Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor Education. If you have not spent time before watching this lecture on these problems, which I'm going to present to you, construction problems, just pause right now, go back to the website Unizor.com, go to the geometry circles, find that particular lecture notes contain all these problems, and try to do it yourself first.  If it works immediately without any problems, great. Then just, you know, wish my lecture just to make sure that you're right. If you cannot solve the problem, try to spend at least half an hour to an hour before giving it up. So it's very, very important because the purpose of the whole course of these lectures and exercises, etc., is to teach you to think creatively, to analytically approach the problem, and to solve problems, basically. Again, the purpose is to solve problems, not to find out what kind of theorems exist and the proportions and the properties, etc., etc. Solving problems is the goal. So try to do it yourself first before you listen to me. Now, without further ado, let me just go through these construction problems and I will present my solutions, not necessarily the best ones, but that's what I came up with. By the way, some of them might be a little bit more difficult. Quite honestly, I had spent some time actually solving these problems myself. Some of them were quick, some of them were not. So it requires thinking and spending time. That's what actually you will achieve by doing this thing. The creative mind needs exercise, right? So that's what it is about. Okay, find the point on a given line, such that the given segment is viewed from this point at a given angle. So you have a line and you have some kind of a segment. And you have an angle. So you have to find a point from which this segment is viewed at this particular angle. Okay, it's actually a very easy task. But to solve it, I think I would like to introduce some general concept first, which will be used in some other problems as well. So the problem is, find a locus of all points from which a given segment is viewed at a given angle. Now, if you have a segment and you have certain angle like this one, and let's say this is a point from which this particular segment is viewed at this angle, and this is also a point from which the same segment is viewed. And this one. Now, you know that all angles inscribed into a circle are actually congruent to each other if they are supported by the same arc. So if I will have one particular point and then I have these three points, this is triangle, so I will circumvent it with a circle, so it will be something like this. Then all inscribed angles, which are supported by the same arc, which is this one, would have the same measure. So these are congruent angles, because each one of them is measured by half of the central angle, which is supported by the same arc. Now, obviously, this represents a locus of all points which have the property of having this angle congruent to this one. Now, why a point which is not lying on this circle would not have this angle congruent to this one? Well, let's take this one outside. Now, as you know from one of the lectures, one of the theorems that this angle actually is measured as half a sum of this central angle which is supported by this arc and by this arc, because it cuts two different arcs from the same circle. And the theory is that if the point is outside of a circle, then this angle is measured as half the sum of the corresponding central angles which are supported by this arc and this arc. So it's definitely greater. Actually, in this case it's half of the difference, but in case it's inside, then it's half of the sum. So it's either the angle will be smaller than half of the central angle supported by this arc in case the point is outside, because there is a difference between this arc and this arc, or it will be greater, because there is a sum of this same arc and this arc. So basically, the answer to this problem is the locus of all points from which a given segment is viewed at a given angle is a circle. Well, more precisely, part of the circle, an arc of the circle. And all these points have this property. Now, you can definitely point out another arc in another circle which is symmetrical to this one. If it's symmetrical relative to this line, obviously this arc is exactly the same as this arc and all these angles also will be congruent to this one. So the locus is actually two arcs. Now, how to build these arcs? Well, very simply, take one particular triangle which has this particular segment as a base and an angle at the top congruent to this one. For instance, a right triangle. You can always build the right triangle with this angle at the top and this casualties equal to a given segment. So having these elements, the segment and the segment in an angle, you build the triangle and then you can just do a circle around it and you can build a symmetrical triangle actually this way and have another circle. So basically what I would like to say is that the problem of constructing a locus of points from which a given segment is viewed at a given angle is solved by this. And I will consider this as given and I will use this particular construction as given. So whenever I'm saying something like, okay, let's construct a locus of points from which this particular segment is viewed at this particular angle, that's exactly the technique which I'm going to use. Now, back to our problem. Well, our problem now is solved very easily because if I would like to find a point on that line from which a given segment is viewed at a given angle, all I have to do is let's construct a locus of all points from which this particular segment is viewed at this particular angle. Now, this will look like something like this maybe and if this line has any intersection with one of these two arcs, that's the solution. So in this case, I have two solutions, this and this. Well, again, depending on where the line is and what the angle is and what the segment is, there might be no solutions at all. Might be one solution if the line is tangent to these things or, well, for instance, line can be tangent to both of these so it will be this angle and this angle. So also two solutions. So it all depends on their mutual correspondence and location and sizes, et cetera. But anyway, this is the way. You construct the locus of all points from which that given segment is viewed at a given angle and if there are any intersections with this line, these are your answers. Now, in the future, I will not actually go into the details about how to construct the locus of points from which a segment is viewed at a certain angle. I'll just use it. Okay, next. Construct a triangle by a side. So you have a side. Let's say AC is given. Opposite angle, which is this one. This is angle ABC. It's also given. And an altitude falling onto this side from an opposite vertex. And this BD is also given. So that's what's given. The base, the altitude, and the angle at the top. Well, immediately what should we do? Obviously, build the locus, construct the locus of all points which this given segment is viewed at this particular angle. Now, that would be something like this and this. Right? Now, we have to find a point B on this or this arc with the distance BD actually given. How to do it? Well, from this line, AC, draw a parallel line at the distance equal to BD. Now, wherever this line crosses the circles, you have solutions. So you have, in this case, one solution, another solution, third solution, and fourth solution. So you have four different triangles. All of them have the same altitude because it's the distance between two parallel lines. The same angle because these and these points all lie on the locus of points from which the given segment is viewed at given angle. So that's the solution. What was important here to gain is the method of construction is to have one locus and then another locus. And then wherever they intersect, that's what we actually need. The first locus was all the points from which a given segment is viewed at a given angle. Another locus is all the points of the vertices of the triangles with the given altitude. So on the intersection of these two, you have all the solutions. And solutions can be, well, numerous actually, right? It can be no solutions, maybe the altitude is too big or it can be two solutions on both sides or it can be four solutions. I don't think there is a three or one solution. Yeah, that's right. It's either no solutions or two solutions if vertices are, if altitude is equal to the distance to the farther part of the circle. Or no solutions, yeah. Zero, two or four solutions, right? Okay. Given the circle and a sector in it, bordered by two radiuses and an arc, construct a tangent to an arc, construct a tangent to an arc such that these radiuses, the continuation of these radiuses, cut the segment of a given length. So mn is a given segment, basically, the lengths of the mn. And the sector is given. And now we have to construct such a tangent which has this segment mn having a given length. All right, actually this problem is exactly the same as the previous one. Why? Because if you will draw radius to this point, think about the triangle mon. What do we have in this triangle? What's given, basically, or what we can determine? Obviously, the base, which is mn. Obviously, the angle, which is given, that's the sector, which is given. And the altitude, which is the radius, right? Remember that the radius to the point of tangency is perpendicular to the tangent line. So this is an altitude. Okay is altitude in the triangle of mn. So, basically, the whole problem is to build a triangle which we have this base. We have the angle, and we have an altitude from this vertex to the base, which is the same as the previous one. So we built that triangle, and all we need is just position it in this exact place where our sector is located. So if you build this triangle somewhere else, whatever the triangle is, mn, o, you just take the om and put it on this radius and take om and put it on this radius. And these are two points which you are looking for. So that's basically the same as the previous, just formulate it a little bit differently. Just to confuse us. Obviously. Construct a triangle by a side, opposite angle. You have a side, a c. You have opposite angle, which is angle a b c. And a median falling onto this side from an opposite vertex. Median. Seems to be easy as well. So what do we do first? Since we have a segment, a c, and an angle at the top, first what we do, we draw a locus of all points from which this particular segment is viewed at this particular angle. So this is the locus of points. Right? That's what we have to do first. Now, we do have this median b d. Now, where are the locus of all points b, such that triangle a b c has a median equal to a given locus b d? Well, you put a compass in the middle of a c, and using this radius, you basically draw a circle. And wherever this new circle intersects two previous arcs, that's actually the points which have both properties. Number one, this angle is given. And number two, the distance from the b to d is exactly the segment which we need. Since d is chosen as a middle of a c, that's the median. So that's basically the construction. A couple of arcs first, using the locus of the points from which a segment is viewed at a given angle. And then another circle from the middle of the a c with a given radius. And all the intersections, wherever the intersections are, can be one or two or whatever. Probably one cannot be. Now, one cannot be. So it's either two or four. Yeah, two or four. All right, next. Given two segments on a plane by lengths and positions. So we have lengths and positions of two segments. Find a point on a plane such that the first segment is visible from this point at one given angle. So you have this angle given and you have this angle given. So you have these two segments and you have two angles. So you have to find the point from which this segment is viewed at this angle and this segment is viewed at this angle. Well, again, that's actually the simplest thing of all. Because first you do the locus of all points from which this particular segment is viewed at this particular angle and you will get something like this and this. And then based on this angle you construct the locus of points. This particular segment is viewed at this angle. So it will be something like this. This and this. Now, wherever these four arcs you have wherever they intersect each other these are the points which combine both properties. One segment is viewed at one angle and another segment is viewed at another angle. So that's your construction. By the way, if you have noticed I'm kind of doing two things together. First I'm analyzing the problem and then I'm constructing. So analyzing I mean that I know that this point is supposed to belong to two locuses. Now the construction itself is okay, draw the first locus, draw the second locus and then choose the intersection point. And it's always like this. First you analyze the problem and then once you've done that you propose a solution. Okay, find a point inside a triangle such that all three its sides are visible from this point at equal angles. Okay, now we have three different segments combined into a triangle and what we need is to find a point inside that all three angles are supposed to be the same congruent to each other. Well, if they are congruent to each other it means that each one of them is equal to obviously 120 degrees, right? Each one of them. Because the whole thing is 360. Now, knowing that the solution is obvious you build the locus of points from which this particular segment is viewed at an angle of 120 degrees which is this arc. And then same thing for this segment which is this arc and wherever these arcs intersect each other that's the point from which this segment is 120. And this segment is viewed at 120 which remains actually this segment also to be equal to 120 because the whole sum is supposed to be 360. Notice that all these problems which I am just talking about they are all based on the same approach. If you have a segment and an angle this segment is supposed to be viewed from some point. First you build the locus of all points from which this segment is viewed at this angle. That's what I have started the whole lecture with. Next. Construct a triangle by an angle at some vertex and originating from this vertex medium and altitude. So you have triangle you have altitude and medium. So what you have is you have angle A, B, C you have an altitude B, D and you have medium B, E. This is the right angle. And A, E is equal to B, C obviously because B, E is immediate. And you have this angle. Actually, this is the problem which I have spent a little bit more time thinking about. And it's not solved in one shot. This is the first step which I am making and everything is obvious. I have to do certain additional construction before even I start analyzing the problem. The question is what this construction is supposed to be. How can I help myself? Now, my first thought was look at the triangle B, G, E. Now, we know the catatous B, G and the hypotenuse B, E which means we can actually construct it. So, okay, having these two elements I can construct this triangle somewhere. Okay, fine, that's done. This is B, G, E. Okay, now I know that A and C are somewhere here on this line. So, I have to find a point C and on equal distance from E on this side it will be A such that this angle is equal to the given. And I don't know really how to do it quite frankly. Now, if instead of this angle I was given this angle then I can do it very simply. That's the beginning of giving how I have started thinking about this problem. It's not this angle which kind of makes the whole thing easy. It's this angle because if this angle is given that means that B, G, E the D, B, C is 90 degrees minus this angle so I know this angle so all I do is after I constructed the triangle B, G, E I just draw a line at this angle and that's it at 90 degrees minus whatever is given but this is not given angle so I can't really do this but something actually triggered in my mind that I have to like shift something from this angle to some other angle and here's what I have come up with let's oops, sorry my medium at the same lengths here so B, E and E, M are congruent segments now think about A, B, C, M this is parallelogram why? because these are two diagonals which are dividing each other in the middle in the midpoint let's call the theorem about this so this is a parallelogram well if this is parallelogram then what we have is obviously we have this angle equal to this angle I mean not equal sorry 100 h-degree minus this angle so if this one is given then this one is 100 h-degree minus this one so we know it knowing this angle we know this angle now what do we know we know B, M because it's twice the B, E and that's why using just analysis I can say that point C is supposed to be on the locus of all points from which this segment B, M is viewed at this particular angle which I have calculated in some kind of circle here on which all the different points C are like and knowing this line I have intersection between the circle and the line so now how can I construct the whole thing now using this analysis now let me wipe it out analysis is finished and let's just go to construction so first using B, G and B, E I am constructing the right triangle B, B, E now knowing angle A, B, C I am calculating angle B, C, M equal to 100 h-degree minus angle A, B, C now so I have this angle now B, E I continue gauging the point M and using a segment B, M and this angle I am constructing an arc where all angles where all points from which B, M is viewed at this particular angle are located and the intersection between this arc and the continuation of D, E gives me the point C now having the point C going to the left from the E by the same distance well it's supposed to be a little bit differently on my drawing it's supposed to be a little further somewhere there so having this distance on this side and that's where I get point A and that's my frame now point C is chosen as intersection between the line where it's supposed to be and the circle from which the extended double median is viewed at this particular calculated angle and that's the end of the construction so again I actually did give it a thought I was thinking about this problem for some time and it's not like you know, automatically the solution however, I would like actually to point out the more problems you solve the more approaches you kind of develop to certain situations so you know that in a similar situation you acted this way to help you now if we are talking about medians in many cases solutions are related to extending median to the same lengths and converting a triangle into parallelogram so if you have a triangle and a median in many cases you just double the median and have this parallelogram and something might actually come up as a solution using elements of this parallelogram it's again, it's something which is developed with experience and the more problems you solve the more standard approaches you might develop okay construct a triangle by a side an angle with side forms with another side so you have a side AC an angle BAC and and an angle on the third side is made, makes with a median dropped from the angle okay, so you have a median here and you have this angle AC so you have these elements alright well obviously if you have AC and you have an angle you can start from this this is your AC and this is your line where the point B is supposed to be now, how to find point B well let's just think about it now if I draw a line parallel to AB this would be the middle point since these are congruent segments these will also be if these lines are parallel alright so since I know the line AB I know the line EG because these angles are the same BAC and CEC are the same angle so from the middle of AC I can construct another line which is parallel to this and now again I'm using the fact that since I have this angle and I have a segment AC I can always construct an arc where all the different points from which AC is viewed at given are located so here if I will do this arc the crossing would be my D and this would be my point B so that's the construction this angle is equal to given because it lies on this arc where all the points from which AC is viewed at this angle and now since these lines are parallel and these segments are congruent because I chose midpoint of AC that's why these two also would be equal which means a D would be immediate construct a parallelogram with two diagonals and one angle so you have a parallelogram you have two diagonals and let's say this angle ABCD so you have AC you have BD and angle B these three elements alright this is actually easy because again you start from BD as a segment which is given you draw a locus of points from which BD is viewed at this angle so that would be some kind of an arc right now diagonals in the parallelogram are intersecting in the middle which means if you divide AC in half and take this particular radius from the middle and using this radius you draw a circle wherever it crossing our locus of points from which BD is actually viewed at this particular angle you get the proper angle right so this is your angle and since the AM is equal to half of AC this is your parallelogram so again BD is given you draw an arc where all the different As are supposed to be located and at the same time since AM is basically half of AC centering at the midpoint of BDM you can draw another circle of this radius and wherever the circles are intersecting this is the point A the last one you have to triangle by side opposite angle and sum or difference of two other sides ok so you have ABC you have AC you have opposite angle and let's say start from the sum AB plus BC well whenever you have a sum obviously you have to basically continue that thing so BD is congruent to BC alright AC is given so angle B is given ABC which means you can calculate this angle which is 180 minus ABC and then considering these two segments are congruent these angles are congruent so knowing this angle you calculate this angle which is 180 minus this and then you calculate these which are actually half of this or another one this is exterior angle and these are two interior which are supposed to sum up to this one but since they are equal to half of this so you know this side because this is the sum of AB plus BC and you know this side and you know an angle at the top so you can construct this thing starting from AD which is equal to the sum then having this line at this particular angle which is half of the ABC half of this angle and then having AC as a radius just draw a circle and it will cross into different places alright so each one of them can be point C for C prime to have your point B all you have to do is this is point D all you have to do is draw a perpendicular bisector of CG now this is equal to this so this is point B so either ABC would be your triangle because this angle obviously would be twice as big as this one and the sum of these two would be equal to AD so everything seems to be fine now this solution would be as good as well now this is sum now what if the difference instead of a sum basically it's practically the same thing so you have a difference so you have ABC since it's a difference instead of going that way and extending AB we go this way and put the point G here so that BG is equal to BC we know AD and we know this angle why? because since we know this angle ABC and DBC is isosceles triangle these triangles are congruent to each other so basically we know these angles which is a 100-degree minus given angle and divided in half and that's why we know this angle which is a 100-degree line is this one and now the situation is exactly the same as in the previous case you know AD you know an angle and you know AC so you do this first this is your AD then at an angle which you have calculated you draw a line and then using AC as a radius you draw a B now to get to the B you draw this and you draw a perpendicular bisector to CG since it's isosceles triangle right? DBC and that's where your point B is okay that's it construction problems are very interesting and primarily because you have to really think about what additional drawing I have to I have to do to make my life easier so it's very important that you let me repeat myself solve these problems yourself now even if you could not solve it yourself and you just listen to me after you have finished go back to the website unizor.com go back to this lecture to the notes of this lecture which contains all these problems and try to solve them yourself again and remember the technique so next time it will be easier and parents and supervisors and teachers please use the unizor.com to control educational process of your students because you can enroll students they can go through exams and you can examine basically their scores and you can mark a particular course as completed or not completed ask them to repeat it until the score will be perfect that's it for today


Thank you very much, everyone. So again, my name is Leo Martinez. I'm the director of product management at Ferro overseeing our laser scanning products and software. And over the past year, Ferro has been extremely busy, including the acquiring the GeoSlam, the maker of slam-based products. And today at Intergeo, we're very pleased to announce a whole variety of new products that we believe will bring a new level of productivity and efficiency to our customers, while also enhancing the data that they can get out of their solutions. And when I say several products, I mean several products. We are really bringing in new products that complete our entire portfolio, providing customers not only the high accuracy solutions that you're familiar with from Ferro, but also introducing new very high speed acquisition solutions, which we call the Ferro Orbis, which we'll talk about in a lot of detail. And that Ferro Orbis is really powered by the GeoSlam technology. And that's very important to us, not only because obviously we purchased them, but also because the GeoSlam has over a decade of experience in slam algorithms that we are now using to power those devices. And we didn't just take what GeoSlam has done and put it into a new case. We've also taken their experience with the mobile scanning technologies and combined them with our experience in tertiary laser or terrestrial laser scanners, rather, to create actually a new workflow that people wouldn't be familiar with. And on that note, we're also introducing the flash technology alongside the Ferro Orbis, which we'll talk about in more detail. But what that really allows you to do is to merge the worlds of mobile scanning and terrestrial laser scanning into a single product. So you're not with the high accuracy or the very high speeds of the mobile solutions. You're actually right there in the middle. And that flash technology provides this meeting point of efficiency and accuracy for our customers. Alongside this, we're also introducing a new improvement to our Hollabilder tool. Hollabilder tool, you used to walk through, take individual images that would be stitched together through slam. We're now introducing the video mode. And what that allows you to do is actually just walk your job site, taking images continuously, and that are then processed using a combination of visual slam and photogrammetry for very effective trajectory tracking and high quality imaging in one tool. But one of our most important things is all of these technologies work with SphereXG, our updated cloud processing platform, which allows you to merge the data from mobile technologies, from terrestrial laser scanners, from photogrammetry, all into a single location to serve as your single point of truth for all stakeholders on all of your projects. Now, I mentioned already the Orbis hybrid scanner. What the Orbis hybrid scanner really brings to customers, the number one thing is productivity. We all know with terrestrial laser scanners, you have to take multiple scans in different locations. If you have lots of occlusions, you have to do even more scans, which takes time, takes a lot of planning as well to move between those different locations. Now, with the Orbis, you don't have that same level of planning. You walk where you want it, where you want to get data. If there's an occlusion from where you're standing, you walk around it, and as you're walking, you're continuously capturing data. And really, our customers see the SLAM technology as providing a 10 times improvement in the capture speed of their on-site conditions. And with the Orbis, we've also actually improved the quality of that data beyond what was previously possible with the GeoSlam, and we've doubled the data rate on that as well. So we're getting more data, higher quality data, and in less time. In addition, we mentioned this, but you can now kind of complete both types of skating workflows in one device. You can do the SLAM, walk everywhere you want, scan all the data you want. But now, while you're walking through the job site, anywhere you want more data, more density, more accuracy, you pause with the device for just 15 seconds and you capture what's called the flash scan. That flash scan basically mimics a terrestrial laser scanner. Higher density, higher quality of imaging, higher accuracy. And then the each of these individual flash scans is already pre-registered. And it's up to you. So you don't have to plan it out with all flash scans in mind. As you're walking through the job site, you can think through, oh, I need more detail here. I have lots of very fine requirements here. I really want this to be very accurate. I'm going to stop and take a flash scan very quickly. And we also now offer both cloud and offline processing methods. But rather than just giving you the processing tools and letting you create all sorts of different parameters to control that SLAM algorithm, that is absolutely still there. But we have the very strong SLAM algorithms. And now, with this new technology, we offer a one-click processing using default settings, using a default workspace.  And we offer that in offline or cloud processing tools. And with all of this together, our customers have really seen the ability to really reduce the overall cost of scanning. To complete the same number of scans, you no longer need the experts on-site every single time to plan out where are my targets, where are my control points, how am I going to traverse from one room to the next and maintain the registration accuracy. With SLAM, that is already in there for you. So now that you don't need to bring an expert, they can actually ship a device on-site and have somebody on-site scan the site for them. And the experts back in the back office can process that data, analyze the data, and transfer it on to the end client. And that's really why we call it precision in motion, but simplicity in action. Now, we talked a little bit about the flash scanning, but in particular, this is really what you get out of it. On the top, you'll see a SLAM scan, very similar to maybe what you've been familiar with before. A little bit higher quality, a little bit higher density than maybe you've seen previously. But obviously, there are areas missing. The level of visual clarity is not always perfect from that point cloud, because it's not very dense. With that flash scan and stopping for 15 seconds in the same location with the same device, we're able to produce both of these. So that image on the bottom is from the same device, from the same location in the same time period. And now, that data with a very high level of precision can be used for better modeling and for better control of the on-site conditions. And one of the best parts is, compared to the terrestrial laser scanner, where you have to manually register all of your individual scans together, each one of those flash scans comes pre-registered, because we are constantly tracking the motion of the device around the building. We precisely know the location of every single flash scan that you do, so you don't have to go through a very time-consuming step to process those together. And we are also introducing Ferro Connect to do this. So previously, this was GeoSlam Connect. And as after Ferro acquired GeoSlam, we really brought in the focus on the ease of use. So you import all of your scans at once, you queue them up for register for processing, and you can walk away. So I can spend eight hours on-site, return to my computer, load all my scans, begin processing, they're queued up, and when I wake up the next morning, everything is there ready for me to work with. And I did not have to spend time at my computer messing with all the details, changing parameters, to ensure I get a good result. The GeoSlam and Ferro Accommodation Technologies ensure you get that every time. We've also introduced some major new improvements to Scene. Scene is still our best tool for merging multiple point clouds, merging clusters of scans together, to create one final result with the best accuracy. Now, we've introduced two features in particular, interactive registration and what we call hybrid registration. Interactive registration, what you do, is you go through and on your visual representation of your scans, you can create new connections between those scan positions to help close loops of scans and get better control of the overall final results. And when you're ready to, when you're, after you're done, you can then optimize those connections in a matter of seconds and get full progress, full reports on the results of each of those scans. The hybrid registration on the other hand, in the same method, you actually can control, can get a better result for each of your registrations between scan locations by combining cloud-to-cloud registration and target-based registration and feature-based registration all in one. And the system handles that for you automatically, with a visual representation. In this case, you can see the green line connecting them and you can actually see on the bottom every single one of those little green dots, those are the targets it's then using for its registration. And all of these technologies are merged into SphereSphereXG. So not only can you load your point clouds here and access them wherever you are, load your, your panocam images wherever you are for everyone to see, but you can also upload your mobile, your processing data or your scan data rather from the Faro Orbis directly into the cloud from a mobile device in the field and have it automatically queued up for processing. And it starts automatically in the cloud and when it's done, you get a notification that your data is ready to be used. And that's perfect for mobile scanning because you don't need an expert in the field, but you need an expert in the analysis. So you can keep your experts in the back office ready to work with data and you can keep somebody in the field working on this quickly. And every, everything is just being uploaded directly into the cloud and your expert is getting everything ready to do work. And with that video mode as mentioned, you're getting better accuracy on your trajectory than ever before. And you can also track, you can also change that, that trajectory if so desired. But with the combination of visual slam and photogrammetry underpinning it, this is our most accurate, accurate trajectory tool for your images. So all of your pictures are geo localized to your plan and you can align them together. And you can also then bring in your point cloud data as well. So you can have image, high quality images for every day of the week, if you so desire, backed up by the scan data from a different point in time and be able to overlay them together in one software platform. I really hope that you'll come and see these things because, you know, slides really don't do the product justice and the speed at which that we can work and give you high quality data is really, really unparalleled. So we are in hall 27, booth 10. Please feel free to stop by and ask us any questions. Thank you.


Hey beauties, I'm Bianca Renee and you're watching Bianca Renee today and today is another Foundation Friday today's victim. I mean foundation of choice is by Neutrogena you saw my last foundation Friday I also reviewed the Neutrogena hydro boost hydrating tint with hyaluronic acid This one is actually for dewy skin kind of bought it on accident I didn't really read that part because I have very oily skin That's the last thing I need to be as dewy But this time I'll be trying the Neutrogena skin clearing oil-free makeup micro clear technology Blemish treatment with salicylic acid and this one is for oily skin So right off the bat I'm more excited to try this one over the dewy one because I have very oily skin and Acne prone skin so I always thought it was a really cool idea to have makeup That also helps clear acne if you are struggling with acne like I have my entire life Obviously we want to cure it But we also want to hide it at the same time and that's what this foundation is allowing us to do This has 0.5% salicylic acid its purpose according to the bottle is for acne medication for the treatment of acne It's really claimed to be more of like a skin clearing product than makeup Which makes sense coming from Neutrogena a skincare brand now the first downside of this foundation is the very Limiting shade range. There's only 14 shades and I am the third darkest color Obviously there's way more shades darker than me in the world So I really wish it was a little bit more inclusive because everybody has acne not just people with light skin But I wanted to give it a try today to see if it actually works And if it does and we could just hope for a newly expanded shade range in the maybe in your future, huh? So that further do let me backtrack to this morning when I looked a hot mess to show you exactly how I applied this foundation Alright, let's do this starting from very humble beginnings. My hair is not done bare face But I am gonna start with a primer not the primer from Neutrogena because if you saw my last video That was a total fail, but I'm gonna be using the full spectrum by covergirl matte ambition for my Primer today Now as you can see I do have a little blemish going on This is always my notification system that time of the month She always lets me know when she's coming by putting a giant zit somewhere on my face So because of this little break I really wanted to try the Neutrogena skin clearing oil-free makeup blemish treatment with South silk acid foundation So let's give this a try. I'm the color caramel number 105 and I'll be applying this with a damp beauty blender Has a twist up top no pumps. I'm just gonna pour this directly onto my beauty blender Let's see how this color goes nice It's surprisingly a perfect match Even though the shade range is very lacking This one actually works perfect for me Now let's check the coverage by applying a little bit more onto the problem area Amazing coverage That is exactly what we want When we have acne prone skin, I need you to hide the blemish and fix it at the same time I Also have these little breakouts on my neck that have been quite annoying. So let's just cover those up as well So here's a foundation all on its own. I think it went on very nicely. It blended out very easily I think it's a perfect match for my skin tone. It's very lightweight. I think it make my skin look very healthy It's not too matte But also not too shiny. So now I'm gonna go ahead and finish the rest of my face Much better. So now I have my full completed face on and at this point.  So I did end up using my Fenty Beauty cashew Sending powder to kind of give me a little bit more color and together. I think they worked very nicely So this foundation is claiming to dissolve oil and help boost delivery of salicylic acid To the source of breakouts for fast results My skin does feel a little dry right now Which is a very new experience for me being as oily as I am But I think it's working and sucking up the oils keeping it under control so it could last all day The website says to cover the entire affected area with a thin layer one to three times daily I've always thought it was weird when foundations say to like reapply Multiple times throughout the day like my face is set. We've had you know, we have foundation We have contour. We have highlight. We have blush. Ain't nobody got time for extra layers. So that's Interesting that they're really treating this more like a medication than makeup So right now I'm loving how it looks it looks very matte But I want to see how well this is gonna do by the end of the day. So it is currently 1 30 p.m I'll come back and we'll see how shiny I get and we're back. It is exactly 10 p.m.  Get a good look at that. I'm really only shiny right around here Makeup still intact But let's take it to the oil absorbing sheets that I use in all my videos This is from CVS and I'm just going to dab this on here And we'll see How much oil comes off All right, so here's all the oil that came off my skin. You do see a little bit of the foundation on there but My skin looks nice and matte once again So if I have to compare it to the other new Trajina one, I definitely prefer this one I should have gone with the one for oily skin, obviously It doesn't claim to be transfer proof So I'm not exactly mad at a little bit of transfer on here But I think it did a great job at keeping me matte all day long for over eight full hours Because I'm so oily. I'm loving this matte finish like It really did a great job at sucking up all that oil But if you do have dry skin, I would guess that this would probably be a little bit too drying for you But if you have oily acne-prone skin and you're one of the 14 shades You're gonna love this although this claims to be $14 on the new Trajina website I did check on target.com and it's only 10 39 that sounds a little bit more reasonable as to what I paid for it So check around your local drugstore. See who has the best price if you do want to try it If you have already tried this, please leave a comment down below Let me know how it worked on your skin over time This is the first time I've used it so I can't give you like a full review on how it really benefits my skin But I do hope that I continue to use this throughout the week and see what it really does for my skin and the long run Before you go, make sure to give me a thumbs up and subscribe I post two new videos every week foundation Fridays on Friday and curly hair videos on Sunday And if you want daily beauty tips tricks and just you know fun things about my life You gotta follow me on Instagram at Ms. Bianca Renee. I'll see you guys in my next video. Thanks for watching Bianca Renee today


Everybody forced here up in a box of 2022 Star Wars top scroll black For Stefan S. Thanks Stefan. Good luck. All right. We got an echo Refractor Darth Maul. That's number that's number to 199 green refractor bib fortuna 91 of 99 the mall is 41 of 199 by the way Maul and bib and the auto is a commander daisy base auto Mandalorance as commander daisy appreciate the order Stefan. Thanks again. We'll get these out to you


Greetings, aspirants. Welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankar Iyer's Academy. Today's date is 10th of August 2022. So displayed here are the list of news articles that we are going to discuss today. We have five different news articles followed by that we will be discussing some of the preliminary practice questions and I will post a quiz question for you in the poll section. Try to answer that question also. So now without much delay let us move on to the first news article discussion. Now let us take up this text and context article for our discussion. See it is about the SSLV D1 EOS2 mission. Don't panic. UPSC will not expect you to memorize this name. See the news is the launch vehicle SSLV carried two satellites and both of them were lost because of the inability to place them in the required orbits. So this is the corrects of the news article given here. In this context let us understand about the mission in detail and the reasons for its failure. Before that the syllabus relevant to this article is highlighted here for your reference just go through it. Now let's start our discussion. See as I already said under this mission the launch vehicle was carrying two satellites. One of them is the earth observation satellite 2 that is EOS2 and it weighted about 135 kilogram and the other one is the azadi sat which weighted about 8 kilogram. So what is the purpose of this mission? See the purpose was to place these two satellites in circular low earth orbits at a height of about 350 kilometers above the equator. So here you must understand what is a low earth orbit. See a low earth orbit or shortly called as Leo is an orbit that is relatively close to earth's surface. See as per NASA it is normally at an altitude of less than 2000 kilometer but could be as low as 160 kilometer above earth. So here you might have a doubt why it is called low earth orbit but its altitude ranges from 160 kilometer to 2000 kilometer. See the answer to this is this altitude that is 160 kilometer to 2000 kilometer above earth is considered low when compared to other orbits. So when compared to other satellite orbits this particular altitude is considered as the lowest that is why the name low earth orbit is given to it and even 160 kilometer is very far away from earth's surface. For comparison let us take an aeroplane. They fly at an altitude of 14 kilometer above earth. I hope now you can understand how far away 160 kilometer from earth's surface will be. Now what is the significance of Leo? See Leo's close proximity to earth makes it useful for several reasons. It is the orbit most commonly used for satellite imaging. This is because the proximity to the surface of the earth allows it to take images of high resolution and it is also the orbit used for the international space stations that is ISS as it is easier for astronauts to travel to and from the ISS to earth. One more important significance is that unlike satellites in geostationary orbits Leo satellites do not always have to follow a particular path around earth in the same way. The plane of Leo satellites can be tilted for our convenience. This means that there are more available routes for satellites in Leo and this is one of the reasons why Leo is a very commonly used orbit. Now here I have a task for you go and read about geostationary orbits and find out how it is different from Leo. If possible read about all the satellite orbits then it will be a revision for you and it is a very important topic with respect to preliminary examination. So now coming back to our discussion we were seeing about the purpose of the mission. Now let us see about the purpose of the satellites. See first let us see about the earth observation satellite that is EOS-2. See it is the largest one and it was designed and developed by ISRO. This satellite offered advanced optical remote sensing operations. If placed correctly in the orbit it would have operated in the infrared region and could have several many purposes. The purposes ranges from imaging for climate studies to simply keeping an eye on earth. Now the second satellite Azadi sat. See this particular one was a collection of 75 tiny payloads weighing around 50 grams each and these were integrated by students. It carried tiny experiments which would have measured the ionizing radiation in its orbit if placed correctly in the orbit and it also contained a transponder which works in the ham radio frequency that is this particular frequency helps in non-commercial exchange of messages and emergency communications. So this is about two satellites. So now we know about the purpose of the satellite and the mission. Now we need to understand why the mission failed or what caused the failure. See the launch vehicle SSLV was composed of three stages powered by solid fuels and here there is no problem at all these three performed their function as planned. The problem came in the stage where the satellites had to be put in orbit. As per ISRO there was a malfunctioning of a sensor which resulted in placing the satellites in an elliptical orbit rather than a circular orbit. See we all know what a circular orbit looks like right. So imagine that in your mind. See the ellipse or oval shape of the elliptical orbit is elongated in one direction and compressed in another. The shortest height above the earth of this oval orbit was only about 76 kilometer. See here you must know that satellites that orbit the earth are mostly placed in circular orbits. One reason is that if the orbit is used for imaging the earth it will be easier if it has a fixed distance from the earth. If the distance keeps changing like in an elliptical orbit keeping the cameras focused can become complicated. And this is why in this mission also the purpose was to place the satellites in circular lower orbit since they contain earth observation systems. So from this we can come to the conclusion that the mission's intention is to place the satellites in a circular orbit but it placed it in an elliptical orbit. Now you may have a doubt the satellite could have served their purpose in the elliptical orbit itself right. Then why did the satellite get lost. So here only there is a problem. See as we already saw the closest distance to the earth is only 76 kilometer in case of an elliptical orbit. In such an altitude an atmospheric drag will be experienced by the object. So if adequate thrust is not applied to overcome the drag it will lose height and fall towards the earth due to gravity and eventually it will burn up due to friction and this is exactly why we lost the satellites. See the rocket technology has progressed a lot over the years even if the course of the rocket is altered from its planned course there will be sensors which will trigger a course correction and this in turn will restore the trajectory of the rocket. There will also be many sensors as well as a built-in redundancy that is even if one or two sensors fail there will be other to take over and affect the course correction. We have reached this point in rocket technology but the present case implies that either redundancy was not built in or perhaps it was built in but did not work due to a technical glitch. Now another question was also asked regarding the failure why did ISRO prefer SSLV over PSLV or GSLV. See PSLV that is polar satellite launch vehicle and GSLV geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle are quite powerful and they can carry huge loads. To place an earth orbiting satellite in a low earth orbit we do not need so much power the SSLV can easily carry small to medium loads from 10 kilogram to 500 kilogram it is less expensive. Another advantage is that the three stages are powered by solid fuel. See solid fuel is easier to handle whereas handling the liquid propellants used in the PSLV and GSLV is more complex and because of these reasons only ISRO preferred SSLV over PSLV or GSLV. So that's all about this news article discussion in this news article discussion we saw in detail about the SSLV D1 EOS2 mission the purpose of the satellite the reason for failure of mission and why SSLV was preferred by ISRO. So with these learnt points on mind now let us move on to the next news article discussion have a look at this news article this news article talks about the silent marches centered on 75 refugee colonies. See last year our prime minister announced that august 14th of every year will be remembered as partition horrors remembrance day from 2022 onwards. This event will be commemorated with silent marches so that is why this article has made news. So taking this as an opportunity let us quickly go through the timeline of partition which will be very helpful for a preliminary examination. See the background of the partition is considered a crucial event in the independence campaign of India and the idea of partition sprouted way back in the year 1905 So what do you remember when you hear the year 1905? Yes it is the year when the partition of Bengal took place and as a result of that we Indians proceeded with Swadeshi movement. See the partition of Bengal is nothing but a plan to partition the Bengal during the regime of Lord Curzon. The partition divides the province between West Bengal whose majority was Hindu and East Bengal whose majority was Muslim. So this instigated the Muslim leaders in promoting the idea of a separate Muslim state more vigorously than ever. This is because due to lot of incidents they naturally developed the fear against the utter dominance of the Hindus. They feared that if India becomes an independent country in the future only Hindus will be dominating the country. So the idea of separate state for Muslims sprouted during this partition of Bengal in 1905 and just what the British wished for happened. Many protest moments and communal riots continued in Bengal during that period but the partition was done and the aim of Britishers to dissolve the sense of nationalism among the Indians succeeded and after this through the Indian Councils Act 1909 the British introduced the involvement of Indians in the governance of British India. Also this act introduced a separate electorate for Muslims for the first time. So this is the second instance. However the British tolerance towards the Muslim community was questioned in the 1916 conference of the Congress. See at this conference the Congress members they discussed about the British aggression against the Turkish Sultan. The Muslim leaders suspected the actual motive of the British Raj behind supporting the Muslim interest in India and later the historic Lucknow Pact brought both the All India National Congress and the Muslim League together which held on the year 1916 and during this event the Muslim leaders accepted terms of not opposing the Congress reforms. In turn the leaders of the Congress party they approved distinct Muslim electorates. This was both in imperial legislative assembly as well as the state legislatures and the upcoming years that followed the Lucknow Pact witnessed the potential benefits of the Hindu Muslim unity. The Pact proved to be beneficial for both the Muslim majority and minority classes in the northwestern frontier and the eastern provinces of Bengal and Bihar. The leaders of the two dominant political hubs here we are talking about the All India National Congress and the Muslim League they both decided to set aside their conflicts and fight against the British East India Company. So this Lucknow Pact 1916 played a huge role in the background of the partition. Next comes the Montagu Chelmsford reforms. See based on the facts and figures related to the voting eligibility finally the Government of India Act was enacted by Vice Roy Lord Chelmsford in the year 1919. It was referred as the Montagu Chelmsford reforms. See this act extended to all the legislative councils be that of the provinces or that of the imperial legislative bodies. Vital departments like foreign affairs, defensive administration and criminal justice continued to be handled by the British Raj while the less impactful duties like the public health, revenue administration, primary education and state government were handed over to the official majority classes of the concerned provinces. In no way this move justified the demands put forward by the Muslim League as the reforms merely gave limited power to the communities who dominated the population at a particular place. This generated a sensation among the Muslims that by no means the British government is going to put the effort into establishing the Muslim authority in undivided India. This further fuelled their demand for an independent nation. Then came the World War II. See in 1939 British took India into the World War II without consultation. Congress opposed it obviously. At that time large nationalist protest began and it culminated into the 1942 Quit India movement. See two days back that is August 8th remarks the 8th anniversary of Quit India movement. See once in our UPSC preliminary examination this date was particularly mentioned in the question paper and asked to which movement this date belongs to. Okay so on August 8th of 1942 Quit India movement culminated. As you know this is a mass movement against British rule. For being a part in it Nero and Gandhi and thousands of Congress workers were imprisoned until 1945. Meanwhile the British war time needed for local allies that is they needed local association to win the war and for that the Britishers they gave the Muslim League an opening to offer its cooperation in exchange for future political safeguards. Followed by that in March 1940 the Muslim League's Pakistan resolution was passed and this resolution demand for creation of separate state to accommodate Indian Muslims. So after the war at least Labour government in London recognized that Britain's devastating economy could not cope with the cost of the overextended empire. So a cabinet mission was dispatched to India in the early 1946. Then an act of parliament proposed June 1948 as the deadline for the transfer of power but the mission failed to secure agreement over its proposed constitutional scheme which recommended a loose federation. So as the mission suggested a loose federation the mission failed and this idea was rejected by both Congress and the Muslim League. Muslim League vowed to agitate for Pakistan by any means possible. So this was the situation back then followed by that by March 1947 a new viceroy Lord Louis Mountbatten arrived in Delhi with a mandate to find a speedy way of bringing the British Raj to an end. So on June 3rd he announced that independence would be brought forward to August that year that is in 1947 then he presented politicians with an ultimatum that gave them little alternative but they were in a situation to agree to the creation of two separate states and finally Pakistan its eastern and western wings separated by around 1700 kilometers of Indian territory they celebrated independence on August 14 1947. India did the same celebration of independence on August 15 1947 and thus the new borders which split the key provinces of the Punjab and Bengal into two where officially approved on August 17. They had been drawn up by a boundary commission led by British lawyer Cyril Ratcliffe and this partition triggered Roy's mass casualties and a colossal wave of migration both states subsequently faced huge problems accommodating and rehabilitating post partition refugees even today the two countries relationship is far from healthy still Kashmir reminds a flashpoint seven decades on but well over a billion people still live in the shadow of partition so that's all you have to know about the timeline of partition of our country in this news article discussion we in detail saw about the background of the partition how the idea sprouted how it evolved and finally how two state was attained so these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion see this article here it says that Tamil Nadu chief minister has written to his Kerala counterpart reassuring him that the Mulai Periyar dam was safe and the flood regulations was being done as per the rule curve and gate operation schedule approved by the central water commission in February 2021 so this is about the news article given here in this context let us understand about the location of the dam and some important details about Periyar river first of all let us begin with knowing about the river see Periyar river is the longest river in Kerala and it is known to have the largest discharge potential the river is the source of drinking water for towns and cities in Kerala it is a perennial river which is known as lifeline or pulse of Kerala so now with this basic understanding let us see about the origin of the river see Periyar arises from the Sivagiri peaks of Sundaramala in Tamil Nadu so the river is formed at the border of Tamil Nadu in western parts from here it moves towards the north where a westward flowing tributary Mulayar joins the river and also the river flows through a tiger reserve called Periyar tiger reserve at the downstream it forms a border between the Periyar section of the reserve in the east and the Sundaramala section in the west where it originates and after this it falls into the Periyar lake so in simple words the river flows north and then enters Kerala it moves northwest through the mountains and on to the coastal plains north of Kuchi and finally the river empties into the Arabian sea know that a Mulay Periyar dam is built at the point where Periyar and Mulayar meet and forms the Periyar lake a major part of the dam including the catchment area is situated in Kerala's Idiqui district although the 126 years old Mulay Periyar dam is located in Kerala it is operated by the government of Tamil Nadu which signed a 999 year lease agreement with the former British government to irrigate farmland on its side see on October 29 1886 a lease indenture was signed between Maharaja of Trivancore named Visaham Tirunal Rama Verma and the British India's secretary of state for 999 years so now let us see some more details about the river see the river is about 140 miles or 225 kilometers long the Periyar lake lies at the elevation of 850 meters the Periyar lake is 31 square kilometers in area and is an artificial reservoir for a dam it lies between mountain peaks and is surrounded by a wildlife sanctuary some of the water is diverted to the river through a tunnel for irrigation just south of the Mulay Periyar reserve a 350 square kilometers of rainforest exist other significant feature is that that they cut bird sanctuary it is one of India's prominent bird sanctuaries the thick evergreen forest or home to several species of birds so that's all about this news article discussion in this news article discussion we discussed in detail about Periyar river and then we saw in detail about the Mulay Periyar dam so with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion now take a look at this news article this news article talks about the 5g services see the telecom operator Bharati Airtel will start rolling out 5g services this month and this is to cover all towns and key rural areas of the country so this is the cracks of the news article given here so as part of this discussion let us see some important points about 5g technology from prelims perspective see 5g as the name suggests it is a fifth generation mobile technology see as you know the cellular communications network are known by their numeric generations that is 1g 2g 3g 4g and 5g the g here stands for generation so what do they mean by generation well connected to the internet the speed of your connection is determined by the signal strength which is short next to the signal bar on your home screen of the mobile in alphabetical order such as 2g 3g 4g and so on so here each generation is defined as a set of tele network standards that describe how a specific mobile phone system is implemented technologically so here as our internet speed requirement changes the technology used to achieve that speed also changes for example 1g provides 2.4 kilobytes per second 2g provides 64 kilobytes per second and is based on gsm 3g provides 144 kilobytes per second to 2 mb per second and 4g provides 100 mb per second to 1gb per second and 4g is based on lte technology so the next upgrade to this is 5g currently we are fully deployed in 4g and 5g is gaining ground and the another major difference is the frequency used see when compared to 4g technology 5g uses radio waves of higher frequency see in this image you can see varies from generation to generation and it is clear that the frequency of the radio waves used keep on increasing this is because with increasing frequency more data can be transmitted so with higher frequency also the 5g has the edge over other generations so having this basic idea now let us discuss about the advantages of 5g technology see the first advantage is high data speed and data capacity see due to its high frequency the capacity of data that is transmitted is huge and the rate at which the data can be transmitted is also huge so due to this property 5g's ability to transmit huge data at a faster rate with low latency is possible here latency is how long it takes for data to travel between its source and destination so lower the latency better our experience second advantage is adopting 5g is cost efficient see just now we saw 5g technology uses high frequency radio waves right and we know that frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength due to its lower wavelength the antenna that is used to transmit 5g waves is also smaller so there will be higher coverage and due to higher coverage the requirement of more mobile towers can be reduced and because of these advantages there are many different applications for 5g technology as well firstly it helps in development of internet of things see with the evolution of iot many additional applications like smart homes smart cars can be developed it is used in cloud computing as well 5g also finds applications in augmented reality remote surgery factory automation etc and finally before concluding let us see the major disadvantage of 5g first is dissipation of signal see earlier while discussing the advantage we might have had a question if high frequency equals high speed and high data carrying capacity then why don't governments offer even higher frequency radio waves for auction see there is an issue in this in the case of electromagnetic waves with high frequency they get scattered very quickly so to ensure transfer of data direct line of sight between the antenna and the device receiving the signal must be ensured this is difficult to ensure always this is why there is a limitation in the frequency that it can be used in mobile networks since 5g has higher frequency they are easily observed by humidity rain and other objects when compared to 4g so sometimes when you move away from the 4g your cell phone automatically switches back to 4g but this can be addressed by strategically placing tiny antennas in places where it is most needed second problem is that 5g technology will provide little value addition to normal everyday users they only have very specific applications which will not seem attractive for normal consumers so their adoption might become difficult so these are the two disadvantages so in this news article discussion we saw about the 5g technology we saw what is 5g then we discussed some of its advantages and finally we ended by seeing some of its disadvantages as well so with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion now have a look at this news article this news article talks about the India Bangladesh River Agreements see India and Bangladesh is likely to sign at least one major river agreement and the major rivers discussed in this news article or kushyara ganga and tista apart from the major agreements under discussion sharing of data of river waters and better flood control planning or expected to feature in the upcoming meeting of the joint river commission that is jrc see this meeting is planned in the last week of august that is why this article has made news today so in this context let us learn about the rivers mentioned in the news article and let us see what the news article says about the agreements involving these rivers firstly let us take the kushyara river see the kushyara river is a distributary river in bangladesh and india it forms on the india bangladesh border as a branch of the barak river that is the barak river separates into the kushyara and surma the water of the kushyara originate in the state of nahaland in india and picks up tributaries from manipur mesoram and asam from its origin at the mouth of the barak the kushyara flows westwards forming the boundary between india and bangladesh so you can see that in the map given here and the news article says that there is a strong possibility that an agreement on the kushyara river will be concluded in the jrc meeting then coming to river ganga see the ganga basil over spreads in india tibet napal and magladesh specifically when you take india it covers the states of uthrapadesh madhya pradesh rajasthan bihar west Bengal utharkhand jargant hariana chatiskar himaja pradesh and union territory of delhi the basin is bounded by the himalayas on the north it is bounded by aravelis on the west by the vindias and chotanakur plateau on the south and by the brahmaputra ridge on the east you can see that on the image given here the ganga rises in the gangotri glacier in the himalayas in the utharkhasi district of utharkhand and at its source the river is called as bahirathi it descends down the valley up to dev prayag where after joining another hill stream alaknanda it is called the ganga so only when bahirathi joins with alaknanda then it is called as ganga the principal tributaries joining the river from right or the yamuna and the son the ramganga the gagra the gantak the kosi and the mahananda joins the river from the left the chambal and the betua are the two other important sub tributaries now regarding ganga the news article mentions that a major agreement involving the ganga may also be taken up this is because there is a strong urge to achieve a big river agreement ahead of bangladesh prime minister hasina's visit okay then lastly about river tista see regarding river tista and the tista agreement we have seen clearly in our hindu newspaper analysis dated on june 20 2022 so just go back to that video and once again revise tista river now regarding the tista river the news article says that the avami league government has been insistent on sealing the tista waters agreement because this has eluded settlement so far so from all these it is understood that india has agreed to offer bangladesh a package on river water related deals this will be considered a significant advancement in terms of sharing of river resources with dakka so let's wait and watch what happens so these learned points now let us move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is the preliminary practice questions see we have four practice questions today i'll be discussing three one question will be the quiz question for you today now look at this first question arrange the following events in ascending order first event is pakistan resolution second event is cabinet mission third event is laknopact and fourth event is rat cliff boundary commission choose the correct answer using the codes even below option a 3 1 2 4 option b 1 2 3 4 option c 3 2 1 4 and option d 1 3 2 4 see if such a kind of question is asked in your preliminary examination first try to find the first event and the last event so here from the option you can say that the final event is rat cliff boundary commission now the confusion for you is between the first event and the third event third event is laknopact and the first event is pakistan resolution you have to find which one came first see from our discussion obviously laknopact came first because it was him 1916 so you can easily eliminate option b and d and if you have an idea just before rat cliff boundary commission the cabinet mission took place then you can easily arrive at the answer which is option a 3 1 2 4 so the first event is laknopact then comes the pakistan resolution then comes cabinet mission and finally comes the rat cliff boundary commission so this is how you have to solve these kinds of questions now moving on to the second question this question is about peria river consider the following statements regarding peria river statement 1 the major tributaries of peria river includes mullayar one lee statement 2 peria river is a west to east flowing river and it drains into arabian sea see the correct answer for the question is option d negative 1 not 2 statement 1 is incorrect because the major tributaries include mullayar, chedutoni, perinjan kutti and yadamala rivers so naturally first statement is incorrect second statement is also incorrect because here the second part of the statement is alone correct yes it drains into the arabian sea we saw that in the discussion answer but it is not a west to east flowing river rather it is a east to west flowing river so the correct answer for the question is option d neither 1 nor 2 now moving on to the third question this question is about river ganga ganga is the result of the confluence of rivers option a bahirathi and alakananda at dev prayag option b bahirathi and alaknanda at karnaprayag option c bahirathi and alaknanda at ganga 3 and option d bahirathi and alaknanda at rutraprayag see the correct answer for the question is option a bahirathi and alaknanda at dev prayag we saw that in the discussion itself right actually there are punch prayags now take this also as a task today and find all the punch prayags so the question displayed here is the main question for you today just go through the question collect the points as much as possible try to write an answer and post that also in the comment section so with this we came to the end of the news article discussion if you like the video hit like do comment and don't forget to subscribe to shankar eyes academy youtube channel thank you


I feel like I was lied to. The movie Hard Candy features no hard candy.  I was looking for like a breath mint, a tic-tac, something. Instead, what I got was a stomach-churning thriller for the whole family to not watch because it's intense. This is a not all ages affair. Let's quickly talk about hard candy. ["Hard Candy"] This video review comes from Vin over at Patreon.com slash Adam Does Movies. Had he not recommended this movie, there is not a chance in hell I would have talked about it. I did see hard candy back in the day. I thought it was pretty solid. It was fun going back all these years later with fresh eyes, hungry eyes, if you will, like the song. Hungry eyes. It's a different experience when you're adult, but still a tough watch all the same. Let's dive in. Director David Slade and writer Brian Nelson team up again after doing 30 days of night, solid film, for this hard candy. This is a good old fashioned bottle episode. You know, one of those movies where it kind of takes place in one isolated location, typically with only a couple of people, you have movies like Phone Booth, Buried, and now here we are with hard candy. The movie stars Patrick Wilson, who I've been told I look like from time to time, along with Adam Sandler and Chris Pratt and Ryan Reynolds. It's a very bizarre hodgepodge of people. How could I look like all of these people? It doesn't make any sense. It also stars Elliot Page as Ellen Page, plain Haley Stark. That's not confusing, but that's what IMDB says, so I'll go with it. Sandra Oh is also in this for four minutes. Nice check for her, she can go back to Grey's Anatomy. That's pretty much the entire cast. I don't want to give away the goat with this story. I don't know if that's even an expression, but I'm expressing it, but I will say this. You should check out hard candy, not because it's a fun experience or a wild time, but because it's an interesting one. It's a premise about a predator becoming the hunted, a hunter being stalked and laid down and put in his place. This Haley Stark character is more than meets the eye. No, she's not an Autobot. She's a Decepticon though, and this guy's gonna find out that he flirted with the wrong girl over text message. This has your early 2000s stank all over it. It's got the shaky cam, the intense look. Everything's moving frantically. There's scenes where I have no idea what's going on with the camera. I think the director was just throwing it. He's just like, action! Hits Elliot in the head, what the hell? Keep going! But at the same time it works. This movie is frantic, it is intense.  You know what it reminds me of that came out not that long ago is Midsomer. Throughout the entirety of Midsomer, I was just sitting here with a gut ache, like, oh my God, why am I watching this? And why do I wanna rewatch it? I don't wanna rewatch Hard Candy. I've seen it twice, so I guess that really has no marriage. But it's been a long time. I forgot, I had to refresh my memory. It visually looks solid. Shaky Cam's not obnoxious. It only happens when it needs to, when there is a little bit of action in a somewhat slow-moving affair. But I never found myself bored. It moves at a good clip. It's got good framing, some really pretty cinematography, a nice looming soundtrack in the background, and really solid performances.  The castration award at the Oscars was sadly missing that year. The film presents moral dilemmas, and it makes you ask the question, like, what's the point? What's the point of this revenge porn-style flick? Is it worth it to get back at someone like that? Is it even really helpful to make a pedophile or someone in a disgusting position take a look in the mirror and then attack them for it? Is that really gonna rehabilitate future people?  And that's the thing that people can look at and have a conversation about, certainly more than, like, secret life of pets. I mean, granted, they're not really similar genres to begin with, but you get what I'm saying. There's a conversation to be had when you watch a movie like this. It pulls at you a little bit. It makes you think about things through a different lens. And I appreciate the request. So thank you, Vin. This was my hard candy review. It's a decent film. It's a decent film. I can't say I love it. I certainly didn't hate it. It's just, it's worth a watch. It's worth checking out. It won't be for everyone, but definitely was for Vin. So thank you, sir. Like this video if you had a good time. Please subscribe if you're new here. I post tons of movie reviews every week. They're not always chasing the trends, either. They're not always the big hotness. Sometimes they're just from generations ago. They're from people just like you making requests on Patreon or on YouTube Join. I appreciate it. All right, hopefully I'll see you next time. Take care.