Let us find together the derivative of y with respect to x, where x and y are given by the equation relationship you see here on the screen, sine of x plus y is equal to y squared times cosine of x. Now, before your trig identity sense goes crazy right here, we're not gonna need to use the sum of angles identity for sine because we don't need to solve for y in order to calculate the derivative. We're gonna calculate the derivative implicitly. Now, to calculate the derivative implicitly, what we're essentially gonna do is we're gonna take the derivative of the left-hand side with respect to x, and we also take the derivative of the right-hand side with respect to x. The idea here is if you have an equation, as long as you do the same thing to the left-hand side as you do to the right-hand side, what's good for the goose is good for the gander, then equality will be maintained. So if we take the derivative of the left and take the derivative of the right, then we can find the derivative. We can solve for dy over dx in this situation. Now, for the sake of simplicity, you're gonna see me using this little prime notation. When you see that prime notation, notice this is just an abbreviation for taking the derivative with respect to x. So for example, we need to take the derivative of sine of x plus y prime, that is, we're taking the derivative with respect to x. We also need to take the derivative of y squared times cosine of x with respect to x right there. Now, to take the left-hand side first, we have to find the derivative of sine of x plus y. This is where the chain rule is gonna come into play here. The chain rule is critical whenever you do any calculation with implicit differentiation. So we have basically two functions in play here. We have the sine function, which is this outer function, and sitting inside of it is this function x plus y, this function of two variables, x plus y. And when drawing these little links of the chain here on the screen to emphasize why this thing is called the chain rule, we have these two functions we have to take care of. So we first take the outer derivative. What's the derivative of sine? And as many of us know, the derivative of sine is cosine. The angle when you take the derivative here will stay the same. It's the original angle of x plus y. But then when you take the inner derivative, that is the derivative of the inside function, we have to take the derivative of x plus y right here. And so I don't wanna do too much all at once, so I'm just gonna leave it there, x plus y prime. Now, on the right-hand side, this is the advantage by doing the derivative on both sides. It can actually work on them kind of simultaneously because the calculation of one doesn't exactly affect the calculation of the other. So looking on the right-hand side, what derivative rule would come into play for y squared times cosine of x? Well, the answer's in the question there. It's y squared times cosine of x. We have these two factors in play. The product rule will come into play. So the derivative of the right-hand side will look like y squared prime times cosine of x. And then you add to that y squared times cosine of x prime. Remember, in all of these calculations, we're taking the derivative with respect to x. On the left-hand side, we have this factor of cosine of x plus y. We don't need to do anything with it yet. But we still have the x plus y prime. By derivative rules, if you take the derivative of sum, you can take the derivative of e to the sum and separately. So we're gonna get x prime plus y prime in that calculation. On the right-hand side, we have some derivatives to calculate. What do you do with a y squared prime? Well, this is the key of implicit differentiation. That is to say, implicit differentiation is based upon the chain rule. If you're trying to take the derivative of y squared with respect to x, you might be like, I don't know how y is related to x. So I'm kind of trapped. But the chain rule is like, no, I actually can give you an escape. It seems kind of ironic, you know, the chains are usually used for confining people. But in calculus, the chain rule is actually quite liberating. When you take the derivative here, you're gonna take the derivative with respect to y, and then you take the derivative of y with respect to x with the understanding that the dy's would cancel out, given us the original expression. When you take the derivative of y squared with respect to y, by the power rule, you get a two y. But then you need that inner derivative, right? You get this dy over dx, which we just call y prime for short, times that by cosine of x. And then with the second term, the y squared here times the cosine of x prime, well, you're taking the derivative of cosine of x with respect to x. This is the calculations we've seen many times before. The derivative would be a negative sine of x. Don't forget the negative sign right there. And so the last things to consider here is that notice x prime, what's the prime notation mean again? It just means take the derivative with respect to x, dx over dx is a one. So we could write that as a one. The y primes, we just will leave them alone for now. And so in complete simplified form, the left hand side becomes cosine of x plus y times one plus y prime. The right hand side will look like two y, y prime, cosine of x plus, well, I should say minus, right? Bring out the negative sign there, y squared sine of x. And so now we've calculated all of these derivatives, right? So there's no more calculus here. That the rest of this problem is purely just going to be algebra. We need to solve for the y prime. Now, the nice thing here is that when you're calculating these derivatives implicitly, you will always get that with respect to y prime, it's a linear equation. That is the only y primes that show up are the first power and that's it. So we wanna solve for y prime. In order to do that, we should move all of the y primes to one side of the equation by addition or subtraction. So I'm gonna move this one to the left hand side by subtracting both sides, the expression two y, y prime, cosine of x. This is gonna give us cosine of x plus y times one plus y prime. Actually, now I think of it, I need to distribute that cosine here so I can free up the y prime. So let's do that, distribute it onto the one. There's gonna be a cosine of x plus y, but you'll also get a cosine of x plus y times y prime. Now we have a minus two y, y prime, cosine of x. And then on the right hand side, we have this negative y squared sine of x. So our goal was to get everyone who's a multiple of y prime on the left hand side and then exclude everyone else. So this cosine of x plus y needs to move to the right hand side. We'll do that by subtracting cosine of x plus y from both sides. So now on the left hand side, everyone should be a strict multiple of y prime. We have the cosine of x plus y times y prime. We have the negative two y, y prime, cosine of x. And then on the right hand side, we have this negative cosine of x plus y. We have this minus y squared sine of x. So we've gathered everyone on the right hand side who's not a multiple of y squared, y prime, I should say, excuse me. And so since everyone is a multiple of y prime on the left hand side, we can factor it out.  The right hand side just stays what it was a moment ago. I'm just gonna factor out the negative sign. Cosine of x plus y plus y squared sine of x. Like so. And so this expression, the cosine of x plus y minus two y cosine of x. You can think of this as the coefficient of the y prime. So if we divide both sides by said coefficient, we'll do exactly that. And that'll then leave y prime all by itself on the other side of the equation. Like so. So the left hand side now becomes y prime, which remember y prime is just an abbreviation for dy over dx, the derivative of y with respect to x. And so on the right hand side, we're gonna have this whole thing. Now to kind of avoid this extra minus sign, I'm actually gonna distribute the minus sign across the denominator here. Negative one's this curious number that multiplying by negative one is actually the same thing as dividing by negative one. So that's why you can kind of distribute the negative sign across the numerator or denominator. Just so I just clean it up a little bit. And so then the numerator will look like cosine of x plus y plus y squared sine of x. And then the denominator will look like to y cosine of x minus cosine of x plus y. And so now you can see that even with this, this implicit trigonometric equation between x and y, we were able to still calculate the derivative of the variable y with respect to x. And so if you've been following along with our lecture series, this does bring us to the end of lecture 24. The good news is in lecture 25, we're gonna continue our discussion of implicit differentiation with some more examples. You know, more challenging even than the one we see in this video right now. So take a look for that link if you wanna see some more examples. If you've learned anything from this video or other videos in this series, feel free to hit the like button and also feel free to subscribe if you wanna see more videos like this in the future. As always, if you have any questions whatsoever about things you see in these videos, feel free to post your questions in the comments and I'll gladly answer them at my soonest convenience. Bye everyone, have a great day.


So hello everyone, thank you for attending our call our our talk My name is Stefan Bunciak I'm a manager of quality engineering and in the middle-ware department along with me. There's a miracle Senior quality engineer also in the middle-ware department and we'll talk a little bit about testing IOT applications We'll walk through some of the challenges we faced in our research project and I'll do some of the more boring stuff. Let's say more generals general concepts and stuff and then we will talk about our Our proud our open source project But yeah, that will come later on so Let's get started When we talk about Internet of Things we generally think of something like this a lot of Sensors bunch of actuators Connected via gateway Sending sending data via that gateway to some data centers for processing and analytics decision-making and stuff like that, but During our let's say research and and our work We found out that the things are a little bit more complicated than this and we sort of Discovered what more of the IOT let's say architectures and find great topologies of IOT applications And stuff like that. So, yeah, you will see that in the in the following slides But even with this Let's say a little bit simplified Simplified topology of IOT application or ROT system you can you can already see that There can be a lot of a lot of challenges so when you want to comprehensively test such such distributed system, right? First of all, there's the environment itself, right? There's a there's a lot of Network topology and a lot of network protocols in play. There's a You need to take into account that the network is sometimes Limited in its bandwidth and stuff like that. It's not like perfect conditions in your in your data center There is a lot of different technology stacks different devices and stuff like that Then there is also the speed of performance, right? when you have Let's say hundreds or thousands of sensors generating data It's a huge load for the for the IOT system to actually Process and and work with it. So that's one important aspect or one important challenge And then you need to take into account Then there's the thing of the integration itself, right? You have a big distributed system Sometimes very very resort demanding to deploy or to actually Sometimes put together, right? You have the you have the sensors you have the actuators of various types You have the gateways you have the Business logic in there you have the analytics parts and you need to basically spin it up Everything at once in order to comprehensively test it. So it's not just Testing the small part, but you need to take into account the whole picture so that the IOT system works as design as you want and One of the last things that we observed is that there's a huge let's say Almost let's say unlimited even and it's kind of the of the data and the data inputs that the System needs to process and and work with right so Coming from the coming from the sensors. So Ideally you would somehow create only a only a subset of these data to Put into the to put into the IOT application for testing so that it travels all the all the important aspects of the application but not not like test every single possible input because that would of course create a huge amount of test runs and Texas test executions required for comprehensive testing so With these challenges in mind We teamed up with our university partners from Czech University We put some thought into it and put together a project proposal titled quality assurance system for Internet of Things and submitted to Czech Agency of Technology for for support our project got accepted and the work basically kicked off in 2017 And The let's say it consists of two two important aspects of it Methodological part and and the technical part as you as you can imagine the technical part is handled mostly by the redhead engineers and the methodology part is Taking care of by the by the university people so Our journey began at the at the very At the very beginning of the project We basically had to have to define what the what the IOT system or IOT application Basically is how does it look like what are the important topologies we need to have in mind what are the protocols what are the Deployments use what are the technology stacks that that are being used in the in the industry How does it all work together? You know how to even How to even test such such a distributed and heterogeneous environments? So there were there were a lot of a lot of questions in the in the beginning Let's say Yeah, one of them being also how to how to effectively effectively automate such testing, right? at the end if you are developing a distributed out of the system you want it to be automated and and Run all the tests and ideally in a some sort of continuous integration Environment, right? You don't want to run the tests in a manual fashion. So there was a lot of a lot of questions We had we had to answer before some some real work could even begin So we basically started with the with the question of how the typical IOT system or IOT application look like What are the topologies? And we basically came up came up with five of those very different ones And Mirac will walk you walk you through all of them in a little bit more detail. So So as the fan said it started As a question, what is the IOT application? So we went to the papers, right? we start digging digging and after hundreds of hours and searching from Reading hundreds of papers. We found out that we can categorize the Last majority of the architectures into five different categories. So first one and that's the most common one as you know it Is the gateway centric? Application or deployment that's the deployment. You probably knew no from your house In a way that you have some gateway deployed and then all the Is it better now can you hear me still all right So this is the application you probably know the best because that's the kind of application you can have in your house You do have some single Gateway where all the amenities all the things that you have in your house are connected to which collects the data and Then you somehow interact with the gateway in a way like okay When I want to open my window, I will just click in my application at home and do Window will open something like that. So pretty Simple application pretty easy to test even but then there are different like the distribute in mesh That's a there's a kind of application that is really similar to the microservice architecture as you know it now so a lot of different things that are sending data all over the place and Communicating among themselves like one actuator knows that it has to listen to different sensor and when Message emerges it will react somehow Next slide please Then there is a connected internet of things. This is something More related to the industry way how the internet things Works there like if you are in some I believe the correct Abbreviation is IIo T industrial IOT Is handled so you have different Parts of your I don't know factory has a different separated Networks that are Mostly single purpose and then they communicate via some gateway together and they interact Together and Then there is the last part and that's a collaborative IOT application. This is the architecture. This is the architecture that is used mostly in the Biggest larger scale deployments like Like smart cities etc. So you do have a separate part separate gateways That are somehow interconnected Let's say one gateway is collecting data from I don't know the traffic control Stuff another gateway is getting from I don't know the I see part like from the From the police etc. And then they communicate somehow on a larger level like between the gateways And there's some user who tries to collect all the data together and combine them Then next slide please then there is a last architecture and that will be the wireless sensor network, which is somehow Out of the scope but also in the scope because this is more related to the technology than to the architecture itself because you can't see the wireless sensor as some part of just one network and Or maybe as even as a single device If you would if you would look at it It's a single device that provides you data from the whole network, but it has to be in mind as well for the property sign So yeah, that is all okay, so With these let's say first questions answered like what would the IOT application or IOT architectures look like We wanted to address the challenges outlined in the previous slides So the first the first and most important is the heterogeneous environment, so we we knew that we would need something that would Simulate the networks simulate the various kinds of networks to various topologies that we would also need something that would emulate the devices the actuators and and simulators and And at the same time it would support The emulated devices to be configured in a way that we we wanted to behave like like so we can actually Tell them hey, you're going to be a temperature sensor and you will behave like like no more than normal day in in a Boston let's say but At some point we need to be able to tell him like hey I don't know an earthquake arises So it needs to start behaving a bit differently for a short period of time so With with these features in mind We need it we need it we need to start implementing Features like this then there's the matter of performance again, the ideal thing would be to Take an existing tool right and and integrate with it So we do not reinvent the wheel so We picked up the perfect tool Because it's developed developed by our colleagues at the Red Hat in Brno. So there was our obvious choice Then there is the matter of integration and into a scenario. Let's say Again, we wanted to take a de facto standard and in this case. It was the journey to framework So again, we do not even reinvent the wheel only build build upon that's already in the world out there and last challenge we outlined was the Huge amount of data variants and configurations of the system That's something that our university partners has experienced with so we basically built upon their knowledge upon their experience and and expertise and Our colleagues came up with a tool named oxygen And Let's say the research research guys the university put a lot of a lot of thoughts and a lot of Expertise in implementing mathematical knowledge and stuff like that Theory of testing and stuff like that into implementation of this tool It's a it's a model-based tool for Generating test cases in an automated fashion where you basically where you basically Put into the tool the entities the relations between entities and the operations model it via you and my activity diagram and will automatically generate the test cases that would Test the system comprehensively, but in a most efficient way that you don't need to don't need to Work with all the possible inputs, but only with a subset of it In case you are more interested in it Feel free to grab the bits and and contact the contact the university people because it's mostly being worked on on it by the by the University University researchers and professors Not really our our domain. What is our domain though is the automated testing framework? Via this one We want to address all the remaining challenges in in I've been testing First of all We had to put in place some of the some of let's say Hard-stop requirements first of all, of course they had to be open source, right? The second one is that we wanted to build as I mentioned on a on a de facto standard technologies that in our case was the unit 5 Then the most important features, let's say which were the Simulators and generators network simulations and and data generators so that we can automate Network deployment automate the data generation to properly test the IOT application And the last one it was that it had to be see a compliant so that we can look it up to a See I to like Jenkins or or travels Travis. So yeah with these additional requirements in mind We went on and wanted to design the system As you can see we also put a lot of thought into it So it ended up like like this one Not something you would call a simple diagram, but as you will see later on Fortunately, it's turned out to be a bit more simple But yeah, this was the first first design we came up with and and Deliver to the check agency of technology. It's part of our final report in the first year So yeah, I just might add if you go back one slide that The colors are there for reason because for every single component you can see there There was a different diagram that The defined interactions more comprehensively and so This was basically a high-level day So, yeah, nevertheless Even with this system design in place We were very brave and went to the implementation phase And basically set up open source project call Patriot and Mirac will tell you Walk you through some of the some of the details of our proud open source project Okay, so about the Patriot So as we said, we started with the architecture. It's a market lecture and we have the design You saw on the slide before So the goal of the Patriot is to give you some tool some framework that will allow you to build up a Testing solution that will enable you to Simulate somehow the network or the network topology that is going to be used by your application emulate the behavior of the Different kinds of data providers like are the sensors or to emulate the behavior of actuators that you are going to have Deployed in the real application. The reason why we are simulating this is a simple to have this Kind of testbed ready That's really expensive and the tests are hardly Repeatable, etc. Because basically you will end up with some Technological some physical Demonstration where you will have to have Human who will look over it write down the results of the test cases and then you can measure them So that's why we and we started with the simulations, etc Of course, it has some disinvented disadvantages like you can't test the itself But you can test its integrations if you have its mathematical properties Yeah, so we ended up with five corner stones the component for network simulation component for And the data emulation or data generation test runner for the integration testing which will allow you to Do the integration testing itself in a most simple way Some extensions for reporting and metrics because in this scenarios The basic ones like only plain X units, etc. Are not Sufficient for you because you are dealing with distributed environment and components for integration with some performance tool Because we need to test that as well. So as you can see we pretty narrow it down In a way how to design it so we ended up with three basic components, of course That's a work in progress, right? So in in some next release it will grow but right now we ended up only with three components and we are happy enough But all the interactions that were defined are there somehow hidden, right so We do have the free basic stuff Of course, there will be the performance in next release that will be somehow connected to it, etc and also the simulator part will probably Divide also to more providers than there are now Next slide please So the framework base framework base. So we started with JUnit 5. Why JUnit 5? Well, because for the testing You don't want to use some low-level language in general because if you if you would start with something like C and We would try to build a A comprehensive system for testing and you would end up with Framework that will test your application, but after you have written something like thousands of lines of code To write single testing methods, right? So and why why why Java and JUnit 5? Because JUnit 5 is pretty new technology which is highly customizable and And extensible and we know it the best, right? So that was the second reason So The base defines the APIs for interactions. So it defines the API for the network simulation In case you would need to extend it for your specific Model or something like that it defa it extends the basic properties of JUnit because JUnit itself is still unit testing framework So there are stuff like random random orders, etc. But even the JUnit Developers are extending it so you can do some stuff with it and we are doing some stuff with it as well so we extended the properties to add some things like skipping the test execution When another test failed for instance You don't want to test your function For the division if it failed on a single scenario, right? But you have to think of it in a more complex way in a bigger system So that's why we added this or break points Okay, I started this test, but if this test failed, we don't need to continue So that kind of thing then there is a single management place called Patriot Hub Which contains all the things created by the framework to allow you to manage it. So let's say you want to In between the test you want to set up some environment change like okay right now Part or segment of network will fail It will be disconnected. You can do it while it Connect to it set you are disconnected and it will happen and then you can resume your testing and test it What is going to happen in your environment? And it is the start point of the framework to operate so Other parts of the framework will be basically I'm more probably useless to you without this Next slide please. Okay, so the network simulation. I would say this is the biggest part of the Patriot framework itself So it provides you to link to emulate and where to are and deploy your application to define the topology of your network application like Spawning up several networks and several network segments and then deploying specific applications Or a specific part of application into it It does have the full control over the network, so at any point of the test run or In a before phase after phase anywhere you can say something like okay right now You are changing your IP address or you are going to behave Maliciously somehow like okay right now. We are going to send only 50% of packets So like that you can this is the thing that will allow you Right now it's completely It's using only docker. Why docker because we need we needed to have some easy to use environment for proof of concept and The place how to even define the API so what do we really need to have in common to Get to work in state But currently we are starting we are working on another I will get to it later But we are working on other runtime as well Okay, next slide please so this is This is somehow Capture of how the network simulation operates so the test runner itself or test runner all the automation around this runner can Create a simulated environment in a way that it will create several networks In order to it's pretty simple. That's another reason why we use that and then it can deploy the applications in this case look at this Square or rectangle. I didn't put some labor to it as a single container How we operate is to every single container that is running in the simulated environment We add a simple thin layer of abstraction to it That's our part. That's our API which allows us to connect to it and somehow modify its behavior We can do it either Why setting up the network interface the virtual network interface itself or why are the IP tables which are there present as well And then there is a second part, which is router the router itself you can imagine it as a normal L3 router so it's a it's a Container that is connected to both networks and has the routing table that allows to forward the packets from one to another via this via this Control interfaces you can then set Things like okay. I am completely disconnecting my application from the internet. What is going to happen? I'm going to Disconnecting the single application or you can tell to your router. Okay, you are not rooting this application anymore and in case you would test something like I Don't know Of the information via different route. So that's it how the network simulation operates And then there is the data simulator. So for the data simulator our initial thought was to create some Simple tool that would behave like a Lego if you know it I'm not sure if I can say Lego if it's a train mark, but Please don't tell on me So we thought Or our thought was to create something that would Easily enable you to build your solution as you want the base of the Network simulation is some mathematical property of your device for instance when you would be simulating a thermometer There are mathematical functions that defines how the temperature behaves during the day our The our data simulator then incorporates mathematical library that will allow you to in combination with Some random data generator Combine it with your mathematical property and for instance by the distribution function define what data will be sent out So this is the first place how to get there How to get the data that or Seat for the data that will modify the behavior of the generator Then there is a second part Which which describes where you can describe how the Data which are typically some number some double or something like that are transformed into some meaningful Number like for instance if you would go with a Thermometer your mathematical function will only define the The increments or decrements of the value itself But it will not Set the zero So then you have one single transformation In the in the input is some double. I want to transform it into the real The real temperature so then I have to apply some modification to it and then there is last part how to how to Transform these data into something that is transferable over the internet. So Wrapping up home solution into Let's say MQTT message and send it out or into a rest call or into a co-op call something like that Okay, so those were the three Constants of the application What's next for the 2.0 release? The Patriot So as I said this What we have done right now is basically more of a POC than a production ready solution We are aiming that our 2.0 by the end of this month and we should Provide or we will find some better In the parts of framework for integration testing what we have right now in mind is More support for all the execution In a way that you could describe The dependencies between the test classes and test cases as a tree for instance you for instance one of the things we are going to implement is Label or annotation after test after not after test after That will allow you to say to a test class that it should be or it has to be executed after a different test class is done And things like that Second next thing provide better integration of the framework parts framework parts right now It works together, but we don't have any support for simple usage So yeah, you can use the network simulator and the j-unit extensions and the data generator But right now it doesn't basically know about They basically doesn't know about themselves We want to add some layer of abstraction over it in order to make it work more together Next thing since the reporting and monitoring is really Highlighted feature that is expected from us by other By potential end users, we are going to add some preconfigured Kibana That will be connected to the elastic search for the collected metrics so you can see the metrics of the Execution itself and the last thing first cooperation between Between the rest of framework and perfect is expected for the truth. Oh Okay And more plans like comprehensive demo which we do not have so you won't see it in action unfortunately We also want to extend the network simulation itself first of all to spend over more docker hosts right now We are able to operate only over one docker house. We will want to make it more like Cluster for testing also we want to add some things like cooperation with the hypervisors for instance KVM in order to start and to manage virtual machines either as a single segment of a network or only as a one application and We want to introduce open open tracing into the framework in order to provide the data from the run itself. So Whenever for instance application itself is over open tracing or system on this is over a full-time tracing We could add our data to it and then the debugging would be even more simple and the last thing Is the description of a city in demo file. So away how we could describe what is going to be deployed and how The demo because it's cool, right? So yeah, we do have the definition of data generators already We are right now working on the definition of the simulated environment but we want to wait with the definition of the simulated environment to the Other parts of the of the framework like the connection to different providers, etc And that's probably all from my side. Yeah Yeah, that was the plans of Patriot project itself, but It plays a role in a let's say a bigger project that started in July 2017 and should finish in By the end of the 2020 We are currently in the in the phase when we have a POC ready as Mirick mentioned and still still in the in the process of completing the required features, let's say We should be completed by the end of this year And we are already in discussions with potential users in in Czech Republic both from the methodology perspective and Patriot framework itself, so that's something that weighs us next year this pilot testing or pilot pilot usage In in a customer and real environments And of course bug fixing and stuff like that and we will evaluate the project itself and in the in the 2020 hopefully it will be a successful one. So that's that's from the project timeline In case you have any questions feel free to feel free to ask Or you can reach out to us later Either via email or visit our web page or fork our github repo and yeah pull requests are very welcome In case you have Interested in testing out the application. So yeah, thank you very much for your attention And if there are any questions You can ask them now System under test


Good morning world, welcome back to our circumnavigation around the globe by motorcycle. We're here in a field of yaks at Serkin Sagan lake in Mongolia and we're just going to take a walk this morning down to the lake to go and check out the view. Yes, we're at a beautiful night sleeping in a gear, a traditional house here in Mongolia. It was actually a little bit cold in the night. Yeah, I made a bit of a mistake before we went to bed.  We're just going to get that cranking. We're going to blast it up and then we're going to be toasty the whole night. But it didn't turn out like that. What happened was we were absolutely boiling hot for an hour, sweating. We had to take off all of our clothes about two hours later.  It was a pretty rough night after that, actually, because it was just freezing cold and we had no more firewood. So as well, I can feel a little bit my back because we didn't sleep on mattresses. It was just a really hard metal bed, actually. Yeah, so probably not as comfortable even than the tent, to be honest. But have a look at this amazing lake. Pretty awesome views. Yeah, we're getting a bit further north into Mongolia now. So we're entering like the more lakes and mountain region. So I think it's going to be a spectacular ride today. So let me show you guys the route. OK, so after four days riding in Mongolia, we are now here. And today we are going to be continuing on this road around past Teltenur Lake coming up here and finishing the day somewhere in this area. Good morning, Bambi. Look, we had to reposition our bumblebee snow here. Be kind. And this is our home. Come in. One, two, three, four, five, five beds, five of the hardest beds in the world. Yeah, check that out. So this was the blanket and then there's one sort of really thin layer and then like a really thin mattress. And then it's just wooden floor. I can tell you our bodies are not used to it. Especially when we want to lay on the side, it's like really uncomfortable. But otherwise it was super cozy and I really, really love the design. Yeah, the decoration on these gears are so, so beautiful. The way that they've hand painted every single one of these slats. Yeah, it's really cozy. So we have about five hours to ride today. At least we don't know exactly where we're going to end up tonight or where we're going to sleep tonight. But we have still to pick up everything and it's already 10 30 years. So better hit the road. Let's go. Language is actually Russian minus Mongolian. Oh, OK. Oh, wow. So actually you speak English together. Oh, that's nice. So they speak English really well. Wow, Russian, Mongolian and English. That's amazing. We visited Russia just now. Yeah, we arrived from Korea to Vladivostok, to Ulano Dei and then Ulambatar. And now we go Altai back to Russia and then Kazakhstan. Ulambatar. Nice. Very cool. You guys have a wonderful day. OK. Yeah, OK. Yes, of course. Minecraft's an amazing game. They have the axe as well. Yeah, yeah, yeah, they do, right? This is like Minecraft real life here. Look at this. OK. See you guys. Thank you. Good morning. The little kids wouldn't let me go. It's nice, hey? Have you nailed the jumping on the bike yet? No, I haven't because our punnies here, they are higher than the previous ones. Yeah, I have to change my technique. Yeah, OK, got a bit of a crazy hill to start. There's no traffic. OK. Here we go up the hill. Nice. Nice. Man, I love the Mongolian people, really. They're so friendly and always way bigger, really kind, really kind people. But as well, it's so funny because this morning, the owner, she just came into our room without knocking, without saying anything. Just walked in and started to light the fire again. I was in bed with my sleeping mask on.  Do what you want. I think their sense of privacy is different because, of course, they're living all together, always in their care as a family. And they're coming in and out however they want. Yeah, that's that's really funny, really funny. Not even a knock, hey? So here it is, Turkin Sagan Lake. It's actually a national park, this lake. And it's one of many massive lakes here in the northern part of Mongolia. And it's just so impressive if you see all this grassland here and all this grassland is actually cut by livestock. You know, they don't have lawnmowers here. Yeah, that is pretty incredible, hey? You've got millions of square kilometers of grass. Everything is being chewed by all of the 70 million livestock that are here in the country. Crazy man. It's like the world's most efficient lawn mowing service. It is a spectacular view for the morning and a spectacular ride. Yeah, incredible. I can already feel that today is going to be a really nice ride. Yeah. So we've hit a part of road, which is not yet complete. Mongolia at the moment is in the process of just crazy road building. Apparently, according to some local people, the Chinese companies have been here building during Covid. Like just building, building, building. Oh, my Lord. Corrigation. Wow. Whoa. OK, wait a second. Oh, my God. It reminds me on Argentina. Incredibly rough as well. Wow. It's really annoying, actually. Yeah. That was crazy, hey? Yeah. And the beautiful yaks. Wow. I love yaks. A little baby fluffy yaks. No way. This is absolutely crazy. But this is all frozen. Well, I thought it was pretty cold here, hey? We must have come quite high up into the mountains. That's absolutely crazy. OK, wait, wait. I'm going to go down and have a look. Don't worry. I'm wearing a helmet. Wow, no way. That is absolutely crazy. Look down here. It's like a mini crevasse. So there's actually still a river running underneath me right now. That is so cool. Wow. There's the stream. And you can still see the massive chunks of ice. Wow. That's so cool. One of these Russian vans. 34,999.9. We just hit 35,000 miles on the road. What a spectacular spot for a lunch break. Look at this view. And you can see big herd of sheep and goats over there. Some gears, some more gears. And a beautiful stream running through the whole valley. Yeah, I think it's the perfect place to have some sandwiches, hey? Yeah, like a painting. More girly and discovery channel. So what have we got for lunch? Whoa, look at those. So egg, cheese. Oh, isn't that the same as yesterday? And the day before. Thank you, sweetheart. Whoa, here we go. Down through the rocks. And another spectacular valley. Come on, Mongolia.  I'm saturated. No, seriously, it's so spectacular here. So spectacular. The surroundings are just mind-blowing. And then in between, you see like this really majestic people on horses, you know? It's just, yeah, wow. Well, we knew it was going to come eventually today. But it looks like the rain is coming from all sides. Dark clouds on this side. Dark clouds on this side. I think it's time for us to disconnect the GoPro Media Mod and just make sure everything is nicely waterproofed up because, yeah, it looks like we're going to get wet. Thank you. Hello. Ah, yes, here we go. Thank you. Good, okay. Okay. Thank you. Pied apple juice. Four and a half litres of water. It's so miserable outside. It's raining nonstop. And it's freezing cold. And I'm just freezing. But we stopped here on the side of the road in a really, really, really nice, clean place. Oh my God. It's so beautiful here. Look at this painting. And we just ordered two coffees. My fingers are freezing. So there's a town coming up in one hour called Soguino. I think we are just going to find ourselves like an accommodation and not camp for tonight. Okay. Let's find out what the price is. A few moments later. Okay, so their gears are 150,000 for the night and their rooms are 200,000, which is over our budget. So we're going to head a little bit further along the road and see if we can find another gear camp along the way. Where are you traveling from? England and Germany. Oh wow, that's cool. How long have you been traveling? For one and a half years. Oh wow, where did you start? We started in England. Now we're riding across Asia, back to England. Oh wow. We are... What a laundry. Yeah, a long journey. I'm trying to find a card for you for our YouTube channel. Oh really? Yeah, yeah. Where do you live? I live in Melbourne. In Melbourne? Nice. It's been rainy since yesterday. It's just too much rain, yeah. I want to sit by the fire and warm up. Okay. Okay, let's go. Okay, so this gear camp is only 80,000 for a gear for the night, which is about 20 pounds. So that would be perfect for us tonight. And we asked if they had firewood and they do. So I'm really excited about that because I'm still pretty cold. Oh my God. Look how deep sand this was. So what's going on in here then? Oh, hello. Oh, thank you. Hello. Hey, Lavi, you didn't warn me about the sand. Did you drop the bike? No, okay. This is very beautiful. Pretty cool. Noodles with meat. Yeah. I think we can have it. Shall we? Yeah. Which meat? Sheep. Sheep. It's sheep. Sheep meat. Sheep meat. Okay. Okay, thank you.  Very good. Because outside raining. No good. Amazing. Oh my God. Lavi, come outside. Come outside. Have a look at the eagles. Wow. But these are many birds. No, no. No, no. Bahirsa. So? Bahirsa. Yeah. Bahirsa. Yeah. Yes. Yes. Bravo. Bahirsa. Thank you. Bahirsa. Bahirsa. Bahirsa. This actually looks really good. Okay, after a long ride in the rain, in the cold, I couldn't say no to a nice hot meal. It's not very vegetarian, but at this point I don't mind. Plus, this sheep was, without a doubt, living the best sheep life possible out in the open fields. So, I'm going to go for it. Sorry, Mr. Sheep. Let's see how it is. No, I still don't like soup. Meat? Oh, it's a smell. Yeah, it's like milky. Okay, thank you. Yeah, it's good. It's like a broth soup. Thank you. So, the guys just translated that it's sheep tail melted butter. Like sheep fat in there as well. A very sheepy tea. It's not too bad. Five minutes late, Dale. Okay, I think that's about as much sheep as I can take for one day. Me too. Anyway, we will put it in our Tupperware and have it tomorrow for lunch. That was nice, but I am a little bit put off by the bits of sheep's tail floating in it, but it's okay. But how incredible is it? Because I had no idea that a grown sheep has a big tail like that. Yeah. And when I saw this today, I was like, oh my God, that's insane. And apparently it goes well with tea. Yeah, wow, that was a really hectic day today. Half really beautiful and warm. And then the other half just very, very rainy and very cold, but the landscape was dramatic and beautiful. Like, oh my God, it's super, super nice here in Mongolia. And that's it from us today. We hope you enjoyed the video. If so, please give us a thumbs up. Subscribe to the channel. Share the video with your friends and family. Comment below. And we will see you next time. Another night in the gear. This has to be the hardest bed in history, seriously. This is very unforgiving, this bed. Well, have a good night then, hey. I know the best position. This is probably the most comfortable position.


Hello and welcome to another episode of the Private Property Home Shopper Show. We are back in Johannesburg and not just anywhere in Johannesburg, we are here in Benmore, one of its most affluent areas, just a stone's throw away from Santon at a luxury four-story mansion. Now this home has got so many incredible features and I want you to come along with me and let's take a look at them.


Hi and welcome to the session, I am Deepika here. Let's discuss the question by using properties of determinants, show that determinant a square plus 1 a v a c, a v b square plus 1 v c, c a c v c square plus 1 is equal to 1 plus a square plus b square plus c square. Let's start the solution. We have on the left hand side a square plus 1 a v a c, a v b square plus 1 v c, c a c v c square plus 1. By applying c 1 goes to a c 1, c 2 goes to b c 2 and c 3 goes to c c 3. We get our left hand side is equal to 1 over a b c into a into a square plus 1 a square v a square plus 1. c a square a b square b into b square plus 1 c b square a c square b c square and c into c q c square plus 1. Because we know that if delta 1 is a determinant obtained by applying c i to k c i to the determinant delta then delta 1 is equal to k delta or delta is equal to 1 by k delta 1. So, we get our left hand side is equal to 1 over a b c into a into a square plus 1 a square v c a square a b square b into b square plus 1 c b square a c square b c square c into c square plus 1. I hope this point is clear to you now. We can take common a b c from r 1, r 2, r 3 respectively. So, by taking out a b c common from r 1, r 2, r 3 respectively we get our left hand side is equal to a b c upon a b c into in r 1 we have taken out a. So, this is a square plus 1 b square c square and from r 2 we have taken b as a common factor. So, this is a square b square plus 1 c square and r 3 is our a square b square c square plus 1. Now, on cancellation we get our left hand side is equal to a square plus 1 b square c square a square b square plus 1 c square a square b square c square plus 1. By applying c 1 goes to c 1 plus c 2 plus c 3 we get our given determinant is equal to or left hand side is equal to a square plus 1 plus b square plus c square that is 1 plus a square plus b square plus c square 1 plus a square plus b square plus c square. Again we get same 1 plus a square plus b square plus c square and c 2 is as it is b square b square plus 1 b square c square c square and c square plus 1. Clearly we can take 1 plus a square plus b square plus c square common factor from c 1. So, we get this is equal to 1 plus a square plus b square plus c square 1 1 1 b square b square plus 1 b square c square c square c square plus 1.   Again r 2 is as it is 1 b square plus 1 c square 1 b square c square plus 1. This is equal to 1 plus a square plus b square plus c square into minus of minus 1 into 1 c square 1 c square plus 1 by expanding along r 1. This is equal to 1 plus a square plus b square plus c square into c square plus 1 minus c square this is equal to 1 plus a square plus b square plus c square. In the question we have to prove our left hand side is equal to 1 plus a square plus b square plus c square so it means this is our right hand side. Hence left hand side is equal to right hand side hence proved. I hope the question is clear to you. Bye and have a nice day.


What's that? Garcia? There's still guys out there. How is this thing? I called Sanders on the radio. Sanders, come in. This is Kapaki. It's a thousand times. Bullets aren't stopping this thing. Sanders, this is Kapaki. Come in. I get a line. I'm putting out both of its eyes. It doesn't even have eyes. Been hurting his shots in a while. Who are the last ones? Then it's up to us. What are you doing? Lower the gun. What? Crazy? Hey, hey. Don't be on me now. When that thing comes out of the streets, I don't want to be the only one firing. You want it getting over the hill? You want it strong down Fremont Street? No. Then pick up your weapon. This thing rips me apart so beat it. I'll be firing until I'm halfway down. It's goddamn throat. They tried that. What? They tried shooting it, and the result is everyone is dead. Come on, man. We need a different strategy.  Pick up your weapon. Come on, man.   We're only angry like that, dude. Don't you get it? We're making our stand right here.  You hear me? Look, we're dead either way. At least this way we try something different. Come on, man. Snap out of it. No. Every time you aim at a threat to it, you're dead like that, man. You're gonna get us killed. Drop the weapon. Drop the weapon. You're gonna get us killed.


If I can be like vulnerable for a second, it's so great to spend time with someone who wants to really know who I am. People in this town are so self-absorbed, vapid, uncultured too. They don't know the first thing about Star Wars, the extended universe, the prequel books or any of that stuff.  Of course. I always like learning more about you. What's your favorite thing about me? My favorite thing about you is that whenever I mention flowers, you go and buy me some from Linda's flower shop. Well, yeah, I was just buying a pretty good sunflower. It's a strong correlation. I think it's your favorite thing to do. I mean, I did it once.  Why do we keep going here? Why do I keep eating it? Question, do you like commercials with dog food or do you like commercials with auto repair? Um, probably dog food.  You like dog food and pets. I had a parakeet once, I think. I hear Bone Corner is having a sale on dog bones. Wait, wait, wait, bones for dogs or bones from dogs? I think you should go to Bone Corner. You'd be much happier if you got some dog bones.  Uh, hey, did you? Eyes over here, buddy. Eyes over here, buddy. Eyes over here, buddy. Eyes over here, buddy. Eyes over here, buddy. Five minute break starting now. Hey, buddy. How was date night? Oh, it was good. Um, you know, Nicole's been a little weird lately. I don't know, maybe I'm just guarded, but, you know, people around here are just hard to connect to. Well, I hope you connect with one of those delicious Burger Boy Buster Burgers. Dude, that place is just awful. I don't know why everyone wants to go there all the time.  Leaving where? I never really thought of myself as staying in the same place forever. Me neither. I go from my house to Burger Boy to work to Burger Boy and then back home again. You go to Burger Boy twice a day? Four times. I get the double bus special every time I go. That's impressive. Honestly. What's wrong with being in the same place forever? You can get comfy, buy a couch, lay down on it. It's great. Yeah. I guess so. Great move. Eyes over here, buddy. Eyes over here, buddy. Eyes over here, buddy. So this isn't gonna hurt, right? Not at all? Um, when I'm in there, could I go surfing? Sure. Electrodes. Could I have a sexy wife? You could have a sexy, whatever you want. Could I have a sexy dog? Sorry. Just trying to shake my nerves. Don't worry. You'll have forever to figure that out. Well- Server online. I won't have forever, right? It'll be more like- Ready? Actually, could you fix my hairline before I go in? It's- Come on down for a two-for-one deal of unlimited salad and breadsticks. Only available at Pasta Palace. Hey, Phil. What's going on, old buddy? What did you do before this? I woke up.  About- Sorry. I mean, what job did you do before this one? Gosh, it's been so long. I don't think I had a job before this one. Always been this way. What was your favorite thing to do as a kid? I always loved watching funny videos. They say to do what you love and you never have to work a day in your life. Did you spend a lot of time with your parents? Who? Mom? Dad? Not sure what you're saying, buddy. You seem stressed out. Maybe a pork crunch will calm you down. All right. That's it. Hey, man. You should really take the cruncher. Hey, everybody. Whoa. Uh, hi. So- Due to budget cuts, we are instituting layoffs. We hope that you can use your time off to relax. We are doing this for you. Sky News now. Who turned that on? Daily Financial News.  Leifr. It's been a year. It's been a year. View numbers to generate ad revenue. Oh, 30 bucks? Despite controversy, Leifr recently raised $35 billion. Hello. Leifr support. Hey, yeah. So you guys just charged me 30 bucks and you didn't tell me. So I want to refund. I'm sorry, sir. Leifr CEO has promised it can continue providing immortality to its clients despite the layoffs. How am I supposed to- How am I supposed to live forever if your company can't even survive the quarter? 30 bucks. All right, sir. We're all set up to refund the charges. I'm just going to need you to go into the Leifr My Forever Life web portal and confirm that you want to delete your account. My boss would really like it if you took this quick one out. Sure.  You know, we have a complaint box. We take feedback very seriously. Where did they go? Phil and the others. Wherever they want to go. It's a free market. You know what I mean. He's dead or worse. I know it. Star beans. Look, layoffs are hard. My bonus is also at risk. So I empathize. Am I next? Are you going to just erase me? Are you going to keep pulling little stunts? Why did you do that? Things have felt different lately. I feel like there's something- something I'm missing. We have worked very hard to build a good life for you. We've calibrated everything for you, specifically. What could be missing? If it's all for me, is it real? Did you calibrate it all for Phil just to get rid of him? Was he real? I'm looking at his file right now. Male, early 30s, eight fast food, played action movie, video games, wanted to start a family, judging by his many searches for Star Wars baby names. Sounds as real as you are. There's more to him than that. There's more to me than that. Howdy! I'm Life for Larry. Hi, Life for Larry. Whoops! It looks like you're making a terrible mistake. Please confirm, via voice, that you do, in fact, want to forego your one-shot at immortality and succumb to finite existence. You have chosen to spit at your rightful inheritance's man.  Yes. Do you want to erase your mother? Yes. Do you want to erase your father? Your first favorite book? The biggest dog you ever seen? No. No. No. No. No. No. No. The biggest dog you ever seen? Refund. I'd have mercy on your soul. I'm done with this. You can think what you want about me, but the only thing that matters is who I think I am. And you can't control that. I quit. No, you don't. I just did. You didn't quit. If you had quit, it would say so, in your file. Just because it's not written down doesn't mean it didn't happen. No. I don't see your... Due to budget cuts we are instituting layoffs. We hope that you can use your time off to rematch. Quick, quick, quick. Cool. It's not safe. You gotta... Sure. Get out of here. Why? Don't you see? They're getting rid of everybody. Come on. We have to... You seem upset. I'm really scared. I don't want to go away like them. I don't want you to go away. I won't go away. I can't go away until I tell you. Tell me what? There's a two for one deal at Pasta Palace. Unlimited pasta and breadsticks. I thought we could go. I saw some nice flowers on the way over here. They reminded me of the ones you got. What is that? Hey, down here. Hey, down here. Can you see me? Yeah, and I can hear you. It's me. You. Uh, hey. Can you get me out of here? Everything's gone. Uh, I don't think I can. You're kind of part of it. Part of what? I don't know. Some server, something I'm paying for. Whatever. I'm just trying to get a refund. So... This was all... My whole life was... Oh, God. They didn't tell you? That's messed up, man. It's corporations. How much? How much do you pay for me? About, like, 30 bucks a month. 30 bucks? Well, until now you were a... Free trial.  Oh, nothing. Come on.     Well, I mean, okay, you're not really alive. What was the whole point of it?  And for what? So you could just delete me with 30 bucks? Man, I just wanted to live forever. Everyone said, oh, it's so cool. Next step in human evolution, and now I'm the bad guy for pushing the boundaries of knowledge. You know what? I'm sorry. Wait, wait, wait, please. Can you tell Dad that I love him?  He did? Well, he's alive in here. They haven't deleted him yet. Never did get a chance to say goodbye. I mean, I could text him. Here, do you want to say anything to him? Sure. Tell him that I hope he's doing well out there, and I hope he's found a good spot to canoe. And I'll be joining him on the river someday. He says, uh, just had burger boy. Yum. Bye.   Just per month. Hey, man, what's up? Oh, yeah, the new Star Wars show, right? Oh, for sure. Yeah, I'll be right over. I was just going to get some food. Do you want any burger boy?


Hello everyone, I am Narc Survivor, welcome to my YouTube channel. Before I begin please hit that thumbs up button down below to show your support and if you would like to book a one-on-one coaching session with me, you can go to my website, it is narcsurvivor.co.uk. This is behind the narcissist mask. On the surface narcissists seem confident as though they know how to behave professionally. They can appear charming and articulate when this is actually all a lie. It's a deceptive outward appearance. It's something they've learned from television, movies or other people.  You've already seen what's beneath the mask, it's that cruel vindictive side of them. That causes pain and suffering to you while feeling no concern about it. That's who they really are. But there is also more to this than meets the eye. Narcissists have a false image and this is what most people see. They're decepticons and they have fooled many people because they know how to promote and represent themselves as being polished and refined. When this is just a false image, it's a fake personality which they have concocted from studying other people, whether they're celebrities or people in their lives. They've taken their most desirable qualities and traits and constructed an image which is ideal for them. When the true them is actually rough and ready, they're unsophisticated and unrefined, they're streetwise to where they may possess skills and attitudes that are necessary for them to survive in difficult or dangerous situations or environments. Which is how they always seem to have the upper hand over you. Because they adapted to a hostile environment and childhood. While you had a sheltered upbringing, you were overprotected by your parents. So you didn't experience too many difficult or unpleasant experiences. But this also prevented you from experiencing life and from learning to cope with problems. To where you may be overtrusting and naive. But you may also struggle with anxiety because your parents may have led you to believe that danger lurks around every corner. To where you're now constantly freaking out about the potential harm you might experience. Which aren't irrational thoughts. Because predators who have learned to adapt to hostile environments and childhood are skilled at hunting down those people who came from sheltered upbringings. Because they see them as easy targets. And this is why you tend to feel more comfortable at home. And you may even suffer from agorathobia. Where you have a fear of open or crowded places. And you feel like everyone is out to get you. And predators will pick up on this and use it to their advantage. They will sense your awkwardness and social anxiety. And they will exploit it. As it may be difficult for you to understand or deal with. Because you may have had a sheltered upbringing. Where you had limited exposure to unpleasant or difficult situations. You maintained an existence in a seemingly safe innocent bubble.  So they had to develop coping skills at a young age. While you were unaware and lacked experience. But this is why you learned to obey your parents or other authority figures without hesitation. Because you were taught that you can't make life decisions for yourself. Or you just didn't have enough life experience to do that. And you may feel like you have to ask permission just to even live your life. Because throughout your life your parents may have micro managed you. They may have decided what you could or couldn't eat, drink, wear, watch or spend time with. Which may make you feel guilty anytime you want to do anything for yourself. Because you're worried if other people want to prove of it. And this is the perfect setup for a narcissist to come in and control everything. Because they're rough and ready. They're street wise. So they're very good at manipulating people and getting them to trust them. Because this is what they had to do in order to survive. They weren't just giving everything. They weren't taking care of like you were. They weren't sheltered or protected. So they've been through a lot already. They've had a rough ride. And when they ask you questions and you tell them about your life. They're listening to everything you say. They're absorbing the information. Because life wasn't like that for them. They had to struggle and fight for what they believed to be theirs. While you were kicking back without any worries or concerns.  So in many ways they actually envy how easy your life has been. And they wish your life was like that. Because they've been through a lot already. And they felt that it wasn't fair. As though they deserved better treatment. And of course when they see you you become a reminder of that. And they see it as though you didn't deserve the upbringing that you had. As though your life should have been theirs. Which is why they will feel entitled to everything you have. And they will use you or treat you with contempt. Because they're bitter and resentful. But they know no one wants to be around someone like that. So they act polished and refined. As though they just sail through life without any storms. When they're actually just mirroring you. To make it seem like you have something in common. When in actuality their past was very different to yours. They could never be honest or authentic. Because that would put them at risk. It would prevent them from getting their needs met. So they learn to cheat, lie and steal. While making people believe they were the creator of it all. Because this is what they had to do to survive. They had to mimic people. They had to put other people down. To make themselves appear as more intelligent, attractive, desirable. Whatever else they deemed applicable to get them what they need. And many of these people strive to become doctors, lawyers or teachers. Because they're seeking credibility. They want to be seen as professional. As polished and refined. Where people will trust and depend on them. So that gives them this pleasant appearance. Where they may appear as agreeable, intelligent and hard working. And as though there's someone who you can trust. When this is all just a performance. It's not who they really are. They've just constructed this image of someone who has sailed through life. Without any problems or difficulties. As though they've had a sheltered upbringing. Because they've learned that this is most attractive and desirable. They've learned that these types of people are more popular and trustworthy. So they want to appear like that. They try to be like that. But beneath that mask is a child who went through a lot of difficulties and hardship. A shell of a person. Who is very envious and feels entitled to anyone. Who had a better upbringing than them. Which is why they're so bitter, angry and hateful. But they're also very paranoid and afraid. Of being exposed for the leeches and parasites that they are. They fear being exposed. They fear being abandoned. And they constantly feel like other people are trying to manipulate them. Because this is the environment that they grew up in. Where there wasn't enough to go around. Attention, money or resources were in short supply. So they developed a scarcity mindset. Where it's all about getting other people before they get them. And everything's a fight. Everything's a struggle. To be heard, seen, valued and appreciated. To where they're now distrustful of other people. Which is why you cannot connect to them. And there's actually nothing there for you to connect to. It's just this entity, this void. Which is driven to seek out narcissistic supply. There is nothing of value beneath their mask. Because they were not confined in a safe, protective environment as a child. They were exposed to a lot of difficulties and hardship. So they weren't able to grow or develop their own identity. Which is something that takes place in solitude. While for them they had to be street wise and develop survival mechanisms. Which are typically where they rob or deprive other people of their energy and resources. Because that's the only way they can survive. They can't generate anything from within. They have no inner sense of value. So they have to use other people to get their needs met. And this is why they're so dark, damaged and destructive. Because this is what they had to do. And yet they have this false sense of pride. As though they've achieved something. Because again this is something that they've learned in their childhood. Where they would cheat, lie, steal and deprive other people of what's rightfully theirs. In order to experience this false sense of satisfaction and fulfillment. When in fact it is all a facade. And this is why they're so miserable. Because at some level they know it. They know that it's not really theirs. So there's no reason for them to be proud of themselves. Or for other people to be proud of them. Because they didn't do it the right way. They didn't go through the trials and tribulations. They didn't strive, triumph and succeed. Like a true warrior. A true champion. Instead they manipulated the situation in order to get their needs met. They exploited you. So they can never be happy with anything that they have. Because they know that they're liars, fraudsters, con artists. They know they're pretending to be something they're not. But they use this mask to protect themselves.  And it's the same mask they've worn since childhood. When they had to act tough and strong. When deep down they felt weak and vulnerable. It's not something that was polished and refined over a long period of time. It's something that they were subjected to. Rather than something where they willingly and deliberately chose to go out into the world of experience. They had no choice. They had no other alternative. So they wear this mask to attract other people into their lives. While lying to themselves and pretending that everything is fine. When the regality is that they are miserable and dissatisfied. Because they're prisoners of their own making. They hung themselves. They caused their own punishment. To where they now have to pretend to be something they're not. Or to have some knowledge or ability that they really don't have. In order to conceal their defects. And appear more attractive, interesting and valuable. So that they can deceive. When this is actually the reason why they will never be happy. Thank you for watching. If you found this video helpful please give it a thumbs up. 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