Welcome to Psychic Medium Tony Green, the Psychic Medium channel and intuitive. Okay, here we go. So the first thing I want to let you know is I will be taking callers live. Yes, I will. You can call in and ask a question or connect with a loved one up above. The number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. And second, I go live twice a week. Two times a week. Two. That's two folks. Two times a week. Every Monday at noon and Wednesday at seven, both of those times are central. If you would like to join in, you can watch on YouTube. That is where I record my shows. And then they get dispersed to WSES and Rude Rangers TV who both put them on all of their stations, podcasts, radio stations, the whole nine yards. The whole nine yards. All of the nine yards they get put on. WSES is really rocking it lately. I went on to their online where they put their shows. And I was pleasantly surprised by the number of views I've been getting online on the WSES YouTube station. That's what it's called. It's crazy good. Freaking crazy good. Okay, please know I will never reach out to anybody. I will never comment. You need a reading on any social media thing. Please do not get scammed. If somebody reaches out to you and says, hey, this is Tony, you need a reading. First of all, no, I would never do that. Second, just call my business number<PHONE_NUMBER>. I don't reach out to people. If you want a private reading, I do private readings. I do group readings. I do galleries. I just don't reach out to you. And in order for you to book a session, you must reach out to me and you can go to my website, tonig.info or call me<PHONE_NUMBER>. And I'll be happy to book that session for you. And the next thing is, there was a next thing, and I just can't remember it. Okay, thank you everybody who's here on YouTube. I will be answering questions for people on YouTube. I will be answering calls of people calling. And I'm going to try to be super efficient tonight because there are so many callers tonight. Thank you. I love you guys so much. The call in number again is<PHONE_NUMBER>. And the first, we're going to do the names from those above or here. So the names that I'm hearing are Roberto. The next name that I'm hearing is Jennifer. The next name that I'm hearing is Lena. The next name I am hearing is Carlos. The next name I am hearing is, I think I had this name Monday because I was so proud of myself for being able to pronounce it, Guadalupe, which is not a great accomplishment, folks. The next name I am hearing is Jethro. I apologize. Do not be offended by the way I said that. The next name I am hearing is Martha. The next name I am hearing is Annette and then Charlotte. The next name I am hearing is Vivianne. It's like a V-I-V-I and then Ann. Vivianne. The next name I'm hearing is Luann. We're going to go with Luann. Robert and Richard. Jack. And then the next name that I'm and I'm only going to do two more names because they are coming at me, folks. They are just with their names tonight. Geez, Louise. The next name I am hearing is Hube. Brian. And then the next name I am hearing is Jerome. Jerome. Okay, now we're going to go into songs. Now those names that could have been your name, that could have been their name, but that's a confirmation that someone, it's just a confirmation. And the songs first of all, you guys, I heard my new all-time favorite song today. And I am going to tell you, it shocked me. So I was, I just, I was driving in my car. Turned up the radio. And this song came on.  And the song was Jaded by Miley Cyrus, but I really enjoyed it. So I came in and listened to it. And I really liked that song. And let me tell you, I am not a big Miley Cyrus fan. I have not been a big Miley Cyrus fan until today. Today she flipped me.  And I said, okay, agreed. 100% agreed. There were three songs I listened to obsessively. Like, like, you own me tattoo, these songs, you own me. The first one that I loved the most, it's my new favorite song, that when I was young, girls, boys. I'm just going to say, yeah, the second one was Jaded, of course. And then the third one is Angels Can't Go. It's something with Angels in the title. And I really loved it. So when I was young, number one, that Angel song, number two, and Jaded. And Jaded, I actually really liked. But that actually took third place. And all by the Miley, all by the Miley. Yeah, shocked me too. But I, when the show is over, give it a listen. Okay, now I'm going to go into the songs. And this song has been coming at me for a hot minute. And it's ding dong, ding, ding, ding, ding, ding dong. I don't even know the words to it. I couldn't tell you the words to it. I had to write, I had to write it down. Because every time I've been hearing it for like three weeks, and every time I do a show, forget to say it. Ding dong, ding, ding, ding dong, boom. Ding dong, ding, ding, ding, ding dong. I can't even, I don't even know who sings it. All I keep hearing though. Not the best thing to hear over and over again. The next song is that song again. These are my people. This is my land. So if you know that song, you know it. If you don't look it up, the next song is, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay. Here we go with the songs. Now before I get further into the songs, let me tell you, the song can be a song from, that a loved one used to love, a song that you used to, that you love, or songs you used to listen to together. You know they love this group. You love this group. You're gonna know if you hear it. So I'm hearing Laurence Welk, even while I'm talking, they're like, Laurence Welk, Laurence Welk, Laurence Welk, whoever that is. That is not my voice, child. That is not my voice. Just saying. I'm just saying. Okay, the next song is, we go together like Shem and I'm on a bing bing. Okay, those are not the words. That's all. That's all I could get out. That's it. I couldn't even. I couldn't even. I couldn't. Oh, and the next song is, let's groove tonight. I don't know any other words to that. Well, I don't know even those, they're just bringing in. It's all right. I'm so sorry.  That was disturbing. I apologize for all of that nonsense. Okay, next. The next song is a hillbilly rock. I can't even sing lyrics to it because they're just saying hillbilly rock. And if that's for you, if you know what that means, it's yours. Claim it. Snatch it. Snatch it by the bottom and put it in your pocket. That is yours, child. Hillbilly rock. The next thing, Billy Joel, piano man. The next thing I'm hearing is, man, I love this woman, Marilyn Monroe, speechless. Ah, brings a tear. Marilyn Monroe. Okay. The next thing I'm hearing is the next song. Okay, I'm ready for, they're telling me to take a breath. Breathe it in, child. Breathe it in. Man. The next song I'm hearing, they're just saying, they're not giving me a song. They're saying church gospels, and then I'm hearing hallelujah. Hallelujah. That one, and then there's a note. You say... What's it to you? Oh, I think that might be hallelujah. Okay. Somebody let me know. Is that it? Is that beat? Yeah, I think it is. I think it is. And then somebody is saying, save that song that says to save a wreck. I can't say the word. I can't pronounce the word, but wreck to save something like me. But again, it's a church song. It's a church. I did not go to church growing up. And mom, thank you. I love you for that. And this is the reason why. Don't come at me for that.  And I am a God girl. I am a Jesus girl. But it... All of my teachings came right through the funnel of dark groups. Right through the funnel of dark groups. All of my teachings came straight in from angels and God. To save a wreck like me, that's... Whatever that song is, that's that also. Okay. Now I'm going to go to the next part which is taking callers and answering questions in the YouTube chat. Okay. And here we go. There was another song. There was another song. Okay. So the next song they're singing, it's a new song. Now remember this song can also answer a question for you. And the next song is something I only talk to God when I need a favor. God, I need a favor. That's it. I only talk to God when I need a favor. I need a favor. Okay. That was really sad too. I'm a hoot in the car by myself, by the way, when I'm listening to music. And it's really loud and nobody can like, no, I don't have a good singing voice. It's awesome. And then there's a song that's... If the song comes back, no matter what I'm doing, I'm going to interrupt because it is such... It's a song that I heard all afternoon and then now it's, I'm not hearing yet. Okay. And it's there. It's like on the outskirts, but it's not right here. Okay. I am going to start with callers. Please callers have one exact question available about Love Life Career Finances or one loved one you'd like to connect with. Please give me their name and relationship to you. Let's not ish around and try to find the answers tonight. Just give it to me. Give it to me, baby. That funk, that hot, that juicy stuff. I don't know. And right before I take the first caller, I just need to say this. This is the best time in a long time. So if you're a business owner or you would like to be a business owner, this is the best time in a long time to start or bring your business back to America. The reason being is we are going to need American made and produced products even if you have to start small. I have so much, such a comment I want to make with all the people coming over the border. We're going to have plenty of employees. Spank me. Somebody needs to spank me and make me act right. Okay. And just saying what I'm saying and what I'm saying is if you want to start a business, a manufacturing company, a whatever it is, even if you start small, it will grow quickly. Over the next six months is your opportunity to start a business or bring your business back to America and get it up and running. This is the time. I am telling you now, you have maybe a year, but within the next six months is the strongest timeframe. Don't worry about how big it is. Even if you have to make one piece of furniture, one thing at a time, it will grow rapidly. Okay. I do feel like the funding will be there. If you want to go to outside funding, now is the time. And don't worry about, I know everybody says tech, tech, tech, tech, tech. Right now, I'm telling you what everybody's been ignoring for a very long time is where we need to go. And that's manufacturing. That's corporate manufacturing. And for lack of a better way to say it is to building things in America again, building things in America again, even if you can only build one component of something, like one component of a vehicle or whatever it is. Start it today. Two days that day. Okay. I'm going to start with 860. What's your name and where are you calling from? Hi, Tony. It's Amla. How are you? Hey, Amla. I'm good. Okay. So real quick, whenever I say hi, where are you calling from? I take a quick drink. You okay? I am. I take a quick drink of whatever I'm drinking and I always think I have more time and today it went down the wrong pipe. That'll teach me. Amla, what's going on? What's your question? Oh, thank you. Thank you. I'm just going to say his name is Jay and we're going out for coffee on Friday. Do you think it's mutual or is it just a friendship? I'm sorry. Inaction. Do I think it's what? Or a friendship? Sorry. So I'm going out for coffee with this guy that I'm interested in. Do you think you do my evolve into something else or no? It's just move on. There might be somebody else. So Amla, here's what I'm going to say and this is not only for you, it's for everybody. Whether it's going to be a friendship or more, there's things you can learn from this person or from your dating style and how you date. Dating is an interviewing process. It's not supposed to be, is this the person for the rest of my life? Does he want me? For women, oftentimes, especially women of a certain age, we go into dating and we think, does this person want me? The whole time we're like, am I impressing him? Is he going to ask me out again? Yada, yada, yada.  And on this date, I want you to understand that your purpose is to figure out if this guy is a good business partner for your business. So predating, there are things that in your head, you're going to understand that you are looking for in a business partner or a relationship partner. And then you don't tell the person that. You might ask open-ended questions and let them answer that the same way you would if you were giving an interview to a potential employee of a business. Now men know this. They've known this forever. They understand this process and they categorize us pretty much after that first date. We're either the fun bouncy house girl or we are the string of long bread crumbing girl or we are the girl. And men know this. They sit down, they talk to us and instantly they're like, this is the girl that is A, B, or C. And we don't understand that, but now we do. And now we're going to be the ones to say, listen, is this the guy that potentially has the ability to care for me to open heartedly love me to be this, that the other thing, and you don't get that by telling them, you get that by asking open-ended questions. So that is part of the process that you're going through, Amla, is to figure out where does this guy fit? How does he fit? And don't in the coffee, the bit of coffee you're going to have, don't, I just want blank, but it's coming back, don't worry about if he wants you. Who cares if he wants you? That's no longer what this game is about. That's no longer what this process is about. What it's about now is this who I want? Is this who I can see being a good long-term partner?  Like if I'm talking to a guy and they do x, y, or z, they are x, y, and z, because I don't care about being alone. I am so freaking good on my own. I've got my business, my business thrives when I'm good, when I'm on my own, my money thrives when I'm on my own. Everything in my life grows when I'm single. So if you're coming in, you better be the best fertilizer to help me grow more. And if you are not, I can't have that in my life anymore. We're not going there. We're not doing that. So I'm on a date trying to eliminate a guy. It takes a lot for a guy to get through a first date and get a second one. It takes a lot for a guy to get to that first date. But I have my, all of my, like, if the guy does a, like if, for example, I don't want to give any of my things. I'll just give this one away. If a guy's a smoker, I don't even want to go out on a date with them because I know I'm not going to tolerate that. I don't. I won't. I don't. And not that smoking is bad.  I just, I, I saw what it did to my mom and I don't want to go through that again with someone. I don't want to have that smell, that whatever. So if somebody's a smoker, thank you, no thank you. But I have a whole list of things that I, and somebody might say, but what if they're a millionaire? So what? There are other millionaires that don't smoke. Exactly. I don't care. I don't care. And if somebody needs, here's another one of my things. If somebody doesn't have self-control in the area of not drinking too much, taking pain meds or smoking, they won't have self-control with their wee wee. And I just, I'm not dealing with that. If you don't have self-control in every aspect of your life, keep it pushing. Keep a walk in. Cause I'm not dealing with somebody who cannot control any aspect of their life at this point in our game. That's it. Because you know why? Because we'd be good on our own. We'd be good all alone. So that's, that's the way you have to go into this. It's interesting because I really, I'm really, I'm, I'm ready in the sense because I weeded a lot of people out, including girlfriends. I won't, boundaries up. I've talked to you before. So it's just getting stronger and stronger. No, no, no, not acceptable. You know, so it's easy for me to do that. I am, I'm kind of, I'm not like giddy, but I am very pleasantly surprised. I said, you know, I have, I have to depend on rice, blah, blah, blah. I need to know what's your time frame. And he said, I have a couple of hours. And I honestly was surprised by that. I just thought he was going to be like, all right, an hour and I got to go. You know, so you like, we have a couple of hours. I think that's good. I don't want to make it too long, but he's, he's, he's offering that amount of time. That sounds positive to me. And just, just to start, you know, and I'm just, I'm very comfortable with talking in the sense of listening as well, like asking questions is what you're telling me as well. So I don't know. I mean, I met him last, last month, but here's, here's the thing. Amla, and I'm, I'm going to say this. Know what you're looking for. Some people want to date. Okay. Then be with somebody who also wants to date. If you're looking, are you looking for a long-term partner where you live separately? Are you looking for a husband? Now, if you're looking for a long-term partner where you live separately, there's nothing wrong with that. First of all, make sure the other person wants that. Second of all, make sure if that includes monogamy, make sure that includes whatever it includes. Now, if you're looking for a husband, make sure the person that you're talking to is husband material, but more important, make sure you're wife material.  Okay. Wife, the role of the wife, it doesn't even have to be the traditional role, but make sure you're ready for that and make sure they're ready for that husband place because people who just came out of a long-term situation may not be ready for another long-term situation or a live-in situation. Those are the things you find out. And you don't say, this is what I want. What do you want? Because they may just agree to agree in the moment, but saying like, instead of that, are you dating to meet people and friends? Are you dating for a long-term relationship? Are you wanting a live-in situation? How do you feel about marriage at this point? Those are all really good, respectful questions. You're not asking them if they're ready to marry you. You're just asking long-term, what are they looking for? Okay. I'm going to answer my first question on line, which I think comes from, I don't know, gosh, I have to go back a little bit. Nancy. Hi, Tony. What kind of service or work do you see me doing here in Oklahoma City? Thank you. Okay. Nancy, if I'm wrong, I apologize, but I immediately see something with animals and possibly even horses. Now, this doesn't mean you have to care for horses. It doesn't mean you have to care for animals like at the Humane Society. It could mean that you set up a humanitarian thing where you take children to ride horses. I don't know if that fits with what you're looking for or some kind of, I also hear animal therapy sort of thing. Whatever that means for you, I hope that that's helpful. Okay. I'm going to go to the next caller who is 111. 111, what's your name and where are you calling from? Okay, go ahead. This lady is really well-being, happiness to us callers because we need this and I need it. I'm happy to call them. I started singing myself. So thank you, Ms. Tony Green. I have a question for you, please. So I have a dear friend and I was able to identify the female, what the thing that she does, she does. It's more like, it's like a U.K. service to F.S. courts, excuse me, they do whatever to do, whatever, to hear, play, whatever. I don't never recommend anybody. I did not do that. I'm just going about what the TV, the media, all the documentary, what people do, interviews and investigations, but something because of her behavior that you were saying, beautiful Ms. Tony Green, that you were saying, you went up, that you were saying about what, like the last call. Okay, so sweetie, what's the question? What's your question? Sweetie, I need to know your question. It's okay. It's okay. It was just a lot of information and sometimes it's better for me just to answer a question with just a question. Yes, whatever you said, this person is checking it out. Okay, love. Thank you so much and I'm so grateful for your call and I know sometimes when people get on the call with me, I love that you call in and sometimes if you give me too much information, I'm going, as you're giving me information, I'm tapping into that part of the story instead of just the direct question. So it's always just better to just have that question ready and to just give me the question straight out and the angels will do the rest from there. So I'm sorry if that seemed a little bit rude or like I was whatever, but let's just get to it and get to it. I'm going to go next to Sal. You mentioned going to meet someone. Should I be doing something different or go somewhere unexpected? Yes, Sal. I instantly hear yes.  Sal, where is Sal going to meet his next potential partner? Relationship partner is in, I guess Sal, I can't even. I don't, it might be, I don't always recommend this, but it might be at a cafe or a dinner place, some place where I keep hearing Moscow. I know it's not Moscow the place, but I feel like maybe somebody's having a Moscow mule or originally they might be from there, but that's just what I'm hearing. But I do feel like it might be at like an outdoor or a little restaurant, not like a, it's just some place where people go and they sit and they, they may often sit alone and have like a bit of food and that's, Sal, that's where I feel like you're going to meet the next person. Okay, love. I'm going to go to the next caller who is 805805. What's your name? Where are you calling from? I'm good, Dana. How are you? Here's some rough times, both my brother and my sister have cancer, so that's kind of heartbreaking. I'm so sorry. I'm so sorry. I found out about a week ago. Dana, your phone is complete. Dana, your phone is completely breaking up. I think it's your phone. I hope it's not blocked. And if you could just pull the phone to your mouth, that would be great. So what's going on? There. So I'd like to go help them, you know, stay with them and do for them and whatever they want and maybe take them somewhere, you know, whatever, whatever I can do for them, you know? So I'm hoping for a windfall or something of luck or something. So I can be of more assistance to them, you know? Okay. So Dana, I'm going to do a quick, a quick financial clearing, but I'm going to tell you that Monday's show at the beginning of the show, I did a huge, a huge financial clearing, but we are receiving money. I get a no, we are getting financial windfalls. I get a no. Let's clear both of this. All the blocks in our mind and in our world have been cleared for this. I get a no. Let's heal and clear that. Dana, I'm going to tell you that one of the things that would be the most helpful thing if they're open to it. Some people are not open to this, but one of the most helpful things that you can do for either end or both of them is recommend a few things that the doctors might not recommend. So like Soursop tea is very, very powerful or Soursop supplements. If they're open to taking them, if not, there's nothing you can do. And I just want to say it's, it's shocking. I'm being, how many people all of a sudden have cancer that is metastasized and going through the entire body and how. Yeah, on the bone. He would go have an exam every year with a doctor and nothing. Yeah. And I'll bet. And I have to be very, very careful of what I say and how I say it. But do you know, in an interview, in a couple of interviews, and I'm going to say that these are out there and you can find these interviews. They were live in a TED talk that Bill Gates gave a TED talk and he literally said during his TED talk, if we do a good job with vaccines, we can take the population down by 15, a minimum of 15%. And then the another interview he did, he said, well, we won't know the side effects of these vaccines for two to three years. Where are we, folks? Where are we folks? And I need to say, not every jab was the same exact jab. The jabs had different juice in it. Let's be very clear about that. The jabs had different juice in it. So, and I know people don't believe me when I say that. That's fine. But look around. Look around. Oh, I believe you. Look around, folks. Look around. And for those who did this for work, for their family, for whatever reason, it is horrific. And our hearts go out to you because everybody who did this, did this, believing they were doing the right thing. And here we are. Yeah, they did it too. They did it too. Yeah. Yeah. And here we are. So, Donna, I'm so sorry for what you're going through. I do feel like you will get a little bit of resources to go and visit. But I don't believe you're gonna, I mean, you can keep manifesting, but I don't know that you'll have enough resource to stay, nor will you want to. I think if you ended up where they are, you would realize that you're not gonna be able to be the person you need to be for them, or it's gonna just happen some things. I don't want to say it's gonna just happen so quickly that, you know, whatever. But I am going to say there's a thing going on right now with, there's so much I want to say that I don't know. I'm just gonna say some people, it's been my experience that what I'm hearing about so many people with the cancer right now, they're trying to do the chemo and the radiation and it's causing it to get worse for all, for so many different reasons. So I would say if they are open to possibly doing, like I said, any natural remedy, apricot kernels, soursop, fembendazole, and a number of other things that were talked about, it would be very, it would be very effective and helpful. And I'm not a doctor. I'm not prescribing anything to anybody. I'm just saying based on what has happened and what I've seen and what I've heard, some people say that these things are very helpful. Okay, love? Oh good, okay. I hope that was helpful, love. I hope that was helpful. Yes, thank you, Connie. Appreciate it.  And we will all be saying prayers for your family, for your family. And I'm sorry that two family members are going through this at the exact same time. I am so, so sorry. Rebecca wants to know a Tony question. On Monday you mentioned the name Luke. Rebecca and Rita, is there a message from my grandmother Rita or my mother Raquel? Okay, let's just, yes, I hear yes. We love you. We want you to grow. We want you to be happy. We want you to let go of, okay, we want you to trade. I love this statement, your burdens for wings.  They want you to just like slide the backpack off and let your wings come out and fly. So we're going to do that right now. We let go of the past. I get a no, let's clear that. We let go of our burdens. I get a no, let's clear that. We are flying forward. I get a yes. Let's, let's strengthen that. Okay, I hope that helps, Rebecca.  Just, okay, they're showing me this. So I'm going to try to explain it the best way I can. You are shining and magnificent.   Okay, love. I love that. I love that. I am going to go to the next color. You guys, did I do four, one, five? I don't know if that's Donna or not. I think that's the person I just did, but maybe she hung up. Four, four, one, five. Is this Donna or is this somebody else? Hey, Kate, how can I help you? Wait, did I just talk to you? Okay, Kate. Okay, Kate, go ahead. How can I help you today? Okay, Kate. So the first thing I hear is you don't know what their situation is. So a lot, a lot of people right now, they're, they might not be in the situation or a place where they can do that for whatever reason. And you know, how, how do I say this? Again, just don't have expectations of people. Don't think that's something that's important to you at in this moment is important to other people. Remember, people aren't always in a place emotionally, financially, or mentally. They don't have the strength or the whatever to, to be in that space that you want them to be in. What I'm, one of the, the bigger messages is just let it go and move on. If somebody can't make the trip, okay, don't have, don't take it personally. But just move on, say, okay, maybe something not so pleasant would have come from this. I'm just going to take that in my wind column as, you know, it would have been a crappy visit anyway, okay? Just letting it happen. Yeah, absolutely. Let's do that now. I'm going to say we're, we're going to do, we are now, all that is stopping or blocking our soul tribe and our new friends from coming in has been cleared, healed and released. I get to know, let's clear that, heal it and release it. Man, that gives me a lot of pressure around my head, like gives me a headache. I can't imagine why my sarcasm is at an all time high today, folks, an all time freaking high. Oh my gosh. It's at high today. Lord, okay. Anything stopping or blocking us from being a good friend or having new really good friends and friendships, healthy friendships has cleared. Let's clear that. Okay. I am going to go to the next, the next, hey, Marys, how are you? Thank you, Marys, for being with me while you're on the road. Thank you, Heather. Mimi, so happy you're here with us. Love you, Mimi. Okay, I'm going to try to say this name, MZ, misinformed in motion. Got it. Got it. I want to start a business that both my husband can do together. My husband and I can do together because he is not working due to his disabilities. Do you see him prevailing in his disability case? He was denied benefits. Okay, that's like four questions. So I'm going to try to, I usually let people, whether they do it online or over the phone, have one question and I'm going to try to break this down. I'm going to first, I'm going to answer the disability. He needs to get an attorney and the attorney will help him win his disability benefits along with all the past pay, which is very important. The second question, start a business immediately, but don't put your husband's name on it. Make it your business because that will interfere with the benefits if that's the road you want to go. And that's where I'm going to have that be. Baby girl, I'm going to go to 203. 203. What's your name? Where are you calling from? Tony, this is Michelle. I'm calling from Georgia. Hey, Michelle. How can I help you today? Well, after hearing the other woman, I kind of want to ask about my health issues, but I'll save that for a private session. So I don't have any irons in the fire right now, really, but I was wondering, since I got laid off to where, you know, about the next job that might come up for me. It's coming up within a month, if you want it. Sometimes when people get laid off, they want to collect some benefits for a minute and take a breather, but I suggest you get right back out there and get on it. I also see there's a cash option. And to me, a cash option means working for doing something on the side for cash or starting your own business. That is an option. Now, let me say I'm not telling anybody in the world to break the law. However, however, if you go across the border and come back and say you're illegal, you'll get a $5,000 debit card and $2,200 a month and be able to go to any state you want to be in. So I'm not telling anybody to break the law. However, no, seriously, though, all of that was joking, PDA, I'm just saying, PSA. So what I want to say to you is if you want to start a business and you can collect benefits, this is the time to organize and do the soft start of your business. And if you want to do a cash business, something that you can do and make cash on, this would be the time to start that. Otherwise, within a month, I see employment, an employment opportunity for you. And I feel like that employment opportunity is going to be a really good, strong employment opportunity. And I don't know if this is for you or somebody else watching, but I'm getting that. If you know what, if you know how to bake one thing or make one thing, whether it's a material, like a material item, a food item, whatever it is, you don't have to be able to bake everything perfectly. If you know how to do one thing, start selling it to family and friends or friends of friends or whatever it is. There's a thing where I was in Colombia and one of my favorite things, memories about being in Colombia was this little guy walking down the street and the person I was with bought some food from this guy. I swear to God that was the best thing that ever hit my mouth were these empanadas. And I'd never had an empanada before, but his wife baked them and he just walked around with this like round, I think it was a round pan thing. I put that in my mouth and that's all I wanted. It's still all I want in my mouth is that it was so good. So do you know how to do one thing good? Do it and get it out there to people. People will want it and buy it and pay for it. You don't need to make everything to make that thing. You can have one thing and that's it. Okay, go ahead. Love what were you going to say? Another question I had was, I doubt if I'm going to make anything because I'm trying to avoid food and that wouldn't be a good idea to start baking, but the job I would assume is not where I have to relocate. Not if you don't want to. So here's what I'm going to say and I want to, I just want to say, if you don't want to relocate, you don't have to. Remember, we are creating our world as we go. So where we think and what we think is what we bring to us. There are so many remote opportunities available from if you go to YouTube, PayPal to any of these linked in to any of these online things. They all need employees and they're 90% remote. And that means no matter where you live, you can do that job. Credit card companies and banks are all hiring remote employees. They don't care where they live, they will train them. I do feel like the employment opportunity that's coming to you is coming to you within a month.  Somebody is not going to lock, knock on your door and say, Hey, I've got a job for you, unless maybe it's a pizza delivery company that says we need delivery drivers, you want to be one. And the answer is a strong no, that's a solid no. And when I say making something, it could again, it doesn't have to be food. And when I say cash job, again, bartenders are cash job people waitresses at some restaurants are still cash job people. So those there's a lot of different cash jobs and business opportunities where you can get paid cash that are beautiful and perfect. Okay, that would work amazingly for you. Okay. Okay, okay. Okay, I'm going to go to the next question. Nancy says, I love animals and never looked at working with this open my eyes. Nancy asked if her humanitarian thing and yes, you are welcome Nancy. I see some sort of an animal therapy can be like bringing elderly people or children to work with animals to help them, you know, have their animal therapy or doing therapy on animals 100. Kathy, thank you for being here. Kathy wants to know is much more likely the result of stuff we were exposed to as kids cancer takes? No, not no, Kathy, you're wrong. I'm going to say in this particular case, in some cases it does. In this case, no, no, absolutely not. Absolutely. It's like people who are having sudden adult sad, sudden adult death. And all these people who are having cartomyop, the heart thing, and people, athletes of 20 years old dropping on the field, athletes dropping on the field, please do some research before you make that statement. Kathy, I love you. And I hope that you understand what I'm saying here. In this particular case, that is not a fact. Maybe in the past that was a fact. That is not a fact now. There is something else when we have so much of it at once. No, no, I just, you can agree to disagree, but have you looked at the other side of research and I would beg you to look at all the research of it? And that's okay. You haven't. Don't tell me you have because then you wouldn't be disagreeing with me, but that's okay. You're welcome to your old pinion. Okay. And I am going to say I am here every Monday at noon central and every, every, I am here every Monday at noon and every Wednesday at 7pm central. And if you want to call in, you can call in the numbers<PHONE_NUMBER>. And if you want to join me live on YouTube, you are very, very welcome to do that. I am also going to let you know that these last comments have totally thrown me by Kathy. Heather wants to know any messages for Brian. Thank you, Heather. I needed that. Yes. Any message. It's all going to be every little thing is going to be all right. That's what I am hearing for Brian. Every little thing is going to be all right. I love you too, Kathy. Absolutely 100%. Love you too. Every little thing is going to be all right. Brian, every little thing is going to be all right. I feel like there may be one more procedure, but then after that it's going to be smooth sailing. And then I'm hearing the song for somebody. This is not in relation to Heather's question. It's a different thing. It's, um, and I'm free, free falling, free falling, and I'm free falling. I love that. Oh, God.  If I tried to, oh my goodness, what just happened to my little mouth? Oh, yeah. I'm misinformed just said, thank you, my dad. Love that song. Well, there you go. That is your confirmation. He's with you. See you guys. Oh my God. I love when that happens. I just love it because that to me, like that song coming through right at the end. And then her saying that that is like such a confirmation for her to know her dad is with her. And I just love this. Okay. And you can join me Monday at noon. Thank you again, everybody.


Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States. Mr. President, we're very honored and probably all a little bit anxious this morning to hear from you. The agenda for 1983 and beyond is now being drawn and our concerns are an important part of the decisions you must make. Those decisions are being going to be hard, but I know they're not going to be made in isolation. Over the past year we have had extraordinary opportunities for direct consultation with you. You have met with our board of directors and policy leaders. You have met with our officers and you've talked with many of us individually to find out our concerns and please join me in giving a municipal welcome to the President of the United States, Ronald Reagan. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. No please. Thank you very much. I learned once in a public speaking class that you never should open your remarks with an apology, but since I am the one that changed your schedule and I won't look at Mayor Bradley when I say this, but you know California is the home of unusual weather and that's why we had to change the schedule. But I thank you very much for that welcome and I thank you, Ferd, for your very warm and kind introduction. The first time that I addressed the National League of Cities as President was in March of 1981 and looking back I think the most prophetic point I made was the need for a clear and direct line of communication between us. The need to maintain a direct relationship between the federal government and America's cities. Talking about communication, communication is more than saying hello, how are you? I have a story. It's a true incident that involves a fellow Californian, Danny Villanueva, who used to place kick for the Rams and then later became a sports announcer and this was an incident in his life that he relayed to me and it does deal with communications. Now I've told it a great many times, this particular incident, but I haven't told it recently and I hope I haven't told it to you because I'm going to tell it again. And anyway, the story goes that Danny as a sports announcer was having dinner one night over at the home of a young ball player with the Dodgers. He and the ball player were talking sports and the young wife was bustling about getting the dinner ready and the baby started to cry. And she over her shoulder said to her husband, change the baby. And he being a young fellow and kind of inexperienced, along about that line as a father, he was embarrassed in front of Danny and he said, what do you mean, change the baby? He says, that's not my line of work, I'm a ball player. She turned around, put her hands on her hips and she communicated. She said, look Buster, you lay the diaper out like a diamond, you put second base on home plate, put the baby's bottom on the pitcher's mound, hook up first and third, slide home underneath and if it starts to rain, the game ain't called, you start all over again. Since those first days in office and my first speech to you, I've gotten to know you better and I've come to understand your problems more clearly. Hundreds of you have met with me individually as Ferd said or in groups at the White House. We've held many working sessions about the challenges we face and together we've made significant improvements in this administration's original federalism proposal. As I said last September when I met with local officials, governors and state legislators in the cabinet room, we will proceed shortly after the first of the year with our amended federalism package. It will encompass three important principles. First, we will return responsibilities and commensurate revenue resources to the levels of government closest to the people. Second, there will be mandatory pass-through provisions to protect local units of government. And third, this initiative will not be a vehicle for budget savings on either side. Throughout the last 22 months, individually and together, you've had a tremendous impact on the way this administration views the needs of American cities. Ferd Harrison and Bill Hudnut have worked closely with me on our federalism initiative and provided me with a wide range of advice and counsel. Perhaps of greatest importance to you collectively that you have, not me collectively, you collectively have driven home the absolute need for some programs and some funds to pass directly from Washington to your city without taking a detour by your state capital. Now this kind of give and take, this kind of cooperation, this kind of cooperation and communication will be essential if we're to take the first and the next steps toward national renewal. As Calvin Coolidge once said, our country was conceived in the theory of local self-government. It has been dedicated by long practice to that wise and benevolent policy. It is the foundation of our system of liberty. Well today, that principle faces tremendous challenge. You represent the urban heart of our great country, our teaming centers of culture, innovation and progress. But you and your cities are also saddled with concentrations of our nation's most troubling problems. High unemployment, decaying neighborhoods, grim crime rates, idle industries, eroding tax bases and roads and bridges that threaten to crumble beneath us. I've come before you with no magic wand. I'm fighting in Washington to reduce, not increase, the big spending that keeps our federal budget badly out of balance. Although Americans are laboring under the highest peacetime tax burden in history, their money is spent before it even comes in. In a very real sense, our coffers are empty. But I have come to promote an agenda for growth and to offer you a challenge. There was a time in our history when our cities were gleaming testaments to the notion that nothing is beyond America's power to accomplish. Our cities were once centers of hope and opportunity and can be again. I've come to words that America's cities take up that challenge and link arms in a united effort to lead America into a new period of growth and prosperity. Some elitists in Washington have implied that local officials aren't up to the job thinking that you lack their worldly sophistication. They doubt your competence and assume that you need a Capitol Hill perspective to feel an appropriate degree of compassion. Well, sometimes I wish they'd exchanged that lofty vista once in a while for your ground floor close-up view of how the world really is. Forcing Americans to accept the dictates of government in Washington instead of dealing with their elected representatives in their city hall has got to be one of the more serious mistakes of the century. City Hall, county seats, and state legislatures are very laboratories of democracy. By removing the possibility of resolving our problems where they occur, too many have turned their backs on the genius of our system, too many have stopped believing in our ability to govern and provide for ourselves. Well, I believe that you're the hope of our nation. I put my faith in the American people and the quality of the leaders. They elect to local office. You in turn must call on all your imagination and creativity to find new local answers for today's urban problems. The federal government will not turn its back on you, but it's no coincidence that our present troubles are proportionate to the intervention and intrusion in our lives by Big Brother in Washington. We'll not cure what ails us by drinking more of what caused our sickness in the first place. Yes, there are some services that you cannot provide without some direct assistance from Washington, and you'll get that assistance. But it's time to sort out who does what best. Have federal grants or loans accompanied by federal dictates as to your priorities been a solution or a part of the problem? Have we all become addicted to temporary bailouts, failing to realize that the only answer must be a restoration of our economy from sea to shining sea?  For a time, the answer could be found in help from the federal government, which had usurped much of the taxing source. But as Washington responded by taxing more and borrowing even more to maintain its Big Brother role, it became a drag on the economy. Investment and production suffered, and more and more of the people living in your cities found themselves unemployed. It's time to give up the temporary band-aids and placebos and get on with the business of a real cure. I've proposed a growth agenda for the 80s to put us on solid footing once again, to bring back incentive in America, to make saving seem like good sense again, and to make investment more worth the risk. We proposed, and the Congress passed, the largest tax rate cut in history. Although that 25 percent across the board tax rate cut won't quite match the largest tax hike in history that was passed during the previous administration. I believe it is already providing, however, the stimulus needed to get our economy moving again. This next installment, the so-called third year, will benefit working men and women more than anyone else and will have the most dramatic impact on our economy. In later years, taxes will be indexed. Then, government will not profit by inflation, pushing Americans into higher and higher tax brackets every time they receive a cost of living raise. Now this tax talk is no pipe dream. Think back. When was the last time this country enjoyed real growth? When was the last period of boom when unemployment dropped low, personal savings piled high, real wages grew, investments steadily increased, our industries were pumping at nearly full speed, and our gross national product was climbing. The last great period of American economic growth, low inflation rates was in the 1960s. Following enactment of the tax rate cut proposed by President John F. Kennedy. President Kennedy knew, as we know today, all the government boondoggles in the world won't fix what's ailing us. The only way to cure our problems is to get the economy moving again. And one of the best ways to stimulate the economy is to give the American worker a break and cut his or her taxes. To further loosen the federal chokehold on the American economy, we in this administration have been simultaneously scaling back programs, slowing government growth, and sorting out responsibility between levels of government. As a result, inflation, once public enemy number one, has dropped from double digits to 4.9% so far this year. The prime rate, once as high as 21.5%, is down to 11.5%. The personal savings rate is increasing, the housing industry has begun to recover, and the stock market has been sending a strong signal of confidence for some time. The worst remaining problems are the tragedy of unemployment and the monstrous proportions of our deficit. We have, as I've said, sizeably reduced the annual increase in spending, but there's no way we can eliminate by budget cuts alone the structural deficit built into the budget. Nor can it be eliminated by raising taxes. In the five years leading up to 1981, taxes almost doubled, and so did the deficits. The answer lies in stimulating the economy and increasing productivity. Even the trillion-dollar debt will become more manageable if it becomes a smaller percentage of the gross national product, which is the true measure of our wealth. Therefore, our every action should be aimed at helping the economy. We must not be lured into taking emergency actions aimed at temporary relief. Once we get our economy growing again, it will generate more jobs. When more people begin to find work, fewer will be forced to depend on government social programs. Americans will be earning more and the government will take in more revenue without raising the tax rates. By contrast, raising personal income taxes stifles the economy, throwing more people out of work. Fewer tax dollars would come in from higher tax rates as more people would depend on Uncle Sam. We'd spend more money we didn't have, probably raise taxes still more, and end up making the deficit worse and worse. That's why I believe our economic recovery program, based on solid, time-tested economic principles, will work. But we'll not rely on the pillars of that program alone. We must take advantage of every resource available to us. For example, as people like Mayor Vojnovic keep me painfully aware, enormous numbers of citizens are ready and able to work and yet don't have jobs. We'll need the strength of every back and the power of every mind to lift us to recovery. And I won't rest until every American who wants a job can find one. But if we're to grow into the decades ahead, we must have the skills to work in them. But it's been estimated that at least 20 million American workers now rely on skills that won't be needed 20 years from now. The government has trained thousands more in skills that already aren't needed in their communities. Still others have been steered into make-work government programs with no future. Especially for our young people. And that's why I recently signed the Job Training Partnership Act to put more Americans to work where they live. That program will train more than one million of our citizens every year in skills that local business, civic, municipal, and labor leaders determine are needed in their own communities. And I'm asking the American business community to give us the support and leadership that we need so that our programs succeed. And we're blessed with an agricultural abundance unmatched in the history of the world. To better use this resource we're seeking out new markets lifting old barriers and restoring our reputation as a reliable exporter. Today, our agricultural system provides the foundation for about 24 million American jobs. Almost one-fifth of our nation's workforce. We can do even better. Earlier this fall I signed the Export Trading Company Act to help small and medium-sized exporting businesses. Experts say that this legislation will mean several hundred thousand American jobs. We've also reduced the tax burden on businesses promoting our products abroad and are pressuring our trading partners to lift unfair export subsidies. Our export policies are key to our growth agenda and to the revitalization of America. At home, we're trying to nurture the seeds of renewal in the decaying cores of some of our older cities. When I visited Mayor Schaefer in Baltimore I was shown a vision of a future that we can choose for our cities and is a future that works. There's a renaissance in Baltimore brought about by a shared commitment between government and industry a partnership for progress between the public and the private sector. There's a degree of excitement, growth and diversity. I know that Baltimore has received aid from a number of federal programs and has made particularly good use of urban development action grants but it has also been a center of innovation and incentive. For example, there is a blue chip-in program in Baltimore where private companies are investing in programs that create jobs, train the unemployed, and provide some emergency services to the city. Baltimore is proof that our potential is unlimited if the public and private sectors will work together. And Baltimore is not alone. Phoenix is also promoting public and private sector cooperation with great results. In that city, for example, local building and zoning regulations have been eased to encourage private development of lower-cost housing. More and more cities are making creative use of their resources and their problems. I've proposed an enterprise zone initiative to bring some of this innovative growth and excitement to even more cities around the country. The plan would create a free-market environment in depressed areas through tax relief, lifting regulations, and reducing other government burdens. By creating opportunity in our urban centers, businesses will begin returning. Jobs will spring up and the healing process of the nation will begin. I don't need to explain to you what that would eventually mean in terms of your tax base. The idea already has popular support. 14 states have passed their own enterprise zone legislation without waiting for the Congress to act. Hundreds of cities are mapping out enterprise zone sites, as you well know. And in a recent survey of Fortune 500 chief executive officers, 67% said they would seriously consider investing in the zones after seeing the final version of the legislation. Keep in mind that most of those who responded said they wouldn't even have considered bringing their businesses into those cities before the enterprise zone incentives were offered. Small and minority-owned businesses would find even more opportunity. In these difficult economic times, when overall unemployment is high and youth already unemployment in some places has reached depression proportions, you'd think the Congress would jump at the chance to bring about this kind of growth, opportunity and jobs. Well, I call on them today as they prepare to take up the rest of their unfinished chores to complete action on the enterprise zone initiative and let our cities get on with the business of recovery. The Senate has acted on it, the House has not, and it's been before the House for virtually a year. If we're to move new and more goods in and to cope with a burgeoning population to understand the urgency of this problem, the state of our transportation system affects our commerce, it affects our economy and it affects our future. For many cities such repairs are becoming critical to growth and renewal. But no matter where we live in America we're all dependent on our world famous transportation network for the food we eat, the goods we buy and the mobility we prize. Once a wonder of the modern world that network is decaying and we must restore it. I'll ask the Congress to authorize a much needed overhaul of our transportation system. We built our highways with user fees or with money paid by those of us who benefited from the system. It was a fair concept then and it is today. And that's why we're proposing to pay for today's repairs by increasing the highway user fee or gasoline tax by the equivalent of 5 cents per gallon. That fee hasn't been raised in 23 years and it no longer meets our needs. The nickel per gallon that we propose will mean an extra 30 dollars a year for most car owners. But if we don't fix the roads they might have to pay more than that to keep their wheels aligned. This program will be massive in scope but it will not add to the deficit or increase your income tax. It will allow us to complete the interstate system make almost all the interstate repairs strengthen all our dangerously weak bridges, improve thousands of others, enhance all of our safety and address the critical public of transit needs of our cities. The program that we're proposing will stimulate 170,000 jobs in the hard hit construction industry and an additional 150,000 jobs in related industries. But while this is significant, the jobs are significant the proposal's most important contribution is that it is needed for our cities and our country to grow again. It's an investment in tomorrow that we must make today and I urge the Congress to pass it in this session and I hope that you'll tell them also they should do that. In the 1980 campaign I pledged support for general revenue sharing. I I proposed full funding of general revenue sharing in fiscal years 82 and 83 and while I haven't made any final budget decisions for fiscal year 84 I can promise you I will look at revenue sharing in the same light. Robert Louis Stevenson once said you can't run away from a weakness you must sometime fight it out or perish and if that is so why not now and where you stand? The weakness in this country for too many years has been our insistence on leaving or carving an ever increasing number of slices from a shrinking economic pie. Our policies have concentrated on rationing scarcity rather than creating plenty as a result our economy is stagnated. But those days are ending where we stand struggle for tomorrow and earn anew the reputation this country once had is the land of golden opportunity. That is the reasoning of the challenge behind the agenda for growth that I've outlined today. One of the first challenges ever given any American came from John Winthrop standing on the deck of the tiny ship Arabella as it lay off the Massachusetts coast in 1630. As he looked at the band of settlers he said we shall be a city upon a hill the eyes of all people are upon us.  You have it within you to make it happen. To lead our people in our cities to the renewal we all seek I am committed to continuing the relationship between the federal government and our nation's cities. I will work with you and the federal government will lend you support but join together to take up the challenge and there will be nothing to stand in your way. If you do we will come alive again we'll grow again and America will be great again. Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen please stand at your seat.


So I've rewritten the three curves I had in the previous concept and now we're going to think about what happens when the protein actually folds because it's not quite as easy that any hetero-polymer withdrawing water is going to fold this way. If we think about these entropy and energy plots that we looked at in phase transitions they're going to be very instructive here. So in general for any chain if it's just that fulfills these conditions you're going to get a curve where the entropy changes as a function of energy. Remember those plots that they could tell us about the state distribution and they're going to go down to some sort of roughly fixed value. And this is going to correspond to some sort of energy density here that I have many many many many many many states here it's essentially a continuum and at some point I'm start having a fewer and fewer and fewer states. But here remember that these derivatives was one over a temperature I'm going to call that the critical temperature. What's happens here is that for any chain at some point when this becomes steeper and steeper and steeper that corresponds to a lower temperature when we reach this temperature we're kind of stuck here and you're going to be stuck at the lowest energy level there which is fine but that is not folding that is just that we're the viscosity is becoming so high so at some point I can't move anymore and then we stop moving. That is not true for all sequences because some sequences of amino acids will instead look roughly this way that we will have s as a function of e where it will go down but it will essentially continue down a bit. You probably don't see that part there but what I mean there is that the energy levels here there are still many many many of them and continues but then there are a few very low lying ones. What does that correspond to? Well imagine that my fingers on one hand here is thicker than the other I will be able to get close but I won't really be able to pack them well right? So what I mean by these low lying levels number one two and the best one here might be that might not be number one that number two and the best one might be this so this is kind of unique right? I can't be almost there either I'm here or I have to jump all the way up to the next level so here there is also some sort of one over Tc here which is the temperature when I gradually go down but there is also something you can think of some sort of melting temperature that you can jump all the way to the lowest energy and it's going to turn out that this is what really defines the protein. Forget about the temperatures there if you're not interested in the physics part that there should be one or in some cases two low lying states that are significantly lower than the other ones that creates a uniqueness. Remember when we're making a jump we're moving across a free energy barrier that creates a well defined state and this is really what creates the phase transition. So the phase transition here is from the molten globule to the native state or from the native states to the molten globule. We have a clear change there and we can't really be we can't be stable on the barrier itself and it turns out that this means that we can reason about some things you talked about before like the prions. So what is the the probability of having one state here? We can compare that. If we compare this to this characteristic temperatures these characteristic temperatures might be in the ballpark of 350 Kelvin or so but maybe we should order magnitude estimates are interesting right? Let's just say that the delta here the difference in this energy level is roughly 20 times higher than the kt values or the kt see here the smooth parts. So that would mean that the probability of a protein being able to jump across that barrier again this is not strictly Boltzmann because I'm talking about different sequences here but if this is e to the minus 20 we're talking about something in the ballpark of 10 to the minus 8 so it's again it's going to be 1 in 10 or 100 million sequences that will have these properties where they will form nice stable proteins and just as we hinted when we talked about prions prions are essentially proteins where we just happen to have two of these that are really good and to first approximation the likelihood of that happening is going to be the square so say 10 to the minus 15 or so it's going to be very rare but it will happen now again in nature. So the take-home message here is that proteins are unique they are far more unique than you think they're polymers and they're hetero polymers and the magic happens because of the beautiful side chain packing.


I am Nagesh Kamali. I am from the Apology Group. So, I have, so there is a mention of sunburns, people will be working on sunburn. So, I decided to give the same presentation which I gave long back, it would be useful. And I have another presentation for my projects which is a different. So, I am not doing anything with sunburn, but it is essential that you know how the systems are built nowadays. So, likewise you may have to learn many, many systems which are already there, you know you cannot build the systems the way you have been building all the time. So, you have to know why such systems are useful nowadays, how it can be scalable. So, I tried to do a little bit of this slides are not there last time, last time I said one month back. So, I tried to gather some information on open edX and if you are, I mean you might have seen what is open edX, how it is, you must have felt it when you are accessing the course or doing something with it.  So, if you see open edX, the philosophy, you have a traditional course structure like you know you have courses in the university and now they have refined those courses and they want to give it out to the whole world saying that these are the best courses. So, that has come from thousands of universities across the world, even IIT Bombay is participating. So, we generally call it as X MOOCs, X is extension, extension of the existing courses which are well refined, you know they are of very good quality ok. The third point is you will see that groups are closed. So, if the course happens say 2 years back you will not be able to go through that course again unless you have already registered or something like that. So, the group, the people who are actually communicating in the forum, so they last only for the duration of the course ok. So, if you are on Facebook, your Facebook is active and it will be active for another 10 years or 100 years right. So, that means your group is still there, but in open edX the group is limited to that course and that is true because in a classroom you do not interact with anybody outside the classroom, you interact with people around you and that is how that is the philosophy right. So, Sunbird is having I mean what we call as C MOOCs which is the connectivist approach. If you see YouTube people generate content and you must have come across very good content on YouTube right. So, that means the task is given to the public to generate content and then they say if I am an expert I can aggregate all of this content maybe I can create a course around this content ok. So, that is the philosophy slightly different you see. So, I do not generate all my content, but I aggregate from what is already existing and make it available as in the form of a course or in the form of a module or anything like that right. So, courses can also be generated in this fashion ok. So, there was an not an experiment there was a site called connexionscnx.org you may write itcnx.org and where what they did is that there were people who actually wrote I mean I mean you must have had a faculty in your class where where he himself has written a book and people are referring that book right. So, that becomes a general text textbook kind of thing, but you know this connexions actually started in rice universities and Sydney boroughs actually he had written almost 10 books on signal processing and he said that nobody understands my textbooks. So, the site actually made students to write book you know write a book for a particular course and so students themselves have written those books and that is how they understand how how they you know you do not understand somebody else's written material. So, there is a facility wherein you can actually create your own content collaborate across maybe n number of students and give something back to the community right. So, that is the philosophy. So, it is like more of like a connectivist approach. So, collaborative development of book and it of course builds communities you can have large number of communities then. So, if you see the architecture. So, this talk is based on the architecture differences. I mean I am trying to focus more on sunbird architecture because that is the one which came recent and I did some little bit of study between open edX and sunbird and I figured out in. So, I put some points here looks like it is modular open edX how the way it started. So, they were trying to build you know components by components and so what has happened is the code has become little bit monolithic you know. So, they had they write in the beginning they did not have the philosophy of putting it out in the form of services. So, though later on they evolved into pulling out the code you know in the form of micro services, but it is little bit more monolithic. So, there is a high inter data dependencies between different modules in the system.  So, it is also built around technical concerns rather than business. So, some of the points I have taken from open edX conferences where they themselves have stated these are the valid points which they have stated. They built around what you said more of technical where in you talk about certain technicalities like so like you know data analytic pipeline you know data analytics pipeline or something. So, I cannot generalize it at all. So, I have to still say that it is a data analytics pipeline it will become more technical. So, instead of that you say I could it be a pipeline for some activity. So, then it becomes a business the focus is on business, but if you focus the focus is more on the technicalities of it then it is a more of a technical concern. It is extensible it is pluggable framework LTI is learning tools interoperability if you are not come across what is LTI maybe you can search there are whole lots of things. I in fact, Shukla Nag stated out lot of things of open edX and these those are the things which are there and SSOs asynchronous. So, the refactoring of code is required if you are going to work with open edX. So, if you are going to actually change some code in open edX probably it may take longer time to do. So, if I compare this with Sunbird Sunbird is just just evolved actually just evolved and so, what they have done is little bit more slightly different than the way the the systems are built. Like for example, the most important thing is for concurrent computations. So, where you do not actually lock lock the data source at all. So, you just allow things to run concurrently. So, that is where you get little bit of performance and so, you have a so, the current architecture of systems that we have today a multi core architectures. So, you need to take advantage of all of this course and make you know the computations I mean available for the resources required in your system. So, Sun it is also built around microservices microservices if you do not know just go and Google.  So, you can write your service in any language ok. So, does not matter whether it is Python, Java or anything you just write it in any language and with rest API's everything is going to work ok. So, so message passing at the code level you have have you done functional programming I think anybody here you are done which language scheme Haskell anybody Haskell yeah. So, so these are the things that it carries you know these are the frameworks which are available today there are many available by the way. So, if you are building some front end using this type of frameworks then there is a there is a framework called ELM. There are other languages available closure Facebook I think WhatsApp uses closure or or some other which is they do not use Java they do not use Python ok. So, that is why you find it is highly scalable. So, they do not care for you know any what do you say if a service shuts down they do not care to see to actually write a code which is going to do some exceptional handling and all those things. So, that time is saved. So, if service crashes it crashes and then it restarts again everything starts. So, these are the things which are you know which you will find in this type of technologies which you have not come across before previously you are used to writing exceptional handling a lot you know in Java and C++ and things like that. So, and you might have never done what is called as message passing. So, I have a code written I have a code written I have function here I have a function here. So, I pass using messages nothing else I do not do a function call. So, these are slightly different in the way the way you have come to writing systems earlier. So, another language which is well received in the industry and if you want to maybe tomorrow if you go to industry that is Scala. So, Scala is very promising because you have heard of Scala yeah. So, Scala runs on JBM and JBM actually runs everywhere and you can write Scala in as a procedural you can write Scala in as an object you can write Scala as a functional. So, lot of flexibility you have in your building systems using Scala also. So, let us explore some of the components. So, if you see so they have something called as Cassandra. Cassandra is nothing but it is a peer to peer architecture of you know key value store kind of a system. So, earlier we used to put everything in databases you understand. So, you said that everything should go in databases and everything you planned well before to say that it is going to be structured. But you cannot structure in you know so well that you know the system will be still useful for another 20 years and 30 years the structures are changing everything is changing. So, what do you do you just put very little information in a structured form like and then you know what is big data now big data right. So, you do not put anything in the structure but you device or you put some new schemas required you know as and when you need. But the core thing goes in MySQL databases or Postgres or some other databases. So, if you see Cassandra itself has come from you know combination of two architectures one is Dynamo and Google Bigtable. So, they appear to peer Dynamo is peer to peer key value store peer to peer means there is no master there is no master and slave architecture. So, anybody becomes a master. So, there is an algorithm for doing that there are I do not remember the there are algorithms which if you are interested you can learn those algorithm very recent ones which came was raft algorithm for election you know you want to know who is going to be the master. So, there is an algorithm which can if you have 10 different nodes and then you want to know which one is going to be a master. So, it can send out some packets to different all the nodes will send out packets and then one of them will get elected you know and then and then when. So, now you have 10 nodes there you do not have one node and two nodes you understand if you put MySQL I just have one node right. So, that is a there is a kind of a bottleneck. So, in such systems you have high data application ok data is well replicated maybe a factor of 3, 4 or something like that depends on your needs sharding happens across the nodes in Dynamo itself you have eventual consistency eventual consistency means you do not you know what is consistent right. So, if your system is consistent when any transaction is performed ok. So, your data has to be has to go in the system. So, it has to be consistent after you access for the second time you should get the updated value that is it is called very consistent systems. In fact, you see Google's big table is actually very consistent it is very consistent. So, Dynamo actually falls under what you say AP that is availability and partitioning. So, under AP availability and partitioning if you are using Google it is consistent because you will get the right results I mean and it is highly partitioned ok, but it is not available sometimes. Have you noticed that? Have you noticed Google sometimes not available? I have noticed it ok, but if you are using Dynamo as a product I am telling you why because you cannot have all three in the distributed systems impossible. So, you have to have only you can have only two of them. So, either C A or P consistency availability and partitioning ok. So, this Google's is a master slave see I will not go through each one of this you can read the papers listed maybe it will be beneficial for you if you want to do research or something like that in data storage architectures and things like that. So, they have what is called a gossip protocol. So, one one protocol which I told you was rough protocol. So, there are many many protocols available ok. So, and they use what is called as sorted string tables. So, SS tables they call ok. So, let me go through what you say it is something like this if you see the read and the write path is totally different they do not have the same path. If you see here Cassandra is actually writing the data to memory table ok and then it is flushed later on that is why it is called eventual consistency. So, it is not immediately flushed to the SS tables ok and then when they when you write you also maintain a commit log ok. So, if your system fails you can recover everything from the commit logs ok.  So, for which your system has to provide non failure of you know certain portions of the hardware is right. So, you have a write path which is like this and then you have a read path when you read you actually read from SS tables. You also read from this because it is in memory in memory everything is in memory. I mean you have things in memory you read out from tables because of eventual consistency and then you map it you combine these two things and then merge it here and then you get the final results. So, which is totally different than if you explore any database architecture it would not be like this ok. So, traditional rdms web tier architecture if you see lot of servers here lot of middleware servers you know middleware right I mean you are aware of these terms probably and then you see there is a bottleneck because I just have rdms there. So, people actually started building what are called as parallel databases if you heard. So, previously when people were building a distributed databases based on actual rdms and then started moving towards parallel systems and then they did not do much work in that area. So, there are still cluster components available like G cluster in MySQL you will find that those clustered rather than single database you have a cluster architecture available for you. But if you see this it is very different than what you can get out of it. So, here you have nodes and nodes one of them is a master. So, they know whom to communicate with the web servers here and I can increase these nodes I can go to 2000 10000 nodes or whatever and all these nodes are on as a VMs or a docker kind of thing. So, you can very well scale it to any level. So, there I cannot scale at all impossible. So, they also have what is called elastic search. So, if you see all the architecture this type of systems that have been built over the years they are all peer to peer and not master sleeve architecture. So, that has this has actually told us that any system that we build should be like a peer to peer architecture. If you are building a particular system and saying that these are my core business activities of my software I cannot just write code. Just write code and you think it is going to be scalable and things like that nothing is going to happen. You have to follow some methodology wherein you will be you should be able to say that the same system can go on multiple nodes. So, that is the approach when people are whatever components that you see are scalable are the ones which are peer to peer and not master sleeve or just a single component. So, you have to design the whole architecture in such a way that there is always a path for you available right and even if one subsystem is very heavily used then I need another subsystem immediately spawned from the resources available and then you should be able to use that from a computational point of view. So, that the availability and availability is always there when we want any system to be up and running it has to be available right. So, here you have so, these are all little bit technicalities JSON objects and maybe you have heard about it. So, here also they are auto sharding elastic search fault tolerance replicas I mean data is replicated. So, you have a library to handle indexing searching and they use an inverted index mechanism. You know what is the inverted index? You know what is inverted index? Does anybody know what is inverted index? You don't know what is inverted index? We have studied this right from KG. You go to the back of your book index it's inverted index. You can look for technicalities maybe on some if you don't know but I'm giving you real-life examples. Lockstash, Kibana, Kafka, they are all of these things. I don't think I should cover so much maybe you can read and can figure out what are this this is a data pipeline. Here you have Kibana is for visualization. Kafka is for you know message passing systems. So, this is exactly what is there in the stack. If you want to actually configure your stack it will be something like this. So, I can have n number of Kafka workers here. I can have n number of lockstash. I can have n number of shippers. This could be your dockers and you know this could be anything. This could be VMs, dockers, lockstash here. I have elastic search here. Okay, searching mechanism. Web server here which allows me to do some visualization. Today you don't need to build a visualization tool all available for you. You should only know how to connect properly so that you get this is a puzzle you have to solve the puzzle using the best technology. Okay, so they have three cloak open ID talked about Oath and things like that. So, these are the things that they are using a single sign on and for as Oath and other ways of authentication mechanism required in the system. Whichever method mechanism you want is available today. You don't have to build everything. They are all there. So, core services of Sunbird, the learner services, content services and the name itself tells you what are they. Actor service, the one which I told you and then player service which is more of like they use something called as play framework. So, if you have not heard about what is the play framework, you can read on it. Okay, and then a click hook service. There are many services. In fact, she listed out. These are one of the major services which I am listing.  So, anything that you write. So, hot reloading. I can reload some portions of the code somewhere. I don't need to restart anything. These are the things which are very important. Now it is when you are building things. So, there is a Scala support also. So, middleware. So, you have all these components, elementary, organization, dashboard. She covered all of those framework. And then you have, if you are not, if you don't know about this library, please go and see what does, how does it help you. There are lots of, you can do 3 billion transactions per second. Okay, so using commodity hardware. Figure it out. There are so many things to learn. But you have to choose. It is a puzzle. What is the best available today? This was not available before, 10 years back. So, I will skip this. These are all libraries available in the car modules. Then this is nothing but dynamic UI framework. This is totally written using JavaScript. This is a framework available for mobile-based applications. This is an architecture that you have. These are APIs that we were talking about, learner service, content and all the services available there. You have a middleware here. This is also scalable. Remember that we know that this is scalable. This is not scalable. So, what do we store in this? We will store very required information. We are not going to store all the information in that. So, which can be order of much lesser, less 10 times lesser than what you will find in Cassandra. And you have all these visualizations happening here with elastic search, log stash. All the logs are actually been recorded at Cassandra's and then they are visualized using this tool. So, each of these tools you would have lot of things to learn. So, if you are planning to study them and then use them, you just don't plan just to study. You have to use it. If you use it, then you will understand much better. Okay. So, this is the architecture of these are the tools available that you see Docker, Swam, Ansible. Ansible is another Jenkins. So, you know, in today's world, today's world is it required that you become a developer as well also know how to write Ansible scripts, also know how to use GitHub, also know how to use other things for monitoring and all those things. So, that means this is a kind of a DevOps approach where you just don't do write code. You do much more than required. You should know how to even configure systems. Okay. So, this is all what is required. So, you know, this one is more architecture of the deployment environment which they have. You know, there is a CI server here. CI is nothing but continuous integration.  So, any code that you write goes to Git. Okay. Can you tell me why it should go to Git and not sit on your computer? Yeah, you don't lose it. That is one because you want to do some versioning. So, if you want to, but there is something more to it. If I commit, I can test it immediately. I can test it immediately. I don't need to test after two months when you are all gone. Right? So, you can test it immediately. So, that's why it has to be logged somewhere. And then series of activities should automatically start. They are all automated tests which are there.  Okay. So, I will not go through this. Okay. So, this is not for you. And these are all references. I will say this, I think these slides will be somewhere up, I believe.