallon and it sounds like a good idea But the real the way economists think about it and business people Well, what are you buying at the margin? How much does it cost to go from not just a to be but then finally? X to Z and that's what's one of the problems that's happening right now for example in the auto industry The average automobile in the United States is removing 99% of the criteria pollutants that it used to spew in 1963 so we're We've made a long We've made a long road and we've got a lot of success So one of the issues that comes up is okay Do you really need to go that last five yards? Is it really worth it? Maybe that those resources should be spent in terms of climate abatement or whatever you want to do in Something more useful and you can look upon this in the sort of hundred percent Target that the state of Hawaii has for renewable fuel for the power sector You know that strikes me as a very bizarre way to think about the Hawaii's role in climate and and weather and what's going to mean for the cost of electricity in Hawaii What I hear you saying is that at the end of the line when you get close to a hundred percent The cost is so great that you have to make a value judgment an economic judgment on whether it's worth taking that last whatever it is 5% and maybe sometimes you don't go to 100% right you use those resources for something out because the curve is so steep and This is particularly true if you have a model in which you say the long-run price of gas a Long-run price of oil is a lot lower than you thought it was going to be And of course in power sectors a little different than other kinds of businesses You probably do want a diversified strategy because you can't predict the cost of all fuels But and you know there's some probably very good work done at UH I think of the energy and there's an energy research group there. There's probably looked at this a bit Yeah, I haven't seen if they've done anything.  It sounds great but you have to look at the cost of the capital and The value it's providing to the customer now some cases in some islands. It makes a lot of sense But in some cases it doesn't make a lot of sense. It's too expensive. It's not yielding enough and And so these are really difficult things because the public gets really fixed on these Yes, well the public it you know, you cannot assume the public has a sophisticated understanding Even at the years of public discussion Let me let me go to one other point that you mentioned which was to me very provocative That is sometimes, you know, people get all fixated on saving the climate When they should really allocate those resources to saving themselves Because in a place like Hawaii, we can't save the whole world, right? We need to save ourselves Yeah, if you think about Hawaii, what's the main economic thrive of Hawaii? It's tourism and It's the natural beauty of Hawaii. Let's say it's the Loa spirit You could say it's just a wonderful destination and if I were a sort of government planner in Hawaii I would say gee why are we spending these enormous resources to end up with a very costly electric grid and And Because we're trying to get you know Hawaii is too small to have any effect on the world climate It will not I don't care what we do in Hawaii. It's gonna have no effect. It's just too small But we're really on the front line of climate, you know, sea level rise storms So at the margin you should be putting your money into Adaption you should be putting your money into preserving the economic base that makes Hawaii such a wonderful place to visit and for the lives of me, I don't understand this miss This imbalance in the priorities among the leadership in Hawaii Yeah, so if you know that it's going to be bad storms and I think we do know that yeah Then you you need to set aside something To deal with climate change to deal with sea level rise to deal with those storms So if I have say a billion dollars left over Then I've achieved a certain percentage of clean energy I should I should take that billion and put it into Saving our economy saving our environment in the face of those storms and climate change. Absolutely if you look at I don't recall the number I think the state of Hawaii budget ban almost two hundred million dollars in subsidies for rooftop solar I I don't know as we call it was a study. I saw a doughnut at UH Manoa, and I think You know, they had to stop issuing those subsidies. It became such a burden on the budget. Yes Those funds would have been much better spent on adaption. It's not a question of What feels good? It's a question of what makes sense for the residents and the citizens of Hawaii so there's a whole bunch of factors including the factor that you that you have to spend a lot of money to get To clean energy. It's new technology. It requires new infrastructure You have to have a lot of people working on it. It doesn't come free. I don't think people really understand that Yeah, it poses a lot of technical and financial risks, which will be borne by the consumers of electricity. Sure so taking all those things together Lou and Trying to fashion at least at least a way of thinking around developing a strategy For the country and I guess for Hawaii. We're always interested in that Where do you see, you know, how should we be thinking about this? Well, you know, this is gonna require a lot of education because people are sort of locked into a certain world view What they need to do, but I do think the governor's position on natural gas is It's a little too restrictive in the sense that he ought to have an open mind about that Maybe you ought to have a separate commission or some outside independent groups. Okay, let's look at 405 strategies going forward including a scenario where natural gas prices are relatively low where some of the financial risks of of the 100% renewables are appropriately evaluated and let's let's see which kinds of options might make sense Even from our sort of risk diversification point of view going forward Now people people in the cost of the people have been talking about this notion of a bridge fuel and I guess LNG would be a bridge fuel in other words keep keep keep things cheap In the period, I'm not sure how you define this period in the period of the middle That it be between the time we start looking for Lots of clean energy and and the time we end up with meeting our goals or at least getting to the year in which We were supposed to meet our goals What do you think of that as an element in building the strategy the the element of a bridge fuel? Yeah, because you know, it's possible that the alternatives What's going on? We have a kind of central planning mechanism the government has decided We're gonna have renewables and these are the renewables. We're going to have wind so whatever and But they may not be the cheapest way to go There may be other kinds of renewable breakthroughs There may be breakthroughs and batteries that come along that to deal with some of the imbalance in the grid But those breakthroughs on here. Yeah, if you look at the US for example, I would say You if you look at sort of solar wind all the different things between the US Clearly biofuels everyone kind of agrees biofuels has been kind of a bust, right? But in you in Washington we mandate the blending of biofuels into the gasoline pool It's actually increasing the price of gasoline by about 10 cents a gallon in the US And by the way in the Hawaiian Islands who are not required by law to blend biofuels That's a self-imposed pain you engaged in in Hawaii You know that you in Alaska were exempt Well, you know the other the other thing about this is things change and You know if we weren't aware of that on any given day the news that day will remind us that things change You can't count on anything staying the same for even half a day even a quarter of a day Just just watch any news source. So if we develop a strategy This is a you know conceptual idea develop a strategy and we and we fix on certain steps over a certain period of time You know using certain, you know certain parameters, I guess and maybe certain variables that change How do we build in a? Complete, you know disruptive change that happens right in the middle for example a new technology and batteries You know for example the graphene graphene batteries come in all the sudden Batteries are a whole new ballgame How do we build that into the strategy? Well, you need you know, you need an open system in which alternatives can emerge over time It's true that if you build a big combined cycle power plant, you're kind of stuck with that right for a long time, but you know Technologies come just what the technologies come along often That's one of the reasons why we should do research and I'm a big believer in basic research and even demonstration research I'm not a believer that the government has the ant that the government knows what the future looks like and should then have a very centralized plan Implemented because once the wheels of bureaucracy get rolling They don't seem to be very susceptible to changes in technology and in forces in the market So who looks at that? I mean, it's just a small point, but in the news today. There is a wind farm in Ola Palakua on Maui where the Forget what you call it the the top part of the windmill fell off and it stopped the whole farm This is a pretty big farm. I don't know how many megabytes, but it's pretty big farm And it was important for the grid in Maui. It fell off. It broke the whole farm is down They're probably trying to figure out how to make up for that loss So maybe this requires Some new adaptation on the strategy. And so my question to you is who decides who should be watching for that? Windmill to fail who should be Commission in Hawaii, I think what it's called and If you go and in the u.s. You know in the u.s. All our Independent service operators we have regulatory bodies in the state. So the u.s. Is a very unusual place The states get to decide what the electric grid looks like the states get to decide how the connections are done and what kinds of Regulatory measures should be implemented because we just have this tradition in the u.s. We do have merchant suppliers in other states, and I don't know what the nature of the Hawaiian System is that much, but if you had a pure market oriented system in Hawaii, my guess is for Oahu clearly you would have some big baseload and Then you would fill it in over time with renewables Maybe you'd have a little bit of an experimental program. I certainly wouldn't be engaged because remember you These are all Interruptible supplies the wind mills a classic case right now a power plant can go down as well But I think you do the wind mills are newer technology that they offer certain risks I would be very cautious about introducing these and I have to quick pace Yeah, one last question before we close Lou and that's this you you're seeing this from a national point of view It's not an international point of view and you know, you know, what is happening in Hawaii? And you know what's happening in other states? Do you feel that there is a national culture of Strategy development and management Emerging these days in the United States and if not should there be No, I think there should be much more attention to cost-based solutions And I think that we've gotten so Locked in to that we know what the right answer going forward is and we're not making the right trade-off We may end up imposing very high costs in the in the price of electricity Without thinking about well, what's the value of that high cost? What are we really buying for that? And as I said to get back to this example in Hawaii It just seems to me quite foolish for the state of Hawaii to put all their resources in trying to have a clean energy grid When in fact the payoff to Hawaii is an adaption That's the economic value of the state That's very fresh thinking and something we ought to consider and I'd like to continue this discussion two weeks hence On a given Wednesday at the same time. I hope you'll be available Lou. I will great. That's Lou Puglirisi He's a president of Eprinck, which is the energy policy research foundation and energy think tank in Washington, DC Thank you so much. I just might leave it with one thing is that all the research can be found on our website Thank you. What is the name of your website website? Eprinck.org. Great. Thank you. Aloha. Thank you, Jay


This ulcer on the left lower limb needs to be dressed. First, clean the surrounding skin of the ulcer with alcohol soaked gauze and then dab the base of the ulcer with saline soaked gauze. You need to be gentle with the tissues as you do this. Avoid using caustic reagents like boric acid solutions. Apply a piece of Vaseline gauze. This will prevent the gauze, dry gauze from sticking to the base of the ulcer. And then apply lots of dry gauze on top. Now you are ready to put your crepe bandage on. On the lower limbs, be careful to avoid the toes so that when there is edema, you will be able to notice it.


The TEFL Training Center in Limerick is located at the heart of Limerick City. As with all our TEFL locations, the TEFL qualification gained at the TEFL Training Center in Limerick is globally recognized, which means that for our students there is no limitation on the geographic region where they can work and begin a career. The Limerick TEFL Training Center has recently undergone a comprehensive renovation which has upgraded all of their facilities and services. Upon arrival students enter a bright and airy reception area. Here the students are made to feel welcome, there is fresh water and seating available and an information point where students can access additional information about their courses or indeed the TEFL Training Center in general. There is a spacious meeting room next to reception where students and staff can meet the academic manager and the college manager. The Limerick TEFL Training Center also boasts a totally renovated canteen for students. This canteen contains a satellite TV, seating for students, tea and coffee making facilities as well as a microwave, shelving units and a sink. The canteen has been made as comfortable as possible to ensure that students have a relaxing and comfortable place to take a break between classes and also have access to hot and cold refreshments. The TEFL Training Center in Limerick has four classrooms equipped with new desks and seating. These classrooms are fully heated and ventilated with whiteboards and in some cases access to multimedia such as projectors and PowerPoint. The classroom sizes, like the class sizes in the TEFL Center are purposefully small so as to ensure that all students in the Limerick TEFL classes get the individual attention that they require and deserve. The TEFL library is located on the third floor of the building. There are a number of computers with internet access in the library which are available for student use. The library is fully heated and ventilated and is available to students during college opening hours. Students who enroll at the TEFL Training Center in Limerick enter an educational institution that promotes a family environment. The training, managerial and administrative staff know each and every student at the TEFL School in care for the well-being, happiness and progression of all of students. The small numbers of students in the Limerick TEFL Training Center enables the staff to closely monitor the students and ensure that all students are receiving adequate support. The TEFL Training Center in Limerick has achieved quality approval and recognition due to the career-orientated package it offers and is Department of Education and Justice approved. The school was awarded Acagold approval in May 2008, testimony to their continuous provision of high quality tuition, student support and high pass rates. The college was also awarded Abe, Association of Business Executives, approval in May 2008. In addition to this TEFL Training Center in Limerick has also been awarded Quality Partner Status by SEMA and has recently attained a CELS, the Advisory Council for English Language Schools, accreditation for the teaching of English as a foreign language at the school. The TEFL Training Center in Limerick is therefore recognized by the Department of Education and Science for the teaching of English as a foreign language.


I work with Christian Aid in Malawi and we're head of programs for enhancing community resilience projects. My first CBA was CBA 5 and since then my focus on adaptation has changed. CBA has helped me to focus on community adaptation at household level so somehow it coincided with the proposal development to defy denowage and embassy and and I reshate and my input into that project was really emphasizing on how every effort would contribute and benefit a household in terms of adaptation. Good morning, my name is Stephen Nakusoto. I come from Masai Mara, which is in Laroa County. Together with Salaton, the teaching we work in an organization called Medume. We came to this conference and we want to thank the conference organizers for giving us the opportunity. When we arrived here we met so many people from other countries. Our biggest lesson is that we are able to now understand that the challenges that are facing our community are not broken. We have so many, we met so many communities, so many groups in this conference who come from all corners of the world, who are talking about the same thing as we are talking. Now we know the impacts of climate change. The climate change is a global issue and that we are able to talk together. We learn from each other things that are affecting other people in other areas in the world and we learn so many strategies that other people are using in those in their own areas. Some of these things are very good for us so when we go back to our communities we shall be able to share a lot of this information. So we have a message for everyone that as we continue to use science and technology and education to find solutions for world problems we must not forget our cultures. Hello my name is Pablo Suarez I'm associate director for research and innovation at the Red Cross represent climate center and I'm happy to report that I've been to every single CBA with the exception of the one in Tanzania so I've been to eight out of nine. The first one in Bangladesh happened when I was a full-time researcher on climate and disasters. I was looking for people who investigated climate and disasters but who cared about people and I found it at the community-based adaptation event ten years ago and that was one of the things a very important event for me because it made me say you know what I need to start working with people and for people. That was the time when I decided to no longer be full-time researcher and I became what I am now which is a humanitarian worker. One of the things I really love about CBA and its evolution over time from the first one a decade ago to the one now let me say four things. First one only event dealing with climate and adaptation that takes participants to spend half of the conference time to the field to the places where people are actually suffering and actually trying to adapt. That's not happening elsewhere. Second thing is that this event allocates plans to allocate time to take risks to do things that are out of the box. The sessions out of the box have become a tradition for CBA. The third thing is the infusion of games. We as Climate Center have been developing some ideas for participatory games. CBA gave us the space to try to polish to experiment to innovate. A fourth thing I want to say is that there is a phenomenal candidness from the organizers. We saw Mr. Salim, Mr. Organizer tweet when he was a panelist saying this panel is only males and we need more gender balance in these events. That's the organizer. How much do you see of candid reflection? I celebrate CBA. I want to continue to be part of these. I'm a named Shawn Martin. I work for World Wildlife Fund in the United States and this is my first CBA conference. I came here because I was invited to talk to the audience about ecosystem-based adaptation, which I've done a number of times for many different audiences, usually with conservation groups, not so much development or humanitarian organizations. What I'm taking away from this conference is that even though I expected there would be differences in perspective between a development audience and a conservation audience that I normally work with, I didn't realize how profoundly different they were. In my work with conservation organizations, I'm trying to inject the people aspect into our work almost all the time. Here, I found myself trying to inject the environment into the development work. What I learned is I really need to think harder about my audience even though I was anticipating a lot of these issues. I need to think harder about my audience and anticipate what their reactions might be and be better prepared for them to respond. Hi, I'm Penny Urquhart. I work independently on adaptation to climate change at the policy and strategic level. I was also one of the IPCC authors for the Fifth Assessment Report working on the Africa chapter. I think this is my fourth CBA conference. I found it very interesting to see the developments of the conferences as they go from year to year and the increasing sort of detail and sophistication in the debate, which is great to see. Because a lot of my work is at the policy and strategic level, it's really incredibly valuable for me to continue to get in touch with the reality on the ground. And the CBA conference has really provided the opportunity to do that because it's a great efficient way to meet and interact with lots of people working on the ground from all of the areas of the world. So it's really, really valuable to see how people are breaking with the issues that would otherwise remain as statements on a piece of paper. You know, you're now getting a real sense of the reality of fixing people in different regions. I'm Ari Kumare. I'm Program Officer for Climate Change Adaptation. I work for the Norwegian Church in Zambia. We support partners who are implementing climate change adaptation in various communities in Zambia. This is my second CBA conference that I'm attending. I attended the CBA 5 conference in Bangladesh. And the CBA conferences have been informative. They have been helpful in being able to build my capacity to be able to to assist program management of the projects that my partners are implementing in the various communities. The CBAs are informative and the information that we get from the CBAs has helped us in many ways in being able to be able to contribute to the reduction of vulnerabilities of the communities in our countries where we operate from. Thank you. I'm Voseta Vijay Naik and I work as the Policy and Advocacy Coordinator for Climate Action Network South Asia. I'm here at the CBA with one of the programs we have called Southern Voices for which I'm the Regional Facilitator. From CBA, what will I take back? I will take all the knowledge that I gathered on how adaptation is done on the ground and how communities are involved in deciding and making decisions on how adaptation needs to be done and how culture and vulnerable groups are incorporated into the process as well. So it will help us with our joint principles on adaptation, which will be based on how adaptation practices and plans and policies need to be participatory and inclusive. So the knowledge I gathered here would help me in making better decisions as to what work we need to do in different countries. Thank you. I'm Chris Henderson. I work for Practical Action. I'm the Agriculture Policy Advisor based in UK. This is my second CBA. It's reaffirmed my view that actually it's a really valuable process. It's about sharing what works, but also what doesn't. And I think it's really good to talk to fellow practitioners about the challenges we face. In agriculture, adaptation is essential. So we're going to have successful community based adaptation. We need agricultural adaptation too. I think many people perceive climate smart agriculture. I mean, this is people perhaps outside the CBA community, but they perceive climate smart agriculture as the vehicle or delivery mechanism for getting that adaptation in agriculture. However, it's a pretty controversial and confused process. Our view is it needs to be much better defined if it's to be relevant to community based adaptation, to marginalised and smaller farmers. We see through our work that agroecology and agroecological approaches need to be purist about this. It's a powerful tool for adaptation. We in Practical Action think that it's an opportunity for justice or technology justice in agriculture. Thank you. My name is Mum Portula. I come from the SOTO from Royal Self-Help Development Association, RSDA. This is my first time attending the CBA conference. And what I'm taking away in our context to the SOTO context is that if CBA is done well and EBA is done well, it might be to the communities almost. One thing and I have enjoyed going to the field. I have already made contacts. So we'll keep on communicating with the people we met in the field. And also here we have made their very in the conference. We have made very good contacts and we'll keep on communicating and exchanging the experience. And in short, it has been like wonderful because it is a conference which have accommodated everyone. Hi, my name is Nawam Nans. I was supported to come to CBA 9 by the Southern Voices for Adaptation Program. The Southern Voices Program has been promoting the joint principles of adaptation, which is something my organization, Janata Akshan from Sri Lanka, has been keen to promote in our national adaptation process. So for me, community adaptation provides an interesting window into something very different from what we are focusing on, which is national adaptation. Adaptation at a national level, at a macro level. And coming here and looking at amazing discussions and the views and feedback on community adaptation, that very micro level adaptation has been highly enlightening to us because all this time we've been focusing on creating an overarching framework for adaptation and this conference seemed to reinforce the need for focusing on the community level requirements, priorities and interests in adaptation. Hi, my name is Tim Forsyth. I'm at the London School of Economics and Political Science. This is the second international conference on community-based adaptation that I have been to. I was at the one in Dhaka in 2009 and I'm now at the one in Kenya. I am interested in CBA because it's one other arena where international development and local concerns can be mixed with global environmental policy. And the key agenda of CBA is to try and increase the representation of local needs and vulnerabilities. That's why I'm interested in it. However, I'm not just interested in CBA as a concept in itself. I'm interested in CBA as an example of how government and international expert bodies can connect with people living in villages and mix the knowledge from global climate models as well as local livelihoods needs. So all of CBA work is a very good example of how to mix local development with global environmental policy. Good morning. My name is Salaton Lulintuju. I came from the Narok County. We have a CBO called Meduni Community Conservation. And that we are glad that we started and we are moving forward because of the support of the community. They see that we are doing good and they love it. We came here to this global warming conference, the CBA. It is actually, it is a new learning from us of which we meet with different people from different countries. And that we knew that, yes, we are doing actually what we supposed to do to the world. And we appreciate that for the conference and for the organizations in Cariboula. My name is Ana Coulombe. I'm a research manager at BBC Media Action. We work across different themes, governance, health, and one of them very important for us is resilience. We always say that audiences are at the heart of what we do and we do mean it because we do a lot of research always before starting any project. So attending this conference has been very important. I've learned a lot, something that I'm going to incorporate and take back to my colleagues as well. And it's also been very useful to understand what other organizations are doing and the challenges they are facing. Because as communicators, we always try and bring together these different stakeholders. And we try and make these linkages that we're discussing so much in the conferences, between government, between communities. The other outcome has been making lots of useful contacts that we can use to benefit each other. We can support other partners to use communications and we can understand from the partners with other challenges as well. So it's been great. It's been great and I hope we can come back again next year. I'm Nambi from the WRI World Resources Institute. I'm the strategy head for the Varnabhutian Adaptation Initiative. I've been, this is my 9th HCBA. I've been attending ever since it is instituted. I've only missed one CBA. This has been a great learning experience for me, particularly understanding the people's perspective. What is the use of science or any activity that is not useful to the society. So that particular element of it comes out very clear in every thematic representation of what we have in CBA conferences. And it's a great opportunity to learn and exchange knowledge that they have benefited a lot. I've experimented some of the innovative ideas which have come out of this conferences. Try to implement them in some sense and try to kind of modify certain already applied methodologies which have been proven and experimented with. So in that sense you know and also it's a great networking opportunity. I'm for Nature Charlotte Angels. I work with an environmental consulting firm in Cameroon. Same services, consultants and intermediaries in mining energy and the environment. But into climate change I'm interested as a researcher. I've carried out a research in Cameroon coastal environment, the coastal communities. And I would say this is my first time attending the CBA. And it's been so inspiring. And as a challenge back home, I will present network for community-based adaptation and a huge network on community-based adaptation to be in contact with the CBA network. And the program will be published. We'll make it published on the CBA website. So and we'll need some mentorship because it's going to be a new project and then contributions from a general public. There's going to be a national base program. Good morning Patrick Kirkvie. I'm a PhD researcher from the University of Tasmania in Australia. And this is my second CBA conference. I'm as part of my doctoral research program, I'm investigating the role of culture in community-based adaptation. And this the CBA conference has been a really good way to connect with others working in this field from a really broad and different perspectives and a huge amount of kind of practical experience and wisdom from from practice and engaging with local communities. So in my research I'm interested in what is the role and significance of culture and what even does it mean to be culturally engaged in the context of this practice of community-based adaptation. And I'm really trying to connect with others in the field because what I'm trying to do in kind of my capstone publication is look at how we can provide practical guidance for CBA practitioners around how they can achieve a practice that's culturally sensitive and culturally engaged and how can we address that. So I've been conducting interviews with a number of people here at CBA and sitting on a panel session this afternoon about Indigenous knowledge, culture and adaptation. So really looking forward to the opportunity to connect with with lots of other people working on CBA and explore how we can achieve cultural engagement in practice with CBA. Thank you. Hi my name is Tania Guillem. I'm from Nicaragua and I'm here in the CBA on behalf of the SUSEWATCH Network and the Southern Voices Program. This is actually my second time in the CBA. I took part of it last year in Kathmandu and now I'm here in Nairobi for my second CBA together with other partners of the Southern Voices Program. And I would like the CBA to give me more tools to work in the community level but also taking our policies to other levels like regional and national level how we can make our governments to adapt, to make some advocacy that they see that our region needs to adapt and to plan for the short, medium and long term also. My name is Paul Healy. I'm the country director for THROKRA here in Kenya. We're an Irish NGO working in 17 to 20 countries worldwide and I'm happy to head of the Kenya office here. It's my first time to CBA. I'm really pleased to be here to meet some incredible people doing some incredible work with some really amazing ideas. I'm certainly bringing some wow ideas back on M&E to my office and to my organization. I would have liked to see gender more at the center of things as it's a priority for us. Looking to see how we do community based adaptation with a greater focus on women's experiences so that's something I'm going to be thinking of. I think the finance issue is something really big but lovely to meet the networks, to meet people passionate and committed to communities committed to community perceptions of what is important listening to those communities so it's a real privilege to be here and I'm even looking forward to the next one. So thank you very much. Hello, I'm Veena Nath Mandari. I work for Practical Action in Nepal and I have been working in this organization for the last 10 years and I look after climate change, adaptation and disaster risk reduction I have been participating in CBA conferences since its second conference. Over the period of these conferences we have covered 30 months themes and there have been ups and downs in participation. We have observed different participants interested in different themes. Last year in Kathmandu we had donor participants because it was a matter of finance. This year I can see a lot of participants from a practitioner point of view because we have a monitoring theme here so the discussions are leading with the themes and we have got a lot of improvements in our participation as well like now themes and the systems are pretty much efficient in discussions and there is diversity as well. It has helped my work and built on my confidence on what I have been working on the ground. Yes, my name is Monika. I'm a project called Partners for Resilience Climate Group Disaster Risk Reduction It's funded by Ministry of Foreign Affairs Netherlands, Kurukea Netherlands It's an alliance project with the Global Partners being Wetlands International Climate Center K-International Catholic Organization for Live and Development Aid. This is my very first time in CBA and I have learnt a lot and I was very interested in discussions surrounding ecosystem management and restoration in community based adaptation and also the indigenous knowledge how we track indigenous knowledge and how indigenous knowledge plays a key role in community based adaptation was very interesting to me. What I'm taking back home is we have made networks we've got into friendship with many other people who are coming from different countries working with different agencies and it was interesting to share ideas with them and also to share a poster we came along with a poster from Uganda and interestingly our poster was the best in this CBA 9 so we are very very proud we are very energised and we are going home with lots of news lots of information to share with the colleagues and to see how other people can also take interest and participate in the CBAs and also take message back and we increase the coalition for adaptation at community level that's what I can say