Good afternoon and welcome to CSIS. My name is Carl Meacham and I'm the director of the America's program here. It's an honor to have the ambassador with us today. I'm going to be very brief because I think most of you are going to want to hear what the ambassador has to say today. And just I'm just going to set the context a little bit for today's event. As many of you know the 25th anniversary of the U.S. involvement in Panama that removed dictator Manuel Noriega from power is coming up just in two weeks. This is a major marker in the bilateral relationship. Today the United States and Panama enjoy a strong and close relationship. Economically the two are linked through the Central American Free Trade Agreement not to mention their deep commercial interdependence related to the Panama Canal. And within multilateral fora the bilateral relationship is still more interesting. Earlier this year as political unrest in Venezuela reached a fever pitch the U.S. and Panama stood together at the OAS to support the Venezuelan opposition. Panama's delegation even seated its time at the OAS to Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado bolstering the legitimacy of the opposition's cause. And most recently Panama's stewardship of the 2015 Summit of the Americas this spring has put the two countries on different sides on the issue, on an important issue of regional discussion which is the place of Cuba and regional affairs. Panama has invited Cuba to attend this meeting. We hosted an event here at CSIS just yesterday on U.S.-Cuba relations and we talked a little bit about this summit and about Panama's decision to invite Cuba and how this decision by Panama could create a decision-forcing moment for the United States as the White House decides how to react.  Nicaraguan opposition to the canal is increasing and it leaves us wondering what the implications are if there is to be another canal for Panama Canal. Panama Canal has been very successful and very efficient and its operation doesn't leave much to be desired. So there's a lot going on with Panama in the region and also with the United States and who better to have come and talk to us about it than the ambassador. The ambassador his Excellency Emmanuel Gonzales Revilla. Ambassador Gonzales presented his credentials this fall as the first representative in Washington of President Varela's administration. Before assuming this role the ambassador had a long career in private and financial in the financial sectors including roles at Panama Power Holdings, Lloyd's Bank and the Banco Comercial de Panama. I'm honored to host him today. Thank you ambassador for joining us before we get started. I just would remind you that we are on the record today. We are live streaming and when we open it up to questions I'd appreciate if you could identify yourself and make a short question. So with that the floor is yours ambassador. Well thank you Carl and thank you all for coming and for CSIS for inviting me today to speak to you. You know I'm here in representation of President Varela, the United States Government President Varela. He is the fifth elected government since Mr. Riedega was taken of power in 1989 and he actually based on campaign run on four different pillars. One being social inclusion and development. The second being the revitalization of democracy and public institutions. The third being economic development and the lastly national security. In terms of social inclusion and development you know President Varela is actually committed to do away with inequality and create equal opportunity for all in the country. Since coming into into office five months ago several initiatives have been launched to this effect which include improving sanitation and clean water. A low-income housing development, improving the healthcare system and not only the healthcare the provision of healthcare but also being preventive healthcare and most importantly education. President Varela believes that education is a cornerstone of progress and the way to actually fight a crime and poverty and specifically in that you know Panama being the center of in the center of the world trade it's extremely important that our people speak English and you know I think a lot of you know since we had you know American bases in Panama you know for almost you know 100 years little bit less than 100 years everyone thought that everyone in Panama spoke English that is not the case. So President Varela what he wants to do is actually in the next 15 years which will obviously will involve incremental investment in education and also that the next governments as we continue with the policy is to have a complete bilingual education by 2030. To that effect we have actually started a program whereby we're going to be sending about 2,000 teachers a year actually this in the month the first 500 come to the US to several universities in the US to actually for them to learn how to speak English and then we're going to send them back to Panama where we're going to have an additional training in pedagogy and for them to become better teachers and ideally and then you know that's about 2,000 a year so in five years it'll be 10,000 if we do 15 years that'll be about 30,000 teachers and these include both old teachers that are already in the system and newly graduated teachers that are coming out of the different local institutions. So that's something that it's extremely important one of the platforms of the campaign. We are very involved actually at the embassy here in DC coordinating all of these efforts since this is being done with exclusively US universities okay and I think we have so far we have over 14 universities that are participating in the program from the US to Pennsylvania, Georgetown, American and a lot of schools in the Midwest as well so this is very very interesting program and something that it's that is you know relatively new and in the region. In terms of revitalization of democracy you know President Barreta has served to say many times that the government is to serve the people not to benefit from it so you know we are his government is starting to be completely transparent honest corruption will not be tolerated at any level and will be prosecuted to the extent of prosecuted to the extent of the law obviously always a always abiding by the rule of law and the different and the different processes that need to be followed. There's an own wavering commitment to protect democracy and our institutions so that's something that he wants to leave as a legacy when he leaves that's that you know make sure that these institutions are not politicized and are not subject to whoever is empowered at the time. In terms of economic development the third pillar you know we've had tremendous growth in Panama over the last over the years but but we want we need to make sure that that continues you know that it continues but also that that growth actually gets to the most needed people in the country. It's to you know and by doing this you need to make sure that there's a level playing field that there's no how do you say that there's no favoritism or favoritism for anybody when it comes to doing business in Panama and that this complete transparency and an openness in every single a government bid or contract that something has been in question before and you know we are trying to make sure that that doesn't ever happen in Panama you know at the end of the day you know corruption is really you know has huge negative economic impact in in our country so we're not mature that doesn't happen in terms of national security you know we're striving to to have a safe environment for citizens and and we're actually tackling this at several levels even from the community side whereby we have programs to basically that are targeting kids that are at risk to join gangs and so forth to multilateral all international corporations in terms of money laundering programs drug trafficking etc etc which we work closely with the US and our regional allies at the end of the day you know that permeates that that elicit criminal activity permeates down to to to our batteries and so forth so we're not making sure that we fight those on both on both levels and and again these pillars you know are not separate from one another because you know without education you're going to have create opportunity without you know without economic growth you can't create opportunity so it's all interrelated today where are we today in Panama you know we're privileged we've we have an incredible asset that is our strategic location some people would say the Panama Canal is our biggest asset I say it's our strategic location without it we wouldn't have the canal so we know we've had tremendous growth as I said before in the past ten years we've grown about eight and a half percent average which is tremendous for for you know and anywhere in the world this year we're going to grow about six percent and next year they're forecasting that we're going to grow about seven percent which actually would be the fastest growing economy in Latin America for that 2015 so there's a lot of growth coming in and with that this you know so that that's that that's you know in terms of what's happening with the economy also as you mentioned in your opening you know we're getting set to to complete the expansion of the Panama Canal that should be done of course you know we've had problems you know we're not going to cover the song on one hand but it's a major major infrastructure project then and we've had some delays delays it's about 80 percent completed and we expect to have it done I would say probably first quarter 2016 of course you know that that's going to have huge impacts both locally and internationally locally you know we're going to double the capacity of the cargo or capacity of the canal which you know you can just multiply the do the numbers and and see what's going to happen to revenues and of course you know that would mean that the central government's going to have more more more more dollars to actually continue doing infrastructure projects additionally it's going to put tremendous pressure as well on on everything related logistic you know the logistic hub going to have to increase investment in ports and and and our our logistic related infrastructure but again that also ties up with with with our other the thing is you know the logistic hub is not just the Panama Canal that's one of the the pieces of the puzzle you know we have incredible air air interconnection we have incredible communication systems every single fiber cable that goes through region goes through Panama we have an incredible and very robust financial center that is part of the logistic hub and so so you know all of these things you know there's going to be so many interesting opportunities in there aside from the logistic opportunity in logistic sectors they're going to be incredible opportunities in the energy sector and that's power generation renewables and also gas we're trying to actually create a lng hub in Panama so there's going to be some some interesting opportunities there this is going to be of course also additionally with all this growth there's huge demand for hotel rooms so the hospitality industry infrastructure is going to it's going to see some some surges as well in demand and just basically basic infrastructure in terms of completing new schools completing roads we're about to bid the the second line of a metro and the third line is already in the working studies and and also there's a couple projects in mining that are that are being looked at of course all of this is going to be promoted with 11 playing field and everybody's going to be welcome to come and bid and and and and that's something that that I think it's it's it's one of the main messages that we want to send to to to the world in terms of foreign policy Panama is trying to to regain its role as a facilitator promoting dialogue and consensus in the region which which is a role that historically we've had you know it's it's it's you know we don't like to take sides you know and we believe we firmly believe that by having that dialogue we can come in we can come into to agreements and that's something that we want to actually concentrate on going forward you know and foreign policy we will continue cooperating in in security issues with our allies and you know to fight drug trafficking money laundering terrorism human trafficking every single kind of illicit activity that goes through a region and you know at the end of the day you know what is that we all want it's a safer western hemisphere I mean it's a for world but mostly safer western hemisphere we will continue working with the with the financial action task force to improve continuing improving our legislation and also we're about to actually to send to congress new legislation where other the banking system is seemingly well regulated but other sectors are not so we're going to actually improve that that regulation to do away with and curb any single industry where illicit activity can actually you know put his clothes in so you know this is something that person but it is very much committed to and you know we also like to we've been away from participating in most international organizations and and we're actually going to do an effort now to participate more and we're going to be nominating some some some panamanians to some of these posts specifically we just nominated as medallia tortini which which is a former supreme court justice to the uh uh courted americana derecho humanos uh so so and and and we foresee that we're going to be nominating you know other people as well um and then you know of course foreign policy the big topic is the summit uh we're thrilled to be hosting the summit in uh in april first week in april uh you know we we do have the infrastructure too to to uh to accommodate and we we're welcome you know we are looking forward to hosting our neighbors in Chile all the way to canada uh you know timing is very interesting uh you know the the region is doing extremely well uh as as a whole uh by some estimates by year 2020 you know lat america region is going to have a 10 trillion uh economy with about 640 000 640 million active consumers so it's very important um and and there's a lot of issues that that that apart from you know economic issues and trade that that that we want to discuss uh and we want to discuss issues such as you know illegal immigration we want to discuss issues uh such as uh energy resource scarcity we want to discuss issues of a drug trafficking and most importantly you know the role of democracy and human rights in the region uh and and i i believe these are things these are these are these are these are things that that almost everyone in the region is willing to you know it's willing and wants to talk about and and uh and we're looking forward to creating the forum in the summit so the things like so these you know these these issues can be in this goes up and openly um as i said you know we're thrilled to be hosting it and and look forward to having uh the 34 countries of the region uh in panama in april sorry great so you've given a wonderful sort of overview of the domestic situation in panama the priorities of the president of the new president uh the economic and commercial side as well as the foreign policy and i'll have a couple questions on on some of those things but i'm gonna go right to the question that you sort of uh or the issue that you sort of prompted there at the end which is the summit so on the one hand you have folks saying look we're not going to attend this summit or a lot of countries said the next summit of the americas has to have cuba at it and uh they feel that it's important to include even with cubans cuba's shortcomings it's important to include cuba in the discussion as i think you mentioned on the other hand there's others that say well if you invite cuba to the summit you're sort of undermining the institutions uh that are sponsoring uh this summit you're undermining their sort of cause which is the promotion of democracy by inviting a country that uh you know has a doesn't have a commitment to democracy um how do you respond to that and and the united states is trying to figure out if it will be sending the president or the secretary what they'll be saying what they'll be doing etc uh and that this has become a sort of a conversation that whoever follows latin america now has an opinion on that so um what do you think about that well um you know again it's it's you know we we see our role as as a facilitator okay and and and and democracy and civil participation are two of the of the main themes or sub themes if you will of of of the summit um again you know this is this is something that that uh that we have talked to you know that that has been uh a a it talked about the participant members uh uh that are coming and and in the last summit in kardahena uh the majority of all if not all of the of the participants that basically said you know cuba needs to be invited uh i think that that the fact that we are inviting cuba as we we haven't formally invited cuba yet uh the invitation haven't gone out but uh but we will be doing it sending invitation shortly to all of the members um the fact that we are inviting you know a q or an e or the government that doesn't mean that we are that we agree or don't agree with with with their policies so the members agree with the with the specific policies what we're trying to do say is say you know if we want to talk about the issues that that we all care the only way to actually push these issues and and for them to be heard is to have an open discussion uh you know again you know as i said earlier you know we've had our fifth a a a a democratic election in a row in 25 years before that before that you know no one knows better than panama you know what having a dictatorship is uh or whatever you want to call it you know we didn't have a democracy and now we do uh so so again you know we we we we will push democracy as far as we need to push it and and and and and and and we will create the the the the environment to talk about um so you know i think i think not inviting Cuba it's basically preclusions from actually talking about the issues with them so so you know again you know it's this is just my personal opinion okay okay i'm i'm sure might some people may have follow-ups on that but absolutely i'm i'm gonna sort of lay it out there and ask a couple of other questions and mix it up here you know you mentioned these figures about economic growth in panama that are quite impressive and and and it would look like you know panama is sort of en route to becoming sort of the singapore of you know the region and you know you have you know the trade that's from ocean to ocean the diversity of products is is massive um and it's such an important conduit to sort of bring the two the at atlantic and the pacific worlds together right on the other hand you've had all of this talk about this other canal in Nicaragua and a lot of folks feel that it's just a lot of talk uh but some commitments have been made and you're starting to see some of the issues sort of percolate domestically in Nicaragua and i guess my question is are there any implications are there is there any effect that having uh or that building another canal would have in the canal system that already exists i mean the capacity that you're going to have with this other one is is massive as well yeah i mean with with expanding canal we we we will be able to handle about 90 i mean it depends who you ask but it's over 92 percent of of all these ships that that that uh that transit you know the waters of the world yeah so so uh you know we are actually feeling you know that that necessary uh and again you know the the trading routes today will change once once the canal is open and that's going to have impact not only in Panama necessarily but you know you guys here in the u.s you know you're investing a whole lot more in the expansion reports to accommodate those large ships than we actually investing in the expansion of the canal yeah so implications are actually are actually uh massive um as to the canal in Nicaragua if it's going to get built it's not going to get built yeah you know i don't know you have to ask the Nicaraguans you know that question uh what we are doing in Panama is running the canal as efficiently as we can and as i said earlier uh the canal the Panama canal is only a piece of the hub of the logistic hub so it's not only the canal the the canal by itself it you know it's it's not enough you have to have all these infrastructure service infrastructure and actual physical infrastructure uh to be able to compete effectively um and i and i think uh and i think we have we have done that uh you know i think we show in the world that that we can operate a canal efficiently and and uh and we'll continue to uh to uh to operate that way and again you know as is as with any business you know if if another canal opens up you know it's competition and whoever gives the best service and and and and offers a better alternative will come out ahead you know we need to concentrate on what we're doing and uh and if something else comes along then we we will figure it out but but again you know we see we look in the business model we concentrate on running an extremely efficient canal and that's all we can do right now okay okay and the last question before i open it up to the audience um so you touched a little bit on this the several investigations that are going on and so far as corruption uh by former government officials if you could talk to us a little bit about that and i guess also what are the challenges that Panama is facing regarding organized crime and narco trafficking and how do you see uh the president's administration dealing with that so first is corruption that's two questions first is okay i mean in one big paragraph the first one is corruption and how do you see uh the president's efforts in dealing with uh former government officials accused of corruption and the second one is how do you see the government dealing with the issues having to do with organized crime and narco trafficking okay so so the first question you know um that's a beauty of free press you know uh uh you know we've talked there's been talked you know for years about you know corruption in in the government but there were no really you know no no hard facts uh so one of one of local newspapers actually did some uh investigative reports and you know and started you know assets coming out of some former government officials that couldn't justify so you know uh basically the attorney general's office started investigations uh about this also you know there's there's another case with supreme court just justice but that's that's outside of of the of the court or that's been judged by the by the congress so it's different rules depending on what what what your position is but at the end of it those are completely independent entities from from from the executive uh and and and and you know all the executive can do is actually put you know people to to run this to run these these agencies that are that are you know incorruptible that are you know uh very well prepared and and and are willing to actually do what it takes to do to to make sure that that we have you know that we don't have any corruption in our government so i think i think president varela cannot do anything about the form of corruption i think i think what he can do is make sure that his government you know has no corruption uh if there was past corruption in past governments that needs to be investigated by the proper authorities because there have been some cases that i've been pursued uh will there be more of that i would i would imagine so i would imagine so uh uh you know again i'm not privy you know i know what comes out in the in the in the in the newspaper uh but i would imagine that that that that may be the case okay that may be the case and uh and in terms of of of drug trafficking and all that you know again you know we have to uh 45 45 45 our our institutions uh again you know it's you know we're putting in you know the the financial analysis unit we're putting someone you know president varela just puts someone that it's a carrier uh officer okay so it's not it's not tied to politics or anything and and uh and someone who had been you know chasing down the bad guys uh uh uh now here uh the uh also the the the consejo seguridad security council yeah if you will also a carrier officer is in charge of that uh you know we're changing uh we are uh promoting changing legislation to to to to penalize or criminalize uh money laundering and it's it's uh related activities so you know we are trying to strengthen the the institutional institutional part of of of the penalties if you will of that uh and in parallel we are you know with both all the the the uh the what do you call it the uh the police force or with the police force and and and the and the attorney general's office prosecuting and changing down uh uh the illicit activity and then working jointly with our neighbors and and and with the u.s. as well and in actually securing our borders and putting in place structures to deter uh to deter this uh uh this criminal activity at the end of the day I think it's this is like a game of this is like you know those the frog game with a kid that you actually hit it in the head and goes down then someone pops up so you know this is an ever ending fight so you know they get clever we need to be more clever and uh but but it's it's a matter of just being putting constant pressure on the illicit activity and um chop okay well with that I think we're gonna open it up uh to the to the audience a little bit we'll start up up up here and then we'll move to the back hi i'm larry luxner news editor of the washington diplomat um in numerical terms mr ambassador can you speak uh about the effect of the free trade agreement that panama recently signed with the united states that specifically imports exports fdi etc and secondly uh what kind of opportunities does the fta offer uh for port urico which is like panama what kind of opportunities does the fta offer for port urico uh an american commonwealth that like panama is bilingual and trying to position itself as a bridge between uh latin america and the us mainland thank you i guess if port urico can learn from the panama case but panama but port urico is a commonwealth you know with with with f with a feature agreement i i think we're still trying to to figure it out how to explode it better yeah if you will uh i think uh if you look at at the numbers uh it hasn't really benefited benefited panamanian exports to to the us more the other way around uh if you look at just whole numbers uh panama imports to the us is around uh 11 billion whereby panama exports to the us i think it's not even 400 500 million dollars so this is huge huge imbalance so i think uh i think there's there's there's there's still a lot to do on that as far as for rico what i can learn from us you know i think it's too early still to to to say because i don't think we have been actually extremely successful in implementing the fta so and so that's just a personal opinion have a question up here you know like oh thank you richard downey from delphi strategic consulting thank you very much for great overview ambassador um i have two questions and ones a follow-up of carls on corruption let me talk about that one first but i was in panama about two weeks ago attending a conference in fact investor meister was there as well and i was moderating panel on governability and institutionality which i thought despite the very distinguished panelists was going to be really stayed and boring it turned out to be the most passionate panel i have ever been associated with and the reason was people focused on corruption and as carl mentioned there's a number of former officials that are being uh investigated and it all seemed to circulate around president martinelli uh do you see this getting closer in and and focusing on and eventually touching uh president martinelli uh in terms of corruption that seemed to be the the focus for most of these uh these efforts and viewpoints of people the second is you briefly mentioned energy uh you certainly have a lot of water resources there in panama but do you see opportunities for other renewable energy projects for geothermic solar types of energy as well yeah thank you and wind thank you i'll start with it with it with the easy question first actually yes actually what you said about the month ago there was a bid for a ppa for solar energy um and uh and i believe there were over 30 participants in that bid which is unheard of also uh there's uh 270 megawatt wind facility being built right now i think it's about 100 megawatts already up and running and in terms of geothermal nothing has been done in panama surprisingly though because we are actually a hotbed so i think uh i think there may be some actual opportunities in in that sector as well um as to the first question and sorry and and then energy you know we're going to be bidding out about 700 megawatts in about three months so and that's a a technology agnostic so it could be anything uh so if you have a a lng plant or or thermal or whatever you participate uh so so and and uh you know we continue to invest in in transmission infrastructure which uh the previous government did not really do a good job on off um and right now we actually we have restrictions on on the line so we need to fix that before we actually uh get this bit going on um on the other side uh you know i think the investigations need to take their course uh you know i'm not i'm not privy to information you know to be able to say yes or no to you know to answer your question yes or no uh i think the chips will fall where they have to fall and and and uh and but if you you know if if you look at what's been what's coming out and what's going you know and today for example there was another uh indictment uh we came out you know it's it's it's like you know at the end of the day i think if you see your company you know you're responsible for what happens in your company so uh that's that's what i need to that that that's all i can say uh i don't know what i don't know what the outcome is going to be but i think i think uh there's a lot more to the story that will continue to come out we go over here and then we'll move it to the back we're getting some tweeted questions so i want to get a couple of those in as well now i'm getting worried yeah now excellent see thank you very much for your very informative talk uh sergio de la pina from i'm an independent consultant given the nature of panama and the canal that's already there it only seems natural that at some point you're gonna have to connect into colombia through the that end i know that that's been sort of a hesitation for for some years but i think that as in the future that has to be considered do you see that becoming a reality anytime in the near decade say a i don't know i think i think uh a from the practical perspective i would tend to agree with with with your assessment but i think it's it's it's a lot more to to to that than you know historical situation you know uh you know i think as you move forward for example you know uh we talked about electric interconnection going back to the electricity energy uh that's gonna that's gonna move ahead so in the next probably five years we're gonna have electric interconnection with colombia and that just the beginning off so i think you know i i don't know i i don't have a crystal ball and it's more it's more a state of mind of panama than than than anything else so so i i wouldn't know how to answer that let me go in the back over here thank you uh mr. ambassador thank you very much thanks girl the uh i'm david nelson with g the general electric company um the i want to follow up on one of the issues that you raised about the summit of the americas and maybe this is a distraction from the central attention given to cuba but the there's a uh a group of business associations in the region are trying to create a business dialogue with government leaders at the summit of the americas they're calling it america's business dialogue and they've just uh come into ge to chair the energy working group as part of that engagement um and i wanted to understand if this is something that the government of panama considers to be an important part of the of the summit as well if looking at at this kind of engagement with business will get some priority attention from the government or is this just a pipe dream from some no no absolutely uh the thing is you know this there's actually several things going on around the summit so you have the summit of america's okay which where you know the regional leaders were coming and talk about these issues uh we're also going to have a ceo summit uh which i would imagine this is part of that uh if not then you need to talk to them that that's being uh coordinated with the idb uh and and the government of panama we're going to have a civil society summit as well uh in parallel to that we're going to have a youth a a summit and we're also going to have an education summit we're going to being we're going to bring uh uh uh chairs and presidents of universities in the region i think there's going to be over 350 of those in panama so in parallel we're going to have all these all these different uh it's going to happen a couple of days before before the the actual summit happens on the on the ceo summit or business summit if you will that actually ends the day that the summit begins and there's going to be participation from go from government leaders in the business summit as well and on the other summits as well so so yes absolutely let me get and and welcome you know you're welcome to call the embassy if you will if we can get you more information we'd love to do that let me get these this tweeted question in and i'll go right to you sir one of our followers asks does panama have a future in the pacific alliance how could that move forward uh well we we basically approved or signed the the necessary future agreements to join the pacific alliance there was they're just subject to the approval of congress of different countries in for example in colombia and in panama as well so uh our our goal is actually to be part of that sir i'll get you a microphone right here my name is braden mayor i'm actually moving to panama in about a month as a part of the fulbright program to be an english teaching assistant so i was wondering what role you saw in the future with president baria's priorities based on education what role you saw for young americans like myself or others in helping to build panama's bilingual capabilities well we're welcome as many as you use you want to come down to panama uh you know that's that's as i said earlier you know that's one of what that's one of president varela's main objective the only way you can actually access the things you know in panama i also i i i was talking to someone the other day and i said you know someone people talk about oh you gotta create opportunities to get people out of poverty you gotta create opportunities and and in panama we have actually done that this huge opportunity we created huge opportunities we have basically uh non-employment we've had to bring in people from from from other countries who feel the the the problem is we have to bring in people from other countries who feel the high paying jobs we haven't been able to use our own people to fill those jobs and that's actually that's actually our fault because we were too busy creating all this growth and we didn't invest in education and and that's something that needs to be done in parallel because you can you know it doesn't matter how much opportunity you create if you don't actually give the tools to your two people to actually access those opportunities you know you're gonna have to fill those from somewhere uh so so uh i think i think that uh that you know this is this is a government that is extremely committed to investing in education i mean there's a lot of there's a ceiling of other other initiatives that that that the government is doing in education but this is the bilingual is one that's is going to have i we believe the biggest impact a long term well i'm going to ask you another question um i thought you had all the questions you're not going to get away with that so you're you're familiar with some of the crisis that we had with unaccompanied children coming from the northern triangle to the united states the root causes of that the criminality issues having to do with the maras with cartels etc um the spillover and and you know the ambassador from costa rica's here too which i would recognize um the spillover to that to panama in costa rica has been limited there's been some issues with with some of the criminal uh with the transnational crime but do you see a role for panama in the region uh in so far as dealing with this issue i mean is there a leadership opportunity for panama uh in dealing with transnational crime in central america i think you know as i said earlier you know we we we have problems that are attacking the kids that are at risk to join this this this uh this uh uh criminal organizations or gangs or maras or whatever you want to call them uh the the gang problem is not as as as prevalent in panama as it is and i don't think it's the same case in costa rica uh as it is in let's say salvador and guatemala or honduras uh so so i think i think i think where we actually can help is is is just by sharing best practices and what being able to do in terms of curtailing the organized crime um but again you know the situations of each country you know our countries are completely completely different uh so you know i think what we can do is is continue working together with mexico with colombia and end the re and end and end the other countries in central america to to actually do away with this drug trafficking which actually what what creates all these problems internally in our countries uh at two different levels in different countries so okay i think ambassador may still has a question here there you go here's a microphone yeah yeah thank you mr ambassador thank you for your presentation and i want to commend you for your laying out of 25 years of panamanian democracy it is the real story of the hemisphere in every way your political system warts and all works democracy functions their panamanian style and the economic facts speak for themselves my question has to do with institutional and it builds on carls observation just now could you analyze two things cooperation institutional cooperation with the united states in everything trafficking drug business criminal organizations etc i think the record shows that all the governments have cooperated well with the united states covering different administrations the varela government is new there are new people could you comment on the plans i think the answer is pretty obvious but the proof of the pudding is in the eating the second has to do with finance panaman's financial center reputation the idea of wanting to be the singapore of the hemisphere which is to my mind achievable but there are issues of of in the financial area one that comes to mind is a case involving a big financial entity called is it financial pacific or first which is in the panamanian justice system is that going to be you can't predict but resolving it expeditiously and showing to the world that these institutions function as they should is is a very strong message i wonder if you could comment on each of those aspects of institutionality in in the varela government's panaman you know as i mentioned earlier uh you know one of one of president's varela's main goals is to is to have a secure and safe environment for all panamanians uh so so this government and the president varela's government is is extremely committed to eradicating you know illegal activities and that is you know a long list as he calls it anyone that lives outside of the rule of law so it's it's it's more broad than than just drug trafficking or money laundering or or or or any of that uh you're right when you say the panama has had a long tradition of cooperating with specifically the u.s as a matter of fact i was i was in panama i don't know three weeks ago we've been cooperating you know with almost every single agency in the u.s cvp a homeless in a homeless security uh treasury a d i you know fb i d a uh uh and and you know even for example in the airport in panama we have now the advanced passenger passenger information system apis which you know we just share that information with the u.s and you basically you know even though you don't have to do customs in panama we know exactly who comes through and and and and uh and we have presented a lot of a lot of wanted uh individuals uh you know we're implementing something something similar with uh with uh with customs uh and the containers to be able to to track where the containers are at at all point where the prognosis the thing is you know the the the the the the challenge that we have is as a country that as our logistic hub increases and and it becomes big it becomes bigger you know it's a lot more attractive for all these criminal organizations to come in to see how they can penetrate it so we actually constantly having to to protect that logistic the logistic system to make sure that it grows properly but also is safe from from from meddling of these criminal criminal activities so so it's it's a it's a it's a commitment that this government has uh you know as a matter of fact in the appeals government most of this initiative the eps and all those were started by president by the last minister of foreign relations before he he broke out with coalition so this is something that is very dear to his heart and and and and he said that it will do whatever he takes uh to make sure that that we have a safe country on the other side uh on the banking system we have a very robust banking system we have I think the 12th most robust banking system in the world today a a regulation on the banking system is extremely extremely good and and and that hasn't been an issue for a while but what is lacking in our country is is uh and you know you can attest to that in the in the in the fat off uh reports and guidelines is that you know we need to better regulate other industries that are actually being infiltrated by by by by organized crime you know called the casinos real estate uh and and and so forth so we actually implement the legislation now to actually you know regulate those industries better and make sure that that uh that you have that also you know we are strengthening um and you know with more more technology and more manpower and more funds uh the the financial analysis unit which is what tracks all these illicit activities and the flow of funds and then that is actually then passed on to the to the to the uh attorney general's office to for for investigation and then if they they want to bring up charges or not so I think you know we have to strengthen all of that to make sure that that we have a safe environment in Panama so uh and the financial Pacific you know financial Pacific uh specifically to your question you know that was intervened by the by the local SEC if you will uh it's liquidated and it's being liquidated right now and and and again you know there needs to be an investigation uh and actually there's someone in jail right now uh but I think you know that needs to actually follow its course and and and and and see you know who's at fault and and if this if there was any criminality related to that charges will come and and people will pay uh but you know other than that you know we'll just I I can't I can't really say what's what's going to happen with that specific case I think we have our last question here in the back thank you ambassador um very heartened by your remarks and very glad your initiatives on education which I think are really important uh my name is Brian walch I run international government relations here in dc for a university I was with the state department for a number of years I worked under the Torrijos administration I ran the narcotics and law enforcement session in our embassy in Panama a lot of great cooperation and always was particularly impressed by the management of the canal um two questions and they're pretty direct one is the Darien issue with the connection between Colombia and Panama because it was already mentioned during my time there the government of Panama was completely against the opening of the of the of the route the government of Colombia under Alvaro Ribe was they hit away at that subject every day they wanted it to happen so first of all I wanted to find out I'm a little bit removed from some of the Panama dynamic for a couple of years what's the position of president Varela formally on that what's the position of president Santos on that issue and then the second question is Taiwan China there's always been a back and forth with Panama diplomatic recognition etc how again what's the position of president Varela and the administration at this moment and coming at the transparency issues there's always been a lot of largesse by Taiwan and China when they court um relationships with countries so I just wanted to find out what the government is doing to make sure that kind of largesse and assistance that comes to the government is handled transparently so you have a smorgasbord of questions there and well again you know you can pick whichever one no no the the Colombia the Colombia issue again it just depends who you ask I mean I don't I don't think we have a formal I don't think we have a formal this government has a formal position on that I could be wrong do we do we got a lot we don't know but anyways we can get back to no you know it's it's it's again you know I think I think traditionally Colombians one day one day the the tapon that didn't open and Panama doesn't want to open so you know I don't I don't know I don't know where that's gonna go again you know that's something that that is a bilateral between Colombia and Panama they need to figure out what they want to do in terms of in terms of of any aid if you know it's sort of Taiwan or or the US or anywhere I think you know we you know as I said earlier you know we will make this government is making sure that there's no corruption and that the proper procedures are followed and whoever breaks those will be brought to justice so it's as simple as that it doesn't matter where the aid comes from it just you know it needs to be handled properly and and used in the manner of which it was you know supposed to do so okay and with that I think we are done with our session thank you ambassador Gonzales Revilla thank you it's been great thank you everybody for coming thank you all


Patients with placenta previa are at risk for intra and postpartum massive blood loss, as well as increased risk of placenta acreta, which can lead to serious obstetric complications such as maternal mortality and morbidity. Risk factors for previa include prior caesarean section, multi-parity, advanced maternal age, prior placenta previa history, prior uterine surgery, and smoking. The prevalence of previa among perturians has risen due to the increasing rate of caesarean sections and advancing maternal age. To identify the risk factors for previa-related bleeding before caesarean section, this review evaluated the diagnosis of placenta previa and placenta acreta and assessed the risk factors for previa-associated bleeding. Additionally, it presented intraoperative anesthetic management and other interventions to control bleeding in patients with previa who are expected to experience massive hemorrhage and require transfusions. This article was authored by Hisan Park and Hyun Suk Cho. We are article.tv. Links in the description below.


Hi everybody, Sean with jaspyscasebrakes.com here doing 2020 Panini Mosaic football hobby six box half case break pick your team number 16, we've got it all set, sold straight out so let's get ripping. Here's the final break list for us, Ricky Holbert last spot mojo with the Jets along with some other teams as well and here are our boxes you can see they were marked 16 for this break especially picked all card ship I always feel like that's a different type of attention it's always weird people either really love it rex or absolutely despise it joe boros through 61 passes last night I think you had like a what was it like a 60 completion rate something like that three touchdowns no interceptions against some pretty good cornerbacks and safety the secondary of the the browns lots of passes for a second game ever threw for well over 300 yards right 300 yards three touchdowns 60 passes one of those ice followed by heat at the end of the game for sure first auto Gino Atkins for the Cincinnati Bengals Ryan Fingarson oh one of one starting to self off with a one of one here guys there you go it looks odd got a black one of one auto for the Bengals there you go I mean it might not be the bangle that we were chasing but I'm not going to say no right Seyquan Barkley stained glass New York Giants Brian Mostiller Henry Ruggs rookie silver NFL debut Joe Burrow that Henry Ruggs going to the Vegas Raiders Eric Ainge the NFL debut Joe Burrow going to Cincinnati and Ryan Fingarson see rex I don't even need to do the big express we all know Clyde Edwards here later NFL debut let's see how he does in week two question week one Kenzie Chiefs Ryan Fingarson base Ryan Fingarson and the Chiefs Aaron Rodgers MVP's blue number 299 for the Green Bay Packers and Nick Stover center stage Kyla Murray Arizona Cardinals Wayne Stock Jalen Hertz Philadelphia Eagles uh Ricky Holbert Joe Burrow Silver Mosaic very nice Cincinnati Bengals Ryan Fingarson LaVisca Chanel Jr. Auto for the Jacksonville Jaguars and Baraj Takkar Denzel Mims rookie silver New York Jets Ricky Holbert Justin Jefferson NFL debut Minnesota Vikings Christopher Freese Joe Burrow Cincinnati Bengals Ryan Fingarson Odell Beckham Silver Cole Beasley Pink number to 49 for the Buffalo Bills Garrett Lessman Overdrive Aaron Jones Green Bay Packers Nick Stover Jalen Hertz for the Eagles Ricky Holbert Jordan Love for the Packers Nick Stover Barry Sanders Robert Woods just got paid some may say overpaid me being one of them Joe Burrow introduction Cincinnati Bengals Ryan Fingarson four years sixty five million dollars anybody think that was a good deal for the Rams what's up Adam we were just discussing uh Robert Woods fleecing of the uh Los Angeles Rams as we're starting box two Adam I think not surprisingly I uh I did not pick the Chargers to win this weekend in our office pool that's my next Jersey order Adam he is exceptional you know what's funny too Adam he he worked so hard in his first game PFF grade for him was so bad I was just like that guy's so good yeah that sucked man that was absolutely horrible but what about Jerry Tillery Adam little guy learned some moves Kishan Vaughn Silver Matt Ryan Pink to 49 for the Atlanta Falcons Andrew Sanker center stage Jimmy Garoppolo for the San Francisco 49ers Nick Stover all card ship guys so if you see it it's coming to you Derek Brown rookie Otto for the Carolina Panthers Serenity Love Adam is crazy our defense is going to keep us in every game this year except for me this week Clyde Edwards Hilaire red for the Chiefs and Ryan Fingarson Juju Swagger Justin Herbert for the Chargers John Denine yeah I don't know what's going on with that Herbert Chargers going to John Denine with my Los Angeles Chargers it's my team legitimately my team Jalen Hurts for the Eagles Ricky Holbert Clyde Edwards Hilaire NFL debut Kansas City Ryan Fingarson Shaquille Barrett Autograph for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Dargan Watts Overdrive John Riggins for the Washington football team Dustin Mitchum Tua Tagava Loa for the Miami Dolphins John Denine rookie base Tom Brady MVPs red New England Patriots Roman Quijano NFL debut Tua Tagava Loa Miami Dolphins John Denine no Dustin the center those ones aren't numbered it's a it's a short printed insert though just so you can see so there's the Riggins the short print but there's no numbering on them so Adam I agree uh I mean it definitely looks like it's Herbert's already I just and I get it like I sound dumb but I feel like at some point we have to try Easton's deck we have to see what's happening what we have in him if we can either use him as a serviceable backup or if he's good enough that we could potentially get some trade offers for him for another team but yeah no it's a nice it's a very nice card Dustin I think it's one per box if that so it's definitely a nice card um but yeah Herbert's got it I yeah like Easton looked good in in the preseason last year he looked good in camp this year I don't know man the guys he's so mobile I just don't see how how we don't give him a chance like if we just go straight to Herbert like what are we doing like he's he's a champion he won in college like crazy he had a better record than Carson Wentz at North Dakota State he won multiple championships Mark I think our defense will keep us in it our offense isn't going to keep it close at all though unfortunately unless we make a quarterback change mid game that's for sure Everson Walls auto for the D uh sorry Dallas Cowboys the boys uh Ricky Holbert center stage Kirk Cousins from Minnesota Vikings Christopher Freese Jordan Love NFL debut Green Bay Packers Nick Stover in it to win it and a military for the Patriots and Roman Quijana Jacob Easton Rookie Otto for the Colts and Nicholas Casberg Cameron Jordan Gold three of 10 New Orleans Saints Nick Stover Justin Herbert for the Chargers John Denine Justin Herbert for the Chargers John Denine Overdrive Nick Chubb looking great Cleveland round Sean Maddock Michael Thomas Pro Bowl how about Joshua Kelly too he looked good he's fast and he can cut you know the thing is like Tyrods always had the he's not going to lose games for you but he's definitely not going to win him for you he's definitely a game manager and if you don't get a first down on first or second down definitely not definitely not going to uh gonna do anything you know what I mean there you go Dan thank you man it's easy just try to be nice to people that's all it takes Dan it's funny it's like every time like every weekend after I like come on late and I talk to you and stuff I go home and I'm like Rachel like you gotta update more you gotta update more pictures for Petunia the people need it the the guy like our people the we got people that watch her now that follow her you gotta put more more updates on there like don't don't disappoint I've told her multiple times and like give me access to it I'll do it Nate Solder Otto for the New York Giants and Brian Mostler Jordan Love Silver Mosaic rookie very nice Green Bay Packers Nick Stover I don't Tyler I was uh just told that season two is coming out so I need to watch season one so that's my next move watch season one of the Mandalorian Tua Tagovailoa for the Miami Dolphins John Denine yeah I just saw your comment Adam I Tua again for John Denine and the Dolphins yeah Justin Jackson man what is it now it's hip or something like that the guy who plays the Mandalorian quit midway season two well that's not good Carson Wentz center stage for the Eagles Ricky Holbert Brian Edwards rookie Silver for the Raiders um for Eric Ainge Clyde Edward Chelaire introductions Candice and Chiefs Ryan Finn Garcin Jonathan Taylor rookie autos is that gold it is seven out of ten Indianapolis Colts Nicholas Casburg very nice he's gonna be uh running back one this week right in it to win it Troy Aikman for the boys Dallas Cowboys Ricky Holbert NFL debut Joe Burrow for the Bengals Ryan Finn Garcin Tom Brady Tampa Bay Dragon Watts I haven't seen many of those LaMichael P. Ryan Silver for the Jets Ricky Holbert I think he's starting this week right that really wow Dan that's a real nice card then Clyde Edward Chelaire NFL debut Chiefs Ryan Finn Garcin Clyde Edward Chelaire again for Ryan Finn Garcin Jaylen Hertz for the Eagles Ricky Holbert Clyde Edward Chelaire blue number 299 Ryan Finn Garcin and the Chiefs very nice Seyquan Barkley override for the Giants Brian Mostler wait who we who we talking about right now Dan and Tyler what player oh bro okay yeah so the guy bought it from you then then held it and sold it yes sold it for five grand that's rough don't let it get you man don't let it get you it happens it happens now Jeff Okuda rookie Otto for the Detroit Lions Mark Nozolesky Travis Kelsey White 225 Kansas City Chiefs having a hell of a break here Ryan Finn Garcin I don't think we've hit any autos for him but definitely hitting some nice stuff BD there's not really a set time Vaughn Miller in it to win it for the Broncos and Eric Ainge Nick typically handles that stuff but he randomly puts it on at a certain like different times throughout the night early morning so that it's not like a set time so everybody knows just to jump on their snipe their teams and stuff Joe Burroughs and Snaddy Bangles Ryan Finn Garcin because we said we did it at 2 30 every single morning what time do you think people would go online to buy their spots 2 30 Jordan Love Green Bay Packers Nick Stover Justin Herbert rookie silver mosaic very nice for the Chargers and John Danine KJ Hamler rookie blue for the Denver Broncos to 99 going to Eric Ainge overdrive Ezekiel Elliott Dallas Cowboys Ricky Holbert rookie Otto Jake from for the Buffalo Bills and Garrett Lessman introductions Joe Burrough Cincinnati Bangles Ryan Finn Garcin center stage Daniel Jones New York Giants Brian Mostiller and Jordan Love NFL debut for the Green Bay Packers Nick Stover one box left guys good luck everyone uh Dan he I originally said week six for Herbert and that was if like the Chargers weren't like four and two or five and one but with the way he played last game we might be looking at week three you're trying to buy Herbert low buy it now cool last box everybody good luck yeah of course uh ace if it if there's any more sold out of course we break whatever sells so if the break sells out we'll do it loss for the Chargers by a big shot I do think uh I think our defense will play good I believe so ace um I believe so check the videos if it's not up there I can look after this it might not have uploaded all the way yet but except that away we go Denver winning seven victories to advance this conference Deandre Swift rookie Otto for the Detroit Lions and Mark Nosalski Aaron Rodgers in it to win it for the Packers uh and Nick Stover I've only done one chrome break actually it was a random team break so Jordan love Green Bay Packers Nick Stover yeah Malibu but last week with him being out and us moving um having to move Dan Feeney to center it finally gave us a chance to play Forrest Lantt for a full game at uh left guard and he played out of his mind Tua Tagaviloa for the Miami Dolphin John Denine so we might actually be okay Emmett Smith blue to 99 for the Cowboys and Ricky Holbert Overdrive Derrick Henry for the Titans and Rob Ramo Marv Levy Hall of Fame inscription there Buffalo Bills going to Garrett Lessman introductions Silver Mosaic Joe Burrow Cincinnati Bengals Ryan Fingarson Justin Herbert for the Chargers and John Denine Jordan love introductions for the Packers Nick Stover center stage Troy Aikman for the boys and Ricky Holbert and Justin Herbert NFL debut for John Denine and the Chargers will end it guys six boxes some nice stuff do a little auto recap real quick boom Levisca Chanel Jr rookie Otto Shaquille Barrett Derrick Brown rookie Otto Jacob Eason rookie Otto Everson Walls Nate Solder Jake from rookie Otto Jeff Okuda rookie Otto Marv Levy Deandre Swift rookie Otto Jonathan Taylor rookie Otto gold numbered to 10 and the Otto that started this all off today a black one-of-one Gino Atkins Otto one-of-one very nice there you go guys very nice break that was 2020 panini mosaic football hobby six box half case break pick your team number 16 I'm Sean Jaspie's case breaks.com and we'll see you next time


Hi everybody, and thank you for tuning in and this is Rory, and I'm one of the contributors for SGT report and Also have a YouTube channel the the daily coin and I have on the line today Gentlemen from Ukraine. He's a he's an American citizen But he is currently living in Ukraine and he's outside of Kiev But I'll let him get more into that his name is Roman and Roman give me your last name because I Don't want to butcher it. It's sqasq. It's sqasq. Yep, and We're he's gonna give us some insight to what's actually happening in Ukraine with the protests with the riots with a first-hand account of what's actually happening there and Roman thank you so much for taking some time out today, and if you would just briefly Introduce yourself to the audience and give them your website your YouTube channel and what you're doing in Ukraine My pleasure. Thank you for having me. My name is Roman. I was born and raised in the United States I last lived in Iowa. Here's my t-shirt from the 2012 straw pole in Iowa Where I turned out in support of Ron Paul a couple years ago, I made the move to Ukraine and I'm developing software and writing I was in the American military I was an infantry officer for about six years, and I'm I'm writing a book about About Afghanistan. I've written about my military experiences for Mises.org daily anarchist and a few other sources Right now. I'm blogging pretty aggressively about the protests in Ukraine My website is Roman in Ukraine Com I also have a YouTube channel, which has mostly libertarian book reviews. It's called Romans book report Thank you, and I just want to jump right in and get find out exactly what's going on and If you prefer Roman not giving the name of the city where you're located I understand, but if you would please let people know Approximately how close to Kiev you are and what is the infrastructure like as there is their food coming in It's our water electricity all in operating order. And what is what is daily life like where you're located? Sure. Well, I don't mind I don't mind sharing it. I'm in the western city of Lviv Ukraine it's kind of the The sort of spiritual home of the protests all most of the energy is coming from the western part of the country It's about 300 miles from Kiev and Despite all the fire and mayhem that that is making the headlines the infrastructure is fine it's fine here in in Lviv and And it's fine in Kiev restaurants businesses continue to operate I'm not sure how the businesses look Right where the fighting is happening But I can tell you that when I visited the Maidan about a week and a half ago Like I was amazed to see that even within the perimeter of the camp Oh, I should add the camp occupies the single most expensive piece of real estate in all of ukraine Called chrysoptic the christening. So there's all these like high-end retail shops You know selling selling the latest clothes and everything else And amazingly they all continued to function It the big barricades had gaps in them And customers and employees walk through these gaps in the barricades and it was like it was such It was a little bit surreal. It was just this a normal old city life Happening right alongside these uh these protests now I'm not sure how it looks now that it got violence But as of a week and a half ago You know a week a week and a half ago there had already been I think six deaths and there had already been some fighting But yet, you know the shops were working. Nothing was smashed or looted So it's not as bad as it looks on tv at least not in terms of normal life. Okay. Thank you And that's that's exactly what kind of information that we need Because all the the images that we see are just you know carnage and You know Molotov cocktails flying through the air and so forth and and but we know that there's Something behind that and yes, so as far as getting a getting a good good picture of that That's that's what I'm looking for To see what's going on and it's interesting that that these guys have decided to occupy the most expensive property In Ukraine, you know might as well be in a good neighborhood Yeah, that that's the city center and that's like It's like the it's the center of Kiev like the way the streets are organized It's it's very much the epicenter of the city. Okay, it's it's been always been the the place where protests big and small and uh, we're hearing hear that You know soros is sponsoring Uh, some of the protesters And what is the reality of the protesters? Who are they and where are they coming from? And what is the motivation? Right well, um I guess i'm reacting to What i'm going to say is a kind of a reaction to what I feel has been over reporting About western influence. I have no illusions whatsoever that the western intelligence agencies are here Soros is known to Support femen that's this radical feminist groups that always shows their boobs and Protests about things and when these protests kicked off femen made an appearance that was very embarrassing A bunch of naked ladies walked out with pictures of the president But but I saw that as femen trying to stay relevant um, so I believe I don't have a shred of doubt in my mind that these protests are homegrown And that the west is very actively trying to co-op them and influence the outcome But these protests are not created By the west they're homegrown and let me let me offer a little historical context to to support this view um in 1945 when when all the armies, you know, all the british and american soldiers They all went home and celebrated victory The fighting continued in ukraine for 10 years It was only in in 1955 that armed resistance to the soviet union Uh ended armed resistance by ukrainians to the soviet union ended so they kept going for 10 years You know, obviously that wasn't supported by the west the west was given all kinds of support to stalin at the time The media was calling him uncle joe so So given that historical context You know, I don't think it's so hard to see that the uh the children and grandchildren Of those uh partisans Are are now, you know, motivating themselves to uh to fight what they regard as the kleptocracy as the criminal regime That succeeded the the soviet union and that's kind of uh Held up by the former kgb agent turned russian president putin um, I also have personal contacts among the protesters Uh, so uh, for example, I developed software my lead programmer My lead software developer who's a super talented programmer Um, he has an suv. He has a three-story house. He has a wife and two kids. We go skiing together He's part of ukraine's tiny middle class You know, as soon as any violence flares up in Kiev, I lose him because he goes there Uh at this latest violence, I sent him on sms. I said, uh, uh, is it time to wish you a Safe journey again or something like that and he texted me back Too late. I'm already in my dawn 300 miles like like it was nothing. Wow. So I don't I don't doubt what for example, paul craig roberts wrote that there's western intelligence here paying uh paying protesters $30 a day to to attend a protest But there's a lot of people like my lead software developer who is not motivated by uh by $30 a day So it's both both things are true. I think it's over reported though Okay, and now you had sent me a video earlier a link to a video earlier today regarding paid protesters or no not paid protesters, but the Russian thugs is the way you you've done it as and they were they had a tack of journalists who was just Trying to what appeared to be reporting on the situation And it was in russian and I and unfortunately I don't speak russian So I really didn't get the gist of what? The cameraman the journalist and the person that he was speaking with I didn't understand what they were talking about, but it seemed to be a very civil Conversation just regarding their surroundings and what was actually going on and then the next thing you know They're being attacked by this group of Of what once again seemingly just regular people But turns out they were actually marauders It was it was pretty vicious from what it from the what little bit of the of the attack was shown in the video Can you can you speak to that please? So that that's a new vocabulary word a titushka And I just actually found out only today after using that word for a few months It's named after a single person vadim titushka Who was just a hired thug by the government and now all the hired thugs from the government are called titushka So that poor guy he has is uh, you know, his last name is is you know forever scorn But uh, it's been a very common practice to hire Usually it's coal miners from the russian speaking east part of the country To just come and either do counter protests or to uh to beat the protesters And there's some pretty brutal videos um Of the titushka working side by side with the police and just And just beating the living crap out of protesters In I think it was early january 300 titushka went out and surrounded the u.s. Embassy in Kiev And there's a raw footage Which I posted on my website roman in ukraine Of them complaining amongst each other that they didn't get paid there I forget whether it was 200 or 300 rivnias to to do that what they're doing to come and surround the u.s. Embassy It's kind of a menacing moment, but it but it sort of dissipated without without ever coming to any violence So the the video I posted was those titushka was an interview with some titushka And the the russian speaking reporter was kind of giving them support like like you guys are heroes Tell me about yourself. Where are you from? You know, tell me about what you're doing And he's walking with this one titushka named topaz Uh, and then he goes to topaz's friends and like just keeps asking these questions Like come on to you know talk because the topaz was very like standoffish and His friends I guess just didn't like the fact that he was filming and just started beating him And the last thing you hear is uh, is the reporter crying, you know screaming topaz a topaz asked him to stop asked him to stop so uh Yeah, so that was pretty dramatic and what I've discovered since sending you that video another video emerged that topaz This is a little frightening. He's in the custody of the protesters now And they took a little short video of topaz saying Why did you come here? And he says I came here to support the president yanukovic and they asked You mean the one that's killing us and he says that's not what they told me and they say uh You know, if you were asked to jump off a building for the president, would you do that? And kind of doesn't say anything. It's a real short video but But it's crazy That is crazy. I mean Just blind faith You know or blind following I guess Yeah, you also sympathize with with his play. I don't you know, he's now in in the hands of the hostile protesters Well, I'm sorry to hear that for him, but you know, I I I can't I can't comment on that Oh, let's see. All all we hear about Is what's happened. All we hear about is what's happening in Kiev How far outside of Kiev are the protests spreading? And are you seeing or hearing about large-scale protests in other cities and what is happening in other locations? Yeah, there was uh, there was a I think in mid january Okay, so ukraine in ukraine the states are called oblasts and there's uh I'm gonna embarrass myself by not knowing the exact number. I think there's about 25 oblasts in ukraine And uh, there was a day last month when it felt like victory for the protesters when it like all at once About half the oblast centers in the country were overrun by protesters It was an amazing thing Uh, this was still when it didn't get real crazy at the time. There were about five people killed Um, and in the past two days there have been 70 people killed So so that happened last month And then in the last week more government buildings have been overrun Here in my city, which you know, it's like 99 support of the protesters Two police stations were overrun. The prosecutor's office was overrun all the records They thought the prosecutor was collecting, you know information on who the protesters were So they they threw all the file cabinets outside the outside the prosecutor's office And burned all the documents of the military barracks was overrun There was a resupply Yesterday or uh, there were supposed to be reinforcements yesterday From the eastern russian speaking city of new prophet throats Brigade of paratroopers was supposed to reinforce Kiev And in that eastern city of new prophet throats people blockaded the roads They fell trees on the roads and they they did all kinds of stuff to prevent that That reinforcements from arriving and amazingly They succeeded. Um, and that brigade of paratroopers never deployed to Kiev Having been a paratrooper in the 82nd airborne division. I cannot imagine that happening But I think the soldiers here are a lot less motivated, especially if they've been tuning into To youtube. Well, I mean, I think that the American soldiers would I would like to think that they would do the same You know, I don't know You you were in the in the 82nd Yes, yes, so you would be able to speak better to that than myself because I've never served in the military There there are reports of soldiers refusing to confiscate weapons during Katrina Which which really warmed my heart And I don't know how much the uh, what's that movement the oath keepers. Yes. I don't know how much leverage they have I certainly hope it's a lot actually, I ask uh Have gotten into the habit of asking Soldiers that I see on the street If they are an oath keeper and surprisingly Most if not all have replied yes And they know and they know exactly what I'm talking about That's that's the part that I really like because they know that's amazing. They know exactly what I'm talking about Although I do think the the military is really good at at vetting at vetting people for loyalty And building special units that that would obey and I think the recent purge of generals might have had a lot to do with the With vetting the the upper levels of command for for loyalty for blind loyalty to the administration Which is a bit terrifying. Yes. Well, I mean they're brown sharks throughout history and there always will be you know, I mean Let's see Well, if it if it comes time to get out of the us, um, you know, feel free you have an open invitation to come to the beef Well, thank you Uh, are there are the protesters armed and if so, what type of armament aside from the Molotov cocktails do they have? Right, so, uh Well, these protests they began in november most people forget that wow And they they escalated so Slowly for two months It was people just standing in the streets singing the national anthem and waving flags And then it was stones and barricades and Molotov cocktails And now there are guns Uh, I I know that about 13 police officers have been killed. I don't know what types of guns the protesters are using I do know that there are two classes of guns, which I never really considered guns until I came to ukraine But the first class of guns was a compressed air power guns Uh, the second class are called the Traumatic guns and they're guns that are modified to only fire like rubber pellets And for the last 20 years since independence Uh, those are the only two types of guns that non-military non-police have been able to acquire Uh, the compressed air power guns and the the rubber bullet only guns I don't know what the protesters are protesters are using I do know that those types of guns are very widespread Um, and I also know that 13 police have been killed Although I don't know how they've been killed whether it was burned or beaten or or shot So but the but the citizens are not armed like they are here in the states No, and that's why they have to go out and fight in my opinion. Yeah, exactly. That's that's a big part of it That's it It's it's a little easier to control people when they aren't armed right and uh from your perspective, uh Where do you see where do you see this thing heading? Where where are we going from here? Uh, where are we going or where do I want it to go? Well the reality There's actually a tentative tentative peace tentative peace deal announced today just hours ago. Wow, okay, um, and it's gonna It's gonna involve a rollback of presidential powers The backstory to presidential powers is this uh, when when the orange revolution happened in 2004 and the The non-russian guy became president. They were like, ah, we need to scale back presidential powers So presidential powers were scaled way back And then when the villain of the orange revolution arose again And became president. They're like, ah, we can restore presidential powers So uh, so that they were restored in 2010. So the tentative peace deal that's that's being discussed right now is going to roll back the presidential powers again and uh create immediate elections, so um I think the most likely outcome is one of the opposition candidates will become president probably the tolly flitch go um, I think that's will be uh an improvement but kind of a kind of a like a lost opportunity to because Ukraine as it always is in history is kind of between two civilizations In history, they they allied with the with the Turks to sack Moscow way back in like the 16th or 15th century They made a treaty with the the Moscow to fight the Poles. They allied with the Poles to fight the Turks That's the story of Ukraine is just like cutting a deal with one civilization to fight the other And that's where Ukraine is today between Europe And between Brussels and Moscow And I feel like both the tyrants in Moscow and the aspiring tyrants in brussels Want to keep ukraine's bloated overgrown ineffective corrupt bureaucracy intact So they can just put their man on top right the best thing for ukraine would be You know demolishing that centralized system and coming up with either local solutions Or private solutions to all the problems that the government is now pretending to solve But I think what's gonna happen is uh a new president I think things will get a little bit better. I think ties with the eu will be closer and that will be an improvement But it's kind of a also a missed opportunity from my perspective now The person that you mentioned Is he's one of the uh clowns that victoria newland made reference to Yeah, so so there are three, uh, there are three opposition candidates There's a very Uncharismatic guy called yachts and nuke a former lawyer kind of a shadowy background. Nobody really knows where he came from That's one Number two is the nationalist firebrand olig chak ne bok um Two years ago when I first arrived in ukraine him he and the nationalists will without party had very little standing Um, most people believe that they were supported by yandukovic by the party of regions by the russians in order to radicalize the opposition That was when I arrived two years ago However, they they do a lot of very public and effective like protests And demonstrations. So they're they're Standing has gone up in the last two years. However, the protesters don't support any of these don't support him Or yachts and nuke and the third guy is latimer klitschko Who has the most respect because he's a heavyweight boxing champion um And you know, so he at least he's at least courageous genuinely But when he's probably the most liked But when he went to go talk to the protesters last month They sprayed him in the face with a fire extinguisher And there's some internet mimes portraying the three as just as clowns. However, I think after all the violence um, I think the protesters will settle for a snap elections In exchange for giving up the protests and that will probably lead to one of these three coming to power And uh, tragically the preservation of this horrible centralized corrupt ineffective bureaucracy Well, the reason I refer to them as clowns is because they were, you know, cia operatives that Yes This person was you know, they were trying to sneak in the back door or or in the front door However, you want to look at it, you know, yes It was just one of the people that they not that any of the folks that you're talking about would be I mean, I don't I don't know I don't know the local politics and And I don't pretend to so I just um I'm going by some of the reports that I've read and and the interviews that I've listened to well Is there anything that that we need to know? That you feel is important that may be Overlooked at this point as far as some of the reporting and think you've done a great job In bringing us up to speed into some of what's actually happening on the ground and the reality of it And I really appreciate that but if there's anything that that we need to know At this point, I mean you said that there was a peace deal on the table just hours ago. So right That's to me. That's that's breaking news and If there's anything like that, please share or you feel that's just that you feel is important Sure, well I guess Two other I guess just two pieces of analysis are kind of generally being missed There's a number of reporters Probably feeling very smart because they they post maps of you how Ukraine voted in the last election And you see a split between people who voted for the Yanukovych and people who voted for For, you know, the opposition but But it's not a struggle between Ukraine's Russian population And Ukraine's Ukrainian population. It's a struggle between the government And Ukraine and the Ukrainian population with some sympathy from the Russian population So it's not really a civil war. It's still the people against the government. There are no counter demonstrations There was there was recently an interview of a of a Crimean politician Russian Russian guy in Crimea And it was an interview on some Russian news agency and they thought he was anti protest and pro pro-yanukovych But he started talking about how how the regime how The political class keeps stealing land in Crimea stealing this beautiful beachside land and on the Black Sea So they cut off the interview mid-sentence and put an end to that So it's not it's not a civil war. It's still it's not one part of Ukraine against the other It's one part of Ukraine against the government with some mixed sympathy from the other part of Ukraine Uh, that's one thing and the other bit of analysis that I feel has has been missed especially in in our libertarian circles is um Is uh, uh, uh, the enemy of your enemy is not your friend, uh, you know, uh Putin he's doing a lot of propaganda here just as the United States is Um, I agree with Ron Paul's analysis that America should stay out of it But by staying out of it Uh, I would include not parroting kremlin propaganda without at least a little bit of thought and and analysis Thank you. That's uh That was part of what what you and I discussed yesterday and I really appreciate you bringing that bringing that up especially the uh Any enemy of my enemy is is my friend and he's not I mean and I when when we were talking about that I commented that you know Putin is like the uh, the best-looking mayor at the slaughterhouse.   I mean if they're they're a politician. They they're probably lying So I met a really interesting guy at a libertarian conference here in levy of the Yaroslav Romantru He was a former presidential candidate in Belarus. It is a very dangerous thing to be a presidential candidate in Belarus Uh, but we were we were joking about, uh, russia today the the russian news station We we were talking about how great it is in the united states And it would be like the perfect like uh, the perfect joke if the united states Sponsored a russian language libertarian news station in russia Because russia is sponsoring a libertarian news station in english in america It's like it's like the the um, the teleponnesian war when athens and sparta They both did so well because each would free the other slaves. Um, I think that's what's going on russia Seen from america like russia as a counterculture to america is awesome. Uh russia up close and personal Uh is a lot less awesome and and uh, you know come come see for yourself. You know, believe me Well, maybe maybe we will do that and and on that note I would like to uh, thank you for your time and and point people in the direction of your website once again uh, roman's book report and the youtube channel Oh the youtube channel roman's book report and roman in ukraine.com. Okay, and I'd like to ask if I can stay in touch with you and and I will be following your website and and Keeping up with with your reports out of there And I will get this uh posted as soon as possible because I feel like it's very timely And I really appreciate your time roman and is there And I guess I'll just talk with you soon All right. Thanks for the opportunity. Have a good one


In Chapter 12, our end goal is going to be to analyze heating and cooling systems of actual air. Unfortunately, we can't just model actual air as a dry ideal gas. We have to analyze it with the water vapor that's in the air in the form of humidity. The analysis of water vapor as humidity in atmospheric air is called psychrometry. And before we can talk about the mixture of water vapor and air, we need to talk about ideal gas mixtures in general. So we're going to start by describing mixtures in a general case and their properties, and then we'll go into what's specific about the way that we describe humidity in air. Generally speaking, when we talk about mixtures of gases, we can describe the proportions of the mixtures in two ways. The first is on a mass basis, also called a gravimetric analysis. When we describe a mixture on a mass basis, we are describing proportions by mass, which is also by weight. We can also describe mixtures on a molar basis, and note that because the molar mass of the individual substances could be different, the molar proportions might not be the same as the mass proportions. Also note, for ideal gases, the molar proportion is equivalent to the volume proportion. So if we described a proportion of a substance on a molar basis, we are also describing that proportion by volume. And to get a little practice describing proportions in both a mass and molar basis, let's try an example. Say you have a sealed tank containing 25 kg of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. I want to use that information to describe the total mass of the mixture, the mass and molar fractions of all the components, the average mixture molar mass, and the gas constant of the mixture itself. So to begin with, I will draw a table, as I think that's the most convenient way to represent all this information. So I have diatomic hydrogen, diatomic oxygen, diatomic nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. I was told the mass of each of those individual components. I'm going to use the subscript I to represent of one of these substances or species in the mixture. The mass of hydrogen was 25 kg, likewise with oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide. The next thing I want to do is represent the amount of mass as a proportion of the mass of the whole. That abbreviation is going to be what we call mass fraction, which is abbreviated with an MF for mass fraction, it makes sense. And the mass fraction is going to be the mass of each individual substance or species, divided by the mass of the mixture. The mass of the mixture is just going to be the sum of all of the individual masses appearing. So 25 plus 25 plus 25 plus 25 yields a mass of the mixture of 100 kg. Then the mass fraction for oxygen is going to be 25 kg divided by 100, which is going to be 0.25. The mass fraction for nitrogen is going to be 25 kg divided by 100, and so on, and so on. The mass fraction of each component is one-quarter because each of them contributes one-quarter of the mass to the mass of the whole. To figure out the molar proportion, we're going to have to figure out how many moles are in 25 kg of each of these substances. To calculate that quantity, we're going to need to look up the molar masses for each of these individual substances. I will abbreviate molar mass with an uppercase M, and that's going to be a measurement of kg per kilomole. And to look up those values, we're going to draw upon table A1. In table A1, I can look up a molar mass for each of these. First up, I have oxygen, which is 32. Excuse me. First of all, I have hydrogen. And then oxygen. So hydrogen was 2.016. And then I have nitrogen, which is 28.01, and then I have carbon monoxide, which is 28.01 as well. So the molar mass represents how many kilograms are in a kilomole of substance. Therefore, to calculate the number of moles of each of these individual species, I'm going to take the mass of the substance divided by the molar mass of the substance. I'm going to abbreviate number of moles with a lowercase N. So we've gone about as far as we can without the calculator. So calculator, if you would help us out. First up, we have 25 divided by 2.016. That's going to give us 12.4 kilomoles of hydrogen. Then we have 25 divided by 32, which is 25.30 seconds. Thank you, calculator. Which is 0.78125. Then we have 25 divided by 28.01, which is 0.89254 for both nitrogen and carbon monoxide. And just like we did with the mass of the mixture, we can figure out the number of moles of the mixture by summing together each of the individual number of moles in each of the species across all of the species. So we take 12.4008 plus 0.78125 plus 0.89254 plus 0.89254 and we get 14.967 kilomoles. So just like we did with mass, we can take the number of moles of each of the individual components and divide it by the number of moles of the mixture and that would represent the molar fraction. The molar fraction is also abbreviated, but we already used MF. So what are we going to use instead for molar fraction? Why? Why it's why? I don't know, but that's the standard. And why is the number of moles of each of the individual species divided by the number of moles in the mixture? So we start off with 12.4008, 12.4008 divided by 14 and we get 0.828. We repeat the process, 40.78 divided by 14.967 and we get 0.0522. And then 0.89254 divided by 14 and change gives us 0.059633. So on a mass basis, this mixture is 25% hydrogen, 25% oxygen, 25% nitrogen and 25% carbon monoxide. On a molar basis or volumetric basis, it is 83% hydrogen, 5.2% oxygen and about 6% of each nitrogen and carbon monoxide. As a general rule of thumb, molar fractions are more useful in chemistry and as a result are usually the ones being described. If you were told a proportion and you weren't told whether or not it's a mass fraction or a molar fraction, you assume it's a molar fraction which again is equivalent to a volumetric fraction for ideal gases. For example, if we consider Earth's atmosphere, it's 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, about 1% argon and so on. Those are proportions of volume, not mass. Anyway, we have A, B and C done. Next we need to figure out the average mixture molar mass. And for that, there are a couple of ways that we can approach the problem. We could represent the molar mass of the mixture as the mass of the mixture, divided by the number of moles of the mixture and in that case, we already happened to have both those quantities. We could say 100 kilograms divided by 14.967. In which case, we end up with a molar mass of 6.681 and that worked out well because we happened to have the amount of mass of the mixture and the number of moles of the mixture already for this particular problem. But in some cases, it might be convenient to write it out in terms of the mass or molar proportions. But be aware when you're doing that, you have to keep track of what each of these kilograms represents. This is kilograms of substance per kilomole of substance.  I mean, we can try that and we get a completely different number. And the reason that we do is because this mass fraction is kilograms of substance per kilograms of mixture and we're multiplying by kilograms of substance per kilomole of substance. So you might be tempted to say, well, this kilogram cancels this kilograms, we're left with kilograms per kilomole. But it's not the right kilograms here and here to cancel. The kilograms of substance and kilograms of mixture are different. So they don't cancel. Furthermore, what you would be left with anyway is the kilograms of substance divided by kilomoles of substance. The easier way to think through how to build the proportional averages is to actually start with this equation and substitute quantities if you have them. For example, if we wanted to, we could write the mass of the mixture as the sum of all the masses of the individual components. And if we wanted to, we could write the number of moles of the mixture as the number of moles of each of the individual substances summed together. And then we could figure out, well, the number of moles in total is going to be the number of kilograms divided by the molar mass for each of the individual species all summed together. So in the denominator, we could replace the sum of Ni with the sum of mass divided by molar mass. Okay, well, that's not particularly helpful. What if we try it from another angle? What if we leave the denominator as n-mix but try to come up with alternative ways of writing the mass of the substance? Well, I could write the mass of the substance as the number of moles of each of the individual substances multiplied by the molar mass. So instead of writing sum of Mi, I could write sum of the quantity number of moles times molar mass. Well, in this particular arrangement, I can group together this quantity by bringing n-mix inside of the summation, at which point I would have the summation of y times the molar mass. So when we're talking about molar mass of the mixture, we can represent it as the sum of the molar fraction of each of the individual components multiplied by the molar mass. And the way that we know that is because we have expanded and simplified this particular equation. You can do that for a lot of these relationships. You can algebraically rearrange them to write them in terms of proportions or in terms of total quantities depending on what you have and what's useful. But I'm of the opinion that it is worth it to just treat everything as a total quantity as much as possible. Don't get too caught up in trying to rearrange things algebraically. So just to prove a point here, let's take all of these and we should end up with about 6.7. Hey, we did! We got the same molar mass. I mean, worst case scenario, if you're in a situation where you have mass fractions or molar fractions, instead of a total quantity, you can always just assume an amount and figure out what the other proportion is.  You can always just assume one kilogram, figure out the masses, figure out the number of moles, figure out the molar fraction, divide the two masses, excuse me, divide the mass of the mixture by the number of moles of the mixture, or do the molar fraction times the molar mass, and that will work out even though you don't actually only have one kilogram. By assuming a quantity, you can figure out the proportions and figure out the average quantities and it doesn't actually affect anything because the amount of substance doesn't matter. What matters is the relative amounts, if that logic makes sense. Anyway, the last thing I wanted us to calculate was the gas constant of the mixture. So for that, we will step back to how we calculated gas constants in Thermo 1. The gas constant for the mixture on a mass basis is going to be the universal gas constant divided by the molar mass of the mixture. Well, the universal gas constant comes from the inside of our front cover of our textbook. We can take 8.314 kilojoules per kilo mole Kelvin and then divide it by our shiny new molar mass of our mixture which is 6.681 kilo moles, cancels kilo moles, leaving me with kilojoules per kilogram Kelvin. And I get a gas constant of 1.2444 kilograms, excuse me, kilojoules per kilogram Kelvin. So take a minute and reflect on why it might be useful to know the gas constant of this mixture. Using the gas constant allows us to apply the ideal gas law to the mixture as a whole. If I told you that these 100 kilograms were sitting in a 100 cubic meter container at a certain temperature and I asked you to figure out what the pressure is, you can use the ideal gas law to model the relationship between temperature pressure and specific volume and figure out what the pressure is. Doing so would require the specific gas constant for our actual mixture.