FileMaker software makes it quick and easy for you to create your own custom business solutions, so you and your team can manage and share all your important information anywhere. On iPad, iPhone, Desktops, and the web. Popular uses of FileMaker include managing clients, tracking inventory, organizing projects and events, invoicing and quoting, mobile data collection, and managing just about any business information you need to track, so there's no limit to the solutions that you can build. With FileMaker, you can quickly replace your paper or spreadsheet-based business processes with customized solutions that are optimized for your business. Getting started is easy. With FileMaker Pro, your spreadsheets can be instantly converted into fully functional FileMaker solutions or begin with the ready-to-use starter solutions included with FileMaker that you can quickly modify to fit your needs. FileMaker solutions allow you to view your information in a variety of ways, including lists, forms, and tables. Store and manage virtually any type of information, images, spreadsheets, PDFs, documents, videos, sound files, and more. Create custom forms and reports and connect related data such as inventory and sales so you can track information in one place. FileMaker solutions will run seamlessly on iPad, iPhone, and iPod Touch with many native iOS features, but FileMaker solutions do not stop there. Your solutions will also run on Windows, Macs, and the web, so your entire team can easily share data. And FileMaker has an easy-to-use server that allows you to share with larger groups of people, share solutions and files, and integrate with existing business systems. Let's look at four short examples of FileMaker at work in real businesses. Lee Medical created a FileMaker solution running on iPads that enables nurses to provide real-time surveillance, charting, and monitoring of patient information, regardless of the patient's location. Vienna Benetton Megastore armed its salespeople with FileMaker and iPads to allow them to quickly photograph merchandise, scan barcodes, track inventory, see what's in stock, and move inventory off the sales floor and into customers' hands. Austin Convention Center converted its paper-based work orders and booth diagrams into a solution that provides service staff with up-to-the-minute information while virtually eliminating paperwork and reducing response times. Siebri's Farm, a thriving grass-based farm known for its world-class winery, restaurant, charcuterie, butcher, and cheese shop, modernized production and sales management with an integrated FileMaker business system, linking their many different operations. These are just a few of the ways custom solutions built in FileMaker have helped businesses of all types and sizes. Download a free trial and start creating your own custom solutions today.


Live! And there's already comments. Can you try God Shiva? Yeah, I will get into Hindu mythology at some point, but not today. He said he knew so little Hindu mythology that he needed to do better research for storytelling and to not misrepresent. He might explore Shiva in casual videos. He's going to do it himself. That is a succinct answer. I do know a little bit about Hindu mythology, but it's one thing when you're talking about something like Nourish mythology where there are no direct connections to any living believers in it. The neo-pagan Nourish mythology is a separate thing. If I get details wrong, then it's not that important. But when dealing with things like Christianity, Hinduism or any other living religion, it's more important to get the details right, so that not in order to not offend anyone, but in order to know that if I offend anyone, then I can stand for what I'm saying. Good morning, Munna! Excited for Scott's collab. Yes, that will happen tomorrow. Hello from Denmark. Let's turn the camera around and get this party started. Like this. Yesterday's Inktober is Pinktober drawing. The prompt word was the thing you shouldn't say, and we came up with Speak of the Devil and you'll hear him flap his wings. Hinduism is so diverse that your mistake would probably be someone's belief. Yeah, but that's the same with Christianity and Islam and Buddhism. Big religions are really, really diverse. And it's more about knowing that I can stand for what I'm saying. Today on this Inktober is Pinktober, daily October drawing. I will be trying to make my quickest Inktober is Pinktober drawing, because I have other things I want to draw. So we need to hurry up and let's get to the prompt word for today. Okay. Let's get some pink ink. Okay, so we'll write Pinktober 23. And today's prompt word from Stuart Sample's Pinktober prompt list is Sweet on Friday the 13th. That is, would you ever collab with Jessa? That's the Australian guy doing fun art videos, right? Yes, I would collab with any cool artist, especially doing different stuff than me. That is the exciting part. So 13. Now let's draw something sweet. Kitten name suggestions. I don't know. What does the chat say about kitten name suggestions? Happy to new kittens, by the way. Let's draw something sweet. Sweet tooth. We could do a sweet tooth. What I'm going for now. Sweet leaf. When I first met you, I didn't realize. I can't forget you and your surprise. I agree with the ones saying that we need to know the color before suggesting any kitten names. That's important. So if you're going with a mythological name, you could go with Hugen and Munen, but they are female kittens, females. Then you shouldn't go with that. Then you could go with... Now, my mind is blanking out right now. Abadan and Asmodeus, that you could go with. Cats traditionally are associated with the devil and demons, so demonic names is good. I also do not remember the names of the cats drawing Freja's wagon. Shiva, Shakti. Oh! So that is Begull and Treigull. But they are... Are they golden cats? Athena and Artemis, that could go, but for black you should have Nyx and... So what's from Greek mythology? Nyx and... Rain, slow! You could go with Nyx and Hecate, but I wasn't thinking. I was thinking of... Is it Nyx and Chaos? Nyx and Nemesis, Persephone and Hecate is possible. All is possible in love and war and cats' names. Nyx and Erebus, deities of the day, night cycle... No, Nyx and... I don't remember. I don't even remember what my point is. I am a big fan, thank you! Vesna and Marona. Nyx and Discordia sounds nice. Oh, from Cyprus. Love your drawing a lot and you're my inspiration. Love your drawings a lot. Thank you, thank you so much. Lytton Kittinson. So good to hear. It's a very strange and thankful position, privileged position to be in, to have people call you their inspiration. That is joyful, unexpected and a bit scary. A bit scary, better than I could do. I couldn't even draw a stickman. But you could draw a stickman and most people can draw a stickman if they have hands and even if they don't. And loads of great art is made with stickmen. The point of art is to communicate and if you manage to communicate through stickmen then that is better than not being able to communicate through hyper-realism. There's plenty of people who are not able to communicate even though they are great artists. So even if you don't have hands, it seemed like a joke but it wasn't. We are subscribing to the Foot and Mouth Artist Association's Christmas card and that's people who don't have mobility or don't have hands and they can draw and they can paint and some of them are really good. A lot of them don't really communicate that much with their art because it is... But some of them do and that is really special and then that's the point. The technique isn't the point. I have worked a lot on my technical skills, sure. But the technical skill doesn't get you anywhere without also focusing on what you're communicating. Whether that be storytelling or it's more just in terms of moods or ideas you have to communicate something. Tips about drawing antlers. Yes, the best tip about drawing antlers is study antlers. It's not more difficult than that. If you want to draw antlers, then find pictures of antlers. Read up on antlers. Read how they form, why they form, like they do. Differences between different types of antlers. Then you draw them all and you draw first, you draw from photos and then you try to find the structures of drawing them and then that's what you do. Yo, YouTube's new features. What are YouTube's new features? I haven't paid attention. Short slimes. Yes, yes, yes. Whenever you press the go live, it says that doing it in the short format is preferred and that's also preferred for me because I can easily read from my phone like this. Beautiful ink art. Oh my God, I'm in live. Thank you. Short live is now a thing. Yes, and I'll try to keep this live short as well because I have a couple of other things I want to draw today before I make dinner for the wife and the kid. Just one kid at home today. When do you think you'll hit one million? I try not to think about it that much. It stopped at around a little bit below 300,000 for a while. Now it's growing. It would be very nice if it continued growing and reaching a million this year would be very nice. I would love that. But it's not just about the numbers. I do love the numbers. I like having the numbers high. It feeds my ego, but it is also about connection. So I would rather have a few loyal people, fans, followers that really connect with my art than have millions of years that are more casual. The idea is to try to grow in a way that is reflecting of my personality so that the people who follow me don't just follow me because I draw black metal art or they don't just follow me because I draw monsters.  They follow me ideally for all of the things because they like what I do and they like that I do a lot of different stuff. This is the sweetest thing I've drawn in ages. It just happened this way. I had periods of my life where I've made my living more or less doing art for kindergartens and for birthday parties and stuff like that. That was a lot of art in this style. And that was not fun. That felt soulless and empty and it felt wrong. But switching it up and sometimes doing something unbearably cute feels just right. It is. I love this stuff. I just don't love it every day. Pink kitties, pink kitties. Why are you so cute and pink? What's t-o-t-k-k? Tears of the Kingdom. I love it. I don't know if I liked it as much as Breath of the Wild but I absolutely adored it. I need to do another playthrough or just try to get all the Koroks or something to figure out if I like it better than Breath of the Wild. But it's an amazing game to adore your art and information. Thank you. Can you draw monsters from Slavic mythology? One day I will do that but I need to research and do it proper like. But it has taught me so much about folk stories and myth but also about well-being and bettering oneself. That I must say, thank you. Thank you for saying. I must go for meditation. Have a great meditation. I suck at meditation but I do a lot of more casual mindfulness things in my daily life and there are meditative aspects of my art not that I get to do right now when I'm drawing for you guys but I've incorporated meditative techniques into my art for ages. It's been a focus since I was 17. In miniature wargaming we often paint the same style of minis for weeks but we need a different thing. I currently paint bones all the time then I painted an orc because I wanted to paint green.  Your art style is so distinctive, I love it and this is kind of outside of my regular art style I would say, isn't it? Pink kittens isn't what most people follow me for I think maybe I've judged my audience wrongly. Have you ever drawn a dragon? Have I ever? Have I ever? Someone in the chat can probably answer that. Yes, I have drawn dragons. I've drawn so many dragons you wouldn't believe how many dragons I've drawn. I've drawn ridiculous amounts of dragons and some of my dragons are my most seen art and we're not just talking hundreds of thousands have been seen the videos but like tens of millions it's kind of insane how many have seen my dragon drawings. And I appreciate it very much. This is the best feeling to meditate within your expression. Yes, play music and it's flow and it's meditative. That is, Conan, what is good in life? To meditate and find the flow in the art you perform. That is good. Your dragons are kick-ass Kim. Thank you. New YouTube short live feature? Yes, they're pushing that so I oblige. That is more practical for me because then it's easier for me to read your comments as well. Let's just go all out with these cute kittens and then end the stream. Do I ever clean up my table? It's clean. No, it's not. Very occasionally. And I do. My wife despairs I get a little bit out of it if my drawing area is too clean. This messy is not good because I can't find anything but too clean is not good either because I get frustrated. Can't seem to find the flow when it's too clean around. So I need to find some sort of middle ground. Okay, I wanted to do a short live maybe just like 20 minutes but we've already gone to... We've already gone to 26 minutes but I'm done with this one and that will be my only image for today but I will stick around and answer a few questions if you have them and I will also say that if you like my art even if you like art like this then you should go to my web page den ungehardholm.com and use the promo code inktober23 for 20% off all October. If you want to support without buying anything you can go to kimholmblu to patreon.com slash kimholm to support with a monthly sum and if you don't want to use money but still want to support you can share my art. All my art is available for free use you can download it you can copy it you can even change it and sell it as long as you credit me as properly. Do I stream off live? This month I will be streaming every day I've been streaming every day so far and I'll try to keep that up all month with another Inktober is Pinktober painting drawing. Any advice for someone who wants to express their imagination through art but is high functioning? So we're talking about being a high functioning autistic or on the autistic spectrum my advice would be and this is hard for a lot of people who are on the autistic spectrum and it's hard for a lot of people outside of the spectrum as well but to play around to be silly to toy around with different art forms and mediums and once you find something you like then do your focus deep dive into that and learn everything you can about it and then go to the next thing and learn everything you can about that and don't worry about expressing yourself until you have something to express yourself with I mean there are two year olds out there that want to write poetry but their vocabulary isn't really good enough to write what they feel even though they feel very simple things but simple emotions are difficult but as you learn language you can express more and more and the same is true for art if you want to do stickman art you still have to learn your craft of how to express your ideas with stickman and that takes time and have fun play around find things you like and learn everything you can about them favourite animal rat or ocelot or cat or yeah animals are cool is Kim Diaz Holm your real name or an artist name? Kim Diaz Holm is my real name I was born Kim Holm and I married a Chilean and now I'm Kim Diaz Holm and yeah my biggest issue is not understanding objects in a treaty space I don't really understand objects in a treaty space I'm bad at treaty but you can still and that's another advice if there's something you really don't like drawing draw it a lot learn everything you can about it and then it will feel better to draw it you still might not like drawing it but you'll have the skill to do it without making yourself insane so if you don't understand objects in a treaty learn everything you can about perspective drawing okay the ability to bear one soul to the world is neither easy or quick it's joy of self-discovery well said good morning I'm making coffee and excited to catch you live but you're just at the end of the live and now I will bid you adieu and today we were drawing something very sweet and tomorrow the sweetest man on YouTube Scott Christian Savard at Savard will be joining me for a jewel live and heaven knows what we'll be drawing so do check in tomorrow at four o'clock Norwegian time and join me and Scott as we draw bye bye


This is stock number 11459Z. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used sports car headquarters. And today we are excited to show you this extremely clean 2007 Chevy Corvette ZO6. This vehicle has the 7 liter V8 motor which pumps out 505 horsepower. Black clear coat is the color and we shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the car before seeing it in person. And if you'd like to see all the photos on this car in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link to our website click that and check us out there. Very very nice body condition wise on this car. This one comes with the 18 inch rims in the front they are the chromed alloy rims and it has continental extreme contact tires on here in the front we have 275 35 ZR 18s and these tires most of the tread where you can actually see tread is on the middle of the tire and it's probably about I'd say 70 80 percent of the tread left on these tires pretty new tires on this car. You do get the drilled rotors and there's actually only I think 6,000 miles on this car so it should be in this condition but we'd like to do videos to make sure that you know it's in the condition you're looking for. Front bumper and lower valance are in very very nice condition the headlight lenses are crystal clear this one does come with the HID headlamps the hood is in excellent shape as well passenger side fender no major scuffs or scrapes on there passenger side rim same thing no scuffs or scrapes and as you go down this side of the vehicle take note of how clean the body is how reflective and mirror like that paint is we take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the car you can see the car hear the car and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises you can make a smart buying decision from the comfort of your own home that's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen a link to our website where you can do all the shopping things you need to do to make this car yours back tires have just a little bit less tread than the front tires but still good tread on there and you need to get the drilled rotors and back as well as we come around to the back of the vehicle much of the same very very clean the back hatch is a nice shape as well and you do get the chrome tipped dual exhaust with the quad tips as we come around the driver's side just as clean as the passenger and for full disclosure this back rim no scuffs or scrapes on there down the rest of the side of the car looks really really good it does have window edge security so that's every piece of glass has a specific number on it so that if anybody tried to steal it they'd have to replace all the glass in the vehicle inside the Z06 package gives you the black leather interior Z06 stitched into the backrest power driver seats power driver seat weather tech floor mats one second here does have power windows power locks power mirrors memory driver seat and Bose sound system we'll hop inside and check out the instrument cluster and everything i'm actually just going to start it up so we can this one does have the heads up display in the windshield there and you can see that this car only has 6475 miles instrument cluster is absolutely perfect steering wheel is in great condition as well audio controls on the right information center controls on the left it does have the push button start we do have two sets a key fobs for this comes with the cd player am fm serious xm radio does have the six disc cd changer six speed manual transmission heated seat buttons and the passenger side floor mat and seat excellent condition as well hard top piece is a nice condition too this is a fixed roof home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lane systems and you do get compass display in the mirror we'll take a look at the trunk and we will also obviously look under the hood patch area does come with a zero six frame border and a windshield also has a car cover and you get a fire extinguisher back here and under the hood we have the seven liter ls seven engine bay is very clean runs very smooth in five horsepower all of our vehicles go through a hundred and thirty point inspection get a fresh oil and filter change all the foods get checked and tapped off before being a man available to our missing is just about as nice as you can get on a fourteen year old car i would highly recommend it from a quality and condition standpoint and to see more pictures of this corvette or one of our other 450 new news cars trucks scvs minivans wranglers corvettes camaros challengers chargers mustangs gt 500 so you name it we got a kodora website right there at www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summit auto.com and if you like to check out more hd videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second we'll see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left a link to more chevy corvette videos like this one on your right if you've not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we're super excited to be offering this extremely clean extremely low mileage 2007 chevy corvette zero six in black clear coat thanks again for checking out the video


So my beautiful people I am back with another hour ordering video and today guys I bring you a brand new rune farm. This one you don't have to shoot any enemies, this one you don't have to fight, this one is as easy as about 20 seconds of parkouring, fall into your actually not even death just basically get in 100k plus runes every minute for absolutely nothing keeps wild. How's it going guys my name is DPJ and if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more be sure to subscribe. Okay so firstly have to have access to this also popular area here um southeast of Silver River you know the Marguin dynasty palace area place you know we've got the famous hill the famous bird yes guys you need access to this this this area simple as that now there's plenty of guys I'll link mine down below if you don't have access to this area I'll give you an early game one an late game one to both get give you access to this area which like I said is a best room farming spot in the entire game but hey it just got even better now what we'll first say is as well guys this obviously isn't as quick as taking out all these ads with the relic sword but the point being there is you need the relic sword you need to beat the game in order to be able to do this if you haven't beat the game you can't do that this is better and way quicker in my opinion than shooting a bird and making it run off the map so hey this is probably for new players more so or players ain't powerful enough to take out all the ads on uh on the hill okay so from here this grace point right here guys the palace approach ledge road pull out your horse make sure you have a weapon in hand make sure you have any weapon in hand as long as you can jump I'd probably say something like a guitar is better for this because you can just attack quicker but hey so you want to come up to here guys where I'm at and you want to jump up there and this is what I would but once you get to that actual hang of it you'll do this way way way quicker all right so jump up here just like so and then you want to come up here guys now this is bizarre if you haven't seen this already you're going to be like what the hell how does that even work okay so on here guys want to jump up onto that rock right there just like so from here up there simple as that now we're up here guys you want to look forward these two massive pillars then just make your way across this is so bizarre guys I want to say credit to my pal on discord for actually uh showcasing this to me so you want to make your way see the line of the shadow and the light way it meets walk along this you see that rock there guys simply double jump on your horse fall down and keep swinging just like so now if you don't uh if you just step up for me I can't I can't attack you have to be able to attack otherwise you're 40 death okay just keep falling guys just keep falling and keep swinging at this probably it's about 20 seconds of falling but just keep spamming it guys like I said if you don't you seemingly just die and what you're looking at for is bottom right corner and you'll see you'll get just over 2k ruins uh yeah it's just over 2k ruins as soon as you see that you want to pull off your map and fast travel back so that grace point we started the format as simple as that people so always keep spamming just keep spamming like I said it's about 25 30 seconds of just falling to absolutely nothing the first time I tried this like I said I stepped off and um I couldn't swing I couldn't attack in mid air and I died straight away but because when you double jump on your horse and you can you're able to spam your your attack I'm using right bumper by the way um you see him just fall forever it's absolutely wild now you'll see now in a quick second um then then ruins will pop up from my left bottom right corner sorry there you go just like that I got four fires in that time well that's a weird got way more that time I don't know why that is but hey and now you'll see guys check that it's like they're doubling every single time I'm doing this that is absolutely weird now we're going to try that again we're trying again what I'll do guys is I speed up the video um so yeah yeah and hanging about but you can do multiple times I've done it that's my third time doing it on the truck so yeah so as you can see there guys I got just over 2k rooms so I don't actually know what's going on here but all I know is I've done this what four or five times now I've got half a million and it hasn't took me longer whatsoever so yeah guys I'm sure someone will figure it out and why sometimes you get way more ruins than you don't I don't know all I know is I am using my um golden scarab as well got gold scarab which gives you 20% increase ruins I don't know like I said I don't know the low down of what's actually happening here why this is working what hey it's absolutely ridiculous if you have more information on this please let me know um hit me up on twitter hit me up on my discord both linked down below but yeah guys take advantage of this while you can it definitely ain't gonna be around for long but guys if you enjoyed the video leave a like really helps out if you like what you see want to see more be sure to subscribe and hopefully my beautiful people I will see you on that next one


I welcome members to the first meeting in 2015 of the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee, and as always, I ask members to switch off mobile phones, please. Agender item 1 is instrument subject to negative procedure, the conservation of salmon annual close time and catch and release Scotland amendment regulations 2014, SSI 2014 357. The purpose of this instrument is to amend the conservation of salmon annual close time and catch and release Scotland regulations 2014 to amend an error in the schedule to these regulations. The error was reported by the committee following its consideration of that instrument on the 9th of December. In Langis amendment instrument, there has been a failure to observe the requirements of section 282 of the interpretation and legislative reform Scotland act 2010. The instrument will come into force on the 9th of January 2015, meaning the requirement to leave a minimum of 28 days excluding recess dates between Langan coming into force has not been complied with. The committee may, however, wish to find the breach acceptable in this instance because the Scottish Government is seeking to make corrections to satisfy the committee's report on the previous instrument. Does the committee agree to draw the instrument upon its attention and reporting ground J? Has there been a failure to observe the requirements of section 282 of the interpretation and legislative reform Scotland act? Does the committee agree to report over that it finds the breach of this rule to be acceptable? No points have been raised by our legal advisers on the freedom of information Scotland act 2002, Scottish Public Authorities amendment order 2014, SSI 2014, 354, nor on the Victims and Witnesses Scotland act 2014, prescribed relatives order 2014, SSI 2014, 360. Just on the freedom of information order that is before us convener, I return to a subject that I have made comment on before. This is an order that is something very simple, which is to update a list that is in an act. It is perfectly clear from reading the updates that the list is now in a state of considerable update. If I look at 2D, it says, remove entry 6 to z, z, a, which tells you the state that the list has been amended to over a considerable period of time. 2C talks about entry 94, which gives us, without going back to what the list may look like, an indication of how long the list is. I think that it would be much more helpful if, more often than appears to be the case here, the list were to be republished in total. I suspect that it would defy the wit of any layperson to go through the huge number of amendments that have been to the list to work out what today's list looks like. I would simply like to put that in the record and the hope that the list might be noticed and responded to. I have to say that I am going to have to agree with you, because I do not think that it is about wit, it is just about doing unnecessary work. Is the committee content with the instruments? Good day. Gender item 2, instruments not subject to any parliamentary procedure. The Children and Young People Scotland Act 2014, commencement number 5 and saving provision order 2014, SSI 2014 353. The instrument fails to commence section 81.4 of the Children and Young People Scotland Act 2014 for the purpose of bringing section 17A6 of the school's consultation Scotland Act 2010 fully into force. The instrument also fails to commence section 81.9 of the 2014 act, insofar as it is not already in force. Does the committee therefore agree to draw the instrument to the attention of the Parliament under the general reporting ground? The committee may wish to note, however, that the Scottish Government has laid a further commencement order, also before the committee today, to commence both of those provisions in the required manner. Both commencement orders come into force on 9 January 2015. No points have been raised by our legal advisers on the Glasgow Commonwealth Games Act 2008, repeal day order 2014, SSI 2014 356, nor on the Children and Young People Scotland Act 2014, commencement number 6, order 2014, SSI 2014 365, to which I have just referred. Is the committee content with these instruments, please? Thank you very much. I am sure that the committee would want to note that the latter of those two instruments was to deal with the issue that we just mentioned and be grateful that it was timuously rectified. I think that completes the agenda and I draw this meeting to a close.


How to Use Active Reading Techniques This video explains some strategies for active reading. Active reading involves actively engaging with the material. It helps you understand and remember your material better than you would by just reading through it. Try the following tips to read more actively. Highlight As you read, highlight important information so that you find it again later. Don't highlight too much. You want the important points to stand out. Write in the margin. Annotate your texts with comments, questions, examples, and more. Read out loud. Rather than reading silently in your head, read your material out loud, either to someone else or to an invisible audience. Explain what you've read to someone else. Relaying information to other people helps you understand it better. It can also help you notice information that you haven't quite grasped. Test yourself. After you've read a chapter, try to write down the key points without checking the text. Use these techniques when reading your textbooks to better understand what you read. Happy studying!


I welcome all of you to this workshop on computational fluid dynamics. In yesterday's lecture, I had started the topic on computational heat conduction and started with the finite volume discretization and then shown you the solution methodology and implementation detail. Finally, I had discussed some example problems. I can understand that in this mode of teaching where we use technology a lot. So, the speed of the delivery or the coverage of the content is more and the audience have less time to assimilate whatever has been taught. So, it is always a good idea that when we revise what has been taught in the previous lecture we do in pen and paper. So, let me quickly go through the main thing, the main concepts which you should take from this course at least as far as teaching CFD is concerned. So, let me show you some of the very important things what I have taught in the previous lecture in whiteboard. So, the first important point which I emphasized is in the previous lecture is to start from a conservation law and apply to a control volume. So, what here we are doing is let us take conservation law applied to a control volume. Now, this conservation law applied to a control volume can result in two types of equation one which is called as partial differential equation second which is called as linear algebraic equations. Let me divide this into two parts and let me show you this is what you do let us say in an undergraduate course and this is what you are learning here. Let us do side by side this derivations. So, in an undergraduate course typically you start with a control volume here also we are starting from the same control volume here you write to derive the differential equation you write on the left face of the control volume q x here what we do is that we use what we call as first level of approximation what is first level of approximation what we call as surface averaging. So, here what we say is that this surface left surface we called as west surface and we look at a centroid of this surface denoted as small w.  Now, then what we do is here I am applying the conservation law for steady state case let me write down as steady state heat conduction with no volumetric heat generation. So, for steady state heat conduction with no volumetric generation how do we derive the partial differential equation this is the partial differential equation this is the linear algebraic equation. So, what we do is that we calculate total heat gained by conduction we do a energy balance. So, when we calculate total heat gained by conduction which is whatever heat which is entering from the x and y. So, it becomes q x is entering on the left face q x plus dx is leaving from the right face and the width of the control volume is del x del y. So, the surface area on the vertical face is delta y plus q y minus q y plus dy into delta x this is the way we do an energy balance similar energy balance we do here also. So, q conduction total heat gained by conduction is calculated here as.  So, you can see that there is a 1 to 1 analogy between whatever we have done here and whatever we are doing here. Now, here when we want to derive the partial differential equation this total heat gained by conduction I will write a bar symbol here just to denote that this represents q conduction total heat gained by conduction divided by volume of the control volume. What is the volume of the control volume delta x into delta y here. So, when we divide this by delta x delta y and when we use let me do that when I divide by delta x delta y this delta y cancels down and I get delta x in the denominator as well as I get and then when I apply the limits I get del minus of del dot q note the minus sign and then when I apply Fourier law of heat conduction this minus when we will apply Fourier law of heat conduction it is minus k d t by dx. So, there is another minus sign and finally, it becomes k del square t when we substitute q x equals to minus k del t by del x q y is equals to minus k del t by del y. So, this equation finally, we get is k del square t is equals to 0 in this case which you know it is k del square t by del x square plus del square t by del y square is equals to 0. So, this is the partial differential equation you derive. Now, here in finite volume method after the first level of approximation there is a second level of approximation. I just want to show you that there is a one to one correspondence between this step and this step and there is one to one correspondence. So, there is a two stage of derivations I would say this is the first stage where there is one to one correspondence there is a second stage which is the final stage when we apply second level of discretization second level of approximation what we do is that here we basically use discrete form of Fourier law of heat conduction. So, what we do here is to let us suppose to calculate q e the cell center here is capital P. So, if you draw a horizontal line on east phase center it intersects q e and q q capital E and q capital P. So, I may be I will draw it here. So, if this is a phase E this is P this is E and this distance is delta S e. So, how do we calculate approximate q e minus k t e minus t p divided by delta S e. Similarly, we approximate q w q s and q n q w as minus k t p minus t w divided by delta S w. Let us go to the next page I wanted to finish in this page. So, I could so that I could show one to one correspondence, but the space is not sufficient enough and then let me write down all q here. So, q e is equals to minus k I am assuming k is constant it is not function of space function of temperature it is not varying with space q w is becomes minus k t p minus t w divided by delta S w q n is equals to minus k t n minus t p divided by delta S n q s is equals to minus k t p minus t capital S divided by delta S w. Just to give you an idea when there is a waste phase of a control volume p is lying here capital w is lying here and when you want to calculate q w it is your positive axis in this direction. So, minus k d t by d x you want to calculate here you draw a horizontal line it intersects the two grid points capital P and capital E and you use a piecewise linear approximation. So, it becomes t p minus t w divided by this distance which is delta S w. Similarly, we do on the other phase centers. Now, to obtain the algebraic equation we have to substitute this into this earlier equation as it is not in this page I will write it again q w minus q e delta y plus q s minus q n into delta x. Now, what I can do is I can assume because when there is a uniform grid what I am trying to tell is that when your control volumes are of equal size let us suppose this is a control volume p and this is control volume e then let us suppose this is delta x this is also delta x then this distance which we denote as delta S e for a uniform grid generation this becomes equal as equal to delta x delta S similarly delta S w although I am not showing the picture corresponding to that becomes also equals to delta x delta S n becomes equal to delta y delta S small s also becomes equal to delta y. So, for a uniform grid distribution for an interior grid point if I want to get an expression once if I substitute this q w from here to here q e from here to here with appropriate value of this delta S e and delta S w finally I will get minus k I will write it down e I will write down the final expression you will get t e minus 2 p p plus t w divided by delta x into delta y plus k t n minus 2 p p plus t w divided by delta x into delta y. So, you substitute this value of S which I had written here into this discrete form of Fourier law of heat conduction and substitute into this equation how the way we calculate the total heat gained by conduction and you get an expression like this. Now, if I you want to calculate to just to draw an analogy if you want to calculate q bar conduction that is q conduction divided by the volume of the control volume which is delta x delta y then you get k t e minus 2 p p plus t w if you are dividing by delta x into delta y delta y cancels down. So, if I have delta x delta y if you divide by volume you get delta x delta y here delta y cancels down and you get here delta x square as well as you get a second term t n minus 2 t p plus t w divided by delta y square. Now, if you know the finite difference method you although I will show you separately in the next page that actually this equation comes out to be exactly the same equations which you get in finite difference method when you use a central difference scheme in the discretization. However, just for more clarity I will show this in separate page between what is the difference between a finite difference method and a finite volume method. So, let me quickly revise whatever I have done right now. So, that way I had if you have noted down you could see that I divided the page into left half and the right half and I showed you that on the left half you can derive a partial differential equation and the which you do in your undergraduate course and on the right half of the page I have shown you that you can use the same control volume and on the under undergraduate course you start with q x q x plus delta x q y q y plus delta y here we apply first level of approximation and we appropriately write them as analogously write them as q w q e q n q s you do a balance as in your undergraduate course let us say and here also we do the same balance to get a partial differential equation we divide by the volume here we want an algebraic equation. So, it is not necessary to divide by the volume however I had divided by the volume just to show you that this is the finite volume discrete form of the differential equation because the differential equation are per unit volume basis. So, what I what I had shown here is that this is the finite volume discrete form of the differential equation which is the total heat gained by conduction per unit volume. So, if there is any question specific to this I would request you to limit your questions to whatever has been taught just now. Yeah, Jantu has it about. So, this regarding the second term in the q conduction the small correction to be done the T n minus 2 T p plus T s should be done. Yeah, you are right. Yeah, there is a mistake you are right correct this should be T s yeah. V 90 Narkur has a question on what has been taught today. Sir, for the expression in the q conduction in the second term I think the term must be delta y and the product it is multiplied with delta x. Okay, whatever I could understand is a question that this should be delta y and this should be delta x is it right that is what you are pointing out here or where you are pointing the second term. Oh, yes, yes, correct you are right. Yeah, this should be actually here it was delta x. So, when we divide by delta x delta y delta x cancels down and in the denominator you get delta y and here the same term delta x remains. This will be Q s if you substitute as this expression here it will come out to be delta x and here it will come out to be delta y. You are right, you are right. Let me write this equation again I think there is a lot of confusion which is coming up because I have done a mistake here. So, right now there is a mistake here which I have done. So, I will write down this equation again. Q conduction will come out to be k Te minus 2 Tp plus Tw into delta y divided by delta x plus k T capital N minus 2 Tp plus T capital S divided by delta y into delta y. So, just note that here I have done a mistake this I have put at delta x this is delta y in the previous slide. Here in both denominator you can see it was delta x there is a mistake here and it should be this is delta y and this is delta x that is what is being pointed out first thing. And the second correction in this is one thing and here there is a second thing this should not this is not equal to Tw. So, finally, when you divide this expression by delta x delta y delta y cancels down here it is Ts. So, let me put it finally, Q bar conduction is equals to Q conduction divided by volume which is delta x delta y then it becomes k Te minus 2 Tp plus Tw divided by delta x square plus k Tn minus 2 Tp plus Ts I will in the previous slide there is a mistake here divided by delta x square in the previous stage there was a mistake here. So, there were these were the three things which are being pointed out in the previous page this is Ts and this should be delta T delta y and this is delta x delta y and delta x sorry this should be delta x square delta y square this is delta x square and this should be delta y square any other question please. Thank you. Now, if this I wanted all of you to be absolutely clear in this idea because this is the minimum thing which we expect you should understand from this and at the same time with this I wanted you to believe that indeed the finite volume method of discretization is as easy as the derivation which you do for partial differential equations. So, it is as easy as what you derive in your undergraduate course. So, that way I say that you can start teaching this course our programming and programming details are something which are new to this it is just that you are not exposed to it if you start working on it you will also find that it is very easy you had given you SyLAB course because we hope that it help you to get started because the biggest problem which we feel is that people find lack of literature not only lack of literature but lack of literature in terms of the programs also ok. So, let me go to the next thing which I wanted to show in the whiteboard the next thing which I wanted to show is when we if you use a finite difference method how does the equations looks like. So, let us let me I had already shown you finite volume method. So, in a finite volume method I will show you that right now I had shown you in a finite volume method the equations which we get is q bar conduction let me show you right now I had just previous page I had shown you it is K e P e minus 2 T p plus T w divided by delta x square plus K t n minus 2 T p plus T s divided by delta y square. So, this is finite volume method I had shown this in my previous slide ok this is this is I had shown you the same thing which I am writing here. So, in a finite volume method I get this. Now, in a finite difference method what you basically do is that you discretize K del square t by del x square plus del square t by del y square by using central difference scheme. So, if you use central difference scheme it will become P i plus 1 minus 2 T i comma j plus T i minus 1 comma j divided by delta y square by central difference scheme plus K t i comma j plus 1 minus 2 t i comma j plus T i comma j minus 1 divided by delta y square ok. Now, so this is the expression for let us say K del square t or total heat gain by conduction per unit volume. So, this is the expression which you get in finite difference method. Now, let us compare this two expression let us compare this two expressions. So, here you have K here also there is a K this is T east and here it is i plus 1 this is subscript is P actually this is 1 minus 2 1 here also you have 1 minus 2 1 the only thing is that the subscript in this equation and even in the denominator here you have a delta x square and here also you have a delta x square here you have 1 minus 2 1 denominator delta y square here also you can see 1 minus 2 1 delta y square. So, what is the difference between this two expressions is that the subscripts which are used are different here we are using certain letters here we are using certain indices. So, that is the actually when you do programming although in finite volume method we write it like T capital E T capital P, but in a programming you store this temperatures in a matrix and the you use a running indices which had shown you in the last lecture. So, basically P represent i comma j east neighbor represent east neighbor is what does T P what is the location of T P x comma y and is running indices terms it is i comma let me show you in the next slide. So, if you take a cell P this is its east neighbor this is north neighbor this is south neighbor this is west neighbor. So, enough so this is located at x comma y this is located at x plus delta x comma y this is located at x minus delta x comma y. So, if the running indices is i comma j here on E is located with an increment of x by delta x. So, here there will be an increment of i by 1 here on the west face x is reducing by minus delta x. So, it will be i minus 1 comma j I will highlight again pointer. So, this is P this is the this is just a representative control volume. So, if P we represent by x comma y capital E we represent capital E is located at x this is at x comma y E is grid point is located at x plus delta x comma y. So, if this running indices for this is i comma j then as x is getting an increment by delta x the running indices increment is always by an integer. So, if it has been 2 delta x then it will be i plus 2 if it is 3 delta x it will be i plus 3. So, this becomes i plus 1 similarly this is at x minus delta x. So, this becomes i minus 1 and using the same idea north and south are located with an increment of plus delta y and minus delta y respectively. So, north we write as i comma j minus 1 south we write sorry j plus 1 and south we write as i comma j minus 1. So, whatever I have shown in the last slide. So, this E is same as i plus 1 w is same as i minus 1 north is same as j plus 1 south is same as j minus 1. So, what I am showing you here whether you use a finite volume method or a finite difference method for interior grid points you get exactly same equations. Before I close this discussion I would also like to point out another difference as far as finite difference and finite volume method is concerned. This is mostly used as far as the grid is concerned this is related with grid the way we generate the grid. So, I would show you that typically in a finite difference method. So, what I am showing you now is a grid structure grid points I will write grid points in finite difference method and finite volume method. Let us take a square plate or a square domain heat transfer problem let us suppose that is the take the same here also. So, as far as simplest form of grid generation is concerned the procedure is same let us suppose I draw two equi-spaced vertical lines here. Here also I do the same thing two equi-spaced horizontal lines here also I do the same thing in a finite difference method the grid points are this located at the vertices of the control volume. In finite volume method grid points are located at the centroids of the control volume they also needs to be located at the boundary to apply the boundary conditions. If I look into the running indices here in this case it becomes 1 2 3 and 4 and j it becomes 1 2 3 and 4 whereas, in this case it will be 1 for the left boundary 2 3 4 5 similarly j will be 1 2 3 4 and 5. What I am showing you is what is most commonly used many times there may be certain deviation as far as the prescription of the grid points in the two methods are concerned. But this is what is most commonly used grid points in finite difference method and the finite volume method. So, with this I am I had shown you because in the moodle yesterday I saw that someone has asked me to clarify the difference between finite difference and finite volume. So, I would say that in finite difference we just start with the we start with the governing partial differential equation and we apply Taylor series a Taylor series expansion where we you know that there are different type of discretization first order second order third order. So, there are higher order discretization also the second order discretization of del square t by del x square is this similarly for del square t by del y square. So, we obtain what we call as finite difference equation for this individual terms and substitute into the differential terms respectively and obtain the linear algebraic equation. Whereas, in finite volume method the way we do is that we start from the control volume the way we start in the derivation of partial differential equation and using two levels of approximations we end up with an algebraic equation which comes out to be same as finite difference for interior grid points for a simple geometry problem. This is just a square domain which we are taking square or rectangular domain where the boundary is aligned along the horizontal or on the x and y direction. This is x equals to 0 this is x equals to let us say l this is y is equals to 0 sorry let me use point 10. This is x equals to 0 left boundary right boundary is x equals to l bottom boundary is y is equals to 0 top boundary is y is equals to h. So, all these boundaries are aligned along the standard Cartesian coordinate system. However, there are problems I will take an example to clarify this. Let us suppose I have a flow across a square cylinder or a square prismatic bar you can call free stream flow across a. This I can solve by having a by enclosing this square cylinder in a let us say rectangular region. So, this now here what are the boundaries there are two boundaries there are two boundaries when is this inner boundary. So, this is the first boundary inner boundary and there is a second boundary which we are called which we call as outer boundary. Note that we have to apply boundary condition on both the boundaries and we have to capture picture or movie for the fluid flow in between these two boundaries which is let us say this region is that clear. Now, this is what I call as simple geometry problem why simple geometry because the boundaries either horizontal where y is equals to constant and either or vertical where x equals to constant. But if I solve an external flow problem where it is flow across a circular cylinder then my inner boundary is circular and my outer boundary is if I am now there are two possibilities I can take two types of outer boundaries. If my outer boundary is circular then I can solve this in cylindrical polar coordinate system then it will be a simple geometry problem. But if I my outer boundary is rectangular then my inner boundary is circular.  So, you have a combination of let us say cylindrical coordinate and a Cartesian coordinate which then it becomes a complex geometry problem. Now in this case there are different type of methodologies as far as CFD is concerned commonly used methodologies that whatever grids we generate it is a body fitted grid. Now if you want to generate a body fitted grid we use what we call as the curvilinear grids and then in that case you get control volumes which are not horizontal vertical and typically you get a control volume in this case which will be maybe something like this. So, this is not horizontal this is not vertical so here we have to use what we call as complex geometry formulations why I am telling all this is that although it seems that the finite difference and finite volume gives the same result in a simple geometry problem. Moreover when you go to the complex geometry problem like this then you have you see the real strength of the finite volume method. So, finite volume method when you go to complex geometry formulation if you go look into the history of development of computational fluid dynamics people found that finite difference method does not work that well in complex geometry problem and finite volume method has inherent characteristics of the obeying the conservation law and that is the basic thing in fluid mechanics. So, that is why finite volume method is more popular as compared to finite difference and it has there when you use a finite difference in a complex geometry problem there is a chance that you may have to struggle to get the convergent solution. So, I think this way the two main points which I wanted to discuss before I move into the today's lecture I will stop here I am not right now taking the question maybe I can take one question right now I would suggest that do not ask something on this simple geometry complex geometry that I can take in the evening, but if there is something which you want to ask as far as the finite difference in finite volume method is concerned if you have questions on this pages if you have not understood anything on this I will be happy to answer I want to limit the questions. So, if you have if a specific question related to what equations I have derived here or the grid points which I have shown here please ask. Let us go quickly go to Jane to Heatherbar regarding comparing these two methods FEM and FEM are there any specific advantage to go for FEM over FEM as often we understand that FEM is very useful for complex geometries how about if you look at FEM why do you why should we go for FEM what are the advantages of FEM over FEM. At this point I would answer his question let me repeat his question his question is we can definitely understand the advantage of F finite volume method as compared to finite difference method, but his question is is there any advantage with the finite difference method as compared to finite volume method as far as I understand I do not see any advantage of finite difference method over finite volume method. In fact finite difference method also people use using the idea of finite volume method where they not only define the grid points there nowadays there is another type of finite difference method where it is becoming popular where they use not only grid points at the centroid of the control volume, but they use at the face centers also, but rather than doing that I believe that finite volume method is a better method. So, as far as I know finite difference method I do not see any specific advantage as compared to the finite volume method. We will stop the question answer session now.


You might think well you know I've specified I just want it for the past three years but then do you mean financial year? Do you mean calendar year? Do you mean school year? Do you mean some other kind of year? So then they have to ask you for a clarification of what you're thinking because they don't know what's in your head.


Here in my new ministry setting, I went out to visit an older member of the congregation. She informed me that I had two strikes against me. What, I thought?  But I'm willing to give you a chance as our new pastor. Well, thank God. I hope the people will be willing to listen to what God says rather than putting up false barriers of race and gender. The Church needs to change.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel and I appreciate you being here today I bring you this massive news update regarding new things coming and not coming to Destiny 2 But hey if you do enjoy the video leaving a like it really does help me and my channel out Okay, so the latest weekly update by Bungie has not long dropped And if you do want to read through all you'll find it linked within the video description It sheds some light into the Christmas period of Destiny 2 and what we will be getting so let's get into it So to start off the post with info on the latest patch we received last week and they state These are some of the first significant changes to the player experience that are based on your feedback It's written on destiny has always been a process that involves you and that process will continue We have more updates to Destiny 2 planned for the new year once January arrives We'll talk about what we have planned for the next one and then the one for after that in the meantime Your voice is a welcome addition to this conversation if you're talking about destiny We're listening more importantly. We're adding features and content to the game Bungie then going to say that next week. They are launching a web comic series Starting with an Osiris Ikora origin story for all of Osiris Margaret Stool Destiny 2 narrative director who currently writes marvels the mighty captain Marvel notes as follows Destiny 2's first ever original comic short is written by Eisner winning New York Times best-selling writer Ryan North in collaboration with our own super-talented Destiny 2 KS Osiris narrative lead Christine Thompson with interior art by Destiny 2 community fan favorite Zeek Carlos Here's a peek at the cover by Marcio Tequerra. Osiris was once the champion of the last city Vanguard commander seeker of secrets and discoverer of wonders and then everything changed How did Osiris go from hero to traitor? This is coming soon for free on Bungie net So yes, that looks pretty cool people. I'm actually looking forward to it They're then going to talk about the dawning here is what they say happy dawning to all it may be called outside But there's a warmth in the air as the air comes to an end the tower and farm are decorated with festive cheer It's a time to celebrate your light snowball fights. Guardians aren't just arming themselves with weapons There are snowball piles everywhere you look in the tower and at the farm You can tag your friends for bragging rights in strikes You can blast an enemy with a snowball to stun them and deal big damage Stay frosty out there mayhem in the cold keep your blood warm and your heart pumping in the crucible mayhem is back So your abilities recharge faster point values are cranked up enough to melt the ice It's anarchy and it's awesome. So that is something I am super looking forward to I absolutely love the mayhem in destiny one and it's gonna be a great addition to destiny to you mark my words Milestones of winter engage in crucible mayhem or become legend in strikes and you'll be rewarded every week Complete a milestone for a dawning engram getting to give you mood with new consumables that give rewards to everyone You're playing with if there's a specific dawning item that you have your heart set on Tests will refresh inventory each week Enabling you to use your bright dust reserves for your holiday shopping on one week or another during the three week event You'll find every dawning themed exotic ship ghost shader emote and every dawning themed legend They're armor piece on her shelves. So that's gonna be great You can basically purchase all of Tess's exotics during the period of the dawning event Gifting and receiving pick up a dawning gift schematic venture to other worlds and craft unique gifts for the vendors and agents You'll find in the tower and beyond then give their lucky recipient their gift and receive a gifting return You can participate in the season of giving every day of the event the dawning begins on Tuesday December 19th and ends on Tuesday January 9th So quite a long while for us to grind the dawning they then want to talk about adding without subtracting Earlier this week we updated the same blog with some notes on how we intend to handle expansions differently going forward You should read them again Like I said it will be linked within the video description if you do want to check it out Essentially our goals are to continue adding new challenges to destiny and to keep all challenges relevant without taking them away from anyone It's a delicate balance and we intend to do a better job of striking it in the most immediate version of the future That means making changes to faction rallies in the iron banner so that they include everyone No matter their level of investment in the new content We'll talk to you more about that work when it gets done These events will come back very soon and they will be available to all now I personally don't expect to see faction rallies or a banner into the new year as they state this to all a good night This is a last weekly address on bungee.net for 2017 the conversation about destiny won't stop But a blog is being laid down for a long winter's nap communication will continue on our phones and social media Work can happen faster and from anywhere our holiday travels take us We'll be reading your feedback about the dawning. We'll be calling the shots for the live game We'll be addressing issues if they arise but bungee are obviously going to take a Christmas break And so this very reason I don't expect these events to come until next year and guys That is basically it from this weekly update So the dawning will arrive next Tuesday December 19th, and there will be a whole new set of loot for us to obtain more info on that loot No doubt will come soon when it does you guys will catch all the info you need to know right here on my channel I'm a little disappointed we won't be getting faction rallies and iron banner anytime soon, but hey is what it is Also, I'm super excited to see mayhem back. I mean it's a game mod I absolutely loved but yes guys that is the end of the video I hope you enjoyed if you did leave me a like really does help me out. Thanks guys for stopping by and hopefully people I will see you on that next one


Good afternoon, and welcome to this month's non-farm payrolls report, this one for September 2023 with me, Michael Houston, Chief Market Analyst at CMC Markets. It's been an interesting week for equity markets. It's been pretty much all about bond yields, higher bond yields that has pushed equity markets lower and within touching distance of some very key support areas, particularly when it comes to US markets. If anything, I've been quietly surprised at actually how well the NASDAQ has held up, but ultimately it's really all about support levels. It's about expectations as to whether or not what we've seen this week will continue to put downward pressure on equity markets and tighten financial conditions. Further, and this is what it's all about this week. It's been about tightening financial conditions. It's really, I think, come about as a consequence of the yield curve between the 2s and the 10s starting to un-invert. Now, what do I mean by that? Well, let's have a look at this particular chart. Okay, so for most of this year, in fact, for all of this year, the 2s-10, the 2-year yield and the 10-year yield on the US bond market has been inverted. And by that, I mean, 2-year yields have been trading above 5-year, above 10-year yields. That generally signals a recession. Now, obviously, we still haven't, as yet, entered recession in the US. Now, what we're seeing is the bond curve starting to un-invert. But the way that's happened, and it's happened pretty much since the Federal Reserve meeting last month, when the Federal Reserve raised its Fed funds guidance for next year from 4.6% to 5.1%. So ultimately, the Federal Reserve doesn't expect to be cutting rates anywhere near as much as the market thought that it would do a month ago. And that's caused a significant repricing in the 10-year bond yield and the 30-year bond yield, both of which have moved back towards 5%. Currently, the 2-year yield is around just above 5%. The 5.0497, 5.05. And the 10-year yield is 4.74. Now, it's down from its peaks of this week. But there is an expectation now that the 10-year yield will move above 5%. Now, ordinarily, when the bond curve starts to un-invert, that's a good thing. But it's a good thing insofar as what you want to see is 2-year yields come down, not 10-year yields go up. And that's essentially what's happening right now.  That not only makes short-term borrowing more expensive, it makes long-term borrowing more expensive, and it exerts downward pressure on equity markets, earnings, growth forecasts, and pretty much everything else. Because essentially, it just makes it much more expensive to borrow. It makes it much more expensive for businesses to fund their everyday operations if they've got higher borrowings. That, in essence, is what's driven the dollar higher over the course of the past 12 weeks. Yes, the dollar is up for 12 weeks in a row. And that is, I think, another reason why we're seeing an awful lot of pressure being brought to bear on equity markets. What we want to see, if anything, for stock markets to rebound, is a soft payrolls report. Because ultimately, what that will do is that we'll ease the pressure on rising yields and essentially bring yields back down from their currently elevated levels. Make no mistakes. This yield curve is going to un-invert. It's going to move into positive territory. The way we would want it to do that is for two-year yields to fall and for ten-year yields to go up. At the moment, both things are happening. That's bad. And it's bad in the context of ten-year yields are going up faster than two-year yields. So ideal scenario, weak jobs report, the softening in two-year yields, and ten-year yields to remain at or around current levels. The market is currently pricing that not to happen. And that's essentially why you're seeing yields rise more at the long end than you are at the short end. And you can see that being played out in this chart here. This orange chart here is the two-year. And as you can see, pretty much since a month ago, two-year yields are pretty much traded sideways but with a slight upward bias. But the ten-year has surged quite significantly over the past month. And that is what's bringing an awful lot of pressure to bear on real rates. So we're approaching some fairly key support levels on the S&P 500 and the NASDAQ. We've tested the 200-day moving average. I'm hoping that you can see all this chart very, very clearly. What are we looking for on today's payrolls report? Well, the consensus is displayed down at the right-hand side here. So last month we saw 187,000 jobs added that was slightly above expectations. But what slightly tempered that was the fact that the unemployment rate rose from 3.5% to 3.8%. Part of that can be explained by a rise in the participation rate to 62.8% from 62.6%, which is essentially the proportion of the adult working population that is looking for work or in work. So that's gone up and it's back at the highest level since before the pandemic when it was at 63.7%. So that, again, is a good thing. More people are returning to the workforce looking for new roles. But we also saw sharp revisions lower to the June and July reports, respectively. July was revised down to 157 from 187, or June was revised down from 209,000 to 105,000. So jobs growth is slowing. Now, this week's vacancies, JOLTS report for August, saw a big jump in vacancies in August. Now, I'm a little bit suspicious about that. But nonetheless, that is what caused the early week's spike in bond markets. Because the perception was that the Federal Reserve could well look to hike rates again in November. And there still remains a very real risk of that, but potentially could continue to hike going into the end of the year and potentially year end. You had J.P. Norgan, CEO, Jamie Dimon, talking earlier this week about the potential for the Fed funds rate to go at 7%. He said J.P. Norgan could handle that. Well, maybe J.P. Norgan could. I'm not sure everyone else could. US mortgage rates are already within touching distance of 8%. So again, that is a real concern, particularly for the housing market in the US. Typically in the US, mortgage rates are fixed for a 30-year term. So higher mortgage rates won't affect you right here and right now, but they're more inclined to make you want to stay put. Because if you do move, you have to remortgage and refinance at the higher rate. So at the moment, there's an awful lot of US home householders who are tucked, locked into 30-year mortgage rates that are about 0.501% who are now looking at rates four or five times higher than that if they want to move, which means that it's probably not going to be particularly good for social mobility. Nonetheless, what we've got here, key support on the 200-day moving average on the S&P 500 and 4200. So we're expecting around about 170, 175. The whisper number is slightly higher than that. It's around about 1.9200. If we come in at around about those sorts of levels, 1.9200, then I would expect the dollar to go mildly bid and certainly for Eurodollar to retest the lows of the day. If we get a softer number, anything below 1.50, then that's potentially fairly good for stock markets. It should see a softening in yields and it could well see Eurodollar head back towards 1.0620. So there's an awful lot at stake here with respect to this payrolls report, but it's probably going to be noise, generate some noise in the short term. We've got Columbus Day holiday in the US on Monday. We've already seen a big rise in yields this week already. If we get a really strong report, that could well see bond markets sell off and yields push higher and it could also see us retest the lows of 4200 on the S&P 500. On the NASDAQ, that's holding up reasonably well as well. Let's just blow this up for you so that you can actually see it. I'm hoping that you can see these price points fairly clearly. If you can't, I will maximize them. Just say the word, but there's very decent support in and around these sorts of lows of this week in the end of September around about 14400 on the NASDAQ. You could potentially argue that there's a bit of a topping pattern going on here, maybe an irregular head and shoulders, but ultimately we are at a very, very key support level and just above a very key support level. The bigger question I think really needs to be asked are we likely to break it today? I would be surprised if we did irrespective of the numbers because we've got CPI next week and CPI has been trending lower, certainly with respect to core prices. We've also seen a significant softening of crude oil prices this week as well and I think that could well have been behind the retreat in yields that we saw in the last two days. When oil prices drop sharply over the course of the past two days by about $10, you could argue that some of the concerns that people had about energy prices and oil prices particularly jumping from $70 to $100 a barrel would likely make inflation a lot more sticky than it should be. That retreat over concerns about demand destruction could actually take some of the edge off the recent push higher in yields. Again, keep an eye on these key support levels if we get a retest of them. On the top side on the NASDAQ, $15,000 is going to be a key resistance level. Let's just quickly look at Brent. We could well see further weakness. This gives you an indication of the extent of the move in Brent. We cannot afford to ignore this in the context of the moves that we've been seeing in yields. From the highs at the end of last month to where we are now, we've seen an absolutely stupendous fall in crude prices and we could fall further to around about $84 a barrel. That's a 50% retracement level. I would argue we could actually come all the way back to $81. That will be good for consumers. It will basically put more money in people's pockets. Let's quickly just look at the DAX. I talked about this in my weekly update last week. We are now below the 50 and the 200-day moving average resistance at the moment, $15,460, or these peaks through here and the lows through here. We have retested just below $15,000. There's certainly potential, I think, for the DAX to move further. However, we could squeeze back to this resistance here. I'm very much of the mindset at the moment that we are in very much sell-the-rally mode when it comes to equity markets, given what's happening with yields. Someone's just becoming too soft a number. Wouldn't the market then worry about a recession? Yes, they would, but they'd also be thinking the Federal Reserve would be closer to cutting rates. That, I think, is the key there. If you think about where we were in 2008 and 2010, the markets don't care about a recession if a central bank decides to look at easing monetary policy going forward. Certainly at the moment, we're not there yet, and a recession in the US is probably still three to six months away. It's two successive quarters of negative growth. Q3 looks if it's going to be fairly positive. If we are going to get a negative quarter in the US, the earliest we can get it is Q4, and then we'll hit a recession in Q1, if in fact that does happen. I'm of the opinion that we'd have to see a really significant shift in sentiment to worry about a recession any time before, say, for example, the second quarter of 2024. I hope that answers your question, Alan. As I say, a soft number will take the pressure off yields, but what it won't do is worry, change the market's perception about a recession. I still think a recession is coming in the US. It's really just the question of whether it's a shallow one or a big one, and at the moment, the jury is out on that. So the unemployment rate is expected to drop to 3.7%. Let's just quickly do euro to dollar, because I think that's significant. At the moment, the dollar has gone up for 12 weeks in a row. Well, 11 weeks in a row, potentially 12. If we get dollar weakness, then we could well see a retest of this 10620 area. Why? Because it was a fairly decent resistance level a few days ago and then pushed us to new lows. So what we want to see to get some indication as to whether or not this downtrend in euro-dollar and uptrend in the US dollar is coming to an end is a break of 10620 and a breakthrough this downtrend line from here. At the moment, there doesn't appear to be much evidence of that happening, but that's not to say that it won't. We've also got the Canadian Jobs Report today, and that could be interesting in the context of where dollar CAD currently is, because dollar CAD to me looks a little toppy at current levels. And that's not to say that we can't squeeze back to the 13785 that we were at earlier this week. But is this a bearish reversal here? You know, it's hard to say. But ultimately, it does look a little bit overbought. Maybe we could see a decent Canadian Jobs Report, maybe a slightly, maybe a slightly softer US report relative to the Canadian report. Who knows? But there is big resistance anywhere near 138. So certainly it would be, it would be a brave man who sort of goes long dollar Canada at these sorts of levels.  Don't do it, because ultimately you could be wearing it over the weekend and it's a US holiday on Monday. So you need to bear that in mind. Cable just quickly. If someone wants me to look at anything between now and when the numbers come out, please feel free to pipe in. But you've only got just over a minute to do it. Again, we've seen a fairly decent rebound in the cable. Personally, I think a lot of negativity around the cable is overdone. But the 120 level is going to be key here. It's interesting to see that this week we saw a bit of a rebound off the 120-30 area. But again, to really, I think, diminish the downside risk on cable, we need to take out this peak here from the end of September at 12280 and break through 123 to get a retest of the 200-day moving average, which is currently above 124. So very much in a downtrend here, but we are starting to look as if we may see a little bit of sterling strength in the short to medium term. But 12280-123 is going to be a bit of a barrier going forward.  We had obviously talk of intervention in dollar yen earlier this week. Still looking fairly resilient. It's hard for me to argue that we won't see further dollar strength against the yen in the short to medium term, but I think it will depend on today's payrolls report and Friday's CPI. But have we hit the short-term peak in dollar yen? Hard to say. But personally, I think 150-152 feels a bit toppy when it comes to dollar yen. But it's certainly not something that I'll be playing around with at the moment, given what we saw earlier this week when we dropped from 150.20 to 147.30 in the space of five minutes. Okay, numbers coming up now. Here we go. Decent Canadian jobs. Oh my goodness gracious me. Okay, well, down we go on Euro Dollar. That is a stonking report. Unemployment is higher. So this yield is going to be going higher. We're going to see a test of probably going to see a test of those lows in the S&P of $44,200. I mean, that is an absolutely stunningly good number. And will certainly spook the bond markets because that is certainly something that people definitely won't want to see in the short to medium term. That is a really decent number. Let's have a quick look at the yields before we get cracking. Okay. So the 10-year yield is up seven basis points to just below 4.8%. And let's have a quick look at the two-year. The two-year is 5.1%. And it's up eight basis points on the day. So certainly going to see a retest of the lows, this Euro Dollar 105-20. Dolly in is probably going to pop higher back towards those peaks that we saw. And the Canadian Dollar, that may necessarily decent report. So I would be surprised if they probably don't know what to make of that particular number because they're both very solid reports on both. So a bit of a spike higher on the CAD, but not really seen much of a follow-through on that because they were both decent numbers on that basis. Dolly in probably going to see a move back towards the highs on the basis of that number. Average early earnings, slightly softer. So that could be taking some of the edge off the dollar reaction, 4.2%, down from 4.3%. And let's have a quick look at what the participation rate is for the US economy. So private payrolls was really strong. That was up from 177 to 263. Manufacturing was fairly soft. That only saw a gain of 17,000 jobs. And if we look at labor force participation, that was unchanged at 62.8%. So unemployment pretty much unchanged from last month. So all in all, fairly decent payrolls report, slightly tempered by the fact that the wages numbers were slightly weaker than expected. They came in at 0.2% on a month-on-month basis and the market was expecting 0.3%. So we're probably going to get a retest, a little bit of a push higher on the dollar in the short term. I'm not sure that we can sort of make the argument that we're going to retest the lows of the week when it comes to cable or euro-dollar or the highs when it comes to dolly yen. But certainly I think we could probably get a retest of 149.70, 149.80, given the fact that the Bank of Japan is now likely to be an awful lot more nervous about the yen after this set of US jobs numbers than it was earlier this week. So questions, let's have a quick look at the S&P. And here we are, again, back at the lows of the day or the week rather. So it's going to be very interesting to see how the market reacts when we get back down to these levels. And of course, someone's just mentioned the ADP report and I think that just really tells you how unpredictable US data is and has been and will continue to be going forward. We can look at the labor market data and yes, it's strong. It's very strong. But you look at the claims numbers, they're very low. But then you've got all these strikes that people have been talking about. And yet they haven't shown up in any of the numbers. So when will they show up in the numbers? But then you've got all of these wage agreements that have been agreed with the drivers of UPS with the airline pilots. And you're talking about wage settlements of around about 20%. I mean, what is that going to do to wages? And yet these numbers, these agreements, aren't yet showing up in the headline numbers. So it makes you question what's going on. But for me, the most important thing here is price. What a price is doing and what's the trend. And the trend at the moment is for yields to continue to edge higher. That is likely to continue to exert downward pressure on equity markets until we get evidence of a significant data softening out of the US. It's hard to argue that US equity markets won't continue to look soft and will continue to try and test those key support levels that I outlined earlier. As you can expect for gold, this is not good for gold. So we're likely to see a retest of the lows that we saw in March, February end of February, beginning of March, high yields, not good for gold, strong dollar, not good for gold, double bubble. We'll probably see a move back to 1780 over the course of the next few sessions. Certainly what we're seeing here in gold prices is not conducive to a rebound. And yes, it looks oversold. But ultimately, it's about the direction of travel and the direction of travel is at the moment and will continue to be a stronger dollar and firmer yields when it comes to US treasuries. So any other questions, ladies and gents? We've got another five or 10 minutes. So I'm certainly keen to answer any questions you might have about any particular market you have an interest in. But certainly I think what we've seen with respect to those payrolls numbers will continue to potentially put downward pressure on oil prices because high yields is likely to act as a break on financial conditions. And ultimately, you're probably going to see further downside test of that 50% retracement level, which I allowed earlier in the lead up to this number. So we're looking at $84 a barrel initially. But ultimately I would expect to see a move down to around about $182 a barrel in the short to medium term, even though OPEC have extended their production cuts to the end of this year. We've also got China trade numbers next week as well. And people talk about the fact that China may see a little bit of a pickup in Q3 and Q4. We've seen a number of banks upgrade their GDP targets for China for the end of this year. These made up targets that they basically pluck out of thin air. Certainly the numbers that I've seen coming out of China don't appear to suggest that we're going to see a pickup there anytime soon. So I'm skeptical that China will come riding to the rescue at this moment in time. So let's look at Euro Aussie. Let's look at that. Well, for me, we've got a very, very nice resistance area just above the current level that we have at the moment. We look at that. That is a nice little resistance level there. And then I go and do that. Well, I mean, for me, Euro Aussie looks a little bit toppy. You've got this support line here, which is support there, support there, is now resistance, now resistance. So 166.50 is the key resistance area for Euro Aussie. And that trend should remain, hopefully will remain in place. And that will continue to trend lower going forward. So yeah, trend lower on Euro Aussie. Let's look at Aussie Dollar. That would certainly appear to support the idea that the Aussie is probably going to go lower. I mean, it comes down to this. If we've got another rate hike coming from the Federal Reserve, you've got to think that that is going to favor the dollar and weigh on the Aussie. But we are approaching a big, big support level on the Aussie Dollar. So certainly I think we can, we have the potential to see further weakness there. We need to get back above 64. And then behind that we've got 65. But the big support level is back around those lows that we saw in September and October of last year, 62. So certainly there's potential for a retest of 62 on Aussie Dollar in the short to medium term, based on a simple analysis of this chart here, getting a little bit of a pullback from 63, 80, 64. So yeah, I mean, the direction of travel there is for Aussie Dollar to trend lower, particularly if you're trending into a slowdown, you're potentially going to see copper demand start to dry up. And if we look at copper and what copper has been doing over the course of the past few sessions, it has been trending lower. So let's have a quick look at the next key support level on copper. Let's just get rid of those lines because they're not any good anymore. Get rid of them. What's interesting about this is that we have started to push below those previous lows of early May. So how copper behaves in and around these levels is likely to be key as to what the Aussie might do in the short to medium term. So I've extended that left. So now you can see with copper, we've got a big, big support level at current levels. So it'll be interesting to see whether or not it holds that level. If it does, then that could be broadly supportive of the Aussie. If it doesn't, then you could actually see it drift lower over the course of the next few sessions. I mean, ultimately, you still have to be bullish on copper in terms of the renewable story and the demand for copper over the course of the next five or 10 years. But you can see from this chart here, people have been trying to buy the dip on copper and it's just, if they timed it right, it's been working. But certainly the highs have been getting lower. So that suggests to me that the buyers are starting to run out of confidence because every time they buy it, the subsequent peak is lower than the previous one. So that's copper. Any other questions, ladies and gents? As I say, I've talked about oil prices. I think there's potential for them to weaken a little bit more over the course of the next few sessions. But I think we'll probably trade between 80 and 90 in the short to medium term. Starting to see a little bit of a stabilisation on the S&P just above 4220 and the 200-day moving average. So certainly at a very, very key level. I'll be watching that closely this afternoon to see what happens in the short to medium term. But as I say, this is one set of numbers. And it's a strong set of numbers, but let's not forget we've got CPI next week. So if we get a soft CPI reading next week, then that could change the calculus for a hold from the Fed on the 1st of November. So it's always the bigger picture you need to look at, not just one set of numbers. Okay, so in the absence of any more questions, we're going to wind this up, ladies and gentlemen. Don't forget to check out the week ahead. That's on the news and analysis section of the website. That's right here. Along with a look at the Fed minutes for next week, US CPI for September. We've got JP Morgan Chase and Co. Q3 results, Citigroup, Wells Fargo. The US banking system has been struggling over the course of the past few months. Citigroup shares in particular have been on the back foot. So we've got China trade, China CPI as well. That's been in deflation Wells Fargo. And we'll have you another company results as well. So check that out on the CMC Markets website. And hopefully you'll all have a very nice weekend and I will see you same time, same place for the October payrolls report in just over a month's time. Otherwise, thank you very much for listening, ladies and gentlemen. Hope you all have a great weekend and speak to you all same time, same place next month.


And the last one is my favorite and this is how we used to heighten in our teeth those days First of all, crush the charcoal After crashing the charcoal, now grind it into a powder form Now crush the plantain peel to obtain a spongy like substance Dip the plantain peel sponge into the powder charcoal Now you're good to go! Brush your teeth!