Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar IAS Academy. Displayed at the list of news articles taken up for today's analysis along with the page numbers of Chennai, Bengaluru, Delhi and Tiruvananthapuram editions. The handwritten notes in PDF format and the time stamping of all the news articles taken up for today's analysis will be available in the description section and also in the common section for the benefit of the smartphone users. Let us now start our analysis. The first news article is about recent development in detecting malaria where a new paper-based test kit has been developed. The analysis of this news article will be helpful in your prelims preparation under current events of national and international importance and also under general science. The analysis will also be relevant in your main preparation in your general studies paper too under issues relating to development and management of social sector services relating to health where you can use this news as an example as a cost-effective detection or a diagnostic tool. Before discussing the news article, let us see about malaria in brief. Malaria is a vector-borne disease which is caused by plasmonium parasites. These parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected female anopheles mosquitoes which are called as malaria vectors. If you see, there are five parasite species that cause malaria in humans and out of these five, only two of these species pose the greatest threat which are plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. Next if you see, plasmodium vivax is very common in American continents and plasmodium falciparum is common in rest of the world especially if you see in Africa, Southeast Asia and Western Pacific.  In most cases malaria is transmitted through the bites of female anopheles mosquitoes. The mosquitoes bite between the dusk and dawn that is after the sun sets till the sun rises the next day. The intensity of transmission depends on factors related to the parasite that is plasmodium, the vector that is the mosquito, the human host and the environment. Most mosquitoes lay their eggs in water which hatch into larvae eventually emerging as adult mosquitoes. The female mosquitoes seek a blood meal in order to nurture their eggs which they have hatched, so they bite the human beings for the blood. This is how these mosquitoes act as a vector by transferring the malaria parasite into the human body. In rare cases if you see malaria can also be transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplant or the shared use of needles or syringes contaminated with blood. But sexual transmission of malaria is not possible, so please keep this in mind. If you see malaria is an acute febrile illness, here acute febrile means severe fever like conditions. In an individual who is not immune to malaria the symptoms usually appear 10 to 15 days after the infective mosquito bite. The first symptoms such as fever, headache and chills may be mild and difficult to recognize it as malaria. If not treated within 24 hours the malaria can progress to severe illness and often this leads to death. If you see people residing in the malaria endemic areas people may develop partial immunity. This causes asymptomatic infections that is infections without any symptoms in those individuals who are living in the malaria endemic areas. Next the children with severe malaria frequently develop one or more of the following symptoms like severe anemia, respiratory distress or cerebral malaria. In adults multi-organ failure is also very frequent. Here anemia means a condition in which there is a frequency of red cells or of hemoglobin in the blood. Cerebral malaria is a neurological complication and it is characterized by coma and asexual forms of the parasite on peripheral blood smears. Now let us see about the world malaria report of the year 2018. According to this latest world malaria report which was released in November 2018 by the world health organization there were 219 million cases of malaria in the year 2017. If you see this value is at least 2 million more than the 217 million cases which was recorded in the year 2016. The estimated number of malaria deaths stood at 435,000 in the year 2017. And out of this if you see children under 5 years of age are the most vulnerable group which has affected by the malaria. In the year 2017 the children under 5 years of age accounted for 61 percentage out of this total 435,000 deaths worldwide. It means that around 266,000 children died due to malaria. And according to this report India accounts for 4 percentage of the total malaria cases that have been recorded worldwide. Now if you see this picture here malaria is more prevalent in the tropical areas of North and South America than in Southeast Asia and also in majority of Africa. We saw that malaria is a vector-bond disease. Vector control is the main way to prevent and reduce the malaria transmission. The world health organization recommends protection for all people at risk of malaria with effective malaria vector control. There are 2 forms of vector control namely insecticide treated mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying which are very much effective in a wide range of circumstances. Next the anti-malarial drugs. Let us see about the anti-malarial drugs that are available in India. First we have chloroquine and primakwine and also RT-mesanin combination therapy. This RT-mesanin combination therapy consists of RT-sunit. This RT-sunit is an RT-mesanin derivative and it also consists of sulfidoxine and pyrimethamine which is an anti-malarial. If you see monotherapy of oral RT-mesanin derivatives is banned in India. Here you should know that monotherapy means the treatment of a disease with a single drug. Using oral RT-mesanin derivatives will lead to RT-mesanin resistance. Hence it is exclusive usage banned in India. Instead it is combined with an anti-malarial and given. And also know that both chloroquine and primakwine are used to treat plasmodium vivax and RT-saminin combination therapy is primarily used for treating plasmodium falciparum parasite. Now let us discuss the news article. A group of researchers from IIT Guwahati have developed a simple detection method for malaria. This method uses an instrument when in the lab or a piece of chromatographic paper when in the field that is wherever they are moving around. The kit can be used to detect plasmodium parasite which causes malaria and also specifically detect plasmodium falciparum which is commonly found in India. The team has applied for patents for one aptamer and the detection strategy which they have used. Here you should know that aptamer means a short segment of DNA, RNA or peptide that binds to a specific molecular target such as a protein. In this research DNA aptamer were used nothing but a short segment of DNA were used. Being an ordinary syringe fitted with a small magnet, magnetic beads and few chemicals inside the researchers were able to specifically capture the antigen released by the parasites in the blood of the malaria patients. As the blood has many interfering agents the researchers have used magnetic bead tethered aptamer consisting of two small DNA molecules. These aptamer capture only the specific antigens from the malaria parasite strains and separate these from the blood serum to perform the reaction. The magnetic bead helps in holding the aptamer. Once these malaria parasite antigens are separated or captured from the blood serum they interact with specific substrates which is present inside the syringe. Here the blue dye turns into a pink one. The dye is then adsorbed over a modified chromatographic paper. Here know that chromatographic paper is used to separate the colored chemicals or substances. The formation of pink color on the paper indicates that malaria parasites are present in the blood serum. Now when the concentration of a malaria parasite antigen is very high the intensity of the color in the chromatographic paper also increases as you can see in this picture displayed in the news article. The researchers have said that this kit has high stability in hot and humid conditions. So when they are mass produced this kit can be available very cheaper than the existing rapid detection test kit that is available in the market. How this kit works is just for your knowledge you need not memorize all this. Know that a new kit has been discovered and also know the terms like aptamer and chromatographic paper for your exam preparation. Now have a look at the practice prelims question. Let us move on to the next news article. The next news article is about the golden langur. This article is titled as golden langur to get fruits of Mandrega in Assam. Now the analysis of this news article will be relevant in your prelims preparation under current events of national importance, next under Indian polity and governance especially the public policy and also under general issues on environmental ecology and biodiversity. This news can also be quoted as an example for environmental conservation in any of your relevant environment related question as a part of your general studies paper 3 under the topic conservation. Now the news is that for the first time since the Mahatma Gandhi National Dural Employment Guarantee Act which is popularly called as Mandrega became law in the year 2005. This act will have a non-human beneficiary. The non-human beneficiaries here are the rare golden langurs that are found in a reserve forest which is located in the Bungai Gaon district in western Assam. If you see in the last week the district authorities have launched a 27.24 lakh project under this Mandrega scheme. Under this project around 10,575 saplings and seedlings of fruit bearing trees such as Guava, Mango, Blackberry and other trees will be planted. The Assam forest department and local communities will maintain the saplings. Now planting such fruit bearing trees will ensure that the golden langurs that reside in this 17 square kilometer Kakojiana reserve forest do not have to risk their lives to find the fruit. If you see several golden langurs have died due to electrocution and also due to road accidents by looking for food beyond the reserve forest range. Here you should know that electrocution means the death by an electric shock. So the farmers have electric fences on the fringes of the forest in order to protect their agricultural fields. When golden langurs go in search of food beyond the reserve forest range to these agricultural fields then they die due to electrocution. Now this project has been appreciated by the wildlife activists. So they have appreciated the Bungai Gaon district administration. So it actually took an action to conserve the golden langurs. But these activists have said that the effort can be sustained only if Kakojiana is declared as a wildlife sanctuary. We just saw that it is a reserve forest and not a wildlife sanctuary. The news tells that Kakojiana reserve forest was once contiguous which means it was continuous with the Chakrasheela wildlife sanctuary. If you see since the reserve forest is not contiguous now the golden langur population is also very scattered or you can tell that there is a fragmentation of wildlife habitats. This would lead to their population decline in the long run. Community based conservation by local NGOs or the non-governmental organization involving around 34 villages around this Kakojiana reserve forest has helped the low golden langur population in Kakojiana to rise to 500 by the year 2015. But the scarce food saw some of them set up colonies in the forest patches or we can tell in the fragmented forest patches. Hence the district administration has decided to plant fruit bearing trees under this Mandrega scheme as of now. Now that we saw about golden langur let us see some facts about golden langur. Golden langurs are also called as G's golden langur. Here langur means a long tailed arboreal Asian monkey with a characteristic loud call. Here arboreal means they live on trees and the scientific name of this golden langurs are Trakai Pethikas GI. These golden langurs are found only in Bhutan and India and in India they especially found in the North Asian state of Assam and also very close to the border of West Bengal. If you see golden langurs are classified as Endangered as per IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Here IUCN means the International Union for Conservation of Nature. There are only 6500 mature golden langurs in the world out of which 1400 is in India as per the fact given by the district officials in this newspaper. And these golden langurs are also classified under Schedule 1 of Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and they are also listed under Appendix 1 of Sites nothing but the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Now have a look at the practice prelims question. Let us move on to the next news article. The next news article is about Superconductivity. This discussion will be relevant in your current events of national importance and next under General Science. It can also be linked to your main syllabus in your General Studies Paper 3 under Science and Technology, its developments in their applications and their effects in everyday life. Next it can also be linked under Achievements of Indians in Science and Technology and developing new technology and also under awareness in the field of Nanotechnology. In the recent days we have been seeing many news articles relating to Superconductivity. By simply seeing the name we think it is something that is very much related to the complex physics. So today we are going to discuss about what is Superconductivity and why is it of so much importance. First to understand about Superconductivity, we need to revise some basic physics like we need to understand how electrical current passes through a material and what role the resistance plays in this process. The flow of electricity through a wire is actually a flow of electron and electron is nothing but a negatively charged subatomic particle. Then we need a conductor. Conductor is a material in which electricity easily travels. So we can say that a wire is a type of conductor. Now this wire contains copper and we have studied in school that copper is a good conductor of electricity. In electrical conductors current results from the movement of electrons from one atom to the next. Electrons are either positively or negatively charged. Now negative electrons are attracted to positive electrons. If you see at the atomic level a negative electron will jump from one atom to another. This jump causes a negative electron to jump from the second atom to the third atom. Then one jump from the third to a fourth and so on. This jumping of negative electrons from atom to atom is called as electrical flow. So now it is clear that current is the flow of electrons in a circuit or an electrical system. You can also think of current as the volume of water flowing through a water pipe in order to easily understand how current flows. So in short we can say to have an electric current you need to have two materials, one negatively charged material and next a material that has a relatively positive charge and then a conductor that passes electrons from the negatively charged material to the positively charged one. But however this process is not very perfect because not every material passes these electrons as easily as the next and even in the most conductive metals like copper the material offers resistance to the current. Resistance in physics also has the same meaning like how we tell in English. In English it means resistance means refusing to accept a matter and opposing someone or something because of it. Like that in physics resistance means it opposes the flow of current. In other words the entire current cannot pass through the material. In total if the resistance is higher then the flow of electrons will be lower. So when all the current that is produced cannot pass through smoothly the current loses some of its energy in the form of heat. This is why when you charge a phone it gets hot sometimes because there is a loss of energy which you can notice. But this energy loss isn't necessarily bad as this heat energy is what gives us electric lights and other modern technologies such as the reason that a hot dryer blows hot air is because of resistance in the internal wiring that produces heat. But if you are transmitting power from one part of the country to the another then this energy loss is incredibly inefficient. So this is a very big problem which needs to be addressed. Another issue is that the current weakens over time while passing through a resistant material. This is because the strength of the current is slowly taken away as heat energy. That means there is a limit to how far an electric current can travel before it dissipates or disappears entirely. Now this is the reason why superconductivity is so special because superconductivity is when a material stops resisting meaning it has no resistance to an electric current and allows the current to pass through it very freely. So when the current passes through freely there is no energy loss. Hence superconductivity which has a unique material characteristic has the potential to revolutionize electrical transmission, transportation and also physics. Now this superconductivity has two main characteristics. First is the one which we just saw that is zero resistance. The second one is the diap magnetism. To understand diap magnetism let us first know what is a magnetic field. Again we are going into basics physics. Magnetic field is the area around a magnet magnetic object or an electric charge in which the magnetic force is exerted. It is the technical definition now let us put it this way. The invisible area around a magnetic object that can pull another magnetic object towards it or push another magnetic object away from it is called a magnetic field. It is a kind of invisible force fields that surround an object with invisible power that we see in sky-fi movies or books. Magnetic fields are created by moving the electric charge. If you remember in school we used to draw this diagram. Here know that the magnetic field is present everywhere around the magnet not just along the field lines that we draw but even between the field lines. The lines simply help us visualize the direction the field is flowing at various locations around the magnet and even within the magnet. But when the external magnetic field does not penetrate the object and remain at its surface this property is called as diap magnetism. This is a field expulsion phenomenon and it is also known as the Meissner effect which is named after the physicist who first observed it in the year 1933. So, when a magnetic field is applied from outside then the superconductor expels magnetic field and never allows magnetic field to go through it. This leads to levitation of a superconductor like the one you see in this picture. So, levitation is the process by which an object is held aloft that is held up in the air like in the picture without any mechanical support and it is in a stable position. Now, how can a material achieve the superconductive state? To get a material into a superconductive state the material has to be frozen to an extremely low temperature sometimes to only a few degrees above absolute zero. Then for reasons that we cannot still explain electrical resistance abruptly stops and an electrical current continues to flow without interruption like seemingly forever. This is where today's news article has to be linked because Indian Institute of Science which is located in Bengaluru has showed clear evidence of diap magnetism at ambient temperature and pressure. Ambient temperature is nothing but the room temperature but just now we saw superconductivity is achieved when the material is frozen to an extremely low temperature. So, it means superconductivity at ambient temperature is a new breakthrough in physics. The IISC team has been able to achieve superconductivity in gold silver nanostructures at an ambient pressure and temperature of 286 Kelvin that is 13 degree Celsius. Nanostructures refer to materials or structures that have at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometer. Two of the most important properties of superconductivity that is the diap magnetism and zero resistance were seen in the material they studied at 286 Kelvin that is at 13 degree Celsius. The team saw a clear transition from a normal state to a superconducting state. This is more than so far anyone has reported. The material gold silver nanostructure has also exhibited current voltage characteristics with regards to superconductivity. Look voltage is also known as electromotive force. This is the pressure of the electrons in a system. It is similar to water pressure in a pipe. In current voltage characteristic the current is increased while the voltage remains zero and then at a critical current the voltage suddenly increases and superconductivity is destroyed. The IISC team observed that at a critical temperature of 160 Kelvin that is minus 113.15 degree Celsius and at a critical current of a little less than 10 milli ampere the voltage suddenly shoots up and the gold silver nanostructures no longer exhibit superconductivity. This is because the resistance increases rapidly. But whether the data provided by IISC's correct or not can be settled only through the means of scientific discourse that is by peer reviewing and other groups of scientists reproducing it. This is all about the news article. Now let us see some uses of superconductors from exam point of view. Superconductors can carry current in a much more compact form than it is possible with copper. This means that your wires instead of being as thick as they are from the wall to a computer would be as much as smaller. This might not strike you as being a key component because you do not actually devote that much space to the wires in the home or office. But when you talk about supplying the power that is required in a city then you have a different matter in hand. Currently in many places across the world it is approaching the limits in the major cities of the world where it is not able to or possible to fit more wires. So superconductivity will help in this critical planning. The most widely used application for superconductors is an MRI machine which is commonly found in hospitals. Only a superconductive system can allow the energy required to generate a magnetic field that powers an MRI. Besides the MRI machine the most well known use of superconductive materials is in particle accelerators like the kind used in CERN's large headron collider or its proposed future circular collider. In this large headron collider the scientists send trillions of particles around 27 kilometer of tunnels at a speed closer to the speed of light. This is done by keeping the particle beam very stable and moving along the precise path requires a magnetic field of immense power. This requires an enormous amount of energy which can be provided by the superconducting coils. So the world is still exploring more practical applications of superconductors. Whether we come to the end of the analysis of this topic now have a look at the practice prelims question. Let us move on to the next news article. The next news article is about 5G network. The analysis of this news article will be helpful in your prelims preparation under current events of national and international importance and under general science. The analysis will also be relevant in your main preparation in your general studies paper 3 under infrastructure, next under science and technology developments and their applications and effects in everyday life and also under awareness in the fields of information technology that is IT. This news article has appeared in FAQ or frequently asked questions column in all the editions. If you see this article is very extensive so from exam point of view we shall be seeing about 5G technology. 5G technology or the fifth generation technology is the next generation cellular technology which will provide for faster and more reliable communication with ultra low latency. We shall be seeing what is ultra low latency as we discuss the article. If you see a government panel report tells that with the introduction of 5G network the peak network data speeds are expected to be in the range of 2 to 20 gigabits per second. The peak network data speed for 4G network in India at present is in the range of 6 to 7 megabits per second. If you see the 4G speed in advanced countries is up to 25 megabits per second. Here just know that 1000 megabits is equal to 1 gigabit. So we can clearly see that the speed of the 5G network will be at least 900 percentage faster than 4G's maximum data speed. The largest beneficiaries of this 5G network will be the mobile phone users. With 5G technology mobile consumers will be able to download data heavy content that is content with heavy data such as like your 8K movies and games with better graphics in just a few seconds. Like by 2020 when one is using 5G it will just take only 40 seconds to download a 5G movie. But once 5G becomes commercial users will be required to change their current devices in favor of 5G enabled ones. Apart from the personal mobile devices 5G is also expected to form the backbone of emerging technologies. When we speak about emerging technologies things like internet of things and machine to machine communications are all emerging technologies. All these will support a much larger range of applications and services that includes your driverless vehicles, tele-surgery and also real-time data analytics. A government panel on 5G says that the technology will extend the use of wireless technologies. For the first time 5G will be used across completely new sectors of the economy such as in your educational sector, healthcare sector, agricultural sector, financial sector and also in the social sector. One of the primary applications of 5G will be implementation of sensor embedded network. This will actually allow real-time relay of information across fields such as manufacturing, consumer durables and agriculture. 5G can also help make transport infrastructure more efficient by making it smart. 5G will enable vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication as well like making driverless cars among other things a reality. Next let us see some of the advantages in using this 5G technology. First one is the ultra low latency which we just saw during the starting of our discussion. This ultra low latency offered by 5G makes the 5G technology desirable to be used in all these new sectors and areas that we just discussed. Know that latency is the amount of time that the data takes to travel between its source and destination that is from the point source to the destination. So low latency means quicker travel of data. 5G will have an ultra low latency of 1 millisecond. If you see the latency of 4G network is 10 milliseconds. Next is the lower level of investments and costs that is required in setting the physical infrastructure for 5G. The panel report also stresses that even after the entry of 5G into Indian networks the earlier generation mobile technology such as 2G, 3G and 4G will continue to be in use and that it may take 10 or more years to phase them out. Next let us see the economic impact of 5G. This 5G technology is expected to create a cumulative economic impact of $1 trillion in India by the year 2035. This is according to the report by the government appointed panel. Now according to a separate report by the telecom gear maker Ericsson who is a private player this 5G enable digitalization revenue potential in India will be about $27 billion by the year 2026. Additionally the global telecom industry named global system for mobile communications association which is in short called as GSMA is also forecasted about the 5G technology. It has told that India will have 70 million 5G connections by the year 2025. Next let us see when 5G technology will be launched in India. The union minister of electronics and information technology Mr. Ravishankar Prasad has announced that the government plans to start for 5G trials in the next 100 days or that is by the mid-september. The minister has also announced that the government will be holding an auction for spectrum which includes airwaves that will be used to offer 5G or the fifth generation services in the current calendar If you see during the first term of Modi government the central government has set a target of 2020 for the commercial launch of 5G services largely in line with the rest of the world. It is nothing but the 5G would be introduced by the year 2020 but for the trials to begin the government needs to allocate or allot certain amount of spectrum to the telecommunication companies. Hence the government has announced that it will be holding an auction for spectrum. Now to catch up with the advanced countries our Indian government has launched a three-year program which started in March 2018. Now this program's main aim is to advance innovation and research in 5G technology with a budget of around 224 crore. Now this budget amount is not important for us. Similarly a private player called Ericsson has also installed a 5G testbed at IIT Delhi for developing applications in the broadband and low latency areas. All this will help develop India specific usage scenarios and applications. Worldwide if you see South Korea and the United States became the first countries to commercially launch 5G services where they launched the 5G services in April 2019. Now just know that spectrum auction for 5G services is about to take place and the regulator is Troy or the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India because if you see in the news article there is about two subtopics under this spectrum allocation which is not relevant for us. But let us just know what is meant by spectrum auction. Before that you need to know what is meant by a spectrum. If you see electromagnetic waves span a wide range of frequencies and accordingly the wavelengths. This range of frequencies and wavelengths is called the electromagnetic spectrum. Now if you see the government owns this electromagnetic spectrum in India and it auctions specific bands of the electromagnetic spectrum as and when required. So by this auctioning process the government sells the rights to transmit signals to the network operators by providing them a license. In India the network operators include companies like Bharti, Airtel, Vodafone, Geo etc. So this process of auctioning the spectrum is called as the spectrum auctioning. Since the government owns the spectrum spectrum auctions are a major revenue earner for the government. If you see in the last auction held in October 2016 it fetched the government over 65,000 crores which is a very huge amount for the government in terms of revenue. However if you see 60 percentage of the spectrum remain unsolved. Besides the spectrum 5G will require a fundamental change to the core architecture of the communication system. Right now if you see we have LTE or the long-term evolution infrastructure. Simply upgrading the existing LTE infrastructure will not be able to support the various requirements of 5G technology. A report on 5G technology by a private company named Deloitte has told that the industry might require an additional investment of 60 to 70 billion US dollars to properly implement 5G networks. Now have a look at the practice problems question. Let us move on to the next news article. The next news article is about India-Maldives relations. The news article is titled India-Maldives signed six key agreements. The analysis of this news article will be relevant in your problems preparation under current events of international importance. The analysis will also be relevant in your mains preparation in your general studies paper two under India and its neighborhood relations. This news article is of importance due to two facts. One it is the first visit of the newly spawned prime minister of India to Maldives. This visit again proves that India is committed to its neighborhood first policy. The India-Maldives relations are slowly building up after the change of new government in Maldives since November 2018. Before that there was a pro-China government in place in Maldives and the India-Maldives relations were at its worst or very low. Know that this new government of Maldives is pro-Indian and it has declared that it is committed to India first policy. So the prime minister's visit to Maldives is of high importance. Now as a part of this prime minister's visit key agreements were signed and meaningful bilateral level talks were held. This reaffirms the cooperation between India and Maldives. As a part of this visit Indian prime minister Modi was conferred the Maldives highest honor or the award which is called the rule of Nishan Izzuddin by the president of Maldives. The prime minister addressed the Maldivian parliament the Mujlies as a part of this visit as well. Indian prime minister has stressed the need for global cooperation in combating terror when he was addressing this parliament. He has also noted that state sponsorship of terrorism is the biggest threat that the world is facing today and that combating terrorism and radicalization is the most accurate test of the leadership in the world. The memorandum of understanding between India and Maldives covered areas such as hydrography, health, passenger and cargo services by sea, capacity building in customs and civil services training. Here just know that hydrography means the science of surveying and charting bodies of water such as seas, lakes and rivers. If you see India extended 800 million dollar line of credit earlier this year and an agreement was signed for this line of credit in March 2019. Now this line of credit will assist Maldives in achieving sustainable social and economic development. So with this money the Maldives will be doing some social sector and economic related initiatives to develop their country. Now know that the line of credit is not a grant but a soft loan. This soft loan is provided on concessional interest rates to the developing countries by India. So this has to be repaid by the borrowing government. So line of credit is not a grant but a soft loan. This line of credit also helps to promote exports of Indian goods and services as 75% of the value of the contract must be sourced from India. This news article also tells that the prime minister will be visiting Sri Lanka to express a strong message of solidarity with Sri Lankans who are affected by Easter bombings. His visit to Sri Lanka again reaffirms India's neighborhood first policy. So you can use this news as an example in any of your main question which is related to India Maldives relations or which is related to India's neighborhood first policy. With this we come to the end of the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion. Let us now move on to the practice questions discussion session. Consider the following statements about malaria and they have given two statements and have asked for the correct answer. Here the first statement is correct. Malaria is a vector bond disease caused by plasmodium parasites especially by plasmodium vivax and plasmodium fawziperum. The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected female anopheles mosquitoes. Here the second statement is wrong as we saw during our discussion that sexual transmission of malaria is not possible. In rare cases malaria can also be transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplant or the shared use of needles or syringes contaminated with blood. Here the question is asked for the correct statements. The correct answer is option A1 only. Moving on to the second question consider the following statements about G's golden langurs which was recently in news they have given three statements and have asked for the correct statement. Here the first statement is correct as we saw during our discussion that golden langurs are the first non-human beneficiaries under this Mandrega scheme and the fruit bearing trees would be planted under the scheme to help the golden langurs meet their food requirements in their natural habitats only. And the second statement here is wrong they are classified as endangered and not as critically endangered as per IUCN red list of threatened species. The third statement is also wrong if you would have listened carefully our discussion we saw that they are found only in the northeastern part of India here Rajasthan is given so the statement is wrong. So the question is asked for the correct statements the correct answer is option A1 only since both the statements are 2 and 3 are wrong. Moving on to the next question which among the following describes superconductivity which is often seen in the news. The question is asked for the description of superconductivity now if it is a really confusing question if you are not paid attention to our discussion session. If you remember the discussion we studied that superconductivity as two main characteristics first is zero resistance and then is the diamagnetism from this we know that the answer should contain zero resistance which is available in option C and D so we can directly eliminate other two options. In these two options C and D one says it conducts electricity and another says it stops the conducting of electricity look it is very obvious that superconductivity should mean conducting electricity because we know conductor is a material in which electricity easily travels so we can eliminate the option which says does not or stop the conduct of electricity. Hence correct answer is option D it is the ability of certain materials to conduct electric current with zero resistance so option D is the correct answer. Moving on to the next question which of the following statements is are correct with reference to 5G communication technology they have given three statements and have asked for the correct statements here the first statement is wrong 5G technology has not yet been commercially launched in India it is being planned to be launched by the year 2020. The question is asked to choose the correct statements if the first statement is wrong you can directly eliminate options A, B and C so we will get the answer option D but let us also see the other two statements. So the second statement tells that 5G has ultra low latency levels the statement is correct know that latency is the amount of time data takes to travel between its source and destination so low latency means quicker travel of data and 5G will have an ultra low latency of one millisecond if you see the latency of 4G network is 10 milliseconds the third statement is also correct as we saw there are possibilities of utilizing this 5G technologies in tele-surgery and driverless cars and also in real-time data analytics so always try to use the elimination technique you can start from any statement that you know better so whenever you are trying to study about technology related questions try to understand the basic concepts and terminologies which is more than enough wherever possible try to compare the latest technology with its previous versions mostly UPSC questions are based on comparisons and basic concepts and terminologies with respect to science and technology but this we come to the end of the practice question discussion session and also the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion to like comment and share the video and subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for latest videos and updates stay focused and motivated friends thank you


Hello wiki tree and we've got Steve Harris here Good morning, Steve. I'm doing great. How are you? good good Have a little bit of a different locale here for my videoing this morning. We have a We have somebody coming in to check our AC and I don't didn't want the dogs to interrupt everybody's familiar with my dogs, so So we have a different look for the day I See Mindy's here. We've got a lesh in here and it's several other visitors from what sounds like all over at least our country And of course a lesh is is over in Europe, so that's nice today What's up miss Liz? Yes So today we're gonna be talking about projects Which is really cool because we have a broad range of projects We're gonna cover what a project is What they do how to join them and a number of other things that Steve has packaged up for us, so Should we get started Steve you want to just jump right in got anything else you want to share before we get going I'm ready to go Well, let's start out with can you just tell us what a project is on wiki tree? So at the most basic level Projects are a group of members who are organized around a specific topic or volunteer activity The projects make it easier for members who are interested in the same profiles or types of volunteer work To find each other communicate and better coordinate their efforts great So we have main projects which are like umbrellas I guess and then we have Projects that fall under that and then we have sub projects and all of that Distinguishment do you want to kind of define those for us? Right? So we kind of have three types of projects top-level projects sub projects and free space projects Actually have a little slide I can share nice All right, hopefully that's showing up. So the first one are our top-level projects These are really the most formal projects on wiki tree and These will have at a minimum, you know two project leaders a project to count a project box for managing their profiles They're also going to have at least five or more active members usually much much more than this, right? Project page which is in the project namespace a tag that members follow And even a unique badge that is issued to members of that project From there we have sub projects. They're very similar to top-level projects, but they're less formal So they're usually more focused in their scope at times breaking down a top-level project into kind of like a smaller focus area They can contain a lot of Or some or even all of the different elements of a top-level project, but they're not actually required One exception that we'll really see on sub projects is for member badges So not all sub projects will have a unique badge for their members And instead they're going to rely on the badge of their top-level project So as an example in the United States project as an umbrella for all of the individual state projects US black heritage southern colonies They all have their badges. So there's a little bit of exceptions to the rules Even though they're considered sub projects of the United States top-level. So again, they're they're a lot less formal That the badge thing kind of happened because of the evolution of our projects Isn't that right like some of these were kind of they had a project or a badge at the beginning But then we had to do some reorganizing to help things make more sense Right. Absolutely. Am I right? As projects have grown We kind of have a limited space for the amount of badges that we're able to create an issue, right? There's always some type of limitation there And what we're also starting to find is some of the newer projects as they were coming up Fit well with another project. So instead of having Two separate projects with different members working on very similar profiles It's why not everybody coordinate together? Right. So if you're a member of a sub project, you're in a roundabout way a member of that top-level project as well Especially if the sub project is relying on that top-level badge Cool. Okay The next one And probably kind of confusing for a lot of people are free space projects These are the least formal of all the project types They're essentially whatever you want them to be. They're easy to start. They're easy to set up And they could be for really anything it could be a long-term project that you know Eventually will bring a lot of traction a lot of members Or it can even be like one of the one-off projects that has kind of a defined start and end date And then later on just becomes like a compiled resource page as an example Um So I mean there's a lot of options with them So like sub projects, they're not going to have member badges, right? It's going to anybody's badge It's going to rely on either a sub project or a top-level project that it may logically fall under But they might have a sticker Right. Yeah, there's definitely stickers that we can use for those. Yeah Um and some examples of those free space projects are going to include like one name and one place studies Which fall under the one name and one place studies projects uh cemetery pages Descendant groups um dna research pages and even project teams cool So what happens if somebody starts a free space project and it turns out to go gangbusters and it starts growing and growing Oh, actually Mindy and I had the same question at the same time Yes, can it can it morph into a more formal project? Yeah, absolutely. Um, so a lot of ideas are going to start at the kind of free space Level that's where you can really try to define what your goals are what your tasks are what you're trying to accomplish Um and then later on like we said as the membership grows or interest grows in that project It's time to kind of move it up the ranks so to speak so Um initially when a free space project is created Um, it's housed into a new projects category Which is something that a1 used to monitor that i'm monitoring now And as these new free space projects are popping up I'll kind of reach out to leaders that may have an interest in that topic So they can see about maybe absorbing that into their project as maybe a team or you know Just a you know sub project or something of that nature. So they can definitely move up the ranks now All the way to top level project It's possible. Maybe not as likely Just because we have a lot of top level projects now. They're they're pretty formal You know, but you know if there was a country breakout for example I think we have an asia project now But if they were wanting to do specific countries and we had enough members and leaders to support that Then it could become a top level project Okay, cool And I hope everybody who's watching right now knows you can ask questions and we'll we'll get to them as we go along here So feel free to chime in Yeah, absolutely So we've got a ton of different kinds of projects on wiki tree Can you categorize for us and tell us what types are available right now? Oh, yeah, absolutely. Um The main This is going to be another confusing part for a lot of people. There's two main divisions of projects or what I call divisions Those are going to be projects which manage profiles such as geographical and topical projects and those who do not manage profiles Those are going to be functional projects or people who are working on a specific You know activity on wiki tree not necessarily that they're working on Profiles themselves Have a little breakdown for that as well So the first one is geographical projects These are focused on a specific geographical area or maybe even a specific country So for example, we have projects for England, Italy, the united states Right, everybody's familiar with those but we also have a few projects like salavic routes that cover the share Countries of Croatia, the Czech Republic, Poland, etc And all of these projects will be managing profiles at some point within their organization Next one are topical projects. They're focused on a specific topic or theme So these are generally more global in nature not always restricted to a specific geographical area, although they could be Um, or they're very highly focused to certain types of profiles events or time periods So for example, some of our top levels notables the mayflower project the dna project magna carta military and war, etc Right. Um, and again, they're all going to be working on managing profiles at some point in time. Okay And then last certainly not least are our functional projects So these are projects that focus on doing a certain type of activity on Wiki tree rather than focusing on a specific group of people Okay, so these are members like our greeters and rangers the mentors mediators moderators data doctors the templates team You know things that nature they're working but kind of behind the scenes so to speak to make sure That the tree can be the best that it can be Right I have a question for you. Okay. So, um We talk about projects managing profiles. So what does that mean? What what does it mean when they manage a profile? Why would they manage a profile? And does that mean that nobody else can work on that profile? No, absolutely not. Okay, so The basic concept is the further that we go back in time. We're going to run into a lot of shared ancestors You know these ancestors from pre 1700 pre 1500 could have hundreds or thousands or much more descendants So there's going to be a lot of interest as people start to build back in your tree What the project is doing is kind of taking Responsibility to help that profile and help all the descendants who may be interested in it So instead of someone just being able to jump in and make changes For a widely shared ancestor or maybe even one of the famous notables We have what's called ppp or project protected profiles where a project can protect it To make sure that it stays as safe as possible Now anybody can still contribute to the profiles in a number of ways. They can work directly with the project They can leave comment profiles or um profile comments. Excuse me. Got that backwards So they can collaborate with everybody make sure they have all their facts and sources straight Before they start jumping in and making changes like removing a parent Right things that nature So um, if somebody wants to work on a managed profile Um, they're actually probably going to be working with the whole project membership because the project Overseas that right right absolutely. Um And so that's kind of like having a group resource that available to them. Yeah, absolutely One of the great things about wiki tree and having this collaborative genealogy is that everybody has an expertise in different areas And when you start to put all of that together find all these additional resources ideas and you know knowledge and that's all shared together You know, there's some really great things that can come of it. Um I mean look at our tree now and how it's expanding, right? Obviously, that's all due to these members who are working together trying to make all the profiles be the best that they possibly can be right Um, and mendee has a good question She wants to know what's the best way to reach a project and to collaborate with them or to collaborate on a single profile There's quite a few different ways the one that I suggest myself is directly through g to g So each project is going to have that unique tag, you know that we talked about And most if not all the members of the projects are going to be following those tags So if you're wanting to reach out to the canada project, for example, you would tag a g to g post with canada And you know, that's going to grab their attention. It's going to come in their email feeds You know and for those who are just monitoring g to g all day long Looking to help other people, you know, they're going to be able to find those posts and be able to help them out Right and of course you can always go to the project page and find out who the leaders are or Um, do we or look at the badge feed? For that, absolutely. So yeah, there's there's definitely the badge feeds that we can look at to see who all may be a member Um, besides g to g. I would probably say the project page itself A lot of projects have information about how to contact them The leaders will be listed the project coordinators will be listed There may be teams that specialize in certain areas And if a profile or a question that you have relates to one of those teams You can reach out to a team leader or members of that team to get assistance So how do the How do the the members of the project communicate with each other generally besides some of them go through g to g others use Some of them use g to g um, a lot of them a lot of projects use google groups So they have um project accounts set up as an email list Where everybody can communicate if anybody sends an email to that group It's filtered out to everyone so they can all communicate back and forth It's a great place for leaders and project coordinators to send out information to the group On tasks that they may need help with challenges that they're working on for the month Or for members just to ask questions Um Not all projects, but some projects do have kind of an open google group where anybody can post to it whether they're a member or not Um, that's typically stated on their project page. They'll have a link and you can just email To that google group and the members can respond to you in that fashion as well okay And then if you if we wanted to find Maybe you're going to get to this later, but um How would you find a project if I wanted to go find the magna card or project for example Since I see liz is out here talking about that. Um, where would I go to find it? The the best page to look for that will be help projects So that'll give you a listing of all of the main top level projects and in some cases sub projects Let me see I could pull up my screen. I think you want the find menu Find projects not help projects, right? Well, the the page itself is help projects, um, but it's through the find a menu So if you go to okay, oh, I got what you're saying. Yeah. Yeah, it's an help yeah, sorry Now I'm confusing everybody. Yeah Yeah, so you can always get to the project list through the find menu Correct through the find menu and it'll just say projects and it'll take you to the help page for projects for projects Gotcha. Gotcha Right and again, it'll it'll it'll break them down into those geographical topical functional. So they're kind of easier to find Okay Yeah, it's a great list that we have out there. It shows um You know project leaders and some of the sub projects that are associated with top levels and Pretty cool So we with projects we have project leaders And what did they do what your project leaders do and are they the only ones that are allowed to lead a project? Absolutely not. That's a good question This is another one of the topics that you know, there may be a lot of confusion on what I When I talk about project leadership, I'm talking about the entire project as a whole no matter what role You may actually be holding Um, I can share my screen again. Let me Get here. So we'll just kind of start off with let's say the project leaders um This is what a lot of people See and think of when we say the term leadership, but this is literally a role that is called project leader Um, they have kind of special powers and ongoing Responsibility as a role on the wiki tree website So they're able to do certain things such as add and remove project badges for members Add and remove the ppp status that we talked about for managed profiles Um, they also help to deliberate on pre 1500 certification requests um pre 1700 certification request as needed And they're also required to serve as a ranger, a mediator, a moderator or a mentor So this helps them kind to give back to the community as well, right? So leader really means that you are helping to lead So this is another way that they're able to give back outside of their own project Now within the project scope itself Leaders are Primarily responsible for the overall project Making sure that there are you know defined goals that there are tasks that can that will help members to contribute to those goals um You know just kind of overall steering the ship right Next we have project coordinators And project coordinators no matter The terms used they actually help lead projects They just don't have the formal project leader status or role on wiki tree So they'll have the project coordinator badge But with that they also have a couple of options available to them So they're able to answer questions from those who are interested in the project They help monitor the project's g to g tag that we talked about earlier So if you had a question you reach out to them these project coordinators going to be monitoring that Trying to make sure that they help everybody who has questions They provide information back up to the project leaders as necessary So making recommendations for improvement or if a member has an issue or a question You know that they can't answer they filter that back up to the project leaders who have a little more resources available to them And with the project coordinator badge they can also edit parents spouses children On project protected profiles and they can also use gedcoms to Or gedcoms however you want to say it to edit project protected profiles Okay, cool And then last But certainly not least are team leaders. So team leaders are kind of a new development in the project space It's only been around for a couple of years um In these team leaders will help lead specific project teams And help coordinate members on those teams, right? So they don't have any special Abilities on wiki tree, but they do play a vital role in helping their projects So they're working with the project leaders and the coordinators, you know on a Weekly or daily basis to formulate what the goals are for their teams and send out tasks to help drive their team towards meeting those goals um And they also help to identify like future team leaders as an example that may be able to step up You know and help out. So again when we talk about leadership, we're talking about Really all of those kind of members of a project the leaders the coordinators and the team leaders all together form The leadership team. They're all kind of responsible for specific actions and areas within that project Gotcha And and they're all critical roles because they all do a little something different. Oh, absolutely Absolutely, especially when you start getting into some of the larger larger projects that have hundreds of members You know, if you have a project that may only have two leaders It's hard for two people to you know, really help a project that has hundreds and hundreds of members So by having project coordinators and team leaders, you're able to divide Your main group your project into smaller projects where everybody can communicate with each other Well, that kind of goes along with the question Liz just asked She said when are the groups that fit under a top project considered sub projects? And when would they be termed a team? So the difference between a team and a sub project, right? So there is a little bit of flexibility between teams and sub projects. So teams Are generally kind of smaller in nature. Maybe I don't want to throw out any hard numbers But let's just say, you know, 10 to 15 members who are working on a specific type of task A sub project is going to be a little more formal than that They're going to have a little more formal structure and the sub project may have their own teams as well But when we start getting into the sub project level, that's when they're going to have an actual page in the project namespace They're going to have Coordinators and leaders who are trying to help drive that project forward in addition to any 10 leaders that they may have And some some projects like we said depending on how they're growing how they're managing profiles They may also Now have their own project account and project badge. So again, it's just depending on how much the project go Grows and it's really kind of up to the discretion of the projects and that's something that I can help assist them with You know, is it so expand? So a sub project would be focused around a particular topic Whereas a team is probably more focused around a task That helps the sub project or the top level project accomplish something. Is that right? Can you give an example of what a team would do? Oh, yeah, absolutely. Um I three main examples so There's quite a few projects that will have like a membership or onboarding team And those are people who are specifically focused on helping new members to the project Get acquainted with everything that's going on learn about the goals learn about the tasks Maybe help get them situated into The google groups or maybe the discord server so they can do live chats Help them with moving through an orphan trail as an example like the england project does other teams may be focused on a specific activity such as the database suggestions making sure that all profiles are Clean and free of errors or that any suggestions on those profiles have been taken care of while other teams may be focused onto a specific Topic like the notables of whatever Okay, and I think I'm aware of Um, shoot. I can't remember which team which uh project does this but they have like a Or maybe a number of them do have like a managed profiles team Yeah, so they keep they keep their eye on any correspondence or questions that come in about projects or profiles that the project manages Absolutely, so, um, that would be another I'm pretty sure, you know, we're talking about some of our larger projects like england scotland Canada that they I believe they all have Managed profiles teams. Yeah I'll ask a question here about um, can teams belong to two projects like data doctors in england and I think I I mean it's I think there's like some crossover there where data doctors is functional England is a subject but England might have a team That works as data doctors on england projects. Is that? right, um Real realistically how it works is Not all members of Let's say a england data doctors team have to be actual data doctor project members Um, their focus is more Um scoped in nature, right? So they're only working on england profiles However, there should be, you know, some collaboration and coordination between The team and the data doctors project Right, so information can be passed around if there's new suggestions that are out You know, they'll probably want to follow the data doctors tags So they get that information as it's posted to help keep them up today. So it's not really that they're Um, belonging to two different top level projects But there's a lot of interface and collaboration and communication that will be going on at those. Yeah I guess the way I look at that is that the data doctors kind of support the projects in that they're helping to, you know Alesha organizes the the suggestions for us and Makes makes the different projects aware of what needs to be corrected or worked on or Right, right. So it's kind of a support role by the data doctors in a way Absolutely So if we want to if somebody wanted to join the leadership of a project, how would they do that? And and how do you become a project leader? Who who decides that? Um So Right now, um project leaders are nominated from among the superstars of the community Those are the ones that have the superstar badge. Um, and that's a badge that's awarded by other leaders Um But having that superstar badge is, you know, only A small first step of the process. So in order to become a project leader It it's typically going to be a member who's already showing leadership in one or more projects, you know Maybe they're serving as a project coordinator They're working as a ranger or mentor, you know trying to help the community already You know, it's not something that you can just volunteer for In the sense of I want to be a project leader sign me up and You know, I want my badge. It's more of a Be active in your projects, right? Be a voice. Don't be afraid to step up and reach out to assist the leaders when they're when they need it, you know, kind of Help with those leadership tasks and you know, you'll you'll start to get right And if you want to if it's something that you're interested in You know working towards talk to the the project leader that you're working with and say, you know, what do I need to do? To reach that level of expertise Absolutely. If you're already in a project reach out to your project leaders reach out to your project coordinators um Ask them what they can do to assist how how they can work on becoming them or you can reach out to me as well you know, I Just some general pointers to help you kind of get through the process You know, the the one thing to kind of think of is you can be A great contributor to a project Or to wiki tree in general, you know, you're great at research or great at working on profiles You have expertise on a lot of areas, but if you're kind of silent and hiding in the background You're not communicating with people in g to g and offering your systems. You're not You know fully participating in the projects, you know, you could be unintentionally overlooked, right? It's definitely not intentional But with hundreds of members in a project just remember that, you know, those who kind of stand up will stand out Sure So there's different you're talking about different types of leaders. There's the project leaders. How do you become a Project coordinator for example So team leader Yep So kind of how we talked about projects earlier where we have kind of more formal and less formal project coordinators Are kind of a less formal Role on wiki tree So these are the members that again also help to lead the projects without the formal project leader status permissions ongoing requirements They're helping to coordinate members of the specific project. They're working with we want to work together on the same tasks You know, they act as the driving force behind the project itself And they are chosen by their project leaders for those projects So for example in the canada project those project leaders are You know grabbing those outstanding members of their project and moving them up to a project coordinator level Giving them some tasks that they can do and monitor on a daily basis They have a little more responsibility to right absolutely And if you're on a project that maybe doesn't have a lot of project coordinators Or you see that there's a lot of requests for help reach out to a leader You know tell them you're you're willing you're volunteering to help Or your leader may approach you again just based on your work within the project So there's no formal nominations Or review process or anything like that there is with the leaders It's if a project leader wants you as their project coordinator You're in good standing with the community then they can award you that badge cool It's it's uh, it's extra responsibility, but it's also very satisfying to be able to participate like that Yep, absolutely Now what about question? Oh, yes, she does Can project coordinators award badges? Not yet, um, we do have some kind of in the works We do have something kind of in the works for it. I won't uh, share too many details just yet But it's something we're working on You know when you're working on a project that only has two leaders and you have project coordinators or team leaders Who are helping to monitor gdg and onboard new members it becomes kind of troublesome to have to pass around You know members to different phases or different levels within the project up to a leader to go award a badge so Again, I won't share too many details, but it is something we're looking into and hopefully we'll have available Well, terra has another really good question that kind of leads into my next question She wants to create a free space page to coordinate family research on some of the family's ancestors Can you give us an example of some kind of project that would be similar to that that could help her? Kind of get that focused and organized Now you're gonna make me find one Um So I'll start with like you know if you're working on a family if you're working on like a surname You know maybe then a good place would be to start with with a one-name studies project project um So while one-name studies are more globally focused on every occurrence of that surname even if they're not related to each other um There's kind of those teams and free space projects underneath a one-name study That you can do that center around centers around a specific family Um, and then I'm gonna head over to Should I do a little dance while you're looking keep everybody I've got to get Category like a little awkward silence to help things out Yeah Though the one-name studies terra might be something that you're interested in looking into if you're looking at particular ancestor It might help you to trace that particular ancestor's paternal line Right, so that that could be a way to get started Absolutely, so I am ready. Let me get over to Share my screen Okay, so from the witch tree homepage If we go to find categories And we're gonna land on the main categories page. We have a large or a rather large category grouping family topics So you'll see a lot of kind of examples in here that cover a range Of different scopes, right? So things focusing on like family heirlooms given names Controversial pedigrees big families and again one name studies on one place studies kind of fall under that So this is a good resource to kind of look around and see what other members are doing Um, I don't have a specific page that I can show you right off of the bat. I'd have to dig through a couple of them Um, but this is a good place to really look See how others are working on Right and even the structure of the one name studies might be useful for her Could we could we take a look at one of those? Oh, yeah, absolutely. You just kind of give her an idea of what What people are putting on the page to help So let me just go to the one name studies itself I'll put us back over here But these are the stickers where So again, a lot of this is going to be specific to the one name studies itself, but this will help you kind of drive your pages here, but Looking at your main page how you're going to break it down into sections So give some information about the project what you're trying to do define your goal, right? Even if just for yourself if you're going to be the only person working on provide your goal You know, maybe allow other people's to join you if they're if they're willing to Create research pages these research pages are where all of the day-to-day operations are going to happen So this could be a specific family unit that you're working on that you can later group together, etc And then just through your research collect your data analyze it put put it all in one place You know where you can start making those connections And if you're working on a particular ancestor terra, this this could be helpful to give you some guidance on setting up your research You might want to include something like a timeline for their life Different connections in different locations that they've lived and and then we get into the one place studies Which can help you focus on you know the the parts of that family that ended up In one location and who else they they were connected to in that location There's a lot of different ideas and i'm sure you could get some help What's with from other people who've done similar things if you ask that question out in g2g? Absolutely Yeah, so Final question steve That that kind of covered a little bit of this but not entirely How do I start a project if I want to start something? What do I do? okay My recommendation is just number one start at the free space level right? We have a page that'll kind of help you walk you through some questions on You know, do you want to start it now or can you wait or does it fit within another project? My advice is go ahead and get it started at least get something documented So others can help you and see where it may fit in so from wiki tree We have our find or excuse me our admin view We're gonna do add new project So this will take you to a form that you can fill out It's very similar to creating a free space page and this will create a free space page for you But it kind of gives you an outline that you can follow name your project Add a tag that may be relevant And then you know provided description of the project. What is your goal? What are the tasks? What are you trying to do? How can people communicate with you? Again, you'll see that when this project is being created that it's automatically going to be added to the category new projects That's something that I'll be monitoring with Again, I reach out to leaders when I see these pop up and see You know This is very similar to what you may already be working on or hey This looks like it'll fit within the england project for example And I'll reach out to those that leadership team and let them know about these new free space projects So they can start collaborating with that member now. Obviously if it doesn't fall within any of that Um, a great example of one is the classic disney project Right. So the classic disney project was started. It's a simple free space page It's gained a lot of traction. They've made a lot of good progress And we were able to put that underneath the notables project Again, just where it logically fits and there's a lot of great work going on that In that classic disney project is still right now just a free space page Right, they use the free space page to do all their documentation They're using g the g to provide updates and you know attract new members and things of that nature. So yeah That was a cool idea Oh, absolutely. Um, mindy asked if there's a category for one-place studies and I'm going to say yes, there is Um, we did cover a lot of that in our one-place studies Um, livecast a couple weeks ago. So if you guys are interested it, it's in our youtube feed Right. So I just went to find categories to get on our main Category navigation here and under family. We have one-place studies And this and I think that's a complete that answers Sorry to interrupt that answers liz's question about the family topics category. That's where you just were Could you back up once and show her exactly how you got there? It is on the main category listing. So at category categories Um for again by doing find Categories, we'll take you to this page and family And again, this will have a lot of topics underneath it Things to review So if you're working on one of these family type projects Who we were talking about earlier is it may not be exactly the same It may be very similar to what others are doing again just to give you an idea of how they're going through it Um, there's even a category for family Projects that you can at least put it in to get started. So you see here. There's one for looks like the wid all family or the Heinz family project and that's a category where they're copying all their pages and information together So it's all in one place. Great It's very cool So does anybody if anybody else has any more questions chime in and we'll we'll get to those before we lose steve Do you have anything else steve that you'd like to share with us about projects? Anything popped into your head while we were chatting here not yet? I mean, you know projects and leadership is something that we could really talk for hours and hours and hours about You know, so maybe in the future we can do another live cast and go a little deeper into some of these topics You know, or if we have a bunch of questions Coming up in g2g So if you've seen the g2g post about today's live cast feel free to go there if you have any additional questions I will keep my eye on that a when I'll keep her eye on it And we'll jump in and answer questions and possibly again do another live cast and dive a little deeper into some of these topics Yeah, good plan. I did notice um denisa while back mentioned something about discord And I don't think we covered that but most of our projects have a channel on our discord server And it's just an informal way for project members to communicate with each other live So um, it's not like video live unless you want it to be but we all talk Use text chat to get out there. You might be able to ask a quick question of your project leader. Where do I find this or I'm stuck here Yep, but it's not a place where we settle policy or anything. It's just for quick help Right, right. Yeah, anything that has to do with you know, policy discussions things that nature That's always going to be in g2g, right? That's really the heart our community is in g2g discord and You know, even the google groups that just gives you another way to be able to collaborate with others the people that you are specifically tied to So we do have a wiki tree discord server That is the main server and each of the projects will have a channel There's a couple of bots that we have running in there that do various things such as automatically assigning You know permissions to see different channels and things of that nature And how would we find out how to get there steve? How would we get to the discord server to get To get connected so let's see Here yet I know the answer. I'm just being coy. So I'm navigating around but it's always going to be through help pages Yes help categories But here we are so once again, we're going to go to help help And that lands us on the main category for wiki tree help And if we just scroll down we have an entry specifically for discord And on this page you will find a lot of the information you're looking for, you know, what is it? Why are we using it? Why is it called discord? Which was not our choice, right? We did not name it. It's a yeah, it's a third party piece of software yep Very popular. It's a couple page, you know, one of the founders just said it sounds cool Yeah, so there's no real rhyme or reason to it. But there's a link Directly to the wiki tree discord server when you click on that you can sign up for an account We do have a little bit of a registration process We just ask the you know users change their name To include their wiki tree id so that we can validate them That keeps all the spammers and all that sorts of stuff out of those channels. Yep So and once you get there it takes a look at your profile when you give it your profile id And it goes out and it we have a little bot that goes out and looks at your profile and says Oh, they belong to this this and this project. So then you're assigned those roles And you'll be able to go in those channels and chat with the other project members, right? That's another one of Alessia's babies, right, you know, he's All the technical side of everything So he's got that all set up for us. We we don't have to go in and individually apply roles to people Um, the bot automatically like Julie said looks at your profile Retrieves, you know, like your badge information and adds you automatically to all the channels Yep Now while we were talking steve, we had a really good question come up What happens when our project becomes inactive? That that's a fun one so It is What we like to call, you know kind of an inactive project is is basically dormant. Um, that's where they don't have any Anybody on the leadership team There's no rule members that are working on the project itself in those cases all of the information stays there You know, it stays categorized. It's just not something that's advertised in g to g or, you know Not in the newsletter. There's nothing really going on with them Um, but again in a lot of cases even if a project that is a top level project or um A sub project, you know, even though there's not Two project leaders or maybe there's no project leaders currently as long as we have people on the leadership team Then the project will never really go inactive or go dormant as we call it as long as we have some type of leadership There who is able to help the members and that they're members who are willing to help the goals of the project Right and we have a finite number of project leaders So we might have a project that That initially had a lot of interest Um, and maybe the project leaders that were leading it had to step away from wiki tree for a period of time It happens, you know life takes over sometimes and so sometimes the The project will go leaderless, but if we've got still got project coordinators around they can help to lead Some of the aspects of the project and we'll have other people, you know Step in to help when necessary if I mean like right now our project coordinators can't give badges But if we have somebody that wants to join for example, I can't think of a dormant project right now Switzerland is Switzerland. No, they're active, right? Yep I'm not I can't think of one right now, but yeah I mean there may be a couple of those again that are leaderless one thing to remember is that we're all volunteers here Right, so They're volunteering their time in that capacity Yep, I sure got it, right Everybody on wiki tree really is a volunteer They're volunteering their time and things do happen, you know, they need to step down They'd like to go emeritus. They may come back later Or they may just not be able to devote time to A project if they're leading multiple projects and you will see that they'll have leaders that are trying to help lead Three or four projects at a time and and and again, it's it's a big toll on volunteers Well, and that's that's why we asked for people to start projects small with the free space project Right, absolutely because it and as it gathers interest then it might blossom into a bigger project Right emboss them in a bigger project. Well, not only that like I said, and if we can also Logically put those smaller projects underneath Another project then those leaders can assist with those tasks as well and they have the help that they need But for any of the projects that may be leaderless at this time and they're still active members There's still project coordinators, you know, I'm another point of contact Feel free to reach out to me if you're needing to onboard new members You'd like to give them a badge, but there's no leader available Shoot me an email. I'll be more than happy to go in and help you with any of that I can answer any questions for you Another thing that we've kind of seen in g2g Is, you know, well, can you assign a leader to my project? Right and again going back to our leaders our volunteers The one thing we don't want to do Is force anyone into a project that they're not going to be happy with they're not going to be able to Give it their full attention. They're not going to give it everything that it deserves Or they might not be comfortable with the topic. So right they may not be knowledgeable in the area and things that nature I could never serve as a leader of the england project or the candidate project It's just way out of my wheelhouse, right? So I stick to the things that i'm good with I can learn a lot from the england project if I was to become a member Um, but being able to lead that project is completely different and you'll see that a lot as well project leaders who are leading one project And they're just a member of another project You know, so even though it is a global scoped role and they have certain responsibilities and abilities that they can do Just being a project a leader alone doesn't make them, you know, the master of everything, you know, right? Well, and if we don't have leaders for a project, you know It doesn't prevent the people who are interested in that topic from collaborating together, right? Absolutely And and ultimately if you need for it to become more formalized, you know, work with work with steve He'll he'll help you find a way So, uh, midi had asked what the ratio of project leaders to members are and if I remember right we try to have one leader for Is it every thousand members? I'm not sure we're there. It's just not that easy to find it. Yeah it's You know, I I know And she has to you know, follow up with that as well. Is there a limit to the number of leaders? Um Not really Right and again since it is a volunteer position There's been a lot of you know members who have been nominated Hey, you've been nominated become a project member Would you be willing to help step up and some of them are like, you know, I do this as a hobby I really don't want to go Beyond that and I would like to just stay a member. I'll help you in whatever way that I can but I'd rather not be a project leader Um, it is a responsibility. It's a lot. It's more than just being a standard member I mean you have to you have to be part of the functional projects because Our leaders help keep keep the uh the website running right And now chris kind of brings up a good point here. He said that um, I myself was kind of the leader of the italy project before azure took over anyone assisted with that and Basically what I did is I knew the italy project needed help And I had the time and resources available to help them. So I just kind of stepped in and filled that role until You know another leader became available to really devote their attention to that project So I wasn't help drive changes or anything, but I was there to assist with the day-to-day operations Sure, some of the admin stuff. Yeah, absolutely the admin stuff that I had access to that not everybody else did Right, right All right. Well, this has been really great. I don't know. I don't if you guys have more questions Like steve said pop out to the g2g post for this video and uh Ask it out there. They'll they'll keep an eye on it because we absolutely About to the end of our allotted time here It's been a lot of fun. You guys had great questions. I hope you all feel better informed And hopefully we'll be back in another couple of weeks or so with another Really fascinating video of topics about wiki tree So thanks for coming you guys we'll see you soon All right. Bye Oh hang on I clicked the wrong button


So I thought for Christmas, it is Christmas, it is Christmas, we'll pick 12 subjects that we're excited about for 2018 and like we can quiz each other about them. Okay. Two minutes. All right. Okay. My subject for the two minutes is background fetch. Oh, background fetch, didn't we have that before? No. What was it we had, the thing that we had before? Oh, you're thinking of background sync. Right. Background sync, service worker event that would happen next time you had connectivity. Okay. And you could do sort of whatever you wanted there. Okay. It's not that. What is background fetch? Now, that's a very open-ended question, which you could have said. What is the use case for background fetch? Right. So think about a long download that's going to, you know, maybe take... Videos. A video. Yeah. Good one. Okay. Right. And that could take, you know, hours, days. We don't want the browser to be like... It could take days. Videos get big. Mobile data is slow. You could be offline for a while and we don't want the browser to have to be awake for that whole thing. Okay. So basically, it would be outsourcing the fetch thing to the operating system rather than... Yes. On desktop, though, as well? Yes. Is the plan. But probably mobile first. Yes. But also desktop. That makes more sense. Okay. So do we have an origin trial or something? There's something in Canary now. Okay. It's real good. And we don't actually need user permission to do this because you can already start downloads without user permission. That's true. The idea is to make sure it's fully visible all the time so you can see, like, the progress of the download. You can give it an icon, give it a title. So the users are aware that it's happening, they can cancel it if they want. Okay. But can I put, like, a 20 gig video into cache API now? Yes. If you have persistent data, you have as much space as you can eat. Right. That does require permission. Okay. Is that a lot of data? That is a lot of data. But people like movies, right? And you don't want them disappearing since you're getting enough light. Citation needed. Right. People do like movies. Look, there's loads of them. We build big buildings where we show them. Have you ever seen these? So we have it in Canary. Any other browser signals? Positive signals from a couple of browsers. But it's just Chrome for now, and that'll be 2018. That was two minutes. That was spot on. Okay. Now, what's a Worklet?