I've never worked with another nation that doesn't speak English so that's been one of the biggest things is learning how these guys operate, learning how to operate in a tactical environment where there is a language barrier has been very interesting. My name is Specialist Dylan Ferraro and I'm with Gunslinger Troop. We're about to do live fire as part of Raider Lightning. We're doing a lot of great training, we're doing a lot of high-speed training. It's just surprising how powerful the gun is and I think you can't really like prepare yourself for that. I'm Lance Corporal Thomas Wharton and I'm attached to first-quinched gun guards. Today we're doing our direct fire training for Operation Raider Lightning. I'm Lieutenant Lane and I am with King Battery of Second Squadron 278 They're a test for us Raider.


This paper investigates the enhancement of evacuated tube solar collector, ETSC, performance through two methods, adding a self-tracking finned electronic curtain in front of the collector and replacing pure water with a nano-fluid. The results show that using TO2, 50 nm, plus PW, as a working fluid without the curtain improved efficiency by 3.906%, 5.34%, and 7.407%, while distilled water only increased efficiency by 2.34% and 3.81%. Adding the finned electronic curtain and using TO2, 50 nm, plus PW, as a working fluid further improved efficiency by 7.03%, 9.16%, and 11.89%. Overall, the study demonstrates that the use of a nano-fluid and finned electronic curtain can significantly improve ETSC performance. This article was authored by Hussam Rashid, Khalid Sultan, and Hos Hamanid. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


My name is Lisha Harstead and I'm the Stetsman County Extension Agent for Ag and Natural Resources. Today I want to talk to you about how to calibrate a hand sprayer. It's really important to calibrate your hand sprayer before making any pesticide application because it's really hard to know how much product to add your hand sprayer if you don't know what the gallons per acre output of that hand sprayer is. So that's what we're going to do today is figure out what is the gallons per acre output of this hand sprayer when I'm the one that's spraying and according to my walking speed. So one thing that's very important when you're doing any calibration or mixing and loading with pesticides is to make sure that you have your proper PPE, which the minimum proper PPE or personal protective gear for any pesticide is gloves, long sleeves, long pants, shoes and socks. Alright, so if you look behind me, you will see a square of cones that I put out and that square is set out as an 18 and a half by 18 and a half area. And the reason why we did that is that's because it's one-twenty-eighth of an acre and we can use that as a conversion. So other things that you'll need to do this is you'll need some kind of a timer and then also some kind of measuring device that can measure in ounces because once we collect the amount of water that it takes to cover this area, we'll be able to break it down to ounces per or the ounces that are collected is the gallons per acre output. Alright, so next thing you want to do is get some pressure in your hand sprayer to make sure that you have a good seal and everything like that. You also want to test your nozzle. Make sure that you have a good spray pattern for what you're trying to control. If there's any dirt or any clogging in there, you may need to replace your nozzle or clean it out. So now what I'm going to do is I'm going to walk the area and I'm going to time how long it takes me to do that. We'll do that three times so we can get an average of how long it takes me to cover that area. Alright, so that time it took me 25 seconds to get across the designated area. So write that down and we'll do it two other times. It's important when you're spraying that you have a good even pattern and that you're walking the speed that you would be if you were actually spraying. So we'll do it a second time. Alright, now that time it took me 24 seconds. Okay, get some more pressure in the sprayer. We'll do it one last time so we can get an average of time. So that time it also took us 24 seconds. Okay, so now I'm going to set the timer for 24 seconds. That's basically our average for how long it takes us to get across the area. And I'm going to spray into a measuring device for 24 seconds to see how many gallons per acre our output is. So you want to make sure that your measuring cup or whatever you're using will measure in ounces because the ounces collected here will directly convert to your gallons per acre. Alright, so we will put a little bit more pressure in the sprayer and we will spray out for 24 seconds to see how much water we collect. And it looks like we have 12 ounces that was collected. So that means our hand sprayer output is 12 gallons per acre. So now when you're trying to get your conversion for how much product adds your sprayer, you can divide the product recommended label rate. So typically that will be an ounces per acre. So say you're spraying something that wants 4 ounces per acre. You can divide that by your gallons per acre output, which here is 12. And then that would give you your product, how much product you need to add to your hand sprayer. So if you have any other questions, you can always contact NDSU Extension or your local extension office. Thank you.


When you play five games and seven nights, it's just a reality that it's hard to be engaged every night. It is. Especially when you know you're going to be a thing, you might win that thing. So when you play in a team that they don't care about this game either, fifth game is seven nights. That's when you really got to be a pro. That's when I learned those games are my favorite games. Back to back. It's the end of the second night of it, back to back. I was like, this one needs to be the best. You know what I'm saying? Because it's just like that's the hardest game to play. Absolutely.


Good morning, everyone. Good afternoon. Good evening, depending on where you are. Before we start this, let me tell you that we have interpretation today into Bahasa, Indonesian and French. So please click on the globe icon at the lower part of your Zoom window to select the language you are most comfortable with. I'm happy to be here today. My name is Romy Sato. I'm the Knowledge Network Coordinator at the Land Portal Foundation. And I'm welcoming you all to this webinar on how civil society actors can ensure inclusivity in their land governance work with communities. So this is being done today with a collaboration between Land Portal Foundation and both ends. And we are very happy to collaborate both organizations on this, on this first webinar of a series, which we are calling The Who's Land, Inclusive Pathways to Land Governance. This series of webinars aims to provide a platform for stakeholders engaged in land governance to exchange on the importance of inclusive inclusivity and meaningful participation of all relevant actors in both formal and informal land governance processes. We will be holding three additional webinars over the course of this year. Our webinar today focuses on the role of civil society organizations in ensuring that any project activity or discussion related to land issues are taking place at the community and which are taking place at the community level are implemented in an inclusive, just and participatory way. Local civil society possess a wealth of knowledge and experience on the effectiveness of specific practices as well as the strategies, tools, and considerations that contribute to successful land justice efforts. At the same time, they are faced with diverse local conditions in which a variety of different apparent and more hidden power imbalances prevail. Our colleagues from both ends will be presenting their guidebook, advancing inclusive land governance, successful strategies, and practices from the field. We will hear from Stefan Schuler about how this document came together and their experiences working with civil society organizations around the world. So this presentation will be followed by a dialogue among panelists about their experiences showcased in the guidebook. You, the audience, will have an opportunity to participate at points throughout our time together. We will seek your input early on during some poll questions, and then after the presentation and the panel, we will also spend some time taking your questions and directing them to our panelists. Before we jump into things, let me introduce you to our speakers today. So first, we have Stefan Schuler, as I mentioned before, who works with partners of both ends in the Global South to foster knowledge exchange, capacity, beauty, and climate change, land governance, and sustainable development, among other issues. Then we have a great group of experts from civil society who have a wealth of experience, taking inclusive land governance approach. These experts panelists today include Nzira Jubeus, she is a woman's rights and LGBT activist from Mozambique, and the executive director of Forum Moulier. She has been closely involved in the world march of women and has participated in several national and international events that discuss women's equality in Mozambique and in Africa. Then we also have Bridget Chinyeba Firi, she is the program's monitoring and evaluations manager at the Zandia Land Alliance, where she is responsible for overseeing the development, execution, and monitoring of projects and program deliverables. Then we also have Don Marcus, he is the executive director of the Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development, Angok, which is a regional network of NGOs working on rural development in nine Asian countries, and with an effective membership of around 3,000 NGOs in the region. Finally, let me introduce you to Devi Angraini, she is the president of Perrempuan Amman, which is the Association of Indigenous Women of the Archipelago, and is a wing of Indigenous People's Alliance of the Archipelago Amman. Devi Angraini from Taluk Community is an indigenous ethnicity in Sumatra Island. So this webinar is being streamed live on multiple platforms and recorded and the video as well as the key messages will be available later in Land Portal's website. I'm very pleased that we had today, let me see, we have already 111 participants, so thank you very much for joining us in this discussion. And a few additional logistical notes about the webinar before we begin. Please note that the live tweeting is occurring for this event from the Land Portal Twitter account and the hashtag we are using is hashtag whose land. If you have any questions, please post them using the Q&A feature that you see on your screen at the Zoom platform, but also feel free to just post them in the chat if you prefer. And with this, let me first kick off this webinar with a bit of an icebreaker. We have a couple of quick polls to get a better understanding of you, of our participants today. My colleague Nia will be launching these quick questions and the first one we would like to know your location. In which region are you based. So we're going to give a few seconds so you can take a chance to click. I hope you're all being able to click on this and we will see now the results. We can see today that we have the majority of participants actually based in Europe and Central Asia with 47% at the very bottom and that I see my screen. Next we also have a lot of participants from Asia and the Pacific and that's very good to know because we also, we are based here in Europe but we also wanted to exactly allow participants more and more from Asia. And this is why we are doing this in Europe's morning hours. And I also see 21% of participants from Africa. Thank you. Now we go to a second question. Nia, if you can please put the question here. The second one is about the sector in which you work. So which sector do you represent? If you can also click here on the option, we will also give a few seconds here. Very good. I think with this we'll get a perspective exactly. So we have here a majority, I see 51% of participants coming from civil society and NGOs. That's great. That's also what this webinar is about is precisely for civil society. We also have in the second place 60 to 60% of participants from international organizations. And then on the third rank, we also have universities, knowledge institutes. So to all of you, thank you very much again for joining us today. Let me now pass the word directly to Stefan with no further due. So who can present to you the guidebook, Stefan, over to you please. Yes, thanks. Let me quickly get on the slides. Let's hope that it works. Can you see it, Romy? Yes, we can see it. Well, thanks. Perfect. Great. Nice to nice that you're all joining us today. And like Romy said already, I want to quickly start the more content related aspects of this webinar by quickly introducing a guidebook that we've been developing together with partner organizations of ours, of which many I think are participating today. And some you're also going to hear as speakers in a minute. This guidebook is called advancing inclusive land governance, successful strategies and practices from the field. And as you can see on the screen, there's an English version available of it, but we've also translated it to Bahasa Indonesia. And both is available on our website as well as the one from the land portal. And this webinar is definitely not a sort of advertisement talk for this publication, but we nonetheless consider it important to let you know that this publication is out there because the very idea of this document is that civil society organizations around the world are able to use this and learn from the experiences and the knowledge that partners of ours have highlighted or showcased in this publication. So I'm very glad to see that more than half of the participants are actually from civil society. And I hope that you can have a look at this document later on and see whether there's some relevant information in it for you. So to quickly introduce the background of this document, we've actually been having various skill sharing workshops together with partners of ours in Asia, but also in Africa. On issues around inclusive land governance in over the last couple of years, basically before COVID. And what we realized in those skill sharing workshops was that there's a wealth of knowledge available or like existent amongst civil society actors around the world. And but that there was this need to concretize this knowledge and put it also on paper so that the concrete lessons learned prevalent in our network would actually also be available in the long term and that also it could be shared with other civil society actors that our partners are working with. And when I talk about our partners, both and supports a lot of civil society actors around the world in all kind of issues that they're facing. And in that publication, there have been more than 30 civil society partners, mainly from Africa and from Asia participating. And they're from more than 10 different countries. And yeah, like I said already before, this guy who basically comprises a collection of practices and strategies that those civil society organizations have used to basically advance inclusive land governance. The aim is to elaborate on some of the extensive experiences and expertise that those organizations hold and that they use in their struggle for land justice and thereby also to provide a source of inspiration and practical guidance for fellow organizations like you. It is intended to offer advice and guidance through really like examples from the field that can help local organizations and communities to formulate and pursue their own advocacy goals. And it is centered around nine different practices or strategies. We often, we don't always know how to basically call it, but but straight up tactics that are often also interlinked that those organizations use in the field in their land governance work. And each chapter provides sort of background on that practice or strategy, a number of concrete tools that are related to that practice slash strategy. Thanks to content, consider or anticipate and also a specific case study from a local civil society organizations that we consider very relevant for that practice. Here on the slide is basically just four of examples of those nine strategies slash practices that this publication comprises. And one is on building movements and campaigns. One is on legal empowerment and paralegal training. One is on collective natural resource management and sustainable land use planning, and another one on monitoring guideline compliance and implementation. They're often interlinked. I guess some of your organizations are also engaged in various of those strategies or you're also seeing how basically a merging of those strategies can help you advance your objectives. So it's by no way meant to be a split and they're always overlaps of course in between them. And this is just an example of the first chapter which is on the disciplinary mapping and other of those strategies or practices. And it's on the right hand side, you can see those tools that I was mentioning. There are also some quotes from some of our partners that have actually been interviewed and have actively participated in coming up with the information that is available in that publication. And on the right hand side, you can see there's also per practice always a list of things to consider and anticipate because it's really not the idea that this guidebook just shows how great the work is that all of our partners are doing. But I of course know that they're doing a lot of great work. It's also important to notice that they're also struggling. They're also challenges that they're encountering. And I think that is also one of the goals of our session today to exactly discuss some of those challenges and see whether you as an audience have potentially some solutions or some advice for our partners in the struggles that they've been dealing with. And then there's also an example of a case study that's the one by a man and you're going to hear about that more in a minute from from. Yes, slow down just a little bit the interpreter sorry, yes, thank you. So this case study David is going to talk about it in a minute. So yeah, I don't want to go into too much detail from here. I encourage or would like love you to to all check out this publication. It's really for like minded organizations like those in the guidebook to learn and see how they can use some of the experiences and strategies and their respective context. It's available on our website. Like I said in English and Bahasa. And yeah, let's hear from some of those organizations represented in the publication, what they've been doing on the ground. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks, new. We have a team of colleagues actually here on the background also supporting us. Yes, to give also this advice for speaking a bit slowly because we also have a team of interpreters here. So again, for those who have just joined us. We have interpretation to Bahasa and also to French, and you can find those languages at the bottom lower part of your screen. If you click on the globe, you can then select the language that you are most comfortable with. So thanks again, Stephen for this presentation. I'm pretty sure this is a very rich and useful resources for empowering society organizations. So let us then talk to our panelists now to know about their experiences in applying in developing some of these strategies. And I'd like to start with in Zira, and in Zira, amongst other areas, we know that for Moulin is working to secure women's inheritance rights in Mozambique. Can you talk about your efforts here in this area and how to ensure women are included in the subject inheritance issues, which is deeply rooted in tradition and customs at the community level. Is it over to you, please. Thank you, Rami. Good morning. Good afternoon. Thank you. Can you hear me? Yes, Rami, thank you especially for this invitation to join you on this reflection in this discussion. What I can say is that foreign media has been working since 1993 to promote women's rights and gender equality in Mozambique and focus, particularly on the roots of the inequalities. And that is under the cultural norms that in Africa, I'm not thinking all the world is very, is deep in education in a society. One of the strategies that we use is to inform and raise awareness of women on women about the rights. Many of them do not know that they are subject of rights, they must reclaim their rights and they need to know that to reclaim. So what we start to do was to disseminate information, raise awareness about this, and also using different tools like translation, the information to local language, because our national language is the Portuguese, but at the local level, the communities, majority of people use the local language. So we start to translate the information. So and then with this campaign, yes, so women would collectively join two campaigns to reclaim the rights because the scenes that they understand what is happening and do a reflection, they were able to participate consciously, why on on the agendas and campaigns and activities to reclaim. So we start to reindicate the participation of women and decision making process and all process of discussion, policies, laws in Mozambique and they being the main one addressing the problems bringing evidences of what is happening in the community on their life and the family, and the consequences of this for themselves, and also for the development of the of the country. So we start these campaigns and also we create kind of technical groups, composite with the different people, different expertise, socio anthropological legal and also activists that could do a research and could collect information and put it structured on the documents that we use to address to the parliament, or to the government, all these issues. The other important thing that we've been doing is that it's not it's not only regarding to the laws or the process of revision of the laws that we do this process. We do it continuously. It's a process that we do community learning, community raise awareness, we do feminist schools where women can engage and Yeah, I, unfortunately, I see in Zira that you make a reflection, analyzing the context of these spaces. So we gave them Okay, maybe it's my camera. Okay. So I'm going to switch off my camera and then continue and maybe come to the end. Yes. So our experiences is our experience is to engage women, bring the women to the space of dialogue and also do this bridge with the government and the parliament on addressing their concerns and also make them understanding the importance to promote women's rights and gender and gender equality. I think that I can thank you. Yeah, thank you Zira. Thanks very much. Yeah, we can see it's very holistic, not your approach to inclusivity and how to deal with these issues now of women's land rights in most of the Thank you very much for this. And now I'd like to turn to Bridget who can also bring us a very specific experience that they have there in Zambia. And Bridget, I understand that the Zambia Land Alliance has done quite some work on legal empowerment of communities. Can you describe these efforts and what results have you had? I'm actually just looking if yes, please Bridget. Oh Bridget, we don't we are not hearing you and it might be because you have to select the English just to make sure you have to select at the bottom of your screen for the interpretation. If you can select English, then we will have the audio in English as well from you. Hello. Hi Bridget. Where we need we need you to click on the English channel so we can hear you. I've actually clicked on it already. It's already set. Okay, good. Yeah. Please go ahead. All right. Okay. Thank you very much. So working with land has made Zede they realize that land rights program come with a lot of land disputes of which some require legal support. The organization has been providing free legal support to rural vulnerable communities since 2012. I have to mention here that the majority of land holders live under customary land which makes up over 70% of the land in Zambia. So we started by training staff in case documentation then employed actual particles who have been transferring basic legal knowledge to other staff members and community members through the community land advocacy committees to transfer information on legal empowerment. So other than that, what we did is that through the clerks who are like our community land advocacy committees, these are a structure that has been formulated in the community to help out with our work. So they are like the link between Zambia Land Alliance and the communities. So these clerks support case documentation and conflict resolution when these cases come up because the clerks are in the community themselves. So these cases when they come up, the community members in the clerks document the cases and forward these to the trends variables. The clerks are also able to follow up cases in traditional courts and document grievances from land holders. So when the parigots pick up these cases, they give mediation services. They also help in facilitating linkages because the way our laws are in Zambia is that the parigots that we have right now cannot stand before the courts of law. And Zambia Land Alliance can't afford a lawyer. So we need to work with existing linkages that we work with to follow up the cases. We've also been training traditional leaders on record keeping, case conflict resolution and gender. I think these trainings have helped to change patriarchal mindsets by reducing the bias of judgments towards men who are predominantly owners of land. Unfortunately because of the cultural setup of our country. So even with the improved record keeping, the referencing of documents in case there's an appeal is easy because of the record keeping that has been in the traditional leaders. So after training these communities, we've also noticed that they do claim their land rights. They're able to defend through the parigot settings or other conflict resolution points that are existing in the traditional setup. We've also been helping community members that are faced with large scale land acquisitions. These have been displaced. So I think I'd mentioned that we don't have lawyers. So we link them up to organizations such as South or international lawyers project and they kind of help them into helping out with the litigation cases. Thank you. Let me just exactly allow to just so we can time this appropriately so we can give give also the floor to a few other panelists that we have here now. I would like to now ask a dawn from Engel. I know that Engel has had a lot of success done on campaigning about land rights. But how have you defined what are the negotiables and non negotiables in dealing with governments. And what has the impact of these decisions been on interactions with policymakers. Thank you, Romy. It's my audio group. Okay. Yes. Thank you. Again, let me take this opportunity to thank both ends and land for the foundation of this way for this webinar for me to share the work and lessons of my organization. The Asian and your coalition for a gender forum and we will develop them for Angok founded in 1979 Angok is a regional association of national and regional networks of civil society organizations working on in the form sustainable agriculture participatory governance and rural development. Her mission is to advocate and promote land and research rights, smallholder agriculture and human rights and civic participation. By serving as a platform for civil society organizations in the Asian region to generate knowledge, share tools and conduct constructive policy dialogues. In relation to land rights, it might be worth noting that a number of global trends that are impacting on non rights advocacy. First, decisions are increasingly externalized and more complex by faceless absent corporations with no direct systems of accountability to the communities. Second, while new opportunities are provided by the advance advancement of information technologies. This information and blood reparation of fake news blur the issue and third, the roles of the state has been decreasing due to the increasing privatization and globalization. These trends are exacerbated by increasing pressures on land driven by global markets and land is increasingly treated as mere commodity neglecting its multifunctionality in the realm of social, cultural and environment. On this note, advocacy can be better understood by classifying its activities into two kinds. First is the upstream advocacy which pertains to the initiatives made to publicize issues that need to be addressed. This is the high visibility part of advocacy. Meanwhile, downstream advocacy involves building consensus and forging alliances and networks. lobbying and attending meetings. It is said that the downstream advocacy is the harder kind. Since it is easy to agree on what to oppose, but it is difficult to agree on what to propose. And thus it is important that the goal of a land rights campaign be clear from the start in order to define the negotiables and non negotiables items in our demands. Among the pitfalls in land rights advocacy that civil society organizations should avoid are addressing an issue that is too big or too complicated to handle or not knowing what the people really want and not having any concrete demands on alternative proposals and having too many mixed messages. Instead, land advocates should ask ourselves the following questions before embarking on our campaigns. Is the issue based on the felt needs of the poor? Does the issue have a clear constituency? Do we have a counter proposal or an alternative? Have we identified the right targets for our advocacy? Do we know exactly what results we want? Are these achievable? Do we have a high chance of winning what we want? What are and can we afford the recent ball? And finally, can we sustain our efforts? Thank you. Once these items are clear, then it will facilitate the process of building consensus and determining and prioritizing the objectives and subset indicators of our demands. Over to you, Romi. Thank you very much, Anton. Yeah, these are very interesting insights as well. And I can see also a bit the link also with what Brigitte was saying, really asking the questions. What are the real needs? No, I think Brigitte was bringing this experience of the paralegals, which I think were very important. And now you break that issues into very interesting questions also that civil society can ask themselves. Let me turn now to Devi. Devi, can you tell us about how participatory mapping of indigenous lands has empowered indigenous women in Indonesia? Devi will be talking to us in Bahasa. Okay, thank you, Romi. And I use this opportunity also to thank both ends and land portal because they can give contribution in this process. Before I answer how it is to empower women, there is my opinion actually on the safety of the situation in Indonesia. First of all, there is no policy that empowers and protects the rights of the indigenous people. And patriarchy and feudalism are still very deep in this country. So this is a challenge. When the indigenous people are not admitted, the indigenous women will never be seen. Our faces have never been seen. So it is very important for the security women to be able to support the visibility of indigenous women. And we use engendering participatory mapping as a tool to consolidate indigenous women and support the visibility. Well, EPM itself is actually used to become a tool to strengthen the capacity of indigenous women. So the documentation that is done in the indigenous region is directly done by indigenous women. They identify what knowledge is available in the indigenous region, who practices it, whether there is a change from time to time. We use three generations to see changes so that EPM is actually able to provide reliable data. And above all, we use it to support the perspective and the importance of indigenous women to be strong in talking about the indigenous region. So the indigenous region is not only dominated by a certain group. In this process, the data that is presented through EPM is a communication tool that actually makes indigenous women when writing this data reflect on the situation that is faced from time to time. From this process, actually, indigenous women identify any questions that will be faced or that have already been faced. Resilience like what was built between these generations covers the changes that take place in the indigenous region. And then at the end of the process, actually, indigenous women will know the risks that will be faced in the future. And then indigenous women will try to promote the path like what to do changes and face this situation. This process actually becomes very crucial because it is then needed by a woman who provides indigenous women who can articulate it in public space. Strong data based on experience owned by indigenous women and the process that is used through engendering participatory mapping then gives self-confidence and builds argumentation based on data that is then difficult to be supported by many parties. From the process, actually, indigenous women's leadership through EPM can be built. So data can be supported to be included and directed by the parties. In my opinion, this is a process that then we see as a process of empowerment of indigenous women through one tool that we call engendering participatory mapping. I will go back, Romi. Thank you. Thank you, Davie. And I think you touched upon very interesting issue for us to move to our second round of questions, data. What kind of data is important for civil society to better act in their instances at the community level? What kind of data is important to promote inclusivity? So with this, let me turn back to Minzira in Mozambique. And Minzira, the question is what kind of data information is essential to guide efforts to secure women's land rights in Mozambique? Does this data exist? And if not, what is preventing this data from becoming available? I think that we have information, but it's not structured. It's not organized as the way we can easily access and we can use it for planning and for other projects that we want to implement. There's still a challenge to desegregate the data by gender and also to access it when it is done because government is doing all effort to document it. But the way the government do it is not so participatory, not participative, and women feel most of the time that they have been put aside. It's like the government doing the mapping, trying to collect information, but using their own methodology that is not so inclusive. Women at community level, they are the ones that manage the space for agriculture, for ritual space, and also when they take products, they take plans for medicine, for health practice. And when comes this institution to mapping where are the land, which land I've been using or not, and who is doing what, most of the time they just focus to talk with men and not engage women on this process. And sometimes when they want to implement projects, women are the ones that say this area you can do that because it's an area that we normally use for our ritual or our tradition. And it's coming a challenge between community and the authorities. So we've been asking government to desegregate the effort it's been doing, but it's far for the level we want to have information. One of the, the practice that we do is documenting the stories of women and learn and hear them about what is the space they use, how they use the space, and what are the practices they've been applying at community level, how they divide the roles. And with this information, women feel that they've been heard, and they are participating because they are talking about even the ancestors, how the process of distribution of the land and the space to happen. So this also make us understanding very well the importance of land for them and how they want to be engaged on the process and see government organizing the process. So what we've been doing is also to address these issues to the government and make them understanding that it's important to include women in this in them, all the groups of women on this process. Thank you very much. Yes, I see also this parallel now with what Debbie was saying previously that it's really this process of mapping and in your case the process of talking to the women that it creates also this empowerment, you know, because it's about the land is just about a an asset. It's not just a commodity to refer to the words of of dawn previously but it is really the territory where a lot of other values are embedded in this space. So, and I think it is really very much not through the process that there is this empowerment. And also, going back to the experience of the legal support by Zambia land Alliance Bridget I want to bring you back here in the in this round, and like to ask you, what kind of legal support, have you found this most needed, and what factors have proven most crucial in helping to protect the legal rights of communities. Thank you very much Romy. So, Zendale is currently using Paragos who unfortunately cannot represent clients in court and accredited lawyers in the country are quite few and expensive to hire for long term cases. Some of these cases that need litigation include high profile cases such as displacement by large scale and acquisitions, which have become rampant under customary land. I think I've mentioned that it's got the biggest chunk of land in the country and that's where the vulnerable communities reside. So, these investors have funds to, you know, finance lawyers parking their cases, and they stand a better chance of winning cases so I think the biggest need that we might have is litigation support. Otherwise, if we have to look at the factors that are crucial in helping to protect the legal rights of community members I think increasing the knowledge of land administrators administrators on the importance of protecting the rights of the community members. It's very key because this will enhance their willingness to actually protect these rights. There's also the need for provision of independent conflict resolution points such as the Paragodes that we've been able to create across the communities we're working with. We also need to work with the traditional leaders because they are the custodian of land under customary land so we can't sideline them in the conflict resolution system. Then we should also ensure that we use provisions in the legislation to actually defend the rights of the community members. We should also work with like-minded organizations such as the ones that offer litigation cases. Then we also need to engage in non-confrontational methods of engagement. I think this has helped ZDLA in ensuring that even as we try and help out with the communities there's no bad blood around the cases that we're dealing with. Thank you. Over to you Ram. Thank you Bridget. Thank you very much. Very interesting insights as well. It's very interesting to see how it is important not to support paralegals because of all these structural barriers also for communities to even defend themselves. Let me now take you all to Asia and get Don here to reply to us. Don, can you describe how the Landwatch Asia campaign uses data collection and reporting in a participatory manner? How do you use the data and share it publicly? Okay, just a brief background on Landwatch Asia was initiated in 2007 by Angok. So it's a regional campaign geared toward ensuring that issues of access to land, the grant reform, and equitable and sustainable development in rural areas are addressed both at the national and regional development agenda. It aims to contribute to existing campaigns in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, and the Philippines. By identifying the context, challenges, and opportunities of access to land and grant reform campaigns at regional and national levels. One of the main major strategy is the use of evidence-based Landwatch Asia campaigns on land rights, recognition, and tenure reforms. A key feature of this approach is participatory acts of research, where members of Landwatch Asia discuss and approve the framework for design of the studies. Thereafter, primary and secondary data are used by representatives of partner communities and civil society organizations for joint analysis in formulating inclusive land policies or improving program implementation. In effect, the consultation process leads to building consensus among the participants. A challenge that we have been facing though in this time of pandemic is that the process of data gathering, either through focused discussions or key informant interviews, is basically conducted through online given health protocols. As you know, many of the rural communities in Asia have limited or have poor internet connection. Community representatives as well as civil society organization workers have to adjust, learn, and be patient on using the online platforms. Once the drug studies are validated by the community-sensitive organizations, in-country multi-stakeholder dialogue is undertaken to present and discuss the major findings and recommendations to govern government representatives. A regional summary is then prepared to identify the common areas while noting the various country contexts. This regional drug summary will undergo a peer review by the country's focal points of Landwatch Asia, which then again contributes to the process of consensus building, as well as increasing the capacity and research, increasing the capacities of policy and research of civil society organizations, as well as setting the advocacy priority targets at the regional level. Then product is a publication which will disseminate in printed form during face-to-face meetings. We upload the electronic files as well as in our website and encourage our partners to do the same in their respective websites and to share with virus media organizations. We have to reach those outside our circles, otherwise we'll be preaching to the converter. Finally, a key challenge is producing infographics, particularly for a regional publication given the length of its studies. Over to you, Romi. Thank you. Thank you very much, Don. Romi, you moved it yourself accidentally. Sorry. Sorry. Thank you, Don. I just wanted to say I see it's a very complex process not to ensure inclusivity, but we see it's also a very important and necessary process. There are no shortcuts for this. Thanks for that. Let me now turn to Devi. So we are still in Asia here and Devi, what are the challenges that the women you worked with face in the process of mapping their lands? Can you elaborate a little bit on this challenge? Please. Like this, Romi, in Indonesia, talking about this land is very political. It's good in the country's context, or even in the community itself. So, many times, the group of women you worked with is in a stigma or given a label that they are not capable, they don't have enough information and knowledge, so that the women are then excluded from the whole conversation about the land. And this is in the community. But structurally, the policies and practices that are carried out by the country, for example, the head of the family is a man, makes the women, then the land that is even the land that they receive from their family. This is the situation that is faced. And it is very easy for women to talk about the asset of the community, especially in the family. This is one of the challenges that we face. And then it is also not easy for women to go out and work in the domestic field. So, many times, women are then placed in the context of the domestic field where the explanation is always touching the understanding of the domestic field of women. Domestic field is not only kitchen, preparing food, preparing sand or clothes. But the domestic field of women is the whole area of the land. There are forests, rivers, water, etc. Which actually becomes a very political space, a very large power that is used by women. That will help change. This is what we actually do through the engineering process of participatory mapping.  Data from a safe woman, we do a research for facts and analysis about implementation of the next development goal, or SDGs in Indonesia. It shows that 90% of development projects have never done free prior informed consent with women. From that situation, we know that there are women who are far away from the whole process that talks about the area, especially the land. Even though there are still women who talk about the assets of their families, they can still be done and controlled by women. This is a situation that exists, but there are still very few people like this. But in general, the challenges we get are the ones I mentioned earlier. I will go back to Romi. Thank you, Devi. Well, 90% of projects with indigenous do not have free and prior informed consent. That's quite an alarming non-figure, according to the assessment that you have done. Let's keep those in mind. Let me get you all now to our third round of questions and the last one. I will ask you all panelists to be rather brief so we can allow enough time also to get the questions from our audience. I will start now with Nzira. Nzira, I understand that the forum has worked with women victims of the conflict in Kabo Delgado province in Mozambique. Many have lost their husbands in the violent conflict and they have fled their lands. We know that this is a very specific conflict there and it's a very important situation that it's being faced by many over there. We would like to understand a little bit if you can give us the background to it. I can also understand in these circumstances what measures can civil society advocate to ensure women's rights and their well-being. Over to you, Nzira. This is a very sensitive topic to talk because we even do not know what's going on in Kabo Delgado. It's like we hear that there are groups that are attacking communities, attacking families, burning homes and burning farms. And we don't know what they want and who are them. Till three, I think two years ago, even our government wasn't sharing enough information to all countries. Yes, this conflict is causing a lot of stress and also trauma for the people, particularly to women that is suffering at several abuses, sexual discrimination, sexual violence discrimination. And also being executed by these groups or by the military. So it's very complicated. What we've been trying to do is support women that are in the new resettlement because many of them running from their community and trying to find safe space that is in Pemba City. They were running from their original zones to the capital of Kabo Delgado. When we reach them, we try to understand what's going on and what they want to share with us. And they have this hope to go back to home to return back and asking, they are asking continually why, why are we, we've been attacking and why are we suffering this. So we start to give a primary basic support to them, giving a fabric that is Cabalana in Portuguese, that is this traditional fabric that I'm wearing. Because it's very important in our culture to use this. We use it as a cloth we use to sleep, we use to carry babies to go to church. So we have different ways to use this. So we try to give some, we start the solidarity campaign to give them to women. We start to campaign also to collect some main basic equipment that they use at the kitchen because they're still the ones that are responsible to cook and organize food. For the groups that were able to find a farm in the community to arrive at, because it was not easy also to have a place to, to continue to practice agriculture there. We try to give them some seeds and some support with equipment also to continue to do a farm because when they run they left behind all the production and everything that they, they had. We also start to organize some sessions to relief of trauma and the challenge.  Women are organizing stuff to take care of the others and also to reorganize in the place they are. We know that I'm talking about women because they have majority in terms of percentage in terms of numbers that are displaced. So they represent 80% of people running away from this community of women. So they are doing health service. They are supporting the others that are pregnant. They also organize themselves to denounce sexual abuse and violence that they are suffering from the groups that are coming to support them or even in the place that they are, they are individuals that start to bring this cause. But mainly what we also do is to address the government and the president of Mozambique about the conflict and asking him to bring peace because everybody's looking at how our president tried to find out what's going on. So it's not easy to talk about the capital, there are many issues around the social, political and also mainly regarding to the women body in the context of our main conflict and the terrorist attacks. Thank you for sharing this with us and Zira. Absolutely. I understand it's a very sensitive conflict. I felt it was also important to share because we know that there are such conflicts happening in other parts of the world as well. And we see that there is of course no silver bullets to address this, but I think it's also important to see how your organization and others are using multiple strategies now to at least provide some relief and some well-being for those who have needed to be evicted from these lands. To leave these lands. Let me turn now to Bridget and talking again about the experience with the Community Land Advocacy Committees set up by Zendia Land Alliance. Bridget, can you tell us a bit more about the impact of these clerks? As is the acronym of these committees. And so the impact of those in representing the interests of vulnerable groups and how they hold customary leaders and government officials to account. Very challenging issue, I can imagine. Please, Bridget. Yeah, so in every community we go to implement activities, we make sure that we establish a community land Advocacy Committee that is responsible for implementation of activities at community levels. So this structure is chosen by the community itself and it has got 10 members who are gender balanced. They offer their services on a voluntary basis. So we have noticed working with these structures which are like a sustainability structure for us in whatever community we're going into. We have noticed the enhancement of women's land rights. I think basically because there are women in this structure so they're able to advance any women related issues towards the traditional leaders. We've also noticed a quicker resolution of cases because these clerks help in following up cases and helping organizing witnesses for case resolution. We've also seen the clerks helping in the documentation of land rights. They help in the verification of boundaries as well as ownership of the land that is going to be certified. We've also seen an increase the enhancement of community-led advocacy efforts and when the advocacy efforts is led by the community, we see that there's ownership and celebration of results. So the clerks also help out to gather evidence. When they gather evidence, they present community position papers to duty parents such as the traditional leaders and the local authorities. They also help with following up on actions in those position papers. They have the capacity to engage with traditional leaders to discuss the recommendations that are in the position papers. But most importantly, they've also been our watchdogs at Zambia Land Alliance because they're able to report abuses to us as an organization and we follow up on those abuses. And we help the community in supporting them in ensuring that the interests of the community members are in those recommendations that we put across. Over to you, Romy. Thank you Bridget. Yeah, very interesting also this connection of having those people also being your arms, not in an extension of Zambia Land Alliance in the communities and reporting and the rolling reporting abuse. I will take you now back to Asia with Dawn and Devi and first to Dawn. Dawn I understand that you have developed a standard set of indicators against which civil society partners assess land laws in their respective countries for land watch Asia. How do you use these indicators and are they useful for tracking progress? If you can keep it very short so we can go to Devi and then get some questions from the audience. Thank you. Yeah, land was Asia developed a monitoring framework in order to inform us of our joint policy agenda. We are monitoring tenure and access to land. For land tenure, the indicators involve disputes, evictions and land conflicts. On the other hand, four indicators are identified for access to land. They include distribution or concentration of land ownership, landlessness, land policies and budgetary support to search policies. The monitoring framework assumes that strengthening land tenure and access to land leads to food security and poverty reduction. The opposite direction landlessness leads to conflicts and violence. Let me quickly share two initiatives and how we use this in our monitoring. First is the Land Conflict Monitoring Initiative. As we know that land conflict is an indicator and it raises questions about the state of land governance. Land conflicts result in loss of livelihoods, violation of human rights and should therefore signal an urgency for governments and other stakeholders to react. Thus in 2018, Land Watch Asia developed a land conflict monitoring report to understand the nature and causes of land conflicts, the impacts to local communities and land defenders. We improved the methodology in 2020 to allow us to consolidate data at the regional level. Thus from January to December 2020, Land Watch Asia partners gathered at least 1,371 pieces of land and resource conflicts in six countries covering about 6.47 million hectares, which is the total land area of Sri Lanka in affecting 2.37 million households. The main drivers of this land conflict are private investments and government projects. There were 712 individual victims of violence and human rights violations in the five countries, including Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Nepal and the Philippines. The second example is our monitoring on the Sustainable Development Goals. Using the data on indicators that Land Watch Asia developed, the campaign produced the 2020 CSO report on SDG 1.4 to bring focus and attention to the land agenda, which has not been prominently addressed in recent SDG reporting processes of governments. Covering seven countries, the report has identified potential jobs on reporting of land under the SDGs. And also gauges the progress made by governments toward addressing land rights under SDG 1.4. Not only through the lens of official data in global indicators, but also studies and feedback from CSOs and rural communities. All the seven reports revealed that SDGs have been incorporated in medium and long term plans of government. However, national statistical offices are still currently in the process of developing and further refining the methodologies and measuring SDG 1.4.2. Further, none of the countries collect or report perception data on tenure rights, as stipulated under SDG 1.2. This is an important matter in view of the fact that having some legal rights does not automatically guarantee security of tenure. If people perceive that their legitimate tenure rights are not adequately productive. Thank you. We'll type in the chat box the links of these two reports and over to you. Thank you. I was going to ask you exactly that if you can paste on the chat here the links to these reports and also where people can find this data because I can see it can be very helpful for a lot of civil society groups also to have insight into this data and use this data. Devi, now to you in Sumatra, we would like to hear how you have used the data resulting from this participatory mapping, which is your experience there. And how have you been able to use data for advocacy or other purposes? And also what are your future plans? Very shortly, please. I will explain how this data has been used since I was a kid. This APM data is then a baseline for the community, especially for the women, to see the potential in their area. And this data is based on the age group, based on the population, and so on. So this data is very detailed, even to the knowledge data. This data is then used by women to see the future vision of the village that is imagined. And it is used to do an intervention, development plan and budgeting at the village level. So the village is the administration of the government. This is from the countryside. And then in the countryside, there are also two areas of organization of local women, local chapter of women in Sumatra Uttara, to get information about the village of Adat from the village head. So, again, this is the administration village of the government. One is in the play of Tualang Pusu, the second is in the scientist. The two are in Sumatra Uttara. This is very important because historically, women have never been able to convey their voice. And then after 30 years, they have been fighting for Adat. Just this time, this can be achieved and that is in the hands of Adat women. So this is one of the benefits for us. And then in Kalimantan Timur market, this APM data is used for the two villages of Adat and manage the implementation of the Adat community to the government of Kabupaten. From this process, then the market became one of the nominations for Equator Price in 2021 for the Adat region. The two Adat regions are one in Kaki Kunung, another in Mangrof with a very primary forest. At the regional and international level, we use this data to do advocacy. I, as a security woman, follow up on how SDGIS advocacy is done. We contribute this data to that advocacy. But the most interesting thing is this data, then we use it to support the committee, to give strong recommendations to the Indonesian government to give the approval of the Adat community and then ensure the rights of women in this process. In the 1980s, including the Observation Committee, the CEDAW Committee, and then we talked about... Thank you very much for this. And I hope that this work will continue because I can see that there are also a lot to be done still in taking this even to scale to other communities as well. Without further ado, let us take some questions from our audience. Thank you very much for all of those who have been with us until this point and for listening and for your patience. Now, let me turn to the very first question here that we have a new colleague who's helping me on the background to select some of these questions. The first one I got from Wilson Kip Kazin. The question is how do we simplify donor support to Indigenous peoples to get support to build their capacity to protect their territorial lands and for their sustainability? Who would like to answer this question? So it's about how to simplify the donor support to Indigenous communities. Davy, maybe can you answer this first question and then we see also if others would like to answer? Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you, Davy. I just wanted to, I got to also note here from Stefan that indeed we are going to also have another webinar. Please subscribe to Man Portals and both fans' newsletters because then you will get information about when precisely these other webinars will take place in a year. I will actually just jump directly to then the second question and we have here a comment from Chris Tenner. So once again, I find myself in a webinar that is not addressing the main question just raised by Natanya, by Don and Angok. States and corporations are simply ignoring the agendas and concerns of all our organizations. I admire and support all the initiatives being discussed here but what more can we do? So Chris believes that more direct activism and protest appears to him as the only way now. Don, would you like to comment on this please? Yeah, thanks for the question and I understand the frustration we've been raising these issues for decades and it seems that nothing is happening but on the other hand, there are progress happening. The fact that governments and corporations are also involved in the UN Guided Biscuits of Business and Human Rights I think is a step forward for different stakeholders in the business, the private sector, states and civil society and communities to really sit down and find ways to address these concerns related to the violation of human rights by business groups. Of course, the question is the implementation of this guidelines. So therefore I think that's the important role of civil society organization to continue our work. Watchdog role as a monitor but at the same time also build more consensus within the civil society as I mentioned from the start on the demands that we want to a particular company for example. We also have to learn I think the language of business. For them, it's really more of economics or how do we convert the discussion in terms of how tenure security can make more business sense for them because it reduces conflicts, it addresses environmental degradation so therefore we have to sort of learn the language of how to convert environment peace into economic terms also that we can also discuss with the private sector. Thank you. Don, I also would like to pass this to Nzira to comment on this question. Please Nzira. It's true the question that Chris raised it seems that we movements we are now stepping back and we were quiet but it's also time for us to reflect on our methodologies to do our interventions time to reorganize also time to learn from these new events new ways of doing things because we are stuck in our own ways to do but we are not learning so we need to reinvent ourselves. The other thing I think that's important is to bring the youth to this movement to this process because they are the future but seems that they have very big gap between the activists that are coming from old school and the youth they are just doing their own stuff not engaging on these campaigns in this movement so it's time to bring them so I believe if we start to do that we can continue there are things that we cannot stop doing the capacity building raise awareness and engage communities because most of the time we see that some donors say okay we already did it we cannot continue doing the same things it's not true we need to do we need to play I see that Nizira has a problem with her audio right now slowly okay Nizira sorry you broke up a little bit but I hope it's thank you again Nizira We need to give capacity, and I know it's important to maintain. I was almost finishing, I was just bringing this add on capacity to building strength to the community for them to raise their voice and demand a clean for their rights. Thank you. Thank you for these ideas and also I think the call to involve the youth. I think this is also a very important point. I do see a lot of organizations are starting to work on that line, but I can also see, as you said, the old school NGOs not yet adopting such approaches. Now, we have a question now to Bridget specifically. Bridget, the question is, what about the risks of civil society organizations in creating parallel land recognition systems, which are going beyond national legislative frameworks, which results in alienation by national and local authorities and unachievable expectation for communities? I think which are not the results in terms of alienation? Well, let's focus on this very first part, then Bridget, please. All right. So, I think I mentioned from the beginning that we mainly work in traditional settings. And in our traditional settings, I think we have the main structure, which is the traditional courts. But when we work with the traditional courts, we make sure that we introduce both the paralegos and the clerks to this structure so that there is no conflict. And I think even in our mediation, we've noticed that they actually traditionally test themselves core on the paralegos or the clerks to come and help them with the mediation of cases. So, I don't think we have created the parallel structure. I think for us, it's just an independent place where aggrieved parties can come through to get legal advice before they channel their energies towards the traditional courts. But if we work with the state land, we usually work with the state courts. And again, that's not a parallel structure because those are really set up. But as I mentioned, much of the litigation cases are undertaken by our partners who have the manpower to actually handle the cases. And I think it has really worked because most of the time the community members do not have the legal knowledge or, yeah, the legal knowledge to actually represent themselves in courts of law. So when the litigation support organization comes through, it means that they have an expert before them. And we've seen, I think I should think almost three cases that have been resolved in favor of the community members because they had the presence of litigation support angel standing up for them. So I think it does work. Thank you, Bridget. Thank you very much. I have a last question. We are just five minutes before the end. And I have these last questions to Misira and a question coming from Technopova. My question is to Misira from Mozambique. Does culture play a negative role on access and ownership of land to women? If so, which strategies do you use to bring transparency and accountability between men and women? Very interesting question, Misira. Very interesting, yes. I'm going to switch my camera to facilitate communication. Yes, some culture, yes, can bring a negative impact to women access and control to land. We know that culture has been used by the patriarchal system to cover this, to defend this predominance that men, this right men, to control all the resources and economic assets. So yes, but it was not always like that. It is written that in the past, women used to have the same access to land and control, access to land and control of the land. But it's changed with the times and it's come like that. So what we need to do is continue to educate our society in terms of human rights. In Mozambique, for instance, our constitutions are saying that men and women have the same right. So we need to continue to address that, change norms, change attitudes, change behavior on the community and try to stop this tendency of reproduce these inequalities that we see in the culture. So all of us are calling to be, they change we want to see because it's not just for the others or even us as individuals, we need to reflect on our practice and some men have to accept to lose some privileges that have been having due all these, all these times. Yeah. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. So we are just two minutes before the end. And with this, I actually would like to already close here to thank everyone for having listened. Thank you a lot to our panelists here today. So this is a great discussion to Stefan for presenting also the guidebook. You will also receive a link to the guidebook in an email to all of you by tomorrow. Also, I would like to remind you, please help us to make this webinar better and better also for the next time. Take the survey please that Neil, my colleague will post to here before you leave. It's a quick survey to know what can be improved and what has been well done. Remember that this is a series of webinars. So we will also have another free webinars taking place in the course of this year, one of them being focused on the role of donors. And you can know more about these webinars when they are taking place through our websites of land portal and both ends. Or you can also sign up to our newsletters. With this exactly. Thank you very much to all of you. I'm sorry that we couldn't take all the questions, but we will have a shorter debrief with panelists right after this. And we will give them the questions that you have sent them and perhaps they also can get in touch directly with you to answer some of these questions. With thank you very much again for this very interesting discussion, and I hope to see you the next time in this webinar series.


Up next is a a couple of proclamations. The first is to the Islamic Center of Livermore and want to recognize that they're here. The Islamic Center Livermore is here and this is September 27, 2021. The read part of the proclamation. Whereas the city of Livermore is home to people of different national origins, immigration or refugee status, cultures, histories, races and ethnicities, religious affiliations or none, gender identities, sexual orientations, ages, education, economic status, and physical, mental or emotional abilities. And whereas the city council believes that a city can best stand against bigotry and tolerance and hate through leading by example and living our shared community values of welcome, inclusion and respect. And whereas Muslims have contributed to the rich history of civil rights movement and the social, cultural and economic vibrancy of our country. Whereas in August 2016, the California State Assembly passed a resolution recognizing August as Muslim appreciation and awareness month to acknowledge and promote awareness of the myriad invaluable contributions of Muslim Americans in California and across the country. And whereas the Islamic Center of Livermore helps fulfill the spiritual and cultural needs of Livermore residents and promotes intercultural cooperation by providing an environment for dialogue, education and fellowship. The Islamic Center has answered the call for help during the COVID-19 by donating funds, distributing food, sewing masks, serving on the front lines as healthcare and service workers and educating their congregations about social distancing guidelines and practices to keep the community safe. Now therefore, the city council, the city of Livermore recognizes the contributions of the Islamic Center of Livermore and the lasting positive impact they have made in our community. So thank you.