Okay, we can start. We can start. Good. So, welcome to all of you. This is a great moment. It's several generations of an ICTP family getting together for two nice celebrations. So, it's one of these days that it's good to be here because it's to celebrate what we have been working for many years. ICTP has been working for many years to promote science in developing countries and to promote the scientists in developing countries. So, we will start with the Spirit of Salam Award. And I will say a few words about that and then I will ask Osama Salam to say also some words and give the awards to the two winners. So, let me start. This is the fifth anniversary of this award. So, it started as an initiative of the Salam family and the idea was to essentially, to keep not only the scientific excellence that we always support and award with different prices we have, like the ICTP prize, the Ramanujan Prize, or the direct medal, but they wanted to have something much more human which is the celebration of the Spirit of Salam, to give an award to someone who has dedicated their careers and their lives to support scientists from developing countries. And it coincided that the first award was given on the day that we celebrated our 50th anniversary. And now we have, this is the fifth occasion. Just as I was thinking about this, I remember when we had, that was the first day of the 50th anniversary celebration that we have a space for the first Spirit of Salam award. And there were many, many top scientists here. And friends, we had also five former directors of CERN and many other direct medalists and so on. And I was touched by one comment that I was given at that time by the deputy director of CERN, Sergio Bartolucci, who said that that year we have also experienced the celebration of the 60th anniversary of CERN. And that was also a great event because CERN has been a symbol of international collaboration and great success in science. But he said that by being here, he felt much more emotional about our own celebration being a smaller institute. And precisely it was because of this Spirit of Salam award because you recognize the human aspect which is very important. The award is given not only to scientists, it's given to the people who support the scientists. And I have a list here or the previous award is just to remind you. So the first year in 2014, it was Pierre Appdejo, many of us remember, he retired, he was the driver of ICTP staff for many, many, many years. And Gatti, who was the assistant to the director, to the four directors of ICTP for more than 35 years. And Dr. Andrea Marie Amon, who's a leading administrator for ICTP many, many years ago. And as you can see, none of them were professional scientists but they were dedicated to the mission of ICTP and they helped many of our scientists, visitors, students and so on to facilitate their lives and encourage them in a human part. Then in 2015, we gave it to Luciano Bartokic, who used to be the deputy director of ICTP and then he has been here and has been playing a key role in the recent development of what we have the Master in Medical Physics which is one of the greatest successes, stories we have in the last few years. Professor Giuseppe Fuglang, who was one of the leading professor from the University of Trieste who supports the salam, since the beginning, I was a head of many of the programs. Professor Yulou, Professor Zhao Zhenzhen who have been involved in many activities for support science in ICTP in China and have done wonderful work. Then in 2016, we had Fahim Hossein who was a key person, a student of salam also from Pakistan. He participated in many activities for us and started with the diploma program. He was the head of Office of External Activities and many other activities. Saif Ransh Badaimi who also started the diploma program and he was the deputy director until he retired a couple of years ago and was a collaborator of salam for many years and was very much part of the spirit of salam. We have Leo Violini who has been a key person to develop science in many countries, in particular being Italian, he has been creating institutes for instance in Colombia and supporting science in El Salvador, in Iran, in many places. We have the pleasure to have Leo here visiting also. In Brana Ashfar Sahid who has been making a key role for developing science in many aspects in Pakistan and she is kind of unique because she also has another prize for most. So she has two prizes, one for the spirit of salam and the other one for optics. Daniel Gomez from Argentina, Giancarlo Girardi, one of the Madeira's friends who just passed away recently and he was the wonderful scientist and also the head of our association program for many years and collaborator of salam for many years. Iqbal, Muhammad Iqbal who was the key person to keep all these activities running. I always joke to him that was the most educated person in the world because he was always here passing the microphones to everybody during all the 60 conferences we organized per year. So I estimated how many lectures he has attended and nobody in the world has the record. And then this year we have two winners, who are dear friends, Victor Latorre from Peru and Alberto Vajalski from Mexico. So they have been both very much attached to ICDP and to the mission of ICDP in different aspects. They are friends among themselves and they are friends of us and they were friends of salam and friends of the whole ICDP community. Victor has played a key role to develop science in Peru. He has done many things in several universities and director of institutes and so on, but also he created together with salam an activity called multiscience, multisciences and that was running for many years in Peru and attracted top scientists worldwide to go there and lecture in every aspects of science. And remember it was called multiscience and multiscience and not physics necessarily. It was already the vision at that time to cover many, many aspects of science and seeing science as a single unity. So I think that was a great initiative from Victor and also with the collaboration of salam. And then Alberto is almost a local. He speaks Italian better than me, I would think. It's not that difficult, of course. And so he spent many years here in the math department actually and he has been a key person to develop mathematics in Mexico. And I understand that he was the person who convinced salam to have a mathematics section in ACTP. So many of the mathematicians here have a lot to thank to Alberto. So I find a beautiful combination between the two of them and good friends. And so I'm glad that the family of salam decided to award this year the prize or the award to both Victor and Alberto. So just to continue, I will just explain what the next part of the program is, so this part of the program. Now we have here Osama Salam, who is representing the salam family. These are the ones who select and give the award. He's the grandson of Abdul Salam and the son of Ahmed Salam, who maybe many of you know also. And he has kindly agreed to come here and say a few words and give the award to them. So please join me to welcome Osama Salam. All right, so thank you, Fernanda, for that lovely introduction. I will try and keep it as brief as possible. I know most of you are scientists and as such like me are always thinking, when's my next coffee? So let's not keep this to you. Thank you so much, everyone, for coming here today. Those of you who have been in previous years may have been expecting my father. Unfortunately, he couldn't make it due to some commitments in London, but he sends his apologies and also congratulations to this year's winners and of course to all the students getting their diplomas today.  And I'm always so glad that the students are here for the Spirit of Salam ceremony because now you go out into the world on to back to your home countries, on to further study, not only as obviously very talented scientists, but also in the Spirit of Salam. That spirit is everything about my grandfather that we as the family want to remember in addition to his scientific achievement. My grandfather was an exceptional scientist. Everyone knows this. What we want to show are his other qualities, his generosity, his selflessness, and his love for humanity. He worked almost his whole life to promote the development of science and technology in disadvantaged parts of the world. This award was created to recognize others who have demonstrated these values regardless of scientific achievement. Today, that award goes to two wonderful men, both of whom worked personally alongside my grandfather and helped shape ICTP and its offshoots into what they are today. And I'm truly honored to be able to meet Professor Alberto Wajowski and Professor Victor Latorre and to be able to recognize them in this way. Alberto and Victor, you both saw up close my grandfather's commitment to humanity, and I'm sure he would have been so happy to see you both continue this work, both here at ICTP and in South and Central America. You both honor his legacy and his spirit. Alberto, of course, was instrumental in creating the mathematics department here at ICTP and helped organize numerous projects in the spirit of Salaam. And Victor's work in Peru, bringing international cooperation and foreign students to Peru, is exactly the legacy of my grandfather. Thank you so much for continuing to demonstrate these values and for being role models to all students who pass through this center. Thank you. Thank you very much, Professor Salaam. And so the next part of the ceremony is that I will ask Osama to give the award to each of the awardees in this following order, first to Professor Victor Latorre and then I will ask Victor to say some words and then after that to Alberto Wajowski and then I will ask him to... And knowing that the students are here, it would be nice if each of the awardees say a few words addressing to the students. So at the moment, please, Osama, I think, and if you don't mind, probably go in this branch. Victor, you can go to this... He will give you the award there. Yes. You can stand up and yes. He will give you the award. He will give you the certificate. No, no, come with me. Dear friends, my first work have to be on the support by the appreciation, I feel, towards this center founded by Professor Salam. In 1969, a friend came to the center from Peru. He wasn't a Peruvian. He was an Argentine physicist. Who was in our university in Lima? We have appointed him Professor of Theoretical Physics and became then a friend to us. And then all of a sudden, one day, I received a letter from UNESCO saying that they were organizing a meeting in Trieste and that for the first time, they wanted to have some delegate from South American countries. Why did I receive this letter? I still don't know precisely, but I suppose that came from Paris from somebody at UNESCO. I learned when I came here that it was all. South America did not cultivate physics with the exception of Brazil and Argentina. Both of them have tens of physicists already, but the rest of our South American friends were not represented by anybody. I have been in Trieste the judgment of UNESCO. I still don't know who proposed my name, but UNESCO sent me an invitation to come to Trieste. The first South American or Latin American better. Representatives that have been here, a Brazilian, a Mexican, an Argentinian, proposes that a physicist from another country should come. They have already physics education up to the doctorate. They were researchers in the fields and they felt that the smaller nations should take advantage of this opportunity that UNESCO created for South America. The Scientific Council said UNESCO should be represented for somebody who does not come from those three countries. Well, this is the way I became a representative of such countries. Upon my coming, I found out that the Scientific Council and Professor Salam who was the director and representative from Vienna dealing with atomic energy wanted to have a voice from the smaller countries of South America. And so it started. This was in 1960 when I received this invitation. During the decades of the 70s, I had an opportunity to get acquainted with physicists from all over the world. I used to come once or twice a year but I could find many friends in such periods. All of them striving for having more physicists in the respective countries. It wasn't easy in those times. Physics in certain places even has a bad image. Politicians, for instance, saw that physicists were the culprit of the Second World War, particularly because of the destruction caused by the atomic bomb. So in Trieste, in our meetings here, we tried to make things clear. Physics, of course, has been used for destruction. Physics should contribute to peace through true knowledge of matter and also through the mechanisms of the wars they should communicate among each other. And so it happened. So I was very lucky to understand that if three or four physicists sit together or meet together, they will start talking about what physics could do in the respective country because all of them, knowing the powers of these science, physics, were eager to know what these new science could do for the better of the world. So this was the legate of the center. And so it was that I stayed for 10 years here in Trieste. And Professor Salam told me if I find an opportunity to go to South America, I will visit Peru. I know of the Inca culture in Peru and Bolivia, Ecuador, and Colombia. And so it happened that one day I had the opportunity to show him around. He looked at Machu Picchu, the ancient ruins in the heights of Cusco and proposes that we should have a school of physics near Machu Picchu, inviting physicists from South America, Central America, and Mexico to learn what these science could do for the betterment, men believing there. It took us, of course, some energy, some vision, some determination. But Professor Salam has all that. And he, working from Trieste, got that the United Nations through UNESCO choose finance, a physics school in Machu Picchu, the old Inca place. And this, we didn't know at the time, could really work in reuniting South American friends, good physicists from all over the world, Professor Salam helped us to convince them to come. In reality, many of them will learn it later. New Machu Picchu as tourists, as tourists. So it wasn't difficult to get them as teachers of physics. In 20 years, we have about 250 good physicists from Europe, the United States, Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico, to teach a summer course. Not really summer, the beginning of the spring, really. Usually three courses per year, lasting each of them two to three weeks. To students from those five countries I mentioned. And this, of course, has the effect of convincing the education of authorities in Peru that physics could really do much for progress. But all of this wouldn't have been possible if Professor Salam did not plan the School of Physics. We still keep his memory alive, remembering that he, with all the force of his spirit, convinces the United Nations and other countries, that is France, Spain in particular, to contribute to multi-sciences. The name chosen by Professor Salam and myself for this school in the heights of Machu Picchu during the months of August, September, and October. Multi-sciences would still be alive. However, Machu Picchu as a tourist attraction kept growing and growing. A small hotel that we used as a building for multi-sciences 15 kilometers away from Machu Picchu was bought by a powerful European company that built a hotel. And so one day we became unable to keep running multi-sciences. Well, it was a home that was lost, but not forever. We are now again convincing our governments to reinstall it, and also to provide for other locals to improve and perhaps enable in countries to keep that tradition of learning the secrets of science, in particularly of physics, of the betterment of the world. I deeply recognize the effort that Trieste made in our favor. It's really opened our eyes to the importance, the necessity of science to deal with daily problems in our countries. We hope that in the coming years the new government that has installed one year ago understands the value of physics. We feel hopeful in particular because the president of the republic, the new one, who used to be the vice president of the previous one, the new one was a student of engineering in my old school, the University of Engineering in Lima, Peru. He will understand, he understands it already, that science is a basic stone for development. And we hope that in the days to come, particularly in the days we are waiting to celebrate the 200th anniversary of our independence as a nation, he will understand the need for science in building a third century life in Peru. I thank the organizers of this meeting deeply from my heart for choosing me to say that words to you. And I hope that in the very near future, I mean during the celebrations of this second century and the initiation of the third, we will have multi-sensors restated in Peru. Many thanks for your attention. Thank you very much, Victor, for such a wonderful message and wonderful words. So we really appreciate very much what you have been doing for science in general and particularly for Peru and for ICTP. Victor was the first member of our scientific council from South America, so in that sense he has been a very key person for ICTP also. So, okay, to continue, now I will ask Osama Salam to give the word to Alberto Barjavsky. Well, I am very honored to be one of the recipients of this award, the spirit of Osama Salam, and I deeply, I thank very much the Salam family for this honor. So I've been linked to the ICTP for a long time. I remember, I will always remember at the beginning of 1982 when a letter came inviting me to visit the ICTP with all expenses covered. You must understand at that time that Professor Latore said it was very difficult to actually go out from your country and to me was such a beautiful surprise to be able to come to Trieste and to participate in a workshop on dynamical systems, which by the way this topic is a constant topic and a very important topic in this center. Then at that time I had the opportunity to meet with Professor Salam for the first time because he joined the people during the launch time, very extremely, and of course you feel that spirit of generosity and of course generality as a physicist and then I came for some further visits and in 1986 Professor James Eales is the one that actually has suggested the creation of the ICTP but nominated, say, with the condition that we get a staff, a senior staff member to be able to and he suggested by name and I was very happy to come in 1986 as the founder of the mathematics section of the ICTP. So I stayed seven years during which there were dozens of international conferences and I think during that time many visited mathematicians from all over the world and in those conferences I was able to see people from all continents and from all places very much in the spirit of Salam, fantastic workshops that in such a way that together with the high energy physics and condensed matter and the new ones like biology are internationally known as centers of quality and fantastic place, fantastic library, fantastic infrastructure and I think that the spirit of... I remember for instance that there was in the spirit of Salam is the idea of science without frontiers and the creation of new centers like a model of the ICTP like one in Chiapas in Mexico a center will be open in Rwanda very soon I think and one in Brazil, in Sao Paulo, in China and the idea you know people are begging, intelligent governments intelligent governors are actually looking for diversity, it's important to have diversity so the idea of having science without frontiers very much in the spirit of Salam is fantastic to me open borders for Titus and one proof of that practical proof of the depth of the ideas of Professor Salam is that for instance the Fields Medal has been awarded now to a woman from Iran Marianne Mersahani a young mathematician from Vietnam a pronounced by no one show Artur Avida from Brazil which is related to Professor Latore talk and well a refugee from a Kurdish part of Iran and that's just one of the things that make it great and so on the personal level let me tell you one anecdote that happened to me with Salam so one day Angati secretary assistant of the director called me and said Professor Salam wants to talk to you and I said wow let's go I went knocked the door I entered and he said why do you explain me a little bit about not theory not theory and so I explained what is a brave you know brave theory it's part like a bunch of knots strands that move like a brave in the head and so I went to the blackboard and it's been about three hours explaining what a brave was and my knowledge in biology is very very bad it's one subject that I never learned very well so I explained the brave with two strands so the two points that go up and wrap around and the probability of going left left, right, left, right it produced at the end a right hand double helix or a left hand double helix and so being a mathematician is the same probability of being left handed or right handed so well so the DNA must be half left half right I said no all these right handed I said wow I was surprised show my ignorance but he was extremely I didn't know that he was working at that time in biology on some very fundamental problem it is called chai reality the orientation of the screw he was working on chai reality and the origin of life and for some reason nature chose right handed double helix that's part of the fundamental and I was fascinated by that a little later I got the papers it was very hard to get the papers of tate of no theory and he was fascinated and to me having worked with a Nobel Prize like that I remember he offered me when I made that mistake he offered me an apple so they offered an apple by a Nobel Prize a little better fantastic but I say that to show the human part of a great man of a very very great man that had influence in my own life because I've been linked to the ACDP since then and I feel part of the family of the ACDP and it's a feeling that I know all of you know and I'm extremely happy and again I thank the salam family and last but not least I want to I always like to be next to young people to see if it's contagious a little bit but maybe not and so last but not least I want to congratulate these young faces for being awarded the diploma and I'm sure you will be fantastic scientists and will follow the spirit of professor salam and that's all I want to say thank you very much thank you very much Alberto thank you for the comments and nice words it's nice always to have anecdotes about salam which are as far as I know there are infinite so this I didn't know that's very good so ok so believe it or not we're doing very well with time so the next activity starts at 3.30 so it's always interesting to see how students suffer in exams so now it's good to see how they get excited waiting for the next 15 minutes for the award and that's good because we need to do some changes here in the setup so that the awardees and salam will move and then they will put some banner here for the diploma ceremony so it will be a few minutes but we have to stay in your seat so this is the time to check your mobile phone that's ok this is the only time that you can do it and then we will start at hopefully around 3.30 in the meantime I hope they will be showing up something here to entertain for those of you who have no mobile phone ok so before doing that so please join me to congratulate again to the two awardees and to the salam family ok welcome back to the second part of this celebration for this afternoon so we can start again so for the students this is the big moment this is it probably you recognize the people who are sitting here even though they dress a little bit different from usual so we have the people in charge of our scientists in charge of the diploma program so we have Paolo Creminelli who is in charge of the whole diploma but also the high energy physics part Misha Kisilev who is in charge of the contents of the major diploma Riccardo Farnetti from the ESP and Lothar Goccio from Mathematics and the ceremony is a bit complicated so I have to give instructions because we always get it wrong so let me see if I get it I will tell you how it would work first I will say some words then very inspiring then Paolo who will be more inspiring he will not need a microphone because he is a professional actor but then we have a surprise visitor I don't see here Stefan there he is so it's a success story for a former diploma student Stefan Kenmo so we will ask him to say some words after Paolo say some words you don't mind also to inspire people it's a nice moment Stefan was a diploma student several years ago now he is building up a successful career not only as a scientist but also as a media star so it's a TV personality in Cameroon so it's very nice to have him here and I think it will be very appropriate that he will say some words to inspire also the diploma students after that I will give you the instructions on how we will award the diploma to each of you but since it will take a few minutes we will forget if I tell you now so we will wait until that happens and then I will tell you very good so now it's the turn for my inspiring words so it's wonderful to have you here this is one of my favorite moments of the year for me it's wonderful to see the students arriving at the beginning of the academic year and then see them evolving over the whole year even though you don't realize that we are always keeping an eye on you in the cafeteria, in different places seeing you talking and so on and sometimes participating in your presentations so it's great to see you maturing as students and as scientists during the whole year we know that it has not been an easy year for nobody, for anybody it's easy because there are many challenges and depression problems and the scientific issues that are difficult but I think we hope that we as a CTP family have been able to help you to cope with this year to make the most out of your studies the diploma program has been running for more than 25 years and it has been shaping over the years so it's a very well-structured program for each of the sections so we know it's not easy and that's one of the purposes because we pretended to have something to raise the level not only of your knowledge and education but also your discipline for work so in that sense probably some of you may have felt there was not easy to cope with all the courses but I think I hope that that will help you to become a better scientist and that's a major goal of our diploma I know that each of you from here on you will have different paths some of you coming back to your countries or going back to your region or going back to different countries continuing for a PhD or a master program and so it will be a different career path for all of you but I hope that by this year that you have been here sharing all the time with us but also most importantly with each other that you can make a link that it will last for many years and that you can always support each other so it's always the case from my own experience that people of your own generation are the ones that can always keep up with you and always give you support and sometimes it's good to have potential collaborators in the future either scientifically or in different programs that you get involved so for those of you who want to continue in science and do the research, I hope most of you and I think that you have learned a lot of basic materials you have now a core of basic courses that you will now master in one way or another and then that will start opening a new way to become a scientist because you can start thinking about research going to different universities and taking courses but already think about research and to do research is a different challenge it's a new challenge that some of those it doesn't have to be one-to-one correlation that if you are a top student you will be a top researcher sometimes it's not like that so you have to build up a new kind of talent also to learn how to do research and adapt to whatever you like so it will be definitely new talent but it's clearly not true it's that without the basic knowledge you cannot become a good researcher so there is only one direction of implication you need the basic knowledge to then become a good researcher and so we hope that with this year you have already acquired that basic knowledge and eventually that will help you to become a good researcher in the future if that's what you want to do for that I think it's very difficult to give there are no magic rules because for each person it's different we all have to adapt but there is something that works very often for many of us except for some very exceptional cases where people like to work by themselves usually we build up our careers by collaboration so the human relations is a very important part it's not only the scientific knowledge but the human relationships and that I think is crucial and to have good human relations also you have to be generous to share your knowledge and your ideas with your colleagues and get feedback and then get back and forth with different ideas to shape better your knowledge and your ideas and to test them with your colleagues and so collaborations are usually a must and that's how people start building up their careers so don't try to just go to your own room and do something by yourself without thinking that you have to communicate with others what you think and you have doubts tell them and you have ideas share them and that will make you much more successful and you can make progress faster way I always remember there are some rules that Wimbledon gives to advice to students and there are two that I like very much is that one is that you see for selecting a subject of research some people like the cleanest thing to do because there's a well understood and they say oh that's well understood so I want to do general relativity it's such a beautiful theory I would like to work on that and where as particle physics or dark matter or things like that or high disease or particle activity it's kind of dirty and not well understood so that's precisely the opposite so you have to go to the messy things to the thing that nobody understands well because that's where progress will be made so you have to think that people will already understand so you're just enjoying yourself but there's no progress in science so that's I think it's a good message some things don't look very nice and don't look very nice because we do not understand it well so that's where progress can be made so that I think is a very good piece of advice and to start to think about their own research the other one is to think about the history of science we usually as a young scientist we are just too much involved with what we are doing at that moment that we don't see the big picture so it's important to see the big picture and to see the big picture is it helps to know a little bit of the history of science how things were developed so how superconductivity was discovered and understood how the standard model was created or QED or the standard model of cosmology or things like theories about climate change or mathematics or so so it's good to see how people develop them usually addressing one question and solving something else so you can see that the development doesn't follow the logic of textbooks so we don't do research as a textbook we do research knowing that we are all lost and that's another piece of advice which is important so you look at yourself you look at your colleagues professors these incredible people are so smart that I could never be like them or something but the fact that we are doing science and we are doing research is because we are all lost even the top scientists, the top physicists and the top mathematicians we are all lost because if we knew everything nobody would be doing research so important thing is to realize that so in that sense we feel in good company that we don't understand many things so I think it's good also as a working style some people try to understand everything before doing something new and that's a big mistake so you have to start opening your own research line and learn in the mean time so you don't have to learn to know every single thing about a subject to be able to do research and then you learn on the way and that's probably the best way to learn because you are discovering it by yourself okay so I say my inspiring words so I hope that didn't bore you but I think it's good for all of you to think in the future and all the people can tell you some things that probably are good to listen and both then we go in different generations so I can ask Paolo to give his words of wisdom okay I have not many words of wisdom but I would like first of all to congratulate to the class of 2018 I think as I said it's the day in which you should be proud of yourself because at the end if you look back it was one year of intense work far from home you had to fight with the Bora wind with the people on the bus we had to get used to the food at the cafeteria so it was tough and I think it's always good to be able to feel at the same time that you are a genius and a disaster at the same time so I think it's a key to success to be in this quantum mechanical superposition of these two states and at least for today it's okay to be proud of yourself from tomorrow a new period of your life starts and so of course I wish good luck for this somebody will go to Europe somebody will go back somebody will go to US but I wish that you are going to find your way I mean it's not clear what it is in a sense it's different from each of us and I think there is a quote that I have from a fireman that nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deep enough and I think I wish you that whatever you want to do please go in it with your full strength so I'm sure that you will remember this period of ICDP because not only because of science but because of this wonderful community of people from different countries you will see when you are going to move in few days wherever you will go you will not find the same diversity of people around you so and this will remind you of ICDP so I also ask you to remain attached linked in some way to ICDP in one way or another because we also need your advertisement back in your home countries for the diploma and for the other activities of ICDP so ICDP as you know is built in such a way to help researchers not until a certain point but all along your career so I'm sure that you will come back as PhD students, as researchers so there are various ways to get attached and to come back and to use ICDP as to help your research so let me take this opportunity to thank Patrizia because she's the real coordinator of the diploma as you all know and I just want to thank you for coming because it was important for you but I think it's also very important for ICDP to have every year new batch of people new young faces, enthusiastic faces coming and bringing new life otherwise this would become a very boring place after a while so congratulations and good luck Thank you very much Paolo so we move to the next person another generation Stefan, do you want to come and say some words? Welcome Stefan Thank you, I feel always home when I come here so I want to share my story about not science success but about success in science communication how, why did I want to become a scientist? because if you ask to a priest an Imam or a pastor why did you become the man of God? he will tell you that I got the call of God it's exactly the same case for me or for some young student here I received the call of science so I was always animated of the free curiosity and the permanent ego to understand what is going around me and then it's not only sufficient to want to be a scientist you should find a way to become a scientist and in Africa and Latin America or Asia sometimes it's difficult to become a scientist there's no structure for that there's no interest in promoting science in less developed countries and because of a vision of a man who is of the salam a matrix was created to help the third world and this matrix is ICTP ICTP every year select around 40 matrix elements around the world and try to diagonalize them here in ICTP there are good accelerators you have Karim who always want to kick your back when I was a student here he was always saying be careful and we kick your ass, sorry and then you have also German Impulsion with people like Ralph who always say Maxine Dunkoff you see or people like Sandro Scandolo or Babilo who always say my son what are you doing here you are here only here for study so you only have to study the diploma, the matrix elements so the eigenvalue after the diagonalization shows always have very nice eigenstate at the end of the diploma you have the CISA state, Elektra state, Max Planck state in 2011 I was a Max Planck state so I moved to Germany I did my PhD in Max Planck Institute and then I realized the most important thing in my life I say come on what's happening I finally understood what Ralph was trying to explain to me over the years I'm sorry Ralph but when I was a student I didn't understand the meaning of a bandgap you see then when I had my PhD I understood the meaning of a bandgap I saw the bandgap between Europe, United States and the less developed countries and I decided to do something and I found the reason why there is such a gap and I checked with politicians in my country what's the reason for a politician in countries like Tamil for example why are they not promoting science and I found out that 30 years ago there was a meeting in Lagos where politicians gathered with scientists and they decided to devote 1% of the gross domestic product to science this plan has never been achieved in none of African countries only for example apart from let's say Kenya or South Africa who devote something like 0.8% of the gross domestic product to science no African country does the same so I said we have to move politicians we have to shake them how can we shake them I had the scientific approach when I was in ICGP I learned about phase transitions you see I decided that I have to participate to a phase transition in my country how should I do that if you want to do a phase transition you need the accurate temperature and pressure for that so I decided to create a thermal temperature right by moving shaking the head of everybody in the society with science right feeding people with science in their dreams on the street and so on so I achieved I tried to achieve the accurate temperature by going to the TV doing some TV shows and I hope that by doing that I will have the required pressure so we achieve the required pressure on the politicians so I believe that in a couple of years by doing science spreading action like science communication on the TV activities by the way I have a student who is now a musician he is the best musician of Cameroon and most of the time he is doing what they call science slab you know what they call science slab so he is singing about physics right I have many of them they sing about physics they make challenges and so on and so forth so I found that this was the way of motivating young people right through the music through the culture because the brokers that are doing Cameroon is not a I mean a very serious one I go where I have comedians I have musician I have star who has who have haircut like me strange haircut and then we try to make science the star among the star you see and the feedback is good because I was called once by one of the minister I don't want to say the name or some political leaders who told me that what do you want I say I just want you to respect the call of Lagos you see and then recently one of them went to Abidjan and he told apparently what he told me that he told to the Air of State that okay we have to do something with the the plan of Lagos so in Abuja two years ago in Abidjan two years ago is there was what they call the call of Abidjan so they try to remember the politician to give one person of the gross domestic product to science so I strongly believe that you people who are graduating today you should not just think about an excellent scientific career you should also think about being vectors of science spreading action it's not only by if you do excellent science this is perfect you see fortunately my supervisor is not here so for part of part of my time I try to leave science and do just communication films, movie and so on but my supervisor will not be happy to hear that but he's not here so you should also try to think about people that you left in your villages in your cities in Africa because they need motivation because if you have that critical mass of people who think about promoting science this will shake the politician and then maybe they will give more funding to science so I will finish by saying that I'm very grateful to all the people who are here in ICTP who has always been my support to Ralph to Misha who came to Cameroon to pick me from Cameroon thank you very much I also want to thank the Camerina television who sent somebody here who is Rodig Rodig can you raise your hand so this is the most important influential journalist in Cameroon so they decided to follow me in my fight and to give me everything so whenever I want to speak on the TV they are always there to do everything and then I think that if many people like me do the same thing it's I believe more important than sometimes training the people because in Africa they say bad say about Africans that if you want to hide something from an African put it in a book it's in part true because Africans do not want to read they like to listen it's because over the time the tradition in Cameroon in Africa was an oral tradition so the African is more happy when he hears things through the music through some debates on the TV then coming to the Marie Curie Library in ICTP and read 10 books per day like I was raising seven years ago so thank you very much thank you very much Stephanie it was very inspiring words actually thank you very much it was wonderful very good so now we will go to the business and so let me explain what will happen okay so let me see each of the coordinators of the diploma program will come with a microphone standing up there he will call the name of the student and mention the thesis subject and so then the student stands up everybody start clapping and then he comes here I give him the certificate and then take the photographs together here take the Robertus will be there taking the photograph we will also call the the supervisor or the corresponding thesis of the student so that they can post together for the photograph for the future and so we'll do that 32 times because there are 32 students but once you finish this that's not the end so you will see two ladies on this side and one lady on this side so if the students are going back in this way they will get a little bit of a back here as a present and it comes here you will have it here so is that understood so you can see okay Sabina Tiziana will give you if you go this way Patricia will give it if you come this way and then you come and sit and then we call the next one and that will be repeating for 32 times okay let's try okay so so we start with energy okay I think we start with we start with an exception already because the first student is Vasif Hamad from Bangladesh but he already left so do we clap for him let's clap the second high energy student is Helal Aldarak from Palestine so please his his thesis was about quark confinement and topology of gauge theories using instanton method and the supervisor was Narene okay you have to wait for clapping until I tell you we have Javier Caceros Velasquez from Guatemala his title of the thesis was path integral approach to axial anomaly in quantum field theory supervised by Narene again Gisreel Castillo from Philippines and his title was especially homogenous cosmologies in higher dimensions supervised by Merdad Mirbavalli Merdad is not around today then we have Esteban Chalboud Mogoyon from Venezuela the title of his thesis was a neutrino mass in the left-right symmetric model supervised by Goran Segnanovich okay then we have Hamed Elizaby from Egypt with the title magnetic monopoles and duality engage theories supervised by Edie Gava Hamed already left let's clap then we have Hazim Elishek from Sudan with the title grand unification and proton decay supervised by Goran Segnanovich and we have Guillermo Lara Delgado from Mexico his title was equasinormal paradox supervised by me and Vicharit Incharo Enrat I will never be able to pronounce Vicharit's name Jorge Martínez-Armas from Ecuador the title was a neutrino double beta decay a neutrino mass spectrum supervised by Alexey Smirnov Jorge already left from the for the US and last but not least we have Julian Ray from Venezuela the title is inflation squeeze limit of a tensor by spectrum supervised by Lorenzo Bordino and myself so now we proceed with condensed matter students and I would like to call Jesus Arauja from Colombia and the title thesis is directly behavior of doppelganger from first principles and supervisors Nicola Siriani and Emilio Poli Luis Colmenares from Venezuela and the title of thesis change interactions and spin ladders and the supervisor is Marcella Dalmonte and then let me call Philip Cruz from Philippines and the thesis title is many body localization dynamics in the lattice Schwinger model and the supervisor is Antonella Scardicchio and the next is Paola Delcampare from Guatemala and the thesis title is Abinicia a fully relativistic study of the ruthenium 001 surface electronic states and the supervisor is Natasha Stajic and the next is Yonez Diwane from Morocco and the thesis title is Quantum Ote Engine and supervisor is Rosario Fazzo who is not here today this is Muhammad Issa from Nigeria and the thesis is understanding force charge correlation in bulk water with the supervisors Ali Hassan Ali Alessandra Lio and Emilio Poli to ask you to applause for the supervisor and the thesis is Resilience of Strong-String Order in Out-Equilibrium Quantum Spin Chains and the supervisor is Marcella Dalmonte and then let me call Linda Mendondio from Cameroon and the title of the thesis is Density Fluctuations in the Lina John's Liquids and supervisors Ali Hassan Ali and Arsari like to call Anamsara from Pakistan and the thesis is titled Hybrid Density Functional Theory Based Study of Small-Hematide Clusters and the supervisor is Ralf Gibauer Good Afternoon so now we proceed with the E.R. System Physics students we're going to start with Amarek Hadisu from Ethiopia with our thesis on Impart of Cold and Hot Spot of Seasurfers Temperature on Cloud Radiative Rami Al-Shembari from Palestine with the thesis on Assessing the Effects of Frozen Surface Soil Layer on the Side in Response supervised by Parolay from OGS could you please Karim come in Parolay and Audia Next one is Gabriela Arias Mendez from Ecuador with the thesis on Ambient Noise Rayleigh Wave Tomography across the Calabric Arc supervised by Karim Audia and our PhD student Daniel Manumarfo Next one is with the thesis on Organization of Convection in the Tropics using Precipitation Observations supervised by Agent Tompkins Next one is Oebek Egan Berdiev from Uzbekistan with the thesis on the Effects of Analysticity on Seismic Waves Propagation supervised by Fabio Romanelli Next is James Ikuayolu from Nigeria but he is left already to start his PhD at Georgia Tech in the US He did a thesis on the Impart of Organization of Convection Investigativity supervised by Fred Kocharski and Agent Tompkins Next one is Ioannia Povea Pérez from Cuba with the thesis on Representation of the Atlantic Warm Pool in the Regional Couple Model RecCM supervised by myself Last but not least Florence Ramirez from the Philippines with the thesis on Tectonic Tremor Detection using a Single Station Frequency Scanning Approach Applications to Different Tectonic Sectings supervised by Karim Audia and Voin Good afternoon Now we come to Mathematics So the first student is Jean-Stefan Adria to Yoheri from Madagascar and so his topic was Congrant Number Problem and his advisor was supervisor was Fernando Villegas The next student is Amit Ashri from Egypt The title was Projective Embeddings of Algebraic Curves and he was supervised by me and by Victoria Cantoral Now we come to El Cidic El Cidic from Sudan His title was On the Geometry of Spaces of Constant Curvature and his supervisor was Claudia Retzel Now comes Now comes Shah Faisal from Pakistan The title was Ergotic Decomposition and he was supervised by Stefano Luzato who is not here today The next one is Sana Khadim from Pakistan The title was Intersection Theory of Plain Algebraic Curves and its applications and she was supervised by me and Victoria Cantoral Now comes Dominic Mills Howell from Jamaica The title was On the Geometry of the Health Rich Functional and the supervisor was Claudia Retzel The next student is Mubarak Muhammad from Nigeria and the title is Existence of Unique Physical Measure for Expending Maps on Compact Manifolds The supervisor is Stefano Luzato who is not here Now we have Hung An Nguyen from Vietnam The title was Nots and Algebraic Diagrams supervised by Giovanni Bellettini Now we have Blessing Only from Nigeria The title of her was The Theory of Sheaves supervised by me and Victoria Cantoral Last and not least we have Vahid Ulla from Pakistan The title was Topics on C-Star Algebras supervised by Giovanni Bellettini who is not here Ok, so congratulations to all of you I think you deserve very well very much what you got the diploma We're very pleased to to have finished this successful part of your career and but we are not finished So now we have every section has selected a special award for a student who had performed in a standing way and so we have a special award to give to or recognition to each of the students So should I call them or do you call them? Yes, sir Ok Ok, so for high energy Paolo will say that Ok José Guillermo Lara Delgado Candence Mehta it's Luis Colmenares for Earth System Physics Florence Ramirez for Mathematics it's LCD Ok So now is the next part we would like the students to say some words to inspire all of us So any volunteers? We would like to say some words from Mathematics? Anybody from Mathematics want to say something? Very good It's funny how things change Around this time last week I thought my thesis defense would be the last talk I gave at this place and yet here I am arguably slightly more anxious and a bit more uncertain than before yet this uncertainty feels all too familiar to the type of uncertainty I felt when first coming here Roughly a year ago we all arrived brimming with uncertainty about what to expect What would this place be like? Who would we meet? Do the only serve pizza and pasta? I vividly remember I vividly remember striking through the entrance of this very building only to be greeted by a variety of new faces and the accompanying medley of cultures, languages and ethnicities Perhaps the most striking feature upon first entering would be the right-most side of the central area where lies an image of Abdul Salam dressed under the credo Scientific thought and its creation are the common and shared heritage of mankind which should be indicative of what to expect here However, science wasn't our only shared heritage of sorts All of us came from a developing country rife with problems to contend with In two in months as the ice began to break it became clear that these commonalities became a sort of starting point for understanding one another In many ways the world began to seem like a much smaller place but I saw something more than just people linked together through the common thread of our struggles What I saw were people with the grit and determination to stay on the chosen path and the strength and stamina to ride over any rough patches This was a generation more united but educated and emotionally and psychologically prepared and equipped to meet the challenges of their time I suppose this through those experiences and interactions that the goal of ICTP became as clear as ever I felt privileged to profit from the past endeavour of others and great pride to contribute to the future with all just have started I have learned that together we can achieve extraordinary things and that seemingly intermountable problems can be overcome It is the friendships I made and the close ties that I've nurtured that have provided me to the fullest At this point it would be remiss not to mention that ICTP functions like a well-oiled machine because of the tireless efforts of everyone involved From the moment we arrived here we were greeted with great warmth and camaraderie Each and every aspect was carefully tailored to ensure that we had the most hospitable experience possible I'd like to single out Patricia and Sandra in particular whose meticulousness aided my cohort and asked more times than we can count Last but certainly not least I'd like to thank the guidance and support throughout the year being in contact with so many talented and able mathematicians has vastly widened my view of the world and especially this field But mostly I'd like to thank them for making us part of this larger community through their patience, support and instruction Finally I'd like to say thank you Thank you ICTP for providing this opportunity to meet and learn from so many interesting people Thank you for making us a part of your family and thank you for making us other volunteers say from Earth System Physics Good afternoon professors guests and my fellow diploma students Giving a speech is really hard the part of this diploma program Nonetheless I am honored to express my gratitude my thoughts and my feelings We have our own stories before coming here We have our own obstacles and struggles We have our own dreams small and big We have our own reasons Maybe selfish maybe not We have different cultures We have different perspectives We are rooted to different beliefs and religion Though we found ourselves in different groups to satisfy belongingness there is one thing that unite us that is that we are all diploma students We are selected according to certain standards and criteria That means that the mentors found potential in us and thought that we are good students Are we? I don't know Without fear we accepted the offer and came here with pride We are carrying the pride of our respective universities and countries and most of all we are bringing our dreams what we think we become Honestly I was really doubtful about coming here The stipend is quite small for a person like me who has a family to support However knowledge is priceless and of course being able to study here in Italy which is rich in culture is really a big opportunity that everyone should grab We all know that being a diploma student is not an easy task It entails a lot of suffering However we still find ways to rejoice amidst sufferings So thank you guys for rejoicing with me in whatever ways Right Nguyen? We are all human beings and thus we are vulnerable However our vulnerability is also our strength I believe that with all the struggles that we had encountered we became Brazilian which is a good attitude to possess Everyone may think that we are lucky because we are here in Europe and that we can travel provided of course that we have money to spend and of course the permit of stay I admit that this is one of my selfish reasons for coming here But we have to remember that we are students in this highly prestigious institute with great power comes great responsibility We are not superhero like Spider-Man but we are heroes in our own little way Knowledge is power So we should be responsible to impart what we have learned I have learned something from a very well-known preacher in the Philippines named Bo Sanchez He said that there are two preachers Sorry there are two teachers in life teacher triumph and teacher trial Apparently everyone tries to enroll in the class of teacher triumph because she is very delightful but no one wants to enroll in the class of teacher trial because she is very difficult Both are equally excellent teachers but we will learn so much more from teacher trial not because of the excellence of the teacher but because of the excellence of the student That is triumphs make us proud but trials make us humble and teachable If it happens that you will encounter mentors or people that would say you better sell bananas guys or any sharpest words that would cut you down just think that they are encouraging you to do your best Those people may be the teacher trials I would like to take this opportunity to thank all our professors Thank you for patiently teaching us and pushing us to do our best For the first month here I wanted to go back home Loneliness ate me alive because I was immersed in an unfamiliar place but I found comfort because I found a new family I found siblings from different parts of the world with varying perspectives and personalities siblings whom I can converse with any topics from educational to life matter siblings who are always my companions in a cafe or bar and siblings I discuss nonsense things with but willing to spend precious time with me I feel that I am traveling around the world because you share your culture and most importantly your food though sometimes it is difficult to express our thoughts because of language barrier we still manage to understand each other eventually few words are enough for us to communicate Friends Friends Friends Pante Toast Avocado Namana This is really hard I'm not sure if it's correct Amici Thank you so much Wherever your paths take you may your dreams come true Oh, I have a request Can you please say congrats you did a great job to the person on your right and also on your left Come on guys Congratulations to all of us Let new adventure begin but wait, it's not yet done To complete this speech I would like to request the other ESP students to come in front I believe that you have something to say maybe dramatic or whatever inspirational message just short Come on Rami I know that you prepared something Actually I agreed all together to give a speech here but they don't want so so first of all I would like to congratulate every one of us includes me so after this intensive year and it's not easy so and also I'm proud to say that ICTB make us different and make us more powerful in our fields and also I appreciate every single moment here on ICTB and I will always keep it in my mind so and finally I would take this chance to thank my family in Gaza Strip so thank my father and mother so I think my mother now watching me so thank my mother so if you find some Arabic comments so this is my mother don't worry so finally once again congratulations everyone and thanks ICTB thanks to my professors Thank you very much for both of you beautiful presentations and nice words from Energy Physics my name is Julian Ray I'm from Venezuela a few days ago I was asked to write a speech for the ceremony and for the past 48 hours I've been struggling to come up with something deep and insightful but last night at one in the morning I sat down with Guillermo and we started to remember some phone stories so instead of delivering a formal speech I'm just going to tell you some of my favorites I think an experience we all have in common is going through the nightmare about PhD applications after a while you learn the proper techniques you start by searching for positions online and filling out forms and after a few failed attempts you start to feel hopeless and the same questions start to show up every colloquium do you have any available positions? the final stage of desperation is sending mass emails begging for positions I was unfortunate enough to reach this stage and went to my thesis advisor Paolo Craminelli for help he gave me a list of places I might be interested in and I proceeded to contact every professor on the list I think every cosmologist in Europe received an email from me but when this also failed I went back to Paolo for advice and he told me just go through the list again we can all probably agree that ICTP has excellent facilities in fact I really believe that it has the best blackboards in all of Italy however it also has the worst talk and what's worse it's mixed with a good chalk so every time you pick a stick up there is a 50-50 chance that you're gonna get unlucky moreover throughout the entire first semester there wasn't any chalk in the classrooms the funniest thing about the whole incident was that there was no chalk because the person responsible for replacing it retired and there hadn't been a replacement yet it seems that ICTP crumbles without this mythical chalk master by the way the fact that I'm only complaining about the chalk should give you an idea of what a great place ICTP is now every section had their own perspective about the diploma and I would like to tell you how it fell from high energy it's a general consensus that the most difficult course was quantum field theory I would like to extend a special acknowledgement to Professor Saif Ranjibar who despite already being retired still found the time to come here every week and teach us the course however, I think it's still gonna be a few years before any of us actually understand renormalization the course was so difficult in fact that Guillermo had the excellent idea of asking for an extra tutorial every week now I'm sure he had good intentions because the idea was that we would split the discussion of the weekly homework into the two tutorials unfortunately what really happened was that we ended up getting two homeworks per week and we still haven't really forgiven him for that now armed with our knowledge in field theory we were ready to tackle the standard model course taught by Professor Goran but if quantum field theory was the most difficult course standard model certainly had the most difficult test it was so hard in fact that not a single question in the test was about the standard model it contained questions on the neutrino masses ground unification and even supersymmetry Professor Goran later confessed that the course should probably be renamed to beyond the standard model we also haven't forgiven Goran for this probably the best part of a diploma were the colloquia we got to meet people like Alan Guth Keith Thorn and even Steven Weinberg there is a joke about TV shows that says that no matter what the plot of the show is about or which jokes are made the Simpsons already did it now this is not surprising because the Simpsons have been running for about 30 seasons already I think the same logic applies to Weinberg it doesn't matter what ideas you have if you work in field theory, particle physics or cosmology Weinberg has already done it so his name comes up at least two or three times every lecture so you can imagine why meeting him was so exciting for us finally I want to talk about our life in Trieste there were great things like going to St. Pauli for an ice cream at midnight after a hard day of work but there were also terrible things such as dealing with Italian bureaucracy or the Bora in fact one of our best stories is about surviving the Bora during the coldest night of winter our friend Paola from Condense Matter was traveling and she asked us to pick her up at the station we stood in the cold rain for nearly an hour before realizing that her boss had already passed all of a sudden it started to snow we had no idea where she was and we were scared so we came back to the building to call her after two minutes in the hallway trying to contact her the building door opened and she came inside with her skin purple and soaking wet after this experience we were never afraid of the cold again to conclude I want to express our gratitude to ICTP for giving us the opportunity to be here and to our professors for helping us increase our understanding of the universe even if we still have a lot to learn I would also like to thank the most important part of the diploma the students thank you for opening up a small window into your cultures and for making this year special finally I want to send out a special thank you to Wasif one of the high energy students who has already left to Canada because he introduced us to the best food we had in Trieste which was surprisingly not Italian it was the butter chicken of an Indian restaurant in the center of the city I think every student in the diploma has already tried it by now thank you thank you very much we'll try that food this is Paula Hi my name is Paula del Compare and I'm from Guatemala I would like to say a few words on behalf of my classmates of condensed matter physics first I want to thank all of you for being here so I first will start with one small story about me well when I was about seven years I remember my mom look at me in my eyes and told me oh baby I'm pretty sure that you will leave Guatemala when you grow up and the only thing me and your dad can give you is your education remember that I will always support you and it was like that she used to take me from my town to Guatemala city and I run from the the math olympians and she encouraged me to study physics so it turns out that she was right now I'm in Italy specifically in ICTP talking to you so I don't think that the same year Paula will have never imagined to be here I just wanted to be a firefighter or veterinarian but life is crazy life is a journey that can take you anywhere but we're the only ones that can choose where we want to go so I chose to be a physicist and now I'm here so once one from Guatemala told me ICTP corridors are more cosmopolitan than the streets of London and now I totally agree well personally I really enjoy learning languages and ICTP counts with a diverse community here you can find literally people from any corner of the world I really like the idea that here I can speak English speak Spanish speak French speak Italian speak German so and even I learned some few words in Filipino like ba ba ba ba which means like we like to go and the answer was ba ba ba which means yeah I hope I said it right but the thing I like the most in ICTP is that despite we the fact we were born speaking different languages is that we can communicate through the language of science it's amazing to see that here borders vanish when it comes not only to cooperating to do high level science but also to meet amazing people and make friends here you will always find that smile or someone willing to help you whenever you would need it and in spite of being far away from your country or your family ICTP people make you feel at home and I had the opportunity of coming to ICTP not only because of the human resources it offers but also for all the physical resources like the Mason library we have here being in ICTP remind me why I decided to study physics and also inspire me to continue my career as a scientist ICTP gave me the opportunity of sharing the same classroom and corridors with students from around the world this year's content smarter section wouldn't be the same without Junes and his quantum information theory without Luis and his cats without Mohammed oh boy without Linda Philip from Philippines and her amazing food Edward the Colombian guy that doesn't like to dance salsa I was really disappointed disappointed when I met him and last year my Lebanese friend that ended saying gracias instead of grazie because the poor girl was always rounded by Spanish speakers so we had a tough year together starting from our daily from our daily exams in mathematical methods the infinite downwards from numerical methods the tricky and conceptual problems in EPS the complexity and beauty of many body physics rough trying to be the last happy person in the course of electronic structure and in biophysics when one of my classmates thought that the protein folding problem was indeed a pathological problem occurring to proteins but no, no, no, it was just a problem so I'm happy to have met all of you and I really admire you I have to confess that I have never met hardworking guys like you I hope that you and the other guys from the diploma will have a long and successful careers and that all you will contribute to the development of science and education in your countries as professor Abdul Salam Trimet but last and not least I would like to thank to the director all the coordinators and all the ICTP staff for working hard to make all this possible to my professors for the knowledge they shared with us and for the dedication they showed in every lecture to Patricia and Sandra for all the time they spent taking care of us to my supervisor Natasha for not only supporting me academically but also for even taking me out for swimming and to all my friends from the diploma and from Christie for all the anecdotes and good moments we spent together and finally thanks to ICTP, thank you Thank you very much Paolo it was very inspiring I can see students are better speakers than the director very good so anybody else wants to say some words that are totally spontaneous so I think many things have been said very pleased to have this excellent group of students many things that you said I think I touched very much into what ICTP is so you came here to learn science, you came here to learn physics but you came here to learn about each other and about the world itself and I think that's part of our mission and it allows you to this world of many different ways of thinking ways of behaving but united by as you say united by science I always emphasize that the most important resources that any country can have are the human resources and you are examples for each of your countries to be contributing to your country and to the whole world whatever you do in the rest of your lives so before we finish the I just you are the stars today there is something students who graduated also there are these from the spirit of Salam which I think is a wonderful combination I like to have because you can see the end result and then the beginning so you can see that the two things you can see are inspired by the awardees because they have been showing that they have contributed to the developing of science in the spirit of the spirit of ICDP and the spirit of all of us here and we are only showing a few phases here but actually I was provided the list of the people who contributed to the diploma course and I was surprised I started counting it's almost 100 lectures secretaries people who support you on anything and for every single section supervisors and so on so there are many people involved for this diploma to develop and to make it successful we'll take care of the chalk don't worry at some point but I'm glad that you enjoy your time here and you have this year has been very much important for the rest of your life and so before we finish I would like to ask everybody since we are a community everybody to come down and then we have a photograph of all the students with all of us with everybody who's attending here and it will be a big challenge for Roberto to be able to pick everybody else so let's all together thank each other for this wonderful ceremony and then it brings them all down


But he did realize after, all right. So LeBron James is Sam Amick. This is on the roster plans. Y'all know what the F should be happening. This is the thing though, because then Sam had the whole article and here's his wording more here on his waning patience and how his greatness is forcing the conversation. So of course LeBron takes to Twitter to clarify that. Hey Sam, actually my patience isn't waning. You make it sound like I'm frustrated when I'm really not. I told you over and over, my job is focused on the guys in the locker room. My job isn't the roster. No, we'll get to that. Shams, the realities of the Lakers and what they have as far as trade options is what? We've been talking about the trade front with the Lakers like every single day. I think the reality has been the reality which we've spoken about over the last several weeks. They only have two first round picks that are eligible to be traded as of right now for the rest of the decade. Now they're gonna have more picks open up as the years go on, but right now they have two first round assets and their position, and I think one that other teams have felt is one of being cautious with those picks and really being careful in terms of deciding what trade they wanna make. You don't wanna burn those picks. The few valuable assets that you have, you don't wanna burn them on a trade that's barely gonna move the needle, especially with the uncertainty of Anthony Davis' health status. When exactly he's gonna be back? I do think he's making a level of progress. They're still not sure when exactly it'll be. We're already nearing the mid month period that's gonna mark the one month mark of his absence. As we spoke about, it could be even longer than that when he comes back, but I don't think there's an expectation that the Lakers are going to do much that's of significance in this trade market just because of the uncertainty of the season because you don't wanna burn those picks and it's not gonna move the needle for where you're really expecting to go. I do think there are people on this roster that do understand that predicament this team is in. Not a great predicament at all Eddie. So as far as the influence that LeBron has on this roster and the building of this roster, how much does he have? I mean, look, it's been widely reported. They call him LeGM for a reason. They, he called himself that jokingly. Like he, we understand the implication. We understand the idea that if we make a big move, we're gonna talk to LeBron. This is a partnership. The Lakers have called it that over and over and over since they've signed him Magic Johnson at his house at midnight on the deadline day. Like, let's be honest. And so that's what I don't understand about these quotes here. And it's just about LeBron in general. There's a little bit of a lack of accountability here. It's been widely reported that him and AD are the ones who pushed for Russell Westbrook and that trade that has essentially gutted the rest of their future assets and put them in a weird place. You can play all that for Anthony Davis and you eventually get a title, but then to break up that gang to get Russ, a little bit of looking in the mirror there as well for LeBron and for AD, the reports are true. The thing I don't understand about this and then the recant later is, yo, you did say this. Like, it doesn't matter how we read that, what's own. Yo, you saying mid-five game streak, we know what we need to do with this roster, cussword, cussword, whatever, that's clear. There's no mixing that up.  However you said it, you're telling the world and your general manager that yo, something needs to happen.  So it's, you know, look, there's a lot going on here. And the fact that you said this after the fifth game and a fifth five game win streak is hilarious. So when you run the Twitter to then clarify what you said, you know you stepped in it and look, it is what it is. This is LeBron, this is a LeBron experience. He can't be traded this year and we're already talking about him. Can he be traded this summer? Will he be traded? Will he ask out, what is he going to do? Who knows? It's LeBron. You got to do what LeBron says or you got to send them to Brooklyn maybe and let them win a title there. Oh God, you want that? Hey, wait, you would want that? Hold on. Yeah, I like the idea of point four LeBron with Kyrie, KD, big clags and playing defense. I can see it. Look at Charlie's nodding. He can see. I is nodding. He can see the remnants of that team. Anyways, is he nodding good or bad? I can't tell. He can tell you guys something. First of all, LeBron would be unbelievable on the net. When I was the second and third year player in Houston, I had juice with Daryl Maury. They would ask players, top one, top two, top three players, do you like this guy? Do you think he meshed well? Same thing happened then in Dallas with Cuban and with Carl out. I had juice. If you don't think for a second, LeBron James has. At least going bouncing ideas off him. And that's what's so confusing to me is, is he frustrated? Yes, he should be. He's having an unbelievable season. He's not getting much help. But if you think that he didn't okay these moves in the off season to put them in this situation, you're out of your goddamn mind. Rich Paul controls that team. LeBron James controls Rich Paul. There is no way that he wasn't okay with these moves. And yeah, they're not working out and the team's probably gonna miss the playoffs. And that's a tough break. But to sit here and say this and act like you're clueless about the team and the design of the team, that's not, that can't be true. Because if Chandler Parsons got access and juice with the GMs and the owners when he was playing, LeBron James definitely does. So it's frustrating for him. They're losing, the team's not working, but it's hard for me to believe that he didn't okay these moves in this off season. So that's the problem, right? For those of us who do not care for LeBron James antics, this is a very prime, passive aggressive example of why we get so irritated. It's cause on the one hand, we know how things went down or we know how big a role you had. And by the way, I don't argue with that. If I have LeBron James on my team, I'm 100% going to him about everything, right? But I can't have you with the same breath, turn around and then feign stupidity as far as like, I don't really know what's going on back here. Like that's the problem. I don't, you can't do both.  So that's where it gets a little confusing and it's obvious that LeBron James is the best player probably of all time. Why wouldn't they ask him? Why wouldn't it get his blessing? Why wouldn't they say, would you want to play with this guy? You have to make him happy. You have to make Joellen Mead happy and Philly. I guarantee you there's not a trade this deadline. Well, it doesn't okay. That's just how it works. No doubt LeBron. I love LeBron. I think he's the goat.  He knows what that court means. Of course he does. He knows what it means when he sits down with the other network and has to sit down with them on a night they don't even have a game. I don't know why he's sitting down talking to them having a one-on-one. But whatever, he knows exactly what he's doing. This is LeBron, like the basketball IQs out the chart. He has an agency and kept it all above ground because somehow it makes sense. It's cool. I love LeBron. He's running the game. He's running the team. He knows exactly what he's doing and how to do it. And if he's playing his passive aggressive, don't fit out, fit in game and whatever. He's done it before. Trust me, that team is made in the image of LeBron. I'm talking if they want to wear blue uniforms tomorrow and he wants to wear purple. What color do you think the Lakers will be wearing when they try down on that court? It just is what it is. So LeBron is hilarious. I get what he's doing. I guess he's putting public pressure on Rob Polinka to make some move. I don't know what that move is. Like Shyam's already said himself. I don't know what he's expecting. I would hold my breath. I would not hold my breath on a Lakers move. But listen, this is my thing. It's like you ask any player in the NBA, especially a top player, of course they're gonna say I want moves made. Like, yeah, I guess you caught LeBron in this moment. But like you ask any of these top players, whoever it is, yeah, of course you want upgrades made to the team. But again, the reality of this situation, and I'm here only for the reality, is that there's not, as of right now, the Lakers aren't in the marketplace to make a significant trade because of those two first round picks, the uncertainty about anti-Davis health status. And just that star player isn't available on the marketplace. And they're not just gonna make moves on the margins for a team that even if you add a player like that, you don't know where you're going. So that's the reality situation. That's all you know I'm gonna speak on. And you know that we're gonna get a lot more passive aggression, and it's gonna be awesome. And we're here for every single bit of it. I'll take a quick break when we come back. Shams has the latest on the dunk contest. And speaking of dunks, the latest addition of that man has a family when run it back for turns.


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Sifo and the Green Belt movement have been working in Mau Forest and Mount Elgon Forest complex with community associations that have been managing forests and water. They worked with Rua and CFA in strengthening the governance of these resources as joint resources rather than separate resources. In the Rift Valley part of Kenya, most communities are known to be very patriarchal. Sifo and its partners worked in the Mau Forest complex specifically in Londiani and Itari Forest where they built the capacities of Rua and CFA on gender integration in forest and water management. In the gender integration on forest and water management capacity building, training was conducted on both Rua and CFA. The Green Belt movement took lead in this training. Trainer of trainers also known as TOTs were trained who later trained the other community members. Among the TOTs were Jacqueline Chalangat and the Assistant Chief of Sotit Sublocation, Philip Chalule, who is also the Secretary of the Itare Chemosit Rua. CFA was a hostage to Moku Town. As we trained, we were able to return to the surrounding area. We trained and we decided to retrain and then we sent for training in the Sotit area, kept him away from the forest and then we went ahead to the forest. There are some perspectives kwenyana wana kana ikas desi yawana wake in yawana ume Nili kuja ni kamaumbia bibi hangu kamaumbia sasa nimi kwa responsible kwa kila kitu kwa inyomba Na ii chahi minataka ni kwa chi Kachari puma raya kwanza Tenganesa chahi Kayendelea kwa wana kumbe kuna kilo ina kuja kuil Tukansa kutaku pula mukata Kutu kafura hii asana Nikiwa wana Akipewa responsibility anafanya Women have got responsibilities to play You must see kama calentin Wana umendu wana nasi mamia kila kitu And then kasi ako ni kupiga inyomba ni But when I was given time like alini patia ni suma mi matani chahi Ma li pali nili yawana Beleni nili shuri Lakin ni, as time course nili yawana Ina enda vezuri So most of the time vilali kwa nasi mamia Labdaku lukwana Shoteja something lukwani mkudze baka rudi Lakin nisa hezi kazi nira hezi Kenye lini futia Most of the time alikwana toka Ana enda kwa hezi meeting Teapineltini most of the meeting And then te time ni ka Atami ni ka hezi nifunzwe Te time alikwana rudi Nika mi atami Nata kwa kuskiya iyali Kuskiya ilikwani mamia bumazuri As the Tiotis were doing their work They were faced with a few challenges Jacqueline for example Would not be allowed to talk In some sessions because she was a woman In some scenarios She was beaten by the community members She has since reported an assault case With the police She is following this up So that her incidents Doesn't create a trend Where female gender activists are assaulted Nili jadubu mundi sa weyengini Wanata ka fita Baka weyengini wa kani pika Wa sababu nili ambiya Tuto e blukam wachemi Chemia machi Though there is progress in gender awareness It is clear that more work needs to be done In particular There is need to safeguard against Any hostilities and personal risks That women trainers of trainers face There is also need to cultivate More male champions of women's empowerment Such as assistant chief Philip Celule