Good morning Distinguished ladies and gentlemen Mr. Carlos Slim My fellow co-chair, Mr. Orinza and Ms. Irina Bokova Co-vice Chairs of the Broadband Commission David Nabarro special advisor to the end secretary general on SDGs Distinguished commissioners ladies and gentlemen good morning once again I'm pleased to continue our discussion know how to ensure that The opportunities create created by broadband connectivity reach everyone on our planet the Broadband Commission has already done impressive work in that direction We have seen the numbers more than half The world's population still do not have access to the internet mostly in the developing world as developed countries turn to their Focus to The higher end of these technologies whether it is the Internet of Things big data and other emerging areas Developing countries have to work harder and smarter to both cash up and take advantage of this next phase of the digital revolution We must therefore remain ambitious The global goals provide both a useful framework and also The opportunity to raise our focus beyond connecting people Towards innovation transformation and growth This requires even a bolder thinking and Organization and the higher expectations of ever on the world Broadband cannot solve all the world's problems But we know it can accelerate progress in overcoming the biggest obstacles to Global prosperity and well-being Finally, I would like to Invite all of you To the Transform Africa Summit Which will take place in Ikegari from 19th to 21st of October where African leaders of government and in business and Others from across the world will be meeting to support the efforts ongoing in Africa To have this transformation building on I cities Take place We will discuss How to harness ICT to make African cities More sustainable and economically vibrant We hope to see many of you there, and I thank you and look forward to our conversations today Thank you once again


Good morning, and thank you to Marta, Susanna, and Cecil for this wonderful session on textile. Very, very interesting, and very, very busy. So, let's begin with our topic about Mycenaean carpet, and especially about Mycenaean tepo. As in many languages, a linear V2 object can be referred to through both words and logogram. That is to say, through a drone directly or indirectly linked to this object. And this way to refer to an object still works nowadays, especially with image. Here, we have a very direct relation between the image and the text, because the text is going about a dog and we have the image of a dog. But what if we have this kind of imaging? None of these two imaging refer to toilets, but we can understand which is the relationship between the text and the image. Which is the difference that we have at some point the text and the imaging have split, so they refer to two different things. And we have to reconstruct all the paths these two different rules have done to understand which is this collection. So, which is the object referred to by the Mycenaean word tepo and this ligature that we will see. So, which kind of data can we have from linear B tablets? We have contextual data that talk us about the shape of this tepo. And as far as the shape is concerned, we know that it was an evi textile, it was large, it was woolen, and it was rectangular. We know that because of the very huge amount of sheep wool that is required to have this fabric and rectangular is a deduction that can be made on the basis, especially of the shape that we will see now. But we can discuss about that. So, especially on this contextual basis, Mycenaean tepo has been compared with alphabetic Greek tapest, that is carpet. That it seems to fit almost entirely the characteristics required by contextual data from linear B tablets. We have also the ligature that refer to this object. The ligature is a drone that is obtained from a logogram and from another syllabogram used in logographic function inscribed inside the logogram. So, the logogram is Pella, and you can see that it has a squared shape. There is wringle or not, this is the same. It is related to different of scribal ends, it's not referred to the fabric or the quality of the textile. So, the logogram is Pella, and the acrophonic abbreviation is Te, and you can see that it is made through a vertical long stroke and three different horizontal strokes, three in each side. So, the ligature Pella plus Te is a squared Pella with Te inscribed. This is what we have in linear B, as referred to Pella plus Te. But we have probably ancestors of this ligature and both of the syllabogram Te and also of the logogram Pella. We can see this in linear A, and we have this through the sign AB54. These are the drones of the sign AB54. You can easily see that this sign is quite similar to a loom. So, we could wonder if either it referred to directly a loom or rather, also it seems to be more likely, it referred to the object mainly on the loom. That is maybe the generic name of a fabric. But this is the attestation of sign AB54 in linear A. It is the sign developed. We have two different paths for the same sign. We have this sign in the linear B va, that is a syllabogram, and we have this same sign in the logogram Pella. It seems to have no relationship between the linear B Pella and linear B va because of the simplification of the shape of the imaging. But just let me think that they have a different purpose because you use the syllabogram much more than a logogram and they have different functions too because the main function of a logogram is to recall directly the object. So, this Pella recalls the shape of a fabric while the va has remained more similar to the original AB54. And it could be one of the reasons why they differ so much even though they were born on the same sign. We have sign T in linear A2. This is not just the sign T because we have not the pure sign T in linear A. We have it just inscribed into another sign. In this case it is inscribed into the logogram for Y. But we can see that it is made of a vertical stroke and three ladle strokes. This time they are not regional but rather they are obliques. And if we make a comparison between linear A and linear B sign, we can see this difference between the regional stroke and the obliques strokes. We have a further attestation of this T sign in a further description that is T1. And we cannot say so far if it belongs to the linear A or to the Cretan hieroglyphic. We have argument for both interpretation of course but we are not able to decide. This is the description I was referring to. And of course you can easily imagine which is the sign I'm interested in. That is this one of course. It is made of the sign AB54 and AB4. AB4 is sign for T and 54 is sign for Y. That is what we have previously seen. We can compare this one to the linear A sign for T and we can see that they have both a large vertical stroke in the middle and then we have further stroke obliques on both sides. So this one is much more similar to the linear A sign than to the linear B. This is because it is more ancient of course. It could be argued that we have more than three strokes. So maybe it was even more ancient that the linear A sign we have in Gnostus and maybe it could use as an argument to say that this description belongs to the Cretan hieroglyphic but we have also argument to say that belongs to linear A. So I don't know which is your idea about this shape, this drone but I'm not sure it could be carpet. Because the previous description we have seen from contextual data that is heavy, that is large, that is woolen and rectangular because this is the shape we have here could be applied also on different objects. And if we go back to linear B tablets, we can also see from contextual data that these tepa, tela plus te, belong to the royal sphere, to the ritual sphere and it was a luxury object that maybe was... it was required for special palace or commission needs. So it's very, very tentative to compare the drone of the linear A, Cretan hieroglyphic sign to these wonderful scarves of the ladies from the Larnax of Tanagra. This is very tentative but it's not scientific because we have one and one we cannot match just because they fit. However, however, however, let's go to the linguistics data. I said that it has been applied this parallel but I've said not that there is a linguistic problem in this interpretation that is this. If we have E in Mycenaean, we cannot have A in alphabetic Greek. It can be the opposite but cannot be this. So this interpretation has some linguistic problem and it's not the only one. We have further problems from the linguistic point of view with this interpretation. What if we compare Mycenaean tepa to these words? Tebar is a word of unknown origin that we have in an Akavic dictionary and is labelled as a friend work, friend is German, art is in English. Foreign, thank you, as a foreign word. So we don't know where Tebar comes from. And we also have Tebena. Tebena is the Greek word that Greek use to refer to Latin toga and Latin toga comes from the Truscan Tebena and Tebena was a dress that was used by priests in royal context and it has also further similarities. One more thing. We cannot be sure that Tebena and Tebar are really two different words or maybe just one because we can have a common basis, teb, that is the one we see also in Mycenaean tepa and maybe also before in linear A and in credit hieroglyphic and then we just have different suffixes that Tebar and Tebena. So what if we make this compare? We can say that both teba and tebena are heavy textiles with real, large, wooden, belonging to the royal, the little sphere and luxury object. Actually the only difference seems to be that toga and tebena when rounded exactly and where tepa was squared. It could be a difference, but we can take into account also for the factor. First of all, it seems to be that it was a general differences between Greek and Roman attire as far the shape is concerned because generally speaking Roman attire were rounded and Greek was squared or maybe we think it was squared just because of the logogram. So this is a question to be aware but it seems to be not an obstacle so big if compared to all the information that we have. And lastly, our host Catalan says...


Irma, honey. Yes Jane. This magazine says that scientists in Arizona have just found the footprints of a prehistoric animal Two million years old. What do you think of that? Well, I think they're silly if they try to track it down. I'm sure it's dead That's what you can expect when you listen to my friend Irma Leave her brothers company makers of swan the soap with the exclusive super cream to plan presents Our friends swan with my friend Irma starring Mary Wilson is Irma and Kathy Lewis is Jane Tonight is a very important night for me.  I really kind of like him So I decided to discuss it with my roommate Irma Irma, yes Jane. I know this may shock you honey, but I have a date tonight and it's not with Richard not with Richard Oh, Jane, you're going to get a reputation for being footloose Of course, if you want to go around with loose feet Oh, Irma stop being a puritan. This is 1948. How long gonna girl wait for a man? I'm getting older. So what you know what they say Jane wine improves with age. I know If you wait long enough it can turn into vinegar Personally, I think Richard's just wonderful But he doesn't seem to be getting any more serious the sound of those wedding bells seems to be growing fainter Well, that's one problem. I haven't got Jane. I hear bells in my head all the time Jane who's your new fellow? Oh his name is Peter Guilford Irma. He's nothing short of sensational. Oh, just like my Al He's a sensational nothing too You can say that again, but I wish you wouldn't because the subject bores me. Oh Jane What is your new fellow Peter Guilford do well? I don't know too much about him honey because I just met him But I know he has an important job with the government. He he mentioned something about being in charge of financial Distribution well Jane even though you met another fella. I still think you love Richard now. Tell me the truth Well, I don't really know sweetie Sometimes I'm not sure that I was ever truly in love with Richard. Well, that's where Alan. I are different. We know we're in love Otherwise, why would I get all confused and dizzy? Well, honey the answer to a question like that has many ramifications Anyway, I just can't wait until my date tonight with Peter Guilford, you know, I'm really excited about him Come in.  I just came down to tell you the good news. I made up with Mrs. O'Reilly Wonderful professor. That's all we like to hear. How long could I stay mad at a woman who has such a wonderful heart? Imagine last night. She baked me a seven layer cake just what I needed Oh, that's nice. We'll make a perfect foot rest. Well This is a day for romance you miss O'Reilly and and Jane has a new boyfriend Janey, is that right? What happened with Richard? Nothing It's just that Richard's been stalling and I've decided not to put all my eggs in one basket Oh, you're smart Jane when they cost almost a dollar a dozen. You have to be careful Being careful is what I want to talk to you about Janie a person in choosing a mate must never be too particular You know, I remember when I started caught in girls One I didn't like because she was mean another was jealous another was stingy another was naggy So gradually I became an expert and I wound up marrying a woman who was a combination of all I'm just jumping to conclusions professor. I'm not marrying Peter Guilford. I'm merely having dinner with him But it's something to keep in mind Janie. Why do you think I've gotten romantical thoughts about Mrs. O'Reilly? I'll tell you all my life women. I've known have run around with other fellows, but Mrs. O'Reilly Her I could leave on an island with a boatload of shipwreck sailors and she wouldn't get kissed if a mistletoe tree fell out And that's what a man likes peace of mind Professor, do you know that Jane's new boyfriend Peter Guilford has a very important job with the government or really Janie What does he do? Well, he told me he was in charge of financial distribution Oh that already is a big job and Janie. I hope it works out well for you. Thank you Well girls, I got to go now since I'm taking Mrs. O'Reilly out I think I'll run down to the corner and buy her a corsage a bunch of celery Oh professor, you can't smell celery. I got news for you. You can't eat daisies either. Good bye Hello. Hiya chicken. The telephone booth down at the unemployment office gonna be a little late chicken The guy who gives out the check seems to be all thumbs today. Well, he should make you wait after all you're one of their best customers I know would make a complaint, but don't want him to think I'm trying to take his job away from it The line's starting to move. We'll see you soon. Goodbye Al.  This gripes me still have to stand in line. You think a guy who's been coming here this long and have seniority That's the fault of the guy who distributes the checks that Peter Guilford.  Oh, hiya Pete How's tricks? Oh, it's you Al. Did you look for a job this week? No, I couldn't you see, um, my grandmother died She died last week She rallied I knew you'd have an answer you always do. Here's your check. Oh, thanks Pete. See you next weekend That peter guilford.  I want to look my best for peter guilford tonight. All right jane Come in. Hello, Mrs. O'Reilly.  Oh, thank you dear The professor and I are going out tonight and I was wondering if you could lend me a pair of dark glasses Dark glasses? Yes. The wind blew me eyelashes off the windowsill I I wouldn't want him to see me without them You know the way he kids about me false teeth and the artificial fingernails and the bleach transformation He says if we ever cross the border the customs man will be checking my parts five days after we've gone Oh He's a great kidder It's me again girls and mrs.  I was just out taking a walk. Oh professor. Don't move There are two caterpillars on your shoulder caterpillars Glory be those are me eyelashes As I should have known you know, mrs.  I see you wearing a new dress Going somewhere special with him. Well before ermah gets a chance to distort the news. I'll tell it to you I'm dating a new bow tonight. Yes, and he's a very important man who works for the government Well, you know what's best for you janey. I only hope it'll bring you happiness After all the most important thing in life is love now take me All right, I'll admit. I'm not a spring chicken. I'm 39 But I'm going out with the professor tonight mrs. O'Reilly you are 39 Then let me ask you a question Why is it the moment the music starts you automatically go into a minuet? That's the reason I love to go out with you professor I like to go out with you too, but to help me I can't think of a reason Well, goodbye girls. We'll be running along now. Goodbye and janey. Have a good time tonight with your new boyfriend. Thanks professor Ermah, you know I want to make a good impression tonight. So I think I'll buy a new hat I won't be long if richard calls. Remember you don't know where I am. All right jane Hello jane. Hiya chicken. Hi al Hello, al, honey. Oh the humiliation of that unemployment office I won't have to put up with that stuff much longer got a deal that'll put me on easy street Yeah, I know you're gonna glue corn silk on old sweaters and sell them for fur jackets No, that's not the deal but like yours better Sorry al. I've already patented it with the insane asylum Well, I'll be back as soon as I find a hat honey. Goodbye all Disparage and day never gonna amount to nothing. Oh, don't say that about jane al She has a date for dinner tonight with a new boyfriend. Oh, she gave richard the old heave-ho Well, richard has been stalling. You know a girl gets impatient waiting for a man to accept her proposal Chicken you ain't hinting about you and I no al but now that you mention it I think it's about time we get married I want to have children while I'm young while I still know what more than they do Chicken you can't get married on a shoestring Besides, I want you to have a nice home beautiful furniture a maid and a car of your own Oh al a car of my own. Well, certainly you think after we're married. I'm gonna let you walk to work I get so tired of waiting for that day. Oh now chicken You got to be patient till one of my deals comes through Oh al if you could only get a good job like jane's new boyfriend has we could get married right away Yeah, what does this guy do? Oh, he's with the government in charge of financial distribution financial distribution Sounds important Chicken me meeting a guy like that might change our whole future. How I'm working on a plan No, all our dreams will come true. Oh, well, I have so much confidence in you.  It feels smoother as susie swan says it's a smoothie It's a smoothie. It's a cake of swan. You can feel that super creamed blend You can feel the difference in it. You can tell it in a minute. It's a smoothie That's swan Yes, ladies the way swan feels is a direct result of swan super creamed blend So next time when you unwrap a cake of swan make this little test Run your fingertips over the surface of the cake feel the smoothness See how swan super creamed blend makes swan differ from other soaps Then when you use swan for dishes feel swan's suds They feel richer creamier and swan's mild suds protect your hands Sure, when you're through look at your hands. You'll see they're left with a smooth soft young look What's more swan super creamed suds are thick fast suds too And they rinse away so completely your dishes don't need wiping It's true swan soap means faster dishwashing and protection for your hands Thanks to swan's exclusive super creamed blend I've been shopping for a hat I've tried off the face hats on the face hats low brims high brims no brims no hat just brim However, I saw one that I thought was adorable Three roses sewed on a ribbon $95 I wouldn't spend that much for three roses if I just finished a quarter four roses Decided to just forget the hat let my personality work for me tonight Hi Jane. Did you get a hat? No, I didn't honey Not that I care, but uh did Richard call no Well who cares just as well? Oh, yes Well, I don't care Were you here all the time? Yes Well, if he does call tell him I'm not here. All right, Jane Never mind. I'll tell him Hello Oh, it's you Richard. Jane. I have good news for you. I'm taking you out tonight I've got news for you. I've already got a date Yes, I have Well, that's nice. Uh enjoy yourself. I certainly will. Good night, Jane Richard Richard Richard angry. Well, Jane, do you care? Of course. I don't care. He means nothing to me. Nothing. It's all Jane you just tore your handkerchief Well, I like it that way after all two handkerchiefs are better than one Only me alone. Will you? All men are dogs Hiya chicken. Hello prince, honey We were just talking about you. Oh something good I hope because uh Jane I got something to ask you and I I don't know exactly how to begin Well, leave out the words may I borrow and just take it from there I don't need money Jane it it is my belief that a guy only gets places through contacts people he meets Yeah, that's partially true. Yeah. Now when you first introduced me to Richard I thought he could do me some good But uh through some slip in the conversation. He found out I was a bum Now Jane you got a new guy and I want him to think well of me I mean you mean in case he can do you some good. Well contacts are vital Jane Now wait Al. I've just met Peter. It's our very first date. I haven't even been out with him yet I know he has an important position with the government But but I can't ask him to waste his time helping out the unemployed But Jane I'm not asking for myself. It's for chicken. I want to marry her But first first I want to make a man out of myself. Oh, well don't change too much Hold it chicken Look Jane your new guy is with the government and they got lots of jobs open. There's there's diplomatic work There's reclamation projects. Well, I might get a job with the tva. No, Al. I don't want you to fly Chicken tva is a dam. I don't want you to swear either What do you say Jane I'd get down on my knees and beg you but this suit won't take it What do you say? We all go to dinner together. Well g l I'd like to help you make new contacts if I could but I can't impose on a strange man and an important man on our very first date I'm not asking for charity the treats on me We'll pick up the check to impress this guy part of the scheme. Oh, Al. I just can't do it Oh jane is for our children I can't even do it for your children and believe me. I'm crazy about them Yes, this is jane stacey Oh Hello, peter. How nice of you to call. Please jane. We'll pay all expenses. Yeah. Yeah Uh peter I hope you don't mind, but I have a rather unusual request to make you see I live with a girl ermma peterson and her boyfriend is in town and they would like us to be their guests at dinner What's that? You accept Now now you're sure you don't mind Oh, that's fine. We'll meet you here for cocktails. Yeah at the same time Wonderful. Goodbye What do you know? He didn't object. He even seemed eager.  He probably has more money at his fingertips than the government itself Now remember Al. You said you'd pay for this dinner It's all on you and I want to go to a very nice place. We'll handle everything after all I'm trying to make an impression too must spend money to get money Oh jane, you're really a wonderful friend and believe me Al and I'll never forget this and after we get married We'll name our first baby after you That is if it's a girl If it's a boy, we'll name him Jim, but we'll spell it jane I've committed myself to cocktails. I guess I better run out and get some more derbs Fine jane and after cocktails the entire evening is on me. It had better be. I'm loaded Oh, well, it's working out wonderfully. Where do we go for dinner? That's not important What is important is where am I going to get the money to pay for? Oh, but Al, didn't you get your unemployment check today? Yeah, but uh made some bad business investments chicken ran into the crummyest slot machines. I have ever seen I have seen more lemons today than the whole state of california But Al jane and her boyfriend are going as your guest. What are you going to do? Chicken when you're in a spot like this, there's only one man who can help you Who else who else but hello joe? Al Got a problem need 50 bucks immediately. What do you suggest? uh-huh uh-huh Play bingo But joe, how do you win 50 bucks playing bingo? Or the way you play it at surefire Stand in a dark alley with a club Wait for a guy to walk past and bingo you've got the money Oh, no joe. No must be legitimate In that case, you cannot be of service to me. Gotcha. Goodbye joe Chicken you get ready. I'm going out to try to hustle the 50 bucks But Al you got your unemployment check today. What are you doing back? Pete? I'm in a spot Could I have an advance against the next two weeks? Promise you I won't get a job Al look that's against regulations. It can't be done But this might help you and entertaining a big shop with the government might get you a good job Please Al don't bother me. I've got my own troubles I've got a date with the new girl tonight and I've got to raise 10 bucks to get my suit out of hot I was in a worse hole, but luckily she's got a girlfriend whose chump boyfriend is picking up the dinner table You're a fine pal, but I'll fix you this year. I vote republican and next year you'll be in this line right in back of me I'm all dressed and ready to go out. Are we going to a ritzy restaurant with my present resources chicken? I hope jane's boyfriends are vegetarian Looks like we're gonna chew grass in the park Al jane'll be embarrassed because this is her first date and and he's such an important man and everything.  Huh? It's a matter of life or death Could you lend me 50? Sure. Can you break a dollar?  I lend you the 50 dollars Gee, thanks. If I thought I'd get it back Oh, I'll be good for it. Very well Now if you gentlemen turn your backs I'll take it out of the vault Now don't pick professor. Send me stuck in How do you like that and to think I've been wasting time holding hands with her?  Irma wants to show him She's impartial so she's embroidered two more letters in front of her initials D for democrat and an r for republican Of course the fact that it comes out drip doesn't seem to bother at all Honey, yes, jane, you know, I can't understand why peter's late. Well, he better show up I've already invested 10 bucks for chicken's orchid. He's got to be a very big man for me to get my money back Now don't worry al and just don't embarrass me, please Well, I guess I'll go in the kitchen fix the orders Chicken just got an idea What al when this peter gets here won't be right for me to blow my own horn So I think I'll go into the bathroom and that'll give you a chance to tell him all about me Al what shall I say? Well, uh, tell him I'm now retired But we'll make myself available because I know the government wants man to take charge of various projects in all 48 states See projects in all 48 states. Yes, I'll remember. Oh, that must be him now. Let him in. I'll be in the bathroom Come in mr. Gilford Oh, good evening. You must be jane's roommate. Yes, that's me. My initials are on my sweater Just the second half. Uh, won't you sit down so we So we can chat about my boyfriend Uh, what about him?  Oh, hello jane Your your roommate has been trying to tell me something but I know we'll have a drink urma is easier to take that Uh Al meet someone come in holy macro Jane is this the big shot government man? Well, yes Chicken you know your orchid. Yes, put it in the icebox. We're gonna have to eat it all week I'm home and found that ermah had made a little black jacket, which she'd put on our bar of swan soap So I said ermah honey, what's the idea of that and ermah said well jane if a penguin can wear a tuxedo. So can I swan? Well, that's ermah keeping your eye on her swan soap And no wonder because ermah knows that swan is the perfect soap for dishes And you know ladies it is why even the way a cake of swan feels tells you it's a perfect dish washing soap Sure, the next time you unwrap a cake of swan just feel the cake with your fingertips Feel how swan super creamed blend makes it differ from other soaps It feels smoother and feel those mild swan suds. They feel richer creamier Then you'll know why super creamed blend protect your hands Yes, thanks to swan super creamed blend your hands are left with a soft smooth young look And here's an added note those swan suds rinse away so completely your dishes don't need wiping A real time saver so for a soap that protects your hands a soap that gets you out of the kitchen in a hurry You want the soap with the exclusive super creamed blend swan soap All world and I never knew it could be so revolting Me jane stacey the girl with all the answers had a fall for a guy who was only one step ahead of al So I said you know ermah, I've learned my lesson I'm going to stick with richard a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. That's what al says What do you mean, honey? He says why should he go looking for another chicken when he has a perfectly good cuckoo Sal has come through with a perfect description of my friend ermah ermah presented by swan another fine product of lever brother's company was produced and directed by sci-haward Tonight's script was written by sci-haward and park levee My friend ermah stars mary wilson is ermah and kathy lewis is jane The part of professor krapotkin was played by hans conry ladies listen The shortage of fats and oils is still very serious and it's worldwide So please keep on saving every drop of used kitchen fat. Your butcher will pay you for every pound frank bingman speaking Yes, there's a reason why spry makes grand cakes spry has an amazing cake Improver secret try the spry one bowl way and be sure of lighter finer richer cakes every time No other type of shortening has spry's cake improver for new cake making success try spry the pure all vegetable shortening Union next week one hour earlier and listen to the lux radio theater immediately followed by my friend ermah This is cbs where 99 million people gather every week the columbia broadcasting system


I now have a solution that is 0.01 molar in acetic acid and 0.01 molar in sodium acetate. Notice that the pH of this buffer solution is very close to the pH of the 0.1 molar buffer solution. Remember that diluting the buffer does not change the pH of the buffer. I will now add one molar HCl to the buffer. Notice that I have added five drops of one molar HCl. Notice that the pH of the buffer has dropped very rapidly. The two buffers have the same initial pH, but the 0.01 molar buffer has a much lower buffer capacity. It will not neutralize nearly as much added acid or base. It only takes five drops of the one molar HCl solution to destroy the buffer. I have a new sample of the 0.01 molar acetic acid, 0.01 molar sodium acetate buffer mixture. I'm now going to add one molar sodium hydroxide to the solution. I've added five drops of the one molar sodium hydroxide. Notice that the pH of the solution has risen rapidly. Again, the buffer capacity of the more dilute buffer solution is a lot lower. After adding ten drops of the one molar sodium hydroxide, we have completely destroyed the buffer and the pH has risen very rapidly.


Welcome, everyone. It's the ninth of June. This is the get lab plug in modernization project meeting. So harsh. I've got items on the agenda, including pending pull requests. Any discussion if we need to have some discussion from last week. I put mentor checklist on there is a standing thing, just in case and an open question is this time still working for everyone. Are there other things you'd like to put on the agenda. Like, for the midterm evaluation, like my and semester examinations are classic. Right, right. Okay, that's a very important one. So upcoming upcoming schedules and events. Very good. Okay, so midterm evaluation midterm mid or not. That's the mid you said examinations for university are coming right. Dates and preparation. Good. Okay. And you mentioned midterm evaluation. Are you talking about the project or yeah. Okay. All right, term evaluation for the project. Okay, like the presentation that we have to give. So that was clashing. Oh, that will clash with your examinations. Okay, all right, good to know. All right, so we may need to have you record it separately and play it back or something to do it earlier so that it doesn't collide with your exams that examinations take first priority. Okay, good. So upcoming schedules and events is a good topic. Any other topics you want on the agenda. Other than this get lab also announced get lab 16 which did some breaking here and there in the get lab plugin and that is also going to be fixed I think in this project only other than this I can't think of anything. Okay, so well let's put that one I would love to hear from you on get lab 16 breaking changes because you've, you're probably the first, first explorer of that so let's put it there. Great. Anything else for the agenda. On my side like I would like to discuss more on these topics. Oh, and we will. Great. Okay, so let's go through them then. First check on the action items so we had said a UML diagram but decided that was lower priority than your work on the pull request I assume it's still lower priority are you okay with that harsh. Great. And a snapshot of version six of get lab for Jay. This I think is also lower priority because we, we assume you're using the five dot x version. Okay, good lower priority, but I tried doing that and this was a complete mess for me. Like, I was not able to build a snapshot because I like first of all I was using the MacBook so I had to update the get lab for the library to have the Docker Maven plugin of fabric eight to work. Like, after doing that the integration tests of the library started to fail and I and Chris, I and Chris were trying to fix that I was not able to fix it. And Chris was also tired after a lot of stuff that we tried to do and it was a bad experience overall, like we couldn't. So I just filed an issue in the get lab for the GitHub account. And I don't know, like, how will I do that like I tried it on my m one chip like it did not really work so I also tried it on get bought, and it still didn't work like that was. Like, I was able to do it for just deploying a snapshot it might be easier to skip the tests because you don't need to run the tests. What were you having an issue compiling it or running the tests. Like it was compiling but the tests for not running like I was doing maybe install and it was not working. Yeah, it might be easier to just skip the tests for the purposes of creating the snapshot. Because the point of this is not the point of this is not for us to, you know, do a release of the get lab for J library which which, you know, if we were actually doing a release of that ourselves we would care about the tests not working but we're just getting a snapshot for our own internal use. It would be fine to skip the tests I think. That's, that's actually really good. Otherwise I would have been a dead meat. Okay. All right. Anything else on the action items before we go on to schedules and events. No, I don't think I tried anything else in the week, except the full request of course. Right. Okay, so, so tell us what are your examination dates and your preparation time so we make sure we like. July 6 to July 13 is my examination, and I think the midterm evaluation presentation is also flashing in that time period. So I may need to record the presentation. Okay, so let me let me do a quick look at the where would I look probably the Jenkins calendar, or or let's let's let's just let's not take time in the meeting I'll double check it this is something I can do separately. I can check the the presentation date. Discuss alternatives with John Mark with the org admins, because I think they will agree wholeheartedly your examinations are much more important than you doing a presentation. We want the presentation, but we could do a recording of it earlier. There are all sorts of ways we could consider doing it. Okay, did anything else on upcoming schedules. All right, tell us about get lab 16s breaking release and breaking changes, what have you learned like what did they do what they did it's like for making the stuff projects work better and to improve the performance of get lab server. They introduced delimiters which are actually creating problems when I when the user is trying to click on when the user is trying to go to the changes that they committed using the Jenkins build changes section. They are redirecting to a wrong page so I'll have to correct the URL structure for that so that's like others. No, that's the only thing that they did that I know that the issues were raised in the get lab plugin. So I will have to solve them also. That issue would affect users of rest easy to would it not. Yeah, yeah, it's, it will be affecting the rest easy as well as get lab. Yeah, so this seems like it's kind of another one of those orthogonal changes to this effort in the sense that you know we could improve this. But I would feel, I would feel strongly that such an improvement would be done in a separate PR from the one that migrates to get lab for Jay. So I didn't really do it in the this PR which I made regarding the first milestone of migrating the resource because I'll be, I'll be making it another PR for this. So, and that other PR we could, we could conceivably merge and release so that we fix it for get lab 16 users already right that doesn't, I think I have I understood you correctly. Okay, yeah, yeah. So limiters are you talking about pagination of the rest API. I mean like did they, they had a page number to it or I'm not sure what you're referring to. Like they added a dash in between just so that they could separate the projects and stuff projects. That's what that's the only thing that they did that I found out just to improve the performance of the get lab server like I don't know how they are doing it but yeah that's what they did. Well that's yeah that seems like a pretty easy thing for us to adjust. Right. Well, and it seems like we will probably need to somehow do it conditionally based on the version of get lab that they're using because the old one doesn't respond that way 15 and earlier, still honor the old URL is that right. There's a lot of research on that like if I'm trying to like if I'm trying to click on the old URL it's automatically directing to the newer URL. So I'll have to research a bit on that I didn't really work on that I was more on the PR. Yeah, no problem and you did the right thing that that was the PR is certainly the more important thing. If we needed to I suspect others could do this change if you're, if you're feeling like hey you you don't have the time to work on this one. Yeah, it's a pretty easy thing like it's not good. Okay. Anything else on the get lab 16 breaking changes then. Nope. Okay next topic then pending pull requests that need discussion so I see three but I may have them in the wrong order for what you would prefer for discussion. Is there which which of these would you like to start first. Ignore the draft PR that I made, like the main PR the normal PR which I did. I think we need to review this. I also added a Docker based functional test with like I adapted them also, but it was a stress goal but I just forgot about it and just added it anyways. So, like, I am waiting for a review for this. Okay, and so this 1501. This is the one that's not draft and you're ready for you feel like you're ready for review. Yeah. Good. All right. Okay. So the tests are now compiling with this version right. Yeah, I adapted the test also so they are working at least on my side. And Chris also confirmed that they are working. Yeah, they are compiling. I don't think we're running them yet in the CI build. Are you running them look I think we are running them. As far as I can see, I would be surprised if CI was running. Oh, it's running. Oh yeah, these are just the injected tests aren't they know right. The CI build is not running the get lab tests yet. So if they are working then, if they are working that we could re-enable them in this pull request. But if they aren't, then it's markets in the palm file. Oh, so I can't, I can't just do a replay. Okay, got it. No cheating. Okay. If they are, if they are not just compiling but running, then we could re-enable them in this PR by basically reverting the changes that I had originally made to disable them. And if they aren't work, if they're not working then it would be fine to re-enable them in a separate change. But I think we would consider that an important thing to re-enable them before this project branch is put back to the main branch. Yeah, so, so harsh, would you like to be the one who re-enables the tests in that in your pull request? Are you comfortable how to do that? I don't really know. Well, let's see. Let's, all you need to do is the way Basil, you can describe it. Yeah, all you need to do is run a diff between the project branch and the main branch. And the only, the only difference right now between the two is the code that I committed to disable compiling and running the tests. So that would just need to be reverted. Yeah, it's basically this one and a predecessor to it, right? And this one. Which, as Basil said, do it, do it with a diff between the master branch and your working branch. You'll see what the changes. Okay, I'll revert it and try and see if it's passing or not. Now don't be dismayed. If you could just at mention me or Basil when you do that, because I suspect you don't have permission to run, to execute a jank. Oh no, this is not a Jenkins file change. Is it Basil? No change. Okay. I didn't say anything harsh, please ignore the last sentence I said it was nonsense. Okay, good. Yeah, and, and, you know, you would, you would want to run them locally before you try to do it in CI. And there's no, there's no pressure, you know, if they, if they aren't working locally yet. There's no pressure to do it in this PR, even just getting them to compile is a first step that's positive. So we could always, you know, do another PR after this one to make sure that they're actually executing, not just compiling. So, you know, if we're already there, that's great. And if we're not there that we'll get there, you know, and we'll get there soon. And I'll confirm with this, like we were working on the test cases I shared with him in the draft PR and he said that it was working. So I think he will review it first before I actually enable the test. Great. So compare with the master branch and undo the differences in the in the palm file. Okay. So, so have you with 1501 have you, I remember last week we were running into some problems connecting to the GitLab server, you were getting the TCP time out. So have you been able to work through that since we last talked. Yeah, it was working for me. At least it was I tried, I also tested it interactively, like not that heavily but at least the basic features I tested it and it was working for me fine. Okay, great. Maybe I can share the HPI file with you guys so that you can also test it like I didn't really test it that heavily because I wanted to test things very heavily after the webhook thing was implemented but still you can do it that can share the HPI Yeah, that sounds exactly right because we for this initial pull request. Our goal is to get things, you know, off the ground, not to make it perfect. So, you know, that that sounds exactly like exactly what we were looking for. Now, given that you're already already building. This is the pull request right harsh. This is 1501 and here's the HPI file that generates so we've actually already got the HPI file ourselves so you don't need to share it with us we've got it available and can put it into our own our own use I can put it into my, my development environment very easily. What are you using for the GitLab server are you are using the official Docker image or some other way to install GitLab. I use the Docker image also and also use the GitLab.com for some minor testing, like mostly the Docker image that's slow little thing that Sorry, what was the second thing you mentioned. That's not the Docker image. Like what I what I used to do GitLab.com like the server that that they are using. I also use that for version for testing and GitLab, the server for version three testing like my Docker instance. Okay, great. I'll try to review this today or Monday but I think this looks, this looks very promising so. Yeah, and I'll, I'll, I'll try to do some interactive testing with it as well and look at it. Buzzle's reviews are much more powerful but I'm happy to be a user and happy to do good, good checks to see one more person exploring it is a good thing. Yeah. All right. Now, did you want any discussion on 1491. Or is this one. No, this one's draft you said. Yeah. Great. Yeah, so draft pull requests. They've really been doing what we wanted, which is give you a place to quickly share with us without worrying too much about what it is. Very good. Okay. Good. Any other items you want to discuss on those pull requests harsh. 1497 is the is the fix for the Docker integration tests. Yeah, I was on the test. So I think I remember these because I think I tried to run them when I inherited this plug in two years ago and I don't think they ever worked or at least as far as I can tell the last time that they did work was more than three years ago. So that would be that would be really nice to get to get that working again. Like it's really give us a lot more confidence for us. I'm sorry. Like, it was a stretch goal for the project but I just forgot about it and I started working in working on it. And then in the between I just realized, like, after five or five or six tests were less that this is not what I want to do because I was constantly facing the client client configuration so I had to add the get lab rule for getting the actual get lab client from the Docker instance that I was using. So, I was into some mess and I just, it just pried me that what I was doing. Okay, so this is so this is not ready for review or would you like some comments on this one as well. No, I think it's ready like you okay. We look at the changes, can we look at the changes to the file that are in that draft. You bet. So this is. Yeah, so it's updating the Docker Maven plugin, which is just good, or actually, it looks like it's actually down. Yeah, it looks like it's actually downgrading it. And then, what about the compose file. It's downgrading in the draft PR it's not in the natural PR yet and that they actually are on the normal version. Right, so yeah it looks yeah and and it looks like we've got some changes to the compose file. Yeah I mean this is like this was for the like spot bus changes that Chris did. Yeah so. And did you get any of the, did you get any of the integration tests to pass when they were previously failing with this new configuration. We're not that many. Yeah Chris tried them and he told me that they were passing like I was getting some like job migrated issues that's why it was not passing on my machine but just said that it is passing on his machine. So I am counting on him, like but for me, I think some of them were failing like not more than four or five I guess. I think there's only four or five to begin with. And I think the last time I looked at this they were all failing. I will not feel that for sure. I'm talking about the, the docker based tests not the, the regular, the regular ones are fine in the main branch. It's only the docker ones that are not working. And I don't mean to doubt that you six that you ran them successfully but you should be doubting me. I was having pain in that. I would be very shocked if they passed without changes to the tests themselves, which it doesn't seem like you've done here but I could be wrong. Like, in the other changes that you made to the docker based Java tests themselves. The integration test you're talking about so mark you can open the test utility like he's talking about those things and the publisher classes. Well it's not the, it's not, it's not the test utilities it's the, it's the tests themselves. Yeah, I forget where they are but I mean, I'll find them integration test to be down. Yeah, I forget what they're called but it's like, oh, get lab it or something. Yeah, I get lab it that that's cool. Of course it's hard to search for that because get lab itself contains the string it. Yeah, it's there integration get lab it. I should see it on screen but I don't is that what there it is get lab it. Okay, the do we have to so do we have to change this class, other than to adapt it to the new API. No I just adapted it. Yeah, I would be pretty surprised if this test was passing without more deep changes than this, at least less than my, less than my try to run it it looks like it needed a lot of work. So have you run this particular one locally in a past, or you're not sure. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, so this this is, I think this is the one that need to work for a member, and I started, I started climbing this mountain one time, and I still have my, I still have my branch. And the first thing that I, the first thing that I tried to do was, if you, the integration test was using get lab version eight. So I was trying to, what, before I even started before I even started debugging it. I was trying to, to use a more recent version of get lab, and I had, I had made some changes to the palm file to update the Docker image to use to use a more recent version I was getting I remember getting a little farther with a more recent version but still having things to debug in that integration test. So, you know if I were, if I were to, if you weren't going to spend more time on this then I would start by trying to use a more recent version of get lab before stinking a lot of time to debugging the really old version. It's debugging the older versions, harder and more time consuming and ultimately unnecessary, because no one uses it so right when you know when I was looking at this I thought, I thought it would be more productive to start by upgrading the Docker image and then figure out how to get this test to pass. I succeeded in doing neither of those two things in the four hours that I spent doing this. So, I think it would probably take a lot more than four hours to do that. Like, I take my words back the tests are not working. Yeah, there should be some problem. Yeah, so anyway, that's, that's the way that I would suggest doing it. At least they're adapted. Yeah, getting them to compile is a positive thing. Absolutely. So, but yeah, they've been disabled at the running them has been disabled, as long as I can remember, just many years now. So, that's pretty much the definition of technical debt right there. Yes. Okay, so, so this one is likely not not ready the 1491 not ready unlikely to be passing needs more work, not now, right. Don't do that work now. It's no harm that you started at harsh, but we're perfectly fine not doing that work. Do I understand that correctly. Yeah, I think I should be partition side than the testing site like it. The project goal is to make the work of the big the plugin work interactively, not to add the Docker base functional test, it's a stretch goal right. Very good. Okay, good. All right. Anything else on pending or of the pull requests or other discussion topics around pending pull requests from my side I think that's what I did in this week like I was pretty slow but yeah, the good love and strength that I use is very, very true. Any other discussion we need to have on this one on review and results from their view or are you feeling comfortable harsh are there things that we need to do better for you what any any insights or things you want to share there. I think so I'm having any problem like I'm waiting for the review so that I can improve upon them. Like, it should be having some problem right. So, yeah, no problem for me. Okay and puzzle any counselor advice you want to give on on that topic. No, this is good. I got everything that I needed out of this conversation I think I'm ready to look more deeply at the code. Excellent. Thank you. So the next topic then for me was just a safety check of our checklist, and as oh good and this gives the states right so midterm evaluations begin submitting July 10. How does that collide with your calendar now harsh it is. Oh it's right in the middle of it okay so you'll need to be able you'll need to have that midterm evaluation ready well before that. So that you can submit it during your exam period but not spend a lot of time on it. Okay, good. All right now where did I put that page okay then July 14 that's when the evaluations are due, and we don't have a date yet or at least I haven't seen a date for the presentations okay. So those we've talked about at least those dates and the risk they are to be sure we're ready for them. Good. All right. That's all that I had on mentor checklist review. Next question was is this meeting time still okay for everybody harsh this isn't too late for you. Are you still okay with this time of day. Yeah. And Basel does this time still work okay for you. Great. All right. That's all the topics I had any other topics we need to discuss in our session today. Sorry say that again harsh. Oh, good. Okay, great. Then we are set. I'll stop the recording recording will be available in a


is your anxiety causing depression? What is up everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul where we talk about the problem but focus on the solution and welcome back to another video where this week we are diving deep into the topic of depression. So do me a favor. We're going to be talking about how anxiety causes depression. So I really, really, really would like you to share this video because I've had a lot of people. It's really weird because I thought this was like well known but I had a lot of people like say hey anxiety and depression are two separate things but no, no, no, no, no, no, no. So please share this video and let's help educate some people out there but it might also help somebody understand why they're going through depression because of their anxiety. Alright, let's get started. Alright so the first thing I want to teach you about is something called co-morbidity. Alright, this is when two, yes, two mental illnesses are present at the same time and this is what we have to talk about when we're talking about how anxiety actually causes depression. So there are some studies out there which I'll show right here that talk about how many different forms of anxiety disorders actually cause depression and what the percentages of people with these anxiety disorders have depression. Alright, so generalized anxiety disorder up to 30% of those people have depression, people with PTSD up to 10%, a specific phobia so being afraid of a certain thing, up to 20% of those people have depression, social phobia so like a social anxiety, up to 30% of those people have depression, OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder, up to 10% have depression and then with panic disorder up to 65% of those people have depression. So think about that for a second, it makes sense, it makes perfect sense why people with these types of anxiety disorders struggle with depression. For example, I am somebody who is diagnosed with a generalized anxiety disorder and I get bouts of depression. Like with my generalized anxiety disorder and not knowing when it's going to come, not having like specific triggers and my brain just starts freaking out, like that can cause a lot of issues in my life. I get withdrawn, I don't want to hang out with people, I don't want to talk to people, like my brain is going a million miles a minute, I'm very agitated. So I start to isolate and I start to be alone by myself. And with these other disorders like thinking about OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder, like I need to make some videos on that, but this is a very serious form of anxiety.  I was reading in this book like this one guy, he couldn't go past his house without checking the mailbox like 15 times before going inside. And then sometimes even after you would get inside, you would be worried that he didn't check it. You know what I mean? Like OCD is very, very difficult to deal with. Now when we talk about phobias and social disorders, so think about it. If you have a social anxiety disorder and can't go out and connect with people, lack of connection with other human beings is one of the biggest reasons for depression. So when you're isolating because you're afraid to go out in public, like that's huge or specific phobias. So depending on what the phobia is, but let's talk about agoraphobia, a fear of going outside, right?  This leads to depression. And I hope that makes sense. Like there's so many people struggling with anxiety, which then leads to depression, which causes comorbidity. All right. Now the other thing I want to talk about real quick is something I mentioned in another video. So I'm going to touch on it briefly here is how depression actually causes anxiety. So the short version of this is based on evolutionary psychology, based on the way that our ancestors evolved. Anxiety is meant to keep you safe, fight, fight, freeze, right? So the reason why anxiety comes when you're depressed is because it's the body's way of telling you that you need to go do something. So back in the prehistoric days with our ancestors, if you got separated from the tribe, your body would start freaking out and it would tell you like, Hey, you need to go back and be around people. And that's why isolating leads to depression, which then leads to a lot of symptoms of anxiety. All right. So if you took nothing else away from this video, quit isolating, be around people. Okay, friends, family members, a little hack that I like to use is just go read a book at your favorite coffee shop.  Now, if you have social anxiety, I've done some videos on that, go check them out, but there are ways to overcome this thing, but please don't isolate. All right. And if you can relate to anything I talked about in this video, be sure to leave a comment down below. Let's get a conversation going about how your anxiety causes depression. Okay. But again, do me a favor and please share this video to spread some awareness and help people better understand how anxiety causes depression. All right. But anyways, if you liked this video, please give it a thumbs up.  And a big thank you to all of the patrons right here. These are the people who are helping to support the channel and help by mission of spreading a message of hope. And if you would like to support the channel for as little as one dollar, click or top right there. All right. Thanks so much for watching. Work on your anxiety and depression. And I will see you next time.


my brain sometimes I don't know all of a sudden this song came into my head out of nowhere it's a song that has never existed before and the lyrics were this I'm not gonna find this funny I believe you I found poop in grandma's rocking chair oh my that's a good reaction you need some Corbin we're already off the rails today we're acting to a Bengali song Arjit Singh Yash and Mami uh but this is from the company SVF who we've seen multiple of their songs but they've actually been kind and gracious and been unblocking them for us so yeah I want to give them a shout out thank you because that's incredibly nice of you uh so obviously go subscribe to them they're I think they're the biggest Bengali they're like the t-series of Bengali right right I believe um so thank you guys but uh that's all I know I don't have any notes other than that what do you do I'm just looking at you're gonna say something in Bengali yeah I was gonna find something here hurry up uh there we go I will see I got two right here depending upon what we go ahead what no no no oh after after yeah depending on how good it is yeah here we go grandma's rocking chair that funny huh it's still killing me here we go that was a great voice so who's been selling a lot of more stuff lately adding that oh yes I'm adding that I have a Bengali playlist oh really yeah add to a playlist there they are Bengali songs does uh doesn't Johnny like Arjit yeah yeah I mean it's hard not to how do you not like Arjit yeah he's uh he he he every single time we listen to him um pause it yeah sorry um he always reminds me of Ed Sheeran in terms of the style the style and the connectivity to it it's feel good love songs that just they're so easy to listen to and he just has a great voice yeah uh and so that's what he always reminds me of and I love listening to all of his stuff yeah I I will uh it's hard because some of these songs are hard to listen to for personal reasons that I can't I just sometimes can't go there I don't want to listen to that yeah because she's so far away but uh when I'm in the right headspace that I can enjoy it it's uh I man that I'm super super catchy the visuals obviously are connected to the larger broader story so that's fine yeah so she's a bubbly girl yeah who breaks down the barriers of a big strong man yeah yeah smokes who uh I'm not promoting smoking but I love the taste of cigarettes do you really cool I love them really yeah I love the taste I use as well I don't often um but and you shouldn't and I'm not promoting them I'm just every I love some people I hate this I don't like the smell of smoke inside like circulated it's awful the smell of cigarette smoke doesn't bother me but outside oh makes me want to smoke like an entire pack really oh I love it I don't and I haven't for probably almost 10 years I tried I actually tried to pick up smoking for a roll yeah and then most I ever got was like four cigarettes a day and I freaking hated it oh no I absolutely hated it I still do I was never I was never addicted but I could literally go through a pack just because I liked it so much wow I've been able to know when I would actually quit I just quit I like it there was nothing it wasn't hard to quit it wasn't anything I got so I like addicted I just love the taste and the feel of it what kind of what kind of cigarettes marbolo 27th okay yeah no I had all different kinds of them I never I never liked the taste and I tested the way it felt in my chest once again I'm not promoting it you shouldn't do it it causes cancer to you and everybody around you there's nothing you there's not a single positive for your health or your economics or anybody else around you yeah it's it's bad for everyone it's a bad environment it's everything about it I'm just telling you I like the taste of it and that's a reminder yeah yeah but anyways let us know what other Bengali songs we should react to and arget say please I would love to talk to Arjun Singh one day I know he doesn't do very many interviews but one day I would love for that to be an option for us too let us know what other songs we should write to down below you


I don't own a car because I don't want to be a part of the problem, there's too many cars in the city of Los Angeles. Ever since I stepped on a bike, it kind of like changed my perception of ever needing a car. You really get to see how stretched out the world is when you do 100 miles in like five hours. At the moment, everything that I need to do is located in a 20 mile radius and for me that's you know a casual ride, that's probably an hour ride. When people are like stuck in a freeway for an hour and 30.  I'm like, you know, in the zone, sometimes it's primal.  You know, all I felt was love, I've been very sad on a bike, you know, when my brother passed away. I was, you know, there were tears, but I rode on, you know, I healed. I ride my bike about 400 miles a week. About 300 of it is actual training and 100 of it is just leisure, you know, riding around to get like a cup of coffee every morning. Aside from the physical, you know, the mental is very important. I try to always think positive. I try to meditate on, you know, winning the race and everybody being safe while trying to win the race. Competition is extremely important. You need it, it's what fuels me, it fuels everyone. My family thinks that I'm crazy.  But, you know, they don't understand in my mind that this is the evolution of cycling as we know it. You know, it used to be party rides. Now it's racing rides. I'm not going to call it just like, you know, event after event. The scene has changed. Most of my friends are racers now and racer bike. And that's just because I've morphed my life into this racing and I want to hang out with people that are driven. Travel is where it's at. That's my next step. I want to go to the highest mountains in Europe or ride by the most beautiful beaches. I want to be elsewhere on my bike. I want to see the world with my bike underneath me.


Okay, so I just finished reading SoulScape. It was written by and requested by K.R. Stevenson. This will be my last Patreon review for the foreseeable future. And this is a fantasy novel which... Did I enjoy it? Not all that much, to be honest. But I see a lot of potential for future growth and future improvement here. This is the introduction song. It's not very good, but it's not too long. The story for this one starts off pretty simple and... If I'm being honest, it's pretty simple and easy to follow throughout. There's this girl named Blaze, at least I believe it's pronounced blaze. It might be like blazy or blaze, blaza, something like that. Anyways, a girl named Blaze who was part of a clan who, due to a war, was forced out of their home a while ago and they've just been... I don't know, wanderers, let's call them. I couldn't really think of a better word. I wanted to call them nomads, but that's not really the right term here. Anyways, they've been wandering around for a while. They're having a lot of troubles with, like, money and being attacked by bandits and things like that. And then there's another attack and Blaze dies. But she, after dying, pops up on this island called Grimmatoll. And Grimmatoll is a magical island full of fairies and other magical creatures and stuff, except it's also shrinking and it's moving, like, further and further north. So all the coral on the island and some of the plant life and stuff is just starting to die because of the cold. And we don't know exactly why this is happening, but keep reading and you'll find out. From there, things progress, maybe not the exact way you'd expect, but, you know, Blaze learns about the island, she meets some of its denizens, there's a romance which I didn't like very much, I'll get to that in a minute or two.  It's not doing anything, like, phenomenally new, and if I'm being honest, it doesn't do anything phenomenally well, but most of the ideas and concepts here are pretty solid. And in fact, as it goes on, there's a lot of, like, little moments where I was thinking, yeah, like, this was pretty good, I wish it had been a little bigger or I wish it had been, I wish more stuff had been like that I suppose would be another way of putting it. And I did kinda like Blaze as a character. See, she's something that's been done a lot that we've all seen.  So in the past, we hear about how she came up with, like, battle tactics and strategies that would have helped them during the war, but nobody listened to her, and so that's why they lost. And over the course of the story, we also see some of her other talents and how smart she is, and that's good and all. I just, it never really felt like it went below surface level. You know what I mean? Like, this is a really solid foundation for a character, and it's not like Blaze was ever annoying or anything. She wasn't. She was likable enough. But I just never really felt like I knew what made her tick and what made her into a person that I would want to follow and what made her hurt. And the only other major character that I really want to talk about is a guy named Keleth, who is just a dragon person who lives on this island and greets Blaze when she gets there and the two of them fall in love and stuff. And he falls into kind of the same boat.  I don't want to get too deep into that because of spoilers, but like, you know, he's, excuse me, he's really devoted to doing his duty on this island and then this girl comes along and he falls in love with her, and he is still devoted to doing his duty on the island.  I didn't hate him at any point. He was never annoying. I was fine watching him go around do stuff. It just, again, never goes below surface level. You know, this is a very old guy. He's probably seen a lot in his life, and it's brought up a little bit, but I just wish they had gone more into detail on that. And as for the romance between Keleth and Blaze, it's bad, okay? It's one of those things where, like, they just sort of meet each other and then they talk for a little bit and then they start thinking that the other one is hot. They each start thinking that the other one is hot and then they're in love. And it's not really that difficult. They don't have to get to know each other that much. And as I said, there's not all that much to either of them to begin with. So it was really annoying. And I hated, hate, hate, hated the fact that this is one of those books that feels the need to go into graphic detail on the sex scenes. Like, look, pretty much any media I've ever seen that isn't, like, explicitly porn, like whether we're talking movies, books, video games, anything like that. If it ever feels the need to go into explicit detail on the sex scenes, it didn't need to. You know, it can just do a tasteful cutaway because it's always kind of cringey when that happens. Like, I have yet to see a single instance where it's not like that.  And it's just, why? What was the point of that? Like, I've never seen or read something where there was a tasteful cutaway, and then afterwards thought, oh, well, I guess that was fine, but I really wish it had taken time to describe the bumps on his penis. Like, no, never in my life have I wanted that. And I guess for some people, they might feel differently, but honestly, like, just... it's really bad for the rest of us. And at that point, why wouldn't you just want to read porn, anyways? And then there's a lot of characters who just kind of pass in and out of my mind. Like, I barely even remember any of their names. The villain, the evil sorceress, I don't remember her name at all. She is one of the most evil, generic villains I've ever seen, but at the very least, the book does go to lengths to actually make her feel like she's powerful and threatening, not just like, magically, but she has her armies and all that, and they're going to come into the island and kill everybody, and the heroes really have to work and make intelligent defenses and use some clever tactics to try and fight her off. So I liked that, at least. And the last, like, really major, major criticism I have of this book is that the first half, it's hard to get through the first half of this, man. So the first, like, maybe 10 to 15% is fine because that's when we're just being introduced to Blaze and Keleth, and then they get... and then Blaze goes to the island and gets used to her new circumstances, and, you know, that's fine. But then, like, nothing happens for a very long time. Like, and you'd think nothing happening for a long time would be like, oh, the character's getting to know each other or exposition about the nature of the world and how it works, and not really. Like, there's bits of that, sure. Like, there's little bits of exposition about how the magic works, and we hear a little bit about the world, but the world in this was never great because we hear a little bit about it because we... but we never really see it, so it didn't really feel like a real place, if that makes sense.  And then we get about halfway through and things do pick up a little from there. And at the very least, I won't say that the second half is, like, boring. You know, again, not the most amazing story of all time, but there's things happening. The characters are in danger. They have to work for stuff. It's a lot better. And that's pretty much all I have to say on SoulScape. Like I said, the foundation for a lot of this is good. Like, the foundation of the characters is good. The foundation of the storyline is good. The foundation of the world, there's not a lot there, but we do get little hints of what's going on outside and at the very least, Grimm Atoll is fairly well-defined as a place, and so that's good. And just seeing the rest of this world, I would be somewhat interested in that. It just really needs to go deeper and, well, the fact that it wasted a lot of time in the first half means that it had time to go deeper. You could have done that. And like I said, I see a lot of potential for K.R. Stevenson to get better, but again, that's potential. Just work at it a little and she'll probably get there. So do I recommend SoulScape? If you're really craving fantasy that isn't too long and isn't too dark or anything like that and you can, again, see past the sex scenes and some of the more boring parts, so basically if you're looking for fantasy that has a little bit more of a focus on romance, you might be into this, but for other people, I don't know if this would really be your cup of tea, but who knows, it's supposed to be part of a series so maybe the others will be great and I'll be telling you in a couple of years that I gotta get past the first one, which isn't great and then the rest are a lot better. Special thanks to all the names you see here. These are all my patrons and especially thanks to my $10.00 and up patrons, Oppo Savalainen, Olivia Rand, Brother Santotys, Karolina Clay, Christopher Quinten, Echo, Great Griebo, Joel, Carcat Kitsune, K.R. Stevenson, Liza Rudikova, Lord Tiebreaker, Madison Lewis Bennett, Microphone, Moritz Fuchs, Sad Martigan, Samuel Nevin, Tobacco Crow, Tom Beanie, and Vaivictus, as well as, you know, everyone who's watched this far. If you want to get your name on here or get access to stuff like early access to my videos and voting on what topic I'll cover next, then consider becoming a patron. If you don't want to do that, then you could also just subscribe and like this video and share it around or become a YouTube channel member. Really, there's a lot of things you could be doing to make my life better and that's really what this is all about. It's all about what you can do for me, so get on that. Bye.


Hi, this is your host, Subil Bhartiya, and welcome to TFR. Let's talk. Today we have with us Yoav Raghav, co-founder and CEO of Centra. Yoav, great to have you on the show. Thank you for having me. Great to be here today. It's my pleasure to host you here today and as you were talking before the recording started that you started the company Israel then you moved to York City. The company was founded in 2021. So I want to just understand the history and history of Centra because security is a crowded space. Security in many ways is seen as a solve problem. It also becomes a sticky. Once we go with the vendor, you stick with that vendor. So I want to understand that what was the pain point that you saw in 2021 that you felt like, hey, you know what, we have to still address that, which led to the creation of this company that you co-founded. Centra is all about an able organization to move faster. We always ourselves how we can help organization to move faster. And when we founded Centra about two years ago, we understood that something is broken when you connect data, cloud, and security. And of course at the end, organization want to grow the business to do more and that's come with data because this day it's all about the data. And the organization, you know, the board and the CEO push them to do more, to do it better, faster, and they need the data to leverage that. So they create more data, they share more data. Of course, they move more data for that business. And with the cloud technology, it's that lets them do it much easier and faster. That's a great place to be. However, security left behind. And what we understood that we live in a data centric world, but we don't have a data centric solution. And we are here to shift the paradigm and to focus on the data so we can help organization to do both to be fast and secure. And this is exactly the place we put out the problem we have and we solve Centra. And as you said that when you look at cloud, you know, we talk about data, cloud seems to be a magical place. That's also the problem is scale or security. So what are the security related issues that you are seeing when organizations, you know, embrace cloud, especially and you're actually right, we live in data centric data driven world. Actually, data is everything. Everything else is like things on top of it, you know, applications can come and go. We can know it, but data is the, I mean, we can use the word real oil, actually, it's much more than that. So I want to understand, you know, what exact challenge that you see there, beta and cloud. As you just say, like we know these days everything about our life, we have a GPS for our pads and we have like, we know about even the delivery we just did. But we know nothing about the data itself. And in the cloud, it's even much more complex. Because again, the cloud led organization to move fast to use the data to leverage that and the best organization to that and grow the business. But they don't have the capability to start with the basic. And this is all about where is my data? Who has access to my data? How can it be compliance? You know, we can talk hours about regulation these days and privacy. And this is specifically the problem that they understand they have and they have to solve. And this is exactly what central do. And how we do it, by the way, and because of the cloud technology, we can do it at scale. So it doesn't matter if it's a big organization or small organization, all of them have so much data. And what we do in a nutshell, we discover every piece of data you have in your cloud at scale, we classify it very accurate. So for the first time, really know what you have inside, sensitive, critical. And on top of that, we add a security context. So again, for the first time, you have a fully automated catalog about every piece of data you have, full visibility to everything. So again, as I said before, you can be fast and secure. Because when you know something, you can protect, you can protect what you don't know about. So after we have that catalog, the next step is to find the risk, to find any policy violation. It doesn't matter if it's privacy, if it's compliance, or if, of course, security, and to help organization to take an action and to remediate it before it becomes an incident. And this is all about central. When we look at security, especially in the context of data, it's not simple. Security is not just about firewall, it's not just about protecting your environment. You mentioned access control can be there, authorization can be there, the whole zero trust security posture policies can be there, protecting yourself from ransomware. I mean, it's a can of worms that we don't even want to open it. In cloud, the scale when we operate, people operate, we don't just talk about one cloud, we talk about multi-cloud. We also talk about hybrid cloud. We still have data centers and they will be staying around for a while. When we talk about data, we also talk about extracting value from the data we put on data lakes, data warehouses. So things becomes very complicated. So when we look at central, is there any specific area that you look at securing or you look at it holistically? Great, great, great question. And you know, I like to use the terms that someone told me about two years ago, data has its own life. And exactly as you mentioned, data moves and, you know, everywhere. And exactly as I said, the holistic solution. So it doesn't matter where data sits and where it's go. And we take care about every piece of data you have, and it doesn't matter where. So for the first time, we connect all the dots together to one place.  So it doesn't matter if it moves from one cloud to another. If it moves from the created in the data lakes and move after that to kind of a backup in some different or other place, we connect all the dots together to kind of a one graph. You can think about it as like a one graph of all of your data because our vision is to find any piece of data doesn't matter where and to tell you everything about the data. So you can really understand what's going on and take the action to make sure you are in the right position again to move fast because it's all about to be an abler and not a blocker. Of course, the company was created in 2021. If you look at this whole cloud, or actually, we are lucky to be living in this kind of era, a lot of innovation are happening. I mean, we look at Kubernetes, it looks like it was just tomorrow and I was talking to the folks and I was like, hey, it's almost 10 years next 10 years, then CNCF and Kubernetes came to exist 2014. So a lot of time, like not enough time. So the point is that a lot of things happen in just like one or two years. Since the company is really doing so I cannot talk about the whole evolution of cloud or data over time. But what I do want to understand is that since 2021, what kind of either new use cases or new technologies that have emerged. So either you look at them as, hey, we have to protect this new use case or suddenly a new technology is cropped up. I mean, generative AI is a good example, LLMs is a good example, where you're like, you know what, these new technologies now we can actually leverage them. So can you like talk about the kind of new things from these two different lenses? Yeah, first of all, always there are chains and you can see more and more technology everywhere. Of course, you talked about the generative AI or AI in general. And this is the some things that we're dealing these days. But what I really like is data is unlimited. Data is something that is grow very fast as the data itself, but also a lot of tools, technology capabilities that help organization to do more from the business side. So first of all, we see the immigration to the cloud, something that we can see more and more. And specifically traditional large enterprises that in the past, they lived only on prem. We see more and more move to the cloud. Secondly, we see more and more, as I said before, multi-cloud. At the beginning, it was one cloud. Now we see it everywhere. On top of that, we see more and more services on top of the data that give organization much more capabilities. However, it's much more complex. And the last service you mentioned is about the AI because organization tried to leverage every piece of capabilities they can again to bring something to their customers. So this is what we see from the technological point of view. By the way, the other side is the regulations and privacy. This is a trend we started to see in the last few years. GDPR I think was one of the first during 2018, if I remember well. But since then, we see it more and more everywhere in the world, specifically here in the US. And this is something that organization need to handle and to take care from one hand the technology and to move fast from the other hand, the compliance and regulation, the privacy they need to give the clients. So by the way, CENTRA is exactly in the middle point that solve both of them together because we let organization to create move and use those technological capabilities, specifically AI, with the way to keep it private and to be compliance and with a lot of security as part of the process. And specifically, we see more and more. And that's a great point about the AI because organization, you know, like the CEOs and the board push them to use it more and to use that technology like as a daily basis. However, organization, it's very hard for the organization to do it. They don't know a lot about that. They don't know about the risks. It's very hard for them to control the data that they push in to those models. I heard some kind of a term from one of the partners, I was part of it, is garbage in, garbage out. You want to reduce and prevent from those situations. And with that use case, CENTRA helped a lot to the customers again to control the data and to make sure that only the right data is moving on. You mentioned GDPR recently, you know, especially in the European Union, they started talking about CRS Cyber Resiliency Act, you know, there. And Europe is a place, I mean, I used to live there, where they do care a lot about protecting people's privacy, their data. So it doesn't fall in the wrong hands. They want their sovereignty. How do you look at some of these laws? And as you already touched upon that, but if you can, from technical perspective, where sometimes when companies operate across different geographical regions, it does become challenging for them to ensure right data is staying at the right place, you know, Asia, India, China, Japan, of course, Europe, and then you move to North America.  I mean, as I said, you did touch upon that, but I just want to have a just a specific discussion on that, but it's data classification to kind of ensure that data sovereignty. So this is exactly part of the basic questions and the basic capability we have, and it's getting more and more important these days. So what we do, our core capabilities, I think, and today, there is a lack of capability, those capabilities in the organization is to find, first of all, any piece of data. So you have 100% coverage. And we put a lot of efforts at scale to bring that combined with a very accurate classification that you can understand the data itself. And when we talk about GDPR or CCPA or some other acts, it's about the PII, the PHI and the PCI and everything.  Then we have kind of very easy way to tell you that someone touch data from a different place or someone move data to a wrong place. And this is part of the solution. And again, because of the cloud technology and because the core capabilities I talked before, we can do it like out of the box. You just need to check which compliance, it doesn't matter if you are in India, you are in the US or in Europe. And then out of the box, you get a full solutions that give you any problem or any violation you have with that. Again, it's about the location and the access mostly. When you look at Genetic AI LLMs, of course, we have been talking a lot about them this year. Talk about their actual maturity in not just, you know, chat GPT kind of use cases, but actual use cases where you are talking about something that people trust in production, how you are leveraging LLMs. And then we can offer that we can talk about if you can also share some use cases where companies are already benefiting from centros, you know, integration of LLM technologies. Two different branches for LLM or Generative AI and so on. One of them is that help us to do better. And the other one is we help organization to deal with that problem. So for the first one, we use LLM as part of our technology, our infrastructure, and it's part of the accurate classification we have. So LLM led us to do it at scale, much faster and most important, much more accurate. So we can bring more and more capabilities to that area. So as an example, something that was a little bit harder or much harder before we use LLM is about document level classification. This is something that with LLM we can do much better and give the customers the opportunity not only to understand what they have in their unstructured data, as an example entities and so on, they can understand what is a document talk about. So for now on, you have a full list about base leaps, legal documents, and so on out of the box. This is something that we leverage LLM as part of the solution. And the clients and the customers get better results, very accurate. On the other hand, the second branch is about how we help them to make sure that their LLMs, their models, the way they use AI is safety. So and this is something that we didn't talk at the beginning like two years ago, but these days very popular and most every customer asks us about it is how can they do again use that technology that it's very immature, also very new for them, but they want to use it in a very safety and protected way. And what we do, we can ensure that they have a full control about any piece of data they use for those models, because part of the problem is that when you put your data inside, you can lose control and you can find it in a very different places without to be again secure and compliance. So we help them and make sure and this is a very specific use case that data or sensitive data or critical data don't get in to those models as an example. So they have a secure environment for AI. This is a very specific and very new and we like that use case a lot. When you talk about LLMs and Genitive AI to your customers, do you hear some apprehensions for them? Because most of the companies that I talk to which are leveraging some of these technologies, they'd say that yes, the technology is maturing, but we cannot fully blindly trust it. We still need human intervention, of course, depending on case by case basis. What are your thoughts and what are the thoughts or feedbacks of your customers? I totally agree that it's not mature enough as a process wise to put it in a production and to move forward. However, organization needs to do it because this is part of life with new technology. So they try to put it in their basic data flows. They try to use it more and more. And of course, when they put it there, they don't want to work too much and without time consuming. So they want to do it in a very automatic way. With that perspective, they lost control many times. And they have kind of a fight or debate internally how to do it. And this is the place they need some guards, some help to make sure they don't do mistakes. And one of the biggest mistakes is about the data. And that's at the place where we help them and let them the capability and the trust they can move with that even though it's not mature enough sometimes or even though they don't know exactly how to manage everything. One more thing that I want to talk to you about which is kind of important when we talk about data cloud security is that yes, these technologies are there. But technology is the easy part. People is the challenging part especially in terms of security. I don't want to go into the whole social engineering how employees can be tricked into compromising their systems. I am not talking about misconfiguring all that. I'm talking about organizations embracing a culture where it's not limited to just shift left or DevSecOps. It is seen as a cultural thing within organizations when developer is writing their first line of code. Of course, the lines are blurring and operator is pushing those things and they are working on the new versions. So this whole culture of looking at security from different perspective, how important do you think culture is which actually helps getting most of these tools and how much you see that cultural shift is actually happening. So always vulnerability is about people. We can talk about vulnerabilities for applications and infrastructure but vulnerability is about people. People create the vulnerability and also people have the vulnerability. So I totally agree that culture it's always should be there and we talk and we need to teach the people more and more. However it's kind of a conflict. If you want to move faster, if you want to push harder, so you do mistakes and this is part of the culture. What I believe is that technology can help an organization should leverage is to take the technology and specific data security or security in general is to help them to move faster and to understand the mistakes and to let the people hopefully to solve the mistakes by themselves and with that to learn more and more. And this is the reason that we combined two different approaches. One of them is the preposition. You should try to do everything to make sure that all of the data or infrastructure, it doesn't matter, should be in the right position always in a very, very efficient way and almost automatic way. On the other hand, you need to be proactive and to find processes or vulnerabilities on demand in real time and to make sure you catch them and help them very fast. And when you combine those together with the culture that it's getting better and better and people as part of the process, then I think you can be in the right position between the move fast and push it to be safe and secure. And this is the reason, by the way, I always say fast and secure. You don't want and you can't be in one of the sites. You need to combine and to take the balance all the time and you need to take the culture and the technology and all together to be in the right position. If we look at Centra, there are a lot of folks who have been around for decades, you know, traditional security players who are moving into the cloud space. And then there are a lot of, you know, companies who evolve and emerge like Centra in the cloud net time. Where do you see yourself positions when you look at some of these and convince what value are you bringing to the customers? Why should they choose you? So, when we talk about the cloud, there are four layers that I believe you should solve to be in the right place. Infrastructure, identities, application and data. And Centra put, we put ourselves in the data layer and we put ourselves as a leader in that area because of two things, the approach and the technology. And when you combine together, we are the best solution in the market that can give you the capability to control the data, to connect all the dots, all the dots together to a one place that you can really manage it, understand it, and move fast as you can for your business. Yoav, thank you so much for taking time out today and not only talk about Centra, but also the whole evolution of data, cloud, security. Thanks for all those great insights and I would love to chat with you folks again. Thank you. Thank you very much for hosting me and it was great and hopefully to meet you soon.