of eSports, a show devoted to all things eSports. I'm your host, Catherine Noor. Today we're talking about pursuing a career in eSports with with me is Shahrukh Tanvir. Welcome, Jack. So I know you go by Jack, right? Yeah, okay. People call me Jack, Jack Wayne. That's my gamer tag, actually. Okay, so I know that you're joining us from India. What time is it there? Yeah, it's it's 3.30 a.m. in the morning and it's really cold. I'm wearing a jacket and behind me, it's a heater there. Oh, my goodness. Wow, that's interesting. So we I've talked to you before on my show, and that was last September. And what's been going on with Artemis since we left Yeah, since like we had a show, it was really great. I really enjoyed the show. I was telling that I really enjoyed the show. So after that, numbers are rapidly increasing on our social media and our YouTube and other platforms. So recently, we have completed 11,000 subscribers on YouTube and we have completed 41, I think 4,200 on Facebook, and it is going really, really good. Working on the streams, same, like twice a day or sometimes twice a day, that that's going really, really good. I'm so happy that people from all over the globe are supporting Artemis now. Fantastic. And I loved your story last time when you mentioned that when you started streaming, you had zero people following you. And then all of a sudden, you had one person after quite a quite a while, quite a few days. And that was kind of quite an interesting motivational thing for us. Yeah, like when I started the day was 19 April 2019. No, it was 17 April 2019, I started doing it. And there was like zero subscribers, zero views with they were there. And I was doing the streaming for next seven days. So there was nothing. And suddenly I got one subscriber, the name of the person was Vipul and he is still with us. So now we have 11,000 and he is still with us. So that's really cool. Fantastic. Okay, so talking about numbers, let's show the video. Alright guys, welcome back to the game. Let's get things started. This is Artemis and today I'm going to tell you some incredible numbers and stats about video gamers from all over the globe. Almost 50% of the world population plays video games. The latest statistics have us at 7.6 billion people on earth and a new study from DFC intelligence tells us that in 2020 that includes 3.1 billion video gamers. But who exactly are these gamers? And where they come from? Where is their favorite way to play? I'm sure you have already guessed, the most popular platform for gamers none other than mobile devices. Almost half of the players are playing on their phones. According to this study, players with consoles are in the minority since they represent just 8% of the 3.1 billion gamers. This group also spends the most, which makes sense. When you look at how much consoles and games cost, 48% of the players are PC gamers, which means no less than 1.5 billion players. According to this study, half of these gamers live in Asia, which means 1.42 billion gamers. Wow. The second best geographical group is in Europe with 668 million players that followed by Latin America and North America with 383 million and 261 million respectively. Well, those are some really crazy numbers. Let us know what type of gamer you are, mobile, PC or console in the comment below. Hit the like button and follow us for more videos. Yeah, to be honest with you, there is a huge potential in gaming industry. It was always there, like how people can manage to make some good amount of money by just playing video games. As we were talking about last show, I was telling that how gaming industry is rapidly increasing. Now, if we are talking about the numbers, we have already seen the numbers that how many gamers are actually active gamers are there. If I include the gamers for mobile games, for PC games or for the console games, tournaments are going on all over the globe for mobile games, for PC games, for e-sports games. Let us talk about some basic things. Let us talk about how a player can make a career in gaming or e-sports industry. Just take an example, a player who is 21 years old. He has great skills into the gaming. It can be any game. It can be a PC game or it can be a phone game or any other game. He has great skills. Now, what is the next thing he should do? He should start doing this streaming on different platforms. These platforms are free. You do not have to sign up or you do not have to pay hundreds of millions, hundreds of dollars for signing up on YouTube or Facebook gaming. You have to create a page. You can start working on these. Create your logo. Start uploading your video. Start doing streaming. These platforms, YouTube and Facebook, Twitch and some others, are giving some good options where you can monetize your channel. Once you have completed the criteria, like 1,000 subscribers on YouTube, 4,000 hours on YouTube, then you can get monetized and people can start paying you money. They can give you a super chat, a donation. People can give you super stickers and you can get that money. Once you start doing it, it will be a low, but once the number growing, the money will grow automatically. That is really great. Same thing comes with the Facebook. Once you start doing on YouTube, you can do the same streaming, same time on Facebook also. Now, there are different criteria in Facebook and once you have completed those criteria, Facebook will start paying you. All you have to do is you just have to stream. You have to work on your videos. You have to work on your skills and then you can start making money. This is something that is for a small thing. It is like just playing video games and make a small amount of money. What I recently started doing is Artemis have launched their own merchandise now. The merchandise are not just in India, it's all over the globe. You can buy it in the United States, you can buy it in Australia, you can buy it in Europe, European countries, and anywhere. What we are doing is we are designing our own t-shirts, hoodies, caps. There are tons of products out there. People can buy it on a very affordable price. We are selling them. We have our own logo there on those hoodies and t-shirts. I am personally creating those t-shirts and designs. I am showing them how gaming can be done in illustration and things. That is what I am currently working on. This is also another thing which I have personally experienced. I would like to give advice to these streamers or gamers. What these people can do is they can have a sponsorship, a small sponsorship from local owners, those computer shops. You can simply go to them and you can tell them that we would like to advertise your shop and your products on our live streaming. People will ask me that what product should I go for, what gaming keyboard should I go for, what gaming mouse should I go for. I will advertise your business there and you have to sponsor me. There are two things. Either these people can sponsor you for cash money or they can sponsor you for the stuff, gaming keyboard, mouse, monitor, whatever things. I have got some of them. It is really good. It is not a big amount but it is a small amount and that is really cool. These are some of the tips which I would like to give it to the gamers or the streamers that should go for. It is very easy to achieve. It is not a big thing that you have to do some rocket science. It is very easy to do it. You talk about sponsors of what we call endemic brands where it is like keyboards, mouse, those kind of things. Would you also be interested in sponsors that are non-endemic, those that do not have anything to do with eSports, something like a soda company or a car company or something like that? Yes. In this case, yes, I would like to suggest that you can go for the local restaurants. Because a restaurant is something that everyone loves to go. You can go for a pizza shop or you can go for a soda shop or you can go for any other shop. You can tell them that we are going to advertise your restaurant there, putting a logo, side logo on the stream, or telling them that you can order a pizza or you can also promote coupon code. Buy one, get one free pizza or 50% discount or something like this. Yes, that is a nice idea that people should go for. Sure. There could also even be trade situations, I would think. Yes, there will be. These are the things people should go for, the new gamers or the new streamers. Sure. What skills do you think someone should develop for an eSports or gaming career? See, skills is something that we should come up with every time. We should keep working on the skills, improving on the skills is really important. Because, for example, if I'm doing a live stream, I know that I'm a pro gamer and I do some of my own tricks that people love to watch. If you are doing a stream, you have to be something unique that what not other people are doing. Create your own charts or make it your own slogan or make it your something interesting that your viewers should engage with it. It shouldn't sound or shouldn't view like the other streams. It should look like that this guy is something different. Because they are giving you their subscribe, that is one button that they are giving you. That means a lot. This is something that we streamers have to do something special for them, like giving a personal shout out to them or engaging, sometimes do something funny, sometimes do something interesting that should engage the viewers into the stream. Sure. And I actually see you pop up on my Facebook because I know you're streaming on Facebook. So that's kind of fun. I like to pop in there now and then to watch you. So are you kind of new to Facebook for streaming? Yeah, like since the last show I started, I think it's almost five months I started working on Facebook. And like as I told you, the numbers are rapidly increasing 40 to 100. We have recently done on our Facebook and every day it is growing like hundreds of number every day. So I think like the main goal for our community, Artemis community, that we are focusing to get at least 100k at the end of the year. Focus is to get 1 million, but we are expecting that 1 million is not, I know it is possible, but somewhere we are taking 100k. You just have to kind of go in increments and it takes a lot of time too. Yeah. I mean you're building a community. I know it took me years to max out LinkedIn and I did it, but it took a lot of years to do it. So if someone is interested in eSports as a career, what kind of major college majors would you suggest? There are a couple of things that I would like to show. I would like to discuss in terms of eSports career that people should go for the tournaments. That is number one, that everyone is focusing on. If you want to make some big money, people should go for the big tournaments and first of all, they have to work on their team because eSports is not a single thing. You have to work with your team. You have to work with your community. So try to improve your community, try to improve your team. And once you are done, then try to improve your skills so that you can be into the eSports big tournaments. Now, if I talk about the big eSports tournament, it can be any other game, just take any game, PUBG Call of Duty or any other game into the eSports. If you are performing good, then big companies like Red Bull, big companies like Asus, big companies like Microsoft can hire you. They can sponsor you for a big amount of money. Even if you are not the winner and you have performed very well, they will love to be with you. They will promote you.  So that's how a person can be into eSports and make a career in eSports, which is really, really good. And because now, at days, people are coming to me. They are sending me messages. They are calling me or we are having these communication on our Discord server or on our Facebook that they don't know what to do. They have skills, but as I said, they don't know what to do next. So they should start making these things. They should start working on their clan. Plan is something like they should go for a team for at least seven to eight people. They should start working their own community to make big and they should start working on their team.  Once these things are done, then they should go for the big tournaments. In my opinion, I think they can start with these small tournaments because there are some websites which are hosting small tournaments with a small amount of money and you don't have to pay any entry fee. It's free, free of cost, but there you can make a good amount of money, like $1,000 pool prize or $2,000 pool prize. So you can start with these and once you grab your hand in these tournaments, then go for the big one. I had previously interviewed Fatality and he talked about his journey with an e-sports career and this was back before people really knew that much about it. He was making $10,000 in a weekend, $20,000, $100,000 and for a young guy, he was doing really well. But now that it's much bigger, it seems to me that the opportunities are much more in all sorts of areas. Is that right? Yeah, it is absolutely right that competition has begun now because there was a time when e-sports was only in US culture, not everywhere. But now if we are talking about the Asia Asians, they're into everything. They're into gaming. They're into e-sports. There is a guy in Asia who owns the biggest cyber gaming cafe in Asia and that is like 24-7. Gamers are sitting there, gamers are sleeping there, gamers are bathing there in that cyber cafe and he's making millions of dollars and he is only 25. This is the thing where people are now learning e-sports culture. It has become a sport now because there was a time when we used to see football, we used to see basketball and we thought that this is a big criteria where we should go for. But now e-sports is something that it is growing rapidly and it is going really fast that no sports have ever done this thing before. Sure. And I also know that people are making money as shout casters and in all different areas, whether it's with working for a company in their e-sports department. And obviously I have different people in the e-sports industry every week on my show and they're demonstrating how they're making money.  I was in animation and visual effects. Okay. And has that helped you in your career? It does because if we are talking about the game reviews or if we are talking about the animation in the game, if we are talking about the effects in the game, that helps me a lot because I know in and out of those things. So creating those videos, I don't have to hire a video editor or something. I can create it my own. I can do my own shooting. I can do my own things because Artemis is not just limited with the games now. What we are planning is to create VFX gaming videos. So I think if I'm not wrong that Artemis will become the first India's gaming and VFX channel in India. So that's what we are planning to do. We have got our cameras ready. We have got our teams ready. So we are going to act some, you know, gaming. We are going to record some gaming videos up to so that we can guide people how to do these things because VFX in India is growing now. So people will love it. That's what our next goal is. Yeah. And if you were asked how much business knowledge would I need to become a professional gamer? Yeah.  I was only playing on my console. I was like, I was also like the other guys who don't know what to do next. So I start doing streaming. I start connecting with more and more people. I came to know what things are. I came to know what esports industry is and I start learning them every day. And now here I am today. To be honest with you, we are running the India's biggest esports discord server named as Artemis. So we have like good number of amount of people are there. We are doing X channel there. We are doing voice channel there. We are doing great activities there. Even as per my personal interest, I have created two X channel there. One is daily motivation. So one of us who are the admins, who are the moderators, we are posting daily motivation code there. I know like it is not for the gaming, but this is something that if you are waking up early in the morning and you suddenly saw a daily motivated quotation or a photo which gives you a small story, that makes you feel good. So that's what my personal interest is that what I'm doing. And second thing that I'm doing is the love court, just to make something romantic. So this is something that I've created there. And it is going really good. People are liking it. And even the fans that we have on Artemis community on discord, they are sending us the daily motivation. Some are like created by their own. Some are created from Google, but they are sending it. It feels good that people are actually making interest into this. Now, did you take business classes in college as well? Oh, no. Okay. So you're an entrepreneur, but you have to kind of learn the business aspects of it as you go. Yeah, I have to learn everything from scratch. So I mean, it sounds to me like if someone does have business knowledge that they gain from college that would be advantageous. Would you think that? Yeah, I think that will be that will be a good scenario here because you know, if you go to these college or if you go to these classes, they will teach you what to do next or what how you can approach. Because to be honest with you, when I start doing things, when I start going to the presentation, giving presentation of Artemis into the sponsorship for the offices, for the restaurants, like as we were talking, it was for me, it was a little difficult. I don't know where to start. So I learned it. I learned it from my own. And now I'm doing great. I think self-learning is the best learning. Sure, sure. So how is the eSports business in India? Yeah, like since the pandemic, to be honest with you, it has grown up to 200% because everyone as we are talking about the numbers as usual, it was there on the video that half of the population on the wall is playing on their phone. Okay. So this thing is growing rapidly in India and most of the players are actually playing on their phone, not on PC. To be honest with you, if I'm not wrong with this stats, 80% of the gamers in India are mobile players and they want to be into eSports completely. We are talking about here, 13 years old boy, 35 years old boy. And it is going really good. I'm really happy that Indian gamers are actually taking good interest into eSports. And that's what Artemis is doing for them. Artemis is really helping them to get into the eSports. And do you have fans and connections outside of India of Artemis? Yeah, that's what I said like Artemis means gamers are never alone and people are actually supporting us from all over the globe. Like as I said, we are selling merchandise. So we have already sold more than 10 pieces of outside India. Some of there are in the United States, some of there are in Australia, some of there are some are like in London. And people actually come to our stream. They donate us with the super chat or they also promote our video or they also share our video on our social media. And that's really good. Now do you sell any merchandise with the gamers are never alone logo? Yeah, there are some of the t-shirts and hoodies are there that we have created. Even if you just go to our YouTube channel. Yeah, I forget to mention this thing. This was really important. I forget. I'm really sorry. Once you are done with these monetization on YouTube, now there's a new feature where you like as a gaming community or as a content creator can sell their own merchandise on YouTube. This is a new feature that YouTube have implemented. And we have got I think Artemis is the first YouTube channel that selling merchandise on YouTube. And we have our merchandise there on YouTube. It's a new feature that you do have introduced. I'm really sorry. I forget to mention this thing. If you go to our channel YouTube, YouTube Artemis and there is a special tab. They store just click on it and you'll see all those t-shirts and hoodies are there and people can directly buy from there. And it's a global like they are doing international shipping also. Okay. So kind of quickly what do you think the future is in eSports? To be honest with you, I was looking at some of the things that how big companies are spending hundreds of millions of dollars into eSports. We are talking about the Gary Vee here. We are talking about the Red Bull here. We are talking about the Microsoft that they are spending hundreds of millions of dollars into gaming industry. They are organizing tournaments. They are creating games. They are hiring gamers to get into eSports. I think that in next five years gaming sports will actually become official sport like we are, as we see like basketball and football and others. So I think that eSports will be a next level sport into the world in next five years. That's what my expectations are. Okay. And so how can viewers find you? Yeah. People can find me just type Artemis. That's A-R-3-M-I-S. Three is a number on Google and they'll find everything there. They can find my address, my number, my website, YouTube, Instagram. Everything is already there. It's good to see ourselves on Google. All right. Well, so I hope everyone finds Artemis and likes and connects and watches your stream. Jack, thank you so much for being my guest again. Thank you, Catherine. Thank you so much. All right. So thank you all for joining us today. And I thank our viewer for the question. Next week, my guest will be gamer doc Dr. Lindsay Migliore. We'll discuss injuries and treatment associated with gaming and eSports. See you then.


Tired of the everyday grind, ever dream of a life of romantic adventure? Want to get away from it all? We offer you escape. Escape, designed to free you from the four walls of today for a half hour of high adventure. You are 400 feet below the surface of the South Pacific. The heavy taste of chlorine gas souring your mouth. While somewhere up above you, searching through the night for you, is an enemy destroyer meant on sending the submarine and you to a murky death. Listen now as escape brings you Richard Chandlee's exciting story, Pressure. November 6, 1944. USS Amberfish, SS593 departed Pearl Harbor for her assigned patrol area, the East China Sea. She carried 82 men and 24 torpedoes. She was commanded by Lieutenant Commander Daniel Hall. Her record was zero. This was her fourth war patrol. On the 32nd day of patrol at 1700 hours, Amberfish surfaced off the southern coast of Japan. Fog. Wouldn't you know it, Mac? If the sea doesn't run heavy, we get fog. What can you find in this? What's the old man got planned for tonight, Lieutenant? Routine, night surface routine. I think the last night of patrol we've been... Hold it, hold it. Hiya, boys. Captain. Evening, sir. It's a lousy night. What speed we making, Frank? About five knots, sir. One and two main engines on battery charge, number four on propulsion. Position? About halfway through Osumi Strait, course zero, four five. Radar has the coast of Kyushu range at approximately 15 miles on the port beam, picking up the usual fishing boats. Aside from that? Yeah. Nothing. 32 days and nothing. Four patrols and nothing. Sir, may I suggest something? Yeah, sure, Mac. What? Well, last night on patrol, sir, maybe we could go after one of those fishing boats, take some prisoners for intelligence, and sink her by gunfire. We got no orders for it. I know that, sir, but... I might do us awesome good, Captain. End of the patrol if it's better than nothing. I'm sorry, boys. We got no orders. That's it. Yes, sir. Only we're off. Only what? Nothing, Captain. Nothing at all. 32 days at sea, cramped living, and thoughts pass between men without being spoken. He knows what the torpedo, the executive officer, the whole crew think. Captain Hall, a book commander. Last night on patrol, and he still goes by the book, got to blame someone for an empty sea, for a tired ship, for bringing back a full load of torpedoes four times in a row. The captain stares at the fog, and into his own thoughts. They need officers behind desks. That's where they'll put him after this patrol, a desk officer. Just a few more hours, and he's headed for it. The fog looks like it's thinning. What? Oh, yeah. What's the time, Mac? All 100, sir. Bridge. This is the conning tower. Radar contact. This is Bridge. What's bearing? Zero, three, three. Captain. Yeah. It's just barely in range. It's funny-looking. I don't think it's a fisherman this time. This is Captain Radar. I'll be right there. Scope's gone crazy, can't be. Keep the bridge, Frank. Yes, sir. Come on, Mac. Yes, sir. Yes, I got a C. Okay, Johnson, what have you got? Yes, sir, Captain. Now, there it is, sir. See? It's a pip, then it goes. Nothing. Scope's gone crazy. Come left to course zero, three, three. Zero, three, three, sir. I'll stop. I'll stop, sir. All right, Mac, what do you hear on the bearing? Nothing, sir. Not a thing. Pip's gone. Nothing on the scope either. Must be the radar, Captain. Must be with our luck. Luck can change. Steady on course zero, three, three. Zero, three, three, sir. All ahead full. You never can tell. There have been false alarms before. The procedure is standard by the book. Maybe one last chance to break the dull, leaden monotony that smothers the boat. In the forward battery, the cruise quarter's another rumor. Hey, we picked up speed. Really moving. Relax, Bergen. I think they got something on the radar again. Cards to the players. Come on, you guys, I got a wife to support. Five, ten, fifteen minutes. All ahead full, the little flurry in the conning tower begins to settle. And then... Captain? There it is, sir. We've got it now, sir. We've got it. Yeah. Man tracking stations. Just one pip, but it's a big one. I don't believe it. The men run. There's excitement, no feeling of obedient drill. Even the engines sound different. In the green eye of the radar, the spot grows stronger and holds a chance. One last glimmering chance for the captain to show he's not a book to keep his job. Out there in the night, there's something big and fast. Three smaller pits now. Captain, one big ship and three escorts. Zigzagging. Still a long way off. Bridge? Yes, sir. You see anything, Frank? Not yet. Bog's gone, but it's Blackest Pitch. Can we come up to him? We'll come up to him. Just keep your eyes open. Maneuvering. Tell those motor-max back there to give it everything. All ahead, Frank. Maneuvering. Make all speed. All ahead, Frank, sir. What do you think we got, Captain? We haven't got him yet. One ship, three escorts. Must be worth something to the Japs. The mode's coming out. We're getting the mode. That's something unsound, sir. Heavy screws during 0-4-1. Frank, got him on sound now. Can you see? I think so, Captain. Wait a minute. Yeah. Yeah, I can just about to see him. Burying 0-4-0. That's him. What do we got, Frank? What is he? Wait a minute. Aircraft carrier coming right down the crew. Battle station torpedo. Make ready all tubes and stand by. 8,000 yards, sir. Closing fast. Lights crews on sound. Destroyer 6,000 yards. He's Echo Ranger, sir. Okay, Hertz. Bridge, what about those escorts? They're moving around, Captain. Looks like they know that stuff. Take it down any time. Keep your eye on them, Frank. We're going to stay up on the firing bearing now. You mean on the surface for the whole attack? They're looking for something submerged. Let's keep those side bearings coming. We'll stay up as long as we can. Okay, Captain. It's your party. Barry. Mark. 0-4-1. Range? Mark. 75, 00 yards. Set. He's right on, Captain. How much time? Learn, sir. Firing point in 15 seconds. All set. Ready to shoot. Another destroyer, sir. Lights crews, high speed. Turning this way. A destroyer coming right at us. Stand by forward. Bridge. I heard you. Shooting observation. Come on, give it to me. Break off, Captain. Diving. Put down his lights. Give me the carriers. Bearing. Bearing. Mark. All right, Frank. Clear the bridge. Get down here. 0-4-9. Set. Emergency. Take her down to 200 feet. Rig for depth charge. Rig for silent running. This destroyer had us cold, Captain. 600 yards won't have any trouble finding us now. Destroyer closer board, 0-5-0. Forget the destroyer. Sound got on that carrier. Listen for those torpedoes to hit. That's him. There he comes. Mark, what's the time on the torpedo run? 70 seconds. Get any second now. Down 40 feet. Come on. Get under. Get under. 75 seconds. That should be a hit. 80. He's trying to ram. Hang on. Missed us. He missed. Harris, did you hear a hit? Did you hear anything? No, sir. I don't know. That destroyer didn't hear anything. Missed. We missed. Down 70 feet. All right, sound. Get on that destroyer. We're playing target now. 200 feet, Captain. How far to the bottom? Another hundred. It's still hot. Echo ranging, sir. He hasn't got us yet. Just poking around. He's slowing down. Turning toward us now. Screws speeding up. Shifting short-scaled. He's got a contact. Here he comes. Coming on range. He's on us. He's dropped his charges. Four. Six. Seven. Eight. Hang on. Nine. Ten. Somebody help him with Harris. Turn down the volume. I get here. Get Harris out of here. Find the pharmacist. Keep him quiet. Those charges were right on. He looked right down at SARS. I guess we ran into an expert. Bergen, check all compartments. Report all damage. Yes, sir. Mac, get somebody on sound. I'll do it, sir. We're in for it, huh, Captain? Just hope she stays together. A beating and for nothing. The Captain tried. He had his chance. Check through the boat and pray none of the damage is beyond small, quiet repairs. Small and particularly quiet. After bilge is flooding, it's the captain's command. Because they thought he knew his job. They let him go to sea four times with seven million dollars in the lives of 82 men. Number one and two air banks emptied. Diving planes damaged. Losing depth control. He listens to the damage. Nothing fatal yet. But it isn't over. There's an expert up there. And he's got all the time in the world. And he's going to take it. We will return to escape in just a moment. But first, tomorrow night on Luxe Radio Theatre, Paul Douglas recreates his original screen role in an adaptation of the film play, 14 Hours, Terry Moore co-stars. Also tomorrow night, Agnes Moorhead stars in suspense's thrilling production of Charles Dickens' eerie tale, The Signal Man. Remember, on Luxe Radio Theatre, Paul Douglas in 14 Hours. On suspense, Agnes Moorhead in The Signal Man, both tomorrow night at the star's address. And now, back to escape. Captain waits. Waits and listens in silence. All operations are done by hand now. No pumps, no motors. All necessary movement by silent hands. No air conditioning, no fans. And the temperature climbs to 125 degrees. The boat slants at an odd angle. A bucket brigade bails endlessly from a flooding bilge. Empties it forward, hoping to level the boat. A working party tries to repair the damaged diving planes. Okay, okay. What's going on? Rest. How's it coming, then, does it? I can't tell, sir. She's jammed good. Might be able to do something bust her boy up there. How do the best you can? Sir, are you walking back to the cunning tower? Yeah. I'm on a good will to it. Fine, sir, but, uh, would you mind taking your shoes off? Make a terrible noise. Yeah, sure, I'm sorry. Silence. Silence means life. Captain Hall walks the ship silently. The men smile weekly as he passes. But underneath, he knows what they think. How much longer, Captain? How much more do we have to take? Captain is the brains. He knows. He should know. Seven.  Yeah, Jensen, we'll get out of it. Yeah, sit tight. Captain Hall makes the good will tour. Then back to the cunning tower to wait, wait, in the silent heat and sweat. The ship sweats too thick heavy humidity condensing on every possible surface. Like the steel was porous. Like the sea squeezing in. He's seen the men. He led them into this surface attack on a carrier. Be fast, get in close and make sure. But it didn't work. Now, work hard to breathe the same foul air they breathed for six, ten hours ago. He led them into this and for nothing. Turning this way. Very close again. Not anymore. Not anymore. Must be leaking oil. That's what gives him the spot. 100 feet. Not so bad. Could have been four. It's the oil. That's what he sees. That's all he needs. He's got us perfect. He must see something. That's enough. I said we're not leaking oil. Captain. What, Jensen? Can we get off the bottom, sir? Sure. When they get the diving planes in shape and when our friend clears the area we'll get up. Yeah, sure, we'll get up. Jensen, you want something to do take over the sound watch? Yes, sir. It's getting awful hot. How many depth charges do you think that gap's got? Too many, sir. Just too many. Light screws. He's going way off. Gonna get a good run at it. Maybe he thinks he scored a bullseye. Uh-uh. He's too good to make that kind of mistake. Thanks. You heard a big help. Go on. Get yourself. It's too hard to argue. Captain, maybe... Does he think he got us? Jensen, can you still hear him? Just barely, sir. Just barely. He's gone now, sir. I can't hear him. Captain? He's smart. Lie out there and wait. See if we move. That's the way we got to look at it. There's one thing he doesn't know. He got to wait anyway. All right. Settle down. You're all right. He's sick, sir.  It smells terrible in there.  It's all right. I'm all right. You better go to your bunk. No, sir. I'm all right. I like it here. I wouldn't know what was going on in my bunk. Fourteen hours. Fourteen hours and the destroyer is still up there. Well, he can't be hurt now. But there's a sense, a feel to it, like an animal in the night that isn't seen. He sunk subs before and knows how long a sub can hold out. The physical things, battery power, air. Life is gauged on those. But the men... The captain tells himself that he can hold out if necessary, but the men can take just so much. Which is worse, a depth charge attack or waiting for the next one. Captain, the admin does a diving plane working party just about complete a repair. Oh, what about it? Waiting for an answer, sir. Chief of the party request permission for one smack with a ten-pound sledge. What? Is he crazy? You can hear that through the water for ten miles. Chief says one good smack would free the plane, sir. Sound. Hear anything? Fish, sir. Just fish out there. Captain, maybe he has gone. But the plane's working, sir. We'd be our own boss again. You're the captain, sir. What's the difference? Don't! Don't let him, Captain, hear it. I know he'll hear it. Sound make a full sweep. Nothing, sir. Nothing at all. Okay, Mendoza, permission granted. One smack. Thank you, sir. Diving plane party. Permission granted. One smack. Make it good. Stand by. Echo ranging. I told you! I told you!   He's turning. Coming at us. He's dropping the way to starboard. He's at the range. He's not sure. He's turned away, sir. Going away at high speed. He lost us, Captain. He lost us. Mendoza, report from that damaged party. Reporting now, sir. Our planes work, sir. It's a jury rig, but they work. Captain, you think we could try to get out of here? Let's do it, Captain. We got the battery, but not much longer. If we can get up there, sir, even if he's still there, we got torpedoes. It's better than being blown apart down here. Battle station surface. Make ready all tubes and stand by. Surface. Surface. 30 feet. Leveling off. Up baroscope. Stand by, looking around. This sounds just setting. Full sweep. Surface, stand by, all tubes ready on all four engines. That's just clear. All right, open it up. Let's get some air. Smell. Smell that old boy. Open the main induction, start the bluers. Can't see anything. We're clear. Nothing to port. Wait a minute. Look at the sea, Captain. Out there. Oil. Oil, as far as you can see. Debris. Take a big ship to put out that much junk, Frank. You see it, Captain? That's why that baby gave us such a working over. You know what it means? Yeah, I see it. That's why the escort broke off attack. Probably went back to pick up survivors. What do you know? Konning Tower. Pass the word. We got the carrier. Right full rudder. Set a course for home. The course is due east. To the captain, the air smells fresh and sweet. Home with 82 men. 18 torpedoes left out of 24. But a captain who sinks a carrier doesn't have to worry about a desk job anymore. December 16. 1944. USS Amberfish, SS 593 completed her fourth war patrol. After experiencing severe depth charging from enemy forces she surfaced and confirmed sinking of large aircraft carrier. Then set course for Pearl Harbor. To the direction of Anthony Ellis, Escape has brought you pressure by Richard Chandlee starring William Conrad as the captain with Larry Thor as the narrator. Featured in the cast were Bob Sweeney, Hi Everback, Herbalus, Jerry Hausner, Frank Gerstle, Kurt Martell and Eddie Firestone. Sound effects were by Gus Bays, Ralph Cummings and Jack Sixsmith. The special music for Escape is composed and directed by Leith Stevens. Next week. You are seated before the dials of your radio receiver listening to a faint voice from the background. While the one who speaks with words of friendship is debating the destruction of your world. So listen next week when Escape brings you Michael Gray's exciting story The Invasion. You want pleasure in the daytime? Here are two things to do about it. For one, join Arthur Godfrey Monday through Friday. For another, you're welcome to CBS Radio's House Party starring Art Linkletter. Yes, Arthur Godfrey time and Art Linkletter's House Party every weekday on CBS Radio. This is Roy Rowan speaking. Remember, America's 45 million families listen most to the CBS Radio Network.


All right, we're excited about talking to a good friend of the show. We love the guy and Who better to ask about the Jets new quarterback? Then the one that every jet quarterback is measured against and that is the great Joe Namath the Hall of Famer And he joins us now on the Michael K. Show Joe. It's Michael Don and Peter. How are you our friend? You tell us what do you think of Sam Donald first game what would you what do you see? Well, it's just not the first game now. We've been watching him from about five He's been growing. He's gotten a better and better and I think we all expect them to keep getting better The way he played the other night. He almost doesn't appear to have a haste man. He's got to be pretty darn good All right, so take us through that first throw. He throws a pick six in his first-ever regular season game How do you think you would have been able to handle something like that? I just thrown it a little farther It's true I said the same thing No, are you surprised that he was able to bounce back the first pass he ever throws in an NFL game as a pick six He bounced back as if it didn't even bother him That's judging from the way he's carried himself so far even through Southern Cal You know, he won the coaching staff. Oh, I did about it Have you had an opportunity to talk with him yet, Joe? Just briefly before the giant game. I had a chance to visit with he and Josh and Teddy and Good vibes and did he didn't know did he I mean was he aware of your significance in jet history? Because it seems like he's a guy that knows what's going on. I Agree, I think he's well prepared for no matter what he does in life And he's just going to keep getting better things now when you left the jets that was going back to 77 now So we're talking you know 40 years Did you think that we'd still that you would still be compared to every quarterback that would come up that they did?  I promise you that tickled with where I was I was really I gotta say with the way the defense looked so fast and all man and was able to convert some plays and You know, we quarterbacks appreciate the running game and the running game looked great If we can get that offensive line to keep growing the limitations and they're yours, you know That's one of those things. So just one at a time and who knows man to play our song out of sight You know, it's interesting because we were talking about this earlier Joe I want to talk with Joe name it here on the Michael case show that I think that this this Sunday's game against the Dolphins is important because you want to keep that vibe going where you didn't just win the Opener, but you really showed on all three aspects of the game. Do you look at this game against the Dolphins is hey This is a game they should win Well, sure, they got a college to win but meantime they can be had You know the quarterback up at Detroit He's a pretty darn good quarterback, but the rest of the team Uh, I think they had some problems and the Jets made them look bad too. This Miami team Believe the Jets can beat them and they do too. So remains to be seen you guys know very well, man It's one week at a time Hey baseball these cats can all play So, uh, these guys got to stay hungry Now usually not all the time but usually a new quarterback new regime But you've got a head coach in his fourth year general manager as well has been here for a while and a new A new quarterback. So how do you feel about Todd bowls? And do you think that if this is a year in which the quarterback struggles Would it be fair to judge Todd bowls on that type of season? I think uh He's handled himself personally very well and the things that the team had been through and some of the personnel changes Haven't been easy But he has control of that team and uh, I think it's pretty clear that the players Believe in Todd right now. They believe in his leadership and his discipline and uh Some of the guys that aren't there anymore may not have had that kind of feeling and uh, I think I know I'm glad that Todd got another year This year and I expect to see him come back because I expect this team to improve throughout the year Joe, how much would it mean to you personally with just your history with this franchise if they could go on A nice run here and really build something over the next few years just for you personally. What would it mean? Personally, I get it, you know, I said this a few times over the years Coaches do change even ownership changes sometimes But we've had those fans there since 63 even some of the titan fans came over to long island and now out to jersey We have additional fans The players are trying as hard as they can possibly try to get a win and to win for the fans So we'll all be happy man, uh, if we can swing that and Hey, hey, if rookie quarterbacks from young players on the team, they're going to get better But don't argue for any limitations man one game at a time and who knows you might be in the playoffs I'm watching thursday night football last night, joe and there was a A ticky tack late hit on flacco and they threw a flag and Troy Aitman said I could see why Tom Brady wants to play till he's 45. He should change his mind as you play till he's 50 Anybody could play till they're 50 the way the rules are how and when you're watching games Do you do you think you said wow? I wish the rules were like that when I played I'm the male blunt to climb up on a offensive receiver and putting and I think all of the rules Uh for the players as well as the fans, man The tempo's up. It's faster. The the ball players are bigger stronger faster It should really enjoy that that the guy's in the stripes. We scratch us now Joe is a great follow on twitter at real joe nameth But if you played during the social media era, do you think you would have been on it social media? Or even quietly for that Joe can you imagine like in your day like if everybody had phones that were cameras? What would have happened at bachelor's three? No, I and you know what is have adjusted. I've adjusted. It's uh, it's a different world, man You got to stay on your toes and uh with social media. They they They sometimes make mistakes. Yeah, it was a long time ago. Forget about it No, I'm good at attainment. All right. We're talking with Joe Nameth now All things Joe Nameth go to Joe Nameth fanshop.com and you could enter the promo code broadway 12 at checkout And receive 15 off the site wide So offer is good throughout the weekend. Be sure to follow Joe Nameth on facebook instagram and twitter Joe before we let you go to nick sabin make the right decision naming two of the quarterback You know, I I didn't talk with nick before that but uh, and he didn't let on what was going to happen He did say early enough. Uh, the guy would win the job And uh, I I believe the right guy's playing it's hard to sit a cat that's 24 and two as a starter But uh tour looks like there's no doubt. He's a better passer and he's also quick on his feet So yeah, I nick doesn't make many mistakes And finally just to you know double back on on darnold when you're looking at him joe What do you think he does very well and what do you think he has to improve on? You know, I even though he's showing that he's capable of adjusting if it's uh, uh, not the number one receiver two three four You keep that running game going. I'm gonna be just fine Good stuff joe. We always love talking to you. Thanks so much for giving us some time Thank you


This is the last lecture in the materials chemistry course which I have titled as perceptions and projections. So far we have looked at various aspects of materials and the course has been divided mainly into two parts. One to deal with different approaches to make materials and how to characterize them and the other major part has been to study in terms of it applications in photonics, electronics and in magnetism. In the first few modules we have stressed in the on the need for chemistry routes and how chemical principles can be applied to make materials and specially nano materials in bulk form and in thin film forms and also as single crystals how materials can be made using soft and unconventional wet chemical routes. In the second part of this course we have mainly looked at topical studies basically on magnetism and on the electronic properties and on photonic properties. I would like to quickly recap in this lecture on some of the essential things that we touched upon as projections in the very first lecture I had mentioned what we would be studying in this course. I just want to recap on all those items our issues that we have seen so far and also in between I will try to project some of the crucial research evidences that are needed in materials chemistry which will deeply affect the applications. So let me quickly run through some of the slides which will give us a quick recap of what we have seen in the last 30 odd lectures and then we will see how we can look forward to extending some of these materials which has shown potential applications. To start with we listed several modules that would comprise this course module 1 to 7 and each of this module was particularly designed to drive home theme and module 1 was mainly highlighted in order to bring about the issues related to chemical synthesis and we have seen over half a dozen of chemical roots and we will also quickly touch upon some of the chemical principles that we have learnt in this course and in module 2 we have seen some of the characterization techniques which are inevitable to elucidate the structure of new and known materials that we prepare. Chapter 3 is about the characterization techniques and chapter 2 we have looked at the physical roots that is thin film roots and in 4 to 6 we have looked at several case studies on different materials. As I told you that materials chemistry and the need for studying materials chemistry as a course mainly because it is integrating almost all the branches of chemistry physical, organic, inorganic and polymer chemistry all these together put together gives a very good flair for understanding materials world. Therefore materials chemistry almost acts like a hub to bring several researches to a common platform therefore there is no more demarcation between physical, organic or inorganic that is one of the very very important influence of materials chemistry and not only within the branch of chemistry but around the sphere of chemistry we have seen technology, material science, biology and physics all merging together with materials chemistry principles or activities and therefore it has led to a very crucial role for materials chemistry to bring many branches of science and engineering together therefore it has been an interesting journey for us to see how so many groups can merge to attack new materials which are useful for functional applications. One of the few insights that we have derived from material synthesis that is in module 1 is to understand new material principles especially those which are not known to a common chemist and in that we have actually looked at conventional wet chemical roots and non-conventional wet chemical roots and the conventional one most of us are obviously exposed to but here also I have brought in number of discussions or number of examples on combustion root which is not well known but still it is one of the most popular emerging tool in wet chemistry roots. And also I have discussed with you about solids solution precursor technique which is one of the very useful approaches to make materials in a very quantitative way and I will also show some of our recent results to impress upon the solid solution precursor technique why it is going to govern the materials chemistry field for a longer time period. In non-conventional root we have emphasized on microwave based research and using sonochemistry which is a secondary effect on making materials it is not a direct interaction but we use the secondary effect to make nano materials and we also have looked so far into other non-conventional roots that is hydrothermal and crystal growth techniques. We will look at one of the example that I showed in the precursor root in the early part of this course that is on solid solution precursors and this was one of the view graph that I showed to highlight how using a single molecule we can diversify our area of interest. For example start with aluminum Q3 complex which is a well-known organic semiconductor compound which has a very high mobility very high photo luminescence but using this compound as a base material merely doping some amount of lanthanum or some amount of chromium or strontium or yttrium you can actually get into diverse areas of application where you can prepare LAEL O3 which is a very good template or single crystal that is used in thin film industry we can use the same approach to prepare YAC which is a laser material Ruby which is a laser material and strontium aluminate which is a phosphor material. So just start with organic molecule but you end up with several inorganic photonic materials that is the power of the solid solution precursor root and we have shown using aluminum Q3. Also we can we have emphasized in this novel solid solution precursor what is fundamental to this approach we have shown in AL Q3 or chromium doped cobalt doped aluminum lanthanum doped or yttrium doped ones the main emphasis there is the solid solution and the solid solution is nothing but those which show same X-ray crystallography or same crystal morphology in other words we talk about a iso structural situation. So if all the components are showing iso crystal nature structural nature then it is possible for you to put any amount of different metals as long as you can preserve the same crystal symmetry and we have shown how all this can act as precursors to get a range of compounds and as you see all these precursors before they are calcined to the respective oxides they are all photoluminescent and such precursors have been reported for the first time and we also have shown in the previous example how this sort of technologically important oxides can be prepared out of this. We have also shown in one of the earlier lectures how zinc Q2 can also be used this is something similar to AL Q3 what we have seen in the previous two slides zinc Q2 is a potential precursor again using the concept of solid solution we can dope cadmium in ZnQ2 because cadmium Q2 and ZnQ2 are iso structural so if you put one in other you do not see any phase segregation and this can act as a very good precursor for cadmium doped zinc oxide and similarly we can start with zinc Q2 and dope with manganese and we can get zinc oxide doped with manganese I will come in next few slides to show you some of our own recent result and emphasize why the solid solution precursor root is going to go a long way and similarly we can prepare ZnQ2 with nickel doping and you can get nickel doped zinc oxide which is also ferromagnetic in nature a breakthrough result leading to dilute magnetic semiconductor so we can derive from the solid solution approach and as you would see in the next few slides that this is the dilute magnetic semiconductor that we are talking about this is ordinary semiconductor and when you put paramagnetic ions then they show paramagnetism of this order which is usually seen in 3 6 2 6 semiconductors but once you add holes to it then you can ferromagnetically order these spins and as a result you can actually get ferromagnetic signal in gallium nitrate doped with manganese so this is a emerging fast emerging one and other suitable example is manganese doped gallium arsenate these are turning out to be dilute magnetic semiconductors at room temperature now we have also taken the same challenge but we want to incorporate this magnetic impurities exactly in the zinc side in ZnO and using the solid solution precursor as you would see here we can try to get a very highly stoichiometric compound in the form of Zn manganese oxide which is 2% manganese or 10% manganese and one important thing is this is log intensity plot that is why you see too noisy when you plot it in log intensity even smaller impurities can be highlighted and you can see very well here that there is no extra peak even in log intensity which means even at 10% you do not see any phase segregation of manganese and this is very important because this is the first time ever we are able to see such a trend in manganese doped zinc oxides reported either by chemical roots are in thin film form now the most important feature that I want to draw your attention to is this magnetization versus field plot and for the first time we are seeing any sample that is heated above 600 degrees or say at 900 degree C is showing a very strong ferromagnetic signal it has never been reported in any of the earlier literature reports where magnesium doped zinc oxide shows magnetic behavior at room temperature for any compound that is heated beyond 700 degree C why because it is impurity which gets transformed beyond 700 and therefore only that impurity induced phase is active below 700 degree C so for the first time we are showing that if you take a precursor root it is possible to carefully dope manganese in the zinc site without any phase segregation as a result we can stabilize a dilute magnetic semi conducting phase and this is one of the very novel result that would take this wet chemistry root to a long way what is the beauty and why we are able to stabilize such a magnetic phase even though you heat it up to high temperature is the simple analogy that you can get out of a thermo gravimetric analysis as you would see here all this BZT is a Benz thiosol based compound so if you are actually doping this and your thermally decomposing you can clearly see that the decomposition is extended up to 600 degree C where the manganese oxygen bond seems to be much stronger than zinc oxide bond as a result as long as manganese oxygen bond is there it is not going to allow any other secondary phase to form so the simple thermo gravimetric analysis clearly gives an account for why a delayed formation of impurity phase is affected and this is a simple procedure by which we can effectively dope magnetic impurities into a semiconductor as you would see here we can even try with other substitutions or other ligands a similar trend is noted therefore this is for the first time we are documenting that a solid solution precursor can be used to unravel this mystery and we also have introduced several other with chemical roots and non with chemical roots or non conventional roots one of the thing that we have highlighted is the use of sonochemical synthesis and as I we have already discussed its cavitation process which gives a hot spot and this hot spot is able to stabilize nano materials and through this ultrasound effect we can make a host of nano materials which can be rendered in different form either as a sulphide or as a oxide or as a poly or as a support on a catalyst surface we can realize this in many forms provided we start with the right combination and conditions one highlight of the sonochemical process is that you can prepare everything in amorphous form which means you can go down to 1 to 2 nanometer in size and because of the strength of able to prepare nano materials in such a small dimension what we have seen is what is observed as a magnetic phase in crystalline situation where 20 and 30 percent of platinum doped alloys are supposed to be ferromagnetic whereas this is supposed to be non-magnetic in crystalline phase but in amorphous we are able to see that in all cases it is turning out to be to be ferromagnetic. So this is completely confusing the predictions rendered by crystalline phases or by equilibrium phase diagram. So the sonochemical approach seems to hold lot of potential to prepare materials which cannot be ferromagnetically ordered at room temperature and this is mainly because of a unusual interaction of the sound waves therefore we foresee that lot more excitements are in store using sonochemical process we have also highlighted the use of microwave how microwaves can be used for a controlled reaction a chemical reaction it could it could require a thermodynamic condition or a kinetic condition in either way microwave synthesis seems to take care of the kinematically controlled and thermodynamically controlled processes and this is one of the view graph that we have shown earlier to show how such processes can be used lot of conventional commercial instruments are now available for material synthesis this is one such view graph to highlight how zinc oxide can be made and how this are made as nanopods and how exposure of microwave can influence the photo luminescent studies for example we have shown that if you just expose the zinc oxide for two hours in microwave you get this characteristic 380 nanometer peak whereas if you are going to expose the microwave for a longer time at 4 hours you totally kill this 380 nanometer emission and what you see is a defect induced emission that is coming. So this gives a clear idea how the chemical synthesis has to be fine-tuned and controlled and how they can be very selective and specific in making materials of different composition and also I have highlighted where whenever you look for metastable phases or unusual oxidation states in oxides you can always resort to a very very important approach that is hydrothermal and I have also shown in this view graph these are beautiful crystals of CRO2 which is used in magnetic recording industry and how gems can also be made selectively using hydrothermal condition we looked at all the requirements for making compounds with different morphology and composition and how hydrothermal root can help us resolve this. We also looked at several combination of techniques in physical vapour method one of the most important one that we saw is the use of molecular beam epitaxy which we call as MBE and in this MBE approach I have shown you examples of how to start from the scratch you can put atomic layer by atomic layer to even develop a single unit cell and then you can go for multi layers so that is what we call it as monolayers so monolayers to multi layers and then you can transcend to a three dimensional lattice so just with few atoms deposited on a single crystal substrate what is the magnetic origin of any material that we can talk about for example iron for that matter alpha iron is a BCC which is a magnetic material whereas gamma iron is a FCC compound but it is not a material of choice because it is not magnetic but once we construct we can see what is the minimum thickness that is needed when you grow it on a single crystal when it transcends from FCC to a BCC compound and I have shown you how critically we can monitor and thanks to all the characterization tools that are available through which we can easily map a atomic level deposition and from going from one monolayer to other monolayer how the magnetic influence happens and as a example I have shown the different growth mode it can go through a island mode it can go through a two dimensional mode it can go through island plus layer by layer mode and if that is the case then how we can realize different materials for example I talked about one dimensional wires I talked about two dimensional wires or two dimensional films and also I had talked about artificial layers artificial layers of two immiscible alloys for example iron copper is the example that I have shown how two elements which are not miscible at all can be made to form as alloy if you can forcibly grow a layer by layer growth of two dimensional layers so this is one classic example where you see if you start with just one atomic plane if you keep on going then you can get a bulk property somewhere around 8 to 10 monolayers so this is one of the very grand demonstration of how you can control in atomic scale a deposition to realize unknown alloys which are not known in mother nature and also I have highlighted the use of another very useful technique which has actually covered almost all the range of materials that one can think of to translate from a bulk to a thin film form that is pulse laser deposition and how this pulse laser deposition operates what are the limits to it and what is the condition in which we can do it and most of the thin films that are being studied for device application today specially from oxide electronic point of view it is all governed by pulse laser deposition because it is very versatile and we can easily modulate the conditions for making oxide electronics just to show one view graph of what we have discussed earlier we can make very sharp interfaces between a substrate this LAO lanthanum aluminate is a substrate whereas lanthanum manganese oxide is the material that you are depositing and you can see very clearly each dot is nothing but an atom and on each atom you can see the regularity with which the lattices are growing and we call this as a epitaxial growth so epitaxial growth can be affected on a very very very sophisticated way in an atomic level dimension especially when you adopt a pulse laser deposition view and another equally useful technique that I have projected in this course is pulse electron deposition this is not just confined only to metallic materials but the chief advantage of this is to extend to any sort of material including semiconductors and insulators as an example I have also shown to you how this process can be made and one example that I have discussed earlier is to bring in a rich chemistry between organic and inorganic interface iron PTFE iron this is a trial layer how we can make such devices here these are fabricated at IIT and you can see that each of the layers have a very clear morphology from the AFM pictures and this sort of trial layer devices can be made to even observe the critical dimension that is needed for this tunneling magnetor resistive device to operate and I have also shown that what is the thickness limit at which this device can be made and how difficult it is to control this thickness because you are talking about a two-dimensional growth. And then we have looked into many useful characterization techniques especially limited to some which are very sophisticated and they carry rich information into any material that you study. So in characterization techniques we have looked at several issues basically on X-ray diffraction but I have also looked in looked more carefully into X-ray absorption studies which is a light source experiment and what are the principle behind this X-ray absorption spectroscopy and what is that we infer out of it we have seen that in detail and the source for X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a synchrotron radiation where your beam is accelerated and it comes out with very high kinetic energy as a result you have very high resolution even to atomically very very low level percentage of material is there in your compound then you will be able to resolve it with lot of certainty. So we have seen how a synchrotron source is different from a traditional X-ray source that we use in our X-ray diffraction techniques and what information that we can get out of it and we also looked at other surface analysis techniques which are there I could not deal with you with this techniques ion spectroscopies in detail for want of time but we have looked more carefully into another technique that is XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and then I have also discussed about a very fairly simple technique which does not call for much material preparation or sophisticated instrument which is thermal analysis we call it TGA combined with DTA and DSC all this are a combined thermal analysis techniques by which we can get several useful information which are listed here and I have discussed in details how this thermal analysis technique although it looks very very simple it can provide rich evidences into the mechanistic approaches of material synthesis even in this lecture I have shown you how zinc benzythazole complexes give a clue to why we can easily dope manganese on zinc oxide and we have seen all these principles in detail with examples and lastly we have taken up several case studies of different materials which are functionally important some materials are important from the electronic properties some from the photonic properties and some from magnetic point of view and we have taken you through a course of case studies where in each lecture we have discussed one particular group of materials and here we have highlighted colossal drop in resistance in a series of compound one in bulk and which is actually related to manganese three-dimensional manganese and we have looked at multi layers this sort of combination of iron chromium which also paved the way through several noble price winning work and today whatever we are handling in terms of iPod or many of the memory storage devices are mainly due to the phenomena of magneto resistance and I have shown you several examples of how we can study these compounds one of the compounds that show a huge drop in resistance is this perovskite magnets which I have distinctly mentioned as a genie inside a small lattice is just a small unit cell but the rich chemistry that you understand by doping the magnet site and the lanthanum site brings about several combination of electronic and magnetic features therefore we have studied that in detail and just to remember what is important we just coined the three words three letters called XRD just to easily remember XRD X for the amount of doping that you can do or for the average size that governs the perovskite and the dimensionality how we can tune the magnetic property in this materials and also I have highlighted to you how this compounds the multi layers are useful in rotating the magnetic alignment so with the magnetic field and without the magnetic field how anti ferromagnetically aligned material gets ferromagnetically aligned in one direction as a result you see a drop in resistance as a function of field and this is the magnet of resistance so we have seen that in detail and also we had one lecture exclusively to highlight the need for superconductivity because it affects the electric sector power sector in a greater way and we have seen how chemistry has played a vital role in bringing about new discoveries as you see here these are all alloys or inter metallics which has shown superconductivity below 35 40 40 Kelvin for very long time for over 70 years we have lived with this inter metallics but thanks to the materials chemistry which has really skyrocketed this TC in just two three years time starting from 1986 where we have seen a tremendous improvement in highlighting the high DC story and as you see here the TC has now reached up to 160 but this is not enough for functional applications and to realize room temperature superconductivity we need to look for newer material although the cuprids have by and large held this excitement for long time but we are actually running short of ideas we are not able to improve more than three layer corporate morphology as a result we are not able to transcend beyond 160 Kelvin for a long time so what is need of the R is a room temperature superconductor which can show absolute resistance without any without any resistance and that can actually transcend to be the material of choice so lot of research is still going on there are some excitements along the way like magnesium bromide has shown a view that borates can also offer excitement in the same field but this is not enough because magnesium borate shows TC below 45 K and that is not enough so to stick on to the story of high temperature superconductivity we need to look for something which we and which can go much more closer to room temperature so such rich research has to be engineered and materials chemistry will be very important we also looked at another important field that is the new carbon additives in the carbon family and we also saw the emergence of fuller ins nanotubes and graphene which has added to our understanding of the traditional understanding of graphite and diamond and we looked into several aspects of the structure properties that are related we looked at how the way the nanotubes are rolled from a simple two-dimensional carbon sheet how we can get a semi metal or metal or a semiconductor carbon nanotubes and whether it is a single wall or a multi wall all depends on how the configuration is and to make this more useful for other applications we have also looked at the several substitutions that can go one is exohedral fuller ins where you can actually cap it with some metal centers in order to use this for applications so these are called exohedral fuller ins this is one with the osmium as a core the other one with the iridium as a core we have to design new materials for functional applications we also have looked into some of the examples of photonic materials and we understood from one couple of lectures on organic photonics how this organic molecules can be used for OLED applications once is important example is the emissive layer that which is very much responsible for tuning color in organic LEDs and what is the role of the whole transport layer what is the role of electron transport layer and how materials synthesis is very important in designing different molecules we have looked into the basic understanding of how this OLED operates and apart from all this internal reflection loss how we can improve on the quantum efficiency which we harvest from the singlet exciton so we looked into the EL process which is responsible for getting a very good LED response and we have seen also several examples to show how important device making is is crucial in a LED structure because what you see as a photo luminescent behavior of a particular compound need not necessarily be translated to a electro luminescent behavior for example if you take the case of zinc Benz thiazole as a active material you see it can give a white light against a green light which is predicted mainly because of the broadening that happens in the OLED structure and that is reflected due to a phenomena called X complex so although you can make material making a device has its own demand and therefore that is very crucial so the engineering part of it or the device fabrication point of it has to go hand in hand with the material tuning and therefore material synthesis is going to be very important and then we also looked at several examples of phosphor materials how they are used in today's CRT applications and what are the need for it and one other lecture we looked more closely into polymer based solar cells and what are the applications of that how a traditional solar cell will behave and what are the parameters that we should look for to fine tune the material so that we can get maximum efficiency and we looked at some of the popular compounds that are used as acceptors and donors which can generate excitons for example this is a hybrid molecule of fuller in that is used as an electron acceptor PCBM is used as an electron acceptor and this sort of fluorine molecules are actually used as electron donors and how the combination of these will affect the photo luminescent for the solar conversion energy conversion and the last of all that we have seen in solar cells is the Dyson's Dyson's solar cell and that seems to have a greater efficiency than any of the hetero junction solar cells and we have also looked into other examples of materials which are promising for application in solar cells in essence if we look at both the electronic materials and the photonic materials what is the forecast and what what do we have to look forward to and where do we go from here there are some useful articles which has appeared in nature materials and other nature magazines which I just want to highlight one or two just to show what are the limitations that we face in today's materials chemistry and what are the challenges that are ahead of us here is a article on a model ferromagnetic semiconductor interview with the Nitin has brought about the need for understanding the material synthesis and here is a prediction on gallium nitride doped with manganese which shows ferromagnetism and this has been studied as a model compound for all the dilute magnetic semiconductors when he when he was asked about one question whether materials aspect are well understood as of now what Nitin has to say is that it is yes and no because what he has found is that under very high sophisticated sophisticated fabrication conditions a very clean dilute magnetic phase could be made and in other cases it has been a controversial results therefore what he says is growth based on MB method seems to be by far the safest route where you do not get into any issue of external impurities adding to the confusion therefore what is important that we need to understand in understanding ferromagnetism at room temperature in semiconductors we need still more refined parameters both from characterization point of view as well as from synthesis point of view but what has been told so far is that using MB they have attempted even to dope up to 24 percent of manganese in gallium arsenide but yet what they could not understand is even though they increased the doping level they could not increase the TCA because if if it has to obey the Weigert's rule then with more and more of manganese doping in the semiconductor you should have seen a little bit of linearity in the increase in TC which they have not found so lot more sophistication is needed to elucidate the origin of room temperature ferromagnetism and here is another interview with Scott Chambers who has worked on semiconductors for a very long time and question asked to him is is the magnetism in dilute magnetic semiconductors which is truly ferromagnetic and one of the question that was posted to Scott is do you think we have better tools today to elucidate the origin of ferromagnetism and the answer is yes and he says in my view one of the most useful and positive outcomes in the research of high TC DMS has been the refinement of experimental tools that can zero in on the magnetic dopant and elucidate the bonding environment. The characterization tools that he has highlighted are X-ray absorption studies as I highlighted to you in the previous slides then X-ray linear dichroism X-ray circular dichroism because that is the one which will tell whether the light that is coming out of this photonic material is plane polarized or not therefore you need such very critical diagnostic tools to understand if truly what we are talking about magnetic semiconductors is true or not. So we can sort of say that the research is mature in order to understand whether there is a intrinsic ferromagnetism or not or whether it is coming from any external impurities as we suggest and here is another commentary made by Hono and co-workers a window to the future of spinronics where he says that a paramagnetic state of a material can be driven into a ferromagnetic state by electrically driving that to be a ferromagnet and this is the principle of dilute magnetic semiconductor and if we call any material to be truly a dilute magnetic semiconductor then it has to display behavior of this sort where with different operation voltage you can see a ferromagnetic loop is emerging at a critical temperature of 22.5 K. So if you design any material and you truly call this to be a dilute magnetic semiconductor then it has to show a gate voltage dependence of resistance against field and this is a resistance against field plot which shows a hysteresis with different gate voltage. So this is one of a important signature that we should have in mind when we try to generate a magnetic material and this material is supposed to be a room temperature ferromagnet then this is the sort of response that you would look for and another important area that has been recently highlighted is high efficiency dye sensitive solar cell about which we have talked in the earlier slide with the ferrocene based electrolytes. As you know in dye sensitive solar cell we have the electrolyte which is usually iodide iodine electrolyte and one of the reason that this has a severe limitation although you have a very good efficiency of the order of 12% is that it is corrosive in nature and therefore it is more complex in understanding the redox chemistry there. So this is a group which has recently published in nature chemistry where they have replaced the iodine iodide electrolyte with the ferrocene ferrocenium single electron redox couple which is fairly a good one a stable molecule and using this they have improved on the energy efficiency up to 7.5% and these are emerging stories from dye sensitive solar cell and these are very practical and very easy to fabricate but the chemistry that is going on in this dye sensitive solar cell has to be trimmed or modified in a much better way and this is the organic sensitizer which they have used and one of the ferrocene based dye sensitive solar cell seems to have efficiency up to 7.5 interestingly they have a very good open circuit voltage and the fill factor is up to 73 which is not a bad number as you see from this curve and another important advancement in the solar cell is the use of organic semiconductor in this case it is a rubyrene based one which has a symmetry it is a symmetric molecule and this molecule seems to be able to undergo a singlet fission into two triplets and this triplet seems to be increasing the photo current therefore the efficiency of the solar cell is very easily manageable or we can improve on the efficiency the point here that we need to understand is if we can get very good photo current and then we need to form this layer rubyrene layer in a very critical dimension and the dimension of this has to be nearly in 2 to 10 nanometers so control of this rubyrene which is an organic film and to control in that dimension is the challenge so if we can do that then we can bring about a new generation of a solar cell with the organic semiconductors like rubyrene so there are lot of forecast and new developments that are coming in this fashion which needs to be taken into consideration we also looked at another important module on magnetic materials mainly we tried to look at the various group of magnetic materials and then we looked specific examples of ferromagnetic materials which are useful for functional applications and then we also looked in this module into several classification of this ferromagnetic materials and one of the example that we touched upon is the magnetic storage and how particulate mediated materials and the thin film mediated materials can affect the magnetic storage in a larger way and another important application of this magnetic materials is the shape memory alloy which has found application in variety of areas including biomedical devices we also looked at how the cardiovascular stents are made of this shape memory alloys which can actually hold a very critical technology with high degree of specificity and we looked at examples of how this shape memory alloys can be used for various design of this material and this is one of the other view graph which we have seen in one of the earlier course showing what is critical about the design of this shape memory alloys lastly I would like to conclude by acknowledging all the people who are involved in this course especially I would like to record my thanks to ministry of human resource and development who have taken extra pain to bring these lectures on a web based mode video based lectures so that many people can be profited I hope that these lectures on materials chemistry would be useful and specially want to record my thanks to NPTEL organizes the nodal point has been IIT Chennai I want to thank the coordinator and the director of IIT for letting me do this course and it has been a challenging time so I want to record my appreciation also to administration at IIT Kanpur who have provided a very excellent recording studio and the friendly atmosphere provided by the NPTEL crew at IITK has been fantastic and we have enjoyed their courtesy especially recording and editing has been superb so I want to place my record thanks on record for all that they have invested and I hope that these series of lectures that I have provided would bring some perception into the challenges that a chemist will face in a materials world and how important a simple chemistry principle can take you long way into applications so I just conclude with this and also thanks to the viewers


relationship with your new OC side downing. How is that developing and what are some of the things you like about what he brings to the table as far as maybe continuity or anything like that? I mean well I've been with Todd for sure in 2019 and kind of the same thing. He just took over just like Art did. He's been off into a coordinator before so you know we are ready to see what we can all do together and you know they're trying to put it all together. We've got the week. I haven't been here in the whole time and we've got them working hard and building and going to chemistry and you know pushing each other and then just competing and you know getting better on both sides of the ball and that's all you know we want us to do. Just compete every day. Come in and pay attention. Pay attention to the little things, the details, fundamentals. Give all your effort and finish you know you're in practice so that's all we've been focusing on you know trying to do the best we can. Kayla. Hey Derek. Obviously we see all of your off-season workout videos. Enjoy those. What is kind of the goal for you in the off-season when you're doing these individual workouts? Do you take any time off? Basically just doing something like I've been doing each and every off-season. Working out, staying in shape, getting ready for the season, ready for a training camp so my body feels good. You know we come back and get to work. We've been doing two-a-days and all those different types of things and working out with Melvin. You know he can get me right. It's different ideas all the workouts he comes up with is making sure my body is in shape and you know running hills and doing stuff on the field and just working on everything possible that I can get better at. So I'm ready when I come back. Do you add anything you know year to year new things to incorporate in your workouts or you just kind of keep the same same routine year to year? It's really on Melvin. You know what he sees throughout the season. What he thinks I need to work on or you know get better at as far as my body and things that he feels like he helped me with and you know I listen to him and then try working on those things and you know incorporate it to you know football and on the field and you know all those type of things just so I can get better and be better whenever I come back. Teresa and Derek just to follow up on that when when you're working is it do you find do you work on conditioning? Is it a specific body part? Is it you know what is it that you've been in the league for a while now? What is it that you're trying to maintain at this point? I just work on everything. I work on everything each and every year. You know I feel like I always get better at everything and that's what I try to work on each and every day. I'm away during the offseason. That's all I try to focus on trying to get rid of everything. Box? Yeah Derek I know Julio made it down to Dallas for one of those training sessions. How hard was the recruiting pitch to him then? Not really recruiting. No just trying to get some work in. He was in town and he wanted to get some work in and he put up on us and we ran and did a workout and you know just this talk catching up and just talking about what was going on and now he's here so you know I'm glad to have him as a teammate and I'm excited to get to work with him. Lenin?  What made you sort of take to the social media to kind of campaign for the trade that brought him here and did you ever hear any feedback about that from Julio or you know from the John Robinson or the coaches anything like that? No I was just saying tighten up and you know that would be cool if you know we were to get him here and you know be able to be able to play with him. Everybody knows he started playing years when he ran to the table so I just tried to do my best to pitch him to get here and obviously it kind of worked. That's what I was going to ask do you feel like I mean I know it was a trade that brought him here but do you feel like you you did play a small part maybe in you know helping it helping it happen? Well I had a bigger role but I'm finishing it a little bit I'll try to at least. Thank you. A couple more for Derek. Terry? Terry why don't you type your question and we can ask it for you and Taran if you want to ask in the meantime. Terry coming in from large. My question is in regards to what Julio brings to the table and just how it opens things up for for you as at the back can you just kind of get into what that does to add it into the picture? Well I mean he's a dynamic player. One of not the best receivers in this league so you know he's definitely respected by defenses and you know I mean I don't want to get into all the you know boxes and you know there's different types of scenarios I think we just try to pull it all together while we're here and just try to work and you know try to make each other better and you know each and every day you know likes to work hard I like to work hard and that's all you know we're trying to bring to the table you know as far as being teammates and you know the whole team is making each other better I really get into you know what what this be like and that would be like this trying to put it all together come here work every day get better be a great teammate and see what you can do. Gentry? Yeah Derek I know yours and Julio's pass at Alabama didn't cross quite at the same time but did you get to know him much at all through that and and because of kind of a shared background do you have a little bit better idea what what to expect what you guys are getting out of Julio given you know given the fact you guys both play to the same place? Um yeah when I was up I used to come back all the time and you know got to know him you know through that time and you know actually when I was coming out of the draft and you know I got to train with him when he came back to Alabama as well and then this you know seeing him and hanging out with him all my time throughout the league and you know you know his body of work and how he plays and what type of 30 is and you know we both come back coming from Bama we both know each other's mindset and you know what we want to do and you know it's just a great guy to have around you know he was a humble guy loving the work hard and a great teammate and be a great asset you know for this team and you know for everybody to learn from one of the greats that play this game. All right I got Terry's here. What are the new challenges for you and the offense after such an outstanding year last year? Set again? What's the challenges for you and the offense after such an outstanding year last year? Um I don't think we um looking at what's the new challenge I think it's just us you know just trying to be better um at everything that we do as far as on offense um individually collectively and just just growing you know and helping each other grow and um you know just competing um hold each other accountable and you know just doing the things we need to do as a team um all the way and then we get back here just try to pull it all together that's just working hard hard work it's always hard work because the ground and I think we all know that and I think you know it takes you know takes time and just you know try to push each other um day by day to be the best we can be once you're done. Last two questions Jim Wyatt. I guess they got two quick ones one did you did you literally oh know that you wore number two I guess during your rookie year uh at the start? Uh no I didn't I didn't know what number he was going to shoot I didn't know what was happening with that but um you know it fit some and you know we already found his number. And as far as Kari uh how was your relationship with him kind of on and off the field evolved and how much credit do you give him so for some of the success you have? Um yeah uh you know um you know we talk um time to time during the off season no just checking in one another see how each other's doing um and um you know Kari does all the dirty work and you know you know he's a big part of my success definitely appreciate him through all the years with the success I had and um I'm glad we still have him and you know another season with him and he's doing a great job for us. Last question Paul. Hey Derek uh Julio's got a great reputation for downfield blocking I'm wondering if you feel like with he and Josh you guys will be as good uh with that downfield or maybe better than ever? Um I can't say and you know until that time comes but you know um you know uh I was watching those guys how they play and I know they you know take pride in blocking uh and I'm glad to have them um when I squad those guys I want to block and get there get in there and um you know give me space definitely appreciate that so you know whenever we get back to camp and be able to practice and do that chemistry um can't wait when we find to be out there grinding and putting the work in.


Hello everybody, this is Shereen Kapoor. Welcome back to my YouTube channel. I had to come back to my YouTube today and make a video on immigration plans that Sean Frazier, Minister Sean Frazier has recently announced maybe yesterday, as I'm sure it's all over the internet. You can go find the figures, numbers of how their data looks like, but I'm going to talk about what is the impact, what is what you can expect, and you know what is the long-term and short-term goals for the immigration department. So it's a very important first of all for you to understand that Canadian immigration is all dependent on Canadian economy, is all dependent on Canadian immigration, because a lot of the fiscal deficit is going to be covered by the immigrants. This is one thing that was sure by the economic minister as well, because immigrants obviously when immigrants come, they bring with them money, they bring with them opportunities for local people, and that is one of the major things in holistically you have to keep in mind. The second thing is that what they have announced when they when it comes to the immigration level plans, they have obviously increased the number from 411,11 lakhs, something to 432 lakhs. So obviously that means the level of immigrants have increased. However, the focus again like last year is going to be to make the local people here transition into permanent residency. So what do I mean by that when I say is that TR to PR is going to be something that they want to cover in this year plus next year. They want to also cover the PNPs, people who are already studying here, people who are already here. Of course, there is no news about Canadian experience class, which should have been and that is a disappointment which a lot of people are saying in immigration. It's a disappointment because people's post-graduation work permit are expiring and some work permits for a lot of LMI applicants are expiring. They are unable to renew because it's again LMI is dependent on the employer and hence it's kind of a tough time for those people. But however, when it comes to express entry, the government has promised that express entry draws are going to be there. It's not this year, but especially FSW, I'm talking about it's not this year, then probably next year and next to next year they're going to call in about 111 something applicants from that particular draw and this year also there is going to be a 50,000 to 60,000 applications that are going to be taken in from express entry. So let's be clear on the facts that now what is going to work. Of course, we can't cry and grip over the situation. Even when I talk to anybody in the immigration, they say it's an unprecedented situation. It is something that is not in our hands and hence we need to be very practical in the approach.  As immigration lawyers, you can understand that our work is also partially affected. But again, there are alternative ways of working around the programs which are temporary. So all these budgeting plans and all these immigration plans are coming out for permanent residents. How TR will be converted to PR or how people will come as economic immigrants. So but there are other programs which nobody talks about and which of course is again a temporary entry to Canada. So today I'm going to tell you about those temporary residence programs which are available to you and which you should keep in mind because their processing is happening, everything is taking place. Let's talk about temporary residence. According to the law, temporary residence can be of three types. It can be a visit visa. Of course, you're not going to come on visit unless you have a purpose. It can be a work permit and it can be a study visa. So a lot of our applicants are now trying to divert towards work permit and we encourage that practice because there are work permits which are easily available like the intra company work permit, like the self-employed work permit or the LMI approved work permits. So there are certain kind of things that are happening. Of course, starter visas again a permanent resident application that is again they are taking. So they have mentioned 1000 applications from economic federal business that is impliedly starter visa. So for a particular span of year. So you have to keep in mind that there are alternative options available and you should work around those alternative options. Now when it comes to processing delays in work permit or processing delays in any other temporary application also, it is also because IRCC was lacking staff, was lacking the kind of AI systems which they are now developing. They are hiring, they have, honestly, they have hired here 800 more officers and that is something that you need to see in a positive light. I understand time is not right. It is a situation which has never happened before with them also. But in the end, immigrants are the only people who can pull them up, be it via student visa because you bring in money and give it to the university and again it's money coming in the economy.  So again, it is a beneficial program for them. The only thing we have to assess is you should be eligible to apply for the same. So if you are eligible and you need an assessment be it study visa or be it temporary residence or be it even permanent resident application under starter visa, you can let us know when we are there for you, we can help you, we can guide you. I myself believe in absolute honesty advisory. If I don't think a client is eligible for a program, I don't really recommend that. Even you must have heard that you are eligible from 110 places. But that is something I like to maintain because it's more about quality than about quantity for us. And so yeah, if there is any other questions put in the comment section and love to comment back and keep expecting such more videos. I'm going to make more videos related to especially about study visa, how refusals are happening, why refusals are happening and study visa is something that I want to now focus on. And if you guys are interested, do comment in the comment section. Thank you.