I was just waiting because there was a bulk of people coming in. So I thought it's, that's it.  Okay, so welcome back, everyone. Well, I'll continue the introduction with hands on networks and let me just briefly remind you what, where we got to yesterday. So what we talked about was the physics of quantum antibody systems. So specifically systems where the interactions between the individual quantum particles play a strong role. So which we can't understand just by looking at individual particles and kind of looking at the entanglement only in a corrective fashion.  And then what we realized is that these kind of systems, if we have n particles live in some Hilbert space, cd to the n, which has a very high dimension, namely a dimension which grows exponentially with a number of particles, which was prohibitive for efficient description of a state of such a system if you want to describe the full state. But then what we also saw is that basically in this huge Hilbert space, there was kind of a small corner of physical states, simply from the intuition that we only needed very few parameters to describe the Hamiltonian. And the Hamiltonian term would describe the ground state. So this motivated to ask what's special about these states, can we understand from a point of view of entanglement of quantum information, what makes these states special? And then what I told you is that these states are very special in the sense of their entanglement. So I should indeed maybe stress that what we care for in this corner are things like ground states, since these exhibit the strongest quantum effects. And they're very special in their entanglement, namely when we would take a lattice system, say, and look at the entanglement of a region A with the rest, then the entanglement of A with the rest, which we could compute as the von Neumann entropy of the reduced state only on system A, would scale like the boundary of A rather than the volume. So only very few degrees of freedom, effectively very few degrees of freedom in any region A would be entangled with the outside. So in particular, in one dimension, the boundary of the region, of course, is only on the left and on the right. So in one dimension, this would mean that the entanglement between any region A and the rest would be bounded by a constant, basically. It might go initially as we make a region bigger, but then it will saturate and not go beyond that constant. So that's the starting point for today's lecture. So today I would like to start from this point and motivate how one can write down an explicit way and explicit ansatz of describing many body wave functions, which kind of has this property that entanglement is only located at the boundary, but for any way of partitioning our system and how from there we can actually understand the behavior of quantum many-body systems better. Okay, so this would be part two in the basics of tensor network states in one dimension. So I will start with one dimension because many things are easier there. We can also make stronger statements and later on in one of the subsequent lectures I will also tell you a few things about two dimensions and higher dimensions. So what's the construction, the idea? So what we would like to do is, I mean, if we think about this area law construction one dimension or in two dimensions, what this tells us if we have a spin chain and we look at some region and it has this entanglement, this area law behavior regarding its entanglement with the rest. What this tells us is that we would assume the entanglement is only located at the boundary. So we could say, okay, well, why don't we try to take this particle and entangle it in some way with that particle? And similarly, this particle entangled with that particle. And the rest of the chain we don't really have to care because this kind of has the right behavior, the entanglement is located at the boundary. But of course the problem is this doesn't work if we put our cut somewhere else. Say if we take our cut and we extend it to here, then this behavior is suddenly gone, right? The entanglement is, there's no long entanglement here. So we could of course put some entangled state here, but then still in some other cut, like say in this cut, we would still have the same problem, right? There would still be no entanglement. So that's something which kind of as a cartoon picture might work, but it's kind of not good enough, right? Simply because it doesn't respect the translation symmetry of our lattice, right? If we entangle specific states, if we entangle that state with a one to the left, we can't at the same time entanglement with the state to the right. And that's due to this property known as monogamy of entanglement, right? We cannot have entanglement shared with several different parties at the same time. So if you really want to take this particle entanglement with a one to the left, we will not be able to entanglement with a one to the right. And this doesn't give the right behavior of the entanglement. We want that the entanglement is kind of the same in every cut. Let's say we consider a system which is translation invariant, right, which behaves the same everywhere. We don't want different cuts to behave differently. So that's too easy. So what we will do instead is the following thing. We will start from our spin chain and we'll first say, well, let's for a moment imagine that each of these particles is actually composed of two particles, one kind of left and one right particle. And I'll tell you in a moment how this construction works explicitly. So let's for now just assume this is some kind of very hand waving construction that we take each particle and we replace it by two particles, which together in some way build up the original particle. So it kind of consists of quarks or whatever, right? Don't take this literally. So now what we have at each side, we have two subsystems which make up our system. And now we can indeed do what I try to do here. We can try to start building up entanglement to both sides, simply because well now we can take this particle here and entanglement with a one to the right and the other one and entanglement with a one to the left. So now we can build up a construction like that. And now you certainly see it has this kind of property we wanted that whenever we make a cut somewhere we cut through this entangled pair or this entangled pair and so on. So regardless of what region we cut we will always have the same amount of entanglement of that region with the outside and the entanglement will always be located close at the boundary in some sense. But of course I'm still kind of very sketchy in the way I explained this construction. So what are these states here? Well, let's be a bit more concrete. Let's assume that each of these two systems has a capital D dimensional Hilbert space. So I have a space CD times CD and this state here I say will be a state omega which is a maximally entangled state. So I just maximally entangled these two particles. Of course this means that I have a very specific construction the entanglement of a very specific type but we will add in an extra layer which we'll make this more rich later on. So as I said what we have now is that the state kind of has a right entanglement behavior entanglement sits at the boundary across any cut I can choose. But of course it's not very rich, right? It's basically only one state the only thing I can change is this dimension so I have a discrete set of states. So that's of course not rich enough for what I want so what we will do here is this thing up here. What we will do is we will basically add a construction which will give us back the original particles. And what this construction will do is it will take these two guys here.  Now I will put these two guys together and I have to describe how I get my original particle back. And the means of doing that is to say well let's take these two particles and apply some linear map which out of this space of a left and a right particle maps out an effective space for the model I want to describe. So it's just some general linear map. So one thing I could for instance do is if this system here is a qubit, a two level system I will necessarily have too many degrees of freedom up here, right? Because let's say even one capital D is two and this one is two, I have a four dimensional space. So to get to a two dimensional space I might want to project onto a specific degree of freedom of that space or well a two dimensional subspace of that space. So a typical choice for this P might actually be a projection which only keeps the relevant degrees of freedom. You could think of this as perturbation theory kind of singling out a low energy space, right? In which kind of the low energy physics takes place and they're very high line excitations which are leading out of that space. You don't have to think of that. It's really more a mathematical construction but you could motivate it from perturbation theory. So this P could be a projection which keeps some interesting degrees of freedom for us but it doesn't have to be a projection. It could be any other linear map as well. So we will do this at every side and this way what we get is a way of obtaining a chain on our original system and as we've seen the following this P actually allows to do many things. So for instance, before we applied this P we had no correlations whatsoever between anything here and anything there, right? Because the only connection was through these entangle states between nearest neighbors but not on a longer distance. But by adding in a projection here for instance we can create longer range entanglement. We can create longer range correlations. So the state gets much, much more rich that way. Now generally we might want that these states, these P's to depend on the site. So it depends what we want to describe. If we want to describe a translation in variant state we might choose all of them the same. If we're not sure if our system is translation in variant or we just want to introduce extra parameters we can make them site dependent so I will put the site as a superscript here in brackets. So to each slide S there corresponds a map P S. Excuse me. Well it goes to a smaller space so I'm not sure. Well if you probably an isometry if you're more strict, if I say projection, right? Because it goes into a smaller space but it can be any linear map in fact, right? It's just that kind of, if you think what would be a natural choice you might say oh well I'm in a big space and I want to single out an effective space and then you would project onto that effective space which is say two dimensional. And actually many canonical examples have a projector as a map P but there's no obligation to choose a projection. So any map will do. Exactly that's why I'm saying if you're strict it should be an isometry. You should call it isometry and not projection, right? Well I should call it. No indeed so. So it's not a projection in the sense that it doesn't map between a space and itself. So in that sense it would be an isometry. Now people tend to refer to this P nevertheless as a projector even if it's neither a projector nor an isometry but just a linear map just out of convention and because several examples have this projection construction. Okay. So we can do this construction for different types of systems. So as I said we can for instance enforce translation in variance. We can do it with open boundary conditions which would mean that on the left we only have one of these entangled pairs. Let me stick to my color scheme. So we might have end points which are different. We can do it for periodic boundaries in which case we would connect the entangled pairs on the two ends. We would do something like pairs and then connecting the last one and the first one again like putting it on a ring. So we can adapt this to different situations and I will change this a bit throughout the next lectures what I consider. Ah no, but that's what I call a site is this right of the original lattice. The original lattice, like that's the green things the green things are sites of the original lattice. It's just when I make this construction I split these sites up in kind of auxiliary step and intermediate step I split the sites up into two except at the boundary which I don't split up. So in that sense once you split up all guys in the middle you will always end up with an even number of these sites. Okay so in principle we can generalize it further, right? So what I said is that these entangled states are all the same, cd, cd. But in principle we could even make these. So in that case this would also be a c capital D. These particles should all be the same usually if you consider a normal spin chain. So that's all small d dimensions. That's capital d dimensions. So which in particular I mean that this map here p1 is different, right? p1 larger p1 only maps a single one of these auxiliary particles to a single one of the physical particles. So it might have a different structure. It might even map from a smaller to a bigger space or things like that. Now more generally if I don't insist on translation in variance I could make everything side depend not only the p but also the dimension of this particle. Now in some senses this doesn't make the end that's more rich because of course I can always choose a maximal dimension and just choose to ignore the extra degrees of freedom. But of course in the sense of having an efficient description it might still make sense to keep that in mind. No problem. The pairs connected with strictly lines are maximally entangled, right? So what I do is I put these two guys into a maximally entangled state. These two guys, right? But then I apply these maps in a displaced fashion. So the idea that these pairs will build up entanglement between this side here and that side here. And while this kind of also builds up entanglement in some sense, well it singles out kind of the degrees of freedom I'm interested in but also starts building up correlations on a longer distance. Well thermodynamic limit is a subtle thing. I would prefer not to talk about the thermodynamic limit in detail because it's getting very mathematical. It's a very interesting question. It can be properly defined here. Well you would indeed think that the thermodynamic limit it doesn't matter so much what your boundary conditions are as long as you only look in the inside. So in that case you would indeed probably, well first of all you want translation in variance that it indeed doesn't matter. But kind of the subtle thing is of course in the thermodynamic limit you only want to look at a smaller region of a long chain, right? Because if the chain is infinite it doesn't make sense to talk of the whole chain. And then indeed it turns out that things converge nicely it doesn't matter what you do at a long distance. So in that context these states are known as finitely correlated states. That's something which has been done in the early 90s by Fannes-Nachterhalle and Werner where they work on the mathematical formalism to define the thermodynamic limit properly for these states. Of what, sorry? It looks like that. Well there's a relation of that to the normalization group. I'm not sure if it's generalization. Well we're talking about spin systems here but you can do the same thing for fermions and you can do it for non-interacting fermions. So it does work. I mean maybe I'm thinking whether I should give one example right now to illustrate the construction. It might actually be a good idea even though the example will only show up later on in more detail but maybe just to give you a kind of more physics intuition how this might look like. Let me give one example which is known as the AKLT state. So what AKLT stands for Affleck, Kennedy, Leib, and Tazaki. Not sure I guess the original paper is something like 88 or 89. Okay so what is a construction? The construction is slightly different. I'm not sure if it's a perfect example but it's a kind of somewhat practical example. So what we do is that our entangled states will consist of two spin one halves. So we have a two level system here, a two level system here. But now it's really a spin one half. It really transforms like a spin one half particle. And this state we now put in a different state. Maybe I shouldn't call it omega, let me call it omega tilde. Namely a singlet state. So zero is spin up, one is spin down. So we put in a singlet state. So it especially means that this state transforms nice. It transforms trivially under spin rotations under any action of the rotation group. So now we make a chain of these guys. So we have all these spin one half particles and now we really think of them as spins. So that's really a spin one half particle. And well now what we want to do is we want to take each two of these guys and look at some effective degree of freedom or so, kind of glue them together in a way which makes up something more interesting than just two spin one halves which don't have anything to do with each other. So what can we do? Well we have two spin one halves. I mean what kind of, what would be a natural way if we want to respect symmetry, spin symmetry? Well we know that two spin one halves can be decomposed as either a spin zero or a spin one. So the total Hilbert space of two spin one half particles has a spin zero subspace and a spin one subspace. So a natural choice with respect to spin rotation symmetry would be to either choose these degrees of freedom or these degrees of freedom. Now choosing the spin zero degree of freedom is not very exciting, because after we project onto the spin zero that's a one dimensional space we're just left with a chain of spin zero particles. So not very exciting. So maybe it's a better idea to keep the spin one degree of freedom. So what we do is we apply a map P which does what? Well P is equal to the projection onto the total spin equal one. But really more in the sense of an isometry, right? There's a map acting from, acting from two spin one half particles onto a spin one particle of three level system, right? So we just, I mean we can write it down explicitly because we know what the spin one states are, right? So we know that basically what we do is we have a total SC equals plus one which corresponds to the zero zero state, the two spins up state. We have an SC equals zero which corresponds to the triplet state, zero one plus one zero divided by square root of two. And we have an SC equal minus one which corresponds to both spins pointing down. And if we add the three that's P and we apply this everywhere then. So what we get this way down here is a spin one chain. And so we'll get back to this construction later on but it has a number of nice features. So in particular one feature we get by this construction that it's not just a spin one chain in the sense of having three level system but it actually transforms nicely under the spin rotation. And the reason that we start from singlets which are invariant under rotating everywhere, right? If we apply a rotation everywhere about any axis the state will be invariant because it's just composed of singlets. And the second thing is if I apply any rotation here whether I apply a rotation before projecting or after projecting onto the spin one space doesn't matter, right? The rotation of the two spin one halves is the same as a rotation on this space and on that space. So if I just keep this space whether I rotate here or here doesn't matter. So rotating here is the same as rotating here on these auxiliary particles I used in the construction. So I obtain a symmetric wave function. And where this wave function has a number of other nice features. It has non-trivial correlations. It's a unique ground set of a local Hamiltonian. That's all things which I, well, hopefully we'll mention in one of the next lectures. Well, that's one way how we can think of the construction I guess, that's saying I want to spin one chain. Let's try to think of it as an effective. I mean, you can see that you could get this in some kind of perturbation theory. If you say you actually have a spin one half chain like this, but here you have a Hamiltonian which is very strong and which forces these guys to be in the joint spin one state. So then kind of the effectively accessible space at low energies will only be the spin one space. So you put a high energy on the singlet. And then you could say these singlets can establish by having a weaker interaction which acts as a perturbation between these guys trying to put them in a singlet. And then if you do perturbation theory you just get the projection of the, well, the interaction which one singlets on this effective subspace, the spin one subspace. So if you want, you can think of this as an effective low energy theory. It's not necessary, but it's certainly possible. Okay. So okay, maybe I put this back here. Let me just fix a bit nomenclature because I will keep using that. So the red particles we will call virtual or auxiliary particles or systems or whatever. The green ones physical, I guess that's more natural. The entangled states, the entangled pairs will also be denoted as bonds because they create some kind of entanglement, some correlation between different particles. And well, since I will probably use it anyway, let me already tell you that this is what is called a matrix product state. Let me put this over there, maybe. Can I raise this? Okay, so we have that construction. We could also write it as a formula, right? So rather than drawing a picture we can also write formulas, obviously. So what do we have to do? We have to start from a state omega acting between n sides. And then what we have to do is we have to apply p1 times p2. Let's say we look at periodic boundary conditions. So basically it's just a number of these maps p applied to a number of entangled states. Of course this is kind of misleading if I write it like that because the real point is of course that the partition in which these maps act is shifted with respect to the partition in which I put my states. Otherwise I wouldn't get something very interesting. So one can write it obviously in this form but one has to keep in mind that the systems on which the individual things act are kind of shifted. So if you label the subsystems, you could say this is one left, one A, one B, two A, two B, but then the entangled states would be between one B, two A then between two B, three A and so on, right? So that's some shifting in the index. Okay, these states are also known as matrix product states. And let me see, I actually want to say something else first but maybe I rearrange things and first explain why they're called, yes. So let me rearrange things first and let me first explain why they're called matrix product states and then tell you a few things about their properties. Okay, so let me just have another look at this formula I just wrote, kind of the explicit expression for the state. So we have that we can think of this state as being created, say, on periodic boundaries by acting with all these piece on our entangled states. And now we can ask, well, can we maybe derive a more explicit expression for the form of this psi? So what we also know is that obviously we can expand psi on some basis of our space. We had this expression last time already when we talked about the exponentially big Hilbert space. So we could ask, can we derive an explicit expression maybe for the C I want to IM? In terms of the map P and the state omega. Now the state omega we know, right? So what do we have? We have omega is this maximally entangled state. And well, we have the map P at some side S can be expanded in a basis. So we have that alpha and beta go from one to D and I goes from one to small D. So I just basically express this map P in a basis where I have a three index object, A, I, alpha, beta for each side S, right? So what this does is it takes the auxiliary particle in state alpha and beta and maps it to state I. So now let's try to see if we can understand what this expression should evaluate to if we want to get something of that form. And of course we don't want to write everything at once, right? This is a very long expression. So it might make more sense to go step by step. So what we would like to do is we would like to start from kind of the simplest building block. Well, the initial thing is that we have a map acting from two systems to one, right? We have this map acting from two systems to one. And now we can try to do some kind of first step and as a first step in constructing this state, we will attach an entangled state and a second side. So we will take this entangled state and we will append it. So we would have P one and P two. So you see this forms an inductive step, right? Because what I have here is something which maps a left auxiliary particle and a right auxiliary particle to a physical system. And this is the same thing. It maps a left and a right auxiliary particle to something physical, which is now bigger. And you see I can do an inductive step, right? What I did is I kind of took this input system here and I attached another system, right? And here I can do the same. I can attach a system there and continue. So if I understand one step and it turns out to have sufficiently nice structure, I can inductively see what I get if I keep on doing that. So what do I get in one such step? Well, what I have at, so let's just write down what we have at the right. So we have P one times P two applied to omega sitting between sides one and two, which is what? Well, lots of summation indices for one thing. Then we have these P's. So we have A one, I one, alpha beta, I one, alpha and beta. So what do we have? That's I one, I two. We have an alpha, beta, gamma and delta, okay? Okay, so we tensor this with A two, I two, gamma, delta. This is just a big summation index now over alpha, beta, gamma, delta, I one and I two. So this thing here is P one times P two, right? Now I have to put omega. There's a one over square root of D and then there is a K, K. That's pretty lengthy, but if you want to understand what's happening, we have to see what belongs to what. So where's something non-trivial happening? Well, the non-trivial part takes place here. We have an entangled state and act with a map on it, right? So we have these two guys, that's the entangled state. Let me label my sides. So this is side A, B, C and D here, okay? So we know where we are. So this is A, this is B. This is C, this is D. And similarly here, this is B and this is C. So what we see is that this K belongs to this beta here, right? So what I get is I get the overlap of the, well, basis vector beta with the basis vector K, which will give me a delta, well, that's a bit of an unfortunate notation. So this is a conic at delta, right, unlike the other deltas. So this tells me beta and K will have to be equal. And on the C system, gamma and K meet, so this tells me that gamma and K have to be equal. And well, if I do the sum over K, it tells me that the sum drops out, the delta drops out, and together with the sum over K, it tells me that beta has to be equal to gamma, right? Because beta has to be equal to K, K has to be equal to gamma, but it can take all possible values with the same weight. So up to this one over square root of D, all what this maximally entangled state tells me is that beta is equal to gamma. Or if you look at this picture, there's a maximally entangled state, well, which is exactly of this form. So its effect is that it exactly forces this spin and this spin to have the same value, right? So it exactly enforces that what I have here and I have here has the same value. So from that, we can, so what does this give us? So we have the sum here, we have A1I1, alpha beta. The beta index here is gone, right? We only have this because this was connected with a K, only this one remains. Then here we had a gamma originally, but this gamma is now equal to beta, so we put beta. And now that's not perfect. Actually, we would like to express it the same way as the original P, we want an inductive procedure. We want to write it like that, something mapping input indices to output indices. So we'll just take this guy and put it here and let me single out a sum over beta, okay? So I just collected these two A's here and I collected my ket and bra vectors. So what we see now is this map is very similar. It takes the auxiliary virtual degrees of freedom alpha and delta now, like the ones at the boundary, in that picture and maps it now to two physical spins. And what's the coefficient? The coefficient is given exactly by that expression here. So we can leave it like that, but we can also note that if we think of this guy as a matrix, so if we think of this as a matrix, with alpha and beta as a matrix indices, what is happening here is that we're carrying out a matrix multiplication, right? Because we're summing the right index of the left matrix with the left index of the right matrix. So what this really is, this is the product of these two matrices and then evaluated the matrix element alpha delta. So then what we see from that, if we just write it in this form, is that this total composition of this map P1, P2 is the omega, is really almost of the same form as before, just that instead of having a single matrix A, like we had here, this matrix A got replaced by the product of two of these A's for the two consecutive sides. So now you can immediately see that we can derive an iterative recipe from that, right? So we can iterate this construction. And what happens is that if then we have something like P1 times P2 times P3, applied to omega one, two times omega two, three, what we would get, for instance, would be something like that we have to multiply three of these guys, A1, I1, A2, I2, A3, I3, evaluated at some, let me call this beta again, element alpha beta. And now we have a product of three matrices and so on, right? So we can just keep doing that. The only question is what happens at the boundary? And what happens at the boundary? Well, if we have periodic boundary conditions, so if we keep doing that, we always have this alpha beta here. Now in the very last step, what will happen when we have periodic boundary conditions? So we do this a few times and we always have this alpha and beta here. Now in the last step when we close the boundaries, it means that we connect this alpha index with this beta index here, right? So we're not adding any new P, we're just adding a maximally entangled state acting on these two indices and again it will force them to be the same. So we have this matrix here and we need alpha and beta to be the same in sum, so that's a trace of that matrix. So what we then get is that in the last step, and that's what gives us the actual state, psi. So that's the expression we ultimately get, right? So we keep multiplying these matrices in the last step, the last entangled state amounts to taking the trace of these guys. So that's really the full expression for such a state on periodic boundary conditions where for each side, there is a set of D by D matrices. So for each side and each value of the spinata side, there exists a D by D matrix specifying basically how the state has to be constructed. And that's why it's called a matrix product state because well, the coefficients, the C, I, I, I, N can be obtained as matrix product states, as matrix products. So maybe just a brief comment on the question of, well, what happens here for open boundary conditions? Well, in some sense we can again do what I said earlier, there's no need to keep all these dimensions fixed, right? So this could be a D1 times D2 dimensional matrix and D2 times D3 dimensional matrix and so on, just in a way where you know you can multiply them. Obviously the left dimension of one has to be equal to the right dimension of the preceding one, but otherwise you can vary the dimensions. So for instance, you can think that open boundary conditions is just a special case where here, what you do is you choose the dimension equal to one, the last one, right? So that's a specific way of thinking what would happen for open boundaries. So what this would mean is that the left dimension of the leftmost A would be equal to one and the right one of the rightmost one, which basically would just mean that on the very left and the very right, you don't put matrices, you put vectors and that's why there's no need for a trace. So for open boundary conditions, we would have that A1, I1, N, A, N, I, N, are, N, A, N, I, N, are, what? Column or row vectors. Okay. So before I conclude, let me just very briefly say, well, we wanted kind of a succinct and efficient description of states with an area law. Is this description efficient? Well, how many parameters do we have in the simple case where all matrices have the same size? Well, we have N sides, we have D physical states and to each side and to each physical state, we need to specify a D by D matrix. So we have D square parameters. So in total, we have N times small d times capital D parameters. So in particular, it means the number of parameters grows only linearly in the system size as opposed to exponentially for a general vector. And of course, the relevant question is how big do we have to choose D to get a good description of our state? And one intuition is that D should be related to the entanglement in the state. So if there's not too much entanglement, hopefully we can choose D at a moderate size, meaning we only have a moderate number of parameters. Of course, this has to be made rigorous because there's no strict one-to-one correspondence between this D, if you want to describe a specific wave function and the number of parameters. But it indeed turns out there's kind of a nice relation which allows for an efficient description. And that's where we'll start continuing in the next lecture. Thanks.


Hey stampers, welcome to another week of Watch It Weekly Wednesday. I'm Beth and I wanted to share with you today the blessings of home sweet from the current mini catalog. This sweet features this beautiful blessings of home stamp set and these flowers of home dyes. It has some beautiful coordinating products which I love so much but when I saw this stamp set I knew that we had to color the images and my mind went first very very first to watercoloring. I loved a sample that I saw in the catalog that looked similar to this that had been done with blends. I'm not great at blending and so I wanted to give my hand a try at watercoloring with these colors and that's what I did. This took me a very long time but I love the way that it turned out. For me watercoloring is very cathartic. I can sit and do it for a long time and you get to create these beautiful masterpieces that turn out different every time. I want to show you just a basic way to watercolor one of these pretty flower images from this stamp set. So you need to start with a few products first. You need to have a stays on ink pad. This ink is a solvent ink. It's not water-based so when water comes in contact with it it doesn't run or bleed. It stays put so your image is going to stay put. So stays on ink. You also need to have a water painter which Stampin' Up sells these. It comes in three a three-pack and it has different sizes in here so you can use them for different things. I'm going to use one of the smaller ones today.   I'm going to take this image from the Blessings of Home set and I'm going to stamp it in stays on ink. I'm going to be using shimmery white cardstock today. I really like to watercolor on this cardstock. It adds a little bit of a sparkle or a sheen to your image and it just turns out really pretty. So I'm going to stamp down my image. When you use stays on on your stamps you need to make sure that you have stays on cleaner. You can't clean this ink because it's more of a permanent ink off of your stamp pads with water. You need to use this stronger stays on cleaner. So make sure you've got that in your in your product as well. Okay so I'm going to take my stamp pad okay just like this and I'm going to push the middle of it so that I can get some of the ink on the lid of my stamp pad. So when I open it up I have this little splotch here. You can also take re-inker and just drip it right into your lid and use it like a little watercolor tray if that's easier for you.  I like to start by adding a little bit of a bold line and then coming back in and shading a little bit more. So these line art images that we've got in these stamp sets make it really easy just to follow the lines. I'm adding garden green right now to all of the leaves. Just kind of on the veins of the leaves just like that. And then I'm going to pick up a little bit more color with more water and come back in and just finish coloring in the leaves. That will just give them a little bit of dimension. Now you can see my black ink isn't running because it's not stays on ink.  Okay so after I've done all of the leaves on that flower I'm just going to squeeze my pen and rub it on my scratch paper until the water runs clear and then my ink is off of there and I'm ready to add a new color. I'm going to start next with fresh frija for my big flowers and again I'm going to grab a lot of color and add it to my darker areas where I want a little bit more to accentuate that shading in there. And the stamps kind of do the work for you. They show you where the shading can be makes it nice and easy. Okay and after I've got those lines all colored in I'm going to add a little bit of water to my lid and I'm going to grab some more color and finish coloring in the bills just like that. So again squeeze my brush get all the color off of there and then I'm ready for the bumblebee. I want a darker shade of the bumblebee on these smaller flowers. So I'm going to start with really saturated. I'm not going to get much water on that tip at all and I'm going to put a really dark shade of that bumblebee right in the center of those flowers. These little flowers I want them just to have a little bit more definition so I'm going to do that and I'm actually going to do that to the center of my bigger flowers on those harsher lines so that I can define those a little bit more with that shading just like that. Then I'm going to take my pen with a little bit more water and dilute some of that ink and just go over these flowers they've got a nice golden color and they're not such a mustard yellow color. The more water the lighter the color because it just dilutes it just pulls some of that color out makes it nice and springy. Okay and I do want this color to be finished in the middle just like that.   Here's the card I think it adds so much to have that beautiful watercolor image on there.  Let me show you some other projects I've made using the sweeter products. Here's this one I use that same image just change the colors a little bit. I cut out the top of the image and just put it on a flat image there so it has a little bit more dimension and I use the memories of more cards and envelopes from this suite to decorate a little envelope as well. Here's this one again this is the one I water colored it has that larger image also features some of the doilies and the ribbon from this suite. So fun. Here's another one I like this have a perfect birthday stamp kind of nice and good sentiment and this is the larger image again just watercolor. This is more of a messy watercolor so it doesn't have so much definition but I really liked the way that that turned out. Now here's this one with the watercolor wash over the back. In our water painter set there's a large water painter that has a big paint brush tip on it. So you can do a really easy watercolor wash and I just love cards like that really quick to make but has such an impact and here's my final one.  I thought it's so pretty. I hope you loved this Blessings of Home suite of products. This stamp set will stick around in our upcoming annual catalog but the paper and the other accessories are not all sticking around. So if you want any of these products before they retire there are links below this video that you can click on to take you directly to get them and put them in your cart. If you have any questions please let us know in the comments below and if you like this make sure you subscribe so that you don't miss any Watch It Weekly Wednesday videos going forward. Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you next week.


What we're gonna do in this video is have a look through the first few appearances of Doomsday and this story arc is basically the death of Superman which occurred in the early 1990s and It was one of the most pinnacle moments in comic book history. It turned out to be a circus once the mainstream media got our Gotta Gotta wind of it and there was a lot of a lot of buzz around what was going on with the death of Superman and Basically what happened with the Doomsday storyline was before the story the Doomsday storyline officially began Doomsday made appearances In the first appearance being in Superman the man of steel number 17 and It went on to Superman number 73 adventures of Superman number 496 and Superman action comics number 683 and it was a it was an amazing Story or it was actually a brilliant. It was it was very emotional and had an awesome build up to it and amazing conclusion really and What they did was basically introduced Doomsday in all four of these issues Just one page At the end as a teaser sort of cliffhanger of what was coming and What happened after that was basically Doomsday made his first appearance in Superman man of steel number 18 and Back then I'm not sure if that's the case right now. I'm not reading any Superman's but back then the way The Superman storylines went the Superman books work went They were basically printing four different titles for Superman and the way you knew What the reading order was? They provide a triangle and every year the number would start with number one And it would cycle through all the way to the end of the year So the store the reading for these things goes from this is 1992 It came out with number 41 is the first appearance of Doomsday and then it went up to Number 42 as you can see right there And then number 43 with the adventures of Superman number 44 right there and the Doomsday storyline officially kicked in with Number 45 and this one being the first full appearance of Doomsday and after that after this issue The Doomsday storyline crossed over into the Justice League of America and this one is actually Second full appearance of Doomsday and this storyline in Justice League is In my opinion, it's actually more important than the man of steel number 18 because it's in Justice League of America number 69 where Booster Gold actually names Doomsday as Doomsday and his appearance here is I believe is much longer than Superman man of steel and The storyline from there basically went into the rest of the Superman titles and it concluded with the death of Superman being I Believe this Superman number 75 and this is the bagged version Of the issue where you know, I haven't cracked this one open I did crack open one of them and you know it came with a car and the poster and This this storyline was a death of Superman. Okay, so what we're going to do right now is actually Have a read through the first Four issues where Doomsday appears and just take a look at the build up To the Superman that the Doomsday storyline and you know, maybe we'll flip through this one as well but what I want to do is show you the The cliffhangers the teasers the pages that they had in all these four issues And it was brilliant the way they did it. It was a very nice build up took weeks for it to to unfold Doomsday storyline the death of Superman and It it sort of was a pinnacle moment Definitely for the 1990s and definitely in comic book history. It's a it was a brilliant story arc I'm very emotional most definitely and Everybody that was reading comic books at the time Read the death of Superman. I didn't know anyone that wasn't reading it Okay, so let's put the rest of these books on one side and slowly crank crack these open and and Take a look at What this is all about right so this is Superman man of steel number four number 17 and it's the 41st story in For Superman for that year right the 41st issue, I guess So let's crack this open We're not gonna read through the Superman story in this Maybe we'll flip through it really quickly and just take a look but basically what it was is They told different stories and you know Superman doing his thing and The last page was basically doomsday Punching through his His containment, I guess and it's interesting in this one They had a creature appearing in this one that was doomsday like In appearance but was nowhere near as powerful as doomsday So it was an interesting teaser They showed a hand of this creature Silhouettes and this was the creature take a look at this and if you know doomsday this is sort of Doomsday Esk, I guess but this one looks humorous compared to what doomsday was or is and Doomsday is actually From what I understand is the only Full of Superman that Superman actually fears in the comic books Because he's so powerful Let me take a look at this the doomsday. Well the joke that looks like doomsday, I guess This series the Batman adventures was actually very good the comics that came out Harley Quinn made her first appearance in Batman adventures. I believe it's number 12 again So it's interesting Superman, you know fights this character that looks like doomsday and Beats them easily and that's the page where doomsday appears. So what we'll do we'll read the last panel To The introduction of doomsday and it's actually very interesting because these panels were for the sort of foreshadowing What was to come In this one, I'm not sure what the storyline is, but let's just read the last panel If they don't hand it over fast, we reach our fists We reach out our fists and we take it and The fist is punching. I forget what these things are called In the caves and then you flip and doomsday is punching His containment, right? Somewhere else as the text says From the outside you can hear the cring at the bottom doomsday is coming So this was this is considered to be the first appearance of doomsday and it is The first appearance of doomsday and it looks like doomsday's Claws are coming out of his his fists Somewhere else gentle doomsday is coming and this is a memorial for Joe Schuster That I guess passed away in 1992 Jerry Siegel the comic book Field has lost a great artist at a true pioneer. He'll be sorely missed So keep this panel in mind for this page in mind cliffhanger and in the next issue in Superman Man of Steel number 18 is where doomsday makes his first appearance and this is And this issues it is a beautiful covers one one of my favorite covers for Superman that I've seen And that I have It's brilliant really so let's back the sip again and Take a look at the next issue was The number 41 so we're at number 42 and This is Superman number 73 and it's the second Cameo appearance of Doomsday, right like this open and again Superman just has some kind of story Going on with this and all of these issues are mint copies. I've actually never Flipped through these ones before so these are brand-new. I bought these I And when I figured out that the doomsday storyline was going I I jumped on the doomsday storyline right away I found that the build-up for it was interesting and When I found out that these were actually the first appearances of doomsday. I went into the the bins the Previous issues the back bins and pulled out You know a few copies of each one of these because I wanted the first few cameo appearances Booster gold Superman having an adventure I guess so let's go Let's start off on the back and just go and read the last panel read the panel previous to the doomsday Cameo the never-ending battle ends. Here's the next page And let's read the last panel. I should let's read the last three panels Stand aside Stand aside give us room. No pause better try CPR no response not even a twitch I guess this person's had a heart attack or something I'm sorry folks look like massive cardiac arrest Nothing we can do Nothing anyone can do. Oh, that's Superman right there Except the linear men They can bring the dead back to life. No wonder this they scare me It's over grandpa. So the last panels For the build-up for these issues of Superman there were sort of foreshadowing what was to come It was brilliantly put together and we go to the last page again and again Somewhere else you see holes being punched Into the metal containment from the outside you see it appearing. So his claws are coming out Louder louder doomsday is coming. Nice teaser. I can count your appearance of Doomsday it dates for these these would have been either coming on the same week or one week apart So four weeks in a month they would come come out one week lagging possibly I can't remember but this is November November 1992 and this is number 43, right and that's you know chronological order That's how they organized it. You knew which order to read the Superman issues titles And again, this is November and this is adventures of Superman number 496 Been running for a very long time this this series And again, this is a beautiful mint copy Never been read down reading it for the first time or as grading goes All of these books would be Easily 9.2 9.4 Beautiful copies if you had a seriously Harsh greater, maybe they would grade them as 9, but I can't see that Again Superman is having some kind of adventure So what we'll do is we'll go to the last page again Doomsday is coming For Superman, let's read the last two panels of this. Okay, you're sharper than I've given you credit for Bit of a backhand and compliment, but I'll take it Better watch it. Don't want to take an enemy. Don't so he's uh, I believe this is Lex Luthor With hair Yes, it is Lex Luthor. Take a look at this. He's calling him Lex So he's thinking in his head Better watch it. Don't want to make an enemy of him No offense intended.  Yeah, you can see his claws Doomsday is coming So this would be the third cameo appearance of uh, doomsday Just the fist, right? Oh, let's throw this back in the cover And take a look at the next issue. This is Superman in action comics Number 683, right? And this one again is November 1992, right? And number 44 in the series for the Superman titles And this is a beautiful cover as well. Actually, I really like this cover This one too is beautiful copy a little bit of spine stress. You're just very little Give this uh At least the nine 9.2 Corners look extremely sharp. So again, let's flip to the back and see uh Joe Schuster memorial take a look. Let's read the last two panels again Actually, let's read the last three I guess. Yeah Wait a minute. Wait a minute Just like I just like the prep said you mean that bald Swear word actually turned himself in Sure, I did and watch your language I Ain't no brain. I ain't no brain surgeon, but I'm smart enough not to cross superman I never doubted that for a moment Ah, when I give you officers a hand taking the jackal down I guess maybe this is the jackal. Oh, this is the jackal.  There's always someone out there who's bigger and stronger Again serious foreshadowing for uh What was to come in the superman titles with uh the death of superman, right? And then you flip the page doomsday still punching in this containment, right somewhere else Crank Crank this day is here it says So doomsday is free And if you recall, uh, when we read the valiant comics magnus number five a lot of these There was no sound effects words for the action that was happening. It was Um, it was very different than a lot of the mainstream comics that were being put out with sound effects I actually like both. I I do like the sound effects here the way it's done and I also like the Simplicity of what valiant was doing So there's a whole month of build-up of Cameo appearances of just doomsday fist punching through And getting free of his containment. Uh, that was a build-up to doomsday and this is the fourth cameo appearance of Doomsday and the superman titles, right? Let's throw this back as well. Maybe what we'll do is Look through the first full appearance of doomsday and see what's going on in that We won't read it but Let's just Take these so these are the first four cameo appearance of doomsday, right? And it goes from number 41 To number 44 in the story arc. So superman man of steel Number 18 and again, this is a beautiful beautiful copy Absolutely mint and there is I believe for as far as movies go There is a doomsday movie being made or the script is already done for it. I think and that's one going to be One of the superman movies that's going to come out in two or three years in 2017 or 18 So that's Let's flip through this one and just read the doomsday doomsday pages uh, doomsday panels The beginning of the end Doomsday and the official death of superman the doomsday storyline went from number 45 in the series And I can't I can't remember how far down it went somewhere on earth doomsday punching through this containment He's totally free Birds are flying away squawk squawk squatching through the earth coming through changes a little bit, right? It's not metal anymore The earth breaks earth breaks on the ground beautiful really Doomsday on one side superman on the other Part one and there's the doomsday look like The one superman beat up before right in the previous issue. This is Man of steel number 18. It was a man of steel number 17, right that this story art was going Here's another doomsday page. Let's take a look and you can tell the comic. It's just sitting, right? It's got serious integrity like it hasn't been read before Elsewhere it says Doomsday just standing looking chirp chirp chirp the birds chirp chirp chirp laughing away Superman's going along and it's about his business, right?  Life you got the grenade.  That's it knocked out with a grenade Can't do that with doomsday Doomsday again elsewhere highway traffic doomsday goes up. Oh, did we miss a page miss a page? So that's it. So there's traffic Doomsday is coming destroy the bridge or something. It's still humorous I think that's loosely kicking superman in the bum So this is Last panel before doomsday starts again the last couple of pages teasers, right? So let's see what this says You know grub There's work. There's worse down here than war World worlders war war worlders tongue twister You think I could tell them my duty as correspondent and all nah Bloodthirst is our problem But it's good to know if we can't handle them We can all we can call in superman dependent on superman. You can always call superman. He's always around Except after doomsday again. I don't want to take this out Elsewhere truck zooming by What the heck? Hey, buddy, get out of the way What do you think you're? It just stops the truck and his tracks. There's doomsday right there in the middle of the highway Swarm The sound effects are hard to read. He's just laughing and walking away One arm tied behind his back is on fire State troopers chuck johnson calling state troop I read you mr. Johnson. What is it? Big monster Big monster flip moons rig one hand time behind his back It's burning fit to pop Did you say monster?  The dudes tearing up the whole interstate. He's heading east Please you've got to stop him Now this sounds like a job for the justice league. I guess this is the guy who calls him the justice league continued in justice league america number 69 then in superman 74 Both on sale next week. So we'll go uh to justice league america 69 and take a look at that and that issue is Very very crucial because In that issue Booster gold actually names Doomsday doomsday As far as I know, that's the first time he was called doomsday So it's an issue number 69 of the justice league of america That uh doomsday is named And I believe the appearances of Superman or the appearance of doomsday are There's way more action with doomsday in this issue than there is in this issue So this is the second full appearance of doomsday this year. It's this league number 69 It's a snag the comics and this is a very very important issue. It's actually Not expensive at all to grab here Grab copies of these Which I'm very surprised on So let's just flip through this and see See what the action is. We're not going to read it. We'll flip through it because it's This is a brilliant story arc and it's worth reading If you want to If you want a fantastic story of An emotional story of the death of superman and it was very well done. So doomsday is Going at it just destroying everything in his path comes across a deer Grants the deer by the neck and squishes it. Oh look at this Just brutal, right?  Look at the deer kicking question mark for doomsday. Here comes the justice league Throws a stick up Goes through bull beetle ship Rashing down and what we'll do We'll go fairly through this fairly quickly And just go to a part where it boosts to gold calls him doomsday Because I think that is very important Very important moment.  Look at this doomsday still has one hand tied behind his back He grabbed guy Gardner all so fast. I didn't even see him Stopped halfway sentence halfway through the word, right? Some guy Gardner like this Punches him in the head Very violent. Just grabs him right ahead He's about to kill him and he's just laughing This guy Gardner His friends came to the rescue, right?  He's done They're all trying to take him down. They think they can work something anyway But I think throughout this whole thing superman has given an interview Yeah, he's just given an interview on tv talking about I guess what his responsibilities are, right? He's just destroying them, right? doomsday Here's the issue numbers for doomsday Superman triangle numbers 45 From 1992 number 45 through till 1993 with number two Man of steel number 18 through superman number 75 And that's the black cover one that we uh, we took a look at right doomsday's grabbed Blue Beetle, right? Just destroying him. Look at this. Look at his face. Perhaps I'm by the legs They're like toys Oh, the news is getting to Superman that there's a special report. Justice leak is Getting beat up. They're in trouble Wow, look at Blue Beetle just tossed around like a little rag I think it may be too late booster But I pray I'm wrong. Oh, they're worried that it might be dead Booster gold. No He gets angry. That's it Have reports of the justice league battling a heinous monster at a Lex oil refinery in Ohio Reports indicate the league is unable to stop this destructive stampede Superman. I have to go So Superman's coming to the rescue, right?  So booster gold is happening with a blast He doesn't even budge doomsday. Look at this He's still coming got to get my force field up before Turning on his force field like the punch coming in and he's laughing Ha ha ha just sends booster gold flying. Here comes Superman Let's read this last I think this is the last couple of pages How could one man stand against the whole league? Soon as I'm up over in the horizon I'll be able to check things out with my telescopic vision This booster gold thinking man. I just barely raised my force field in time The force of his blow is overpowering my flight ring If you can do this to me Imagine what he what he did to the beetle to beetle Wonder if that rubber-suited powerhouse is biological or some kind of doomsday machine Here's the first time that it's referred to as doomsday Coal that That's far enough booster That's Superman grabbing them you panel of Superman. Let's see what Superman says I hear you people are having some trouble trouble isn't the word Superman. I'm telling you right now. It's like doomsday is here Continued in Superman number 74.  So this is As far as I know the first time doomsday was called doomsday So pretty important issue and uh, definitely a full appearance of doomsday Part of the death of superman story arc Right. I believe the only one that was outside of the superman titles This was the only outside story until the funeral for a friend and stuff, right? And then after this we have Well, after this we have a few of the issues of superman and the death of superman concludes and Superman number 75 and it's a fantastic storyline Very very emotional and it's a beautiful cover and in this plastic bag that this is sealed and in the bag there's, um, there's, uh There's a card. There's a poster. Um, I can't remember what else was in here Right. Take this out. It's a sealed bag Superman memorial set Superman with fold out splash back cover Full color memorial poster full color commemorative stamp daily planet obituary Black morning arm man Exclusive sky skybox trading card This story arc, uh, including the four pages The four cameo appearance of dune's day They are, uh, available through trade paper back if you feel like reading them So you don't have to go back and collect all the floppy's But this is basically the dune's day story arc with the first appearance Cameo appearance in superman man of stale number 17 Right. I'll see you guys in the next video. Bye for now


This is the abdominal portion of the esophagus and we can see the esophageal opening here And we can see the other end of the opening here the stomach. So this is the gastroesophageal junction This is the cardial notch. This is the fundus of the stomach and we can see the fundus is going like this This is the greater curvature of the stomach and this is the lesser curvature of the stomach And if you notice that the most dependent part of the lesser curvature, there's a groove here This is called the angular incision So if you draw an imaginary line from the angular incision to the greater curvature This portion proximal to that is the body of the stomach From the incision line up to this much is the pyloric andrum and then we have this portion here We have split it open. This is the pylorus or the pyloric sphincter And we can see the pyloric sphincter is composed of thick circular smooth muscle and after that We have the diodenum. So these are the parts of the stomach that we can see This is the anterior surface and this is the posterior surface Now, let's take a look at the blood vessels We see these blood vessels on the greater curvature and we can see this artery here This is the right gastropyploid artery Which is one branch of the gastro diodenal artery. The left gastropyploid artery comes from the spleenic artery And for that I'm going to lift up the spleen here So this is the spleenic artery that we can see here and arising from the spleenic artery We can see this branch. This is the left gastropyploid So the left gastropyploid comes from the left side along the greater curvature and the right gastropyploid comes from the Right side along the greater curvature and they give multiple branches to the greater curvature of the stomach These are the gastric branches and they also gave branches to the greater omentum Which has been removed. Those are called the omental branches. This is one main set of branches Now, let's take a look at the next set of branches to the stomach. We can see this artery here This is the right gastric artery which runs from the hepatic artery on the right side Then we have a left gastric artery which again I will show you from the celiac trunk This is the celiac trunk and we can see the celiac trunk is giving this spleenic artery Which I showed you just a little while back This is the remnant of the common hepatic artery and the smallest branch of the celiac trunk is this one here This is the left gastric artery. The left gastric artery runs from the left side The right gastric artery runs from the right side and they are most here in the lesser omentum in the lesser curvature So this is the main blood supply. Now, let's mention a few points about the interior of the stomach Mucosal folds that we can see here. These are called the gastric rugae If you look at the mucosal folds on the greater curvature side on the body of the stomach We see that they are thick and they are a little irregular. They are responsible for absorption And that's the reason why they reach the surface area. If you look at the mucosal folds on the lesser curvature side You can see that they are more parallel and they are more synchronous This portion is referred to as the gastric canal This is for the preferential passage of liquids from the stomach into the diodenum Having mentioned that, let's mention a few points of clinical correlation The pyloric anterum region is a very common site of gastric ulcer Of course, gastric ulcer can occur anywhere in the body of the stomach. This is a very common site This is the fundus of the stomach, which I mentioned earlier This is the plenic stretcher's peer-view to show Fondal gastrointestinal under the left toe on the diaphragm The fundus of the stomach can push through this esophageal hiatus where my instrument has gone in In this diaphragm into the thorax and that is known as the rolling metal hernia Esophagus and the esophageal gastric junction can pull up like this That is known as a sliding hiatus hernia Children, newborn children, they can be born with great hypertrophy of this pyloric sphincter And that is known as congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis And that can produce vomiting in newborns We can feel this pyloric sphincter through the abdomen And that condition is treated by splitting the pyloric sphincter just like we have done here That's the treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Let's now continue on to the diodenum itself Now we are showing the diodenum So let's take a look at the parts of the diodenum here Again, to bring you up to speed, this was the pyloric sphincter So the portion, just after that, the diodenum starts here D1, the superior part of the diodenum Which is at the level of L1 Then we have the descending part of the diodenum Which is from L1 to L3 Then we have the horizontal part of the diodenum Which is at the level of L3 itself And then we have the ascending part of the diodenum Which is from L3 to L2 And this is the diodenum g-general junction So we have seen the four parts of the diodenum We have split open the diodenum to show you the interior If you take a look at the first part of the diodenum We see that the mucosa is smooth here This is appearing to show the first inch of the first part of the diodenum Which is referred to as the diodenal cap or the diodenal ampulla This is the most common site of diodenal ulcer And a posterior diodenal ulcer can perforate posteriorly And the gastro-diodenal artery is running right behind that Where my instrument is showing And it can perforate into the gastro-diodenal artery And can produce bleeding into the diodenum and to the stomach So that is one very important complication of diodenal ulcer The next thing I would like to draw your attention to are the mucosal pattern of the rest of the diodenum We can see that the rest of the diodenum, the mucosal pattern is transverse Inside the sea loop of the diodenum We can see this is the head of the pancreas And this is the oncinate process of the pancreas Which is trapped inside the sea loop Opening of the pancreatic duct is located here This is the region of the hepatopancreatic ampulla And that is the location of the opening of the pancreatic duct We cannot see the minor pancreatic duct here But what we do see here in this cadaver are some diodenal diverticulum This is a diodenal diverticulum A diverticulum is an abnormal dilation of a wall loop of the intestine So we can see this is a diodenal diverticulum Such a big diverticulum can sometimes compress the hepatopancreatic duct And can lead to jaundice In this cadaver we see second diverticulum here And we can see this is the other diverticulum So this cadaver has got two diodenal diverticula One here and on the region of the hepatopancreatic ampulla And one in the region of the DJF flexure Now let me show you the blood vessels which supplies the diodenal We have already mentioned that this is the right gastropiploid We can see this branch coming This is the superior pancreaticodiodinol I will show you the inferior pancreaticodiodinol now This is the superior miscentric artery And we can see this branch coming here This is the inferior pancreaticodiodinol So therefore the superior pancreaticodiodinol comes from the top And inferior pancreaticodiodinol comes from below And they are the most in the sea loop of the diodenum And they supply the diodenum as well as the pancreas Each of these divides into an anterior division and a posterior division In feeder also divides into an anterior division and a posterior division So therefore within the loop they supply the diodenum So these are some of the points which I want to mention to you about the stomach And the diodenum and their respective clinical correlations Thank you very much for watching Dr. Sanjay Sanyal, Sanyal please like and subscribe If you have any questions or comments please put them in the comment section below Have a nice day


Welcome to downtown Seattle. I don't normally come into the city on a Saturday like this, but I'm here for the Emerald City Comic Con I'm gonna be speaking at a panel on a live podcast recording called the science bar podcast We're talking about science and having drinks my brother-in-law is gonna pick me up because having a designated driver is cool Also downtown is just absolutely wild Disturbingly loud Seattle on a rail Okay, I got my badge official it says it says speakers so apparently I can like cut through some lines. That's good Had to make quick stop at Lodro coffee See at first impressions. This is a Lot bigger than the biggest conference.  I don't know I'm gonna go find out.  I've seen lots of teenagers lots of families So here's the plan it is 1 30. I'm meeting up the rest of my panel at 5 30 That means I have four hours to take all this in Apparently half of it is in the convention center and half of it is over in the highest So if I want to go see the main stage and a bunch of the panels, that's over like five blocks away So I may only get to see half of this. This is this is a lot bigger than I expected So far. I'm very impressed I really like Books I am totally outmatched here. I don't know anything about comic books I thought I understood the layout of the convention center from having been here with other conferences I am utterly utterly confused. I have no idea where I am right now, which is great Which is great. I love that they can reconfigure a space like this to make it totally unfamiliar. I'm just gonna keep walking Glasses are worth the money. You got to look through them every day matters will look cool This appeals to me on so so many levels the technology to program these things the Star Wars Nerdery. I love it. I love this Slightly nicer than the ones I made a PVC pipe and spray paint when I was in high school Okay, apparently they're made out of aircraft aluminum handles and polycarbonate for the blades, so they're probably pretty strong I recognized more costumes than I thought I would which is good lightsabers Everywhere way nicer than the ones I had as a kid tons of kids It's afternoon so a lot of them are falling asleep, which is really cute And I am blown away by how busy this place is and they just keep flowing in The mind of stand-in-line for us the Star Wars are pretty it's pretty rad in here Okay, that's really cool Full-size speeder. I love it. This is us getting ready for our drunken I miss Dragon Ball the series Dragon Ball Z Dragon Ball Z GT These are all my people Seahawks Lego Batman. I think that went well full episode will come out in a month or two They've got a backlog of episodes right now. That was a good time. Thanks for inviting me Okay, that is my day at Emerald City Comic-Con. That's a wrap We finished our podcast our live podcast and our panel discussion We were in sort of a back room in a back corner with a late-time slot and we still had I don't know like 50 50 people in the room. So that's pretty good My only regret is that I went up to get a I went to go try to get a selfie with Shaniqua Martin-Green at her autograph booth and I like I hesitated I wasn't sure if I was gonna go do it pay the money to go get a photo with her and by the time I came back upstairs, she was gone should have been more decisive acted quicker gotten that picture She's still awesome on Star Trek. I Saw a lot of people with cameras a lot of people taking videos So I take it that a lot of people are doing vlogs doing videos But I didn't see anything on the schedule the schedule is massive and immersive and there are meet-ups And but I didn't see anything on vlogging and YouTube So next year Emerald City Comic Con. What do you think? Should we do a panel about vlogging?