Okay, I just hit the record button. So this meeting is being reported. Thanks everyone for filling it in. Like I said, I'm Erica beer bower. I am hosting the place of rich who is traveling today. Thank you everyone for joining. This meeting today is just a general meeting. And as we always do in the beginning, we're going to go through the reading of the Linux Foundation anti trust policy. We're not actually going to read it, but here is the slide that as rich always says just being a good person is basically what this is saying. And if you want more information, you can read it. And the link is on the general meeting page. I'd like to start out with if there's any new members to the group. Can we have you introduce yourself at this time. I can start. Hey everyone. I'm Uncle Jen. I am not necessarily new to the group but I have been joining intermittently, serving as proxy for Ravish Devon on behalf of the bear subgroup today. Oh, great. Thank you so much for joining on behalf of him. And where are you located. I'm located in Columbia, Maryland. Great. Good morning everyone. And is there anyone else. I'm not. I'm seeing a few names that aren't super familiar to me but I'm just substituting. Not sure who's new and who's not. But if there's anyone else who'd like to introduce themselves or give an update on what they're working on. That would be great. So this is Jonathan Holt. I'm not also not new. I've been working for the past year and a half. I'm a clinical geneticist and biomedical informaticist by training. I live in Chicago. I'm the chair of the ancient identity identity healthcare subgroup of the IEEE and I'm mostly work on genomics applications of blockchain technologies but mostly that center around identity and encrypted data stores. Oh, great. That's very interesting. I am also in a couple of those IEEE subgroups as well. I am in the IONT and the research subgroup. So wonderful to have you, Jonathan. Anyone else?   I forgot to ask. I'm in Chicago. That's right. Okay, great. So for those of you that are new, it doesn't sound like there's anyone who's super new. Please consider adding yourself to the membership directory, which is on the screen right now. We have members here just so that if anyone needs to contact you or you want your information to be known, this will be the place to have it. I'm right here as you can see. And here's Rich. So I'm right here. So to that, that would be great. I do think you need a Linux foundation and ID to get into that. And that's really easy to set up if you haven't done that already. The next thing I was going to talk about is, Rich has been talking about this for a while, but the Hyperledger Global Forum is a huge event for Hyperledger. It's happening here 3rd through 6th in Phoenix, Arizona. Is there anyone you want to go into that? I'm planning on going into that. Oh, great. Is this John? Yes, John Walker. Great. Okay. Well, maybe we can get an update for you from you at one of the other meetings. It seems like it's going to be a great event. And then, of course, we have the HEMS conference coming up in March. I was told by Rich that Hyperledger is actually not going to have a group this year at HEMS, which is kind of surprising. I think he's focusing on the Global Forum. So, there is a social event for the Hyperledger and healthcare special interest group that I think Rich is going to have an email about. If you are going to attend, is anyone on the call going to be at HEMS? Okay. That will be a big conference as we all know. And then also, is there any announcements that anyone would like to share with the community for updates on what they're working on? Some of the business stuff that people are, any progress people are making or any interesting updates for the group? Tell us about this is Jonathan. So one thing I've been working on in the IEEE identity subgroup has been immunization records. And I have the specification done. And we're still waiting to get some feedback, but I'd be happy to share. Mostly just for cross-pollination between different, because each standard has standard bodies. And I think the more we can cross-pollinate and actually get feedback. So the data model actually uses verifiable credentials, which is a specification coming out of the W3C. But the sort of the payload and the evidence, the data actually is in HL7 fire. So I certainly would appreciate some feedback to see if I'm totally off base as far as this approach. There is some concern as far as what we leak in patient health, a PHI, that maybe be done better. I'll put the link in the chat. Okay, great. And is this something that you're preparing for the IEEE group in a document, or are you just getting feedback on your approach? Yeah, so the data model is actually mostly coming through the W3C and the schemas would be hosted. Well, that's the question is actually which standards body does this really belong in. So the IEEE is you probably know is that there's a lot of, they make their money by copywriting their material. But I think the data model actually shouldn't be cooperated, but probably the implementation guide that actually accompanies it. The actually for IEEE members is actually what would be proprietary to that group. But the data model itself I think is should be free and available and open source. And I think the question is really like who hosts these authoritative source of something called JSON-LD or the JSON schemas. Okay, great. We've had in my groups that I've been involved in, we've had some questions. Maybe similar, maybe not on just exactly what we're providing. And some of the groups I'm in, we're just providing links to what's already out there to show people where to find things and then filling in the gaps where standards have not been set. But we still aren't 100% sure who our audience is in some cases. So if you have any feedback on that, or if you know anything we don't know, that would be great. Because we're not quite sure exactly, for example, the research group, if we're targeting, you know, from simple companies, individual researchers, institutions, who's actually at this content, who will be working with this content, that's some of the struggles that we are trying to get addressed by the larger group. But I think from the, Jonathan, I think from the, working with the patient subgroup, we'd certainly be interested in your work and any, you know, proposals that you have out there. Because I'll be clearly identity and where that exactly, as you said, where that's hosted and what the format of that exchanges is very relevant to some of the discussions we're having. Yeah, exactly. And I think the way that really it's with the verifiable credentials is actually it's really the idea of a self sovereign digital identity. So that patients and or providers actually have their own identity.  The reason why I started with the vaccination records is that when I used to teach at university, the graduate students, it's like the Hello World of a health record is always like a vaccination record because there's so much there to unpack and as people can understand it. The vaccination records are also very much decentralized. So you don't get all your vaccinations from one healthcare system.  You know, I've had vaccinations, you know, and in other countries. So how so it really is like, but how do you actually have that as proof if you actually bring it to another doctor? How would they trust that you indeed had a typhoid shot? So I think that's the where I started with it, but also has to do with physician identities.  And what's the authoritative source of truth that you actually can independently verify their credentials. So there's a lot to unpack and I think it's but the where basically the model is done. And I just need some more feedback. And unfortunately, the very public credentials sort of on hold right now with the W3C is in transition and standards take a long time to mature. And so this is sort of I think the first pass at it and we basically throw some stuff up and see if it sticks. Great sounds very obviously is very relevant. Yeah, wonderful. Thank you for sharing. I was just going in my head of all the vaccine vaccination times I've gone through all the way from, you know, when you're little through college and like you said in other countries so it would be great to streamline that somehow. Okay. So next. Oh really quick. I would like to use it more. It's a really good way to stay engaged with the community. So if you if anyone else uses it that would be great and you can make comments and put post like the one that you just did Jonathan on there for for feedback. And the next thing we'll do is the subgroup updates. And we'll start with the patients members subgroup. Do we have someone on the call from this group. Yes, I don't think I don't see Dennis on the call. Yeah, he usually is on all the costs so I'm surprised to not see him, but if you could give an update on just any progress you've made where you guys are at that would be great. Sure, so we're working on a POC. That demonstrates the comparative demonstration between the sawtooth network and a fabric network for a consent. So we're basically the team is. We need to present our progress at the at the global forum I don't think we'll be doing a session or anything but maybe a bridge and feather one kind of sidebar sessions. But that's basically our goal is to to have kind of our, you know, a point one POC ready with use case documentation behind that for the global forum. That's what we're working towards. Oh, that's wonderful. We're just starting but we've got some traction and a good, good team so that's great. Great. That's wonderful. Okay, so next is the bear sucker. So everyone this is again for anybody who joined a little later on proxying for Ravish Devon today. Update, we, we are reorganizing the group. We shared this in the previous few meetings, unfortunately the participation in during the last part of last year kind of dwindled and it was not really consistent. So we decided to take a break reorganize start fresh in the new year with new times. Maybe it was the time that was not working out for everybody it was late in the afternoon on Eastern Standard. So I will be reaching out to schedule a new time for the zoom meeting we are targeting to have the meeting on Thursdays at 12 EST. You will be receiving some communication from us. Again, we, we had engaged with some pair organizations about a pair organization in the vision industry over here in Maryland and they are interested in doing a POC with us. So we're really just trying to get more traction and bigger team and more involvement and include more people as we'll be doing some exciting stuff this year. Okay, great. Thank you. Sometimes it's hard to get things going and it's good that you have a plan to set up a new meeting time and kind of try to work with everyone on that. Next is the healthcare interoperability is a group is Steven on the call. No, I don't see Steven on the calls Bob Coley in New Hampshire. Hi, we had one new member join very interesting and exciting in a way from Mexico, we am all the eyes. On our last call on Monday this week. And he is tied in with with the whole Mexican phenomenon of trying to get electronic health records EHRs and PHRs into Mexican doctors and offices and hospitals so it's like a blank slate compared to what's happened in America since 209 and the 31 or more billion dollars subsidizing doctors and hospital centralized EHR PHR systems. I don't know why Steve, I thought Steve was going to be able to be on this one. But basically, this subgroup is was focusing on how clinical artifacts can be stored in the blockchain in the semantically interoperable way. And the policies and assets and consensus process needed to guarantee semantic interoperability so it's focusing on the four levels of interoperability is focusing on semantic level. And I am not a computer engineer I was in, you know, private practice of internal medicine gastroenterology in Rhode Island for 38 years and retired in 205. But I've always been a technology enthusiast and I just couldn't miss the new blockchain superimposed on decent on centralized database systems that I had, you know, encountered in my, in my medical career. So that's that is the, you know, I think that's promising that we've got another young person. And who has connections throughout Mexico and also is partnering with sounds like EHR PHR vendors in in California. So he's very enthusiastic and we're looking for new, we're looking for additional engineering types that want to get involved in this. In this subgroup, and we talked with rich repeatedly as as has Stephen. And I think the process of recruiting members of the subgroups is not yet fully refined and, you know, and any, any help that might come from the members of attending this meeting would be appreciated. Thank you, Dr. Coley. Yeah, if there's anyone on the call who's interested, please contact Stephen Elliott or Bob. Thanks so much for the update. Thank you. Okay, the next next we'll talk about the ad hoc teams I'm going to speak on behalf of rich for the wiki redesign team. Thank you so much for this so we can increase access to the healthcare special interest group site. So a suboptimal. And so we were to find anyone with conflict confluence experience.  And if anyone's interested, I think there was someone on the last call. Let Rich know. Anyone in the call from the academic research team. Okay. And then the next team is the use case development team and that's that's my team. I just am getting this revamped and started. For members who have responded and get just getting ready to set up some meetings. And Wendy Charles had set out a wonderful example of a very well done use case. We're really trying to get more in depth details in our writing when we present these use cases. And really the goal is to develop high quality and compelling use cases of foreign healthcare stakeholders and other interested parties on applicability of blockchain specifically hyper leisure and healthcare. We're going to use guidance from medical journals and provide current references to support our use cases. We will collaborate with other groups and general members and potentially other standards groups including IEEE and other blockchain and healthcare companies to ensure proper representation of these. We're setting a meeting up in the next few weeks for that. And the group members are Patty and Dennis, me and one other member. So thank you everyone for being involved. If anyone is interested in participating in any of those use cases, have any knowledge around there or would like to do some research, please let me know. Okay. The next topic is the survey is live. I took the survey yesterday. Let's see here. This is what it looks like. So it's really quick. It took me like five minutes. So we'd really appreciate it. If you could take the survey, there was an email sent out with a link to it. It's really just trying to find out where interests lie, who you are, what's your activity in the hyper ledger space or in the blockchain space, what types of blockchains you're interested in hearing about other than hyper ledger. So it's a lot of different questions around that. So we'd really appreciate it. If you could go ahead and take that survey and give us some feedback, so we can make this group better. And here's a link actually right here to it if you are interested. And the survey will remain open until February 14. So put quite a bit of time to give some input for us. All right. Is there any changes that you'd like to see within the group, any feedback? This is, this is the time to share your thoughts. Okay. My interject one thing. When we had this new attendee. I put together. He had just started to look into it. I put together a couple of emails to, you know, point them to the membership directory and the, the chat and the listserv and all. And I just wondered if, if that could be developed to facilitate. The onboarding of new members of the SIG. Kind of like an, like a little packet and an email to give, give people direction on how to, how to be involved. I mean, if they, if they somehow someone refers them to it, they're all excited and, but it is not a simple trivial thing to, to learn where all the links are hard to, you know, find the right URL for the chat, rocket chat and all. So, you know, I think if it were, if it were something you could email to someone to facilitate their understanding the whole thing that's going on in this complex system, you know, it would, then they would tell their friends, you know, and it could build the, the membership. I agree. That's a great idea. That's wonderful, wonderful feedback. This meeting is being recorded and Rich is going to listen to everything. So I'll pass that on to him and that's a wonderful idea. I agree. I had some, some trouble when I first started as well, like even finding the link for the zoom meeting, you know, you have to scroll down and it's in the middle of the. Oh, absolutely. It takes, it would take a lot of pressure off Rich in, in the recruitment task that he, that he has supervised the other thing. Right. That he takes on that he, yeah, it's a lot of, it's definitely a lot of work and it's a volunteer position, obviously. So yeah, that, that's a great, great feedback. Thank you. Thank you, Bob. I see that quite a few people have joined the call since we started out there. Is there anyone else, any new members who would like to, I was going to speak about the next meeting, the next few meetings, we have an interesting speaker coming that I was going to let you guys know about, but is there anyone else who wants to introduce themselves? Okay. So not the next meeting is another general meeting, but the meeting is not the one of the 21st. We're going to have Ben Parkinson, a director of product management at Luma deck was a healthcare startup recently acquired by Providence health. He's going to present to the group on self sovereign identity management solution and do a live demo using cover ledger Andy. This is going to permit patients to electronically update providers and pairs with their member details through secure digital law transactions. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Actually, he's going to have a demo at him's. So this, this presentation. 21st. Is going to be kind of like the same type of presentation that he's going to give at him. Great meeting. Exciting. Exciting. Please don't work for Providence health. It's really interesting. And I'm really glad. Kind of taking this on. Okay. And then our next meeting is another general meeting. For our next meeting. So one thing that came up earlier was about this concern about semantic interoperability. And this is again, what I'm struggling with as far as where to host. Schema definitions and who like which standards bodies and I'm still stuck at the most solutions right now use basically just HTTP hosting. But there's a host of challenges of security matters. And so, and this is just me just voicing my, my concern and frustration because like everything I see is basically like, yeah, it's blockchain. But it's like a blockchain running on Azure or in AWS.  But then we're still using HTTP. And so, and I struggle with that with, with this semantic interoperability right in peace right now, which is basically all of our security is still vulnerable to middle attacks and SSL proxy forging. So it's, I'm just struggling with, I'm a very big advocate for blockchain technologies. I've been in this space for four year plus years now. And I'm a clinician. So, and I'm a programmer and I actually spend my time way down in the weeds parsing binary. And so, but I'm, I'm still stuck at the, how insecure it is. Yeah, it sounds like you a lot of background and different things and have, you know, where you're coming from. It makes sense that you have these questions and this, these are great topics to bring up. So we can definitely add that as a talking point to the next meeting. And if anyone has any feedback or would like to comment on that right now, that would, that would be great as well. Well, Jonathan, I'm curious about your, your earlier mentioned that basically the SSI, right, or distributed identity is, so that's really being driven by the W3C. And I would, I mean, I haven't really plugged into that under, understand what SSI is and, and the challenges you're describing, but it seems like if the, that would be the top level organization, right, to drive that out. And then other standards bodies would either adopt or experiment with implementations, right, of whatever, what direction they're going. And I'm curious if you come, you were saying that that's kind of the ownership of that initiative is on hold right now or in transition. What do you have any, any insights into that? Yeah. So the working, it's a working group in the W3C that actually had their restating their charter. So there's, it's interesting because there's also work being done at Hyperledger. So Aries, who the presentation next week is going to be about self-sovereign digital identity SSI. And the project Aries has a different spin on things with this whole did come. Basically it's rewrapping like everything we've done over the last year, which is DNS resolution, TLS for secure transmission. And basically we're, we're wrapping HTTP in all these other protocols. So, so yeah, so the, but under the, under the cover is, it's basically still HTTP and, and we all know that actually it's, it's, it's really insecure. And I spent most of the day yesterday actually, you know, proving this out, which is I really, how do you, like everyone wants to demo is like, oh no, we fixed that bug. And so, so you basically like can piece together a couple different hacks and actually show that like, and from a security standpoint they're, they're still all very vulnerable to these type of vector approaches. So these vulnerabilities. So, so yeah, so they're, they're not, not just a project Aries or W3C. This is also the Diff, the Decentralized Identity Foundation. In healthcare space there's, if you guys are familiar with the direct project. And so direct is basically SMTP over a secure certificate. Basically it's email. So actually like you, you send payloads of, of information via email, but there's basically one source of truth of the secure, the secure authority of basically who comes from the direct trust. And that's the problem because that's like, that's basically a monopoly. It's not decentralized. It's not really self-sovereign in any sense. So I guess I'm having an existential crisis and, and now since I've spent years working on this and really dove down into the way, way down in the details and have concerns. I'm curious in the, in the, is in the mix with the W3C, is any of the work that Berners-Lee's doing was solid or erupt? Yeah, of course. Yeah. So those, that's those are like encrypted data stores as being one of many different solutions. Unfortunately, you know, Tim really has his head around the HCTP protocol, which he created, which is the higher W3C consortium is concerned about that one protocol. So everything is about that protocol. So, so I think there that comes with a lot of baggage as far as these standards being developed in a, in a standards body that is concerned about one protocol. So since hence why I think there's need for cross-pollination and just a fresh eyes of making sure we don't reinvent the same vulnerabilities in, in these flashy new things we call blockchains, but they're really still just API calls. Hi, can I just chime in here? My name's Kent. I'm a fabric developer and some ideas on Jonathan's project. So you could think of it as the identity module in front end. And then you wouldn't put the patient name onto the blockchain, but you would have some sort of serial number or code. And then you put some of the patient information. So to separate the identity and the information on fabric, for example. Now, one of the interesting things is that fabric does not have they does not encrypt the information at the front end. So you might need to encrypt it before it goes onto the chain. And another thing is that we use TLS in fabric. So that might alleviate some of your concerns. And another interesting option is to use private data collection. So normally with fabric, we have different nodes, different validators, different endorses, we call them endorses, and that might be a centralization problem, as in who would endorse the information to go onto the chain. With private data collection, one of the best things is that the user or the patient or the customer, whoever it is, can actually self-certify that information and put it on without needing a second or third party. So that might be some of some ideas to help you develop your project. And how do you share the semantics between? So I think my understanding of fabric is that it's still very much a certificate authority that you spin up and actually like, and you have other people co-signed so that whether the trust is actually is basically through your partner. Let's say you have a pharmacy company actually like you and you have a hospital and you have an EHR because basically you all have to basically cross-sign your certificate authority. So they're self-signed and you basically cross-sign and that's your web with trust. Usually yes, but with the private data collection, the answer is no. So the last part of my answer would be that with private data collection, you can actually self-certify the information yourself without needing any second or third party, anybody else. You can just self-certify the information for yourself. So private data collection, one of those three words might be very helpful for you. Okay. And there's a lot of similarities but we're working on with a self-solving digital identity as far as creating these things to do that. But what about? My point is that putting the identity, separating the identity from the fabric blockchain. So the data goes on the fabric blockchain and the self-solving identity is a separate part probably ahead of it. Okay. Cool. Thanks. That was a great discussion. I'm learning a lot. Does anyone else have any comments? Wonderful. And we can continue this too. If anyone has comments later, or we can bring it also bring this up at the next meeting, as it is also a general meeting and there should be plenty of time to bring up topics like this next time. Does anyone have any closing comments or other topics they'd like to discuss before we end about 20 minutes early here? This is Alicia. Hi, Alicia. Nothing regarding that. Just actually recommending a book for very interesting reading. Okay. It's called The Price We Pay. And it's by Dr. Marty McCurry. And it's a very interesting book regarding, you know, payers, but patients. And, you know, when I'm reading it is, I see the amount of potential of, you know, developing a lot of different things for in health care. Is this written with regard to the U.S.? Yes. Yeah, so yeah, for people that are not in the United States, no, not really for them. But it's really regarding health care in the United States. And this physician is a physician researcher that works at Hopkins. Okay, great. Wonderful. Thank you for the recommendation. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. But a link in the, in the chat, that would be great as well. And we will include that in the show and the notes for the meeting as well. Okay, thanks. So anyone else, any comments? Updates, questions, topics for discussion for either now or next meeting. All right. Well, wonderful. Thank you everyone for joining. Thank you for letting me through. Thank you. Thanks so much for the opportunity to join in the chat as well. And thank you for joining in the chat. And thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. I was going to say that this is February 7th. Same time. And we're talking about that. If there's nothing else, everyone have a wonderful weekend. Thank you. Thank you.


Really the fight tonight award is really what we figured in the MLG that we put in place to help units recognize the importance of readiness. If we get to call within 96 hours that our Marines and sailors aren't preparing to go, they're ready to go. And although we can only recognize one unit at a time, I would tell you that it is a very close fight. And of course being a 70s BLM, understanding how difficult it could be sometimes to coordinate and make sure that everyone's on the same sheet of music when it comes to readiness. We recognize how difficult it can be. We have to be ready at a moment's notice.


The police council has confirmed Usman Baba as the nation's substantive Inspector General of Police. The decision was taken at the council's meeting presided over by President Muammar Dabuhari, the Minister of Police Affairs Meghari Dinyadi, confirmed the development of state house correspondence at the end of the meeting. Recall that Buhari had on April 6th appointed Baba as acting IGP. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


For this presentation for today, we'll be talking about the fiscal annual report of... All right. I can't stand this guy. He's already standing. Psst! Hey! Hey! I heard he's having an affair with the receptionist. Aren't you the receptionist? Yeah, that's how I knew. What do you want from me? I'm just trying to make conversation here. Can you keep a secret? Huh? Yes. I heard the boss going to lay off half the employees. There's only two of us. It was nice knowing you. The boss is really cheap. You know what? That seems like it. I need to take this call. Hello? Hey! No technology in the company. We're on a budget. Yeah, hello? Yeah, cancel my 4 p.m. meeting. Very cheap. Very cheap. Very cheap. How did you even get this job? I had to go under the table. What, really?  Oh, no. I mean, the contract fell on the table. So I had to go down and sign it. Fuck. You scared me.  This was going to give us a raise. Hey boss, thanks for the raise! What? How did you know? No more raise. What? We quit. Fine. I'll keep both of your pays. We're joking. Yeah, take a joke. Hey boss, can you come here? Can you turn around? Turn around. Now we can literally talk behind his back.  Ass-sy. Hey, don't back talk to me.  What are you guys doing? Nothing. But doesn't this look ass-symmetric? Oh, okay, okay, okay. Okay, let's get it done. Ass-soot-ass-poss-ass-balls. Stop. Balls. Ass-ass. Stop. Ass-soot-ly. No, stop that, stop that. Excuse me. I'm a good ass-ess. Stop it. Astrology. Ass-soot-ass-cop. Do you know the boss actually asked me last week? No. What did he do? So at first, he was like, oh, smooth skin. What cream did he use? And then he was like, nice shirt. It fits for the office. And he goes even lower.  Then he goes even lower. And I felt so uncomfortable. Same. Then he asked me, read the contract so I can bump up your pay raise. And he sent me down. He's like, oh, this company, people need to exercise more. Exercise, exercise. It feels so wild. I'll go for you. This guy's the worst. Someone say something? Yeah, she said you're the worst. What are you doing?  Who said that? Hello? Can I order a bus, please? Why? To throw you under. So if you guys can see, we're here listening. Charles and Tisha are actually one of my worst employees. And now you're going to see the reason why I'm going to fire them after work. Wait, is he firing us? Why don't you say it to our faces? I literally just did. He's the worst. He's the worst. He's the worst.


This study proposes a new type of non-Newtonian fluid quasi-solid electrolyte, NNFQSE, which consists of sulfonated silicon nanoparticles, liquid electrolyte, and polymer network. This material has both shear thinning and shear thickening properties, making it ideal for use in LiO2 batteries. It also has the ability to respond to sudden changes in force, such as high current rates, by turning from shear thinning to shear thickening. This allows the material to prevent lithium dendrites from forming and penetrating into the battery, thus increasing its lifespan. When combined with the NNFQSE, the lithium-symmetrical battery can run for more than 2,000 hours at 1 mA Cm2 at room temperature, and the quasi-solid LiO2 battery can last up to 5,000 hours at 100 mA G1. This article was authored by Guam Lixing, Tong Yang, Ifeng Hong, and others.


So this is my Mars Hydro three by three foot grow tent that I have located in my basement. I use this primarily for growing vegetables indoors during the winter season when I'm not growing outdoors. So it's a three by three size. It comes with this liner in the bottom, which is easy to remove and clean out when needed. So the types of things I like to grow in my grow tent here are cucumbers, tomatoes, strawberries, peppers, a variety of lettuces. As you can see, I've just got some netting, some string set up just for all the vining crops to grow on. So the only extra things I've added to my grow tent is a grow light, a fan and a timer to run the fan and the grow light from. It's got all sorts of venting holes here you can use if you want to do any kind of venting. I don't find I need it for growing vegetables. I just use one of them here to run my power cords through. And then come spring, I can use my grow tent for my seed starting. As you can see here, I've got some of my seedlings going, some outdoor plants started. So this tent works great for seed starting as well. So I've been had my grow tent for about three years now and I've been really happy with the quality of this product. Works great for my hydroponics and for my seed starting. I highly recommend the Mars Hydro Grow Tent.


Hello and welcome to the session I am Deepika here. Let's discuss the question which says choose the correct option and hit justification. From a point Q the length of the tangent to a circle is 24 centimeter and the distance of Q from the center is 25 centimeter. The radius of the circle is a 7 centimeter, b 12 centimeter, c 15 centimeter and d 24.5 centimeter. Let us first understand the tangent to a circle. Now a tangent to a circle is a line that intersects a circle at only one point. So this is a key idea behind our question. We will take the help of this key idea to solve the above question. So let's start the solution. We have a circle with center O from a point Q the length of the tangent to a circle is 24 centimeter. Now we know that the common point of a tangent to a circle and the circle is called the point of contact and the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius to the point of contact and the distance of Q from the center is 25 centimeter. So hence we are given a circle which center O is equal to 24 centimeter and O Q is equal to 25 centimeter. So we have a triangle O P Q right angle at P. So in right triangle O P Q now and O Q are given to us we want to find O P. So we have O P is equal to under root of is equal to root of 25 square minus 24 square and this is equal to under root of 49 because 25 square minus 24 square is equal to 25 plus 24 into 25 minus 24. Now 25 plus 24 is 49 into 1 it is equal to 49 only. So this is equal to 7 centimeter. Hence the radius of the circle is hence the correct option is A and this is our answer. I hope the solution is clear to you. Bye and take care.


Hi, this is Michelle Getzinger. I am here. I want to introduce you to my new cooking show that I'm going to get started. And it's about being a gluten-free vegan and how I'm surviving that whole process. I recently have been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune disease, which I haven't been able to put the direct diagnosis down yet. So I'm still trying to figure out exactly what I have. I've been through a series of three different types of medicine. I've been on a malaria pill, chemotherapy, and now I'm on a biologics. And we're still trying to get this flare that they call or this into remission so I can kind of progress a little bit better in life. But one of the ways I've been doing that is by trying to do as much as I can control-wise on my end. It's like taking supplements, taking better care of myself, and I'm changing my diet. So about a year ago, I completely changed my diet. I went on a AIP version diet, and I'll go ahead and put a link down below so you can see what it is. And that didn't work. So after four months, we went ahead and went to a full-on gluten-free vegan diet. So that means I eat no meat, no eggs, no fish, nothing like that. I do eat honey, but a true vegan would not eat honey. No milk, so no butter or anything like that. And then also I avoid gluten altogether. So it makes it for a very difficult diet, but at the same time, I know that it has helped. If anything, it's helping mentally because I know I can do it, and I was able to do it. Number two, I did lose 53 pounds, and my joints are doing a little bit better because of it. So one of the things I wanted to do in this cooking show is kind of help you show you some of my coping mechanisms, because when you change a diet and your lifestyle like that that quickly, you lose a lot of things that you're used to and that you really do love and that are comforting. So one of the things that was very comforting to me was coffee, and it was one of the things I had to cut out for 30 days. And then when I reintroduced it, I wanted to make sure that it was very special because it was. I am lucky that I'm able to have coffee. So one of the things that I do is I always use a fancy cup, and it's usually the same one. I also use a special type of cocoa whip. That's exactly what it's called. It's made from coconut milk and coconut fat. And I grind my coffee, I make it in a French press, and I make it like a little special routine treat for myself. I only drink two small cups of this a day. Now I know that that's probably going to be kind of hard for you to do. So you do whatever is best for you, but this is what I'm going to do, and I'm going to show you how I've made coffee special for me again. And I can't wait to show you some of my other vegan recipes out there. So thanks for watching, and we're going to go ahead and get started. So the first thing I did was, I decided I wanted to use a French press. I actually had a pour over that a friend of mine got for me. That's what got this whole thing started. Unfortunately, the pour over took too long for me to make a cup of coffee, and by then I was, I have a short tension span, so I was bored. So I went ahead and I got myself this little pot here, and we'll go ahead and get that turned on. And then the next thing I do is don't ever buy any of this stuff in bulk, because when you're on a diet like this, you have to have organic fresh stuff. Now I know this here isn't organic, but things go bad quickly. So if you're going to be doing these things, you'll have to get used to going to the store every couple of days. If you want to make sure that you are going shopping frequently and buying fresh produce, same with coffee, it's best if it's fresh roasted. I really got kind of addicted to this one type of coffee that La Prima makes here in Pittsburgh, and it's called the Rachel Carson Blend. And I only picked it because I grew up right by the Rachel Carson Homestead in Springdale, and I thought it was cool, but it actually is some of the best coffee I've ever had. And they roast it fresh, and then I buy it, and it's all part of my special little routine. And I get to go down to the Strip District and go to La Prima. I mean, who doesn't want to do that? But so I get my water boiling. That's the first thing I do. And then I come over and I measure out for the coffee grinder. Now you're going to learn what your formula is. Just pay attention. I like to put it right below the line for the size of my new pot. I broke my last one. I've already gone through two French presses now, and it has even been here. So you will be able to learn what your formula is if you go this route. The whole point of this really is just to help you start setting up some things that make these little rituals fun again. So I'm going to go ahead and I'm going to grind the coffee. And I like to have it to a little powdery consistency. And then the next thing I do is put in the French press. Like this is super easy.  And this is super easy. If I can do this, you can do this. Put it in there. Had our water boiling. And that's it. Loom, you let it steep. Three minutes later, come back. Three minutes later, I'm just going to push down that pumper, which I'm having problems with. And I'm probably going to be on French press number four real soon. And when I do, I'm going to go back to glass because I'm not a huge fan of this one. The one nice thing is it is not glass, so I haven't broken it yet. So I take the cocoa whip. And how I got to cocoa whip was I drank a whole lot of coffee made fake creamer because brew milk always bothered my stomach, unless it was heavy whipping cream and then I could tolerate it. But when I got back on this, I couldn't find anything I like to put in my coffee. I don't like soy milk. I couldn't have soy milk in the beginning. I didn't like almond milk. None of them quite tasted fatty enough. So I tried whipping cream that wasn't made with real cream. They have like an almond milk version of it. And I started putting that on my coffee. I'm like, oh, this is good. But the problem with that is those whipped cream cans, they get clogged up with something. So you get like two good squirts and you're done. And it was like so expensive. So I went to a store down in Pittsburgh called the East End Co-op. And they actually had this. It's called cocoa whip. And it's made with coconut. So it's like coconut fat, coconut milk, and all that stuff. But it really does a great job substituting. It actually tastes like a fancy latte. So I just put two tablespoons in teaspoons. Actually, I think that's what these are. So that's not a whole lot. And then I go ahead and I pour hopefully there's no grounds that come out the coffee right over top of it. I just let it let it melt it right on the top. And then that's that's my cup of coffee. And I'll let it sit there for a second and all the cocoa kind of just spreads out and gets all nice and because I keep it in the freezer.  But yeah, it is the best Starbucks. I tell you what, if somebody comes up with this, they're going to give you a run for your money. It has been a great way for me to really enjoy coffee again. And since I can only have two small cups of it, it does make it special. And just for the record, I'm going to show all of my epic fails in this video. And I went to teach you how to do coffee right and I totally screwed it up. I did not make the water hot enough. So when we make the B roll version of this, I'll make sure it tastes better.


is devoted for that purpose. So the last talk of this afternoon session on quantum information will be given by Glenn Bigan-Beng from the University of Innsbruck. And yeah, there is Professor Wage who is raising the end. Does he want to say something? I'm going to another meeting. OK, OK. So we get the last talk from Glenn Bigan-Beng right now. So whenever you are ready, you can start your part. OK. I'm ready. Can you see the slides? Yes, we can see your slides. There's just some object on the right that's covering a bit of your slides. It's like the palette, the paint palette. The paint palette? Yeah, it says Colori on the right. I don't see if I can. That's a bit of an issue because I don't see this object. Let me try again. So let me try again. So yeah, it's on the right then in your right corner. Yeah. Oh, yeah, exactly. Close that and that'll be fine. Yeah, thanks. OK. So thank you to the organizer for the possibility to talk. And thank you for organizing this very nice conference. And I'll be talking about the problem of finding the ground state given a certain Hamiltonian. This is closely related to what Estelle discussed before. And this kind of problem in general can be solved using both quantum and classical resources. So solving this kind of problem would have various applications in various branches of science, such as quantum chemistry, computer science, machine learning, and physics. And various groups have already started using quantum device to tackle at least small instances of relevant problems. So one of the standard approaches to find the ground state of a given Hamiltonian is via quantum annealing. So in this case, one takes the target Hamiltonian. And here for the rest of the talk, we will assume that we are working on a Hilbert space of spin 1 1⁄2. So next one adds an Hamiltonian to generate a driving term, which is a composition of the two Hamiltonians. And they are interpolated via a schedule S of t. And this schedule interpolates from time 0, where the Hamiltonian is the initial driving Hamiltonian to the final time where the Hamiltonian is the target Hamiltonian. And the system is led to evolve under this time dependent Hamiltonian, and we collect the final state. So according to the other voting theorem, if the evolution is slow enough, the system will move slowly from the ground set of the initial Hamiltonian to the ground set of the target Hamiltonian. So this is convenient because the ground set of the initial Hamiltonian is usually easy to prepare. But there is a caveat. So the evolution in particular has to be extremely slow or slower, where the spectral gap of the Hamiltonian of the evolution Hamiltonian vanishes, or it's close to zero. So this poses an issue that it's difficult to choose correctly the schedule S of t because we do not know where we have to slow down because we don't have the knowledge of where the vanishing gap is. And usually the standard choice is using a linear schedule for any other guess. But these are simple choices, but not optimal. And in general, it's a problem to obtain optimal schedules without having information about the spectrum of the problem. So here I will consider this problem and we tackle this problem by first discretizing the continuous schedule. So using discretization, the schedule becomes, instead of a continuous function, a stair function. And this leads to the following state, which is obtain applying fixed Hamiltonians for certain steps. So now the schedule becomes, instead of a continuous function, we have only a set of two p parameters where p is the number of steps that we have used for discretization. So the problem can be further digitalized by using a trotter decomposition. In this case, one that composes the single evolution operator of each step in two parts, one for each of the Hamiltonians involved in the quantum annealing algorithm. And essentially, according to the trotter decomposition, one can, instead, apply these Hamiltonians individually for a certain lag of time. So in the language of the schedules that I introduced before, this is equivalent to applying a schedule which has only values 1 and 0, which is called bang-bang schedule, usually. And the time lags for which the Hamiltonian is Hz are now on what parametrized the schedule. So now the problem of optimizing the schedule is a problem of optimizing these parameters. And this discretization is also convenient because such schedules can then be applied easily and studied easily on digital hardware, quantum hardware. And usually they involve an application of few qubit gates. So then when we have optimized these parameters, in 2014, Fahri proposed an algorithm called quantum approximate optimization algorithm in which you take the state you obtain. So what is written here is the general state you obtain when you apply the gates prescribed or retorted to the composition. But now the parameters we use gamma and beta are free. And we use a classical algorithm to optimize them. Essentially, we apply, we create the state corresponding to a given set of variational parameters within a quantum device. Then we measure the expectation value of the energy. And with the classical optimization algorithm, we minimize its expectation values. This results in optimal values for the parameters, which results in a schedule which give a state close to the ground, to the desired ground state. So this is a technically a good technique to optimize the variational parameters. And indeed, what happens is that the equivalent sets powerful enough to describe actually optimal solutions. So the solution, this optimal solution can always be written in terms of these bank schedules. However, these bank schedules are usually very rough and irregular. And it is not clear whether you would recover something similar to the schedule you started from when digitalizing. So in the first part of the talk, I'll discuss how to obtain a technique to obtain these schedules via an iterative optimization of the quantum algorithm. And this leads to, when applicable, leads to an efficient search of these parameters. So it's convenient to use it if possible. So I'll start by discussing the transverse field is in chain. So this model has already been touched by telling the previous talk. And it's particularly convenient to benchmark and study for initial benchmark and studies of algorithms. Later on in the talk, I'll discuss possible generalization for the model. So the transverse field is in chain. It's essentially a ring where the spins are connected and interact. And here with an equal coupling. And here we want to find the ground state of HZ written here in red. And again, we use the algorithm I described before and we produce the auxiliary Hamiltonian. So in general, we can look for a general target for which is we can look for the ground state of a general target, which is a composition of both the driving Hamiltonian and when we apply the QAO algorithm and we have a schedule, it's good to have in mind a parameter that can tell us how good is the schedule. So we consider the rescale the residual energy here written, which essentially it's zero when we have achieved exactly the ground state and one when we are maximally far from the ground state in energy. So when this parameter goes to zero, the algorithm is working correctly. So one, we use an iterative, we propose an iterative construction for these schedules. And we test it on this problem. So we start from a low value of the steps. So here P is equal to and we start from the so-called linear schedule here in gray. Then we optimize the parameters. And again, as you mentioned that we can invert between relation between the parameters gamma and beta to obtain a schedule S as we did in wide digitalizing. So we obtain these parameters and we get the optimal. And here the optimal are the blue squares. Then we go to a higher value of P and we start from a solution which is given by interpolating the solution, the parameters we got at P equal to. So here you see this blue dashed line interpolates the previous solution. And we optimize starting from this point and we find the orange curve. And then we can proceed again iteratively to P equal 8 and to for higher value of P. So what we see is that in doing this local minimal search, the schedule is assuming it's taking the shape where it's getting flatter and slow where the gap is closing. So for this problem, there is a vanishing gap here in the middle. And the problem, so the algorithm actually is able to find where the gap is and construct this optimal schedule without a priori having information about where the gap was located or how or any special information about the problem. So it is interesting to study the performance of such an optimization scheme for the schedule. And we compare it with optimizing the parameters better when starting from a naive random initialization. And we find here, we studied a number of iterations that the classical algorithm needs to find the optimal. And with the random initialization is scale of the square of the depth of the circuit while with an iterative optimization that we just described as a square. So there is a quartic speedup when using this kind of algorithm in efficiency and a more efficient search for these parameters. And then the parameters, we look at the parameters we obtain. So the quality of the state we obtain with the final parameters. And this can be studied with the residual energy that we introduced before. And we compare these parameters with the parameters obtained via the usual standard linear digitized quantum annealing. And in this case, we find that the linear standard digitized quantum annealing scales as a scale as one over the square root of the computational resources while our order depth of the circuit while this solution instead scales as one over the depth of the circuit. So there is again, there is a quadratic improvement also within the precision of the final state obtained with the algorithm with respect to the linear digitized quantum annealing. So as I described, this approach is quite convenient and can lead to an efficient search. However, we found on our discuss later that it's not always applicable and cannot be used for all problems. So to generalize, to tackle more general newtonians, we try to study the problem using reinforcement learning to optimize these schedules. So we view the QAOA schedule optimization as a reinforcement learning process where we have an agent who can apply these gates we describe and then measure the states. So the agent applies the gates, measures the states, and then decides what to do based on what it measures. So the policy, it's the set of rules that the agent uses to decide what to do based on what is measured. And in this case, there are like, I don't have time to describe, but there are standard algorithms in machine learning which allow you to train efficiently an agent. So let's say an artificial intelligence will take the best choices for this kind of problem. So the agent will, at the end of the training, which would last a certain number of epochs, so a certain number of time where we repeat this process for him to learn, will learn a policy and will then try to apply this policy to find the parameters gamma and beta. So in this case, we have to specify for the problem which observables we give the agent. So what is his input or how he decides what to do? And we use as observables the expectation values of the Hamiltonian involved in the query answers. So one technicality which is important is that this approach requires an extra number of measurement because it requires also intermediate measurement for the agent to decide the next move. You have five more minutes. Yes. Thank you. So we look again with this approach at the transverse is in chain. And what we see is that by training the agent for more time, so here you see the first panel, it's a system where the agent has to be trained for more or less 100 epochs and the second for 1,000. And here the blue lines and the red lines correspond to reinforcement learning solution obtained for the schedule or reinforcement learning solution obtained plus a local optimization. So the iterative solution, which is the square, which are the squares, are recovered by the reinforcement learning agent in this problem. And next we consider the fully connected spin model, so where now all the spins are connected. So from a point of view of physically if this model has a longer interaction and somehow we find that it's more complicated to optimize the parameters in this kind of model. So indeed, one can show that the iterative optimization does not perform well in this model and one has to resort to other kind of initialization of the parameters. In this case, we just used a random initialization again, which is the blue line and initialization from the linear digital parameters, which is the orange line. So we apply to this problem again, reinforcement learning. And we see that contrary to what happens with the iterative optimization, reinforcement learning is still able to improve the solution of the problem and to find the optimal smooth schedule for the parameters of M, which are convenient because then for this you can invert the digitalization process. So I'll just summarize what I've discussed. I've discussed two possible ways of optimizing schedules. We digitize schedules. One is an iterative optimization of the schedules, which provides an efficient search. But however, we find that it fails for certain class of problems. And the other one is using reinforcement learning, which allows us to tackle more general militant as some advantages that I did not discuss here, which are transferable, that it can be transferred to larger systems. But we still have a lot of questions on the reinforcement learning or how the reinforcement learning work for this kind of task. So one issue is the problem of measurements. So I would like to reduce the number of measurements. And we have in part, I personally address this with the ability to transfer the policy to larger system. Another issue is robustness to noise. And the next issue will be to characterize the type of solution we obtain now because it's not clear what kind of strategy the solution are following because in the previous case we did not see any slowing down close to the machine gap which we were expecting before. So that will be all. And thank you for your attention. And if you have any question, please. Thank you, Glenn. And thank you for the nice talk. And also for sticking to the time that was allocated. So now I guess the floor is open for anyone who may have a question. So feel free to unmute yourself and ask any question you may have to Glenn. Good afternoon. Yes. I have a question for Enoch, the previous speaker. Can you wait until we get to the discussion? Then the phone will be open right now. It's mainly for Glenn. Yeah. I have just a clarification question. So Glenn, I mean, I'm of course completely out of the field but so the fully connected spin model that you showed Yeah. That is a transverse ising model but with all spins interact. Yes. That's it. So it's the same thing. Okay. Yes, yes. So, yes. Yes. Do we look at that model? And so the, so what's the challenge in doing that versus the transverse spin model? So it's, first of all, one of the first challenge. So when realizing an experiment will be the fact that one needs to couple spins which are far from each other. But this is not the challenge we are tackling now. So the challenge we are tackling now when realizing this kind of, when starting this kind of problem it's that for the, it will seem that in this problem with language interaction, the landscape is too rough and the iterative optimization fails to provide a good solution. So that was a testing ground to see whether by replacing the iterative optimization with a more sophisticated algorithm. In this case, we use reinforcement learning. We were still able to find the solution we're interested in. So we also looked at other different models. So also with disorder, but yeah, I wanted to present a model where one of where the iterative optimization was failing and the learning was working. Usually when the iterative optimization works, the reinforcement learning will also reproduce the solution. But sometimes we cannot use the iterative. I have a, if I can, Steve, a curiosity about the reinforcement learning. Is there a explicit length scale learning that goes on into the reinforcement learning? Or is this, is that something that's automatically built in? So if you have, let's say you have a system with correlations on different length scales. Is this something that is automatically built into the reinforcement learning? So somehow the reinforcement learning has success to the expectation value of the two Hamiltonian, HX and HZ. So in the case, let's see. In the case, if I can maybe. So in the case of the fully connected spin model, it will have access to HZ, which comprehends correlation between spin which are far from each other. Okay, so information about correlation is passed to the agent via the expectation value of HZ. Okay, okay, and I guess that's very important for the, for the learning. Okay, I see, I see, I see, okay, okay, thanks. Okay, so I think you can stop sharing your slides and you can start our discussion with.


In the time I've had a YouTube channel one of the most common questions I get is how do I get a setup that looks like yours? People have been always asking me how do I install these programs? How do I you know configure this program or something like that and obviously that's what a lot of my video content is on But a couple years ago as many of you may well know I put out larbs That's you can get it at L a r b s dot x y z and the idea behind it was just a series of series of shell scripts that can deploy dot files and Install required programs and set up set system settings Relatively a simple script. I mean it has like a nice little dialogue interface But just a little script to set stuff up for you and of course you can go to larbs or well specifically larbs dot x y z and Install it yourself on any kind of arch-based distro, and I've had this for a while I know a lot of you guys use it. I'll see people online using it So it's pretty much out there, and I know it's easy to fork as well Anyway as time has progressed as many of you know I've been using DWM and some of you have noticed that I'm actually not even using arch anymore I'm actually using void linux. I think I might do a video on that again You know two or two years or so ago. I switched to void linux, but that was only for a period and I went back to arch But either way the script of course larbs only works on arch and arch-based distros by default So it works on manjaro and some other things as well But I I'm thinking about basically forking the project or splitting it in half because really I'm using void linux more nowadays And I'm probably going to continue using DWM So there's now going to be I guess a legacy version of larbs That's going to have arch linux that can be installed on any kind of arch just the arch-based distro That has i3 and all the stuff that I've had on my channel before But I'm going to be putting out a new version of larbs pretty soon in fact, it's sort of already an alpha testing you can try it out if you really want but Once you install void linux, which the void linux install process is actually a little easier because they actually have like an auto installer for it But once you set up void linux, you can actually run a new larbs script You can get it at the get it at the website the link is there or at least the command is there and It will really just do the same thing but for void linux Actually, it's a little bit easier to do it on void linux because void linux doesn't have the AUR a lot of the Packages that I needed for Larbs on arch were actually in the AUR which is actually sort of a pain to get like it's a pain to settle that it's user permission Stuff and stuff like that, but so I'm thinking about basically splitting this project in two and For those of you who use it you can of course still use it and I'm still going to be updating the dot files for From before oh by the way the thing you're watching now. This is actually like the what is it? The geo the gorse whatever. I don't know what the program's name is the gorse visualization of the dot files repository So that's what you're seeing And you can see like it as it goes on. I actually clean a bunch of this junk up I look at it right now. I have like a separate vim folder now I actually have that all automatically downloaded or something like that, but So anyway, I will probably be switch. Oh, there it goes. Yeah, okay So I will probably be switching larbs in the long term to void linux But it's still gonna maintain compatibility which with arch Linux and you'll still you're still gonna be able to install the arch Linux version I'll just probably be updating it less and one of the reasons that this is sort of an okay for Okay thing for me to do is I notice that I've been changing the configs way less I like I think the arch Linux Settings with i3 and with all that kind of stuff I sort of stopped making major changes to them because they were pretty much as good as they I wanted them to be They were pretty much highly usable. I had a good manual and all that kind of stuff You know a lot of people have noted like if my if you install larbs, which isn't really its own distribution I mean, it's really just you know a script on top of a special configs for arch Linux or whatever But a lot of people have noted it's arguably better Documented than a lot of other like actual distributions because I put like a whole other read me and all this kind of junk in it But so anyway the void Linux version you can get right now But it doesn't have the documentation and I'm still messing with the builds mainly for surf and DWM so I'll be making lots of changes to those so you can install the void Linux version today right now if you want but you know, it's there it's not really gonna I I'm a little I guess cautious about it just because it's hard for me to it It's always been hard for me to tell people how to update because you really have to know how to use git and Some of it can depend on whatever but excuse me But yeah, the void Linux if you just want to play with it You can get the void Linux version again just goes go to larbs.xyz for all that kind of stuff and Now anyway, I'll be doing other videos on DWM and other things that I'm actually you if you've used larbs before you know, you can actually You can like stream videos from my YouTube channel with like a menu inside But I'm gonna be doing more stuff like that and I need to do the equivalence for DWM and that kind of things But anyway, once I do that it'll be totally done and there'll be an official release But that's gonna be all for now, so I'll see you guys next time


One of the most enduring and important ideas of Sigmund Freud was that the human mind can be divided into three levels of consciousness, the unconscious, pre-conscious and conscious minds. My name is Robin Wallast, I'm a doctor in psychology and in this video we will explore three personality structures which are the Eid, Ego and Super Ego. The Eid operates in our unconscious mind which means that it is not accessible to our consciousness. The Eid is often pictured as a little devil whispering on your shoulder. He is selfish, instinctual, impulsive and refers to an unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic needs such as sex, eating and aggression. Specifically, the Eid is based on the pleasure principle which demands immediate gratification by gaining pleasure and avoiding pain. Think about a newborn child who is crying because he seeks pleasure through food and attention with no regard to the consequences. He demands immediate gratification regardless of the burden caused to his parents. Next, the second personality structure is the Super Ego which is mostly unconscious and often pictured as the little angel smiling on your shoulder. He is like an internal judge who is based on the moral principle. He tells you what is right and wrong, what is socially acceptable to do, think and feel according to real-world rules, moral and norms. Finally, the third personality structure is the Ego which is basically our conscious self. The Ego is who we think we are, it has the ability to make decisions. The Ego operates on the reality principle. It is like an executive mediator who tries to satisfy both the needs from the Eid and Super Ego in a realistic way. Let me give you a concrete example. Imagine that you have to study for an exam or you have homework to do. The Eid is based on the pleasure principle and immediate gratification so when you will start studying you will have thought like this is boring or am I doing this and the Eid will put pressure on you to do something pleasurable like watching a TV series, going on social media, anything that will give you immediate gratification. Then, the Super Ego is based on the moral principle and will act like a judge by giving you thoughts like doing my homework is the right thing to do. I should do it for my career and the Super Ego will pressure you by rewarding or punishing you. For instance, you will feel proud like a good student if you study or ashamed like a terrible student if you quit your task before finishing it. Between the Eid and the Super Ego you have the Ego which is based on the reality principle. The Ego will find a compromise by analyzing both sides. That's right, this homework is a bit boring and I want to do something more pleasurable but if I don't make it, I might fail my exam or my class and so the Ego will find a decision in a realistic way. This is how the three personality structures work. Thank you for watching. Let me know in the comments below your examples of the Eid, Ego and Super Ego and do not forget to feed my Eid with an immediate gratification by liking this video and subscribe to my channel. Stay safe and healthy. Bye.


Well, my dear students, the course is Labour Policy Pakistan and the topic in hand is Introduction to Pakistan Labour Policy 2010. Dear students, social and economic well-being of the people is one of the principal objectives of the present people's government. Labour policies should also aim in attaining the objectives in a manner best suited to the resources of the country and the present state of economy as a matter of fact, my dear students. There is an urgent need to revitalize the economy, required sustained efforts to increase the level of productivity, promotion of investment and maximization of employment in the country. Dear students, with all these things, there is an equally genuine requirement to create among workers and employers a better awareness of their obligations to the national objectives mentioned earlier. Along with this, the government is also focused on recognizing that workers and employers must enjoy reasonable benefits as can be sustained by the economy without suffering setbacks. My dear students, keeping these priorities in view, the government considers that a balanced Labour policy should be based on the following objectives. Number one, workers' right to form unions and unions should be protected and an institutional framework be made available to foster close cooperation between workers and employers at establishment level. The second objective or parameter is equitable adjustment of rights between workers and employers should be ensured in an atmosphere of harmony mutually beneficial to the workers and the management. The third point is, my dear students, consultation between workers and employers on matter of interest to the establishment and welfare of workers should be made more effective. The fourth point of the policy is adequate security of jobs should be available to the workers and there should be expeditious redressal of their grievances. The fifth point of the policy is, my dear students, conditions should be created that workers and employers are committed in enhancing the labour productivity. The next point, my dear student, is promotion to higher jobs be ensured at all levels based on suitability and merit and for this purpose arrangements should be made for in-service training facilities. The seventh point is, my dear students, facilities for proper matching of job opportunities and the job seekers. The other two very important points are, for unions relating to the employment of children to be strictly adhered to and be enforced. What a point as a matter of fact. Therefore, my dear students, the labour policy has accordingly been divided into four parts that is legal framework, advocacy rights of workers and employers, skill development and employment and manpower export. For further detail, you may go to the Wikipedia or the Investopedia or the concerned labour law websites. Thank you very much indeed.


segment of this business as well and we are seeing city actually raising their price target to $115 that's up from $86 and they have a buy rating on the shares obviously talking about the beat but also the strength when it comes to the licensing business and they think that strength can actually carry you through into 2025 Nicole so it's a remarkable move to the upside let's see if it's going to hold we are still seeing a lot of buy and flow going into this name today all right thank you two big movers went up one down thank you Kevin greens in your markets correspondent it's time for a spotlight on some of the big names we know Tesla Nvidia Metta some you may be bullish some you may be bearish here to explain Melissa Armo founder owner of the stock swoosh I'm glad you're with us today because there was a time where you were on with us and really couldn't find a pick in the market because there was no clarity today you're on with us and you used to do a lot of picks right I mean it was just a moment in time where it was it was a tough market time now you have bullish and bearish picks for today what's different well I think again this is a market where you have to find selective things if you're willing to go long and short in different things in different sectors you're going to do a heck of a lot better than if you're looking for any market direction the market is in a very very tight range it's trying to break out higher but it's really not doing it so you were talking about Nvidia I definitely love Nvidia it could be today could be tomorrow could be next week Nvidia is going to have a nice pop it's finally finally got over that $700 number and this could really have a run-up and if that happens then it's going to pull up the overall market it's going to have a nice big rally for the market and the other thing that I like also is Metta remember Metta had earnings last week and I had a huge day that day then it dropped off but I'm telling you today that stock is coming back again I still see 500 as a target insight from that even though that seems crazy from where it was the the night before the earnings and then afterwards people are buying the stock it's not going lower anytime soon and a new pick I have for today as well is win win is up a lot today win had earnings last night that is a beautiful beautiful green bar today on win I think win is higher and again this is it doesn't even matter what the market does win is a nice long so the names you like Nvidia Metta Amazon JP Morgan and win and you know what is there a theme to some of these names because now you're being more selective right on how you're not saying buy the S&P or buy the NASDAQ there's something about these names that stand out to you right well the theme is go with the trend go with what's actually happening you know so many people tend to want to buy the dip or go with things with the market in my opinion while the market is bullish it could drop off at any point in time because there's too many critical factors that are hanging over the market set well yes J pal finally came out and said that they're not gonna lower rates in March which I never thought that he would but a lot of people did if he comes out then again and changes his tune maybe in the summer or right before this summer like in June and says no we're not going to lower rates yet again the market can have a very negative reaction to that so I think the theme is go with the trend of what's happening here with the stocks that you decide to day trade or do options in or invest because you're not going to be able to go along everything even in a bullish market just like you can't short everything when the markets bearish or like 2022 when the market was selling off you have to look at what's happening in the overall trend of all these specific stocks I also want to bring up PayPal because that's a new one I didn't talk about earlier that is fine today we're discussing that a few minutes ago man does that look terrible I mean that stock I wouldn't even be shocked if in the next week that stock is at a $50 price point it's tanking I don't know why people are using it less is the only reason that the negative thing about PayPal is really the fees that they charge if you have ever used PayPal they charge a hefty 3% fee and I think people are just deciding hey we don't want to pay this right right let's get to some of the names that you're bearish on there's a lot of Tesla folks out there they love it even though it's had some pullbacks is it a buy when it's 20% cheaper and you say no no because it's still to be lower Tessa again overall talking about going with the trend test isn't a downtrend I don't know if you talked about this a couple of days ago there was news out it wasn't just a lawsuit last week about Tessa that didn't get found in Elon Musk's favor and now they're discussing the fact that he's talking about different people doing drugs I don't know why that's news to anyone he's never he's never made it a secret about the drugs that he's done but for whatever reason Musk is a target on his back and so I don't know what happens if something if something happens with the leadership role in that company because Tessa needs Musk in my opinion and I think that overall that stock is on shaky ground it's still in a downtrend yeah yeah and Boeing what about Boeing remember Boeing had earnings last week and they didn't give any guidance how can you come out and not give any guidance they've had a lot of mechanical issues they also are having some issues where people are going to start to go the unions were talking about the fact that they that they want some raises so I think the problem with Boeing is that again overall looking at the chart Boeing is in a strong downtrend too while people love to buy that stock and it's not going anywhere anytime soon it doesn't mean this is necessarily a great place to buy it if you really do like Boeing and you want to go long it I would wait and see until it gets at least significantly over the 222 25 area which is nowhere near right now it's having its rally but the market's up today and when you come out and you have no guidance on earnings to me that's a negative takeaway for the stock right understood Melissa Armo great to see you the stocks whoosh thank you always for joining us coming up next the disruptors we're watching uber new all-time highs there as well George Silas will have the very latest on the earnings and what to watch an example trade we'll be right back


In today's experiment we're looking at photosynthesis and different kinds of plants, in particular plants that have adapted to live in the shade and plants that are adapted to live in the sunlight. And the focus is on the different traits that those plants have, the properties that allow them to thrive, for example, on the forest floor or in the direct sun. What we're looking at is what's the difference between sun and shade plants. So you're going to need leaves. Now, these are geranium plants, these like full sunlight, but you can use things like crests if you allow the leaves to grow big enough. Shade plants, there's something called a cast iron plant you can use, but we used ivy, which is very easy to get a hold off, or laurel. You need a sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. You just make this up using bicarb. So this is a 0.2 molar sodium hydrogen carbonate. How would you make that? So you need 84.01 grams sodium hydrogen carbonate powder, and you put that into a thousand millilitres, one litre of water.  And once you've made up a litre of it, you just need about four or five drops of detergent to go into the solution. It just stops the leaf disc from sticking. And then you need your white tile so you can cut your leaf discs out. Now, cutting the leaf discs, you have a few different options. So lots of schools will have one of these. It's called a cork borer. You can use a metal drinking straw. You can hole punch as well. What you want is three or four leaf discs, which are as similar as possible. Yeah, where do we go from there? Once you've got your discs, you would pour your sodium hydrogen carbonate. You can put it into be because it makes it easier for the students to pour it. Now, this is not harmful. This is baking soda diluted with water. So put your finger or your thumb, whatever is comfortable. And you just pour, if you're using a five centimetre, keeps your hinge just up to the five centimetres. So you can either pick the leaf discs up with your fingers or with a pair of forceps, either metal or plastic, whatever you have. Right. If you just want to pop three in, perfect. And then put the plunger in. This is the tricky part. Make sure your students have goggles on for this. And then you want to get rid of the air. So put your finger on the top. Pull down. You're forcing the air out of the leaves. So making them denser. And then tap. This is a bit where you have to be persistent. And they should start to descend. You may get the old stub on one at the top. And so you could put it in a clamp stand with a boss and a clamp. Or you can just leave it on the white tile. And then because we're looking at the difference between white light and green light, just green filter paper. Now, you just need to cut it to a size which you can wrap around the syringe. And what are the key messages or the most important bits of science that you want them to take away? Comparing the sun and the shade plants is that under the white light, both of them will photosynthesize. The idea is that they produce oxygen. This makes the leaf disc less dense, causing it to rise. Green filters on. The plant was just in the full sunshine usually. Now it's only exposed to the green. You would see a very slow rate of photosynthesis, if any at all. The shade plant should rise with the green filter on because it's used to having to photosynthesize using only the green light which is left by all the other plants. Now, when you're doing the practical and you're trying to push the air out, I would make sure my students had goggles on because you don't want to be squirting sodium hydrogen carbonate solution into your eyes. It's not going to hurt you, but it's better to have the safety goggles on. Four steps would be good. All right, okay, so we've got one sinking, one at the bottom and one at the top. So, as we were. No, no, no, no, air out, so push up. Okay, there at the bottom now, boys. Good tapping, well done. And that's what you have to be careful of. So you're ready to start the experiment? So that would be turn the light on, I suppose, wouldn't it? And start timing. So what have you done to make sure this is a fair test? We've done three discs of leaves, so we can take the average from all of them, so we can work out what's the average time of how long it would take to rise. You ready? Three, two, one. They're moving yet? They're not moving yet, are they? No, they're only eight minutes. Yeah. Excuse me, it might take a while. Yeah. What did you see happen? Well, first we saw bubbles forming on the top and bottom and then they kept on growing and growing and just lifted it eventually. For our first geranium it only took eight minutes, but for the group over there it took like over 20. So I don't know if it was about the power of light. Because that's important for the fair test, isn't it? Yeah. That the light is the same brightness and the same bulb and the same distance. So what are you doing now? We're putting the green filter onto the syringe so that there's a different colour of light going on to the leaf discs and we're going to see if that makes a difference at the time it takes to rise. What do you expect will be the difference? For the shade part, because it uses less light, it will go much quicker than the geranium with the filter. Right, boys, so we've done our experiment. We need to talk about what actually happened with our results. I found that some leafs took a significant amount more time than other leafs did. For us, I think we might have done something wrong because the laurel came up the quickest, but then for us the geranium and the ivy didn't come up. Plants can be temperamental. So it might be that you had the syringe in the one which was quicker, you might have had the syringe closer to the light. You might find that the solution, the sodium hydrogen carbonate that you were using may have been slightly warmer than the previous experiment. The leaf discs may have in the syringe been facing the light more than they weren't facing the light. There's all kinds of variables that if we were to repeat this experiment again, that we would need to make sure we kept the same. Often the leaf discs didn't rise for quite a long time, but then when they did rise they rose quite quickly. Did you see the moving at all? So what you get is obviously whilst they're photosynthesising they're producing that oxygen and the bubbles are beginning to collect and then finally when that leaf disc is less dense than the solution they're in then they will lift. So why do you think that the plants behave differently in the different lights? So maybe the plants have adapted to absorb more of say green light than the other types of light. So ones which are more adapted to sunlight would not really focus on green light they would focus more on red and blue light to the ones which usually you can find in the shade. What I would say is so they all absorb red and blue light which is so they're green but you're right that the darker green plant is absorbing more of the green light and that's what you saw. Chlorophyll makes the plants green but did you know that there are two types of chlorophyll? You have chlorophyll A which absorbs at both ends of the spectrum and you have chlorophyll B which is a little bit more in the middle so the chlorophyll B is absorbing towards the green light a little bit more than chlorophyll A. You would have more chlorophyll B present in the shade ones because they simply aren't getting the red and the blue light whereas the geranium would be getting the white light so it would be absorbing the red and the blue so it would probably have more A than B. I enjoyed watching the experiment actually it is I think it's really cool. It is tricky but when you've set it up and you're sitting there watching it actually seeing leaf discs rise as they're supposed to you see the oxygen bubbles form and you can hear the students they're all quite excited about it whose leaf disc is rising first which one's going to get to the top first one goes up then it comes down but it's fun and it's not often photosynthesis experiments are fun so actually be able to do this and see it actually working in front of you yeah it's kind of cool. What are the pitfalls what are the things to avoid? Keep a close eye on them and the syringes make sure they have their goggles on do it in the warmer months of the year because that is going to have a profound effect on the results. Yeah so it is quite it's quite sensitive to the temperature just the air temperature most definitely I would be aiming for the summer term if you're going to do photosynthesis practical doesn't always work out that way but if you can do it in the summer term photosynthesis practicals do tend to work better because it's just warmer. Now if researchers can identify the specific genes responsible for a certain trait for example as we've seen today the traits that allow plants to thrive in shady environments then we could take those genes and put them into crops so those crops would grow all year round or in places where there is little sunlight.


I'm here at New Frontiers 2016 with Scott Nolan from Founders Fund and I get the chance to talk to Scott about a few things that we've been discussing here and some of his insights into what Kibo entrepreneurs can do in the States and what international investors and entrepreneurs can do in New Zealand. So hey Scott, what are your thoughts on what are the unique elements that you're seeing of New Zealand entrepreneurs that you've invested in that you don't see much elsewhere in the world? Yeah, great question. So we've invested in a couple, well we've invested in a number of companies outside the US, New Zealand being one of them and one company we invested in New Zealand recently was called ADI and they are a virtual reality capture startup. And so obviously we love the team, we love what they're doing, but I think to get back to your question about why New Zealand, for us we asked the same question, we're looking a lot at virtual reality, asking ourselves what is going to be the next great company and we thought it would be ADI because they had this great technology expertise in doing human capture within virtual reality and it actually turned out that the reason the company was here was because there was a lot of local expertise in Wellington around cinematography, digital reproduction, visual effects and a lot of that came out of Weta Digital and the expertise that was built around that in the Lord of the Rings franchise. And so that was something where it turned out that because there was this great expertise in this one sector this awesome company had come together and had built out that team. So I'd say often times for New Zealand I think it will get back to what are the areas where New Zealand has great talents and great expertise in certain sectors whether that's visual effects or agriculture, the primary industries, composites like there's a really long list and so I think that's one aspect, another aspect is what are the things that make New Zealand unique relative to other countries and I think it's things like a very open and accessible government so anyone who's creating products that need to work with the government or sell to the government I think there's a huge advantage here and that could even be things like the drone industry where there's a lot clear regulation around what to do and the government's very forward thinking and yes let's support this work. So to us New Zealand is a really interesting place because there is this you know these special types of expertise and that's not to say that we can predict where the next company will come from in which sector it will come from but we're open to meeting people across all different sectors and excited to see what people are doing. And I guess the good news for us is that the next big company could obviously come from New Zealand given by your investment in some of the New Zealand companies. So Scott I know that you travel to New Zealand a lot and that you've spent quite a bit of time here what would you say to other fellow you know American investors or even like investors and entrepreneurs from around the world about you know coming to New Zealand and either starting a business here or investing here like what have you observed what is really cool about the way we do things here in New Zealand. Yeah good question so I'd say to the investors I think first more and more investors are realizing that the next great company will come outside of Silicon Valley or even outside the US and even outside of anywhere they've ever been and so then you ask yourself well then where should we be where should we be looking for these companies and I think a lot of people have talked a lot about you know places like Stockholm and Berlin obviously those have become startup hubs I think then the question is well where's where's the next hub and I think Wellington could certainly be one of them. I was doing a talk about a year ago in Wellington and was shocked by how many people showed up to the panel that we had with Rod and Sam and I was on it also and Brian and Matthew were there and we after the fact we calculated okay wait there were a lot of people there what percent of the like the city population was that and it was something like a percent of the city had showed up for this startup related event so it's definitely something that's at the forefront here and a really great community is being built and even at ADI you know I was there at the company yesterday and talking to people about what they were working on and it turned out that a lot of the people at ADI now had come from other startups in Wellington or in Auckland and so I think one of the things I thought a couple years ago or even last year was yes it feels like New Zealand is is only a couple years away from having this vibrant ecosystem I think we're seeing the start of it where people are at startups are leaving those to go join other startups and now that starts building on itself and it's a very reinforcing sort of cycle and so I think we're right in the middle of that right now so it's almost tipping point sort of story for for Wellington hopefully it feels that way awesome I know that a lot of our startups and entrepreneurs follow you and Twitter and obviously you know the exciting stuff that you do it at Founders Fund and the question that always comes up when we talk to them is especially the ones that want to head over to the States to maybe try and close an investment on they're always like oh you know what do we need to do to to close around in in the States and I wanted to take the opportunity and ask you a different question it's like what are the top three things that you think people shouldn't do when they go and you know try and raise investment in the States and and just riffing off your talk that you did last year about you know things that you you shouldn't shouldn't do I think be really cool to repeat some of the things that you shouldn't do because there's a lot of material out there but you know what you should do but there's also I know I remember from the talk there's a few things that you absolutely shouldn't do yeah and I'd say that the advice isn't really different for New Zealand startups than you know US startups or LA startups or you know Minneapolis startups it's it's really you know what's the best way to raise money I think there's a lot of material out there online about about what to do I think you know specific pieces of feedback I give on what not to do are the most frequent mistakes that are very hard to know in advance I would say number one the US investment cycle like throughout the year does go in waves and so it is often harder to raise in July and August and you know November and December so don't if you can avoid it don't try and start your fund raising efforts then yeah so those are slower periods you want to start in January February March or do a quick fund raise in September October if you can that's going to probably give the best results I think you also have to realize the investors aren't trying to be extremely formal they're just trying to evaluate all the great companies out there and and really get to know the people so I'd say when meeting investors and when pitching just talk about your business as it is and be honest about it and don't try and have some pitched like monologue that you want to go through you know a lot I've heard it said before we don't want to do a presentation we want a conversation and so you don't have to be extremely formal you don't have to wear suits it's really about you know this is a part of your business it's fundraising just as operations are and so just treat it as any other part of your business and try and build those relationships with investors and help them understand what you're doing awesome really good points last question probably you know where's the future for you where do you see some really cool trends emerging that that you guys are looking at it founders fund and some some of the larger sort of mega trends or disruptive technologies that you see coming our way yeah so I would say we try to not think too much in terms of trends so we definitely see trends but for us once a trend is already obvious and there's a huge number of companies that define that trend then it's likely you might have already missed that that great company right so I'd say the best trends are the ones that are so early now that we don't even we can't even identify them or give them a name often is that one company that defines its own space so we are seeing really interesting stuff in manufacturing in biotech in energy generation these are investments we made recently that that we think are going to do really well and so yeah I would say it'll be many things that are very different from from what people have been working on in the past so yeah just to summarize I would say we're seeing interesting things in materials over the last year new types of materials companies that are making you know stronger more durable metals or you know spider silks for stronger and more flexible fiber types we're seeing things in energy generation that are carbon-free energy generation or storage and we're seeing things in financial technologies to to help you know make those systems much more effective awesome hey thank you so much Scott I really hope that we see you again soon in New Zealand and to hear more about all of the amazing stuff you're doing at Farnersvand. Cheers!