So today, I want to talk to you about proof of stake, proof of work, and some fun ideas that we should all consider as a community. So I've been thinking about this topic, of course, for a long, long time, and it started out by us looking into this much-vaulted, you know, this thing that has become almost religious, this notion of decentralization that's at the core of many decisions made today in cryptocurrencies. So we started to look at this scientifically, just how much decentralization is there out there, and what exactly are we paying to get to that level. And my thesis here is going to be very, very simple. Proof of work and the decentralization that it brings is incredibly limited. We have to move to proof of stake. And on that front, I have a suggestion for this particular audience and an offer, and I want to talk about it very openly and put certain topics. Some of them might be difficult for some people on the table. So one of the things we did was starting in 2015, we did a very long longitudinal study of proof of work networks. We looked at Bitcoin and Ethereum, and we discovered a few things. So this graph shows the bandwidth available to a Bitcoin node versus an Ethereum node. And then of course, there's one line that's for Tor. So it's better to be to the right, and you can see that Tor nodes have very low bandwidth, as you would expect, because they get the anonymity. You can see where Bitcoin is, and you can also see that Ethereum nodes are actually doing fairly well as well. So there's a lot of bandwidth available there. There's a big, big network. When we look at the network location, we discovered some interesting factoids about both Bitcoin and Ethereum. Bitcoin turns out to have the majority of its nodes housed in data centers. 58% of Bitcoin nodes at the time of our study were in data centers. Ethereum nodes tended to be geographically more distributed. There are many, many more of them. At the time we did this study, there were about slightly less than 10,000 Bitcoin nodes and slightly more than 25,000 Ethereum nodes. This community is strong. It's large. It's huge. It is globally distributed, and that's fantastic. That does mean that the node-to-node communication latencies are a little higher, as you can see on this graph. The green bars are further to the right, which is not good for this graph. But regardless, it's not so bad. Their communication latencies are about 100 milliseconds. Not that bad. There are many, many, many of us, and that's fantastic. Now the problem is, when it comes to making decisions, those nodes that we run bring no value. The entirety of the blockchain is created and controlled by a very small number of mining pool operators. At the time we did our study, the Bitcoin blockchain was being created by 19 mining pools. The Ethereum blockchain was being created, 99% of it was being created at the time by 11 mining pools. That's gotten a little better today. I just checked, and there are about 37 of them. That's kind of nice. If you look at the few that actually control the hash power, it's tiny. So Bitcoin, you could launch a 51% attack on Bitcoin, you could revert the chain, you could rewrite it after making three to four phone calls, and the same is also true for Ethereum. So all of that anxiety, all of those internet attacks, all of those decisions and compromises made in the name of decentralization come down to a tiny amount of decentralization, a tiny amount of distribution. Three to four people define this thing, and that's it. So that's a crazy, crazy thing to be doing. Not to mention the environmental disaster that is proof of work. So Nakamoto Consensus consumes an immense amount of energy just so we can visualize this. It's about the equivalent of the entire energy consumption of Austria. It's the equivalent of two Denmarks, three Ireland, and if you want to think about those cooling stacks and so forth that you see when you see a nuclear power station, the four nuclear power plants go into cryptocurrency mining. And so there are, of course, two different sort of approaches to this. Some people are inherently concerned about this because it melts the polar ice caps. It literally kills the polar bears. I'm in that camp. When I think about what I'm doing and what that's helping the world, where that's taking the world, I feel terrible about myself. Other people are more like, well, I got mine, screw everybody else kind of mode. And there are many other sort of justifications they use. That's okay. And to them, especially the store of value crowd, and to them, I say, well, look, you're leaking a lot of value out of your system. So to be able to construct your blockchain with the help of these, whatever you want to call it, 11 to 19 minus 37 miners, whatever they are, you are paying an immense cost. There was a very recent study that was issued just maybe last week that looked at the environmental, the externalized costs of mining. And they found that for every $1 of Bitcoin value created, there was an external cost of 49 cents of health and climate damage in the US and 37 cents in China. So this is not something we can stand behind. Anybody with a conscience should be able to say, look, this is really, really bad. We should not stand for this. And when it comes to the security, well, what's going on, the security of the coin is being secured by an investment in mining rigs that is equivalent to about 2% to 3% of the market cap of the coin. So keep in mind that a mining rig is some kind of a stake. It's a stake in that hash function. Somebody decided I would rather mobilize my capital and turn it into this format, which is this mining rig. And the amount of money that went into that is only 2% to 3% of the sum total. That's tiny. That is not much at all. And those rigs are not specific to a coin. For example, if you own a Bitcoin mining rig today, you could take that rig, use it to attack whatever other coin that shares BSV, crash BSV, rewrite their chain as much as you like, and then after you've completely screwed over BSV, you could go back to your Bitcoin mining unaffected. You simply gave up the opportunity cost of mining on BTC, but you did not lose your stake. Your hardware was usable afterwards. Now compare that to proof of stake, where an attack, a successful attack, will burn the cash that you put into the system. And compare that again to proof of stake systems, where we see upwards of 60 to 70% of the coins staked in the system. The security, the amount of money you would have to burn to attack is much, much higher than proof of work systems. I hope these points somehow sort of make the point that the narrative that you get from the Bitcoin loud melts is essentially just a whole bunch of security theater, a whole bunch of decentralization theater. So, what can we do? Well, so to sort of think about what one could do, one has to understand where we are today and one has to understand one's options. When we talk about, well, okay, let's ditch proof of work. That sounds like a sensible thing to do. We are all people with consciences. But how are we going to do that? Well, we have, until recently, we had just one choice because of the particular history. This is what we had. This area of distributed systems has been around for about 45 years. And for the first 35 of those years, we were always in this framework that we call the classical framework. The two people who came up with that framework, Leslie Lamport and Barbara Lyskov, independently received touring awards. They're brilliant. And within that framework, hundreds, maybe thousands of different consensus protocols have been proposed. We knew about all these protocols 10 years ago in 2009. Satoshi knew about those protocols. He looked at them and he said, these protocols are no good. They're very, very fragile. They don't lend themselves to an open permissionless system. And that's why he came up with his Nakamoto consensus protocol, which showed the world what one can do with BFT systems. We showed the world what a coin could do, what a permissionless coin could look like. So it was a fascinating proof of concept. But we are now beginning to see its shortcomings. It is not as decentralized as it could be. There is natural monopolistic effects where one miner becomes dominant over time. And the amount of energy going into it is enormous and so on and so forth. Now, what can we do? We can go back to the 70s, the 80s and 90s and dust up old papers and put new lipstick on old ideas to try to make them look prettier and OK again and try to fold them in to our current context. No matter what we do around that topic, we will find that those protocols are incredibly fragile. We knew this about the time. We knew this 10 years ago. We know it now. If you talk to various different people, if you talk to Vlad Zanfir, for example, about his expectations of ETH2, oh, he will tell you that he fully expects consensus failures. And that's not because of the fact that these protocols are very, very fragile. Something interesting happened last year. There was a new protocol family launched. It's called Avalanche. And it works differently from the others. It is not based on voting. It is not based on a single round or just a few rounds. It was based on repeated rounds of sampling an audience. And that gives us an incredibly different set of properties. And I want to talk about that. And what I really want to talk to you about today is something we built using that protocol. It's called Aetherium. And it's a test net for Ethereum. So you can use it today. And I'll show you, maybe I'll try and show you a video. We came up with this cool logo. It's Ava plus Ethereum. And you combine the two and you've got Aetherium. And at the core of it lies a very simple idea. The idea is to take the Avalanche consensus protocol and to adapt it for use with Aetherium. And just like you have multiple test nets for Ethereum, there's the run standard, this and that, we can also have the Aetherium test net that people could use. Now the properties of this test net are interesting. It is very, very, very fast. These protocols are incredibly fast. We're getting 3,000 decisions per second on the Aetherium test net on the linear chain that we built. It's totally ordered. We're getting higher numbers. You might have, some of you might have heard me talk about Avalanche. We have much higher numbers for Avalanche, but that's a different kind of a system that has partial order and asset management and so forth. That's a different, different thing. This is a little slower because we're creating a totally ordered chain and yet it's 3,000 decisions per second. Now, by the time you put it through the EVM that goes down drastically and the numbers that we're seeing today are about 200 transactions per second. But that's due to our, due to the current EVM design that we're using, which we stole entirely from get. So it's not only high throughput. I think a lot of this game turns out to be centered around TPS numbers. TPS numbers are incredibly easy to fake and if you want to sort of look for an example of this, ask the Hedera Hashgraph people for a demo. So the thing that's really important is finality. And I suspect that most people have not seen just how awesome these systems can be when they operate with quick finality. So the Avalanche family gives us finality, can give us finality in less than a second range. That's our target. On our current test net, we're getting 90 milliseconds. Super fast. And the most important feature of this protocol is that it can incorporate any number of participants. So if you want to add 1,000 more people to directly participate in the protocol, it can absorb those 1,000. This is something that nobody else can say. Libra, for example, is a classical protocol. It's using the fastest known classical protocol, designed by my student, by the way, who now works on Avalanche. And they're targeting 100 validators. That's the best they can do. More than 100, then the n squared starts to bite them. So these protocols work differently and they can accommodate, as I said, thousands to millions of participants. You and I and all of those existing nodes that I counted before, that we looked at before, they can be part of the network. They can help the network make decisions. They can help secure the network. Law enforcement can send 100 subpoenas in the same day. No problem. They cannot send 25,000 subpoenas to all 25,000 of us. And finally, the implementation that we have is byte by byte compatible with the EVM. So everything that we know, we can just take and run on top of this new infrastructure. So the plan here, or the idea here, is to spoon Ethereum over to the Aval network. And so some of you might not have heard the word spoon before. A spoon is a fork that's friendly. And I'll talk about why this is friendly and why this is good in a second. And that creates a theorem for us. In doing so, we plan to, of course, preserve all balances. And in doing so, we plan to preserve all community tooling. So things like solidity, metamask, remix, all Layer 2 solutions, they should continue to work untouched. I'll talk about the slight exceptions and the things we discovered along this path in a second. But the core idea is to preserve everything that we know to do, except move it to, move it. But give you a platform where you can do it much, much, much faster, not move. Just give you an additional alternative. So some things that there's a lot of noise out there. So it's been about a year and there's been some discussion around this. I want to make sure that everybody understands the basics. We're talking about a totally ordered chain. As I mentioned before, Avalanche builds a partially ordered DAG. But within the DAG, we create an actual straight up regular chain that looks exactly like the current blockchain today. It's asynchronous. There are no baked in assumptions related to timing or delivery of message, of message latency. So it's robust. It tolerates imprecise membership in network views. So I could think that the network consists of this many people. You could think that it consists of that many people. That's not exactly the same. That would be catastrophic if we were using a classical protocol. For Avalanche, it's no big deal. That's totally normal. It'll work beautifully even in the presence of deferring views. It's secure. Unlike most other protocols, you could actually tweak or parameterize Avalanche, or the Avalanche protocol, the core protocol underneath to withstand attacks that are greater than 51% of the stake. Now, the protocol won't necessarily make progress. We cannot guarantee liveness in the presence of such a big attacker. But it can guarantee safety in the presence of such a big attacker. This is unprecedented. It is a gracefully degrading protocol. So classical protocols, typically, I think you've heard Vitalik talk about 3F plus one, or you might have heard other people talk about the one-third cutoff. They typically are, what happens with them is they can handle attackers as big as one-third of the network, 33%. And if the attacker is slightly bigger than that, then he is guaranteed to win, okay? So that's an interesting property. With this new family of protocols, the degradation is graceful. If we gear up the network for an attacker size of 33%, and the attacker mobilizes 40% of the stake in the network to attack the network, I think this is incredibly likely, but suppose it happened. He doesn't get to win immediately. And again, this is unprecedented. What happens is, sure, because he's bigger than we anticipated, it's because he's bigger than what we geared the network for, we can no longer make the usual security guarantees. The probability of a safety failure is not going to be once every 20,000 years. But it also doesn't mean that he wins immediately. Instead, what it means is he might be able to create a safety violation, not in 20,000 years, in a time that's a little quicker, maybe in 5,000 years or 2,000 years. And that's a very nice situation to be in, because when your assumptions are violated, your system doesn't just keel over. So I was going to do a demo, but I think what I'm gonna do, well, I can show you pieces of this demo. Let's see, so I don't know what there is to look at. All these demos look the same and they look kind of bad. So you can see, are we hearing it? We're not hearing call and talk. So in essence, what you get to see here is on the left, we have a block explorer and on the right, we have a screen where a terminal where he's going to issue 2,000 transactions. And that's my ether wallet that everybody knows and loves. It took me five minutes to set it up with a dropdown. So once you have the dropdown, you can say, look, I'm gonna issue some transactions, don't send them to the regular main Ethereum network, send them to the Ethereum testnet. So I don't know what's going on with this demo. Stuff is happening. Okay, no, maybe it is moving. All right, because we can't hear the volume or the sound, we can't really tell what's gonna happen and I can't forward this fast forward through this because I don't have a keyboard up here. So what should happen is you should see an enormous flurry of activity as soon as he issues his transactions. You know what I'm gonna do? Instead of staring at an empty screen where nothing happens for a while and then things just kind of float by, I'm gonna let you imagine that this thing goes really, really fast, okay? So please bear with me. It really does go very, very fast. And I'll give it maybe two more seconds. Oh yeah, okay. So oh yeah, what we were planning to do for this audience was set up a lottery, okay? So we have this lottery contract and you can see that just for testing purposes, we ended up putting 11,000 registrations there. We're gonna ignore those. And so as of this moment, it's going to be checkpointed and you can just connect to this network and send any message to this contract, okay? And just register your public key. We'll do a drawing and we'll distribute some swag to everybody and that's Colin talking in the background. And you know what I'm gonna do? I'm gonna, this is a pretty straightforward script. All right, he's gonna issue his 2,000 transactions. And watch it happen. All right, Colin, press the key. Creating 2,000 accounts. Okay, and then you can see just how fast this thing is. And it's kind of amazing to watch it grow and there's still a lot of transactions. I'm gonna skip this. Okay, so we decided to do this two weeks ago and much of my time was spent not on technical stuff but on talking to people and saying, look, this is all very friendly. We want to make sure that nobody's upset about what we were about to do. It's a testnet and so forth. It's very early for us. There are no denial of service protections, okay? We do have the gas logic in there but we're not using it. So if any one of you decides to toss us, you can. And so please don't. Okay, it doesn't really demonstrate much. The fact that you can toss a testnet, okay, big whoop. So, but you know, it's a fun thing to play with. And so my proposal to the community is that we put up this testnet, make this testnet available for you and we play around with it. That's really the entirety of the proposal on the table as of now. Well, we are also thinking about creating a spoon. So as what's the spoon again, we're going to identify a height in the future at which we're going to duplicate the state of the chain at that height, okay? So that means all of the balances are preserved. So everybody who holds ETH, they now hold that much ETH on AVA, okay? ETH on Ethereum. And all of the contracts that are deployed on ETH today are going to be deployed also on ETH on Ethereum. So this gives us a very, very fast network and scalable one right now. That's a wonderful situation to be in. There are lots of other groups working on making Ethereum fast. You know about Ethereum 2, you heard about Vlad CBC Casper work. I'm sure there are others out there. So it's wonderful to be in a community with so many people trying to make the infrastructure better. This new infrastructure we're offering is completely optional. We're not asking anybody to burn their main netcoins. You don't have to buy into this thing.   We don't have to go and talk to anybody. There is no permissioning step involved. It's just out there. You just add a different interface, a different RPC endpoint and you're off to the races. It does not compete with ETH 2.0. It in fact takes the pressure off of ETH 2.0 because there is now at least a test network initially and perhaps sometimes soon a real network that actually works and works at scale. And as there are EVM improvements, we can incorporate them. Now we're not EVM people. We're not going to be making those improvements ourselves. That's still the domain of the Ethereum Foundation. We are simply giving a new layer one, that very, very lowest layer and we're relying on the Ethereum Foundation for the development of the EVM itself. That's I think the core intellectual sort of thrust of this endeavor here. And it demonstrates as I said that it's possible for ETH to scale today. And it preserves everything that's at least to me, quintessentially Ethereum. So all balances, all contracts, all tooling and of course all of the colorful shorts and so forth. They all remain Ethereum. It's just that one layer gets a little faster. So spoons are nice. And one of the things that they help us do is identify future problems currently brewing on chain. One of the main things we discovered immediately is that the tooling itself is not currently geared for blocks that are lightning fast. So we're getting block times that are about 90 milliseconds. The tooling assumes that you're getting at most one block per second. So that's a bit of an issue that we have to keep in mind because that might no longer be true. We're also identifying a bunch of smart contracts that assume a certain block interval somewhere between 12 to 15 seconds between blocks. That's no longer going to be true even no matter what happens with the switch to POS those contracts will have to be rewritten. And if they cannot be rewritten, they will be broken. So keep that in mind because this is coming and this is a good way, a test net is a good way to explore these problems before they happen. Much more importantly, and the thing that I'm most excited about is that Ethereum would help bring more people into the infrastructure. We are all cut out unless you own some mining rigs and I'm sure some of you do. We're cut out from the infrastructure. We're not participating. All of that diversity at the network layer is not reflected during consensus. We have no voice. Only the miners get to produce the blockchain and now we can all participate. That's an interesting situation to be in. There's no cabal formation because there is no committee selection. It's not like this protocol is going to be sub-selecting a small group. It's not like EOS where we vote on each other and us 21 people are in and then we vote on the next person to come in, et cetera. There is none of that happening. Everyone gets to come in and participate because of the efficient way that this protocol can work. So some people might object to this. I worry a lot about this because I've been there for the DAO fork. I've been there for the Bitcoin Cash fork. I've been there for the BSV fork and so forth. One thing to keep in mind, so one of the things that they might object to is, hey, this eth on Ethereum is not the same as eth and that's true, but this is not a zero sum game. We can create excess value for everyone. The fact that we're now introducing something else should or the fact that we're showing to the world that eth can actually scale should indeed make everybody, all the votes go up. And it's much better than a burn or a lock or an explicit transfer. Let's see, there are existing miners that made an investment in mining rigs. They will, I think, very vociferously be against any push like this. And I don't know what to say to them, but there was very clear guidance from everybody that mining was going to end for Ethereum at some point. So they took a big risk. So I expect them to be vocally against this idea, but then again, they took that risk on their own despite the guidance to the contrary. And there might be people out there with ego tied up in particular solution strategies. Again, I don't know what to do about that, except to say that the Ethereum community distinguishes itself. The reason why I'm here, why I love this community so much, is because of its devotion to scientific study. That if any group of people are going to look at the merits of different solutions and pick accordingly, it's this community. So let's do it that way. Let's do it on a principled manner. I just based on what happened yesterday. There's this whole issue about airdrops and tax obligations and so forth. This kind of a spoon is explicitly mentioned in that guidance as a non-tax reportable event. So it's not like you suddenly have a tax obligation. There are some other boneheaded things that are in that guidance, but at least those things don't affect this particular idea. So then there's the final thing that I want to talk about, which is why are we doing this, right? So there'll be people who sort of are suspicious of my motivations here. I don't know what to do about that. I think all of you know me. I've been around for long enough. But let me try to enunciate sort of how what kind of a person I am and what kind of thing we're trying to do here. I am here and I've done everything I ever did to make the space better, to a fault, and I'm proud of my record on this. Many applications demand high scale right now. We do need a solution and we do need to show to the world that this area can overtake Wall Street and move it to a better foundation. It can overtake governments and move them to a better foundation. And most importantly, it can overtake corporations and business logic and make them trustworthy again. Well, so where is that? Well, it's not in Bitcoin. I assure you of that at three to five transactions per second. And at the moment with 20 TPS or so, it's not an Ethereum 1.0. This is one path forward. Of course, I want to demonstrate and test my implementation, our implementation of Avalanche underneath. And so that is one of the key motivators for us. I want the creativity of this community coming in and checking the protocol implementation that we have. It is a great way to shake out any issues we might have. And I want to see it with the whole set of things that have ever been deployed on Ethereum. That's a very rich set of applications. I want to see those and see whether or not we can support them. And of course, I want to create awareness for the underlying AVA technology. So you guys should all come and check it out. This stuff is super fast. Maybe use it just for this and then you go away. Maybe you don't touch it, that's okay too. But maybe some of you will stay and check out the other AVA features that we have. We have a bunch. I'm not going to go into them here, but it's a cool platform. So if you're interested, this is the link. Oop, oop, oop, oop. This is the link, aetherium.ava.network. There's a very long write up on how to configure my Ether wallet to point to it. We've also configured MetaMask. It's just you don't have to change any binaries. You don't have to trust any of us. It's trustless technology from the ground up. You just add one RPC endpoint and you're off to the races using this testnet. So with that, thank you very, very much. Look, thank you all for coming to the talk.


everyone and welcome to Norris Cove. I'm Yoshida. Today we'll be doing our paycheck to paycheck weekly budget and it'll be from May 16th through the 22nd. I've already went in and highlighted just to put a little color. Oh but first let's do a review. Okay you guys this review not that great but um I didn't post last week I actually did a video but I just never uploaded it because when it was late and then when I well when I recorded it was late and then when I decided to post it it was like Saturday and I was like never mind plus I just wasn't feeling my best and I felt like I just came across not feeling my best so anywho you guys look at this we only made $540 last week we projected $750 but these are the things that got paid um capital one actually it was due the 15th so it takes about two days so that'll be coming out of this week's um pay. So it said $520 and we came in a little under that of course without the $50 so just subtract 50 so we were able to make our bills um we wasn't able to give more to T-Mobile or Bar Plays which comes out this week and this is a tough week and then I did let the week before that I didn't post I don't think and we made $555 you guys I don't know what's going on um but we were able as you can see to pay everything I thought uplift was due but uplift wasn't it actually came out last week um let me put that one here and it was around $38.57 okay and canva I think canva came out let me check that out so we projected $503 um like again uplift didn't come out canva did so we again were able to cover our bills but money was short and I'm going to be sure I'm honest with you guys I've used my credit cards again to kind of survive and I'm just scared to see what they look like um I'm gonna well let me go to the monthly so I'm gonna leave my monthly open so that I can see what is due okay so we have hair, nose, cove, nails and miscellaneous miscellaneous I returned some items to world greens that gave me $39 so I'm going to add that um nails zero, nose, cove I'm putting zero because um I did a new release last week nothing sold I'm thinking of doing is working on some things this week and then hair um I'm gonna project 600 I gotta go I hate to go back low but it's not looking good okay it's not looking good so let's see what we can pay with $639 let's see it is the 16th so I'm gonna put here the 17th because that's when capital want to be coming out so I've already paid it the money is in the bank and I gave them 50 because I was spending part of that credit card um also on the 17th which is today yeah my budget is late um planet fitness comes out I don't have the money for them I don't know what to tell them um I think that's $23 that I have written down here oh I gotta pay city bank thank god I came down here to do this city bank uh I think city bank I can give them like 40 18th Barclays this pan is not doing well um Barclays I know I think the minimum is 70 something dollars I'm going to do the minimum put 75 because that's all I have on the 20th we have car note and that's 181 60 y'all I'm gonna tell you I'm gonna be in the negative I already kind of know uh 21st T-Mobile and T-Mobile is 209 okay and then also on the 21st we have booth rents and that is $250 let's add this up we have a total of 8 28 60 where where is it okay it's not here okay and we're going to subtract it by 6 39 189 60 is what the difference is so we're in the negative by almost 200 dollars I'll tell you so I don't know I don't know I I don't know if I've been this far in the negative in a while so what I like to do when I do kind of get see myself being in the negative like what's not going to get paid and I'm going to tell you the first thing would be T-Mobile I can pay them on a I just got caught back up with paying them on time and I hate to be late but they would be the first that I pay late because I know I have a grace period um the credit cards they're going to get paid planning fitness it may or may not get paid but it's a little amount of money so you know I know that's going to get paid my car note definitely needs to be paid and of course the booth rent I have to have somewhere to work so this is it you guys we're in the negative um let me see if I have a red I do a red marker here yeah here we go 181 69 is what we're in the negative by I don't know like I said tops like this these are just certain things that just won't get paid now what I can do I can give like T-Mobile $50 $100 whatever I have extra until I get caught up I just I just got caught back up so I'm trying to figure out where I went wrong where did I go wrong I've dipped into my savings I no longer have savings I've thought today I do have so many my cash envelopes um that I've just left in there I think I'm just going to empty them out that was just from my last cash envelope stuffing and I'm just start over with the cash envelopes to help cover some of these bills I don't think I have a good hundred dollars in there but whatever I have in there I'm just going to empty that out that will help with something especially these credit card bills and if you've been watching for a while Barclays is like my worst credit card that I have it is the highest credit card that I pay and I need to get that down so we'll be playing Barcade paying Barclays for sure and we can't really skip any credit cards I don't like to skip credit cards um but that's it card note has to be paid because that comes out of my bank account so that's an automatic withdrawal so definitely I'll take the money from the cash envelopes and put in my account to help cover that coming out now I do have clients the rest of the week but I just don't never know how it goes like yesterday I had two clients to cancel and they canceled one because of the rain one because their hair was itching I mean crazy but anyway nonetheless let's just put it in here I know y'all cannot wait I can't wait for next week's review to see how this goes so preferably all goes well and things will get paid um what I've done this is an old insert it is in my financial bundle and I just use that to kind of keep track of my monthly bills I should be working on a new financial bundle and I'm definitely going to do one for my entrepreneurs but for now this is what we have so if you've purchased the financial bundle you would need to get the paycheck weekly check in that is not included as of now but you would need to get the paycheck weekly check in and the monthly budget breakdown here's that you would need to get those separate to complete the bundle but the bundle is jam packed with a lot of stuff so that is that again I'll try to remember to put this paycheck weekly the link to it from my shop in the description bar and you can just check that out but that's it you guys that's all I have for this week thank you so much for watching we're gonna figure it I gotta keep showing up that's all I can do just keep showing up just keep budgeting and it'll work out still make goals still make plans I'm not discouraged because I've been here before and I know that things will work out so I don't want you all to think I'm in distress because I'm not I've been here before things will work out and we'll we'll get this budgeting down as you can see I struggle sometimes sometimes we're up sometimes we're not so it's okay it'll get taken care of and if I have a word for you and you're a financial attorney when you run across times like this maybe document it and see how you handle it how things worked out that is why creating a budget it doesn't have to be paper budgeting it can be digital budgeting but make sure you're making notes that's why you see sticky notes and stuff all through my budgets because I can see how things worked out what got paid what may have wrote a road so really if I go back I can kind of see where I messed up you know or what happened in my budget like I said when I got my taxes I paid a lot of my credit cards down and that really increased my score but now I'm having to go back to the credit cards to kind of survive a little bit so take note of that matter of fact let me break make that note here I'm gonna put it in last week's budget so again always make sure that you're documenting anything in your budget whether you traveled whether there was a baby shower you had to get a gift or something I always put those things in my budget and that will let me know like where my money went because a lot of times we don't know where our money went but if we make those small mini notes to ourselves we can kind of trace our money so I hope today's video was informative I hope you enjoyed today's video and if you did and you're new here do me a favor hit that subscribe button also hit the notification bell so you can come back for more content from myself more budgeting more planning minimal planning DIYs all that great stuff I would love to have you here let me know that you're new in the comments and I would love to welcome you to the cove I will see you guys in my next video


Hey, what's up guys? So this is the first video that I've made for a while. I have been very busy with other things, but today we've got a question from my friend Gabby and she says on your website it says you shouldn't look at any screen or light for an hour before you go to bed. It's the hardest thing to do because they're everywhere around me, she says, but get into that point. Why does it affect the way you dream? Why is it important? Because of course in my emails and I think on a few of my blog posts I suggest that you don't look at any artificial source of light for at least an hour before you go to sleep, for at least an hour before you actually get into bed and try and have a dream or try and go to sleep or whatever. Why is this important? Well it's a bit scientific and it can get a bit technical, but to keep it simple I'm just going to explain it like this. Naturally there are certain hormones in your body which are released in response to you receiving light. So when for example the sun rises in the morning and the light enters the room and comes onto your body like this, certain hormones are activated and produced in your body which raise your awareness and wake you up. This is a natural process, the technical term for it is your circadian rhythm which basically means your response to light and darkness. The different hormones that are at play which affect you feeling tired and wanting to go to sleep when there's no light and feeling ready to wake up and preparing your body for the change in blood pressure that change in awareness when you wake up in the morning. The problem with modern life is that we have lots of artificial light and these different light sources, for example TV screen, your computer screen, your phone, even your light bulb in your room if it's a certain brightness, these light sources actually still affect those hormones to a certain degree. And especially TV because there's not only light source, you're not only seeing a light source but you're also getting stimulation from the content on the TV as well which doesn't do any favours, it doesn't relax you, it keeps your mind active which is of course bad if you're trying to go to sleep. So that is why I would advise not watching or looking at a screen an hour or two before bed because it stimulates your mind and it keeps you awake, it makes it harder to fall asleep and especially if anyone watching these videos, if you're suffering with insomnia and you find it hard to go to sleep then this is a really important thing to realise that artificial light sources stimulate your mind and keep you awake. There are of course other things at play there for other videos but that is a really big one, artificial light sources, they stimulate mind, they keep you awake. So I hope this answers your question, that is why it affects the way you dream because of course it keeps you awake. So I hope this answers your question, if you have any questions please send them into the channel. I have recently started a Patreon page which is a way in which you can support me making these videos by donating a small monthly amount and I've had a couple of patrons already and I'm very grateful to you guys, thank you very much. So I'll post a link to that if you would like to support me. With this support I can do cool things like you may notice the video intro and exit for this video, that is made possible by your donations of course. So anything you can donate to me for these videos will be greatly appreciated. If you have any other questions please do email me, send a message to the YouTube channel, social media, whatever is easiest for you. Okay see you in the next video.


So, we've got a true freezer. Temperatures begin warmer and warmer. Get in here and we look at it and what did I find? Inside the fan blade block in my view. It's frozen up. So, we're going to get this thing taken apart and see what's going on. Look at that. Looks like it might be stuck there. Well, before we touch anything, let's go ahead and put a little mark on it. A good chance that thing might be stuck there. Just give it a few minutes and see if it turns. It hasn't defrosted in a little while. Alright, so I waited and it didn't move. So, I went ahead and rotated it. It did not click when I rotated it. It should have been going into it or it was coming out of it. And obviously it was running. Went ahead and unplugged it there so that I wasn't making any worse. Anyhow, made the next rotation and it went ahead and went into defrost. And we are pulling our amperage. This clock just seems a little backwards. Compared to what I'm normally used to. Normally one and two is my power coming in. This one here. I don't know, it looks different. Whatever, I guess. The principles are the same. Generally what I'll do is I'll flip it on the backside and look and see how it's set up. That way I know which one is my clock and which one is my commons. And which one is my feed circuit. To my defrost and which one to my compressor. I'm most likely going to need to get a new clock on here. And we're going to see if we can get this ice to melt away. Because it's a block bice in there. Okay, so here's the backside of it. And the bottom ones still are my commons if you want to think of it like that. They just picked corny numbers for whatever. So you can see the clock is tracking time. Not exactly sure why it didn't do what it needed to do. Must be a gear in here that's ripped up. Okay, I remarked it again just because I can feel it moving on the backside. It seems to be tracking now.  So I'm wondering if my defrost termination is kicking it out. Possibly, prematurely. Looks like our tube heater, drain heater here seems to be working but we've got, it looks like water backing up. So we may have a plug drain line too. I can feel the heat there. Yeah, it may be draining just so much of it that you couldn't get it out fast enough. I'm kind of curious to know what I end up finding when this is all said and done. And so a good portion of it here wasn't insulated. As we're tearing into it, I noticed a lot of oil down here. So there's a good chance we have a leak so we're going to scan that real quick. You'll see the water starting to drain a lot through over there. I'm going to get the leak detector out to see if I can find anything. Oil looks okay at least in the compressor. I'm going to re-insulate this thing too. Something I did notice is the hand sanitizer with the alcohol will set this leak detector off to a heartbeat. So watch getting that around your hands. And it's been a little while. I, uh, you know I'm even near there. So that was about three minutes ago that I did that. I'm not picking up anything on this at all. Nothing down here at all, nothing on my filter dryer. Put a little tape on there to hold it together. I'll put some split on there. It's better than nothing. It's a lot better than what they had. It's not sure. This will probably not form real great, but we've got to do something. We'll add some tape here to hold it in place. Alright, so we've got our gauges hooked up there. We get this insulated. Looks a lot better. And we're basically just waiting for this thing to finish up. It's about done. It's even got the inside of the coil. So we're going to see if this pressure is alright. I'm surprised it hasn't kicked out, honestly. I set it for 40, 50 minutes and I don't know if it's quite been that long. So check to see what I got. There's a very fine, fine area of ice up there yet. Alright, so we're not pulling any amperage at all on our heaters. Obviously our compressor's not running. There's something interesting. The clock's 120 volts. The pressure's 212. Do we have a neutral on this thing? I haven't checked the plug yet. Yep, it's a Mold 8 voltage. So some of it's 120, some of it's 240. A little bit of both. You've got a neutral of two hots and a ground. It kicked out the defrost clock just a moment ago. The limit's what pretty much shut it down. So defrost termination didn't kick out the clock, but the limit opened. So I'm not too impressed on that. I have a feeling that limit might be acting up or the defrost termination might be acting up. The fans ain't coming on yet. That's a good sign. Now we're to the compressor. You see it's going up there to the white leg, going to the plug. That's why you definitely wouldn't want to plug a cheater cord in there. You get 120 volts for what you think and it's 230. Really pulling 5.1. I don't know what this compressor's rated at. Okay, so they don't have the full rated load amps or anything on there. So we're going to look this up. Okay, so it must have satisfied the switch. That's running. They're on 6 amp area. So we're not pulling very hard on it, that's for sure. It may go to 4D Frost per 24 hours instead of what we got. And I think I'm going to change this clock because everything so far is showing pretty good. Everything screams that clock's bad and it's missing every now and again. So we're going to change it. The refrigerant's fine. Coils are de-iced. Everything looks fine. The limits worked out. The termination didn't seem right. I may recommend we change that in addition to the clock. The termination could always be kicking it out. But I have seen where the gears act up in the middle. We're just going to get another one in there. Alright, so we went ahead and got the clock that matches that up. So I didn't have to figure out all the weird wiring. We were still not getting a defrost amperage. Yet you've seen in the beginning of the video that we did. Well, come to find out. We have a limit switch that is going bad on it. So I'm going to go ahead and bypass it for now. We're going to order a new one. I'm going to go ahead and go with a new clock. Just because this one here gives me more flexibility. So that's going to wrap this one up. I'm going to be good to go. Alright, so we got a cooler here. They called in over time. Basically they said it's 60 degrees in here. Checking the defrost clock. It's not in defrost. Fans are running. Thermostats set okay. Alright, so this unit is really, really hot up on top. Fans not running. First thing I'm going to do is check my pressure switches here and see if one of them are shutting it down. Because if it was just thermal overload, it would still be running the fan. So, let's see what we got going on there. Looks like I just got another service call too. I got to go on. Today's on call. Okay, so we have plenty of pressure up here, but we don't have pressure switch here closing. So when we jump it out, system runs. The fan ain't on yet. The pressure switch may not have closed. Give that a moment. They just turned the pressure switch click. The fan didn't come on. It appeared like it's got power. Let me check it here real quick. I can hear it starting to overheat. Let's just check over here real quick. Or we can follow it up. Yeah, you can hear the internal relief valve button move here. Alright, so he's able to sweep this thing off and like I've showed in the past, I use my sweeper and then this pet brush here. This thing works out great. Basically, you can clean these coils right up and get them cleaned right out. No problem at all. So it's, compared to what it was, it's pretty doggone good. So you can actually see light through it and then it also cleans up the floor or anything that's down there on that. Alright, so unfortunately, I couldn't catch nothing on video. We got full sight glass. Check the pressure switches. We got the new motor in there. It's labeled. I wouldn't have had such easy reach from somebody getting into it. I'd left that off. I blew this all out with nitrogen and then I put a little piece of cardboard to keep it from rattling. This thing is beyond tired. It's went to sleep. It has Alzheimer's and I mean it just, but it's still running. So like I said, we got the inside cleaned up, fans running, fan blades just to touch. You know, in my area everybody wants to just fix things. Maybe you guys live in Beverly Hills where everybody just replaces everything. That's not how it is around here. So suction's getting cold. Defrost block is looking good. They put all the product that was really perishable in the freezer so it gave off some of the heat. Now they're putting it back in the cooler and the thing's up and going. If I had my GoPro, I probably could have let it go often. So anyhow, you can. So that's good enough for now. We'll use this video for one of my other fillers. So if you like the video, please like, share, and subscribe. And we'll catch you on the next one.


I mean, I'll stand on this, but I don't really see how that's supposed to help. In the US, after completing undergraduate in medical school, MDs who want to actually do medicine are required to complete a residency, three to seven years of on-the-job training in a specific discipline, with gradually increasing degrees of responsibility and autonomy before they're finally licensed to practice in their state.  The term originally stems from the fact that aspiring doctors were expected to live in the hospital to become residents there. Conditions vary according to the field, but most residents work more than 70 hours a week. They get a mandated 24 hours off every seven days, and even that is sometimes granted because they're transitioning from daytime shifts to nighttime shifts, or vice versa, just so they can flip their sleep schedule. This time off is usually accompanied by the threat of jeopardy, of being called in to work with 20 minutes notice if the hospital is short staffed for any reason. Also, the 24 hour mandate is an average, not a periodic guarantee. Nothing stops the hospital from requiring residents to work for half a month straight, then granting two days off in a row. It was affectionately termed a golden weekend. Many actually prefer this schedule because if they only have one day off, they really only have time to catch up on sleep before they're back at work, with no time left over to take care of the normal life stuff like taxes and grocery shopping that don't go away simply because you're working hard. On average, residents can expect to work around four shifts a month that exceed 28 hours, a length of time that isn't just absurd to demand someone to remain awake, but has serious adverse effects on health. These long shifts are frequently justified on medical grounds. Transferring a patient from one team to a different team can be risky, so keeping the same people working as long as possible can minimize the number of handoffs and help to reduce the odds that an important fact about the patient gets overlooked by a team that's seen them for the first time. But the average duration of a patient staying in the hospital is four and a half days, meaning that while insanely long shifts might reduce the total number of handoffs, when they do happen, the resident signing out still has to communicate all the important nuance of that medical context, now after having been awake for a day in change. To maintain continuity, nurses usually work in teams with staggered shifts, so even when one person leaves and another arrives, there's always someone on the team who knows the patient's history and treatment plan. And as a result, they usually work reasonable shifts, not so for residents. A recent study suggests that strict limits on resident hours don't affect patient outcomes either way. And as is frequently the case, hospitals took this to mean patient outcomes don't improve with shorter shifts, so there's no reason to change. While active in the hospital, not only are they expected to pay close attention to acquire the final skills that they need to be good doctors, but they're invariably tasked with a substantial amount of scut work, tedious or otherwise undesirable jobs for highly trans-specialists, like calling insurance companies to ask if they'll cover certain medications or filling out routine documentation. Depending on which department they're rotating in, this tedium may be punctuated by occasional gunshot victims, cancer diagnosis, maybe informing new parents that their child won't live another week. Even MDs hoping to go into a less intense field like dermatology have to experience some incredibly traumatic situations while they're doing residency. And all of this was before the additional stress of COVID. The average income for this grueling, physically draining, emotionally harrowing workload is around $60,000 a year, which, if you cap things, is an optimistic 10 hours per day, comes out to about 20 and a half bucks an hour, around the same rate that they'd earn if they were employed as stock workers. A substantial portion of which will be used to pay down years worth of student loans, which on average exceeds $200,000. Now, if you're a sane person, working under those conditions for three to seven years just to be eligible for employment in your state doesn't sound great, but after accumulating an enormous amount of student debt, newly minted MDs don't have a lot of options. They're not in any position to negotiate with the institutions employing them. The nationwide algorithm that once a year matches new med school graduates to resident programs essentially locks those graduates into a contract with their selected organization. They can't legally pursue residency anywhere else. So the only way to eventually be qualified to work in the job they've trained for for the better part of a decade, the only way to earn the money necessary to pay down those astronomically expensive loans is to shut up and deal with whatever conditions they find when they start working for as long as necessary. Medical institutions transparently take full advantage of this fact whenever they hire staff, casually assuming that they'll have a captive workforce of residents who can't quit working tirelessly to get stuff done. Well, I say can't quit, but in some cases after working in these conditions for comparatively low hourly wages with their exceptionally competitive four year graduate degrees, with little time off and unapologetic exploitation as low cost, highly skilled labor in a frequently traumatic environment run by an organization with no incentive to do anything but bleed them dry. Some residents make a practically irreversible decision to leave those programs and the path to being doctors to pursue opportunities in fields that don't require a medical license. Biotech corporations, research companies, there are all sorts of employers who are looking for people with an MDs training and work ethic, even if they're not full on doctors. Employers who only ask that they work 40 hours a week offer a decent amount of pay time off and rarely ask their employees to console families while loved ones are dying. That's got to sound attractive to even the most diehard gunners after a few weeks of frantic 14 hour shifts where there's no time to sit down, let alone eat or go to the bathroom. People who work in medicine call this, I think it's safe to say, wholly justified departure from the meat grinder of residency, burnout, which is a brilliant PR move echoed in all sorts of articles and think pieces that raise the alarm about burnout and ask what can be done to prevent it. Specifically, what can be done to keep residents from making that decision without changing the working conditions that are very clearly driving them to do so. If you do a quick Google search on burnout, you'll find an impressive number of self-help guides many published by medical institutions on how to keep yourself from burning out, building resilience, how to push through. Some teaching hospitals hire therapists to be visited outside of work hours obviously and encourage residents to really make the most of their days off to restore their mental and emotional wellbeing so they can come back and work. To combat the routine lack of sleep, which any doctor will tell you is bad for memory, cognition, mood regulation, immune response, all sorts of important stuff, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education recommends strategic napping, especially after 16 hours of continuous work. All of this exceedingly helpful advice carries the unstated implication that if the structure of the medical system makes things hard for residents, it's their problem for them to work at, you know, some time when they're not working. This move reframes the wholly rational decision to leave an abusive work environment and do something that sucks less, maybe something that pays more as a flaw of a character, a failure of metal. We don't ask what specific conditions made residents reconsider their career path after years of cutthroat competition and dedicated study. Why they might make such drastic and substantial life changes all to stop working at their chosen vocation. By shifting the whole conversation to be about how to enable these individuals to soldier on when they feel like quitting, we slightly imply that quitting isn't a valid, reasonable response to the situation. A situation where their wellbeing and happiness isn't even part of the conversation, only the extents of what they can be made to endure. These conditions are familiar to everyone who's worked in a hospital and have been for more than a century. Many older doctors can recount war stories of residencies that make the nightmare that I'm describing sound relatively tame. We've known about this abuse for all that time and the conversation about what adverse effects these working conditions might have on the people who work in healthcare to keep us alive and healthy was only kicked off in the past 20 years or so. When some folks started worrying that maybe that unending torrent of sleep deprivation and stress might be hampering their ability to work effectively for us. Again, the conversation isn't about them or their desires. It's about their productivity and performance in maximizing our benefit. There are a lot of things wrong with the American medical system. Costs are insane compared to costs in almost any other country. Health outcomes are not great. There's also a doctor shortage in the U.S. right now which partially explains why hospitals rely so heavily on the incredible work ethic and dedication of these individuals to keep people healthy as best they can. In this situation, every person who makes it through medical school is an incredibly valuable resource for saving lives and every such person who makes the decision to leave residency, either because they realize it's not worth it or they have nothing left to give is a tremendous societal loss.  And if that's the way things keep running, we shouldn't be surprised if we find fewer and fewer people zealous or stupid enough to take that deal, which will only make the situation worse for those who stay. I'm angry about this because there's someone I care about. One of the most stoic, tireless, patient, compassionate and hardworking people I've ever met who's struggling desperately under the abuse of a system that is coldly and strategically strip binding them for everything that it can. I can't ask you to care about them, but even if you don't feel anything for the brutal lives of aspiring doctors, maybe take a moment to reflect on how that engine of abuse, what they call burnout, is thinning the ranks of people trying to keep you alive. Do you know anybody who works in medicine? What do you think of the phenomenon of burnout and the residency paradigm that's causing it? Please leave a message below and let me know what you think. Thank you very much for watching. Don't forget to blah, blah, subscribe, blah, share and don't stop thunking.


What's going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards doing a four box basketball mixer for Barry G Got one twenty one twenty two contenders optic basketball in three twenty one twenty two Panini prism choice basketball So good luck here Barry start with contenders optic here See Barry can continue this unreal heater man Play in the numbers game pick and roll comminga and Steph Curry at the eight out of seventy five Base Spencer Dinwiddie base Jamal Murray at hollow and nice 81 out of 99 Jalen Suggs There we go. Great way to start it right there. Nice Suggs On-card rookie ticket auto. Hopefully you can get healthy All right now. We've got your three prism a choice Silver Chris Boucher silver bones Highland nice one there. Well centered on that one, too Tyrese Maxi Anthony Simons Hakeem Elijah one auto is gonna be Jaden Springer for the 76ers Nice one there and we've got to 88 Luca Garza 54 out of 88 and nice one here Usman Garuba 7 out of 15 on the rookie for the Rockets Nice one there Alright next prism choice. Yeah, see a nebula. That'd be awesome dude. He's so awesome Finally check nebula off my list.  Yes, it is Always the God bless you there you go for the Knicks and our number cards green red scope to 88 Eric Gordon and Kenyon Martin jr. 10 of 15 for the Rockets I'll do it for your break there Barry. Thanks as always my man. We'll get those right out to you, buddy


We migrated to Canada in 1986 and have raised up my children in Canada. Worked as financial advisor and in 2006 we returned back to the Philippines working as peace worker and established a social enterprise called Coffee for Peace. My husband and I wanted to give back to our country. We decided to go back to the Philippines but not in Manila, but we went to Mindanao. We have no relatives there. We have no friends. We put a peace house and that peace house we serve coffee. We invited the rebel, we invited the military and we just want to listen and we said no guns allowed in the peace house. Migration can be considered as a useful strategy for doing business in the country because most of these people who have gone abroad were able to bring back the best practices that they have experienced and seen there in their places of assignment. I hire people because they are willing to learn about this mission that we are doing. So most of them are out of school youth, no experience, no job experience and I basically have to train them. Cooking, barista, I enroll them for barista training so that they would learn. With the farmers I have to train them on what the market are expecting from the kind of coffee they wanted. And with the training that we have provided from processing coffee we integrated our peace building course that my husband created. So we teach them peace and reconciliation, conflict management, conflict resolution. We were assisted by other local agencies like Department of Trade and Industries and other international NGOs to connect with Specialty Coffee Association and through them the farmers have an avenue to go to Seattle and brought their coffee. So that brought confidence to the farmers and when they go back home powerful story. One part of my dream that the farmers will be able to go outside the Philippines and showcase their coffee. We support social enterprises here because in most cases these are also becoming to be our partners here in the provision of our various interventions. Some organizations provide capital, others provide the market and others simply just give them all the opportunities that they need. So they can promote, advertise and do what other perhaps support services that these individuals need from us. Starting a coffee shop, it's a business. I don't know how to do registering your business here in the Philippines and all the things that you needed. So I have to grab whatever opportunity that I can to get training. ISIP offered acceleration program. The Innovation for Social Impact Partnership project it's a development program that actually aims to support social enterprise in the Philippines to be able to contribute to integration and achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals or the SDGs. I pitch and there were several of us that pitched to them why we should be accepted by ISIP. Thank God, I was picked. We provided a year of support which includes mentoring also investor roundtables. We also provided them entrepreneurship lectures and workshops or learning sessions. We also did a pitch karaoke for them to kind of train them how to talk, how to pitch in a very concise way. ISIP gave me that space to learn and to journey. And then they have created a program where I could follow and see the progress of my business. We have a big number of population that are working overseas. A good number of them are coming back for certain reasons and that is what is now being focused on by our government how to reintegrate these individuals who have worked for a long time in overseas countries and then coming back. I migrated to a place where I have never been before Mindanao. But am I a migrant of Mindanao? Thank you.


What does it take to become a successful trader? How can you overcome emotions and boost performance? Check out these performance tips from the former director of strength and conditioning at the New York Yankees, Dana Cavaletta. To become a champion in anything, it's hard, right? It takes discipline, it takes focus, it's an attitude. And most importantly, I always say it takes a champion's mindset because there's so many ways for us to get off track. So it's really important that you're able to maintain your focus, both in the short term and in the long term. And that's very difficult for people. And the one thing that athletes do really well that great traders do as well is they have an ability to separate from their emotions. They don't make decisions based on emotions, they make decisions based on their instincts.  You're never going to trade to absolute perfection. So stop trying. Stop trying to be a perfect trader. Be a competitive trader that uses instinct and education and acquired knowledge to be great. How do you separate from your emotions? How do you do this? And I have a simple diagram that I put together and I say, to get to that state, right, you have to have, you have habits and you have routines and those determine your results, right? If you have negative habits and you have negative routines, you're going to get negative results. If you have positive habits, positive routines, the chances of you having positive results go way up. So what do we do? We start teaching habits. What time do you wake up? What time do you go to bed? Very important.  Because trading is competitive. It's going to call upon you in a very deep way, in an emotional way. If you're strong and physical and you train your body, in turn you're going to strengthen your mind and you're going to feel more comfortable separating from your emotions. Some people may be out there and saying, wait, this guy's telling me I have to be in great shape to be a trader. And I'm telling you, yes, because you're going to have to be in great shape physically and mentally to endure what it is that trading is going to give you and bring you both the positive in terms of the financial gain and the success, but also the negative, which is going to strip you naked and make you feel very vulnerable at times. So you have to be ready for both. Get your habits right and then you have to be consistent in those habits and that consistency in your habits, that becomes your day-to-day routine. Now, players like Derek Jeter, some of the greatest players in the world, they know that there are going to be times that you're going to fail, but that doesn't mean you're a failure. There's going to be times as a trader that you get bad results.  It just means you didn't have a good day. That's the sport. That's the game. That's what trading is, but trading is also an average. It's not what you do today. It's what you do over a 365-day year or it's based on what you do every day you sit down to trade. That's what it's based on and that's what I speak a lot about. I try to talk to traders to grab a hold of their emotional state and not allow outcomes to drive their decision-making and not allow the outcome to determine who they are as a person and who they are as a trader. And it's super, super important to grab a hold of that. The greatest traders, the greatest CEOs, the greats of private equity, the great athletes, they are all very secure in who they are and they realize that there is no amount of wealth that they can achieve that will make them secure. Security starts with yourself and that's how great traders become great traders. They're not looking for a big score to feel great about themselves. They expect a great score over time because they have great habits and they have great routines and they're very secure in themselves. The other thing I say is you got to know why you play the game that you're playing. Why are you trading? How much do you need to earn to live the life that you want to live? These are all really important questions that most people don't ask. Most people go out every day and they try and hit a home run as a trader, but remember, if you are positive today, that's a good day. If you're positive tomorrow, it's a good day. I work with guys that say, hey, I made $4,000 and they're upset because they didn't make five. I said, well, you could have made zero or you could have lost $4,000. So you got to realize that we're at the casino, right? We're trying to take all the chips and we're trying to pull them over to our side, but sometimes we take just a couple of chips.   It's an exercise. It's called the horizon line, okay? So it's simply this, right? When we look out at a horizon, what's above the horizon? Is the sun, right? The sun is above the horizon. So we look at the sun is all positive, optimistic, success, everything that we want is above the line. Everything below the line is negative. It's slow. It's, it's all dark. So as a trader, when you're below the line, you need to do things to peak yourself above the line. And for me, that's a focus shift. I call it mind shifting. You just mind shift yourself above the line. Hey, I'm feeling down and things aren't going well. Oh my God, what am I going to do? Hey, I'm going to take action and I'm going to move myself towards where it is that I have to go. So you move yourself above the line. And that allows you to say, Hey, I lost today. That's a below the line thing. But mentally, I'm going to move myself above the line because tomorrow I'm going to go out to win. So listen, to be, to be great at anything, it takes a lot of confidence and self belief. So you have to prime that in your brain. You have to put that there. Nobody's going to put it there for you. So what I say is, if you're feeling weak and not really confident, the first thing you should say is I am strong. I am confident. I am strong. I am confident and keep putting that in your head. So I say, listen, most people shower every day. That's a great time to prime your pump and get yourself primed up to take on your day. I'm ready to go. I'm a champion today. I'm going to trade like a champion. I'm going to have a great day. I'm going to manage my energy. I'm going to have great energy today when I sit down to trade. I'm going to have a successful day. I'm going to compete today as a trader. You haven't even traded yet.


William James came into the American philosophical tradition during a time period where it yearned for an intellectual voice which he could call its own. It's not that there were no other great philosophical minds present at the time of his ascension, but that no other carried within them, so genuinely, the American spirit. He spoke in a racy vernacular and with a force and directness which made his philosophy of pragmatism and reserve energy the mental correlate of the practical and strenuous Roosevelt. He was born in New York City on January 11, 1842, and though his early adolescent years were spent in American schools, he, along with his brother Henry, would be sent away to study in France. This was a choice made by their father, likely secondary to the rising tensions caused by the impending American Civil War. While here, he and Henry would eventually fall in with the works of the French psychopathologists such as Charcot. Upon his return to America, shortly after the end of the war, James would seek and gain employment at Harvard in 1870. He taught many different subjects including anatomy and physiology, psychology, and philosophy. Of his many works it was The Principles of Psychology which he is primarily remembered for, though in this video we will focus on the works of his later years. These include the will to believe, pragmatism, a pluralistic universe, the meaning of truth, and essays in radical empiricism. It would be difficult to cover so much material in such a short time, so I will give to the best of my ability a comprehensive summary of these later works. The basic principles of his philosophy may be most clearly uncovered in the only work to be published after his death, essays in radical empiricism, 1912. The development of this new empiricism was primarily brought on by the tendency of old empiricists to overlook connections, causality, and meaning, thus, in James's view, missing the mark. What radical empiricism is, is defined by James in his 1909 work, The Meaning of Truth. It is comprised of a postulate, a statement of fact, and a generalized conclusion. The postulate is that the only things that shall be debatable among philosophers shall be things definable in terms drawn from experience. The fact is that the relations between things, conjunctive as well as disjunctive, are just as much matters of direct particular experience, neither more so, nor less so, than the things themselves. The conclusion is that the parts of experience hold together from next to next by relations that are themselves part of experience. The directly apprehended universe needs, in short, no extraneous trans-empirical connective support, but possesses in its own right a concatenated or continuous structure. This form of empiricism is different from, but based on, his metaphysical principle of pure experience, which states that the relations between distinct things are as real as the things themselves. It is a mistake, James thought, to suppose that there must be an underlying cause, a guiding force, that stands outside of the natural world. Our consciousness is but a system of relations. What we perceive in thought is reality itself, not some Kantian phenomenon. So, for James, there is no inquiporial soul lying beneath the inquiporial body. The soul, in his view, is simply the grand total of our experience. It is clear that James was not so enamored as his contemporaries with the German metaphysics which made its way into the American philosophical scene. He would endeavor to show that these abstractions, which were espoused so irrefutably, perhaps because so unintelligibly, were but the ramblings of madmen. The way in which he would demonstrate this novel conclusion came to him courtesy of Charles Pierce. It was in his essay, How to Make Our Ideas Clear, that Pierce said that to find the meaning of an idea, we must examine the consequences to which it leads in action. From this premise, James wrote his 1907 book, Pragmatism. Among his numerous books, Pragmatism is perhaps the easiest read. Inside are six basic tenets which he discusses. Here we will briefly review each of them, these being a philosophical temperament, a theory of truth, a theory of meaning, a holistic account of knowledge, a metaphysical view, and a method of resolving philosophical arguments. Being in the first chapter, James looks to separate philosophers according to their individual temperament. He said the history of philosophy is, to a great extent, that of a certain clash of temperaments. Of whatever temperament a professional philosopher is, he tries, when philosophizing, to sink the fact of his temperament. He thought that philosophers are more likely to choose their beliefs based upon this individual temperament rather than objective truth or logical reasoning. He classifies them as either tough-minded or tender-minded, while the pragmatist is a sort of mediator which stands between the two. He said that the pragmatist will have a scientific loyalty to facts, as well as the old confidence in human values and the result in spontaneity, whether of the religious or romantic type. James defined meaning as, the conceivable effects of a practical kind the object may involve. This can be seen in an argument James brings up about whether or not a man chasing a squirrel around a tree, going the same way, goes around the squirrel as well. What James points out about this argument is that whether or not the man goes around the squirrel or not, there is no observable difference in their consequence and thus have the same meaning. We must, as James so forcibly put, make the distinction of whether or not the outcome is different or the same. If we can do this, then there is no occasion for any further dispute. In chapter 6 James uncovers his theory of truth. In this theory he asks the question of whether truth comes in the form of objective relations or whether it may be relative to human judgment and need. It was his thought that the truth was the cash value of an idea, or rather the truth of an idea is strongly correlated with its practical value in the lives of men. He puts it clearly here. Truth is one species of good, and not, as is usually supposed, a category distinct from good and coordinate with it. The truth is the name of whatever proves itself to be good in the way of belief. James's view on epistemology does not fall far from what has been traditionally accepted by most of the western philosophers of history. He believed that there could be only three conclusions to any particular investigation. Either it must conclude in belief, disbelief, or doubt. He classifies disbelief as negative belief and doubt as the opposite of both belief and disbelief. In the process of our investigation, if we come about something which contradicts what we believe to be real, it is constituted as disbelief. Though if something comes about which, though fundamental and valuable, does not meet the requirements to be justified as known, we categorize this as doubt. These unknowable beliefs thought James were God, immortality, freedom, and moral duty. In his essay, The Will to Believe, James expounds upon what he calls a genuine option, this being a choice between hypotheses. We can categorize this genuine option as living, personally meaningful, forced, mutually exclusive or involving social relations, and momentous, involving potentially important consequences. A genuine option cannot be known by factual inquiry, and he states that we can and do believe things that are devoid of objective justification, take political and moral judgments for instance. The evidence in these situations will likely be perpetually lacking, and though this be the case, we nevertheless find it difficult to refuse to believe what seems naturally good. If we were to refuse these beliefs, the consequences to our life would be of the negative sort. In turn, James' thought was that when our intellect cannot solve a genuine option, emotionally we must decide. When applied to something like, say, religious conviction, we can say that if the hypothesis of God works satisfactory in the widest sense of the word, it is true. This is important because the simple belief in a fact can help the fact come true. If we remain passive, then the fact in question does not even become possible. Let us view pluralism in terms of how it contrasts with monism and why James believed it to be, regardless of lack and objective evidence, the obvious pragmatic choice between the two. To begin, James abhorred a deterministic universe, which is the typical corollary of monism taken to his extreme. Everything here is fixed, and individuality and illusion. There is no human element, there is no freedom in the sense that what we choose can change what has already been said. While in pluralism, on the other hand, in its different spans and wavelengths, exclusions and developments, is everywhere alive and conscious. Everything is irreverently settled, and what we choose may help to decide the course of our own fate. He said that if there be any life that it is really better that we should lead, and if there be any idea which, if believed in, would help us to lead that life, then it would be really better for us to believe in that idea, unless indeed belief in it incidentally clashed with our other greater vital beliefs. But simply, when we can find no conclusive evidence of a thing, we should side with what we find to be good and practically useful in our lives, in this case, pluralism. The God of James was finite in nature, one helper, primus interparis, in the midst of all the shapers of the great world's fate. He thought that there lies beyond human experience a spiritual world, a world which, when thought of in relation to our own personal consciousness, is not so different from how our world must seem to the lesser animals. In general, he thought that religious experience points with reasonable probability to the continuity of our consciousness, with a greater spiritual environment from which the ordinary prudential man is shut off. James has been perhaps America's greatest, or at least objectively speaking, his most influential philosopher. The sheer number of works that he produced in his 68 years, and the artfulness by which he weaved them together like a heraldic tapestry, is enough to earn him a place among America's heroes. He was a man who came back from crippling depression and near insanity, a man who believed that humanity, though flawed, has the capacity for greatness. He saw in every individual what he called reserve energies, and often extended his hand in an effort for the betterment of all. He was always helping somebody, lifting men up with a contagion of his courage. His influence extends into not only the field of philosophy, but also psychology and religious studies. Among his admirers stand immensely influential names such as Edmund Husserl, Bertrand Russell, John Dewey, and even Wittgenstein. If you too have found something admirable in the philosophy of William James, then let me know in the comments below. And as I know this was not an in-depth view, I have left the various books and sites that I utilized in the making of this video down in the description box. And last, make sure to subscribe to the channel and hit the notification bell to see more videos covering various topics related to Eastern and Western philosophy. As always, thank you for talking philosophy with me. Until next time.


to congratulate India that will continue the leadership as the next G20 presidency. The responsibility to lead and realize the global recovery as well as the strong and inclusive growth will now be at the hands of His Excellency Prime Minister Narendra Modi. I am sure under the leadership of Prime Minister Modi, G20 will keep moving forward. As a friend of India and as a part of Troika next year, Indonesia is ready to support the success of India G20 presidency. I also request all participating G20 leaders to support India next year. Marking the end of Indonesia G20 presidency, I intend to officially hand over the leadership to India as the next G20 presidency. And I'd like to invite Prime Minister Modi to deliver his remarks. Friends, Excellencies, I once again would like to congratulate my friend, President Jokowi. He has given leadership to G20 in this difficult time. And today, I would like to congratulate the G20 community for their hard work. During the G20 presidency, India will try to move ahead with the initiative of Indonesia. For India, it is very important that we, as part of the G20 presidency, are living in this holy land in Bali. India and Bali have a very ancient relationship. Excellencies, India is taking the responsibility of G20 at such a time when the global geopolitical tension, the Arctic Ocean, the Khadhyan, and the rising prices of oil have been rising. At such a time, the global G20 is looking from the perspective of hope. Today, I would like to assure you that India's G20 administration will be inclusive, ambitious, decisive, and axion-oriented. Excellencies, in the next one year, we will try to work like a global prime mover in order to promote the future of the G20. Today, the ownership of ownership is being born on the basis of natural resources. And the main reason for this is the lack of visibility of the environment. For the future of the planet, the ownership of ownership is a solution. In this, life, that is, a lifestyle for the environment.  Its aim is to make a sustainable lifestyle a popular one. Excellencies, today, we need to make sure that the benefits of development are available, and we need to reach the level of human beings. Excellency development is not possible without women's participation. In our G20 agenda, we will have to make progress on women-led development. Without peace and security, we will have to make progress. Without peace and security, our future generations will not be able to take advantage of technological innovation. We will have to give a direct message to the G20 on the basis of peace and prosperity. All these benefits are the basis of the G20 agenda of India. One earth, one family, one future. I am fully aware of this. Excellencies, it is an opportunity for every Indian to make progress on the basis of the G20 agenda. We will make progress on the basis of the G20 agenda in our countries and countries. Our ancestors will get the experience of India's wonderful, diverse, modern and cultural heritage. It is my pleasure that all of you, Mother of Democracy, will be present in this wonderful event in India. Together, we will make the catalyst for the change of the G20 agenda. Thank you very much. Thank you. Leaders, we are now at the end of this G20 summit. Once again, allow me to express my gratitude to you all, Excellencies, and also have a safe trip. Have a safe trip. I hereby declare the G20 summit in Bali of Indonesia hereby closed. Thank you. And the throne of the leadership I convey to Prime Minister Modi of India. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has declared the presidency and has handed over the G20 presidency to Prime Minister Modi. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said in his remarks that the presidency was declared. On top of that, he said that India is focusing on inclusivity. As we say, India is Mother of Democracy. And as far as the local context is concerned, the biggest thing is the G20 summit. On top of that, he said that developing countries should have a link or bridge between developing countries. So that every stakeholder should have a balanced way to maintain this multilateral platform. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's indication was like that.


Today I am announcing we have sued Monsanto for creating, marketing, selling and distributing the toxic chemical substance known as PCBs. On Friday my office filed a case to protect, restore and clean up Vermont's natural resources and schools affected by PCB contamination. We know that Vermont's natural resources including surface waters and aquatic wildlife are contaminated with PCBs and we know that Lake Champlain is severely contaminated with PCBs. There are fish advisories for lake trout, smallmouth bass and yellow perch for Lake Champlain. The lawsuit also seeks to remedy PCB contamination in Vermont's schools. This Vermont is the first state in the nation to bring a case like this. I am using my authority of the Office of Attorney General to seek to recover for harms lunges schools traceable to PCB contamination. I want for Monters to know this could be a long fight and there are no guarantees with litigation but we are in it for the long call. I take very seriously my role of protecting Vermont and Vermonters. I want to thank the Agency of Natural Resources for their collaboration on this case and for their care of Vermont's environment. I would love to introduce everybody who is here today and then I will turn it over to Justin Colber who is our Chief of the Attorney General's Office's Environmental and Public Protection Division. So this is Justin. We also have the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Conservation, John Bealing. Next to the Commissioner we have our two summer associates who are students at Vermont Law School, Chase and Enoki. We also have the Director of our Environmental Unit, Laura Murphy and the Assistant Attorney General assigned to this case, David Galubac. So with that, Justin, why don't you say a few words getting into the details on the case. Thank you, General Clark. I'll provide some more of the legal details of the state's case. As General Clark explained, our case seeks two categories of harm. There are the natural resources harm to our soil and especially our waters, Lake Champlain as General Clark explained has fish advisories. The second category of harm is to Vermont schools and specifically the Vermont Legislature passed a statewide testing program that now includes 321 Vermont schools. All of those 321 schools are currently being tested for PCB contamination. All of those schools will be part of the state's case. So far almost 50 schools have been tested. The testing continues and we're seeing around 30% of the schools coming back with elevated levels of PCBs. At least 13 schools in our complaint are identified at having levels of PCBs that are concerning to the Agency of Natural Resources and the Department of Health. The concern around PCBs is that these are synthetic man-made chemicals. There are no naturally occurring sources of PCBs. They were created to mimic a very fatty lubricant type substance. So they've been used in all kinds of industrial materials over many, many years. They leach out into the environment and we know that the health effects of PCBs include things like thyroid, liver, immune system, reproductive issues and links to cancer. So for those harms in the state of Vermont, our complaint alleges that Monsanto is responsible for those harms. The story of Monsanto's conduct is quite clear. First, Monsanto knew about its toxic product in our complaint week site from Monsanto documents where Monsanto told its own employees, hey, don't eat lunch in the PCB manufacturing floor because our own medical director said, quote, we know PCBs are toxic. In 1969, a Monsanto manager called PCBs, quote, an uncontrollable pollutant. Second, Monsanto knew that the normal use of PCBs would lead to this widespread contamination. For example, in the 1960s, on average, one million pounds of PCBs were going into the nation's highway paints. And there's a Monsanto document that says, quote, through abrasion and leaching, we can assume nearly all of this PCBs winds up in the environment. Another Monsanto memo said, quote, there is no practical course of action to stop global environmental contamination of human food, particularly fish. Third, despite this knowledge from Monsanto, Monsanto outwardly deceives the public. They had conducted their own studies on construction materials that were used in schools. Monsanto knew the volatility of PCBs to break down. And they falsely called PCBs, quote, inert and non-volatile. Monsanto told its customers that PCBs were, quote, practically innocuous. Monsanto told New Jersey regulators that PCBs were, quote, not highly toxic. Why did Monsanto do this? Their own documents give a clear answer, quote, there is selfishly too much Monsanto profit to go out, and, quote, we can't afford to lose one dollar business. For this conduct, our legal claims against Monsanto are several. First, we're bringing nuisance claims that is interfering with the right of our monitors to use and enjoy Lake Champlain, to use and enjoy our schools. We brought product liability claims. That's for Monsanto knowingly putting out a defective product and not warning the public about it. We brought trespass claims, again, for putting PCBs into the Vermont environment in the state of Vermont. We brought negligence claims. And we brought a groundwater claim to protect Vermont's groundwater. The remedies we're seeking in this case, first, all damages and economic losses to our environment and our schools. Second, costs to investigate and test and fully assess Vermont's PCB contamination. Third, the cost to clean up and remediate. Fourth, our full litigation costs to prosecute this case. As General Clark mentioned, we are prepared for this to be a long case and we are prepared to fight it. And I believe we can take questions. So this is the first case of its kind in that we are seeking remedies for schools related to PCB contamination. For us, the legislature passed, I think it's Act 74 in 2021, which initiated the testing program that the Department of Environmental Conservation has been doing. So we're waiting for the test results, which we now have and enabled us to move ahead with this case. I wouldn't say to Vermonters, maybe I'm not alone here that went to one of these schools. Obviously, it's been repeated, it's going to be a long, it's not as a marathon here. What do you say they're going to be watching reading this tonight that they went to these schools, they worked in these schools? Well, the Department of Environmental Conservation is testing those schools and they will be in touch with communities as the testing. So yes, any school that has, so there's two levels to keep in mind. The Department of Health set what are called school action levels. Those are a little higher and those indicate that you need to address and remediate PCBs in those schools. There's a second category called immediate action levels, which are higher than those and they're by age base. There's pre-K, K through 6, and then 7 through 12. So any school above any of those action levels will be notified. It will be in the press, it's public records, it's on our website. So anybody who went to a school that tests above either of those levels will have that information available to them. The Department of Health is the expert in terms of what you should do in terms of seeking medical help. There's some FAQs on their website. So you should be able to figure out whether if you went to one of those schools or worked in one of those schools, what to do about it. It's 2020, there are other schools. I mean, we're not talking two or three schools in the state, we're talking hundreds. So why is this taking so long to get to this point? A regulatory perspective, General Clark mentioned that this is the first case of its kind in the nation. This is the first program of its kind in the nation. We're the first state to do this. So we're ahead of the curve. I mean, I'm not sure what's going to happen in other states. Probably they're going to look at what happens here and see what goes on. But this is the first time that a state has programmatically looked at indoor air contamination in schools. So we got wind of it around three years ago. Legislature passed statute. We started testing. It was a year ago this month that we started testing. So we've been moving forward with all the deliberate speed and we're going to get all those schools tested hopefully in the next two years. There are public, on our website, all the results. We notify the schools first, and then we make it public to the general public. But every school that's been notified, it's on our website. You'll be able to look there and see which schools have been identified as having action levels exceeded. Any other questions for the commissioner? Any other questions about the lawsuit? Yes. All of other states and states have already had settlements with Monsanto, but not related to the school issue. That's where this is normal here in Vermont. About a half dozen states have either brought a suit or settled with Monsanto so far, just on the environmental claims. Vermont is the first to view school claims. The claims were made based on natural resources, not on schools and other states. Well, like I said, I take my role of protecting Vermont and Vermonters very seriously. That's why we've taken the step to hold Monsanto accountable. And there may well be private lawsuits for individuals who do have their own medical harms and injuries. Our role will be to protect the public and have Monsanto be held responsible for all of the public health and harms and certainly any private injuries are available to those who have been directly affected. And I believe there is a private action by Burlington teachers right now that's pending. You talked about the long road. For the viewers to understand that, obviously you can't predict how a trial in case it's going to go. But I guess, where are we? Has this been filed? Is there some timeline to break that down? Sure. This is a civil lawsuit, so we filed on Friday in this court that we're standing in front of. And the next phase is the defendants get to file an answer. There might be motions practice. The discovery period will begin. Meanwhile, the testing program that the commissioner described is ongoing and we'll be getting more and more information about the impact of PCB contamination and the scope of it here in Vermont. And then discovery takes at... Usually it takes years. Ideally it would take months, but usually it takes years. And that's... You work your way in the process. There's lots of opportunities for mediation. And then you set a trial date. Most civil... Overwhelmingly most civil cases don't go to trial. But yeah, that's a lawsuit in a nutshell. Did I miss any highlights? I think that's it, yeah. Would you settle on this? Would I what? Would you settle? I would settle for reasonable terms. This is... The impacts of this are significant. And so any settlement would also need to be significant. And what would I want to go to? Looking XYZ years in the future. How long do you want to know this impact? Look, we don't necessarily know what a settlement or the outcome of a trial would be. But generally the legislature gets to decide how the money is spent in Vermont. So there could be... And we do this frequently. We'll structure a settlement so that there's other direct dollars going to someone. But generally there's the legislature. Is that how you see it? I think that's very... If there were specific damages to individual schools, we may be able to work to come up with those. But in general, you know, it's up to the legislature. All right, no more questions. Thanks for coming, everyone.