I'm Petr Spacek working for CZethnic on Not Resolver project, but right now speaking generally about DNS and the madness associated with it. So, is a single vendor enough or not? Well, in short, we'll go through how we will select a vendor just to wake you up. I would like to make it more interactive because in the end, we will have some time for discussion how we can make it, we as a vendors, how can we make it easier for you as users of the software to deploy more software from more vendors at the same time and still stay sane with your setups. So, we'll look at the single vendor, what you want to configure then, why it's not a good idea to use a single vendor, then what you get if you have multiple implementations deployed at the same time, what are the problems and what we can do with it. So, selecting a vendor, of course, everyone wants features, features, features, then possibly performance and then reliability is not even on the slide because that's usually, you need to wake up in the middle of night when it crashes and solve it. But yeah, we'll see. So, features. DNS is a madness. This is screenshot from Bert's tool, DNS camel. You can look it up and it has like 200 different RFCs with different features, clarifications, whatever, and you need to pick what you want in different implementations. So, let's try. Who is using dynamic DNS updates? Please raise your hand so we can see. Okay. So, that's less than I expected. So, what we have DNS sec on the slide, who is using DNS sec? Oh, that's even more than dynamic updates. I'm surprised. They go together so well. Well, okay. So, something more interesting. DNS 64, still some hands apparently. We didn't spend time implementing in just for nothing. Okay, electric curves in DNS sec. Anyone? Wow. Really? Oh, wow. Okay. And the name. Does anyone recall what the name is? Recall again. Okay. And is anyone using it? Please use the other hand. Okay, like two people in the room. Okay. Well, not really much. And we could go on and on and on with this game because there is plenty of features to pick on. Different vendors have different subsets and different approach to configure them. So, that's one piece of like vendor selection game. Then you have performance, right? Someone just don't need to care because the throughput is so low that you just don't need to care about it.  So, maybe we can try. Who has like at least thousand queries per second on our third at this site? Okay. Varan, you don't need to raise your hand in this game. Okay. So, that was 1,000. So, 10,000. Okay. Still, okay. And more than 100,000 QPS. Okay. Still some hands. So, apparently... All together or one? Huh? All together or one? On one server, of course. Sorry. I should have said that in front. So, again, there is a huge scale from very small deployments to huge ones and some people care about performance, some don't. Okay. Then SLA, of course. If you want to have your DNS up and running all the time because someone is paying you for it, you might want to consider getting a contract with support. So, who has some support contract not without specifying any conditions? Okay. Some people, okay. And who has like 12 hours response time in the support contract? Anyone? And we sell them. Okay. Yeah, that's the other side, yeah. Okay. Well, not really a lot. So, let's see how the presentation goes. Maybe it's 11. Anyway, whatever you do when you are selecting a vendor, one day the phone will start ringing in the middle of night, most probably on Christmas day or something like that because everyone loves that. Well, the reason is that no matter what you do when you are selecting the software, there will be bugs. It's just the matter of fact. So, the question is how we deal with that. The problem is that really there is no single vendor here which is like super reliable or not. I'm not picking on anyone. It's sorted alphabetically. Bind has its own problems. Well, not DNS has its own problems as well. Microsoft DNS is not an exception. Power DNS unfortunately is on my list as well. Unbound belongs to the same club. So, maybe self-hosting software might not be the right solution. So, cloud to the rescue, will it help? No, of course not. Everyone from the big cloud providers had some problem as well. Cloudflare was down because of BGP mess, Dine that's famous, so I will not elaborate. Google had problems from time to time as well. There is no safe place to hide. So, what can we do? Well, you know, the Linux store world couple years ago had famous quote that it was like, oh, if your deployment depends on having all the complex pieces up and running all the time, you have a serious technological problems. You should reconsider. You should have the ability to handle bugs because it will happen. It something will crash no matter what you do. So, yeah, this is the reason why I'm trying to emphasis, put emphasis on diversity, software diversity here. So, ah yeah, there's the quote, I forgot it's on slide. So, if your mission depends on every single piece of complex equipments thing up, you have some serious technological problems. So, you would better have capabilities to handle bugs. That's exactly it. So, sure, of course everyone knows this, but once you are start deploying software from multiple vendors, it has some pros and some cons. So, the pros are kind of obvious, or at least some of them. At least the packet of depth is unlikely, right? If I have two different implementations like no DNS and NSD or something, it's unlikely that both implementations will crash when observing the same packet. So, this makes some types of attacks super hard or much harder. Well, if you think about it for a little more, maybe if you have two different implementations which work reasonably well, you don't need to get up in the middle of night when one of them crashes because if the other is taking over, well, maybe it can wait till morning. And of course, if you have, if you are not depending on single implementation, maybe you don't need SLA with one hour response time or something crazy like that, but you might get two support contracts but which much easier conditions and does price. So, well, of course there are some costs involved as well. You have to pick the vendors first which is super annoying because you have to go through it and test it and so on. But usually if you do your selection right, you will keep the result for a couple of years. So, that's not the biggest problem. Biggest problem is the operational complexity, right? Because if you have, I don't know, NSD and PowerDNS and you want to add a slave zone to both of them, you have to do it basically twice or end times if you have implementations. So, that's super annoying and everyone has like different approach to handling that. Someone has homegrown configuration system, someone tries to buy it and then he has to tweak it anyway because he doesn't do everything. Monitoring is possibly more complex depending on what you want to monitor and how granular statistics you want to gather because of course different implementations are using different terms and monitor different statistics a little bit. So, you might not get exactly what you want from the other implementation. So, of course automation is the key. If you are going to deploy more than one implementation and still want to stay sane, you have to automate, otherwise bad things will happen and paperwork that's like just for the completeness. But besides having pros and cons, there are some serious traps. These are especially associated with OEMs, basically the companies who sell appliances which are typically a black box. So, beware because if you buy an appliance and you have no idea what's inside and then you decide to add a second implementation just as a good measure, for example, as a slave, it might not help you because if the implementation inside the appliance is the same as the slave you just installed for good measure, it might crash using exactly the same packet. So, like for example, Infoblox is shipping modified version of bind. So, it doesn't make any sense to have Infoblox and bind as like second implementation because it's not a second implementation. It's very likely to have the same box. The same goes for other vendors as well. It's of course there are some which have custom implementation but very often it's some open source software. And the important thing is to remember that it's changing over time. So, the fact that you asked your OEM five years ago and they gave you reply, okay, we are shipping NSD inside. It doesn't mean that it's still NSD five years after all. For example, a Secure64 is selling or was selling DNSX sign there which was based on NSD but they in recent years changed to not DNS authoritative. But they are not telling anyone or it's not promoted really. So, you have to ask. So, if you decide to go with OEM, please ask and make sure that you know what's inside. It's important for the diversity. Okay. So, recommendations is very simple. You set list to different implementations at very least in the part of the network which is facing the users or the public site, let's say. And beware of OEMs, double check what's inside. But this is easier set than done because again we are to the configuration nightmare with multiple implementations. So, what can we do? This is the part where I would like to turn to you and ask what you want to configure, what you configure most often because we as the DNS software vendors can do something. We can agree on interfaces for the most common stuff. Of course, not on everything because bind has, if you printed manual with list of options for bind, it would be like this wall and maybe that wall as well. So, it doesn't make to invent common interface for something which is not implemented anywhere else. But it makes sense to agree on common interface for reasonable subset of features. So, for example, I don't know, slaving zones and so on, which is basically the same everywhere and it's different just in the format you specify in the configuration file. But other than that, it's the same feature. So, what do you do most often, right? It's for simple things like deleting zones, there is like no discussion necessary because you just specify basically the operation like delete and then name of the zone and the rest is just sugar, it can be anything. But for more complex stuff like ACLs or T6 or so on, it might be more interesting. Does your ACL depend on T6 or is it just subnet based or is it some ACL which contains more than one subnet or is it combination of subnets and T6 keys? Or there is many options how we can name whatever or put whatever under name of ACL, but different operators have different notion of what's their typical use. So, is there anyone who is using T6 keys for authorizing something in ACL? Please raise your hand, okay. And do you have some more fancy combinations? Can you tell me, yell at me, what do you have like 100 different keys in one ACL or something like that? Or just one key, few keys. Can you clarify few, like 10 or? We can Google few or people few. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Oh yeah, okay, so four. Two keys rolling. Two keys rolling, okay, excellent. So we tried to use thousands of T6 keys, but it didn't scale. Okay. So I'm embarrassed to say the evil hacks that we did around that, but we wanted to do that, so. Okay, so it didn't scale because of configuration or the server had a problems processing thousands of keys? Basically every query it would search through all the keys. A linked list of T6 keys and doing the crypto on each one until it found the match, so. Oh, I see, okay, yeah, that's nightmare, obviously. Yeah. Okay. I also think the T6 keys came in nightmare because quite often you configure it per client IP address, sometimes per zone, and so it's one software is different than the other. Yeah, I want to get the feedback. What's most useful? Of course we are not limited to this slide, right? Actually, if you ask me, I would not say it's an API, but we heard before and that is where I was coming from the first name server was bind. And I think the name deep.com syntax is the one which is mostly comfortable, everybody was asked. When I first made my puppet module and converted the name deep.com to an not com, I said, oh my God, it's nightmare. And it was really like going from NSD to bind was quite easy going from to not was really complicated because it had more options also with the ACL stuff. So if you think you want to come in like a common configuration for all just like cope with the name deep.com file, every name server should support it, not necessarily with all the features of bind support, but just master is a slave is, and maybe a GC key that would solve probably 90%. Yeah, do we have anyone from ISC in the room? Ah, okay. Can you share some thoughts about the name deep.com and its future course? Well, looking at this, I'm thinking catalog zones that we have. And I think that's the future of sharing zones between different implementations. With catalog zones, we have for each zone that's well going to be slaved. You can define ACLs with TCIG. And well, you can basically define a very, well, it's really hard to find a subset that would work for everyone, but we have ACLs like IP based ACLs. We have TC keys. So basically if you have a slave that slaves of the master with catalog zones, you can configure all those options using catalog zone and it works. So, you know, now you're moving. Yeah, of course. The thing is that the catalog zones are just the zones, right? In the server, there's a lot of stuff you want to configure like you want to read statistics. And if you have multiple implementations, you want to get statistics from all of them, right? Not just bind. And it's like, yeah, that's the problem. Yeah, of course catalog zones can solve little subset of it. And we would like to solve like the problem in generic way. So you can actually use multiple implementations and not to mess with like, okay, so how do I set catalog zones in Power DNS? And how do I set catalog zones in Node DNS? And how do I set catalog zones in NSD? Because then, you know, okay, excellent. Microphone is passing. So yeah, this is not the first time the vendors have tried to come up with a consistent configuration that can be used for everyone. Not everyone. I'm asking about subsets. I'm asking operators for their wishes for subsets. At least open source vendors set together and it was very hard to come up to a conclusion and the effort was thrown away. And then a couple of years later, people ask again because there is a demand for it because of this story. And then we try again. It's very hard. We give up. So maybe it is a good way not to try to tackle everything. So catalog zones start with that and then do the next one. So take them off bit by bit. I would be my suggestion. Okay, bit by bit certainly. Yeah, we cannot boil the ocean. So I'm gonna open a completely different can of worms. Part of the problem is configuration but even more annoying part is monitoring. Yes, exactly. What would be really nice is if people could just publish like the standard that seems to work easily and nicely is Prometheus style metrics. Bind already does XML style. It would be easy for bind to publish Prometheus style. Unbound has sort of an interface having a conversion where that also did Prometheus style. And if not wanted to do something like it seems like that's an easy low hanging fruit statistic channel to add. Exactly. You know, we need to know what operators want to see because there is no point in exposing everything from inside of the server besides other things it has, it's associated cost. So. Compatible keywords between the vendors, right? Okay. Yeah, statistics might be easier than configuration because that's at least three tonally. Yeah. And monitoring is not only statistics but also simple stuff like what's the status of a zone? Like was it on the slave server? Was it refreshed last time? When was it refreshed? I want to know that it will expire soon before it will just expire. Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. Yeah, that's, yeah. Good point. It's also been supported by all vendors at the moment. Yeah, maybe for DNS like which keys are trusted and so on because in the light of the roll over it would be useful to have interface to look into it and not wait for the midnight or TTL expires. Yeah. Okay. Okay. Any other requirements? I would love to hear them. What you want to see from your server either on statistics site or configuration. Okay, so apparently we know everything. Yeah, excellent. Thank you for that attention. Thank you, Peter. Oh, okay.


Well, I'm Mike from ABM, so I'm going to talk about the DirectNet fragmentation and originally it was talk, talk was intended how do we implement some extensions to page allocator to reduce DirectNet fragmentation. After running some benchmarks, I'm not convinced we need this, it's more about probably we don't really care about DirectNet fragmentation. Probably there is a question, yeah. So there are a few use cases that require fragmenting the DirectNet, these are all the places that allocate memory for code. There is secret memory and there are potentially SCV, SNP, TDX, although I'm not sure they be able to get away with it because they don't preallocate memory, but rather they fragment it as they go and I don't really see how they can get around it. And there was also use case to use PKS protection for page tables that Intel pushed a while ago and they stopped and probably they'll get back to it, I don't know. And there was some patch set about permissioned malloc, probably this was mostly targeting code allocations, so it might be not really relevant for general usage. So when we talked with Michal about the GFP unmapped page that I posted, I realized that people in MMM probably don't really know much about how code is allocated. So it's a brief recap. Essentially every place that allocates memory for code, like ftrace, kprobs, BPF modules, use module alloc, which is re-implemented by every architecture, by most of the architectures. And it essentially does Vmalloc inside a restricted virtual address space because every architecture has some own restrictions where the code can be placed relatively to the kernel image itself. And whenever the module rwx is enabled, the all memory that was allocated for the whole kind of elf image of the module, like code data and everything else, is then split into 4K chunks so that read-only data gets its read-only attributes, executable is read-executed and so on. And the attributes in the page tables are not only set in the Vmalloc address space, but also in the DirectMap alias, which causes a split of large pages in the DirectMap, and allegedly it reduces system performance. So a while ago I've sent a patch to create yet another version of caching of two Mac pages to reduce the fragmentation of the DirectMap so that once we need to allocate a page for something that needs different protection, different than default protections, we allocate a two Mac page at one go, and then we distribute the two Mac pages between the users. The whole patch and discussion is there, it's just a brief recap. And then I went to get the numbers. So this is a description of what a benchmark it was, AMD Zen 3 machine with 256 megs of RAM, two sockets, it runs Susie Leap because Susie is the most easy system to run MMM tests on. And the benchmarks were with the 6.3 RC4 and the non-vanilla version is 6.3 RC4 with the GFPN mapped applied. And I used the page alloc from MMM tests, and as I said, the run was several database benchmarks and the kernel bench, and to add to the mix a file, because when I did similar tests a long time ago, if I was the most sensitive benchmark to differences in the DirectMap representation. So for every run, I had a background job that did modprob and modprobminusr for 37 megs of models from netfilters just to keep sitting busy with the fragment in the DirectMap. And the results are peculiar. There were tests that showed advantage to using GFPN mapped and there were tests that showed it introduces regressions. Most of them had terrible signal to noise. And so the whole set of results can be downloaded from there, just quick examples. So the micro benchmarks are generally not very sensitive. Every difference is below 10%, and the standard deviation is usually not higher than 50%. But when you go to somewhat more complex, like PgBench or mutilate with MAMCHD, it gets a more interesting spread and here it's like the most interesting. The standard deviation for both benchmarks is way more than it should be. It kind of confirms the set of tests until folks run a couple of years ago that they just used the four case or two Mac pages for the entire DirectMap and run the set of benchmarks. And what they got, that largely it's better to use one G code two Mac pages for most of the use cases, but it's not necessarily true and the tests were as noisy as this. So my takeaways from this is another thing that seems really important to people is that people do want to have two Mac pages for code, especially Thomas and Peter. You hear them constantly repeating that we need to make pages for code and we can't we are better with lower ITLB pressure. I could confirm that lower ITLB pressure is not bad. It's a while ago with the more disruptive test that fragmentation in the DirectMap fragmentation in the kernel image mapping actually brought MAMCHD benchmarking by 10-20%, brought down MAMCHD benchmarks by 10-20%. And there was some benchmarks songly run for his proposal for ExactMap malloc that showed a couple of 10% improvement on ITLB miss. I don't know how it will really translate into a real benchmark or real workload improvements. So Thomas claims that the ITLB is very small. The twin assumptions of this is that the TLB itself, if we take a TLB miss, it's a very expensive process to fill it. One of the things your results and the reason for the huge error bars might be because deterministically the CPU is actually trying to do prefetching to cover up for this. So that might be one reason why the error bars are so big because you can't see what the CPU is doing in the background. What the other is, I thought most CPUs had moved away from separated ITLB, DTLB, and they all use a combined TLB. It depends on which level. So is Intel telling us that they still have ITLB, DTLB, separation? As far as I know, yes. And so the results I have are not related to ITLB. The results I have are more about detail, it's only about DTLB. So I don't know why ITLB would be better. But like Thomas said that if you put every hot code in the two Macpages will be just way better. I don't know what benchmark he did run and what results he had, it's just a citation from the mail discussion. That's rule of thumb. I mean, if you've got two Macs in ITLB, you've got one entry. And the question if you get them, you'll be missed whenever you get into the kernel anyway. Last email. Yeah, I just wanted to know that you run the benchmarks on AMD and not Intel, right? Yes. So that's kind of also... I don't think there's that significant difference. I run them on Intel once and it was quite similar. So in answer to James's question, I'm looking at my 11th gen Core i7 here. It has separate L1, iCache and Dcache TLBs. And it's actually split out the Dcache into separate store only TLB and load only TLB. So they're adding more, not unifying. Well, it's what it reports. So another question, if you can put that back, yeah. So what is the Peter's solution for everybody using two megabytes? Can you repeat, last email? What is the Peter's Ilstras solution link that so everyone uses? I hear him repeating this on IRC mostly and in different things that we need. There was a solution on the one of the earlier exec Memalok patches song proposed. And Peter suggested to use two Memalok areas for module data and for module code. And then everything that goes to module code can be mapped with two megs. And that solves the issue. Yeah. So my question would be, have you tried to compare your results with a worst case where you split everything into four key pages? I had it last year, yes. So what I measured previously, when I just made the entire direct map flat 4K or two megs, there is degradation of a single digit percent in most of the benchmarks. Sometimes 4K shows better results for some reason. And most of the time to make pages one on the system I had then. But it never went up above 5% the difference. Another question. Since now you use the background module load and load to perturb the system, did you also try not doing that and seeing how much it actually affects these perturbances? Because more or less the same. Like the differences between results were more or less the same. No, I mean, not between the non-patched and patched, but between no perturbed bands and perturbed bands, whether it even does something to the workload to the benchmark. I don't think I did it. I can do it. It will take a couple of weeks, yes. I didn't check this. But I did the test with just fragmenting everything to the... Of course, it can have more effects than just the fragmentation because you can be taking some logs using one core. Yeah, and additional question. So if you are going through that perturbation workload in the background, is this the slow path of that? Like you un-map and map again so that you have also the overhead of the TLB flushes or you are using your caching capabilities or... Whatever happens on the Vmalloc site is unchanged pretty much. Like the module ALOC calls Vmalloc, Vmalloc finds an area and they get the pay. The only thing that changes on the pass is ALOC pages. Instead of going to the normal page allocator, it goes to the cache that implements GFPN mapped. So the rest of the allocation and mapping and un-mapping is the same. Okay, so you are not benefiting from caching with respect to TLB flushes when you are changing page tables? You know, the TLB flushes in the Vmalloc area are pretty much the same. So eventually it can be even faster if you use the caching to the full extent that you do not have to change page tables because it's already un-mapped? You can optimize some of the TLB flashes there, yes. So my takeaways were that we don't really care for data allocations about direct map fragmentation. And we probably do care for code and it, again, it needs to be benchmarked like Facebook folks say that they have about 1.6, 1.9 percent of improvements when they do not fragment the direct cache, direct map. And Thomas and Peter want the module, everything called the Intumac pages. So maybe we just concentrate on implementing the code allocations in large pages. The way Peter suggested, the way Song is working on now in changing how the module alloc works and differentiate in different types of memory so that they will be executable and read-only and it's not will be allocated in a single chunk. And well, my motivation was certainly we should enable SecretMem by default, like no question about it. And whenever we see that we actually need to deal with direct map fragmentation, we can go back to GFP and map and take a look at it again. And something else, a side note I noticed. That wasn't me. So what he's talking about here is the radix tree. The radix tree uses the top three bits of the flags to encode various flags, it doesn't really matter. The point is that the x-ray doesn't need this. And if we finish the conversion from radix tree to x-ray, you can have those bits back. It's just that that is like 150 different things that are using the radix tree right now and they need to stop. They really need to stop.  Oh, Vashal, you're right here. Vashal, nice. Yeah. No, I mean, it's the kind of thing that makes a great outreach project, but the thing is it really needs somebody to actually go in and learn how each subsystem is actually using the radix tree to actually do the conversion, because I mean, I've done this like tree-wide kind of conversions for x-ray and it's really easy to make a mistake and break whoever knows how many subsystems. You've got to know the code that you're conversing is the problem. So the question is, what happens if we increase GFP to 64 bits? We should just not abuse GFP for every random single purpose thing. Like we have three flags for cousin tagging, right? But that one seemed actually appropriate, you know. Did you run any benchmarks when you would be using two megabyte pages for Secretman? Would that actually make a difference for some of your Secretman workloads that you imagine like we would have for code or like, is it just a void fragmentation not to benefit? The major pushback for Secretman was you're breaking our direct map. All right, because it doesn't need a direct map. It wants to be unmapped from direct map. But when you map it into the user space, like it gets a page cache entry, right? And it gets mapped into the user space. It doesn't really matter, I suppose, because it's not, it won't be hot memory anyway. So, okay, but what I understand is that we actually do have different classes of direct map users. Some of them don't want write access. Some of them don't want any access. Are there any other users? Direct map is largely read, write. It's the default. Sometimes we remove the write. Sometimes we add execute and then remove the write. That's what code allocation does mostly. The module alloc does all these tricks. I don't think there are a lot of other places that do anything to direct map. If you take a look, if you grab for set memory something, there are not much of them. Most of them go from some security reason. Like the page table thing you would most probably do when you don't want to write. Like page table. Well, page table is read write anyway. Yeah, I think you mentioned. Yeah, there was a patch set from Intel about using PKS protection for page tables and then they protected the same pages, the same pages, the direct map mapping is read only and you could access page table for write only with helpers that switched PKS on or for something like that. Okay, so what I'm trying to see is like is there any generic way we could have something that achieves that? As we learned, using a chief P flag is most probably the wrong way of doing it, maybe. But did we have some other allocator on top of that that is able to provide such classes of memory or doesn't it make any sense? For most cases, the free path gets really bad in this. Could I ask a more provocative question, which is basically the whole of our theory about using allocators like this and the problems they cause is because we have a theory about the way we think the TLB works. But these results seem to be showing us that the TLB doesn't quite work the way we think it does. And if you look at how machines have evolved, I think we're suffering from two things. One is the huge cost of a TLB miss is because of the hardware page table walker, which we assume is really expensive because it's all indirect mapped. But I think both Intel and AMD are speculating on that one. So the cost of a TLB miss might not be as high as we think. And then the other thing is I got a funny feeling that this TLB is not 4K, 2 meg, 1 gig. I bet you it's extend based. So if we're getting an extend based. That depends on microarchitectures. I agree, but it's sort of, we attach a huge amount of memory management to a theory about TLBs that may have been right 10 years ago, but may not be right today. And I think we could do with getting some CPU people under torment to see if we can actually clarify exactly what we're supposed to be caring about in the TLB before we start evolving elaborate theories about how we make TLB pressure better. My theory, one of my theories was that normally you have most of your TLB allocated to user space anyway. So whenever you get to kernel, you anyway get TLB miss. I mean Intel actually tells us how the TLB works, right? There's the L1 TLBs, there's the L2 TLBs. The L2 is actually unified and the L1 has separate instruction cache for 4K pages and for two megabyte pages. They're really pretty open about how it works because this is how you get good performance. And if they were lying about it, people would have figured that out by now. I mean they definitely have things which are there in the microarchitecture that are not public, but it's all caching. It's not additional features. Actually what they have and it's public that there are partial caches for the pagevolks, so you pagevolk only the last one or two levels and not all five of them if you miss in the TLB because the partial way is also cached. And they have additional cache for pagevolks as well. But I was also wondering besides the TLB, what about the memory overhead of needing the extra page tables? Is it a concern or are they pre-allocated anyway for this? For model use case, I don't think it's that much that we really care. For K-Pay per two megabytes is not so... What do you mean? The extra page table level you need to do the splits. I anyway do the splits at the point. But if you avoid them... No, today we do the splits. If we do some caching, we might do less splits. Although we will anyway have to split but let's say with GFP unmapped for modules you'll have less splits because it will be unmapped in the direct map and we'll be only mapped in Vmalloc. But I don't think it's that large amount of page tables. Yeah, but maybe if we enable the secret mem, can it happen that a few secret mem pages will be spread all over the direct map and then each of the two megabyte chunk would need a new four kilobyte page... I wouldn't expect massive usage of secret mem in large... It's a limited anyway, so you can't get more than 64 unless you root and you really want it. I mean, more than 64K. So there will be some overhead but adding another cache to page locator probably not worth it and increasing page block by four bits like... We'll offset that from the other side. I wonder how much does the cache prevent the direct map being fragmented? It's order of magnitude. I didn't try... I didn't bring it but if you look at the amount of two meg and one G splits in the Procfium stat, it brings it down to order by order of magnitude. Then without the caches, are they fragmented to all 4K mappings? The cache isn't necessarily fragmented because the two meg pages removed from the direct map and then let's say for modules, the same memory is mapped in the Vimaloc area. So Vimaloc area, it's anyway mapped with 4K pages and in direct map, it doesn't need to be fragmented because the entire two megs are removed from the direct map.  So for as long as page alloc, microbench, max run, I've got several hundred of splits and then with the cache of GFP unmapped, I've got several tens of splits. Ten says it's time, so thank you.


Hello everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Armo with Stock Swoosh and I'm reviewing the last two months of results in August and September if you were trading in the trading room with me Golden Gaps and again that's the only thing that I'd look at every single solitary morning and we mostly focus on shorts although every once in a while I will look at along. If you're interested in more information you can call me at 929-3200GAP or email me at Melissa at thestockswoosh.com or follow me on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube or Skype. You know when you're starting out in the market many times you make a little bit of a progress and then you realize you don't know as much as you think that you do and then you realize that you have to take a couple steps back to take a couple steps forward to really get on up ahead and you know many times that's how it is when we have big goals in life. So I wish you could say you could get on step one and make it all the way directly to the top but many people's pass in trading is not like that. Mine wasn't like that either. So when I first started out trading I didn't know what I was doing and then it took me three years to develop my system. So it is the same for everybody that comes out but know that you can get to the top with support with help and I teach my method in a class it's called the Golden Gap class. So going back here beginning of August and now part of the month of August was earning season. September was not earning season it was a slow month for trading. Now it started to pick up in October, October, November, December should be busy months here in the market. Fall is typically a busy trading time but in the summer here or in September really it was late summer it was very slow. The beginning of August was good. Cake was a nice one. It was a short. Shrimp, good profit and shrimp. S-Y-M-C was a winner. Off for a couple days in August. DBX that was a short. QQQs. HD was a loss and Qs was a winner. Now again I try to look at one thing a day. Occasionally I will do two things. If I think it's warranted. M was a really nice short on the 15th. WMT took two tries but it was worth it.  AMAT again took two tries. That day was a loss and you see here there weren't many days that were losses. This day even though there were three trades was a lost day. There were no lost days here back at the first week and the second week in here then it was just one of these times where you had to go after something sometimes twice. AMAT didn't have the follow-through like WMT which ended up being a big winner then by the end of the day.   SPY was a winner.  HPE was a nice winner and target took two shots. Ended up being a winning day on that one. LB solid winner on that day. So just again going back in here you can see I don't have that many losing days and so it's very very important when you're trading to make sure that you have a consistent risk so that when you make money then you can move forward and build your account or pay yourself if that's what you want to do. GPS is 2800. No trades in the 27th. SPY took two shots.   AO was a winner. Two TV days off. Room was closed beginning of the month of September. No trades in the 10th. BABL was a loser in the 11th. APA was a huge winner that actually was a long. No trades in the 12th. KR was a winner in the 13th.  No trades on the 17th. FDX was a nice winner that really fell. No trades in the 19th. Again September was slower. Nothing meets my criteria. There's nothing. Nothing to do then and we just walk away from the day. That's how you keep your profits too as well.  Q's was a winner.  Second trade was a winner. 924 no trades.  CTL was a winner.  IBM was a winner. Nice winner BBY and a huge winner to close out the month of Facebook.  So going back here I just want to point out in two months worth of trading not only was the room profitable okay and again this is with an advanced risk which I'll go over more in a minute but you can see here that you would have had one, two, three losing days. Three losing days in two months of trading. So normally when you I say to people you know you have to look at about 70-75% win ratio but there are times when I'm really on point or I'm the extra extra careful and then we don't trade those days. So I would figure two to three losses a month on average but in the last two months I was so focused it was less than that okay most of the trades were winners and the most of the days that we won in August and September and I said this to someone in a webinar recently my trading has improved. I've been doing this now for 10 years so I am extra careful the day as I don't see anything and if we go after something a second time I feel pretty certain that it's going to work and you can see here some of the biggest days were that were that case Apple was a good example of that in Facebook. So averaging 30 grand a month in here during a slow period so I expect during season to be very profitable in October, November, and December. So a lot of people could live on 30 grand a month some people can some people need to make more some people need to make way less some people could live on five grand a month some people could live on ten whatever your expenses are wherever you live in the world you have to consider that when you consider your risk however you also have to consider that you are sticking to the system and following me if you're in the live trading room. So if you want to work for yourself you can become a professional day trader the class I teach is called the Golden Gap course it is a two-day course the October class is October 6th and 7th from 9 to 5 Eastern time cost of the class is 54.99 you can be anywhere in the world and take it if you're interested and want to sign up email me at Melissa at thestockswish.com the trends class is October 22nd tuition for this class is 59.99 you save $500 by paying for them both together and again you do both this month in October this is the last class special I'm going to ever do the new website is launching finally the end of 2018 and so you will go to the site and pay for the separate services subscriptions classes and letters so I'm offering the trading room free and the options letter free for one year you got to sign up by Friday whether you do the class in October you do the class in November there is a deadline for this and I will not be making any exception so please don't ask me the new website is going to be out you just go there and you sign up so this is your last chance to get this offer you would get all my trade calls for an entire year it's definitely good support you don't need it you learn everything in the class to trade on your own but having the support of the room really definitely does help people if you're interested and want to sign up you only have four days left email me at Melissa at thestockswish.com


It's the Knicks and Wanderers live on Fox Sports from Wynn Stadium in Wollongong. Perfect conditions, it's been a world day, Paul Brown has pretty much covered and shaved the grandstand. It's time last week it was the stable partnering of Laws and Devere at the back as the Villar can face forward Maradovic. Good save from Margoosh but it falls again to Maradovic and he's got his second goal at that end at Wynn Stadium and it's a massive one for Wellington Phoenix. Well he gets two bites at it, doesn't make a mistake with the second one. We've got a little bit lucky through the middle. Darbila, perfect pass, scuffs the first one. A bit unlucky the goalkeeper there but it comes back to Maradovic and he pokes it into an empty net. It's a great start for Wellington. Carl Robinson and Pitello, I don't even know whether or not it was. Lewis, just had a crack. Margoosh, I think he was really set up for someone having a go from that distance but Clayton Lewis asked the question. We'll press here from the Knicks and winning it back, Wayne finds Piscopo who hits it off. My goodness what a shot from Reno Piscopo, it's not done with yet for the Knicks. Darbila hits the ref and it'll be a wanderer's ball because it last came off a wanderer even though Keanu Backus wasn't really aiming for anyone in particular. Well what an action. This is the first one, it's the free kick and it bends away Margoosh didn't look too bothered. Superb technique. Control that because that's hard to control. His first touch didn't really kill the ball and it's on the half volley and he's so unlucky. He's forward to Yaboa. Wilmering, Beanie on that left hand side. Wilmering herring after him to get around. Receives his cross and there's no one who's in the box but falls to Muller. Dangerously, Yaboa! He saved from sale. Super save and a really good strike as well from Yaboa. There's a sharp first touch from him there. Can't take it, that's a sharp touch. Lot of power behind that, so good save. So Yaboa is finishing off the half, very, very strong. Darbila over the top, so quick with his thought and his feet. Wayne, nice to the judge ball to Fenton who links up with Wayne. Darbila again, another shot, another block, is it? He goes with the right, Neha Margoosh interested. Yeah, off target. Well, it didn't get blocked and he feints great skill from the Mexican. He was a call for no wall. He was relieved. Anyway, here's the one from Odoa. He'll exit and chip it over looking forward. It's all temperate in the back. It's gone back over the other side. Kouami Yaboa is the man on the spot. The Wanderers bench, they're high-fiving. Wanderers' colours are enraptures. We're back square. And well intense, difficult at set pieces. But defending set pieces continues. Wonderful play. It's a real set piece. That's why they run to the bench. He's going into a deeper position. Place, Jordan Odoa to his Wolverine. For the cross, dims it over the top of Payne, just asking someone to attack it. And Kamau obliges and gets himself a tap in. Lewis just floats it up looking for Rufa at the back stick. It's alive and it's in the back across the goal. And Louis Fenton just pops up, just changes the direction of that ball into the back of the net. And Wellington respond from a set piece. Aquilina running out of time into the last minute. Backus. And Jordan Mutch hanging on here Wellington. Cox out to Russell and cross it again. It's a good one as well. He nearly mixed up at the back, but a crucial header. Skins off the top of Liam McIng's bounce. Matalduis. A hectic 90 minutes and a little bit more here in Wollongong. And have a look at that picture. That tells you everything about what respective playing groups have put into this contest. It's Wellington, Phoenix, two. Western City Wanderers, two.


Welcome to Sheboygan County government working for you. My name is Adam Payne. I'm the Sheboygan County Administrative Coordinator and co-host of this program with Chairman Bill Gehring and today our guest is Julie Glancy, the Sheboygan County clerk. She's one of 23 department heads, and it's a pleasure to have Julie with us today. Thank you. Julie, why don't you start a little bit by telling us a little bit about your background and when you became County Clerk? I was first elected to County Clerk in November of 1994. So this is my 10th year as County Clerk. Before that, I was in the County Clerk's office for 10 years, and for nine of those I was the Deputy County Clerk, so I've got a lot of experience in this office. I also worked in the Clerk of Courts office after high school, and I also worked for the office on aging for a while, so I have kind of a wide variety of county government experience. And of all the department heads, you're certainly one of them that Chairman and I work with more frequently than some others. What are some of the key roles and responsibilities that your office has? Well, we're the Secretary for the County Board, which is why we work with you so closely as we do a lot of that. We also administer the election process for Sheboygan County. We are in charge of the telephone system for the county, the property and liability insurance. We also issue marriage licenses, things like that. And marriage licenses, speaking of that, a lot of people associate marriage licenses with the County Clerk's office. I see folks, young and old, going in there all the time. Absolutely. What's involved with getting a marriage license? Okay, you need to, assuming you're a resident of Sheboygan County, you would apply here, you need to bring some kind of identification, a driver's license, something like that, a certified birth certificate. And if your driver's license doesn't have your current address, we need something else with your current address, like a utility bill, something like that. If you've been married before, we need a copy of your divorce papers, your death certificate from your last marriage, and the fee is $75. You have to apply at least six days before your wedding, and not more than 30 days, because the license will expire in 30 days. And if anyone's watching this and frantically writing that down, if they need more information, who would they contact? They can call our office. Our number is 459-3003. And I know I'm catching you cold with this question, but generally about how many marriage licenses do you process a year? Somewhere between 700 and 30, 750. It's been going down the last couple years. We've seen a little bit of a decline, but... Very good. We've seen more marriages, though, where people are getting married at the courthouse by the Family Court Commissioner. That's really been on the rise lately, so that's kind of a different trend. And with all your roles and responsibilities, recently you announced a new service that the county clerk's office is providing. Why don't you talk about that a little bit? We are issuing passports. We're not actually issuing when we're accepting the application so we can send them to the Department of State to be issued. We started doing that in the beginning of February. Last fall, I discovered that the Department of State was going to be allowing county clerks to be issuing agents. Prior to that, it was only the clerk of court's office and the post office that was able to do it. So because we answered the general information number for the county, we've always gotten a lot of calls about where do I go for a passport, what do I need. So I felt it was a really good service to the people because they're already calling us for that information. And in addition, you need a certified birth certificate for a passport, and they can get those in our building. It takes more of a one-stop shop for people instead of them having to get their birth certificate here and then go somewhere else. And our clerk of court's office has not issued passports for, oh, I want to say at least 15, maybe 20 years. They used to do it, but I think it just got to be more than they could handle because of the great increase in number of court cases they have. What's the response been so far? Really, really well. I had no idea how many we would sell. I budgeted for 30, we sold 45 so far in the first month and a half. So we're doing far better than I anticipated that we would. So anyone who's looking to get a passport can go to either the postmaster or the post office or now the county clerk's office. The forms are available on the website for the U.S. Department of State. I think it's at travel.something, I don't know, but it's out there on the website. They can come in and pick up an application. I think even Walgreens where you can get your pictures taken also has application forms. You can fill them out at the counter or you can pick one up and take it home and fill it out or you can download one off the Internet and fill it out. But you do have to come in in person to apply for the passport. And when you come in, you need a driver's license or some sort of picture ID. You need a certified birth certificate if you were born in this country or naturalization papers if you were born somewhere else and are now a citizen of the United States. And you also need a picture. Yes, you need two identical pictures. If you go to, and I don't necessarily want to plug Walgreens, but they, all of their stores do do passport pictures. And if you just go there and tell them you need a passport picture, they know exactly what size and what you need to do and that kind of thing so they can provide those for you. Very good. What about children? Do they have any different requirements? Children passports are cheaper. A regular passport is $85 and for an adult they're good for 10 years. Children's passports are $70 and for a passport for a child that's considered anybody under 16 is a child. But those passports are only good for five years. Okay.  Children obviously don't necessarily have identification, but their parents can identify them and sign for them as being the identifying person. And one thing I can certainly vouch for is you work with some great staff. If people come in will they receive assistance directly from you or one of your staff or how does that work? Either myself or my staff, anyone in my office can help them out with that. Very good. Well, speaking of passports, marriage licenses, let's go back to the initial item you raised and that was providing secretarial or administrative support to the county board as a whole. What does that all? Well, we do the agendas for the general county board meeting. We do the minutes for county board. We take care of filing all the documents, all the resolutions and ordinances and things like that. We of course do the minutes for that and keep what's called a journal. It's the proceedings of everything that's happened with the county board. I'm also the secretary for the finance committee of the county board. And all the committee minutes for all of the county board committees are filed in our office. So we do have information for anything to do with county board if somebody is interested in that. We also audit the county board supervisors' expense sheets, you know, just to make sure they're added correctly and things like that. We also maintain the website for the county board.  You know, when their meetings are coming up, you can find resolutions and ordinances. There is a link to the code book out there and our office keeps that information up to date.  So keeping the agendas and minutes and things like that posted is almost a full-time job for one of my staff. So if people want to know when a committee meeting is going to be, what's coming up, what's on the agenda, they can either contact your office directly or get on the website. And all meeting notices are posted out in the lobby of the administration building, too. So if you happen to be walking through there, you can take a look at any of the meetings coming up or posted. And you've talked about a lot of records. So if somebody wants a copy of something, what types of records could they receive from your office?  We have coroner's dockets, so we get a lot of requests for people that want a copy of a coroner's record. We have school records from before they had the school districts and they had all the little one-house schools. We have the school census records for all those past years. We haven't had a lot of requests for that lately, but for a while it was a really popular thing to look for because when a certain age group of people started turning 65 and needed proof of birth, some of these people were not born in a hospital, they were born at home, and they didn't necessarily have a birth certificate. So they needed proof from these old school census records to show their age and things like that. We also have, I'm sure you don't remember, but there used to be a teacher's college where life with school was in Chicago Falls. When that was disbanded, we have their transcripts there. So if someone went to the teacher's college and is now going somewhere else and needs a transcript of their record, they would contact us that we can give them a transcript. Very good. Thanks, Julie. Sure. A major part of your job, Julie, is dealing with elections. In 2004, it's going to be a major year for elections with the presidential election and the April election. Can you talk about what offices are on the April ballot? The April is a nonpartisan election, so that means that all the nonpartisan offices for county, it's the county board supervisors, it's all the municipal offices, municipal county, not county, but town boards, village trustees. There are two mayor races, one in Sheboygan Falls and one in Plymouth. The Sheboygan mayor is not up this year, but Alderman are also up this year. In the cities, they have half their Alderman elected one year and half the next, so half of the Alderman are up for election this year. We also have an appellate court judge on the ballot this time. The two major elections that I think about are the county board and the Alderman in the city of Sheboygan. How many offices are open in each county board? We have seven county board supervisors that have competition, and we have one supervisor who chose not to run again, and there is one person running for that slot, and that person is George Martensi, and he was on the board before, so while he'll be a new supervisor, he's really more or less a returning supervisor. In the city of Sheboygan, out of their eight Aldermanic districts, seven of them have competition, and the only one that doesn't, I think, is District 7, so there's a lot of competition in the city. What about the fall ballot? Aside from the president, will there be anything on the fall ballot? Oh, yeah. All the county constitutional officers, including myself, will be on the fall ballot. Fall elections only happen in even years, so every time there's a fall election, our offices are on the ballot. The only one that's not as the sheriff two years ago, they were given a four-year term, so he's off the hook this year, he doesn't have to run, but the district attorney is on that ballot. Also, you have Senator Feingold will be on the ballot, Congressman Petri will be on the ballot, that's only a two-year term, so that position is always on the ballot. Senate 20, which is Mary Panzer, which is the southern half of the county, that will be on the ballot, and all of the assemblymen are on the ballot as well. Can you talk a little bit about what your office really does in regard to the election, what your responsibility might be? Sure. We register anybody who's a county officer. We register the county board candidates for office, all the county constitutional officers. The district attorney is considered a state office, so he would register with the state of Wisconsin. But other than that, we do the county officers. We put the ballots together, we organize all that. We do some of the ads for the elections, and we also program the election equipment. You know, when you go to vote in Sheboygan County, you put your ballot into a machine that counts it. Our office does the programming of those machines to make sure they count correctly. And with the election ads, what we've done for many years is we've combined with the municipalities, you know, we publish like the absentee ballot ad for all the county municipalities that saves everyone a lot of money because we can combine that, and we also publish everyone's facsimile ad, which will be published the day before the April election or the day before every election. But the one that comes out before April, if we didn't do it, every municipality would have to publish basically that same information on their own. So it's really a cost-saving to the municipalities to do it that way. You talked a little bit about a candidate registering to run for an office. Can you talk about how somebody would do that for a county office? Sure. For county board supervisor, of course, that's closed. But for the county candidates, such as myself, you can start circulating nomination papers the beginning of June. So as of June 1st, you could come in to run for office.  You would file what's called the Declaration of Candidacy form, which basically just says who you are and where you live and that you intend to run for that office. You file a campaign finance registration form, which tells whoever wants to look at it where your campaign finances come from that you're going to use this bank and this is, you know, if you have a committee, the names of your committee. And for most candidates, especially for the county board candidates, you can choose to file what's called an exemption. And when you file that, what you're saying is you're not going to spend more than $1,000 on your campaign and you're not going to receive or accept more than $100 in donations from anyone's source. If you do that, then you're exempt from filing the routine campaign finance reports. Otherwise, if you have a bigger campaign, like most of the assemblymen and senators run, you have to file periodic campaign finance reports where you say, okay, I spent X number of dollars on postage and this much on printing and I got $100 from this person. And if you file the exemption, you don't have to file those reports, but you do need to still keep the records. When you run for an office, you also have to circulate nomination papers. The county board supervisors only need, like, 50 signatures. The county elected officials, like myself, need between 500 and 1,000 signatures to get your name on the ballot. And you have from June 1st to about July 13th to get those signatures collected and filed in my office. And when they're filed, what we do is we look through them to make sure that they're complete and correct. Sometimes we have to cross out some names if the information isn't complete, but we make sure everybody has enough signatures to be on the ballot and make sure they're... And then once we have the names, when there's more than one person running, what we have to do is draw for ballot placement. I know a lot of people wonder how we determine whose name is first on the ballot, and it's drawn by a lot. It's just strictly the luck of the draw, so... Okay. The April election is coming up. If I'm not registered to vote, how do I do that if I just moved into the area? Okay. Pre-registration is really only required in the three cities in Sheboygan County and the town of Sheboygan. You can pre-register at any of the city clerk's offices or municipal clerk's offices, or you can register the day of the election. Wisconsin has a very open voting policy. You can come in the day of the election, register to vote, and go immediately to vote. All you need to provide is if your driver's license has your current address on it, that's really all you need to bring. Otherwise, if your driver's license doesn't have your current address, you would need something besides that picture ID, utility bill or something like that. And it takes maybe 10 or 15 minutes max to register to vote, so it's very, very simple to come in and vote. If you register ahead of time in, like, the city of Sheboygan, then your name will appear on the poll list, so when you walk into vote, you nearly have to state your name and they'll be able to find you on the list. So the advantage to pre-registering, especially with the presidential coming up, is that can be a very busy time at the polls, so if you're not pre-registered, it can take you a few extra minutes, but you certainly can do it the day of the election. And then finally, how many places to vote are there throughout the county and how do I find out which is my place? There are 49 polling locations in Sheboygan County, and you can call our office, you can call any of the municipal clerk's offices to find out where you vote. Generally speaking, if you live in a township or a village, it's the town hall or the village hall or the fire department. If you live in the city of Sheboygan, there are 16 different polling places in the city based on what word you live in, and either our office or the city clerk's office can tell you. And in the flyer that's going to be in the paper the day before the election, there is actually a map of the city of Sheboygan showing the polling places and where you'd have to go. Thank you. Sure. Elections, it's an exciting time. I know it's a real busy time for your office and your staff, and earlier Bill asked you a question about, well, how many signatures do you need to be able to run for office? And I thought you said 50 for it to be a county board supervisor. Over 500 to be an elected official such as yourself. Yes. What about a city elder person or a town? I think Alderman are like 20 or 25. There isn't a lot. The number of signatures you need is generally based on the population you serve. Okay. So for the county, because we're over 100,000, that's why we need between 500 and 1,000 signatures. The representatives only need 200 to 400, and the state senators need 400 to 800. So it depends on the size of the area that you represent. And again, the ballot is set for April 6th. The ballot is set and out the door for April 6th. A year and a half or two years from now, this will come up again for a number of these same offices. Very good. Now let's talk about your staff a little bit, because you alluded to them, and again, all the roles and responsibilities that you have. Why don't you take a minute to plug your staff and the fine work that they do? I actually have three staff members. Cherusay, who is my deputy county clerk. Her major responsibility is the county board. She's the one that keeps the website up to date and things like that. Dave Warwine is our accountant, and Dave is primarily in charge of the telephone system and things like that to make sure that our phone system keeps running. And he also gets the bills from Ameritech, which are like, you know, four inches thick, you know, and goes through them and makes sure that we're not being charged for calls we shouldn't be charged for and also allocates those costs back to the departments. And my newest member is Cheryl Savon. She's, in fact, yesterday was her one-year anniversary in our department, and she kind of takes care of the counter work and the marriage licenses and fills in wherever we need a spot. And to put this in perspective a little bit for our viewers, we have 1,300 employees in Sheboygan County, again, 23 departments, ranging from as many as 600 employees at the healthcare centers to four. Four in our county clerk's office. And when you get a sense of all the roles and responsibilities that Julie and her staff have, you really appreciate the work that they do do. You have to be a jack-of-all-trades in our office. You have to know a little bit about everything. You can't, you know, with just having so few people, you can't have one person that only knows how to deal with a marriage license because, you know, you may not be there when somebody walks through the door. And maintaining staff or maintaining the levels of programs and services that we're providing is getting more difficult. And I know through your tenure, you've seen the fiscal challenges that we've had in the past and that are coming in the future.  Why don't you touch on that a little bit? Well, since I've been county clerk, I've reduced my office staff by 25%. And I've been fortunate enough to be able to do that by attrition. I reduced it by half a person when I took office and another half a person just at the beginning of this last year. And I think the computers for us make that possible because otherwise, you know, there's no way you could keep up and do that. The other thing that really made it possible for us is we sell D in our licenses in our office. And in the past, before the new automated system that went into effect a number of years ago, everybody was on paper licenses. And at that time, our office would disperse those licenses to all the agents within the county, to the Walmarts and the K-Marts and places like that. With the new automated system, we don't have to do that. So that was a big load that went off of our office and made it possible for us to reduce. One of the things that's coming up, though, is the HAVA legislation. And that's a federal legislation that's the Help America Vote Act. There's going to be a lot of changes in the election process because of that. One of the big ones is voter registration. And you were talking about that before. And with voter registration under HAVA, at the end of this year, the state is going to be required to have a statewide voter registration system. That system is going to change how we deal with voter registration in Sheboyton County because most of the smaller municipalities don't really have a voter registration system at all. So those voters are going to have to be registered, put within the system. And then when you register to vote, every voter is going to be required to provide us either with a driver's license number or the last four digits of their social security number. And that information will be kept confidential, but we need it in the system because you can imagine that there are probably a half a dozen Adam Paynes in the state of Wisconsin. So there's, without some identifying number, there would be no way to know if we had different Adam Paynes or if the one Adam Payne was voting in six different places. Half a dozen Adam Paynes. You could just feel people shudder when you said that. Think of the power. So with the election process and with some of this new legislation, I mean, are you seeing improvements? Do you think it's needed? It's time? Wisconsin compared to Florida, for example, I think we've done a pretty good job. I think Wisconsin is far better than Florida. I think we have a lot more freedoms in Wisconsin to vote. For example, we have an open primary come September. When you go in to vote, you can only vote in one political party in September, but you get to go in the voting booth and choose that party in the privacy of the voting booth. In North Carolina, for example, where my brother lives, when you register to vote, they ask you what party you are and it's on your voter registration and when you go to vote, that's the ballot you're given. So if you're registered as a Democrat or registered as a Republican, here's your ballot. Come November, of course, you can vote in secret and go whichever way you like, but our September primary is far more open than most states. Have we had the punch card system ever in Chicago? We have never had punch cards, fortunately. Ozaki County had punch cards. And you know, the draw of the punch card is that it's a very economical way to vote. It allows you to do it in the electronic format and the part we have what's called optical scan. And our ballots are, to me, I think the best kind of voting or the best form of voting, because you have the paper ballot, so even if the machine fell apart or blew up, you still would have that ballot that the voter voted that you could go back to and look at by hand. But there's a tremendous amount of waste in that system because for the April election, because you have county board supervisors, you have municipal officers, you have school districts on the ballot, we have 104 combinations of ballot styles in Sheboygan County for the April election. Well, when you do that, I have to have test ballots for all of those. You can't know if there's going to be 10 people voting or if there's going to be 100 people voting. So you always have to buy a few extra ballots to make sure you don't run out. So there's a lot of wasted in the ballots. And our ballots run about 14.5 cents per piece of paper. So it doesn't take many that you throw in the garbage for it to be expensive. And the punch cards, the draw of that was that they were generic. You only used as many as there were people voting. So they were a very inexpensive way to do electronic voting, but they had a lot of challenges. And as you were talking about the accuracy of our system, it made me flash back to when we were doing the recount for Senator Jim Baumgart and now Senator Joe Leipam. And my recollection was you received really a lot of positive feedback from how that was handled. And there were really very few voting cards that were a problem. Yeah, we had very few changes in our system. And the majority of those come from absentee ballots. When you vote absentee, you should really use a pencil to mark your ballot. And I know people are reluctant to do that. I think they're a little concerned that a pencil isn't permanent. But the problem, if there is a problem with our machines, the one drawback is that it doesn't read ballpoint ink very well. They read by light. So the pens we use in the voting booths are non-reflective ink. So the machine will see them. But a ballpoint ink mark, if you ever look at a piece of paper that's written in ballpoint, if you hold it a certain way, it kind of flashes. You can see the light hit it. And if it doesn't see the mark, it won't count it. And we found, and we found it out by accident when one of our municipal clerks was doing a public test. And she called me and she said, all my ballots are coming back blank. And she said, they're marked. I don't know what's wrong. My machine's got to be broken. And after we worked on it a little bit, we used a flare brand pen and made a beautiful black mark, but it was reflective ink and the machine couldn't see it. And I thought it was blank. So when the people marked their absentee ballots with an ink pen, the machine might see one mark on the ballot, but not another. And really that whole process was an opportunity for improvement because I know you work with a lot of great volunteers and people in the different municipalities that receive, you know, receive the public and process the votes. And I think everyone raised the level of awareness to consistency and approach. Oh, absolutely.  And it's something that, you know, you do it, in this year you'll do it four times. The next year you'll do it twice and then you won't do it for, you know, almost a year.  But, you know, it's always a challenge for them to make sure that they're making sure that they do everything correctly. And it can be, especially like in a presidential, when you have a rush of people coming at you, it's sometimes a little hard to remember all the procedures and it's easy when you're numbering the poll list to skip a number or whatever because they just get busy and that happens to everyone. Well, on behalf of Bill Gehring and myself, we certainly want to thank you for being our guest today. Well, thank you for having me. Our viewers, again, a lot of good information and if you have additional questions or want to follow up on anything that Julie Glancy shared, I certainly encourage you to contact Julie or her staff. And again, that number was... 459-3003. 459-3003. Again, that's Julie Glancy, one of our top department heads, one of 23 very good ones. Do I have to pay you now or is that later? And next month, during our next program, we're going to have another very good department head with us and that's Nan Todd, also an elected official overseeing the clerk of courts. So until then, thank you very much for joining us and we'll see you soon.


Armed bandits have killed four persons and abducted many students and teachers when they attacked the Zamfara College of Agriculture in Bakura Local Government Area in Zamfara State on Sunday. Deputy Registrar of the college, Aliou Bakura, confirmed the news on Monday. He said the four persons who were killed include a police officer and three gate men of the school. The registrar ordered that about 15 students, a teacher and his wife, are missing. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Hi everyone, welcome back to mastering UV mapping and In this episode, we are going to be mapping UV mapping this tricky little bit of piping here So usually UV mapping a cylinders really straightforward. You would just use cylindrical mapping But because this one goes around a bend like this that method doesn't work very well And you see we need to be able to get it so we can have this nice kind of Shower ropey effect going on and so we need our UV map to come out like this one nice long straight line So this is going to be the the finished effect. This is what we're going for But if we have a look at where we are So we currently have this so I've just got the default material on here at the moment and if we go into Our UV not that one if we go into our UV editing mode And have a look at the UV map for this We currently just have the standard Cylindrical map and that's not going to work for us because we've got some extrusion along here So we need to map this again from scratch So we're going to use a completely different method to get this to behave in the way that we want it to But first of all I'm going to put the material on there so that it looks the way I want it to look So I'm going to go into the hyper shade So if you're following along if you want to download the shower model And the textures from the link in the video description below You will get these materials here. Let's just frame them up a bit better So there's a chrome a hot and cold Which is the red and blue and a couple of different plastics that make up the shower head, but there's no pipe There's nothing for the shower hose yet So we'll create that now So I'm just going to clear my workspace.  I Want it to be pretty shiny. So I'm going to have a roughness of about zero point two and I also need to use a normal map and As I said if you're downloading my assets, you'll be able to find that in the source images folder So we'll go to the normal map here and Have a look in the source images folder and it's the shower hose underscore normal and this gives us all our lovely normal detail So I'll open that up and then you can see let's see if I can just change this to something that shows up a little bit better Not really that'll do it a bit better. So you can see that's how it's going to appear on our shower hose when we're done So let me just get a viewport in here I'm just going to dock that over here We'll just resize that a little bit just makes it easier to put my texture on and So what I'm going to do is there's my shower hose. I'm just going to drop that on there Okay, so you can see even though we should have all this beautiful Sort of corrugated effect at the moment. It's all stretched. It looks silly. It's just not working so we need to improve on that and That's where our lovely UV mapping comes in The first thing we're going to do to get this particular shape UV map to select it and we're just going to do an automatic projection And it'll give us something like this and this is not terrible It does at least allow the normal map to start to work a little bit But it doesn't work for what we need and So before we can make it better. We've actually got to make it a lot worse So I'm going to put this into edge mode select all of my edges and Then I'm going to go to let me just find my UV toolkit And we're going to go to cut and so and I'm going to do this stitch together command Which you can also get from the cut so menu here or if you're using an earlier version of my a move and so Kind of does the same thing but we'll stitch it together And we'll create this awful looking mess here So that that is not all useful to us and Again, it's just making that the normal map not work But now we can start to work with this so I just want my Channel box back for a second Because I want to be able to just ping this back in place in a minute So what I'm going to do while this is in place I'm going to go to modify freeze transformations and that just zeros everything out So what it means is that if I move this forward, which I'm going to do if I just put a zero back in translate Is that it'll just pop back into place, which is very useful So I'm going to bring it forward so that I can see my end caps here And what I need to do now is I'm going to have to cut Some seams into this so that the shape can unfold and that's going to make it work much better So I'm going to start with the end caps first. So I'm going to go into edge mode and just double click on that top one there Wonderful, I'm going to come in here And I'm holding shift and double clicking that so now I've got the top and bottom end caps selected And I also need an edge loop around the back It could be anywhere to be fair But because I generally don't want your seams to be seen not that this will be a visible seam But it's just good habit to kind of put it out of the way So I'll just hold shift again and double click And so now I have top and bottom end caps and the line that goes all the way along the back Which is what I want So what this is also doing is it's just going to cut one here And I could deselect that but because these end caps can't be seen. I actually don't care how they look So I'm just going to ignore them so that's now ready and I'm going to go into my UV toolkit again and I need to cut to these edges. So I'll just click on cut or again You can just go in to cut so and cut from there. So they are now cut So the next job is to unfold this and that's when this will start to become more usable So I'm going to go into UV shell. I'll just select everything and Then I'm going to go into let's just close this section for a sec Into the unfold section and there's unfold. So we give that a click and Now you can see if we're going to shell mode This shell here is almost perfect straight away Which is brilliant. So if we have a look at our shape here This is clearly isn't right But it's starting to come together So what we really need to do now is get this Upright perfectly straight So in order to do that, I'm going to select an edge Any straight edge. So just double click on that one And then I'm going to close my unfold section for a sec and I need to go into a range and layout And I've selected this edge here because I want to use this command orient to edges So if I click on that What it will do is take that as my straight edge and it will put this all upright Which is now much better. So again, if we go back over here We can see that this is now starting to take shape still not there, but we're much much closer Next job is if we go into it'll be UV mode I do this and be you see these edges are wiggly and now to be fair I could leave this as it is and I would pretty much get away with that But it would be a pretty rubbish tutorial video if I didn't show you how to do it properly, wouldn't it? So I'm going to select all the UV's on the shell here and Then I'm just going to close my arrange and layout section and go back into unfold for a second And I'm going to use this straight and UV's option here, which is really useful So if we just zoom in a little bit What it's going to do you can see some of my lines are a bit wobbly going Up and down vertically and they're definitely wobbly going horizontally as well So if I just use this option here straight and UV's Because they're all pretty close to being in line. My it just works out for me and it straightens everything up perfectly That is now beautifully set up. So I'm just going to go back into shell mode and Then the last thing I need to do really to get this to look right is I'm just going to make this shell much bigger Which will have the effect of tiling our texture So what I'll do is just bring this central into my zero to one space and then put my scale tool on I'm just going to scale this up Until the width of the shell pretty much fills My zero to one space So there that's about perfect. So if we go into object mode now and deselect You can see that we've now got that tiling effect going on and the contours Follow this around perfectly So these edges look a little bit jagged because I wanted to keep it quite low poly It also makes it a little bit easier to UV map And we can still smooth this out afterwards if you want and then what I'm going to do is just pop this back into place like sale and That's the UV mapping done So as I said that can be really tricky a few years ago that would have absolutely flummoxed me But using this method which I saw another youtuber using this method and it just blew my mind. It was amazing This method will get you out of Almost any tricky UV mapping situation to just stitch it all together and then cut in your own seams as long as you know You need to put them and we'll revisit this again in another video where we're going to use the same Method to UV map a teddy bear. So I hope you find this technique useful I know I really do and I hope that's going to help you to continue to improve a UV mapping Because as I've learned from trying to teach UV mapping to all my students this year Everybody hates it and it seems to be the trickiest part of getting into 3d modeling Okay, so that brings us to the end of another tutorial video Which I can only keep doing because of all my fantastic patrons These wonderful people support me with a monthly donation to help me keep putting out free videos like this one So that everybody can learn to become a 3d artist can learn to become a games artist with that said I would like to give a big shout out to my two latest patrons who joined in the last few days That's hi to Ryan young and to Eric O'Brien. Thanks for joining the campaign guys You rock and if you want to join the patreon, then check the link below Any kind of support is thoroughly appreciated If you want to take your UV mapping and use of my in general beyond what I can cover in my videos Then I really recommend you check out plural site. They've got loads of awesome tutorials I follow their tutorials myself That's how I keep on top of things and if you want to get access to the service If you use my link in the video description, you can get a 10-day free trial to check the service out Okay, so that brings us to the end of this episode I hope to see you all in the next one where we're even going to do a book and we'll take a UV map externally to Photoshop Detection there or we'll do a teddy bear where we'll take the UV map out of my again and we'll do some texturing in substance painter So we're definitely gonna do both of those. I just don't know in what order yet Okay, thanks for watching guys and I'll see you next time


People have asked me, what's your favorite duty station, what's your favorite job, what's your favorite position? And there's a lot of close seconds. But I think probably the time that, one, I was closest to my troops and actually serving in a combat environment was when I had Regimental Combat Team 1 which fought in March up to Baghdad and then also fought in Fallujah in 2004. I probably got some of this white hair from that particular engagement because it was a tough situation. Commanding in combat is probably the most testing that you can probably ever ask of yourself. You know, you really, you really test it. You should know you have to put the people you love the most into harm's way. That's tough and that really wears on you.  But that period of time as a Regimental Combat Team commander probably was the most impactful position that I've had and probably ever will have in my life. The decisions he makes are monumental in my mind. And that was not exactly just as a general officer. I think my husband made some pretty tough decisions all the way through his career. The Marine Corps has a legacy that's a proud legacy. The people that have gone before have been examples, shiny examples of all kinds of leadership, good leadership, etc. And I think that legacy is something we need to continue on.


BU Women's Tennis concluded this weekend's Harvard fall classic with a single sweep over Big Ten team Illinois and an overall single score of nine to eight. Freshman Barbara Rodriguez led the Terriers in singles with a perfect 3-0 record, knocking down opponents from Brown, Illinois and Harvard during the three-day imitational. Freshman actually really come in and stepped up, which has been really impressive. Barbara has come in, she's playing number three right now, and she's done amazing. Doubles and singles. Lauren and Johanna both sophomores only and they've, they're playing one and two, which is just unbelievable to come in and play that line. But yeah, those two, we're looking, we're looking for them to do some good things. The Terriers used this last tournament of the fall to test doubles combinations for the spring. Sophomores Madison Kraft and Kim McCullum played together for the first time this weekend and led the BU Doubles with an eight to six win over Brown. But I definitely see us playing a few matches together because we both have strong serves and so we were able to hold our serve and be really active at the net. Despite seeing improvements in the team this fall, Coach Leslie Sheehan says there's still plenty to work on in the off season. You know, our fitness is big right now just to be able to last through some of these long matches. Our consistency and then our, probably our doubles after this weekend's tournament, the BU women's tennis team has positive momentum, propelling them forward into the spring. Our coach was just telling us finally you guys are like putting in what we've done in practice into your matches. So it's definitely been one of the better ones. Now that the BU women's tennis team has joined the Patriots League, they look forward to playing some brand new competition in the spring. Their first game is set to take place on January 26th against Rhode Island reporting for BU News Service. I'm Monica Aktar.