Okay, so I'm actually not the first speaker. There was another speaker that came before me. Talked about Puppet and Chef. I think this is a little bit sort of related. But this is the way we're developing software at Flow. So the title is Achieving a State of Flow, Continuous Integration and Practical Event Sourcing, with PostgreSQL, because obviously, this is a PostgreSQL conference. So Flow is a little bit in psychology. It's this idea of being in the zone. So how do you achieve being in the zone as a developer? We don't have any DevOps guys. Every one of our engineers is expected to do DevOps on their own so that they know how to do things. And as developers, we are inherently lazy. And how do we get to automate a bunch of things that quite frankly take a lot of our time? So that's what the talk is going to be roughly about. So a little bit of an introduction. My name is Paolo Lim. I was previously an engineer at a guilt group, the flash sale site. And more recently, I was an engineer at Blue Apron, the company that delivers recipes and meals to your door. And so the founding CTO of Guilt Group called me one day and said, I'm working on this new thing, are you in it? And turns out to be Flow Commerce. So I was one of the founding engineers over there. What we do is try to make global e-commerce as simple as domestic everywhere. And so just a little bit brief introduction to the cross-border e-commerce space. It's a really, really complicated space. You have need to deal with taxes, duties, shippers, customs. Basically a whole bunch of things that sometimes are not even online globally. So that's what we're doing. And I'll think a little bit of the joke is for all of you international teams in e-commerce, Flow is really your workflow without the work. And that's what we're trying to do. So enough of that and on to my agenda for today. So what I'm going to discuss is roughly how we do development over at Flow. And that involves creating a new database and managing schema updates to that. Streamlining our local development setup and event sourcing. So just a little bit of a background on how our technology is at Flow. We're a microservice architecture mostly based on a Scala in play right now. We also have Node.js for a lot of the front-end apps that we have. And a lot of the back-end APIs have their own databases, mostly in Postgres. And that gets pretty complicated when you have to manage all of that in your own local environment. And say you're developing for one part of the architecture, you don't really care about having all of these other things necessarily in your laptop.  And event sourcing, this particular piece just basically means how do we make sure we capture all of the application states as a really a sequence of events? So when something happens to one of our models using one of the APIs, how could we retrace every state it has been in for since we created it, an up until deletion, without really peppering too much the database with unnecessary fields? So I'll take you through that in a little bit. And I think I might have covered this already, but just as a refresher, it's a microservice architecture, ScalaPlay, Node.js. We use GitHub for source control. A lot of the database instances right now are in Postgres, which are deployed to AWS RDS. We use Docker and Docker Hub. All of our services are in Docker. We use the automated builds in Docker Hub, and these are the ones that build our images, and we'll take it from there. So what I really wanted to do right now is to do a little bit of a walkthrough. And this way it will be a little bit more interactive, and you get a little bit more of a sense of what we're doing over here at Flow. Okay. So over here right now, I have my command prompt, and what I'm going to do right now is to actually, for those of, how many of you here are familiar with the way Docker works or have worked with Docker before? Okay, so a pretty good number. So right now I have no containers running in my, I have no containers running in my environment. Set up on a basic macOS. And one of the reasons we are really bullish, we really wanted to work with Docker was that the way it runs in your machine, the way the services run on the machine on my laptop over here, it's virtually the same as the way it runs in production. And that way, it's more predictable whether we could, whether when you encounter errors in production, you could easily recreate them over here. And I think one of the cool things also is that we were trying to get our non-engineers to be able to run the website on their own laptops. And so one of the cool things we did was to create this development tool called Workstation.  And including all of the dependencies and actually executing a bunch of health checks. So, and we looked at Docker compose also but at that time we couldn't get it exactly to do what we wanted it to do. So we built a really lightweight tool around it. So this one is taking a little bit of a while. I tried it over the Wi-Fi over here, it took about a minute or two. So what this one is doing is that I want to start up the website essentially on my laptop. So I do workstation up app dub dub dub, which is essentially the website. Goes into our, we have our registry which is a separate service and sees that dub dub dub is actually dependent on all of these other services. It requires a user service. It requires a splash page service. And those services actually depend on some of the databases that back it. So splash page is backed by a splash page postgres. Users backed by a user postgres. And now it's up and healthy. So when I do a Docker PS right now, I see a bunch of different images that have started running in my container. In my virtual box virtual machine. And if I go back to Chrome and go to the VM 6050 VM, VM is a link to the IP address of a virtual box. And I'm able to run the site locally. So I do a q123. Hello.com, tell me when flow launches. And then what I could, the cool thing that I could do over here is to actually pcquel into the, into the container. So port, I think it was, I think it was 6049 and splash page DB. And then when I go over here, I should see the thing that I just created. The thing that I just created over there. So let's make this a little bit smaller so that you actually see it. So this one is what we feel is a pretty cool feature if you're working. If you were working on, as a developer, if you're working on one of these smaller things like our token service or our user service. And you just wanted everything else to work on the latest versions that are deployed to production. You could just do workstation up, up, up, up, and it's all there. And right now what I wanted to do is to deconstruct a little bit of what each of these pieces actually do. I think starting with the postgres one. So all of our, all of our postgres, all of our postgres repos are named after like the name of the app dash postgres. We follow a bunch of conventions over at flow and that makes how we, that makes for what we, thermos, service discovery, everything is by convention. So over here right now, so what happens when I want to create a new repository, what do we do over here? There's nothing, there's nothing here right now.  So, I want to create a new postgres project that I do. We have this Go script that basically creates everything for you right here. And that includes this Docker file which all of our postgres repositories have. So for here we're starting with a base image that we defined. We have a postgresql base image. That there's some stuff that it does over there. Some of the things that we do to actually start up the schema and I'll take you through this in a minute about what it actually does. And then start the postgres container. So what we have over here is that in our script repository, what we wanted to do by having this managed repository for all of our schemas was that we could actually see the changed versions as they occur and this makes it pretty easy to know that, okay, we started out earlier today for 20 with this first script. It was initialized with the Go script. And this one basically contains a lot of the utility functions that we used to set up in a bunch of different places. So over here I could do a Docker build that, oops. Let me open a Docker window, okay. So I do a Docker build of that and this one is basically running through the commands that are defined in the Docker file. So if we go through this one by one, so it starts out over here with importing the base image, creating a bunch of repositories that we a bunch of folders that we actually need. And then it starts the database server. And then after that, it goes into the scripts directory and tries to see which scripts haven't been run yet. And that one will define how the container actually looks like at that point. So over here right now, there's, so if I, the Docker, actually it's not do the Docker run yet right now. So up until this point, we have a Docker container. Doesn't really do anything has a bunch of utility functions in it. But so that's the initial setup. So one of the things that we do, say we want to add a table to the database. But we'll, and I have something over here already, a sample.sql. So you start out with one of these scripts. It adds a samples table, basic ID name and some other random field foo. And then I call setup on that table. It basically sets up a bunch of things, utility functions that are related to event sourcing and to partitioning that I'll talk about a little bit later. So what I'll do over here is to add the script over. So I'll do some add sample sql. And what you'll notice now is that it created a timestamp script. At that point in time, that hasn't been run yet. And then when I do another Docker build of that, it will actually go through over again. Now you can see some of the notice stuff was in red that's coming from Postgres. But it's basically saying, okay, I was able to build your database and successfully built and that was great. So now what I want to do is to go into this, just copy one of this because I don't necessarily want to type in everything again. So here, I want to run this image, say 9999 over there. Now this one is running in the background. What I could do is to pc-ql-api-vmp-999-demo-db. So now it takes me to the shell. And then I could see that it actually created my table. Over there, there's nothing really in here right now. And it's just empty that way over here. So that's a little bit about the portion over here where we create a database. We manage all of the schema updates and basically get set up with that. And so, take you a little bit through my slides before I get through event sourcing. So first in this, so we create usually what we end up doing at the start is to create a database in RDS.  And what we wanted to do was to standardize our database set up across all of our developers. So we have this dev RDS script. And using a few simple parameters goes out, creates the RDS database. And then all of that management stuff that I showed you guys earlier, we're using this tool called schema evolution manager. I have all the links later in one of the later slides to all of the GitHub repositories for these things. But for schema evolution manager, basically the idea is to manage the creation of scripts and update the schema in the Postgres database. And you want a standard way to allow team members to contribute. And each of these is SEM schema evolution manager repositories is internally in GitHub, they're code reviewed. And basically you don't get into this issue where someone did something with a schema file and then when you need to deploy it, something happens, brings down the site. Over here, you could go specifically into the script that introduced that change and then you see exactly what broke. So it's a way for developers to be able to contribute to the schema. And then we did a work station up what we, so review, we ended up using Docker. And this one makes it predictable to run on different environments across laptops. Even our business owners, our CEO and our VP of customer insight, they can run this thing on their laptop and it would just work like it would in production. And another thing it makes up the setup of our CI a little bit easier. I'll take you through that in a minute. And then you have this work station up goes through, figures out all of the dependencies of all the services that need to be run to show the website. And then we do that. And so work station up, you bring this up, it just works. Which we thought was pretty nice. As a developer, you don't have to go into your own system and have to download all of the repositories and start them up, figure out what's wrong with each one of them, it's a total mess. And this one just makes it simpler to do that. And then I did one of these demos earlier, you can see it just works. I think to point out here, I don't actually need PCquel running on my laptop, but it's just for demonstration purposes that I could log onto a database and it just works. So any questions at this point before I go on to the next topic? Okay, so one of the things that we found out about AWS and RDS is that- Yeah, I guess we're the benefit of everyone else in the room. If you're running a Postgres and RDS, they have this list of extensions that are pre-approved and it's a very limited set of it. So if you actually want to run, and there's one of those extensions I'll actually talk about in a minute.  Because the extension that you're using may not actually be available in RDS. Yes, right now it's living in the container, yes. Got it, yeah, so that's a good question. This one is right now in the development environment. One of the, and you're correct that when you shut down the container, all of your data is lost over there, boom, it's gone. But what we've found out right now is that it doesn't really hamper us that much because we're a new startup. We don't have to pull in production level data to get the things to work in development just yet. But one of the things that you could do is to have data only container. Where basically, and then you have your postgres container point to that. And that one is the source of its data. So that's one of the things that we would, and then you could control and tag the versions of that data only container. And that's one of the things that we could do in the future. And if it's really important like seed-based data, then that's one of the things that you might want to actually commit also in the schema evolution manager scripts. I think it's roughly like that. But we really haven't gone into it that much. But I think the idea really is just to have a container where all your data is based, and then you could do things around. When you start up a container, you can mount data volumes on it. And then it could read volumes from another container that's already running. Okay, so that was a little bit about the setup. So we now go a little bit to event sourcing. So one of the things that we actually tried to solve for earlier on when we started up at flow as this idea of event sourcing. How do we get, how are we able to tell everything that happened to every row in every database? And this one is driven primarily out of our experience at the Guild Group before. Where I dealt a lot with inventory management. And when you deal with something as important as inventory management and the auditors later on will come to your door asking like, hey, what happened to this unit of inventory? What you end up having to go through is having to go through a big audit log. And for inventory, there's one way you do that log. And then for something else where what happened to, when a user calls in what happened to my order, or what happened to, I signed up for this email and nothing happened. There was no consistent way to record all of this audits and journaling across the board. So that's one of the things that we wanted to standardize at flow. So there are a couple of ways that we could approach it. One of them was soft deletes. This is something that we actually did before, but we found this kind of clunky how you would create essentially the table, it had a deleted that field or timestamp over there. And every time you wanted to update the rows since it was immutable, except for the deleted that field, you set the deleted that field. And then you insert something else. So that was one of the ways that we did updates. Obviously, this is not really the nicest thing around. Because you're still thinking about, okay, I need to do this, and then this other step. And then before you know, once you have multiple developers, they're not exactly on the same page about how to do these things. And then how can you enforce that across 100 different databases later on? It's just hard to do that. So we decided not to go against that. Another idea was to create a ledger of change events. So one of them, and then you have this field and then there's a lot of inserts and updates, deletes, maybe later. But then you can capture all of these, you can capture these things. And then sort of recreate, okay, at the start I had this, I had this insert. And then here are the other series of events that got to there. And then here's my final state right now. You could do that also. What we chose to, what we ended up doing, was to create more of a journal of states. So this one is mostly trigger based. So anytime we insert, update, or delete the field, we record that in a journal stable. And then this one makes it a little bit easier to work about. We don't pollute the fields. And over here in my temp table, I don't really pollute it too much. It just contains the data that I actually need. And then all of that journal and ledgering stuff is in another, is in a journal schema where all of the changes made happened.  So where we left off over here right now was I added this new script. It shows basic samples and audit data.  That's on git right now. And I'm going back to my trustee dev tool, where I'm going to tag the repository. I've had 11 versions of these already just because I've been preparing for the talk. So what this does now is that I can go, what we've set up with Docker Hub over here is that you can do automated builds. So it can detect whenever I publish a new tag. It creates two images. One has a tag name latest and one is just the tag number. And I will get to the reason why we want latest a little bit later. But let's start with right now it's building two images latest. And we do this across all of our Docker containers. And so while this builds, I'd want to take us a little bit off the engine over here. And that latest tag for that Docker image earlier, we could see we run all of our CI on Travis. And I set up this demo app, this one is a Scala play app. And just like anything else that's running in CI, it needs a database back end to actually run any of these tests. So what you can see here is we've set it up so that it actually looks for the Docker container from the Docker repository. And this one makes it much easier to set up like, okay, I want to run my tests in this environment. The developer shouldn't really be concerned about like, do I have a schema up and running? Do I have, is it up to date? It just happens in the background as we tag versions of the schema. So it will always come up here and then they don't have to worry about it anymore. So that's where we actually use the latest tag. So let's see if it's built now. So I get the success over here for 0.11. Let me start up that image. So over here, demo, postgresql. So now that that image is in Docker Hub, I use my workstation script to pull down that image again. So if you're a developer working on the demo app and someone else is working, say on this postgresql schema, you don't really have to worry about it. You can just rely on the script, pull down the image. And if I go to api.hvmp, 6189 demo DB, all of the stuff is over here now. So now I'm ready to actually try using my sample service that I wrote. So I'm using postman. This one basically allows me to write a bunch of our REST queries against our APIs. All of our services expose our REST API. That's fairly standard across the board. And my local service is not running yet. Let's do that. So say I'm running this demo service and I'm doing active development on it. And so I run this locally. And then now I could run all of these health checks. Let me see. Okay, let me change up the font over here so that it's a little bit larger. So 40, status is healthy. So now I want to create a sample. So I post a sample hello and bar and then I get this back. Just created. So we have this get endpoints, get the hello sample, get this one. And then there's this endpoint over here.  This one is paginated. We could do it like, I think it's IDs, hello. Oops, IDs, hello. So this one just shows me all of the versions for that particular ID. And let's say I want to do an update on it. And so I don't know if you could see this, I can't back. But I'm changing the name to Boo. And I'm changing the foo field to hello. And let's just send that over. And then I receive a 200, it's okay. And then I come back over here. I'm able to see all of the changes as they occur. So I see that the first update was an insert and then the second thing over there event was the update. So and then you could actually see this as it happens in the database. You could see that my samples, that's all of the updated, just the updated data over here. And then when I create a select from journal samples, I see the actual events that occurred up until that point so that it shows the current state of what I'm actually doing. And so running something that involves, running a startup that involves a lot about duties, taxes, inventory orders, that sort of thing. And then you have to talk to all sorts of different clients. A lot of them would want to know what happened to certain things along the way. And this one just really captures everything that we're doing up until that point. And so at some point you want to, let's say you want to delete that. I send a delete message over here. And note that when I try to get everything, nothing is found. There's a little thing over there saying 404, I can't see that thing. And then this one returns, I don't have any sample models inside. Over here, I don't have anything in the database, so that's good. But then when I go back to my version's endpoint, I think this is pretty cool, is that you could actually see at that point. It's not in the table, I can find it and say, okay, what happened to that? What happened to the sample where the ID was hello? Well, it was deleted over there. And then if I do go into the database, I see it here. And then there was a user ID associated with that. And that one came from the authentication header on the delete call. So everything is audited. Everything can be seen up to that point about how it got to that state. Even though it's not anymore in my sample stable. And so one of the things that you might say is that, well, okay, you've been running for a while. This journal table right here could get quite big with all of the updates and inserts and all that. So one of the things that we did was to partition every journal table by month right now. So every month, there's a child table in our journal for that one. This one is created automatically when you do that audit that setup thing, when you created the new schema earlier. So, yeah, it's April now. So if I go into the April partition, I will see all of the data that I just created over there. But if I go into the one from last month, it's not there. And what this enables us to do is to set a policy where we're going to keep data for, say, the past three, six months. Admittedly, we haven't defined what that policy is yet. But it allows you to be able to set that policy and be like, okay, after six months, I'm going to throw away all of the, I'm going to purge or send all of the others to a backup. And then we have this really lightweight schema going forward monthly. So, what we found very useful over here was a consistent way to journal everything that goes into a creator insert into any of our tables across all of our microservices. And it's generally something that a lot of us, I feel, take for granted that flow, but it's just there. It's doing its work. It's useful when it needs to be. So, you don't have to worry about too much additional overhead aside from doing one, four, three. Aside from doing this audit set up step over here. And then everything just sort of takes care of itself after that. So, that's a little bit there. So, that's this event journal of states. That's what that one is. Okay. And here's a couple of the links to all of the stuff that I actually demoed, that we're using the partitioning portion. This came actually really a fork version of this thing from Keith Fisk, who works over at Omniti, it's one of the sponsors of this event. And then the journaling piece was something that we worked on at Guilt. And something that we are actively contributing to at Flow. And then you could download our journaling utility a little bit later when I create the pull request for some of the changes over there. Schema evolution manager, this was written by our CTO. That's the one that basically allows multiple users to contribute to a database project, a postgres project in a systematic way. And then you have a way to track all of the changes that went into the schema. There's a sample repository for postgres that the splash page postgresql, which was used to the back end for this website over here. So you could have a little bit of a look at it if you want. So I think that's it. Here's my email, you could reach me at paolo at flow.io. I'm on LinkedIn also. I think that's pretty much it. Did anyone have any questions? No, we haven't heard about Sketch. But so I think one of them, and thank you all probably will look into that one. The schema management tool that we ended up using, this one was built at a time when at our previous company guilt we were moving over from a Ruby and Rails monolith app to a microservices architecture. So I don't know exactly when Sketch came out. But at around 2010, 2011, when we sort of got used to this way of doing code-based migrations in Ruby and Rails. And so I'm not sure how many of you are familiar with it. But it's basically the same concept.  And then the gem basically looks at have I run the script before? If not, I'll go ahead and run it. And so that's sort of something that we tried to do by writing our own schema management tool. And to be agnostic whether you are using Postgres back into Rails to Scala. I think some other groups tried to use some other languages. But as long as it was a Postgres repository, it was fairly easy to use. So it gained pretty wide adoption within the organization at that time. So it was pretty good. Right. Okay, awesome. Yeah, that's a good question. Let me take you through that one. Some fortunate this doesn't get a little, this doesn't get. So let me run this. Run this again. I don't know if you guys could see these headers over here. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to generate this in curl. You could see it in the command line here. So what this one does is it sends an authorization token over here. And basically this token maps out to a user in our database. And so if I send something that actually doesn't exist, this one should return a 401. It's unauthorized. It was able to figure out that the token was invalid. It doesn't map out to our user in a database. So for the earlier one, it maps out to a user in the database. We get that user ID. And then if you notice over here, what we do is to set the updated by user ID over here in the samples database. And what the journaling essentially does is that it sees this row, gets a copy of this row, and then puts it into the journal table. And so it just really copies this row, puts it directly there. It doesn't do anything else aside from that. Right, yes, it just does that. Yes, that's correct. So I have a little less than five minutes left. So does anyone else have any other questions? No, we haven't. So like Sketch, it's one of those things that we didn't actually hear about just yet. So for some of these things, it came about at a time when there weren't a whole lot of tools yet. So we essentially built our own open source tools around it. I think that's a good question. Right now, we haven't run into any issues with time stamps yet. But it would be interesting to hear a little bit more about if you did run into issues around these things before, what they actually were screwed up. And I said, oh, we're going to just write it as this one. So we're going to do the time stamp that's screwed up. Got it. I think for one of the things that you actually mentioned, we do have a select from journal.samples. We do have this updating field journal.id over here. And then that one is just a sequence of integers. So I'm not sure if that one actually helps, but I think it's a little bit close to what you were actually saying.


Hei chyda, a hynny frywch ar Lundan 740. Llywodraeth 14 ddiweddol ystod y ddweud, ond y ddweud yn gyfwybod yn y cysylltu'r ysgol, pan mae'n gynghwyl yn cynnig gyntaf o'r EU. Mae'n gweithio ar ddweud yn y cysylltu'r ysgol, mae'n gweithio'n gweithio ar y ddweud. Mae'n gweithio ar y dyfodol i'r grannog, a wnaeth yn cyfwybod yn y cyfwyd ysgol. Mae'n cyfwyd yn gyfwybod yn gyfwybod yn cyfwybod, mae'r byw sydd yn bwysig lleiwg. mae'n dod rhan gf weld lливad 같아 yn gwybod. Ac mae'n rhan o cas, maelus yn rhan o ddau, ac mae'n holl gwrdd i'r holl gwrdd, ac mae'n holl gwrdd i chi, mae'n holl o'r holl o roi.  Mae'r cwmhysgol worth i'r hwyben yng Nghymru yn ystod o'i gwybod gennyn nhw'n gwybod yn gwybod gyda'r gweithio'r hwn. Mae'r gwybod yn gwybod yn gwybod yn gwybod yn gwybod yn gwybod yn gwybod yn gwybod yn gwybod yn gwybod yn gwybod yn gwybod, dwi'n cael ei ddweud o'r gweithio. Fy hollaf, dyfodol gynllun ac yn gwybod, a ddweud o wneud 1350-1357 o'ch cyrraed. Rwy'n cymaint i â gwaith y gyrsdau llwydau oherwydd yng Nghymru. Mae'r rhaid i chi'n ddweud ymlaen yma, y gwahanol lleol yma dyma, o'r hollwch ar y cwmddian yma. Mae'n hollwch ar y 11 o'r hollwch ar y 11 o 5 o'r hollwch ar 2016. Rydyn ni i ni i ni'n gofiannig oherwydd yma. Mae'n rhaid i fynd i dda i'n gwahanol yma yn y ddechrau. Felly mae'n gweithio'r iawn i chi i ni, oherwydd ond y traenline. Cymru'r llunio hyn yn gwaith yng Nghymru, mae gennym ni'n gwneud o'r cwpl o'r teimlo yma yn y nifer 18 yma yn April, a gwneud o'r cyflawn gyda'r cyffredinol. Cyn gallwn ni'n fawr? Cyn gallwn ni'n gwneud yr ysgol, rwy'n cael ei gweithio'n ymddangos ei fawr sy'n cyfrannu? Mae'n fawr, rydyn ni'n mynd i'n sgwr, mae rwy'n gallu'n cyfrannu, mae'n gynghwyl fath o'r rhai cyflyn yn ystod y cyflwyno'n cyflwyno'n gwybod. Rwy'n credu bod nhw'n gwneud i'r llweddau ac yn cyflwyno'n gweithio y llwyddo. Mae'n rhaid o hyn i'n gwneud o'r cyflwyno'n cyflwyno. Mae'n rhaid o'r cyflwyno'n cyflwyno'n gwybod gwybod yw'r llwyddo o'r cyflwyno'n gweithio'n gwybod y hwyl o'r clyweddau i'r cyflwyno i'r llwyddo i'r angen. Yn yn ogymru o'r cyflwyno'n gwybod, Those levels will come back on to that in a bit. Pats absolutely reasons why just a yes or no in the chat would be Super over to the headlines from overnight, whereas this time yesterday or just this time yesterday was really getting moving. Oil prices had pushed higher. Felly, we had the Gulf of a Man tanker attacks. Two of them were under attack and oil pushed higher, quick push to well the higher the day. We then eventually did push on a tiny bit more. You can just see here if I just bring oil into picture, we had a decent move higher just after seven o'clock, yesterday on the report of this. If I just get around it where it was seven o'clock, up to those highs was over 4%. Since then we have just traded sideways. The US have accused Iran, Iran have called those accusations unfounded. So, what could this mean for the oil price at the moment? I guess that the market is telling you it's not too o'i wneud. Ac ydych wedi'i'n gwybod hoslyd. Yn dwych chi'n gwybod, ymlaen nhw'n gweithio'r cátilist i'r rhai gwybod, ac yn hynny'n gweithio, gan ymlaen nhw ymlaen nhw? Rydych chi'n gweithio, yn amlwg, dyna'r rai gwybod tricol. Roedd yna'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio, a'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. maen nhw'n gwneud y meddwl amser o'r ddych yn ôl, ac mae'r ddau sy'n gwneud,on ni i pod ヽ ddych yn cael lŵt. Felly mae hynny'n gwestiydd o'r ddaw yn gallu digwyddor ar y llwy yn y tiystiol yn y mewn eich hun, maen nhw'n gwestiydd o rhan o'r ddax yn ddaw. Gwaidden o'r sump iddyn nhw'n ddaw rai o'r ddax. Felly mae'n gofyn, fe ddod ein hoffi nid yw, ac nid oedd yn gallu rhoi pressur. Cymru i'r cyffredinol wedi gondol beth ydych chi'n ddweud ar gyfer y meddwl, dwi'n ddweud mewn gwahodd am draws. Felly mae'n ddweud yw'r cynnwys yma. Mae'n ddweud hynny'n ddweud, ac mae, ond, nid yn dweud eich bod ni'n gwneud yn ymddangos. Felly, rydyn ni'n ddweud i'w llwyddo i'ch bwysig yma ar 8 o'r oed yn ddweud. Mae'r ysgrifennu yn ei ffordd yma, mae'r parw tynnu cael ei gynnyddu. ac rydw i'r bwysig yn ystod yw. Plom yn cyfathorfa'r Yngell. Felly mae'n ffordd hwn i'r ddweud i'w ein Oh Lord ac i'r destryu fawr am gweithio'r cyst-downu. Maen nhw'n gwybod yw y bwysig o'r perff moléw o hwn o'r hwn ar y steadfyn yng Nghymru, o 22.82 yn rhoi y 반 pan oherwydd o bobl o背ffol a'r ystod yn 200 miliwn.   Gweld â'n hysg, tinofydd â'n hysg, a cynnyddio beth beth ddim yn cyd-deitio'r rhai ar y tyn mulhau a o'u pryd yn gwneud a rhai o'r gweithio. Felly eich gwasanaeth ar y gyfynnwys. Mae'r ddoron pa'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio a'r hyn yw'r llwysiau yw, mae'r wath oes ynaint, mae'r sylfaen, yn gweithio'r gweithio'r llwysiau. had previously threatened to curtail oil transport in the the strait of the moose. Roughly 30% of the world's seaborne flow of crude oil and products pass through that strait each year, so nearly a third of oil of oil all oil going through there, so a closure of that would lead to major disruption of global oil suppliers, and evidently we haven't seen that yet in the market, but you would have a very big push to the upside. I mean just looking at at oil price here, you can see how far we have come down if that was to be the case, and this again would be an escalation over a period of days and weeks, but you're looking back towards the highs of the year if this was to be the case. I saw an interesting tweet yes on the 12th on the morning, and it makes you think if you're a conspiracy theorist you're you know you're thinking well someone had a bit of inside knowledge here and wanted to just to get along in, so this was the tweet around the evening on the 12th it says 145 there but of course that's American time. Crude oil has lost more than two and a half per cent during the day in six out of the last 15 sessions falling to a multi-month low six months after the other times this happened the last 30 years oil returned plus 47 minus three plus 47 plus seven plus 33 percent and plus 44 percent. If you like your stats what a place to have got along on oil if you like your conspiracy theories well someone might have just had a bit of inside knowledge and looking at the area we're trading now in oil this is now a daily continuation certainly and I'm just going to move the recent price action in this square if you're looking at at price coming down there was certainly a zone if you like looking it back at the the November 2018 lows coming up to the February lows as well just a really nice area I know if we take our mind back to the beginning of February I remember Pears was doing a briefing talking about the inverted head and shoulders here around this point you can see shoulder head shoulder and then you've got that breakthrough so certainly a very key level if you look in here on the future sort of going from 52 31 to the low there it's not going to get it perfectly but let's just call it just let's call it 51 as a as a decent area of supply we've come back into that level now a failed test to push low again just purely technically it looks pretty good here if we were to see an escalation oil should push higher but just to where I think will be will be pretty key I think it would be out the woods if you like and maybe drift high if we can get back above this key level from the 8th of March we had a recent test of trying to do that just above 55 dollars on the futures that didn't want to go and that's looking around 55 16 if we can get back above there certainly medium term balls will will be favouring a push higher one to keep a watchful eye on anyway so back to well back to the the headlines from overnight and there's a there's a really good I think I've still got it on my email here report if you like from John Kemp who works at Reuters as a market analyst I'll send this out to our guys but anyone watching feel free to to to tweet me your your email or whatever and I can send this over or at least a link to it where it's just sort of goes over the the risks of an uncontrolled escalation and it's a it's a fairly lengthy report as you can see but something to read over the weekend prepare you yourselves for the next week I think could certainly be you know a bit of light reading on Sunday Father's Day here to to take to take into account what could potentially happen over the coming days or so it goes on to this report anyway just talking about the current state of high tension hawkish elements in both the US administration in and of the Iran not just now but recently but this may exploit an incident to push respective leaders to to escalate here and the vulnerability of the tankers of the Strait of Muses is precisely the sort of incident that could spark an unplanned and uncontrolled escalation 30% of all oil going through there or seaborn oil I should say going through there every year this is a large amount this could be a massive issue at the moment the market's telling me or telling us that it's not too bothered if you're talking about something so big and if we go back to oil just quickly here on the chart and I tell you that it is up just after seven here we go and it's just up 1.3% I'm sorry but the market's telling you it's not interested right now worth being of course aware of what could happen and the escalation that comes with that just as we see the end just breaking above that resistance from last night you tea notes above the high and gold trying to push above a key level from before but just being worth worth being aware just how important this area is Hormuz is is not necessarily the most important or because the volume of oil that flows through but because of an ultra tense flashpoint that could spark a much broader conflict between both sides and they are there while insisting they do not want this and I don't necessarily think it's going to happen it would lead to oil price pushing on and on so any comments that come out throughout the day today worth keeping an eye on it does almost seem that this has just been pushed to the side this morning I would have expected to be honest a bit more in the way of commentary overnight I'd expect him to come in and perhaps see oil a bit higher following comments to be honest it doesn't look like this is much more of a story right now any escalation any further accusations I'll be looking for oil longs and that might just be what saves the s&p here is your safe havens are pushing higher admittedly helped by perhaps a weaker dollar although the dollar index right now is pretty much flat for the day elsewhere trade comments um well yeah trade comments overnight obviously trump yet again speaking to to reporters he was saying yesterday how he's still waiting for a response from g it's an interesting one one we've trade having a look over we'll just bring the s&p up you can see yes they're helped by what oil as we mentioned but it's choppy if we have a look at the the week where we open I'm going to draw that horizontal line there we had a brief push below we're now back above another up week but range bound choppy no real developments in trade and I think that's the way to look at it I think he's going to step up the hawkish ante especially if she doesn't confirm they're going to meet at the g20 at the back end of this month and that in turn would lead to stocks just coming down a touch while I've said repeatedly I think there will be a deal done and stocks will break the all time highs again the timing of that could be tricky and just going back to what trump had said sorry I didn't have the charts up there just having a look there at the s&p and the choppiness of that the the gap fill happened Wednesday Thursday but we're now back above so going back to those comments from from Trump yesterday and Larry Kudlow as well was speaking while warning Beijing they may face consequences if it refuses the invitation he was saying Trump has indicated his strong desire for a meeting we know this but the meeting is not yet a range formally so I would just start from that and see how it plays out he was saying this in Washington gold again just pushing higher so if you're if you're in this position here gold you know just pushing on above 1355 1358 trading at the moment ask this possible they won't meet could low replied I don't even want to comment on it I'm just saying my president has indicated a strong desire to sit he's also indicated that the meeting doesn't come to bear there may be consequences but he would prefer the meeting so the 28th and 29th Japan that is when the meeting is is going to be whether that happens or not we'll move markets so over the weekend keeping an ear out for any developments on that any developments for for oil as well will be what potentially drives these markets going into next week at the moment well last month as as those trade talks broke down Trump raised tariffs on 200 billion dollars of Chinese imports and started the process to slap another 300 billion which will cover virtually all remaining goods coming into the US from the world's second largest economy so we'll keep an eye we'll keep an eye on that we'll have a quick look over the calendar if I just bring this into picture here for next week or at least the the rough plan for now this is currently what we're expecting so no you'll notice on here nothing to do with with Trump as of yet so I'll keep an eye throughout the day today to update this but it's a central bank heavy weekend week I should say you've got Wednesday the the Fed Thursday or Wednesday overnight you've got the Bank of Japan and then you have the Bank of England as well on there I was going to say yeah there you can see Bank of England also on Thursday so speaker wise in the build-up to that is going to be limited so worth obviously just planning ahead on the days you really want to be involved likelihood is looking at Monday just how quiet that's going to be when you've got the the Fed on Wednesday Tuesday likely to be the same you've got a bit of European data out in the morning but likelihood is Monday and Tuesday are going to be quiet as we build up into the Fed in the evening seven o'clock UK time well of course go through this in a lot more detail on Monday but it remains to be seen if there is any developments overnight over the weekend regarding what the Fed might do currently it's looking like they are going to hold rates as they are yesterday anyway it was about 24% chance they were going to cut according to the Fed watch tool so it could be a pretty good one to trade that that evening one that evening release 7 p.m UK time and then the the press conference from Jerome Powell half an hour later moving on to brexit um if I just bring in the picture here give me one second so this was how we finished the first round of the the ballot here Boris Johnson 114 votes above the 105 threshold you would need to be in the last two uh he's going to be there barring a major surprise we're just having some Chinese data coming out here retail sales better than expected industrial production worse than expected so mixed data there uh from from china not going to move the markets too much uh unless they are both better or worse worth keeping an eye on uh stocks how they move here and and the Aussie as well which came under a bit of pressure just uh to divert here the Aussie dollar uh came under pressure as we are now looking at another rate cut the New Zealand dollar also under pressure this morning following some poor data back to brexit uh just having a look at those that did make the cut Boris Hunt Michael Gove Dominic Raab Javid Hancock although reports overnight that he is going to quit uh and Rory Stewart fair play to him for getting through nice to see a bit of fresh air uh into politics though the three that didn't quite make it lidsum who was at one point the third favourites even yesterday was near the favourites unbelievably uh and Harper and McVay not making uh the cut just having a quick look at the the plan I did a a tweet on this yesterday uh so we do well this is quite a good one from BBC politics again I can send this out so each candidate needs uh eight MP backers we've done that first round where the 17 votes was the cutoff point seven of those got through Hancock may go we go into the second round which is on Tuesday uh where they now need 33 uh we will then have another vote Wednesday Thursday and on all on Thursday if needed to get us down to the two in terms of the the debates we do have one on Sunday on channel four uh in the evening however this was yesterday going off yesterday not all candidates are confirmed the BBC to also hold a live event 8 p.m. on Tuesday this is going to be two hours after the second ballot uh vote results are released so worth keeping an eye on that into the evening um further ballots needed as I mentioned on Wednesday and Thursday until we are down to the two and then the voting begins on the 22nd four weeks later we will know who the next prime minister of the united kingdom is. BBC, ITV and Sky News are all expected to host debates as well um uh so worth keeping an eye on developments for that they haven't been confirmed as of yet but you've got to imagine they're gonna gonna want to to get on um as well actually just having to look at that industrial production number uh it was actually a fair bit worse uh so worth keeping an eye on on stock tier just if you were to to get a follow through coming in at 5% uh down 0.4 uh of the expected figures and again if you like conspiracy theories you also know uh that Chinese data perhaps might be meddled with uh a touch so moving uh moving on let's have a quick look at uh just the those votes and and how things have changed if we have a quick scroll down Boris you know before uh the vote and I'm going to say it again and again because they're so useful to follow this this guide I thought so you can see they released before how the candidates stand in the build-up obviously from public MP backing uh there's about 70% of MPs that are publicly backed and you can see all of this here is up no nothing is down it's very very uh accurate of course it's going to go up as more MPs uh have to vote on these days so definitely worth keeping an eye on this website and on their Twitter in the build-up for Tuesday the pound reaction that we saw yesterday I'm just going to bring this in it's probably actually exactly unbelievably where we were give or take two ticks uh from where we were at one o'clock following the the release of the vote uh so Boris Johnson more than expected now you could have argued if that was to be the case uh a week ago uh the pound would be on the the lows of the session uh however in the build-up to uh this vote yesterday and Monday and Tuesday he came out and was a lot less hawkish on the idea of a no deal so this is obviously positive for the pound uh so therefore uh that downsize with downside was limited uh Rory Stewart getting through I think was the reason perhaps we pushed a bit higher can he gather any further momentum but in reality to stop Boris winning this is going to be very very tricky I watched a bit of of question time yesterday which I find so hard because they just shout at each other and it's not very pleasant watching uh but there um there you know that you had people digging out Boris you had people sticking up for him uh he he's almost not having to do a single bit of work here uh to to get this to get this job whether he can actually get anything through and and and whatnot I'm not too sure but I stand by what I said yesterday I think he's the only conservative MP that could win the next general election so perhaps it's time for people to put the party ahead of of their political uh beliefs uh we we should we should uh we shall see uh looking at the calendar for the remainder of the day if I'll just bring this into picture here we've had that you uh Chinese days throughout overall mix we did have some better but the industrial production was worse uh just on the lower bound of the range so not enough perhaps to spark a massive move lower going into this morning we have some Italian CPI we've just had Tommaso back from from Italy so I'm hopefully I'll be able to get a bit of inside trading knowledge on on that one 130 the US retail sales always a choppy release short term volatility if it's really bad might just help um those ideas that another rate uh or that a rate cut is going to happen uh we again shall see on on that uh 215 industrial production business inventories at free along with Michigan sentiment the preliminary figure there 98 expected from the previous uh 100 speaker wise ECB's Lautenslager at 11 and Bank of England's Carney at 155 worth keeping an eye on Carney as of course we do have the uh central bank meeting uh yesterday uh yesterday on uh Thursday I should say here just looking at the let's see if I can just zoom in on this I just put this together roughly yesterday um if you just give me a second if you can see this I think you can it's going to work out how I can remove the thing on the left there we go uh so this is roughly put together uh of course Wednesday and Thursday are going to be an interesting 24 hours regarding central banks um recent talk the federal reserve have obviously been the most dovish the bank of japan likely to keep things the same but a lot of talk about them having to lower interest rates uh so any talk on that or uh there's been rumours of the the Japanese version of the TLTRO the European version of that they're the Japanese version of that or paying banks to lend uh has also been rumoured any talk or development on that would see a decent move uh lower for for the yen in a currency that has been strengthening so much recently due to uh save haven flows and trade war uh stagnation uh so it could be an interesting one the bank of england if anything have been more hawkish out of out of the free uh bank of england npc members saying that the the next move may well have to be a rate rise and that the market isn't pricing that in again expected to hold uh at 0.75 but the vote split will be interesting the bloat vote split will be interesting there on the Thursday and you can see here just about the fed expectations at the moment according to the fed watch tool 24% chance of a cut 76% 76% chance of no change and of course 0% chance of a height for me that's a really good opportunity should we then get a cut and your likelihood see a fast money move for weakness of the dollar and that could well get gold quite um quite high above those key levels and look at gold here you can see just the extent of that move uh today and really in june really pushing on here worth keeping a closer eye on that going into the remainder of the session as usual any questions please do let me know um i hope you will have a great trading day in an even better weekend and for anyone listening in canada congratulations to the toronto raptors for for winning the nba championships um it's going to be a relatively quiet morning here i would say but certainly where we finish the week will be interesting going into a very key one next week with a central bank meetings as well but hope you have a good trading day and a good week ahead


is so important because that's where we get to learn and understand what we can do together that we can never do separately. As a part of not only Tennessee State University, but our TSU Smart Center, I'm so excited. I'm a two-time double alumni of Tennessee State University, so it is go blue all day. But I'm excited to be here with a bunch of new colleagues to do some great collaborative work today and making our path to OER forge forward.


فشرف بالشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دا دا دا لا وياله من شراف عظيمي بالنصوبات الاسمان المصوبات فرصة عشر وهي أمن قلبي المصطر والله في الزمان وقدر المكان والحال والتمييز والمستثناء والاسمالات والمانجا والمن قلبي المانجي والمن قلبي مع وخالر كان وخواتها وخواتنا واسمين وخواته وطب وطب ومن قلبي المصور وقربات أشياء النعت ورعط والتوشيد وطب رحمه الله رفع منصوب ايضاً مفعولاً بها، مثل نظرت إبراهيمة مزدر، فهمت فهماً ضرف الزماني وضرف المكان صمت يوم الخميس ضرف الزمان، ضرف المكان إيز جلست عند الاستاذي حال قد يوسف راكباً التريز طاب محمد النفساً ومنفساً المستثنة أكرمت القوم إلا صالحة كما صالحاً اسم لا، لاولام سفر في المنزلي، المنادى يا رسول الله، تأديب ضربت خادم تأديب، مفعول من أجله، المفعول معه حذر الأمير والجيشة، خبر كان وخواتها، اسم إن وخواتها كان محمد فاهماً، إن إبراهيم ناجح، نمبى ثاني عشر تواظ، النعت رأيت محمداً العالماء، العط نظرت محمداً وأحمداً، توكيد أبصرت محمداً نفسه، رأيت خليلاً أخاكاً حسناً، لقد جهamos الثلاثة، لقد جه لے لك الفاهمة، وقد جهنا معنا فوق لاراقنة كان وخواتها، وقد تأثر دائماً عن نعت الأعط من توكيد البدا نحن نتحدث عن كانا و أخواتوها و نتحدث عن إنا و أخواتوها و نتحدث عن توابيع و فوتربيع و نعتو العطفن توكيد البداية نحن نتحدث عن الأول 10 لنبدأ مع الأول 10 و الأول اسم النصوبة أن يقارب به الفعل و نحو قولي ضربت زينا و ركبت التوابسة الأولثة رحمه الله يفعل مفعول بي with 3 things مفعول بي is when 3 things are present فلا يقول فعلا ولا حرفة ولا جملة so it's not going to be what okay it's a issel it's not a verb it's not a word and it's not a word and what I mean by a word I will speak about a word it is because of a because of a okay it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a it's a وضربههو وضربها وضربهما وضربهو وضربهنا وننتصبههضن عشر وإياك وإياها وإياك وإياكم وإياكن وإياكن وإياهو وإياها وإياهما وإياهن الآثة هاا هي المفعولة بِيلة القصيمة والخسماين المفعولن بي يتكلم في 2 المفعولن بي هو ظاهر ايضا و الآخر هو مفعولن بي هو مضمر نحن نتحدث عن ما يعني المفعولن بي هو ظاهر نتحدث عن هذا نقول ظاهر مدل على مسماه بلا قرينة أنه أي شيء يتكلم بك لا ترى أجن أو أجن نتحدث عن هذا مثل ضربت زيدا و ركبت الفارسة مضمر رضيانة هال is what the author mentions here and he mentions that the مضمر is 2 types we already spoke about مضمر مينز ما يدل على مسماه بقرينة it shows you the thing that it's talking about with a قرينة and the قرينة is either تكلم مخاطب or is غيبوبة or غيبة صاحب رضيان and the author I categorized the ضميل إلى متصيل و مفعصيل he categorized it into 2 متصيل is what's the definition of متصيل متصيل is مع لا يسحل البتداء به أول الكلام you can't start the speech with it متصيل is anything it's a pronoun which you can't start the speech with and it can't fall و لا يقع بعد إلا في الاختِياري according to choice it can't happen after إلا as well that's a much better discussion it's a discussion going on regarding that مفعص إلى اليادة حال ما يسحل البتداء you can start the speech with it you're allowed to start your speech with it and it happens after إلا by choice the author رحمه الله he brings the types which are متصيل and he mentions 12 types he mentions 12 types ضربني وضربنا وضربك وضربك وضربكم وضربكم وضربكم وضربكم وضربه وضربها وضربهم وضربهم وضربه الناء the author mentions the متصيل إثناء عشرة it is 12 then the author رحمه الله goes into speaking about the مفعول sorry the ضميل which is مفصل than detached and it's also 12 and it is anything that steps from the word إيايا and anything that comes from that is مفصل إيايا وإياك وإياك وإياكم وإياكم وإياكم وإياه وإياها وإياه وإياه وإياه وإياه all of those are what they are all بفعولبي wherever you see them you know it's a مفعولبي it's a ضميل which is مفصل and that's why Allah says إياك نعبود وإياك I don't think this is my personal أشاب رزاك can correct me if I'm wrong I don't think in the Quran that the word إيا كما has come ever has it yeah do you remember it yeah when it has come جمع إياكم yeah وإن وإن وإن إياكم but it has come 10th year إيا كما has never come because the fact that Ibn Qayy mentioned no stuff he said that the word إياك has not come yeah this is what he said maybe they don't be in the Quran what he said was sorry is that the word إياك as a buffered it only comes with the fatih it's a long time I don't want to read it صاحب yeah the only time buffered it's come إياك you only Allah yeah you only Allah إياك and enter I think it's صورة صورة الفاتحة only I think it shows that it's the only time بس الصورة that talks about توحيد the lesson of توحيد anyways إياك إياك إياكم إياكم إياه إياه إياهما إياهما إياهن all of those are what مثعون بي ضيار ضمير which is basically مفصل and it's 12 types نعم باب المصدر المصدر والاسم المصدر هل أبقى؟ المصدر والاسم المصدر لدي يتيه وثاة في تصريف الفئة ضارب يضرب وضربا the author here رحم الله he says that the مصدر according to the grammarians is the third type of when the word is actually tossed and turned for example you say ضارب يضرب وضربا so the word ضربا is the مصدر that has come from a three stages okay it went through a ماضي مضارع and then it became a what? a مصدر okay so you bring the مصدر from the مضارع okay that's what it comes after okay and according to this this مصدر is known as مصعول مطلق this مصدر here is called مفعول مطلق which is ضارب يضرب وضربا this is what type of مصعول what type of مصدر is this it's a مصعول مطلق and the grammarians they categorize it into three types the first type is مؤكد اللي عامله it emphasizes on the عامل okay the عامل means the agent that's making it occur in the first place it's actually emphasizing on it and the عامل my brothers and sisters is the فعل the عامل okay so for example you will say شريب okay شربا okay that's what you say right so here the عامل is what the عامل is شريب you can say شربا or شربا they both the same are you with me brothers but شربا here is what it's basically what type is a code مؤكد اللي عامله you're emphasizing your drinking you're saying I'm drunk I drink صح the second is مبين اللي عامله you're basically clarifying it's type okay for example you will say فهمتو I understood فهمل أستاني I understand the teacher so you clarify what type of understanding you understood this is called مبين اللي عامله the third one is called مبين اللي عده you're basically clarifying and you're explaining the عدد the amount so you'll say سألتو I asked سؤاليني two questions okay I asked two questions so I repeat the third one the third one is مبين اللي عده you're basically clarifying it's amount you're clarifying it's amount so you say سألتو I asked سؤاليني two questions so you're clarifying how many questions that you asked now the author here the مزدر which is called مفعول مطلق is two types okay brothers the مزدر which is referred to as مفعول مطلق is two types قسم which is لفضي a type which is word based قتلته قتلن okay which the author brought I killed him a killing okay or بعنوي or so the word the word that you took it why is it لفضي is because you're using the same root word okay the same the words are basically the same the second type is معنوي okay brothers the wordings are not the same but the meaning are the same for example جلس تو قعودا جلس جلوس and قعود is basically the same meaning what's the difference does anyone know the difference between جلوس and قعود they both mean sitting but does anyone know the difference between the two that's one difference but another difference yeah yeah when you stand and you sit when you're lying down and you sit it's called قعود right so it's the position that you've come from are you there so if you come from the standing to the sitting so when somebody's standing what do you say to them جلس that's right if a person's lying what do you say to them قعود right so you don't tell a person who's standing قعود but both of them are sitting and look it's also قعود come from the word remaining it's when you sit somewhere for a while so the مده it's also another difference between the two the duration is also a difference so the meaning here is the same though the meaning is that what they're both sitting are you with me brothers so this is called the type which is معلوي the word is not the same but the meaning is the same okay for example the word okay what about وقوف and قيام what's the difference قيام is when somebody's lying down قيام you say to somebody who's lying down to get up and what about وقوف you say to them قف that's one call okay any other one قف is when somebody's it's in a movement stage you say to them stand okay and what about قيام that call by the way it's said okay قيام is when somebody's down you go up okay and also what you said here before duration is well still the same are you with me brothers وقوف means he stood standing for a while brother قيام is not but قيام is sorry longer than the duration وقوف وقوف is longer shorter قيام is longer that's why it's قيام اللي she's standing for a while yeah that's why it's قيام it is قيام it goes against what the word really is اللي accept it from us but that's what it's called قيام in it it's meant the whole point is that you stand for long yeah وقوف on the other hand is what we do we stand you know what we're meant to do قيام صح the process of his legs used to soar so if you come to a message and the Imam does like you know فجر as well so those that are meant to be long فجر is meant to be long مغرب is meant to be long it shows people will go to sleep the process was short and it's like لكن مغرب for example the process of I thought I've come there he played what صورة العراف all of it he learned it in مغرب حتى كاد الأشة يدخل أشة was close to enter can you do that today and how is the prophet سراع I know a place in Egypt I used to go to they lead أشة every night they pray they do one صورة of the Quran and tell it which is the half of صورة الكف so one night أشة all of it will be the first raka'a will be all of بقرة in one stand the first stand all of the بقرة will be prayed بالتأني والترب والتدب he might repeat the ayah one or twice الله you play أشة right after it you gotta stand we'll do the أشة now so when the person and it's known his mission is well known for now and then the second raka'a he will read half a juice half a juice in the second day it's all of بقرة and half because the first juice in صورة ألي عمران كان لحلم صح you read half بقرة and then you will you're ready to go home إن شاء الله تعالى that's the prayer that's the Salah here you pray three pages two pages the people will bring حليثة the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم نعم الله is the man who is in the place الله is the man who is for us وقتبر في الزمن وقت وقت عم Selbst تتقديم تتقديم نحك اليوم وغضب و بقرة و صحرا و ضدن و عاقمة و صلاحة و مساءل و أبدا و أمدا و حين و ما أشبال الله goes into something known as مفعولو فيه he goes into المفعولو فيه مفعولو فيه ضرفوا الزمان والضرف المكانية كلها ببوثهم كلها مفعول فيه هل تأتي بحياتي بلايه؟ ضرفوا الزمان والضرف المكاني ببعضهم كنتم بقولوا مفعول فيه which is also called ضرف OK some scholars they just call it ضرف and some call it مفعول مفعول فيه ضرفوا الزمان is two types its مبهم and it's مختص ضرفوا الزمان is مبهم and مختص لقبلون نصف على الضرفية على الظرفية. يجب أن يقوم باستخدام نصف على الظرفية. سوف نتحدث عن ما يحتاجه. كم كثير من الظرفية؟ الظرفة الزمان هي أقل الظرفية. يجب أن يكون أبقية ومخطص. مبهم المخطص. الظرف المكان هو مبهم المخطص. ماذا يعني مبهم المخطص؟ مبهم is what indicates an amount of time which is not specific like the word لحظة حينة the word حينة اللحظة they all show لحظة and حينة they all show a duration but it's not clear what it means. if somebody says to you انتظرني لحظة there's really not a time they gave you so if they come back two hours later are you there? it's not really a time that's restricted fixed it's subjective so that's مبهم okay brothers that's مبهم the second one is مخطص we're talking about الظمان how is it مخطص? it's basically specific to a particular timing like a day or a month or a year or something like that and it is 12 the author mentioned them 12 it's اليوم الليلة غدوة اليوم means day so it's from sunrise to sunset من طلوع الفجر إلى غروب الشمس if I say اليوم it means day سمط اليوم I fasted the day والليلة is غروب الشمس غروب الشمس when the sun when the sun sets إلى طلوع الفجر until the sun rises so it's restricted about مخطص specifically are you with me brothers? غدوة is من صلاة السبح إلى طلوع الشمس is غدوة when Allah said to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم وإذ غدوة من أهلك تبوئ المؤمنين مقاعدة للقتل وإذ غدوة وفي سمان it's مركز كالهدوة كالهدوة كالهدوة means للمشوة للمشوة هبينك للمشوة للمشوة صح when you go home and you go from a long day للمشوة is when you go home at night time but when you're leaving in the morning it's called what أصوى كالهدوة have you heard that word before? مهما كالكلمة ده? yeah dialects are different though but it's but it's كالهدو we all know right and that's what it means وإذ غدوة so that shows that the person in the morning عليه الصلاة والسلام he was preparing the army so Allah says وإذ غدوة at the time you left in the morning تبوئ المؤمنين مقاعدة للقتل and you were giving the believers their places you were organizing them you go this side this is your part you're gonna be here عليه الصلاة والسلام and that's the barakah of doing things in the morning باركة energy enthusiasm your day still you've got a long day still you can do a lot of things you leave here you're so energized you've learned the morning is the best then the word بقرة بقرة means what? بقرة actually means أول النهاري من طلع الفجري it's from the beginning of the day until sunset are you with me? so when you say to a person بقرة it actually means that you the day that you're speaking to them it doesn't actually mean tomorrow it actually just means from sunrise to basically sunset I'll meet you so in other words you will always be saying that at a time when already the sun has rose so it's always gonna fall back the next day anyways that's why it's said the word سحرن the author brings سحرن is actually it's the last turn of the night صح? when Allah SWT says about the believers و بالأسحاريهم يستغفرون أسحار it means آخر الليل قبيل الفجري that's when they wake up last third of the night and they beg Allah SWT to forgive them oh Allah forgive us غدن means that tomorrow the word غدن means tomorrow هو اليوم الذي بعد يومك the word tomorrow غدن عتامة عتامة is the first third of the night it's through the first lane it's the first third of the night and the prophet prohibited the believers using عتامة for عشة صح? the prophet said do not let the bedwins overcome you and change your prayer from عشة to عتامة don't call it عتامة don't let the bedwins overcome you call it عشة عتامة عتامة means the first third of the night صباحا means it is أول ونسف الليل الأخير إلى الزوال it's basically the half of midnight until the zilith which is ظهر all of that is called صباح مساء is evil which is nine 10 11 are أبدا and أمدا and they basically mean it's المستقبل which is لا نهاية لها which has no وما لا نهاية لهم that has no ending that has no ending it's when you say أبدا okay if you say to somebody لا أكليمك أبدا I will never speak to you that's what it means never ever the word أمدا is also the same the word حيلة we already spoke about it and the word لحظة they are both right yeah صاحة we said it's the last third of the night right it's just before فجر yeah so صباحة we said it's this fully the last the half of the night until it goes to دهر it's called it's called it the Arabs now things have changed now people just call it morning that's how they see it because no one will see you at the half of the night حوكها قوليها قصوبنا اختياص صح و الله فلبكان yeah هو اسم المكان المصود تقديش في مه أماما وخلفا وقداما وغارا وفوقا وطهتا وهندا ومه ورزا وكدا وطلقا وثنة وهنا ومعشبها داري the author now goes into the second type of مفعولة فيهي which is ضرف المكان ضرف المكان is the اسم that indicates a place and the word في is the summary of what it means it's inside something it's basically place but for مكان it's basically places on top button right left front of you behind you okay all of those are used and it's too tight as we said there's ضرف المكان which is مبهب and it is those which don't have a to be honest it doesn't have a image you can have of it which is restricted narrow down no it doesn't an example for that is right left and front and back they're not really restricted because your front can be something very far and it can be something very close okay and it can be anything right in front of you so anything here is in front of you okay so can it also enter front can it also emerge into what's on your right it can so something's right over there is in front of me and it's also on my right so which one is it so it's very it's hard to restrict it somebody might choose to say it's in front of me but somebody might understand it's to be right in front of him another person might say it's on my right and then you might think so when he says right it's actually level to him are you with me so they're مبهب they're really ambiguous are you there right left in front behind they're not really are you with me they're not really restricted whereas دار فا مكان which is مخطص are you with me it's actually restricted very restricted and it's like for example في inside inside something okay دخل تفيني داري I entered the house okay you know that that person is inside the building okay وصلي تفيني نسجد I prayed inside the messjid and the author he wrote 13 words okay he wrote 13 words أمامة which is the opposite of behind are you there it's just that in the Quran it uses some words which actually are the opposites of each other like for example the word وراء it means behind but in the Quran it's found to be in front وكان وراءهم ملك ويأخذوا كل صفينة صفينة صح وكان وراءهم أي أمامه صح so the word وراء is what in front right here right now it means in the front are you with me brothers and sisters وراء here means in front but we know it's to be what behind so there are some words in the Quran that are called تباد رانة تباد it means that the two opposites are present in this word sometimes that the word وراء can be used as a front and sometimes it can actually be used as a back an example for that is also قراء تلاتة قراء قرئي عبا قرئي are you with me عبا قرئي are you with me brothers what's the meaning some said it's تهور some said it is حيل حيل is the opposite of تهور are you with me brothers so some words in the Quran that are opposite of each other so again the meaning comes out sometimes from a word based on the context are you there but originally the word أمام means in front وراء is the opposite of خلف which is behind the second is خلف that the author bought which is behind and then he bought the word قدام قدام basically means in front as well وراء which is basically خلف as well فوقا which is above there's something high وكي تحت which is something below عدة which is basically close to next to are you with me مع so it's a جرومية to know the word عدة so when you're talking to a tired leader the Prophet said عليك سلطان عدة سلطان جائر so you talk to me that's what it is when عدة next to صح and the Prophet said he's speaking that language if you want to speak to him say it in his face where he sees you and he can hear you صح that's the condition then the Prophet said that person is a what that person is that greatest مجهد right once he's done that he goes to the leader and he if he sends him a letter can that take no ruling yes he can sending him a letter he reaches him it's عدة you made him read it you made him you made him know about it so the word عدة is used so you take the meaning of the حدي the word مع is with okay is when you unite with something or do something or you company something إزاءة it means مقابل opposite حداة means a close place for example you suggest حداة الأبيري I slept I slept sorry I sat close to the close to the Prince The word تلقاء it means the word إزاء which is the opposite so the word تلقاء is actually the opposite ثماء okay with a فتحة on the not ثماء ثماء it's اسم إشارة and it's also used as a to the place which is something far okay هنا is اسم إشارة and it's also used as a to the place which is something far okay it's also used as a to the place which is close which is close هنا نعم باب الحال هو اسم نصوبا المصر المفسر لمن فهمه لمن فهمه لمن فهمه لمن فهمه لمن فهمه لمن فهمه من الهيئات الم not ولا يكونaha والله نرا nonprofit فطارة الع Precisely providing it means ما علي the situation that you're in it means لغة يمرت إلى الإسم المنصوب المفصر، first condition is that it's an the author here mentions five things. Five things is what brings about حال. The first one is إسم, okay. The second one is المنصوب. The third one is المفصر, مفصر here means explainer and clarifier.  الممتعين يخبرون هذه الآخرين و يوجد ثلاثة أخرى التي تخبرونه أنه لم يتكلم. أين سنذهب؟ المتنمج لأجرومية. المتنمج لأجرومية أيضاً لتكلم عن الأشياء التي لم يتكلم. والنقول إذا لم يكون فعال. لكن إذا كان حالة لأجرومية أو إضافة. فلا تأتي معرفة. إذا كتب معرفة أن تقول إيكان. وإذا كان قد ي arribب مPeter. إذا كتب معرفة كيف يحدث? سنبدأ أنه يبدو مثل العنت. سوف يبدو like the نعت. صح؟ إذا كنت نعت. لذلك لأنه لا يتوهم. لذلك لن يكون هناك فتاة للمعرفة. إذا كان لديها حال أو نعت. لذلك الآن لن نعلم. هذا أهم than the author. و لا يكون في the second condition that the author mentions. The first condition is أن تكون نكرة. So it doesn't look like the نعت. It has to come after the speech is finished. So when we say after the ending of the speech it means that the مبتدأ and the خبر have come. or the فعل and the فاعل have come. Are you with me? I mean the sentence has to be a complete sentence that stands by itself. Then it can come. Number 3 is that and don't worry about whether it can go before it or after it. That's not the condition here. تمام الكلام doesn't mean it goes before it after it. It just means the speech has to be complete. It has to be a complete sentence. Whether it goes before that or after it doesn't matter as long as the sentence is complete in its meaning. Okay about this. The third one is The thing in which it's giving you the situation of has to be معرفة. So جاء محمد باحكا. محمد has to be known. Okay. So you can't say جاء رجلوا باحكا. You can't. Okay. وزيطن أقرم منك أبن واجمل منك واتن. ولا يكون إلا لك رخ ولا يكون إلا بعد تمام الكلام.


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In this module, which is the continuation of the microbial growth kinetics in previous two modules of this topic, we can we discussed different phases of the growth and different methods to estimate the growth. But in this module, we will gradually talk about the batch culture kinetics. In the previous modules, when we talk about the type of fermentation, we divide the fermentation into three different types on the base of the process batch fermentation, fat batch fermentation and continuous fermentation. So, today and in the following different modules, we will talk about the kinetics parameters in batch culture, fat batch and then in a continuous culture. So, as concerned the batch culture, as we have already discussed that batch culture is a batch of a culture medium in a fermenter is inoculated with the microorganism which we called as starter culture or inoculum. And then the fermentation proceed for a certain duration, which we called as incubation time at specific temperature with specific pH at a specific agitation and other parameters. And then at the end we harvest, there is no addition of the substrate during that. So, as we refer back, the batch culture is a closed system, which contain an initial limited amount of the nutrients. We put all the things at one time in technical terms as concerned the substrate or the nutrients we call them the S that amount of the substrate we add at zero time or we can say that before inoculation or before sterilization. So, that will remain the same and there is no more addition of that, but if we say that remain same that is not correct term because during the growth that S will be depleted because the growth will occur and at the result of the growth you know that growth will only occur when they utilize some substrates. So, when growth occurs the organism use some substrate and then they use for their metabolic pathways and then after the certain time we harvest that culture. So, in this whole process there are different changes occur in we can say that when growth will happen you can say here as we have already discussed in previous module about different phases of the growth especially in batch culture. So, there is a lag phase again in which we can say that it is a acclimatization stage in which only the cell there is no increase in the number, but they utilize some substrate for their maintenance and then there is a exponential phase. In this phase we can say there is a maximum utilization of the substrate and then there is a stationary phase in which also the organism has their metabolic pathways active, but in this rate the death become equal to the birth, but as concerned the decline is we cannot say that the metabolic pathways totally become inactive, but in this case some cells remain active, but the death rate increase then the birth rate. Now, talking of in detail about the growth kinetics in batch culture we should know that different symbols we use for the biomass for substrate for product. In this slide you can easily see that different so the x is used for biomass, s will be used for substrate and p for used for the product. So, as concerned the kinetics microbial growth kinetics in batch culture we will talk about the relationship between x mean biomass to time that how the change occur in biomass with respect to time and then how the substrate depleted with respect to time and what will be the rate of product formation with respect to time. So, in case of the product sometimes we say that in batch culture x biomass itself considered as the product might be you know that in very in our the introduction of the fermentation when we talk about the different types of the product we talk about the four different ranges of the fermentation. The first range of the fermentation product was the biomass production in which the biomass x is itself called as the product. So, sometimes x itself is a product sometimes some products are associated with the biomass as the biomass increase product will also increase, but sometimes our product will not be associated with the cell biomass. So, in as we concerned that if we want to produce the amount of DNA so as the biomass will increase the DNA will also increase. So, we should clarify here that when we talk about the kinetics we should know either our product is biomass associated or not associated with the biomass.


I'm so excited. I'm going on a trip. I'm gonna leave my little studio and I've packed up my bag I got a new little suitcase our other suitcases all got destroyed during the flood you guys are probably tired of hearing about the Flooding of my home But we had we've had to get so many things new But I love this purple suitcase because I can identify it when we're on a trip and I have my art supplies So this is dedicated just to my art supplies I know some of you guys can relate because I've seen some of your posts about how we pack and we spend more time Packing our art supplies then our clothes As artists sometimes, you know, just our little precious babies are more important than how we look So anyway, I thought I'd just show you some of the things I packed just maybe give ideas to other people outside here This has all these compartments. I feel like 007 or something. I've got a little thing where I have my business cards With a little easel because sometimes people walk by when you're painting and they're like, who are you and What do you do and how do I get in touch with you? So that's a good thing to just have them available easily and Let me see. I don't even know I've packed so many things away in here. I have oh, this is a neat little light You can get from They actually gave it to me free Jerry's are the wrong if they have their name on it here. Yeah, Jerry's In case you don't have great lighting This is just a nice little very bright light in case you're kind of in dim lighting and you find yourself in a spot Where you can't see so it has like three levels. So I gotta make sure to turn it off Yep, and I got um my little earbuds there for listening to music and things and I'll probably have all of my adapters and things in there inside I'm not gonna take everything out of here, but I have my tapes and I don't even know what that is. I have brushes and Watercolors because I have enough supplies to do an underpainting. I have my little tripod thing for my camera I have a little applicator in case I want to apply to just so which I have over here and Let's see. What else do I have? I have my iPad Stand that I got from Ikea, which is really handy. Some of you may have seen the pictures I pasted or posted earlier today with my Sienna plein air box and I have various some sketch pads and things To take with me. Of course, I have my pastel papers. They're tucked away back here Along with some glassing what sometimes once you paint something and you're on a trip you have to have a way to protect them So glassing it's almost like wax paper. You put between your paintings when you're done and keep them safely I've got in this little clear pouch anything liquid you want to protect. I've got a bottle school of alcohol and water Or you know what I want to do an underpainting maybe with some Some kind of medium underneath. I've got a bottle full of just water I've got my clear gesso. I've got my little handy dandy phone Stand thing that I hopefully can do some recording on the ship and make a video I hope I've got an extra extension cord because sometimes you can't find an outlet when you're traveling Or or you can't find one close if you need to recharge your iPad or your phone So that's always handy. These are just little things I've learned over the years. I've got various pencils sharpeners erasers and I used this box here. This is just a Rembrandt pastel box I got but I repurposed it and I have all of my neutral pastels and my harder new pastels That I came up with a way that they're they're pretty safe. So you don't even hear them rattling around So now when I go through at the cruise ships sometimes they want to know They want to open up your bag and they want to inspect it make sure you're not carrying drugs or weapons or anything like that And so you can say no, I'm just a peaceful artist But I'm tell them to be gentle with all of your things So I've got all kinds of other art supplies underneath here, but this makes for a very nice bag that is safe and When I get on the ship, I can just it's I like this when it has the rollers that spin all the way around like that So purple bag with my art supplies. I'm ready to go. Oh my goodness I'm gonna relax. It's been so long. So anyway, I love you guys. I hope that helped anybody who wants to pack for Painting on a trip