Your coca-cola bottler presents Claudia based on the famous play and novels by Rose Frankin Brought to you transcribed Monday through Friday by your friendly neighbor who bottles coca-cola Relax and while you're listening refresh yourself. Have a coke and now Claudia Think the world is made for fun and probably Claudia Here I am darling. What is it? Oh, am I nothing?  Just thought I'd say hello to you. Hello Now what do we do this afternoon? Well, I just put the baby to sleep. Why don't you know I'm not interested in sleeping good for you boy Well, what do you feel like doing? Well, I don't know. I'm tired of reading. I'd like to do something different There's not much different to do around the house. I'm not much Only I knew how to play chess. We could play chess each game takes hours.   Whenever I have nothing to do. I call up somebody what for? Talk talking's a wonderful time passer away. You ought to know Why don't you call Roger at the office and talk business? He's probably busy. Now, you know, he'd love to talk I bet he doesn't expect to talk to me on the telephone for days Yep, I might call him at that find out what's going on. Stay where you are.  I can walk. You've got plenty of chance for walking from now on You better make the most of this service with a smile business while you can as of tonight I am handing in my resignation Thank you. You mean you were really going to stop waiting on me hand and foot And foot really and I don't want you to think that I've enjoyed it any more than you have now That's good. There's no reason why you should have all the fun out of my accident But don't talk too long though David mama said she call us in the station so I can pick her up It's around a time now. Gosh, it's almost two. I won't No operator.  Yes, my number is Eastbrook two seven six ring three Operator operator, what's the noise on this phone? You're singing Hello Hello Oh Thank you operator Lines busy everybody's busy even the line you can try again later after mama calls No, there's a funny noise on that phone. Oh, it's probably the connection David It couldn't be I wasn't connected. You're connected with something weren't you the operator at least I know when a funny noise is because of a connection and when it isn't because of a connection how Just one of those things a man knows about Oh The kind of a rattly noise like a clip and a glass oh Oh, well, what's the difference great deal of difference.  It's not a crime is it What are you smiling at like that? What are you thinking?  Yep, sure Now we're isolated Out of touch with the world But only for five minutes now, stop worrying But mama's supposed to call You shall worry Now nonsense, mama's a big girl David, hurry, I hate being without a phone My little pioneer bride I don't see what's broken in the receiver You seem to be whole I didn't drop the receiver, dope, I dropped the other part The other part The part I don't know the name for The part with the dial thing on it Then why didn't you say so? It doesn't have anything to do with hearing and noise While you're talking Does it? David, don't take any more It's too late to stop now, I see Oh, the bottom unscrews it like this I feel like an orphan Very simple, very simple, one more screw The bottom fell out David, don't lose those screws One's rolled under the sofa, pick it up while I investigate You pick it up, I'm not the one who needs occupational therapy I'm not supposed to lean over Since when?  Looks all right to me How can you tell? Instinct David, please get your instinct to start putting it together again What an old nag you are I know, I admit it, but put it together anyway All right, just to show you, I know how I will Fine Then you won't be nervous when I take it apart again Again? Of course, I'm just putting it back together again so mama can call Then I should take it apart to fix it If it still rattles Over my dead body It goes right around here Did you hear what I said?  I'm putting the wires back in the box on the wall And I'm on the last one I've been putting the mouthpiece back on This is a saint I'd be glad when everything is back together again You're such a little worrier I'm finished Just one moment What I'm waiting There, so am I Now give me the phone You'll see it's perfectly all right I'll apologize if it is You feel safe in making that statement Very, very Now I'll dial the operator and we'll see how this phone works Whether it works or not We're going, don't we? Very funny, very funny But it does work I'm not the kind of wife who hopes it won't work Just to prove a point No, you wouldn't do that Dial ahead, don't be nervous I hear a dial tone, I thought you'd be interested I am, a dial tone is half the ball Hello, operator No, I'm not making any call It works Thank you, operator, thank you very much I just wanted to hear your voice, operator That my love was the operator And she must think you're crazy What do you think I am? Crazy, I mean brilliant I really think you are, darling David, you know, ordinary people aren't supposed to know how a phone works That's very difficult So that proves, darling, that you are not just ordinary people Me neither You're wonderful, David Kiss me Come and get it My eyes are closed, tell me what it is The telephone When people come into your home whether they're expected or unexpected you like to be able to extend a pleasant welcome That's always easy if you have a good supply of Coca-Cola on ice When you say have a Coke it's as though you said, glad you came relax and share the pause that refreshes with us Mr. King, what do you think of my son-in-law monkeying around with the telephone? Well, for an architect he'll do badly Best of all, it's good to see David feeling better and a phone is a small price for that Very small indeed Still, I can't help wondering as to what he'll think of next to entertain himself Well, you're safe tomorrow, Mrs. Brown because tomorrow, David will have plenty to think about Really? And you'll have Jared Tucker to thank for that He brings David a gift and, well, see you tomorrow I will indeed, goodbye, Mr. King So long, Mrs. Brown I'm about to say, every day, Monday through Friday Claudia comes to you transcribed with the best wishes of your friendly neighbor who bottles Coca-Cola So listen again tomorrow at the same time And now this is Joe King saying or of war And remember, whoever you are whatever you do, wherever you may be When you think of refreshment think of Coca-Cola For Coca-Cola makes any pause the pause that refreshes and ice cold Coca-Cola is everywhere This broadcast of Claudia was supervised and directed by William Brown Maloney And now, here's a word from your friendly neighbor who bottles Coca-Cola


Come with me, leave all of your things here You can stop it Gucci, stop it Louis Vuitton Come with me, fly you out to P Full speed, so fully belly up Speed full speed, in the KB Raise up my head so I can be Flippin' through the sand in the G All because of what I didn't expect Life's sweet baby, I stop it We just go get ready, we go To my channel of your new hair, my name is Cephi And welcome to my trip away with my mom We have come to Athens in Greece And I'm so so excited to be here This is my Christmas present to my mom I was her secret Santa So I got her this holiday And we're here for the weekend And I'm so happy to be here, the sun is out I think you guys saw some clips before And I'll give you a nice little room tour Of our hotel as well, it's really really pretty I'm so happy to be here And enjoy a nice vacation At the start of the year Also I have my Invisalign in Which is where I have a little bit of a list But hopefully when I get used to it I'll be back in a week, but I've got them for 19 weeks I just want to start off this video By thanking Ana Luisa for sponsoring I love Ana Luisa I've been working with them for Almost two years now And I absolutely love their jewelry A lot of the times when I get questions Of what jewelry I'm wearing, it's always Ana Luisa And they have a huge Valentine's Day sale Going on right now And I just thought I would show you guys How I've literally brought my jewelry With me on holiday And the jewelry case itself is from Ana Luisa And it's so pretty It opens up like this And then it's got different compartments For everything that you want to bring I didn't have too much I wanted to bring The main thing I wanted to bring was this new ring That I got It is so beautiful, it's like a crisscross material With diamantes And I love how it stands out so elegantly I also got this S necklace Which I think is so nice I feel like if you have a boyfriend It's cute to get your initial And their initial because the length of it Can be changed So you can wear both of your initials So even boyfriends If you're watching, that's a good idea And then I got these beautiful hoops I haven't taken them off Since I got them Absolutely love the way they look On me, I just think they're so elegant And they jazz up any outfit I wear In my jewelry case I also have These ones are a bit more dangly You'll watch me wear them throughout the vlog As I go for night outlooks I'll show you how I style But I like a little dainty Gold earring and I think these are so cool They have like a really cool hook detail And I also have This necklace Which I adore I think it was part of a special collection But I could literally layer this now The way I'm wearing it but I feel like having A bit more of a minimal look for Today's outfit but it's more when I'm wearing Her but it's got green detailing I'm gonna wear this as well So you guys will see me style all the Ana Luisa pieces Throughout this video And you can shop the link directly in the description You can shop for sale for about 40% off Some incredible jewelry pieces And perfect sale in time for Valentine's Day So thank you again Ana Luisa for sponsoring And let's start Enjoying Greece starting off with My room tour For anyone wondering this is where we are staying The Greek Hotel Palace Athena Beautiful boutique hotel And I will show you our room So this is The junior suite This is the living room area They just bought our bags And Let's see This is the bathroom Oh I think we need to put the key and mum And then what's this door I think this is like the connecting door to the next room If you were to connect Ah this is our bedroom So pretty We need to get some new masks From downstairs Hey mum welcome to Christmas present Hello thank you very much I love presents like this Look we're matching We're both wearing green To be honest most of our clothes for this holiday Is green for some reason Accidentally no because I bought Before you But you came dropping with me and you didn't even say When I was picking up green stuff I did it That's so tall It's so pretty Oh you can You don't even really know It's so pretty here How nice is it mum And the weather is so good We're gonna walk To where are we walking mum Acropolis Acropolis is the main historical Site of Athens Me and my dad Are the history geeks of the family We love like Anything to do with Like history, ancient history Even like modern Day history But my mum is like She loves to see her But I wouldn't say necessarily she's a pro So I'm excited to like To all the streets of Athens with her And we were saying this In the taxi How pretty is everything We were saying in the taxi That Yeah the weather is so nice In the taxi How much does Athens Like parts of it remind you of Tehran Like they just have like narrow streets Because it's in a mountain Tehran's in a mountain There's loads of like narrow streets And like there's loads of orange trees Everywhere Beautiful Yeah so nice We stumbled across A fish market All fresh fish Amazing Look at mum Not in Ile So old I love it I don't know where we are right now Because this is our Midwalk to the Acropolis But My mum is alone Pia there This is a church And then there's this really cute lemon tree Right next to it How incredible this is A theatre Mum be be me Wow And you can see the whole City It's incredible And then Up there is Acropolis Thank you very much It's beautiful I really enjoy it Who would only know About this little alleyway With restaurants If you have a Greek friend So shout out to my friend Alexia From work Who has told me about here Wow I should point out that it's like 4pm Almost 5pm so it's not actually lunchtime But obviously by the time we got here Came down that tiny alleyway To this restaurant called Ya Mestia Ya Semi Ya Semi Which my friend Alexia told me about And I'm really hungry I haven't eaten Since yesterday So I looked at the list That my friend Alexia gave me And Ya Semi was the first one And I put it on the maps when I was coming down the steps to the Acropolis And I saw it was like a 7 minute walk So how lucky that it was So close to where we were And the menu is like Tarts and pies And Salads and soups and cakes So I will show you guys What we get But I'm so excited for my first meal Here in Athens I also have to take you to try Giros Me to try Tsubaki There's so much Exciting food for you to try There's outdoor seating as well And there's like 3 other rooms There's like a main big restaurant That was like a middle bit That was like semi indoor, semi outdoor This bit's really cosy So yeah I really like it And this road has like Well this alleyway has like 8 other restaurants You couldn't believe in this alleyway It reminds me There's one in London called Muse So there's Muse of Mayfair And that Muse itself Has a few restaurants And it's close to Victoria's Secret And in Like in Bond Street So that one's a really nice one too This is Mosca So this is what was underneath Yes This is bread And cheese And this is the Greek salad Are you enjoying it? I love this And to finish it all We have A chocolate kind of Nougat dessert And this pasta Cake it's called I'm not sure what's in this one But it's like a specialty one So we'll see I think you guys saw that road That we walked through that had a really cool bar So We're gonna go there after Well it had loads of cool bars We're gonna go there after But for now I think we're gonna go here For dinner I'll try to get my mom to take a cute picture Before I leave So I was taking my invisible line out in the bathroom It was like Men and women aren't really separated And I didn't realise Until I was taking out my invisible line And I saw this guy look over and smile at me And I was like oh my god why am I in the wrong bathroom And I realised no it's just a bit of a unisex I'm going to We thought this restaurant was Greek But it was actually Italian But it was so nice that we didn't want to leave And it's so jam packed Actually we got the last table So we're gonna eat out I'm having a burger, my mom is having risotto Yeah there's no wind Yeah My burger My fries are really good Because I've done an Instagram story Like 8 takes Like the people here must think I'm crazy I really like my food It tastes so good The waiter at the restaurant Made me take a shot of mastico with him He asked my mom to join him But obviously my mom doesn't drink So she didn't do the shot We just got back to the hotel Our heating wasn't Going to full blast in the other room So they just moved us to another suite That is basically like the same Except my mom likes this one more The living room goes on to the bedroom Whereas the other one had like the living room Separate but my mom prefers A bigger more open space So I guess it kind of worked out for the best But it is 11 o'clock at night And considering we woke up at 4.30am this morning And all I've had is like A 20 minute nap all day I think we've done really well I didn't have any naps But it was a very short time Yeah like 20 minutes So we're gonna sleep like babies And go to breakfast So we will see you tomorrow morning It is Saturday Day 2 in Athens We had breakfast this morning The breakfast was really lovely I took my camera but I forgot to film Slash I was really sleepy so I couldn't move on to the film But we are walking now So you're like wow All the shops are and stuff Like wow the design and stuff So we're going to like the more uptown bit Because apparently now we're in like the cool Like downtown area like the centre of the city The walk is like 14 minutes away What I like about Athens is you can actually Walk everywhere it's really like pedestrian friendly But also like Ubers are such a good price They are 3 year bows And for anyone planning to come there right now You need a vaccine Card To sit anywhere indoors You need to have proof of vaccination With your app like card that you have Vaccine card And then you also if you're not vaccinated Could come in with a negative Lactual flow test But yeah obviously Vaccination would be quicker Than getting the actual flow Even for shops like you can't go into Zara without a proof Of vaccination So yeah just bear that in mind If you're planning on visiting And For the month of For the past month they've Stopped live music And they've closed clubs Because covid cases were quite high So yeah when you go in Stores and stuff They encourage you to wear face masks So that is The update This is the Stop exchange in Athens We're just looking past Who would have thought like the Wall Street Is A bit colder But like It's supposed to be 5 degrees but like I feel 5 degrees In London is probably much colder How cute is that coffee shop The Coffee Berry Yeah it's pretty cute So much Portugal This was the Cutest, prettiest Nicest little bit to go shopping Don't you think mom? It was so beautiful Cafes I was so shocked that Athens has so many cafes Honestly I feel like It has as many as Paris No? And they have so many Independent shops Like their own shops rather than Like The chain Which is so nice to see Coffee break We are in The Four Seats Vuslak I forgot the name Vulusaki Vulusaki I think But it's so pretty here This is the Avra bar I think And then you can see The sea outside It's really pretty I can tell That this is the place to be In the summer So we're in Staraki We didn't know the name of the area But I want to go into This church, it looks so nice And I definitely want to go into a church Whilst I'm in Athens I just love churches so much I find them so peaceful Even though I'm not Christian I think That they are beautiful places Of worship So I'm gonna go into this one But yeah there's loads of bars here as well That was such a beautiful church It was really beautiful I wish we could Take a picture or I like that We didn't take pictures It reminds me a lot of the I said everybody No But sometimes it's nice That everyone can see Amazing Now we're just gonna find someone To have some keros There's a lot of choices here We are having some keros In Monasteraki Let me tell you guys Where the security guard in Sephora Told me Recommended this place to me It is called And it is in Monasteraki And since we are on It's like two We've been looking for the best keros to come to It's like two shops So that is also part of it The cafe culture here is incredible When we said we want to sit inside They were like shocked So we're going to have Some keros now I'm really excited Even the menu looks good Greece So basically when I Booked this trip for my mum and me I Wrote in the card that we're gonna go have keros And we're gonna have it in Athens She's been excited to have keros This is the mixed Grill And then this is like Snamsticks and chicken sticks Looks so good Similar I think Very similar The Greek version Different marinade probably We've got some Greek Salad Dolma This is the garlic sauce And the mixed Grill So we have some Yoga and honey and halva that they Brought us Interesting Halva, honey And yogurt And cinnamon So I'm ready for tonight Which is our last night out We're going to a cocktail bar because we had dinner so Late We had lunch so late that it was like 6pm That was basically dinner So let me just show you guys my outfit This lipstick by the way is from a brand called Mina I'll show you They sent me a bunch of makeup And I really really like this one So be sure to check it out This is my outfit of the night I'm wearing these green leather PLT Trousers Some boots And this black cropped jumper And I'm going to wear my green Puffer jacket over the top Come you can show your outfit It's okay Her outfit is underneath it And she's going to take off my hat But she's cold right now so I'm wearing her hat Where are we? Which bar is this mom? Name of the bar? Yeah It's a number Oh 60 Not 360 And up there Is the Acropolis I'm at 360 Where are you? I'm at I'm at 360 I'm at 360 So We've come down to breakfast And They give me like a platter Like this because of Covid And this is like a little bread Basket My mom's wearing yellow today It's our last day we leave in the afternoon So we're just going to explore Around here after we've had our food I am in like This green Story thing And jeans And then I have pink in my shoes As well So very very Swaggy I'm just going to enjoy my breakfast And enjoy the view It's the view of like the square with the pigeons That I showed you guys At the start of the vlog And the weather's sunny today But it's cold The first weekend was like 14 degrees And yesterday was I think 5 degrees But today is also 5 degrees but sunny So I'm so happy we caught that First hot day Because it honestly made going to the Acropolis So much easier You look like you're starting a juice cleanse This is kind of an apple juice It's nice Seriously? Stick to what you know I'm not going to lie The airport staff here was so grumpy And the check in people Were so rude We had such a good time Such a lovely We had such a lovely time The people were so lovely The culture was incredible The food was incredible So many places to Go and see And every part of it was just beautiful I will write my list Of recommendations Up on the screen as well That's a 7 We had a fantastic time We had a fantastic time Thank you guys so much For watching this vlog We had so much fun in Athens We need to go away again mom Thank you very much for Your watching us Don't forget to check out Anu's huge sale I'll link it down below in the description for you guys And I'll see you in my next vlog


Good morning! So I want you guys to sweat up into two groups because this has to be interactive otherwise everyone can fall asleep. Okay, so I need at least those of you that have done feckles before, you've got to be on one team and then whoever has the most experience after that has to be on the other team. Split up. So this is about machine settings. It is part of your BCSC book and I think how many guys got some questions on feckles machine settings last year? Not a lot of questions, alright? Maybe two or three at the most?  I'm sorry, let's do this way. Tina, you guys take tuning down to venting and it's offside you take down cavitation to stroke. Okay, so go ahead and discuss it for about 10 minutes, okay? I want to make some copies, I'll be back in just a moment. So look through that list. Yeah, shoot, so we got all the tough ones. So here are the ones that we can talk about first that are energy around the two terms. Yeah, we can talk about the ones that I know. There are some basic terms on that right side. So first thing would be aspiration, which is essentially just your vacuum pad.  Start with Faco, or start with Karex Rotary, first position on your foot pedal is, you know, you're at least down to position two. So how often is it on, like 1% is really not enough? This is actually Faco power, but aspiration is super important because a lot of what you're doing, Faco is not actually using Faco power. You're using aspiration to bring pieces to you, and then you brought the piece to, and you are using occlusion to move the pieces around. So that's one of the next ones. The process is not the follow-ability. Yeah, yeah, exactly. And so that movement of your piece, so I think that you need to sort of just make a little bit of that. What you're actually doing is you're going in, you're using your vacuum on a piece until that piece either comes towards the tip, or you bury into. If you can see where the tip is going, like how fast it's going. If you're burying your tip in that way, you can actually move that piece where you want it. So out of the bag, safe to actually Faco them at that point. So occlusion then is really important because if you don't fully occlude your tip, you're just going to kind of nip away a little pieces of nucleus and other things. And you're never going to really be able to get into the piece where you can safely Faco it. So the follow-ability is a specific thing after it's occluded? It's sort of the movement while it's being occluded, while it's in that process. And then... That's crazy. Because they did during the... I'm not sure. It's more of on the tip of the Faco pieces. And that's like before you, but that's what the text usually do for you. Well, so it's like the machine basically does it for you, but it essentially makes sure that everything's working properly. Make sure that there's no air in the lines and all of that. So once you've occluded your... The rise time is how fast that sort of occludes our surges when you... They're all in this chapter. And then surge occurs when you lose that occlusion.  All of a sudden you get a surge, which is sort of a lower back that causes your cheek to produce it. Surges are very dangerous. What they're really trying to do with fluidics is trying to prevent surge. So you can imagine if you're like pulling, pulling, pulling on this piece. You're like building up vacuum, building up vacuum, building up vacuum. And then for some reason it breaks. All of a sudden you have a split second between where you can stop that vacuum and where that break occurs. And all of a sudden things are going to surge and your chamber is going to shallow. And so rise time is how fast once you've had that occlusion, that's what power surges after. It's like the time of the surge. Yeah. Well, so not the surge but the occlusion. The surge is when that occlusion is broken. Your back sort of all of a sudden, because you still... There's a lag between where the pieces let go and you can stop your vacuum. It breaks and all of a sudden... The rise time is between... So... Yeah, I'm also confusing. About rise time. Yeah, which like section of it. Okay. Yeah. So... Your describing makes sense but it's the period of time. That's where I find that's not clear. Okay. The rate at which vacuum builds once the aspiration port has been included. Okay, so is that... After... Yeah, that makes sense. So is that probably controlled by your foot? Like how strong is the pressure on the vacuum? And how... Yeah. And your settings. So your machine setting is going to be more aggressive into where... So once you include all of these quickly want to build... Hold that piece to your tip. It's just helpful to know how to set up the vacuum machine. It's already attached. Uh-huh. Preach. Automatically build the vacuum. That's why it feels so... It's achieving an appropriate amount of stuff. You necessarily need a quick rise time but... But yeah. The next thing is... Okay, how far does that make sense? Yep, yep. Yes. Exactly, nothing's coming through. It's done? Pretty much? Okay, close enough. All right, so let's go through the ones that are... I think the ones that are more intuitive are easier to get. Strong on your guys' list. Which one do you want to do first? Well, no, let's do the ones that are more esoteric a little bit. Just pick any one from the list. So, cavitation is one that we're talking about that they could be a little bit more esoteric because it's like you have a distance between your tip and the piece that you're trying to fake go and there's like these bubbles or micro bubbles that form. They're not allowing you to directly touch the piece and just like these high energy bubbles that are in the way for you to have good maybe follow-ability. Does it help you? I mean, what's that? It doesn't help you. If you're just... If you're not actually occluding properly, it's probably not helping you, but I don't understand the completely. Okay, so actually cavitation is helpful. You do need some cavitation for fake emulsification to occur. So there's a pressure change that occurs on the tip. And when that pressure change occurs, you get these gas bubbles that expand and contract. But it's that collapse of the gas bubbles that releases energy, that releases heat pressure that allows you to emulsify the piece. So it's actually a good thing. That's what's happening at the fake go tip, is some cavitation. So this is my cheap version of the animation. Fake a tip vibrating, bubbles expanding, bubbles collapsed, pieces break up. Heat and pieces break apart. That's cavitation. So it's actually a good thing for you to have cavitation. Okay, let's go back to the list again. Tina, your side. They did cavitation first. What do you guys want to do? It's actually to start at the top. Okay, tuning, pretty basic. Your technician's doing this. Yeah. You guys never have to worry about this. This is the reason that we have software in there. And what you want to make sure is that what you tune in the machine is actually occurring at the tip, right? So you're going to get an error. If you don't plug in things correctly, you'll get a tuning error, okay? But your technicians are usually taking care of this.  Then I'm going to need to know that, hey, this is not tuned properly. What are some things that can go wrong, though, with tuning? So let's say you plugged in everything correctly. What's left in the whole system that could go wrong? With your seals and your fluidics. Oh, sorry. Yeah, the tip is not attached as well. The tip is not attached as well. So those of you that have done Faco, your ear will become a tune to that buzz and what the buzz sounds like. And if you don't have the tip on properly, it'll chatter funny inside your hand. You'll feel it. It just doesn't vibrate properly. And it might vibrate at a different frequency. Worst case scenario, your machine will give you an error, that there's a tuning problem. So what do you do? You come out of the eye, you type in the tip again, and you go through the whole tuning process again on the machine, okay? All right. Your side. Let's take it from your list. So we can do, yeah, aspiration. So the next part of aspiration is just the actual vacuum power that's like withdrawing fluid contents from your Faco tip. So it's that sort of pull out of the eye. So you aggressive fluid. So be careful about using the word vacuum, okay? Sorry. So it is an aspirating force, okay? That's an actual attracting force that brings stuff to your tip. The way I remember is that A for aspiration is attraction. That's how you attract pieces to your tip, okay? So those of you that are on that last chip in Faco, we say don't go into the bag, okay? You don't need to go into the bag and actually go and touch the piece. Why? I want you to use aspiration flow rate, okay? And the way aspiration flow rate is, as soon as you press in position two, currents are now flowing into the eye because you already passed position one. Position one is irrigation. Position two is now actually sucking things into the tip, right? And that's what you're using as you're using the attraction force of the machine to bring pieces to your tip, okay? So that's why you can be just above the capsule, position two, and get that last chip out of the bag, okay? Assuming that it's free and it's not stuck in physical elastic or it's not stuck in the sulcus where you actually have to go and actually touch it to create some vacuum, okay? So we're going to talk about a couple different types of pumps but for your board's purposes, almost exclusively, except for a few machines on the market, our facial machines are peristaltic pumps, okay? So if you ever look when they set up the machine, you'll hear rollers moving, okay? You guys should look inside the machine. Just before they punch the cassette in, you'll see a round mechanism that has maybe six or different seven rollers there. And that's basically that peristaltic pump that you see in your book. They'll give you a diagram. Do you guys remember that from your book? There's a diagram of that peristaltic pump. Now, if you're going to go into retina, retina guys don't like peristaltic pumps, right? They want to have exclusive control of the vacuum, right? And the unique thing about a Venturi pump is that the vacuum rises independently of occlusion, okay? And that's why retina guys like it. They want to bring vitrious immediately and chump it up, chump it up, and let it go, okay? They don't want to actually wait for things to come to the tip and wait for vacuum to build up. And that's why Venturi is for retracting me. So V for retracting me, Venturi, that's what they may test you out on your boards, okay? All right. Next. Throw off-side. Got the list. What do you want to do something for you? You do power. We've got something we're already having discussing. Okay, power. Okay, so go ahead. What do you guys think about power? Without looking. Sorry. I'm talking about like work over distance. So it has to do with you have the distance that your tip is traveling and how much energy it's creating at the side of the tip. Okay. So the total amount you could calculate maybe at the end of the case is how much power was used but it's not something we, or is being used in a certain period of time. Right, right. So you would define a couple of things that we'll define. You said stroke. I heard stroke. And then I heard you say power and energy. And that's exactly what we're doing on the machine. So when you guys program the power, remember our Faco needles move in two different ways. There's longitudinal, which moves in a coaxial fashion with the handpiece. And then there's non-longitudinal. On the Alcon machine, they call it torsional. And that's because the tip moves, instead of moving this way, it can also move this way. Okay. So that's a non-longitudinal stroke length. But this is the traditional way that we've talked about stroke length, this moving back and forth, back and forth. Now the AMO machine moves in an ellipse fashion. So instead of moving just this way, it actually goes like this and more of an ellipse. Okay. But the infinity that you're using at the VA, you can program each of those independently. Longitudinal as well as non-longitudinal or torsional. Okay.  So straight tip on the needle. So you can move longitudinally this way. But would it make any sense to go this way? It's a straight tip, right? So that's why if you guys look at the tips, we traditionally use some kind of bent tip when we're using the Alcon machine. Why? With that tip bent like this, now you get more motion for that non-longitudinal action. Okay? Instead of a straight tip, which would just do this and just kind of bury a hole. Right? It's not going to be as helpful. Okay. So when we're actually programming the power, we're actually programming how much of the stroke length we want to use. Okay. Okay, Tina, your side. I should just keep going on the most guys. What do you think? Followability. Okay. So before I put up the definition stuff, what do you guys tell me? What do you think about followability? So... Why is it important? How would you define it? So I was less sure about this one and we were less sure a little bit about followability. But thinking that it was most likely like the draw of your piece to the tip and sort of that movement and how important that was. So the draw, we just talked about the draw, the attraction to the tip. What's that? What actually controls that feature? Aspiration. Aspiration flow rate. So the slower your aspiration flow rate, it's kind of what we call slow motion FACO, kind of beginner FACO. We don't want you guys to use a lot of aspiration flow rate. We want things to move slowly to the tip so you don't... So you have time to react. So in case the iris or the capsule or some other structure comes to your tip, you have time to come off the pedal. So how would we get pieces to our tip fast, really fast? What would we do to the aspiration flow rate? Increase it.  That's impressive because it happens very fast, right? If you're an experienced surgeon and you know what to expect, yeah, you can probably get away with operating an aspiration flow rate of 40, 50, 60. Okay? And you guys will get there. You guys will at least get to 40. Most of us have a 40 on our settings, but it's fast and that's what attracts pieces to the tip. So now that we've discussed that, what is actual followability, though? So you've already talked about attracted pieces to the tip. That's good. So then keeping them there? Keeping them there. Right. So would it make sense if I'm FACO-ing a piece and all of a sudden it just goes bing, bing, bing? Would that be helpful? No. It would be so inefficient and you guys would drive us and that's because you'd be going towards the bag, you'd be going towards the cornea, towards the angle, trying to get those pieces out, right? So chatter is a problem. We don't want chatter, so we talk about trying to optimize our settings so we don't get a lot of chatter during surgery or follow-up. We want to have good followability and the opposite of followability, which I already defined was kind of chatter, pieces kind of pinging off and going away from your tip. So it's ability of the FACO tip to attract and hold the piece at its tip. Okay? Now it's also impacted by something that we talked about, aspiration flow rate, right? So you have to have enough aspiration flow rate to keep pieces at the tip or to continue to bring pieces to your tip, okay? And the FACO stroke pattern is important. So this is why, part of the reason why non-longitude will cave into fashion, right? Because with this, can you imagine you're pushing those pieces away every time you're kind of pushing them away, right? So if you did this motion, you'd probably have a better chance of keeping pieces having better followability by not constantly pinging those pieces away from your tip. Okay? All right. So Rob, your side. Talk about chatter. Talk about chatter, okay? Okay, what would you guys, what's duty cycle? Oh yeah, we talked about duty cycle. Talk about duty cycle. So duty cycle is the amount of time that the FACO is on when you're doing a certain setting. Yup. So those of you that have done micro pulse with me, that's the same concept. We're basically cutting the FACO power into packets so it's not constantly on. Now what would be the advantage of lowering your duty cycle? We talked about this in M&M this year, this past year. Those of you that were at the M&M, M&M that I presented, I think it was maybe two M&M's ago. Talked about a womb burn. Less FACO energy. Less FACO energy, right? So that would be important. So let's go duty cycle, pretty much everything we talked about. Duty cycle is on or off. You can control how often you want it on or off. Now on the machine, how do we do that? We do that through a couple of different settings, that you guys are going to hear about, right? Continuous. That means what? FACO is on all the time. As soon as you're in position three, it stays on all the time. How about pulse? What would pulse be? Off. Now how about those packets of energy when they're on, off, on, off? In pulse, is that equal or not? They're equal. So the time on and the time off is going to be consistent no matter how deep you are in position three, okay? Now how about the opposite of pulse? Not really the opposite of pulse. What's the other last setting that you can use to change your duty cycle? Burst. So what happens in burst? That's right, that's right. So did you hear that? So the deeper you are in position three, which is your FACO setting, that duty cycle becomes closer and closer together, right? Energy packets are going to come closer and closer together, okay? All right, good. You got your side? Okay, take a stab. That's just when the piece of lens comes and includes or covers the FACO. Okay, so yes, 50% correct. It's not just lens material. It's anything. Iris, capsule, vitreous, discolastic, anything that occludes the tip will cause occlusion. Make sense? Now you guys always think about it as lens material because that's what we're trying to do, but it happens all the time. We talked about wound burn, okay? One of the issues that we had with wound burn, on my case that we presented M&M, was that there was already occlusion before I had any lens material at the tip, right? How do you know that the machine is occluded?  If you have it programmed, you'll hear a bell, ding, ding, ding. That means your tip is occluded. What's the other way? Nothing's coming to the tip. Nothing's coming to the tip, right? So it's basically just almost like stagnant water. There's no currents moving. Nothing's coming to the tip, okay? What's another one? A little bit more easy that your technician's going to notice. You're not necessarily going to turn over and look. It's on the screen. It's on the screen. It says occlusion. Ding, ding, ding. You'll see a red thing. I'm looking at it. You guys aren't, hopefully, okay? But occlusion, those are the three ways you can tell. Intuitively, inside the eye, it's stagnant. Number two, the bell goes off. Number three, there's a red blinking light that shows occlusion during the FACO, okay? Yeah, created by obstruction. We already talked about that. And then let's go back. Okay, so Rob, on your side. I wasn't so sure about was load. Load. But load is maybe like the actual material you're working with the whole time? Yeah, sure. That's correct. Pretty basic. So that's why we want to chop pieces, right? Chopping gives you smaller fragments to work with, smaller loads to work with. It's easier for the machine to actually emulsify a smaller load than a big load. Now, what are options when we would want to actually impale into a big load? Yeah, or when would we want to actually? We want to pull a piece out out of the bag and be able to work within a safe space in the AC rather than in the bag. Okay, and then, or if we want to chop it, right? So we want to go and actually grab a decent size load, right?  Not really, because it's already a small load. You just want to get that piece out of the bag and then safely emulsify it. So the time is when we want a large load. We're typically doing a chopping maneuver. We're trying to hold a piece. We're trying to bring a piece out of the bag. Okay? But eventually you're wanting to work with smaller loads. You don't want to work with a large load because that's going to require more energy. Okay? All right, Tina, your side. Nice time. This being the time from occlusion or aspiration, I wish when power is increasing until suddenly you'll lose that occlusion and reach search, but I think my time is before that search. So you mentioned a couple of things. You mentioned aspiration flow rate. So rise time is very dependent on aspiration flow rate. Okay? So this is straight out of your book. Okay? I think you guys might have gotten this question. Do you guys recognize that diagram? Did that ever show up on your test at all? And the last, those of you that have taken it a couple of times? Last year? No. So if you look at the graph, okay? Rise, you got time on the x-axis and then you've got vacuum on the y-axis. That's the critical piece. And now if you look at each of those lines, they're all different colors to represent different aspiration flow rates that you have programmed. So look at what happens with the blue line. This is what we would consider kind of a more advanced aspiration flow rate. It's fast, 40 cc's per minute. Look at what happens to your vacuum. What happens? It's very rapid. Like, less than one second, you're already maxed out at 400. Okay? Now, what's something a little bit more? Let's go to the far right. A very slow aspiration flow rate. Okay? 10, that's very slow. I don't even think you guys want to operate that slow. It is slow, like butter slow. Like watching paint dry kind of slow. Okay? This is not a good setting, but it's to illustrate to you look how long it would take for you to actually develop enough vacuum to hold on to a piece and chop it. Four seconds. It doesn't seem like a long time, but that's a long time in FACO standards, okay? So this would not be an appropriate setting for you to use to do a chopping maneuver, because you'd have to wait forever for the vacuum to rise. Now, is there a moment when you would want to use maybe 10, 15 where you wouldn't want the vacuum too high? Last piece. Last piece, maybe, yes. Or the, what, cortex, maybe? You wouldn't want it to go that fast, or epinucleus is what I meant, not cortex, sorry. This is something that I want you guys to kind of vary in your mind about why this is so important rise time. So on the machine, we can actually program the rise time to go up exponentially. So we don't do it a lot, but if you look at the infinity machine, there's something that's called dynamic rise time. It's a little tiny box that you can touch and you can go into minus steps or you can go into plus steps, okay? And all it really is, is it's basically either speeding up the aspiration flow rate, okay? The acceleration time, or decreasing it, okay? Depending on what step you're in. But most of the time I would say at most of our settings it's programmed at zero. We don't really want to manipulate that. We actually want to manipulate the aspiration flow rate itself rather than trying to, you know, look at the machine and it says aspiration flow rate 40, but we reduce the dynamic rise time by minus four. It just doesn't make sense. It's just better for you to intuitively look at the machine, decrease your aspiration flow rate if you don't want the vacuum to rise. 2,000. Is the aspiration flow rate not, does that control all the panel? Is it just not enough? Like it doesn't... We'll go over that. It is. You can control it. You can either, we're going to talk about something called fixed panel, okay? Or surge and control. Fixed panel means that on the machine you type in 40, as soon as you go into position two you get 40 right away, okay? If you do surge and control that means as soon as you get into position two you start at zero or some other predetermined setting and then it will go up to your maximum the deeper you go into position two. So it is customizable for certain steps, okay? But you don't always want to have control or don't always need control of your aspiration flow rate, okay? Maybe you just want it to be 20 right from the get-go and keep it there and maintain it. Okay, do you know your side? Almost done. Surge. Oh. It was nicely in the surge. What's that? It's a little surge. Of surge, yeah. It's one of my research. So surge is, once you have this great big vacuum build as you're holding a piece, what... So you're occluded? Let's say you're occluded. And your vacuum's going up and you've got this sort of great build and then for whatever reason it's the worst that will break. So either you're loose like me and somehow you kind of let go or you break through a piece and all of the sudden you get this sort of rapid change in pressure because you've been building, building, building and then that breaks and there's some lag time between the kind of reaction of you to get off that vacuum and that piece breaking and that can cause your chamber to really dynamically change in size so rapidly shallowing which can bring a lot of problems. And so what we're doing with all these fancy fluidics and the new machines is essentially trying to account for that rapid change and prevent the chamber from shallowing or a big kind of rapid pressure change. And the new, the new machines actually are like the century and it's really, really nice. There are fluidic sensors in the handpiece and in the machine to try and anticipate that sort of break in pressure vacuum change and keep your, keep your chamber stable. There's also separate chamber stabilization software that's also trying to do the same but the biggest problem that that gives us in surgery is that that bag or other things can kind of immediately come right up into your FACO tip and you can get into big trouble with surge. Yes, so older surgeons who trained prior to FACO understood surge more intuitively because we had to do manual aspiration. Okay, so we used a syringe. Some of you have seen this device on outreach or once in a while we use it here. Simco, have you guys seen the Simco in action yet? No? Okay, the Simco is basically a cannula. It has irrigation, gravity-fed irrigation and it has vacuum or aspiration created by a syringe that's attached to your tubing. And all I'm doing is I'm pulling with my thumb and I'm pulling to create that that aspiration flow rate, occluding and then the vacuum will start to rise.  Okay, it's because you're pulling so hard creating that vacuum that suddenly as soon as you break through and you're no longer occluded, it just dumps the entire into your chamber into your tip because you're pulling so hard on the syringe. This is what we're trying to avoid in surgery. Now, what are some clues to surge in surgery? Those of you guys have done FACO. Maybe you can give everyone a little bit of flavor about what you're looking for when you're in surgery that may suggest that there's more surge. Showering on the chamber. Showering on the chamber. Instability, right? The bag is coming up and maybe flopping a little bit. The red reflex can change. Pupil winking, have you guys seen that? Pupil will just wink like this. If there's a lot of surge propensity, not necessarily bad surge. But you'll see the pupil wink. You'll see the chamber become unstable. The bag kind of just pulsates back and forth. Every time you clear your vacuum, every time you break your occlusion, everything's just starting to come shallower. Now, a little bit of surge is okay as long as it's manageable. But if you've got a significant amount of surge, that's where it gets dangerous and that's where we're going to have issues with popping the capsule. So, let's see. Peace came off. I was under occlusion and then I'm still aspirating, right? I'm still in position two and three and boom, chamber dumps. And that's what happens during surge and that's what you're trying to avoid. So on the new machine, there's actually a pressurized infusion. The centurion doesn't have a hanging bag anymore. You guys may notice that if we still have the infinity by the time you do Faco, you'll notice it's different. In the bag, again, we rise the pole up, but when you're here at the Moran where we only have centurions, it actually goes into a container with two walls and the walls actually come together and squeeze the bag and that's why we use soft bags. When we're using the infinity, we're using glass bottles still, right? But here, we're using that soft plastic bag to kind of squeeze together to actually pressurize infusion inside the eye. Okay, Siroff. This is part of the Faco tip that is moving in the ultrasonic motion, too. That's great. I doubt you'll get a question on this, but it's just more about how Faco is working. There's an actual crystal there that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. So electricity comes in, causes the crystal to vibrate, your tip will vibrate then. All right, Tina. A little more. A vacuum. So vacuum is important and the reason it's important is because we want to actually hold on to pieces during surgery and it's important because we also want to have good fallibility. If our vacuum is too low, pieces will tend to go away and we won't have good fallibility. Now, this is an important principle because we're going to talk about this a lot when you're in surgery but the vacuum... Now, this is in contrast to retina surgery, but the vacuum doesn't rise in Faco until you're occluded. Okay? So one of the classic things that we'll talk about is cortex removal. You guys tend to grab the cortex pieces and then push on the pedal, right?  But what you should think about first before you step deeper on the pedal is occluding the tip. Okay?  But you guys tend to do this and basically ramp up the vacuum before the tip is occluded and that should cause you alarm signs. That should make you shudder, okay? You don't want a lot of vacuum. That's not necessary. Those of you guys that have operated with me, you guys will complete all the cortex removal if you do it properly at about max 250 vacuum, right? The machine is set to 450 under my settings, but I'm trying to teach you guys a principle during surgery. If you hear... it gets really, really high and nothing's happening, right? That's a setup for surge, okay? Because suddenly if your occlusion is broken, you're going to grab the bag, those are the reasons why we don't try to ramp up the vacuum by stepping deeper in the pedal until we're occluded. So you actually want to grab the cortex. We'll teach you this kind of tornado technique, right? And the purpose of the tornado is that you can get more cortex inside the aspiration tip. If you just grab one clock hour, you can do that, but as Alan will show you in his videos, every time you grab one clock hour cortex and strip to the middle, you're creating a lot of stress and you grab two or three clock hours and you distribute that force over a larger area so it's a little bit gentler on the zonules, okay? But remember, vacuum doesn't change until you're occluded. I talk about this every year when I do this lecture in two years, big glass of water and I've got a marble down at the bottom and I'm going to ask you to take it out with a straw. How are you going to get that marble out of the bottom of the glass of water? Just using... Fill all the water out first and then you're down to the bottom and have the marble. No, that would be totally inefficient.  That's why this is so important. We want you guys to occlude first then the vacuum, you have control over the vacuum and then we can get it to rise, okay? How does the machine control the same process of... No, so vacuum, as we showed you on that diagram with the three, vacuum rise time increases faster if we have a faster aspiration flow rate, right? You do control the vacuum setting in terms of your max parameter, right? But the vacuum doesn't actually go up until you get occlusion. So the vacuum is like only the negative pressure part of it? Yeah, it's that holding power, right? That's what we want. Remember, aspiration is just things coming to your tip, right? Water, it could be lens material, iris, capsule, it's just things coming to your tip. It's making that full circle, right? You've got irrigation coming in, now you've got to bring it to the tip, okay? And it's just that full cycle of irrigation, aspiration. But the actual holding power, like your regular vacuum, or anything else, okay, or that suction cup when you put it on to a solid surface, that holding power, that's the vacuum. Now, this is totally different in retina surgery.  Look what's happening to the vacuum number. It's actually increasing, and it's not necessarily occluded. And that's the beauty of a venturi system, okay? Is that you can control vacuum in the system independent of occlusion, okay? And that's why retina guys like it, okay? They don't want to have to go and chase vitreous at the retina level.  They want to be able to just remove all the vitreous and do what they need to do and stay away from the retina, okay? So they want to have exquisite control of vacuum, and that's why the venturi pump does that. There's a few fake-home machines on the market that actually have peristaltic and venturi settings. And it's pretty amazing, I must tell you, because you can be... During cortex removal, you can be almost in the center of the eye and press on the pedal, and the cortex just comes right to your tip. It's a little freaky, okay? And you could be hovering up high in the AC, and you could have a piece way down the bag, and you could press on the pedal and that piece just goes right up to your tip, and it happens very quick, okay? And why? Because surgeons want to be quick. They want to get down with the case quick, and they may like to go in and out of peristaltic and venturi vacuum. But most of our machines are just peristaltic for fake-home, okay? Who goes next? Solve your side. A couple more. We could do stroke. Okay, so we talked about it a little bit when we talked about power, but it's just that distance that we're traveling, right? So the stroke is the entire distance, or whatever you set on your machine. This is something that we don't change, okay? You guys don't change the power stroke. I'm sorry, you don't change the stroke length at all. But what you do change is duty cycle, the time on, okay, and you change the power, okay? So when we have that hard, dense piece, it makes sense to use a longer stroke length to break up the pieces. You're creating more heat, more energy to break up those pieces, okay? All right, team out your side. Last one. So we didn't get to talking to venting, and I think you used some information about venting. I know it has to do with like the equalization. That's it, yep. Exactly. So errors introduced into the tubing, which equalizes pressure with the atmosphere to minimize surge, okay? The machine's taking care of this. You guys never have to worry about this. Just understand this with engineers or programming to machine, okay? In order to try, it's one more thing to prevent surge, okay? Surge is probably by far the way that we think we talk about the most, because that's where we have complications. Okay, Srav, just a few things. We kind of... You have too much shadow in your frequency. You don't move back and forth through each stroke. Somewhere between 27,000 and 60,000 hertz, okay? Our hip hurts cycles per second. Okay. And then inflow. I'll just kind of go through these quickly. We already talked about this. Irrigation flow going into the eye. Nothing special, okay? And then load we talked about. And then I think there's chatter. We also talked about this is important, though. So lens fragments are repelled because we don't want chatter. It makes it less efficient. And then you've got pieces down in the angle and the sulcus and the bag, and they're not staying with good fall ability at your tip. Okay? So this is what happens during chatter. Needle moves, boom, pieces go away. Okay? We don't want that chatter during surgery. Okay, now look at your handout. Just the last 10 minutes here. And I gave you two sheets to look at. So go home and play with and write down what you would want for settings. You can go and study everybody else's settings. What I'm showing you on the first page is what my settings are, okay? And let's go through those because I want you guys to look at some themes, okay? Let's say you were given a faker machine on outreach and you had to program it and your handy trusty technician representative is no longer there with you. What are you going to do? You're going to have to figure this out. Everyone's going to look to you as a surgeon. If you're going to do this, you guys have to do this on your own. So let's look at the first one, sculpting. And sculpting what we're doing is we're just starting the case. We're just kind of gently removing that soft, fluffy stuff. Or maybe we're creating our trench, right? So when we're sculpting a piece, just like an ice sculptor would do, do we actually want to have a lot of vacuum? No. So look at the vacuum column and notice what you see there. 80. Now the diagram is lines that are there for a reason. When you see a straight line, that means you're getting 80 all the time once you're occluded, okay? So the straight line, that's also referred to as panel or fixed control, right? You're not changing the amount of vacuum that occurs. You just want it to be constant as soon as you occlude, right? So that's what the straight line means. That's surgeon control, okay? And that means the deeper you step into that position, the more of that setting you're going to get. So notice that the vacuum is 80 and then the aspiration flow rate is also, is it fixed or is it surgeon control? Fixed. It's fixed. Why? You know, you're not trying to attract pieces to your tip and sculpt. You're actually using the tip and actually moving it around and shaving, right? There's no reason to stay in the middle and get a piece to come to your tip, right? So if you wanted to think about this, you could have made this 20 and it wouldn't have changed anything, but the ratio is important and it's basically 1 to 4, right? So aspiration flow rate 20 and then times 4 you get 80 for your vacuum, okay? Now, the IVH that's infusion bottle height not as important now with the centurion but when you're at the VA we're going to say go up on the bottle height down, okay? So these are some general settings of the bottle height. Now, the bottle height is also very important because it's dependent on where the patient's eye level is, okay? If the patient, if you were operating on the floor sitting Indian style, okay, when your bottle height was at 90 on the machine, you'd have a massive amount of fluid coming into the eye versus if you had it in a normal position. Does that make sense? So the infusion pressure that system is dependent on the eye level, the patient relative to the bottle height on the machine, okay? So most of the time the bed height doesn't move a lot. I mean it does move a little bit depending on how tall you are and if you can get your legs underneath but for the most part it doesn't change a lot so that's why we're changing the gravity pole and moving it up and down if we want more infusion. If we're losing our chamber, if things are getting shallow that's one of the things we can do What's your favorite conversion between bottle height and IOP? You know, I haven't looked at it I don't know the conversion but typically I will tell you on the Centurion when they first set it up for me they were setting up an IOP infusion pressure of 70 which retina guys do a lot that's what they operate a lot. In my personal opinion it's too high, okay? And there's a phenomenon that's been described a lot and that's basically this intraoperative malignant glaucoma or BSS misdirection and what happens is when you're pressurizing all that fluid into the eye it's got to go somewhere, right? Either you're aspirating it out but if you're not aspirating that fluid's going trans-onular hydrating the vitreous causing a lot of posterior pressure so Borsmel, you can have I think he won the video last year at Asper's if you haven't seen it yet, it's great he'll show pieces, lens fragments sitting in the high-loid, anterior high-loid and why does that happen? Because of that pressurized infusion, right? It's too high and it's basically causing that fluid and little tiny lens fragments to go and sit behind and you may think, oh, I'm going to go and grab those pieces when I'm polishing and you think, oh no, maybe those are just floaters but in some cases it's actually lens material that's actually sitting in the anterior high-loid because it's gone trans-onular because of this problem with the new infusion pressure bottle heights or pressurized infusion systems personally, I operate at 40 I think that's plenty of pressure I have a lot of glaucoma patients I don't want them to live at 70 during the case even though we're coming in and out of the eye but I tend to operate at a 40 IOP on the centurion which is probably around 90 of infusion bottle heights there is a translation there when you see the centurion, you can either see IOP or you can see centimeters to kind of give you that QO I used to operate at 90 so this is the pressure I want to operate on but in general I think the infusion pressure is too much on the centurion ok, let's go down, CHOP so what do you notice about CHOP now you've got infusion bottle height we've increased that the longitudinal FACO I'm only using longitudinal FACO and the reason I like to only use longitudinal FACO in the CHOP mode is that I want you guys to bury into the tip into the lens piece and occlude it so that the vacuum will rise so I don't necessarily want you guys to be super efficient and basically make a big cavity and then suddenly lose your occlusion I want you to jackhammer eeee vacuum goes up and just eeee you'll hear that high pitch noise meaning the occlusion is on so your vacuum will then rise proportionally and look what happens under vacuum or is it surgeon control under vacuum for CHOP fixed, because what I want you to do is as soon as you capitate into that piece and you get occlusion I don't want you to have to step deeper in the pedal and try to hold it I want you to basically for the machine to top out at 400 and then for you to relax bring the piece to the center and then do your chopping so that's why I personally like to have fixed vacuum for the CHOP mode that's the difference when you're with me if I have you operate in somebody's settings where it's not fixed what you have to do is then impale into the piece and then you actually have to step deep into position 3 just to hold the piece there and sometimes too much is going on you're thinking how am I going to CHOP this how am I going to bring it out of the bag it's one less thing for you guys to have to worry about once you're occluded so how have you felt it? have you noticed that? as soon as it's on fixed panel control the vacuum goes right up to 400 so you're not going to have to step deeper to hold it it's already going to occur as long as you're occluded now aspiration flow rate I have it on surgeon control it's a non-zero start it starts at 10 and then it goes up to 40 which means this is the attraction force again if that piece isn't coming quickly to your tip you can step deeper into position 2 control the speed of the aspiration flow rate and then bring those pieces quicker to your tip alright now let's go to quadrant mode and what do you notice about the vacuum in quadrant mode it's fixed or linear surgeon control and the reason for that is that once you've already chopped up the pieces you're just hanging out in the center of the eye I want you to be able to control how fast you emulsify the piece in that fall ability if you don't need a ton of vacuum then that allows you to just modulate okay, I'm going to go ahead and step deeper create more vacuum or let's say you want to chop a piece but you're in quadrant mode so you can step deeper into position 3 and then do another chop if you need to but I want you guys to be fully in control of how fast and how efficient the emulsification works and that's why you see vacuum and aspiration flow rate have that diagonal and it's under surgeon control okay now I have something under vacuum for everybody setting and that's the last chip vacuum SRAM is probably the only one that I've operated so far that's used it but what you're doing is you're trying to minimize the surge that happens on the last chip I wouldn't say all cases of bad breakage are due to the last chip but many are I pulled last year seniors and I would say 50% of the PCRs that we had last year were due to the last chip and everything else is just that one last chip right? this whole freak right there, bag hits your tip boom, bag breaks and it happens so quickly in my experience taking the vacuum threshold and putting it to 200 doesn't reduce the efficiency all it does is it helps to maintain that chamber because now you don't have that 400 of negative suction as soon as the occlusion breaks the maneuver of taking the vacuum down to 200 is now our last chip setting so when you guys are in that in that position if you feel like things are moving too fast and that bag is really dynamic the iris is winking you should go ahead and engage the last chip setting it's entitled flip at the VA okay? you'll go in the chop, quad and then we have one more setting called flip it's the same power it's using the same ultrasound energy but the vacuum has been toned down to 200 so you will not be even if you occlude the tip you will not be able to exceed 200 under the last chip setting and I think that helps to protect you guys and keep things a little bit slower compared to epinuclease it's also safer to use torsional power in that setting is it more efficient? this is my personal bias torsional is excellent it's really good it's so good that if you get close to the capsule and just graze it going like this you will cut the bag versus if you go in like this with longitudinal you can sometimes be lucky you'll grab the bag and you'll let go quickly and you will not have broken the capsule and that's because longitudinal fagal is not as efficient as cutting you may go and actually suck the capsule and then you let go no breakage it's very efficient with the torsional it's very good at cutting the bag so personally when I have you guys on epinuclease I don't have any torsional power it's all along with your tool of power but it's a lot lower we're only using 40% duty cycle only 10 pulses it's pretty slow in control but epinuclease is soft stuff you don't need the efficiency of torsional fagal to remove soft epinuclease stuff alright but in your mind you can basically remember 1 to 10 for your chop and your quadrant your vacuum and your aspiration flow rates are going to be roughly 1 to 10 in that ratio if you had to program the machine from scratch everything else just gets toned down epinuclease is less vacuum polish these are all very straight forward settings you don't control any power obviously all you're doing is controlling the aspiration flow rate the purpose is to have those on surgeon control so you can control how fast that vacuum is moving during the cortex removal okay second page is for you guys it's a blank sheet you guys can go and customize your own settings learn from other surgeons is what they're putting in but that's just for you for the future whenever you guys start to kind of customize your settings it's just a blank sheet for you alright question


Welcome to ITU Telecom World 2019 in Budapest Hungary and I'm pleased to be joined in the studio now by Professor America Muconga who is the Chairman of the Board of the Regulatory Authority of Communications of Mozambique. Welcome to the studio. Thank you. Now Professor Muconga I wanted to ask you, innovating together connectivity that matters is this events theme. What makes connectivity important in your view? Connectivity is very important mainly because if we look to the importance of telecommunication, if I roll back say 20 years ago, if there was no telephone for instance it would mean that myself and you wouldn't be able to communicate. So that essential means that maybe I couldn't talk to my wife or call my kids and that was it. But today telecommunication they have moved from only allowing for people to connect to becoming essential for the function of an economy in society. Today if you don't have connectivity it means that for instance you cannot get money from the bank, you cannot pay electricity, you cannot get electricity, you cannot pay for water, you can't book for an airline ticket, you can't book for a hotel. So today connectivity is much more important than what it was before and because of that connectivity is important today not only for those who live in the cities but it's also important for those who live even in the rural areas. So it's essential that we get connectivity to everyone because only then we can get the effect of communications as part of the engine that makes society to work in the economy to develop. What single innovation do you think is going to contribute most to digital transformation? Well and this this is very important because as you you you the more connectivity you provide the more services you see that come that you wouldn't expect. Just to give you an idea, until recently we all thought that to expand the financial services to rural areas then we have to have the bank there but after the innovation that came with the introduction of mobile banking we know today that we can take the services to rural areas without even having the bank there. So some innovations that they were not even thought of as part of the system that could change the the future they're happening and they bring the effort. I'm very hopeful of the impact 5G will bring because when we talk 5G we talk sensors, we talk agriculture, we talk education, talk health care. So suddenly we see that there are innovations that we couldn't think of before because of the level of technology at that time but today they can come and have a transformative effect into the life of the people. And what does the regulatory landscape look like for communications in Mozambique? Mozambique today I'd say that it has a very advanced regulation. As far as I know from the interaction that we have with other regulators it's perhaps the only country where you can get a license for virtually any service with the exception of just one service as mobile telephony. This is the only one that you cannot get it but all other services you simply walk in and get a license. And in terms of collaboration and cooperation how important do you think that is and how important do you think that the role of governments is within this? Collaboration is very important. When I look to the role of a regulator in a country, regulators it's in between government, operators and consumers and it's very important to balance the importance or the objectives of each of them. We want of course consumers to have a very good service at affordable prices but we know that companies also have to make money and we know that the government has societal objectives around this. So we need to balance those objectives and collaborating especially now that we want to expand services to rural areas. Collaboration is even more important because as we see from the perspective of the operator he always wants to start where he can get a quick return of investment but we want to connect the other half and so for that there's a need to have a collaboration between the regulator and the government and the operator so that we can bring the services to rural areas. Now you're taking the time to be here I wanted to ask you what's the value for you of attending events such as ITU Telecom World? Well attending we as a country when we come to an event like this one like now we have this tent we look this an opportunity to bring our innovators so that first I mean they can showcase the solutions and products they are they are bringing but also an opportunity for them to link with the rest and learn from what is happening and from there they can develop more ideas or they can expand their audience in order to become a service that we think that they will have a transformative effect to today economy. You know Mozambique has natural resources like gas etc we know that can be useful also for developing the economy but innovation, ICTs etc they're proving that they are they can bring more revenue to the country they can bring more wealth than the traditional energy or traditional agriculture etc not that agriculture and all industries is not important it needs to be developed but also we need to tap on the advantage the science can bring and so coming here for us is an opportunity to be part of the global digital economy. And how well have the SMEs been received here? Very well and last year when we attended this event in Deben one of our innovators one of our startups was second in the ranking we have also we're brought to this country six startups and we hope that the products that they bring to also be among I mean the highly ranked within I mean the other startups that are here in this conference so we want to continue improving this and I'm very glad to see that the innovation and the innovation that is happening in Mozambique it's supported by the industry so for instance one of the incubators is within the private banks in the bank we have one innovation that's working within the embassy the Dutch embassy and we have innovation of course at the university we have innovation central bank so we have participation of various entities that are interested in bringing innovation and as such it will help to develop some small and medium enterprises in the country that in time can develop services and bring wealth to the country. Well Professor American Machanga thank you very much for joining us in the studio and very best of luck with your SMEs and in their in their competition rankings and hopefully we'll catch up with you again in the very near future. Thank you very much we will be here definitely next year somewhere but together with ITO to develop in this network. Thank you very much.


Jerry, that's a third glass already. That's right, Jerry, pour the water in no remodeling. Hey, wait a second. Careful, Jerry, you're pretty near miss that one. There's just one thing I'd like to know. I've meant to ask for a long time. What's that? How did I happen to get this job of pouring water anyhow? Tell him how he got promoted to a water corporal. What's like this, Jerry? The newest man at each table is water corporal. No, OK. But how long do I keep the job? Until another new man comes along. Yeah, but maybe there won't be another new man. Then you pour the water. Is it such a hard job? No, but I don't get a chance to eat. Go ahead and eat. We've had enough now. Would you like some nice strawberry jam on your bread? Where is it? I don't know. I was just asking you if you'd like some. Watch it, Jerry. Here comes the glass. The water. Don't keep the man waiting down at the end. You'd think everybody at this table was a sponge instead of a human being. Air, hand it down. Hand it down to the end. Hand it down. All right, you're all set now, Jerry. All the glasses are filled. Now you can eat your dinner. Hey, you fellas have had your dessert already. Sure, we're not slow eaters. Everyone's finished eating. See, Captain Bullgart's going to address this now.  It's good. Watch it. Attention, men. Attention. Not too bad. It was swell pudding. Oh, applesauce. No, the pudding. Quiet, please, at that table. I have an important announcement to make, men. Tomorrow afternoon, Major Davis is entertaining a few friends, army men. So instead of having our regular monthly full dress parade and review next week, we'll take place tomorrow. I want to see every cadet at his very best. We'll receive further instructions from Cadet Major Medcalf. Cadets Dunlap, Rockwell, Wallace, Swanson, Warren, Lockhart, and Thorpe will be excused from classes in the fall of noon to help Kirk Prentice erect and decorate the revealing stand. Now, Sergeant Oldham has a word for you. Sergeant Oldham. Thank you, Captain. Men, the annual riding contest between Fair Oaks and Edson Military Institute is not far off. As you all know, the rivalry between FMA and EMI is key. Now, in the past four years, we have each won the Hunter Craig Silver Cup two times, EMI being last year's winner and present holder of the trophy. The school winning the cup three times becomes the permanent holder. So it's up to FMA to win this next contest and claim the handsome trophy as our own. That cup belongs in the trophy case in Custer's Hall. And we're going to see to it that it's put there. Right. Right. Right. Edson Military Institute has a good team. Excellent formation riders and very good jumpers. But we have a good team, too. Yes, equally good. But I'm sorry to say not complete. Now, there are two places open. Those places must be filled in soon. Now, within the next couple of days, I'm going to post on the bulletin board a list of cadets that are eligible for the team. If your name appears on the list, I want you to consider it an honor to come out to the stables and try out for a position. The glory will be yours when we win that Hunter Craig trophy. And we've got to do it. That's all, men. Yeah! Did you hear that, Jerry? I'll bet your name will be on the list. Boy, if you make them out of drill team, will that be something? Shh! Cadet Captain Lockhart will lead the singing of our alma mater. Attention! But Captain Bogart said, dress parade tomorrow. Well, I'll be glad to see that. I've never seen a dress parade. Say that's right, you haven't. Too bad you won't be in it. Why won't he? Because he hasn't got a dress uniform. I guess that's a good reason. I wonder when I'm going to get it. Pretty soon now. You can expect it almost any day. Hey, come here, fellas. Let's stall here by the doorway. OK, move over, Harold. That's better. Now, listen, we'll have to talk fast. All right. What is it? Well, I figured out a keen place to meet. When? In a few minutes. In a few minutes? We've got to go to the study hall now. I know that. But do we have to stay there? We're supposed to. Yeah, we're supposed to do a lot of things that we're not going to do tonight. Now, get this. One by one, we'll sneak out of study hall. We'll signal to each other when the coast is clear. I may even go up to Captain Bogart's desk and talk with him while a couple of you make your getaway. That's taking an awful chance. Well, don't you want to take the chance? Oh, sure. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, man, I'm all for it. All right. Now then, when we get out, we'll go into Captain Rowland's classroom, right down the hall there. But it's dark in there. And if we turn on the lights, we'll be caught. Do you need light to talk? Pipe down, please, and let me do the talking. I've got this figured out, and it'll work if you'll just pay attention. Go ahead, Lee. Eat pipe down, you fellas. Well, in the first place, we've got to get out of the study hall. Then we'll duck into the classroom. Is that all, sir? Come on, boys. Out of the study hall. Yes, sir. The corridor is no meeting place, no loitering. Wow, was that a close call? Yeah. Well, you got the orders now before we go in? Yeah, all set. You understand, Jerry? Carol? Check. Check. OK, let's go in now and watch for signals. Let's sit as close as possible together. Yeah, good idea. Hey, right over here, here's four together. Let's settle down now.  OK, that's not you. Quiet. Do you want to spoil everything? Well, can I help it if I have to sneeze? You don't have to be so loud and attract so much attention. Pipe down, Captain Bogart's looking this way. All right, I'll get up to his desk now and start talking to him before somebody else does. When he's not looking, you sneak out, Tubby. OK, and duck into Captain Roland's room. Check. Then you get out, Harold. All right, here I go. Be careful now. Captain Bogart, sir. You're there, Phillips. I wonder if you'd give me a little help with a problem. Be glad to. Come around this side of the desk. Yes, sir. That's it. Now, what is it you'd like to know? Well, sir, in measuring the span and rise of an arch, I know I've had this in your class, but I've forgotten just which way this is. Excuse me, Phillips. Yes, sir. Yes? Oh, yes, Major Davis. No, no, not at all. Yes, sir, I'll come right down. Phillips, you'll have to look up the answer to whatever your question is in this book here. Let's see, this is the one right here. I'm going to have to go down to Major Davis's office for a few minutes. Yes, sir. You can use the book right here at my desk if you wish. Thank you, sir. They made it, Lee, in just in time. Harold just got through the door when the captain left his desk. See, I hope they weren't caught in the hallway. Come on, let's go. Now? Sure, this is a good time. Captain Bogart had to go down to see Major Davis for a few minutes. Come on, hurry. OK, but come on. Captain into the Major's office now. Boy, it's lucky he didn't look back. Come on, let's run for it. That you leave? Be quiet. Hey, who's in here? Oh, cut it out, Jerry. Come on down here on the blackboard so we can see a little by this moonlight that's coming in the window. Come on, Harold. Boy, we just made it. I thought for sure I'd give court. All right, now listen, we've got to work fast. Is the paint set, Tubby? All set. A nice, wide brush so we can work fast. I had to go all around the block to plant the stuff. I went down all the way. All right, all right, we can hear that later. Now, let's draw lots and see who's going to do the painting. How are you going to do that? I've got it. Let's toss erasers. I don't get you. What do you mean, Jerry? Well, we'll lag erasers against the wall, and the one coming nearest gets to paint the stack. Oh, good idea. All right, grab an eraser, you fellas. Yeah, I got one. OK, now stand back out here. You go first, Harold. OK. Boy, that was a close, but it bounced back. I'll go next. I can't see it. It's about two inches from the wall. OK, here goes mine. How's that? I can see mine all right. Then you'll have to go some to beat that cadet, Dugan. Well, looks like I get the honor of doing the paint job. Just let me out that smoke stack. Yeah, wait a minute. I'm good at this, Lagan. What do you think I suggested it for? OK, go ahead, let's see. Jerry wins. Shh, quiet. How's that? Quite against the wall. Yep, you got it, Jerry. Congratulations. Now, what's next to take up? Well, the paint and brush are ready. You're going to do the painting, and we'll help with the ladders. Yeah, stand by to give warning. When do we do it? Well, let's meet in our room right after Taff's. Before the officer of the day makes his rounds? Sure, why not? He doesn't look in the room the first time around. OK, that's it then. All meet in our room, even before Taff's. Sneak over from the washroom. Check? Check. Come on then, let's get out of here. Captain Bogart will be coming back any minute. I'll open the door and see if the coast is clear. How is it? OK, come on. Hey, wait a minute. I left my composition book in the room. You will. Well, go on back and get it. Hurry. We'll sneak back into study hall. Come on, Jerry and Tuffy. All right, Major Davis. Linwell. Oh, yes, sir. What were you doing in Captain Rowland's classroom at this hour of night? In Captain Rowland's room, yes, sir.  What were you doing in there? Nothing, sir. And what did you go in there for? Well, what did I? Yes, sir. Is anyone else in there? Oh, no, sir. Are you going to tell me what you were doing in that room? Oh, no, sir. I mean. Never mind, Linwell. I think I know what this is all about. I recall you and a couple of other cadets talking here in the hallway before you went into study hall. And I think I remember who the other cadets were. I'll look into this later. Go on now. Get back into study hall. Yes, sir. You might tell your friends that you were caught. They might be interested in knowing. Yes, sir.