Hi she was seven I'm back so today I'm here to talk to you guys about two things okay so the first subject that I'm going to talk about today I saw this meme someone made a meme or they took a screenshot on Facebook and I thought it would be a good topic okay so this lady she's married she has a child probably a teenage child and she gets offered a job in Atlanta that pays six figures okay now she's married so she asks her husband or tells her husband about the job she asked him oh move with us to Atlanta I got an offer for a six-figure salary job he says no I'm not moving and then on the meme it says my mom will be relocating and moving next week or something like that so basically she was not going to let that man hold her back from pursuing her career in a different state or town or whatever and a lot of people were going back and forth on this like men and women were going back and forth like um he shouldn't have to move if they're married you know they should come to a compromise if it was the other way around you know um women and men like if a man gets a higher paying job in a different city and state a lot of times the woman will go and follow him and a lot of women were like well unless he's making six figures or more he should not be like telling her not to go to this new job unless he can fully take care of her and give her the lifestyle that that career will provide you know so a lot of people were going back and forth and debating and here's my take on it if you're a man or your husband who you're legally married to tells you you can't pursue your dream or go get a six-figure job a he has to be a millionaire and tell you that you don't have to work and that he will give you six figures b he would have to have a job that bring in seven figures what which is the same thing as a um or he would have to divorce you and let you be free to live your dream because if you really love someone you're not going to hold them back from you know being a better person you know fulfilling your dreams earning more money blah blah blah blah right women relocate for men all the time okay now he should be happy that she's getting this much money you know what I'm saying that is a good opportunity now y'all know how I feel about being married and working so this person this man should be very supportive and packing his stuff right and helping her pack right but a lot of women feel like he felt intimidated like she was going to make more money than him like he didn't have anything like he was just being dragged along like you know whatever so you know he said he wasn't going but the woman was like I'll see I'm packing bye I see you bye why okay let me ask you guys a question to most women who uh if if most women pulled in six figures or seven figures do you really think that they would care about having you know a husband I'm just curious you know um a lot of them would only want husbands who made more money than them you know what I'm saying so unless that husband could provide a better lifestyle by being with them they really wouldn't want a man you know what I'm saying they might want a companion they might want a play toy but they might not want a husband who's not on their level or equal you know what I mean a lot of women who make a lot of money a lot of them say I don't even want to be married I have everything I need I don't need a man would I would I need a man for I've already because a lot of them already have kids they're educated they have their salaries their houses their nice cars you know if they were to get some type of man it would be probably you know a young stud that they could you know parade around and have fun with but they're not trying to get married now a lot of guys do this and call themselves MGT MGTOW but instead of having the lifestyle they just have the anger part so it's not the same for women like women if they can't find an equal partner or someone who's making more money than them they'd rather stay single because you know most women don't see a need for you know anybody that's going to bring them down you know what I'm saying they don't have it in their nature to want to take care of protect and provide for someone unless they're a child you know what I mean so that's why a lot of women don't you know you know try to get married when they have a lot of money they're just like you know whatever take it or leave it um okay so next subject we're moving on for this one the next subject is your power ladies this could be for man too but you have to take it into context okay your power okay this is just life in general this has nothing to do with relationships okay so you can apply this to work career relationship goals anything that you want in life it's not going to be given to you just because you deserve it okay let me repeat that just because you think you deserve something does not mean that it's going to be given to you okay a lot of women come to me a lot of men come to me and say well I did everything right I was a good wife I was a good husband or I did my job right I was to work every day on time but I didn't get the promotion when you want something let me tell you what you gotta do take it don't wait for somebody to recognize that you deserve it don't wait for somebody to hand it to you go get it take it you know if you're up for a promotion and you're against other people I mean look at the election they fight dirty okay if your leaders fight dirty and you don't what does that say I'm not calling Donald Trump a leader but if political leaders or political candidates play dirty why can't you like why can't you you know most people who win and this is sad but it's true does it make it any less true most people most people majority of people who want something go and take it they might not deserve it but they haven't why because they didn't sit around wait for it they didn't sit around waiting for recognition they saw what they want they got up and took it okay why because there was nobody there to stop them there was nobody there getting up to take something everybody was there waiting on it to come to them or to be recognized so you know sometimes you lose a lot of people try to look at relationships try to look at career try to look at life as being fair it's never going to be fair okay never so if you're waiting on something chances are someone's going to snatch it up before you even get recognized so like I said if you want something go get it you know you want a promotion go up to your boss look I've been here for five years I can do everything front and backwards I want that promotion don't say can I have the promotion don't say this or that say I want the promotion you know um um sometimes people are just so impressed with your boldness and knowing what you want in life they will just like oh my god here you go you know now if you went up to the same boss and you say you know I've been here for five years and this person has been here and this person has been there and they've got promoted and I think I deserve it and I think I I'm supposed to get a raise but you know y'all always overlook me and I just feel like I'm not being appreciated you're gonna be like yeah you're right you're not worth it you're not appreciated you know you talk you're talking down about your own self in front of someone who's supposed to promote you you know the chances are that person that walks up and say look I've been here five years I want the promotion okay you don't know what's up their sleeves you don't know if they don't get that promotion what they're gonna do they might sell all the secrets to the company they might leak it you you don't know you just know they mean business and they mean what they say right and you can take it as a threat or just boldness but that mystery and that confidence is going to let you you know it's going to let that boss know that this person is serious about their career and they're not sitting around waiting on stuff to come in and they're going to get it they're go-getters they have that um so they're probably going to get that promotion over someone who sits back and waits their turn okay so now same thing in a relationship I always tell this to the women ladies if you want something tell the man straight up front the worst you can say is no and your time won't be wasted okay a lot of people will say well no I'm just gonna wait and see how things go how we get along if we have you know this this this isn't that in common if we have chemistry blah blah blah blah you could have the best chemistry in the world with somebody you can get to know somebody front ones and backwards but if they don't have what you want or going to give you what you want then it's still a waste of time okay so that's why you have to go straight up and say look this is what I want a b c and d can you do it yes or no okay bye okay you can't be afraid to go get what you want ask for what you want okay you can't because if you are you're you're always going to be waiting for it okay the difference between women who wait for stuff that they think they deserve because they're good and follow rules versus the women who take stuff demand stuff because they don't care about the rules which one do you think are happier which one do you think have what they need in life and want okay y'all need to think about this because a lot of times your moral values and how you raised and what society told you you're supposed to be gets in the way of you living your life that you're supposed to be living okay and I'm not I'm not saying this because I'm trying to you know change anyone's mind of who they are but think about it for a second think about you can't get ahead by sitting down and waiting for things to come to you because you deserve them okay people and people who are dying of thirst deserve water people who are fat rich will let their shower run 20 minutes just to warm up okay I'm saying this because not people do not get what they deserve in this world okay I'm I'm using it as an example because people don't get what they deserve in the world and if you're waiting on something because you feel like I deserve it it's coming then you can be waiting okay you need to get up and go get it and I'm not saying oh get up and be motivational get up and work towards something every day that's a given but if there's something extra that you need and want don't be afraid to go get it or ask for it or take it you know like you see the last cookie or the last donut in the office and everybody's looking at it the person that gets up and goes and takes it gets the donut okay the person over here who's anorexic you know they could have went up and got it the person who you know didn't have breakfast this morning they could have went up and got it the fat person who knew they wanted it because they love donuts could have went up and got it the boss could have went up and got it because they're the boss but here comes a temp from the office walked up took it and ate it because she took action and took what she wanted okay and nobody looked at her crazy because everybody was thinking the same thing oh you know who's going to get the last donut should I get it I don't know who deserves it what do you think maybe I should let her get it she's pregnant I don't know but I'm real hungry while y'all are sitting there thinking who deserves the donut oh why you shouldn't get it or why they should get it somebody else and I already claimed it okay so moral of the story is if there's a woman you like there's a man you like if there's a job you want if there's a promotion you want don't sit around and wait on it the worst you can get is rejected that's it and then you're like okay well I'll try again another time or I'll wait for another opportunity when something pops up and I can go and try to get it but they'll remember you and they'll say you know what that person really knows what they want you know and the next time they might just say you know what look this this this and that and do you want this opportunity you know just by knowing what you want and letting people know the kind of person you are that you're not afraid to ask for things or you know take things up to the next level will show them that you're strong and very determined and that is the kind of quality people like and partners and business on the job so don't be like you know even if you have to do it in your own flirtatious way as a woman with feminine with femininity still go and demand what you want you know yes you are entitled because the only person that says that you're entitled is yourself you determine are you worth it do you feel like this is supposed to you know be for you no one determines no one but yourself determines what you're entitled to okay remember that all these guys will say I don't stick with all these self-entitled people well I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry you stick with us but we know what we want in life sorry all right thank y'all so much and usually self-entitled people always get what they want 99% of the time all right I'll see y'all later bye


स Alab औयूःख�� ताब न्य न्य स Nora lach Saha lach nлин emulate म। lach निक सोक च्रिय जित स्थान � mai अज़ म।। म। kings Kann kri adiabatic flow. The locus in H s plane is known as phenoline was drawn like this. This was known as phenoline and the flows were referred to phenoline flow and this is for a frictional adiabatic flow. If we recall that adiabatic flow that means the points on this curve represents the state points of a flow with constant stagnation enthalpy because of the condition of this adiabatic that is adiabatic flow. But they are the state points in a flow which in which friction will be there that means they satisfy the adiabatic condition of the constant stagnation enthalpy as well as the steady state continuity equation that means the same mass flow. And also we have recognized that this part that is the positive slope in H s diagram this part represents the supersonic m greater than 1 supersonic flow supersonic flow and this part m less than 1 and represents subsonic flow. And we have also recognized the point where the entropy becomes maximum this represents m is equal to 1 or sonic flow. And also we have recognized that according to second law of thermodynamics if a upstream point is there in any part of the curve either in supersonic or subsonic the downstream point will always be along the curve in the right direction. So, that the flow takes place in such a way that the entropy of the system which is flowing increases. So, therefore we always proceed in the right direction which concluded one interesting thing is that the effect of friction that means if we see the effect of friction in supersonic flow will be to make the flow towards the sonic and at the same time the effect of friction in subsonic flow was also to make the flow towards the sonic. So, this will be the direction of the flow with the effect of friction in case of an adiabatic flow of course. So, that the entropy increases in the flow according to the second law of thermodynamics. Now we consider another class of flow which is reversible without friction reversible that means without friction, but diabetic flow that means diabetic flow that means where the heat flow is there. That means in this case we satisfy the reversible that is zero friction case the momentum equations which ultimately tells that p x plus rho x if x is the sup x represents one upstream section is p y already we have recognized that in absence of friction the equation of motion or momentum theorem applied to a control volume where the inlet of the control volume refers to the section x and the outlet of the control volume refers to the section y can be written like that where this is known as the impulse function p plus rho v square. So, this is the impulse function corresponding to state x this is the equality of impulse function along with the mass conservation for a steady flow that is the equation of continuity and the equation of state thermodynamic equation of state h is a function of s and rho. Then we can draw the locus of points in similarly in h s plane for this type of flow like this if we draw this how can we draw this let us follow a routine procedure as I told in case of final line flow that we consider first of all the initial states are fixed for a given initial state corresponding to p x rho x and v x. First of all we assume some arbitrary values of v y and we can calculate the values of rho y from here. Then we can find out the values of first of all values of rho y from here I am sorry the values of rho y from here then substituting the rho y we can find out the values of p y and then we can find out the values of enthalpy from this functional relationship h as a function of s and rho. So, therefore, we can calculate this curve like this is very important a curve like this. So, here one thing is that in this case if we try to find out the h o x that probably I discussed in the last class it will be not equal to h o y. So, if I find the difference h o y minus h o x I will be getting a value which is not 0 and this will represents the value of the heat transfer during the process if it is negative the heat has been taken out of the system and if it is positive that means heat has been added to the system. That means well that means if we find out the equations from the locus of h s from this sets of equations of course, here you will have to consider another set that another equations probably the thermodynamic equation of state h as a function of p and rho. So, knowing the p and rho you can find out s and then only you can find out h. So, that you can draw this curve that means we are satisfying the momentum equation for inviscid flow satisfying the continuity equations for steady flow and using the thermodynamic property relations we can draw this again I am telling in a routine matter first you assume v y then for a given state points at upstream section x we find out rho y similar to that of fennel line as we did then by knowing rho y from the momentum equations I find p y then I can use this property relation to find entropy and then we can find out enthalpy from the this property relation enthalpy as a function of entropy and density. So, this way we can find out this curve and this curve is known as Rayleigh line this curve is known as Rayleigh line this curve is known as Rayleigh line and this flow is referred as Rayleigh line flow that means this is precisely the reversible diabetic flow. Now, you see in Rayleigh line flow that means the flow which are reversible and diabetic that means there is a heat transfer here you see where I have not used the condition for equality of this stagnation enthalpy. So, therefore, this stagnation enthalpy in general will not be equal it may or may not be equal, but the difference in stagnation enthalpy for Rayleigh line flow indicates the heat transfer that means if h o y minus h o x y is the downstream section is greater than 0 heat is being added otherwise it is being rejected taken out. So, therefore, in this case since the heat transfer is there from the working system which is flowing that is the flowing medium the entropy will may increase may decrease depending upon the situation with that heat is added or heat is taken out. So, therefore, in this case both the directions we can move in the curve that means entropy can increase entropy can decrease this is because there is a heat transfer. So, therefore, when entropy is increasing this direction represents the heating that means in this direction this is the heating that means when heating is done. So, we will move in this direction along the curve while when the cooling is made we will move in this direction this is cooling that means we can move towards right along the curve when heating is there that means which will effect an increase in entropy. Similarly, when cooling is made we will move along the left of the curve that means when heat is taken out. So, we can move in both the directions again it can be shown that this part of the curve the lower part of the curve is associated with m greater than 1 and this upper part of the curve is associated with m less than 1. That means this is for supersonic flow and this is for subsonic flow where this point is for the sonic condition m is equal to 1. So, if we inspect this curve we can say that in supersonic flow if we make heating that means heating in a supersonic reversible diabetic flow will cause the flow to decelerate and going towards the sonic condition. While the cooling in the supersonic region that means for a supersonic flow maintaining the reversible condition will make the flow accelerating and going more towards supersonic region. The reverse is happening for subsonic flow that means if the flow is subsonic the heating in a reversible manner will make the flow accelerating and going towards sonic. While in a subsonic flow if cooling is made then the flow is decelerated and if the flow is made reversible then the flow is decelerated and going towards more subsonic region. So, therefore, from this curve we can infer the effect of heating and cooling in both supersonic and subsonic regime for reversible diabetic flow all right. Now this of course is very difficult to conclude mathematically just from these two equations you see that if you write the velocity expression that velocity well the mach number for example not the velocity the mach number is precisely v by a. Now if we write the v expression v v is given by for a given mass flow the v and v is equal to rho sorry v is equal to mass flow rate divided by rho for a given area and a is root over gamma r t and if we just substitute rho in terms of pressure and temperature rho is p by r t because we know that p is equal to rho r t. So, rho is p by r t that means m r t by p root over gamma r t. So, therefore, we see m is proportional to root over t by p. So, therefore, the effect of heat addition will change the m by the combination of the change in t and p. So, both the temperature and pressure changes. So, whether m will increase or not when heat is added or heat is subtracted depends upon the relative change in root t and p. So, both the temperature and pressure changes simultaneously. So, it is very difficult to be conclusive from this equation of this type until and unless we go for a detailed calculations or a particular type of flow. For example, reversible diabetic flow and this particular calculation helps us in doing this curve or doing this figure where we can be conclusive that the effect of heating in supersonic flow is to increase the mach number towards the sonic and similarly the effect of cooling is to decrease the mach number sorry to decrease the mach number towards the sonic and to increase the mach number towards more supersonic region. Now, the physical question now the question is that this graph this Rayleigh line graph is or the figure is refers to the flow which is reversible diabetic flow and fanno line refers to the flow that means this fanno line refers to the flow frictional adiabatic flow. Now, a shock wave a shock refers to both conditions of fanno line flow and the Rayleigh line flow that means if I now just draw the fanno line and Rayleigh line in a single plane that means H s diagram if I draw this fanno line and this is the Rayleigh line let this is fanno line and let this is Rayleigh line and let this is Rayleigh line and let this is Rayleigh line. Now, you see that since the shock represents both the fanno line and Rayleigh line flow we have already discussed that the shock in case of shock these equations are valid these equation is valid these equation is valid these are the thermodynamic equations of state or the thermodynamic property relations and along with that the constancy in stagnation enthalpy h o x is h o y is also valid. So, therefore for a shock to occur both the upstream and downstream points will satisfy all this condition that means they will lie on both the Rayleigh and fanno line that means this intersection of Rayleigh and fanno lines will represents the upstream and downstream points of a shock. So, therefore in h s plane if I have a fanno line for a particular stagnation enthalpy and if I have a Rayleigh line then we can find out this intersection of the Rayleigh and fanno lines are the two points on the shock that means if I join these two points we can get the direction of shock we can sorry we can get the two points that means the line that means the line line indicating the process of shock. Now question comes whether it is in this direction or it is in this direction that means whether our upstream if upstream point is this then downstream point will be that because they are due to extreme points or if the upstream point is here the downstream point will be here, but as we have already as we have already recognized that the process of shock will occur because in case of a shock you see it is so thin and if we take a control volume. So, this is the upstream x and y so d q in either direction is considered to be 0 therefore in the process of shock that means across the shock the process occurs which is precisely adiabatic that is why we have made this equation to be valid. So, in this case the entropy change of the system is the entropy change of the universe that means the entropy change will be greater than 0 or the change of entropy will be positive. So, therefore the process will take place in such a way from upstream to downstream which will cause the entropy to increase. So, therefore there is no other go then this point to be the upstream point x and this point to be the downstream point and these two points intersects in the two regions one is the m greater than 1 and another is the m less than 1. So, this proves that the shock takes place from supersonic shock takes place from supersonic to sonic subsonic supersonic to subsonic. So, take place from supersonic to subsonic well. So, therefore it proves that shock takes place from a supersonic region. So, that it takes place from supersonic region to subsonic region that means due to the shock the flow changes from supersonic to subsonic which finds the direction of the shock. Now, after this I will just discuss the shock in normal shock for perfect gases perfect gases well shock for perfect gases. Now, we have now we are interested as I have told you earlier not in the not in the interior details of the shock, but let this is the control volume the upstream and downstream flow properties across the shock. That means if we know the upstream properties of the shock what are the corresponding flow properties downstream the shock. Now, to know this explicitly we have to find out the we have to know rather explicit algebraic relationships of this thermodynamic property relationship or the relationship between pressure temperature and volume. That means precisely we have to know the equation of state. So, therefore equation of state which is very important equation of state has to be known explicitly that means explicit algebraic form of the equation of state should be known for which you have to specify a particular system as the working fluid or the flowing fluid. So, we consider the flowing fluid to be perfect gases or to be a perfect gas in that case we can write the equation of state as p is equal to rho r t and all other hypothesis leading to other thermodynamic property relations for perfect gases can be used. Now, let us find out and exploit all those property relations to find out the relationship between flow properties across a shock wave. So, if you recall we first started with the energy equation h x plus v x square by 2 is equal to h y plus v y square by 2. That means x refers to the upstream section that is the enthalpy plus the velocity head that is kinetic energy per unit mass this is the specific enthalpy is equal to h y plus v y square by 2 or precisely we told that h o x is equal to h o y because this represent the stagnation enthalpy refer to this x condition and this is the stagnation enthalpy refer to this y condition and since there is no heat transfer in this control volume that is from section x to y the stagnation enthalpy will be equal. Now, since we have now since we have considered the perfect gas as the working fluid now I can write this as c p t o x is equal to c p t o y. So, therefore, for a perfect gas we tell that since this stagnation enthalpy is same this stagnation temperature will be same the stagnation temperatures are the index of stagnation enthalpy because for a perfect gas we can write that enthalpy is c p times the temperature. Now, if we recall the relationship between the local temperature to the stagnation temperature because earlier we deduce this ratios taking this stagnation properties as the reference properties if you recall we deduce this equation in terms of the mach number. That means, if the mach number is m e the local temperature that means the temperature corresponding to the mach number at any location is expressed in terms of the stagnation temperature by this relation. So, if we utilize this equation for both t x and t y that means if I write t o by t x that means with this stagnation temperature m a x square. So, this t o is t o x and t o y by t y is equal to 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 all right m a y square then we can write from this 2 that t x t y rather I write by t x t y by t x is equal to 1 plus t y by t x that is this divided by this that means it will be 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 which 1 will be there t y by t x m a x 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 I write by t x t y by t x is equal to 1 plus t y by t x that is this divided by this that means it will be 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 which 1 will be there t y by t x m a x 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 is 1 by 2 m a y square all right. So, this is one very important relationship that means the ratio of temperatures can be expressed in terms of the mach numbers at x and y now if now there are certain algebraic steps there is no such concept of fluid mechanics now at present. So, it is only algebra with the equations now we can write also t y by t x from the equation of state that means p is equal to rho r t see that t y by t x can be written as p y by p x into rho x by rho y this I write from the equation of state p is equal to rho r t that means p x is rho x that means you can write p x is rho x r x t x well and p y is rho y r y. So, therefore, we can write t y by t x is p y by p x into rho x by rho again from the continuity we can write rho x v x is rho y v y this is well known continuity at steady state to accommodate the same mass flow rate well. So, therefore, rho x by rho y can be substituted from this equation here. So, we get t y by t x is equal to p y by p x into v x by v y again I can write v x by v y in terms of the mach number well p y by p x into v y by v x I am sorry v y by v x I am sorry v y by v x well now this can be written in terms of the mach number that means p y v y can be written as m a y into a y similarly it can be written as p x m a x into a x a y a x at the sound speeds at the condition y at the condition x that means this can be written for perfect gases p y m a y p x m a x a y is root over gamma r t y and this is root over gamma r t this is for perfect gases we can replace the sound speed of the acoustic speed in terms of the temperature as root over gamma r t y root over gamma r. So, if we take this t y t x here we get t y by t x to the power half is equal to what we get m a y all right by m a x into p y p x all right now I can well p y by p x. So, I can make this t y by this is square. So, we can use we can make t y by t x is equal to m a y by m a x into p y by p x whole square all right p y by p x m a y m a y by m a x whole square and m a y by m a x also whole square I am sorry m a y whole square m a x whole square p y by p x whole square all right m a y by m a x p y by p x this is clear all right t y by t x. Now, if I substitute this what you will get that means, if I substitute now here just you see that if I substitute you can see this thing know if I can substitute this t y by t x here then what I get I get 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 m a x square divided by 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 m a y square is equal to m a y square divided by m a x square into p y p x whole square this is all right that means, t y by t x I am substituting here this is p y by p x whole square now I can write p y by p x is equal to m a x that means, taking p y by p x in one side by m a y into under root 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 m a x square divided by under root 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 all right please check it. So, this is a relationship which is similar to that one t y by t x that means, the ratio of the pressure at the downstream to the upstream is m a x by m a y under root of 1 plus gamma minus 1 by 2 m a x square 1 plus all right well. Now, so far I have deduced the relationship of t y by t x where I have used only the energy equation for an adiabatic that means, the constancy of stagnation enthalpy and with the use of the equation of state for a perfect gas that means, with this condition the constancy of stagnation temperature and using the continuity equation of course, the continuity equation I have used here. So, continuity equation and energy equation continuity equation for steady flow and energy equation for a adiabatic flow that means, we have developed this relationship that means, you should be very careful that these relationships are valid for adiabatic flow and the steady flow that means, the friction the absence of friction has not been taken so far. Now, if I consider the momentum equation in absence of friction then I can write p x plus rho x v x square is equal to p y plus rho y v y square all right this is the momentum equations without friction. Now, if you have got any question you can ask me yes, but I can also stop in between if you have got any query do you have any query in this relationships t y by t x and p y by p x it is clear and this relationship have been derived by using the energy equation for adiabatic flow and the continuity equation that means, this equation continuity equation for steady flow. So, therefore, these equations are valid that means, p y by p x and well t y by t x is valid for an adiabatic flow adiabatic and steady flow well now if I consider the frictionless flow then p x plus rho x v x square is p y plus rho y v y square all right. So, now, we can write p x plus what is rho x rho x I can write p x for again using the perfect gas as the working fluid p x r p is equal to rho r t.     That means, using the reversible condition that is frictionless condition that means, exploiting the momentum equation or the equation of motion in case of no friction that means, the equality of the impulse function I can straight away deduce p y by p x in terms of the corresponding mac numbers m a x and m a y. Now, if I equate these two because for the shock two points two extreme points in a shock that means, the upstream point and the downstream point of the shock satisfy all these conditions that means, the adiabatic conditions that means, the same stagnation enthalpy and the frictionless conditions that means, the same impulse function this is because the shock is so thin that across the shock the friction if you take a control volume enveloping the shock the friction is zero. So therefore, the equality of impulse functions along with the continuity equation for steady state has to be satisfied for both these two points that means, the upstream and the downstream points across of the shock the process of shock. Then we can make these two equal that means, the p y p x developed earlier without considering the equality of the impulse function with the help of the equation of motion and this p y p x here is the concept that why you will make these two equal. Then we can write then expression that if you make this equal then just you can see from your notes that I can write one plus gamma m just simply equal x square divided by one plus gamma m a y square is equal to m a x you check it whether it is correct I am writing correctly that root over all right one plus gamma minus one by two m a x square by root over one plus gamma minus one by two m a y square or I can write in this fashion that well I can write in this fashion also that m a x into root over one plus gamma minus one by two m a x square divided by one plus gamma you check m a x square that means, m a x this one divided by this is equal to this go here that is m a y well root over one plus gamma minus one by two m a x square m a y square divided by that means, taking the expression for m a y at one place and m a x at one place now from this equations m a y if you take m a y this in the left hand side and this in the right hand side because our main objective is to solve for the flow properties at y that is the downstream of the shock if the upstream conditions are known. So, now we can say that from this equations one can straight forward find a solution of m a y in terms of m a x and it is not very complicated it is very simple it looks like that if you make if you square it if you square both the sides and equate it you will get a very simple solution like that m a y is equal to m a x this is one trivial solution you get and another solution which is very interesting m y square which is the non trivial solution it is m x square plus two by gamma minus one two by gamma by gamma minus one m x square minus one that means, from this equation if we solve m a y in terms of m a x which is very simple and straight forward comes like this if you make the square both sides and then equate then you will see a trivial solution m a y is equal to m a x and another non trivial solution is like this m y square is this. Now, this trivial solution has got no importance because it physically implies that both the conditions are same that means they refer to the same section, but this is the most important relation where you see that if you put m x is greater than one this equation shows that if m x is greater than one that already we have proved that the shock wave or shock process the shock takes place rather you can tell shocks takes place in supersonic flow the shock takes place at supersonic flow in the flow is supersonic the shock takes place and the result is a deceleration that means the reduction in the mach number the flow comes from supersonic or goes from supersonic to subsonic that already we have recognized in the h s diagram with phenoline and Rayleigh line and here also we see from this expression that if m x greater than one we get m y less than one this means the shock occurs in supersonic flow that means upstream point of the shock wave or the shock is the supersonic where it makes the flow after the shock subsonic that means across the shock the flow is supersonic at is upstream and subsonic at is downstream that is due to the shock a supersonic flow becomes subsonic if you take m x greater than one then m y becomes less than one now this expression is sometimes expressed in terms of a dimensionless velocity now I tell you before that well that sometimes in velocity in a compressible flow is made dimensionless in with v made dimensionless v is made dimensionless v is made dimensionless with respect to three reference velocities in this context you can ask me sir why mach number is not used as a dimensionless velocity mach number is a dimensionless term which contains the velocity but difficulty is that mach number can never be used as a dimensionless velocity because this value a also changes because when the velocity changes the value of a is also changes because value of a is the sound velocity root over gamma r t that means with the flow when the velocity is changing so sound velocity is changing velocity of sound is not a fixed one so this cannot be taken as a reference velocity for normalizing the velocity so therefore usually the three reference velocities are taken one is the sound velocity corresponding to stagnation condition that is the velocity it is the velocity of sound at stagnation condition velocity of sound at stagnation condition at stagnation condition velocity of sound as stagnation condition another is a star that is velocity is velocity of sound at the sonic condition velocity of sound when the flow reaches sonic velocity of sound at critical condition that means when the flow reaches at critical condition sonic condition means when the flow velocity is sonic rather it is critical condition another is the maximum velocity maximum velocity now you see the definition of a 0 as you know for a perfect gas is root over gamma r t 0 well the definition of a star is root over gamma r t star we have already recognized the star or asterisk that means this is the section where the flow velocity has reached sonic that is the critical section that is t star is the critical temperature what is v max v max concept is like that if we write the energy equation in terms of c p t for an adiabatic flow that means you can write c p t already we have recognized this is v square by 2 is equal to c p t 0 that means this is the stagnation enthalpy that means taking the section at stagnation point that means that the reservoir and at any local point with velocity v so here i we can write v square by 2 is c p t 0 minus t so v will be maximum when t will be 0 so a reference maximum velocity is defined as v maximum square is 2 c p t 0 c p can be replaced as 2 gamma by gamma minus 1 into r t 0 that means it is precisely gamma r t 0 is again what a 0 square that means 2 by gamma minus 1 a 0 square so therefore the v max is the maximum velocity is related to the sound speed velocity of sound that stagnation condition by this equation so 3 of these are used as the reference velocity that means if i denote a non dimensional velocity v let us denote it by v prime that the actual velocity by the reference velocity so any one of these 3 is taken as the reference velocity but most usual convention and very convenient is to use a star that is the velocity of sound at critical condition as the reference velocity to express the dimensionless velocity v dash and this is expressed as m a star so therefore one can use a right one can use the a star as the reference velocity and right as m star which is nothing but v by a star so m star represents a non dimensional counter part of a velocity v that means a Mach number is m a that means this m a Mach number refers to a flow velocity v and the corresponding sound velocity a both v and a changes where m a star represents the non dimensional counter part of the flow velocity v by a star so this is the definition of the reference non dimensional sorry non dimensional velocity now one can make a relationship between m a star and m a through the use of this equation if i write this equation again c p now you see that c p t plus v square by 2 if i write this at the 2 sections that at critical section v star square by 2 rather i write v square by 2 first v square by 2 plus c p t what is c p t c p t is we can write gamma by gamma minus 1 r t is equal to c p t star sorry i am sorry v star square by 2 plus gamma r t star by gamma minus 1 so simply v square by 2 plus a square this is a square by gamma minus 1 i can write v star square by 2 plus gamma r t star is a star square by gamma minus 1 now i can write this v square by 2 plus a square by gamma minus 1 now v star and a star is same because at the critical condition v star is equal to a star so i can write therefore a star square into half plus gamma minus 1 which becomes what i can write 2 gamma minus 1 what i can write gamma minus 1 plus 2 that is gamma plus 1 a star square a star a a star square by 2 gamma plus 1 gamma minus 1 now if we divide both the side by a star we get m a star square by 2 plus a square by a star square into 1 by gamma these are very simple that is why i am going little fast gamma plus 1 by 2 gamma minus all right now if i express this a by a star in terms of the mach number like this that a is equal to what root over gamma r t and a star is root over gamma r t star or i can write v by a is equal to m a and v by a star v star by a star is equal to m a star so what is a by a star so a by a star please v star by a star that is v by v star that is v by v star so you can substitute a by a star in terms of m a by m a star so a by what is a by a star is equal to m a star by m a into v by so please a by a star that means a is there that means m a star that is v star by v that means it becomes simply v by v star is again m star that means that will be v by a no so what is v by v star that is m a star okay so m a star square by m a okay a star is v star so v star is a star so v by a star is m a star v by a star is m a star so you can have it okay so if you substitute here finally you get an expression like that m in terms of m square in terms of these are simple algebraic steps so this is the relationship between the mach number and the reference dimension this well as thank you


What's up everyone? It's your girl Kenzie here from Layton Sports Cards, and I am ripping we've got 2022 Panini Don Russ football Hobby three box break number nine pick your team and they go for the team So we'll get started Alvin s Saints Andrew s Titans Anthony P. Bucks Bernie s with the Lions Steelers Niners Cardinals Ravens Texans Colts Jags and Vikings Chrissy dolphins Christian s with the Packers David A. Bears DoD Falcons in Washington Edward P. Cowboys JB Bills Jeff G Eagles Josh I Seahawks Cameran a with the Raiders Costa K Jets Mark K. Browns Nicholas Z. Chiefs Nicholas W. Giants Noel a bangles Peter M. Panthers Ricky T with the Rams Scott T Broncos and Chargers and Sean M. Patriots. Good luck everyone. Thanks so much for the fill Let's see what we can get so I'm still looking for downtown y'all Alright Here we go box number one Yeah, yeah for sure Brandon For sure Are you waiting for that gold to come in? Because I can probably get that card out to you today or tomorrow probably tomorrow Dominator is Wilson Najee Harris Steelers red press proof Buckner Kenyan Green Raider rookie We've got no nameplate here for the Colts a TY Hilton We have a George Pickens elite series Brooks and Chris a lobby on the red press proof Saints trailing Berks right a rookie Got the rookies Jameson Williams Lions Rated rookie on the canvas cave on tibet oh for the Giants Press proof of Rashawn Gary 90 of 100 Packers Booth Jr. Raider rookie Baker they've got a Deontay Johnson elite series Fans of the game a rain Wilson Seahawks Rain Wilson. Oh that sounds good Mike. We got T-Law. I worked this weekend. So I will definitely don't tell me twice Hawaiian coffee Sounds good Brandon. Awesome. Yeah, I'll definitely get it out within the next day or two Filler dominators chase. I gotta see if there's anything else. I want to send Bill Milton raider rookie we got a raided rookie optic Preview here. I haven't seen one of these in a while Nick Bonito for the Broncos that is 28 out of 50 Something we're gonna pull a gold cracked ice. They kind of come in pairs true one or four nets on the Power plus furrow and nausea Harris red press proof Yeah, record raider rookie. That's awesome. Thank you so much for thinking of us Davis Mills on the power plus a J Brown Matt Stafford Seafood business now you're talking ingram raider rookie Filler the rookies trailing Berks the rookie gridiron king of Jameson Williams Price of seafood lately not even lately just in general has gotten so expensive Drake London raider rookie Christian Kirk on the elite series champions here Hockey's a slide. Yeah, it's lightning flame Thursday during the day. That's weird Emerson raider rookie. That's why I asked if it was alive We have nice Colts a Jonathan Taylor on the action all pros auto two out of ten Nice JT there Indy Indy is burning. There you go Bernie. Very nice Bernie taking home a nice auto in each one of the last like three or four breaks Killing it. What's up smack? How's it going? Yeah, Reggie Wayne on the legend series I would love to go up north to like Maine and something like that to do like fresh Yes, Kyle Hamilton raider rookie Filler, I love seafood Leonard raider rookie Zamir white on the canvas for the Raiders Got some seafood on Valentine's Day I was very excited from Australia. Nice. Thanks for tuning in Got a Justin Herbert elite series ETN and a Bailey zappy on the red press proof Patriots Pineapples, I like pineapples. I Don't eat a lot of pineapples, but I don't mind them Pineapples on pizza though. What do y'all think? No, the rookies John Mechie the third We've got good iron Kings Tom Brady And Trayvon more red. I've only had it once and I was so hungry that it I was like, okay This isn't bad. So I think I have to taste it again when I'm not so hungry But it was it was alright. It was a Ham and pineapples so Hawaiian pizza. We've got all pros Joe mix it 287 of 299 a Matt Corral elite series Zach Wilson and red Dan Marino Rocking on oysters It's a mirror white raider rookie got dominators Aaron Rodgers Malik Willis on the canvas raider rookie and we've got TJ Hawkinson on the Jersey number 28 of 88. I like fruit. Yeah, for sure. My favorite. I'd probably have to say is watermelon I love watermelon Malik Willis the rookies We've got Eric I subconma on the canvas for dolphins Dawson Knox Nope, I like the fifth person to ask we have not pulled one yet We got what one more break after this really hoping to pull one Elite series rookies Dale and Tolbert red Buddha Baker. I'm more raider rookie That dominators Josh Allen James Harrison and gold press proof of penny soul for the Lions. That is 19 out of 50 Sugarcane nice. All right box two Mother-in-law has some sugarcane in her backyard They're from Jamaica, so they have you know, they're used to like the real good sugarcane The rookies of Wanda Robinson Giants Demian Pierce canvas for the Texans and red press proof raider rookie Cameron Thomas Cardinals Cook raider rookie Got no nameplate here. I'm at a Joe Montana. That's cool. Here you go Niners Sick hit a legend series read Reggie Wayne fans of the game Chuck Norris. I Think Edwards got them again So you got two face of this and you got your auto Chuck Norris to match it. Here you go Edward red miles Garrett press proof Probably be card for the Cowboys to get is that Chuck Norris Chuck Norris and their brisker raider rookie Got dominators Gibson Bo Jackson gold die-cut Michael Carter for the Jets that one is 15 of 25 Bailey zappy raider rookie Got elite series of Jalen Tolbert Cowboys Herbie and Tilo Yeah, y'all more group race tonight starting at five of four is Malone raider rookie Miller the rookies James Cook for the bills Romeo Dobbs on the canvas for the Packers Yeah, we have not pulled one yet. He we have not pulled one How's your not just today but in general? We have a Rondell Moore That might be some type of variation on that card Or not maggot, but we'll get it slip and talk with Leonard for net Yeah, it was backwards though Breeze Hall raider rookie might be like a photo variation. There's different different short print variations this year CMC dominator, so you've got a Trayvon Walker on the canvas for the Jax and Quinn Williams Yeah, we pulled we pulled two night moves and a marvel, so I think the marvels is probably what Is the the short print for this case gonna be we have passing the torch patch? We've got Brooks or Jordan Brooks and Bobby Wagner another cool hit there for the Seahawks 7 of 199 Second one of these we've seen today. The first one was really cool. It was a Jamar Chase and Ocho Sinko Carson Wentz TJ Watts Kyler Murray red press proof Anything yesterday heat we got sauce right a record base some gold coming up George Pickens Jim Kelly Gold Steelers a Calvin Austin the third. Hi, so you got Steelers. I'm really excited as a Steeler fan to see him play next year That is five out of 50 on that one Nice hit Steelers Who's got the Steelers? I think Bernie, right? Bernie will have to talk about that one do let's rate a rookie got Jalen waddle on the power plus OBJ Matt Stafford No Shakira to rookie Another got dominators Justin Jefferson rated rookie of Wanda Robinson on the camps Giants Kenny pick it right a rookie Wilson Got a lead series rookie of Kenneth Walker the third Traylin Burks on the red press proof rated rookie Matt Corral rated rookie Brown Cooper Cup all-action pros Patrick Mahomes gridiron Kings for the Chiefs Press proof red Kevin Byer Wyatt rated rookie Got a lead series the ante Johnson wrote a Super Bowl Patrick Mahomes and red press proof of his buddy Skymore Jones ready rookie the JT was the first box Dominators Watson we've got Desmond Ritter on the canvas rated rookie Falcons and a Christian curtsy on the press proof 12 out of 100 Here's strong junior rated rookie Have Breece Hall on the rookie phenoms patch auto 51 of 99 first one of these we've seen today Rats on that Jets nice RPA George Pickens elite series rookies Javante Williams dear car have a meal right a rookie the rookies of Bailey Zappie Patriots the rookies gridiron Kings Chris Alave Last pack here quite Walker rated rookie Xander Legend series Hines Ward Bolton and AJ Turrell red press proof Do it for box to box three box three Goodness. Yes much Tom Brie Action all pros Travis Kelsey Shaq Leonard and red press proof Reggie Wayne here rated rookie Got no nameplate here for the Raiders a Darren Waller Rita Jordy Nelson Legend series Nicoby Dean on the red press proof rated rookie Eagles John Dotson rated rookie Dominators Herbie rated rookie canvas of Garrett Wilson and To 100 Cooper cup on the highlights cup leads the way and Super Bowl 36 I think Super Bowl 56 right my favorite rookie got Johan Dotson on the elite series Rikki's Evo Aaron Rodgers price rated a rookie filler Got Drake London for the Falcons on the rookies Randall and Mike Singletary Huh? Okay, cuz one of them if it's in front it's minus one so Variations CJ Mosley for the Jets Got JT elite series Marcia Moore, Robbie Anderson, Damian Pierce rated rookie Got dominators Derek Henry, Great Iron Kings Kurt Warner and Tremaine Edmund Bernard rated rookie got power plus of Mack Jones Monroe, Darius Leonard Trent McDuffie rated rookie Matt Corral the rookies, Dyket coming up, Jalen Tolbert on the canvas for the Cowboys And a Buddha Baker on the press proof Dyket that is 10 of 75 Cardinals Hutchinson base rated rookie Demption elite series rookies John Metsch either third J. Jeff and Tom Brady Who are we going with? Rated rookie autos card 358 a Jermaine Johnson the seconds Jermaine Johnson the second we did Jermaine Johnson. Yeah, I think it was Eagles. Yeah, uh, no, sorry Jets Jermaine Johnson the second is a Jett Parsons Tramac Brides young Robinson Junior rated rookie Got a Randall Cunningham Randall Cunningham Our Sean white on the red press proof rated rookie bucks Chris Alave rated rookie Patrick Joe burrow dominators Sean white on the canvas for the box red press proof of Lovante and David Gordon rated rookie Got passing the torch Russell Wilson and John Elway, that's pretty cool That is 152 of 199 Broncos Passing the torch Chris Godwin Jerry Slaton red press proof Trayvon Walker rated rookie got the rookies Isaiah Spiller CD lamb and gold die cuts of J. C. Horne 14 of 25 Panthers Johnny Woods rated rookie Tyquan Thornton on the elite series rookies Jordan Brooks and Nick Bosa as a Kamala rated rookie filler Dominators sequel on a Uh, Kyler alum on the canvas rated rookie bills Clinton tortoise last back here, and then we'll do a recap Got Deandre swift elite series fans of the game rain Wilson red press proof DK Metcalf All right quick recap here. Thank you. We've got the variation CJ mostly for the Jets purple on the optic preview Nick Bonito for the Um Broncos I cannot think of the team to 50 on that gold Penny soul lions gold Calvin Austin the third for the Steelers nice one there um Michael Carter Jets and JC Horne Panthers a lot of gold in that one our jerseys Joe mixon bangles the passing the torch for the Broncos Russell Wilson and John Elway We have Jordan Brooks patching the torch with bobby Wagner and our autos redemption for the Jets germane johnson the second The rpa here to 99 breeze hall for the Jets as well And then a jonathan taylor that is two out of ten on the action all pros I sit there for the Colts that'll do it for number nine. We've got one more of these coming up in a few. Thanks everybody


It's a part of this. Thank you. Just a little bit of background. I've long been interested in Armenia. I was first mentioned to this by my family, and then by my history teacher when I was about 16, who mentioned, of course, Churchill's on this Armenian brandy. So immediately I had a very positive reference from my relationship with Armenia. And I visited Actomar Island. It's sort of good for Armenian church on Actomar Island many years ago. I like to go to Armenia now. I didn't, so I feel very good. I should be enlightened here. I address the nation and jagged it. So thank you very much. I'm hugely, hugely impressed by Yerevan. I was at the manuscript library today, which is absolutely incredible. I knew a little bit about the cultural gene of Armenia before, but when you actually see the evidence in that library, it's really quite remarkable. I haven't had the time to go to the National Gallery, but I'm going to go to the National Library. To see a little bit about the Lewis Foundation, you know the Lewis Foundation very well. We know Lewis Foundation largely as a source of, at least one excellent scholar, this is Amalia. Is that better? It's just too loud. One excellent scholar, actually more than one excellent scholar, but Amalia is our current excellent scholar. And I put you on notice, actually, because all of you here are very, very welcome to apply to study at Cambridge University and to come to Hughes Hall, the history of which is there on the chair for you all to read. So I hope to steal a few of you for the college, but return you to Yerevan, where you can do great things like the other lawyers, as I call it, Lewis Foundation scholars. So what I'm going to talk about now is, I'm going to talk about, I suppose, some philosophical issues relating to democratization of intellectual property, just to take up the theme that Jacqueline touched upon there. And I'll also, I'll go on to talk about the experience of UK universities, especially Cambridge University, of course, because I can speak about that. And then I'll go down the next level to the college. Cambridge University has 31 colleges, which of course were one. And we, as Aaron said, set up an enterprise society in 2014. And I'll give you one particular example at the end of my presentation, which you can, on the subject of democratization, you can take away and use no cost whatsoever, no patent, no licensing. Actually, one other person to mention before I start the presentation is Garen, who I sat next to on the aeroplane on the way here. And he said, what were you doing here? And I told him and he said, I'll come along and listen to you. And in spite of listening to me on the aeroplane, he's still here. So I admire your patience. It's nice to see you, Garen. So this is okay in terms of volume. Is this okay in terms of volume? It's okay. The universities historically had two missions. Since the first universities were opened in Europe in the 13th century, came to be one of the first teaching and research. Much more recently, you probably take the origins. Can you hear me again, or shall I speak? I'll do it again. I'll keep wondering about it because that's my habit this term. My habit this term, is that working? In that case, I'll say I won't wonder about it. So the university is traditionally two missions, teaching and research. You might take the beginning of the third mission. Entrepreneurship is beginning at Stanford in the 60s. MIT would be another originator. Cambridge following thereafter in Europe. And so it's interesting that this third mission has been added to the traditional historic missions of universities. This brings a lot of good things with it, but it also brings some things which, not bad things necessarily, but which are challengeable. So what I'm going to do is talk about the two sides of the coin in terms of the good and bad aspects of bringing entrepreneurism into our campuses and having posters everywhere demanding that all of our students become entrepreneurs in quite an insistent way sometimes. And then I'm going to talk about the Cambridge experience, which I think resolves some of the conflicts quite nicely. You can be the best judge of that. And then I'll also just give some practical examples of what's going on in Cambridge, but we can talk about those in more detail in the question and answer session at the end if that sounds all right.  So I'm going to begin with a story about stove. Can anyone translate the word stove for me in case people don't know what it means? Stove is something which heats wood. Can you shout? Varagana. Varagana. Just tell everyone, okay, is there anyone known to stove this? I'm taking you back to 1742 and the stove of 1742, Benjamin Franklin, better known for other things such as being the US president, also was quite a remarkable man actually. I'm not sure about Benjamin Franklin, except to say he's a remarkable, remarkable man. America produces a lot of remarkable men as we've seen recently. So his stove, to put this very, very simply, his stove created more heat and less smoke. So that's the essence of it. And this is what he said, writing in 1742 about his stove. I know you didn't come here, I expected you to hear about stoves, but it's a nicer surprise for everybody. I made a present of the model to Mr. Robert Grace, who, having an iron furnace, found these stoves a profitable thing. To promote that demand, I wrote and published a pamphlet entitled An Account of the New Invented Pennsylvania Viplace, where in their construction, sorry, five places where in their construction a manner of operation is particularly explained, there are advantages over every other method of warming rooms demonstrated. Pennsylvania Governor Thomas, this is still the letter of Franklin, Pennsylvania Governor Thomas was so pleased with the stove as described in the paper that he offered a patent for the sale, the exclusive sale and vending of them for a term of years. I declined it, this is the important bit, I declined the patent from a principle which has ever weighed on me on such occasions, and the principle that weighed on Franklin on such occasions was that he, what he said was, I didn't want to take particular advantage of an invention when so many other inventions had benefited me in my lifetime and my friends and family, so I was happy to share it with everyone. So I declined it from a principle which has ever weighed on me on such occasions. So, marvelous man, as I say, so just bear in mind the story of the stove. So universities take on this third role of entrepreneurship and innovation and commercialising knowledge. You could take a very Marxist view of this, that the source of economic power now is in people's minds, it isn't in coal mines, of course it is to an extent, and it is to an extent in gas fields and so on, but a great source of economic power is people's minds, and the companies, of course, want to take advantage of this. Traditionally universities have been, they've always had links with commercial operations and never of a particularly close and collaborative kind, until fairly recently. So you might describe the universities as a fountain head of public knowledge, characterised by open dissemination of this knowledge and sharing open disclosure to the Benjamin Franklin model of the diffusion of knowledge in a democratic way. The primary protection is inevitably part of this story. The governments recognise that the universities are in a knowledge economy, that they're the most efficient, essentially they're the most efficient mechanism for transferring knowledge and making it marketable and profiting from it. And this can create problems. So we're talking about the kind of problems that go back to the Benjamin Franklin quote, which can arise from patents and licensing and so on, licensing agreements. Knowledge is essentially, is retained, it's made secret in a restrictive network of elites, let's face it, to whom universities may to some extent become, the danger is that they will become subservient to the market forces. So anyway, market orientation is introduced into research which was never really present before or at least was very, very marginally present. Of course people have always made money from their research. The history of patents actually goes back much further. There are patents in Venice, there are very possibly patents in ancient Greece that are referenced to what sound like patents in ancient Greece. Clearly people have restricted knowledge for their own profit but generally speaking universities that hasn't been their role. This is particularly interesting when we live in an age of new paradigms of innovation, open sourcing, crowdfunding, so quite democratic paradigms of innovation. So you have on the one hand open sourcing in this democratic dynamic and then on the other you have a more restrictive, potentially restrictive dynamic of closed knowledge and patents and so on. So the entrepreneurial university clearly has, it brings great benefits. You introduce new funding streams, you create a diversity of interest, you create a range of funding streams instead of being pretty much entirely dependent on government. And actually people talk just on the side, American universities, many of the best of which including Stanford are private, Berkeley for example is public. They still depend on federal money for research, so it's taxpayers' money which is often forming the foundation of their research funds. Thank you.


Hello, I'm Vladislav Gribinja, I'm leading the Legal Resources Centre, an independent think tank from Kishinau, Moldova. I will be speaking about the COVID situation in Moldova, a country squeezed between Ukraine and Romania. On 7th of March, the first COVID-19 case was detected in Moldova. On May 20, there were more than 6,500 persons infected with COVID in my country. A quarter of this number is medical personnel. More than 250 people died of COVID until May 20. The per capita number of infected persons in Moldova is 3 times higher than the world average. However, the number of deaths caught by COVID is only 20% above the average. I should note here that I'm reporting above only the official statistics, but official statistics in Moldova often show a picture which is far from reality. On 17th of March, the Moldovan government declared a state of emergency and introduced a number of restrictions to alleviate the crisis. The emergency expired on 15th of May. In this period, an emergency committee took over the crisis management functions. The committee issued 29 decisions, ordering the closure of schools, universities, small shops and big malls, restaurants, sports centres, museums, theatres, playgrounds, parks, forests and air traffic. The in-country public transport was not banned but was harshly limited. No total ban on movement of people was imposed, however, people over 63 were ordered to stay at home, while appearing in public of more than 3 persons was also banned. Six localities were quarantined after a high number of COVID cases confirmed. Official measures have been taken in the justice system. The examination of cases, except the urgent ones, was suspended. The legal delimitations were also suspended. However, the defence authorities, notaries, bailiffs and lawyers were compelled to continue their work during the crisis. The judges and prosecutors de facto didn't work. The breach of the imposed rules was sanctioned with fines exceeding 1,000 euros, which is a very high amount for Moldova. However, the respect of the imposed limitations was far from exemplary, especially at the end of the emergency period. The emergency situation was not extended beyond May 15th, apparently due to particularly severe impact of lockdown on economy. It was estimated that some 60% of companies stopped entirely their work, while the public revenues dropped by 70%. However, even after 15th of May, some limitations were kept in place, like the obligations to wear masks in closed public spaces, ban on operation of malls, restaurants and sports centres. The respect of these limitations appeared to be deficient, as in the last days the number of infected persons more than doubled compared to the plateau reached in late April. Freedom of expression was seriously affected by the state of emergency. State Secret, State Service, blocked more than 20 websites that, according to them, were spreading fake news. It should be noted that those websites were not the major influencers in Moldova. The head of the Broadcasting Council, Warder Journalists, to stick to official data when reporting about COVID crisis, to avoid disseminating personal opinions about it. This order was repealed several days later as a result of harsh reaction of journalists that were claiming that the censorship is introduced. The procedure of obtaining information of public interest was also made more complicated by tripling the time limit for offering it. The role of the parliament was limited considerably. It was not convoked for over a month, despite the critic of the opposition. On 1st of April 2020, the government, avoiding the parliament, took a number of economic measures aimed at supporting people and business, some of which were populistic. This decision was later annulled by the Constitutional Court, as adopted contrary to the constitution. The government also started negotiation of a 200 million-year-old loan from the Russian Federation without the opinion of the parliament, which is required by law. The negotiations were very quick and the resulted agreement contained a number of provisions that could affect Moldova. The loan was voted in the parliament with a thunder speed without a genuine debate. The loan agreement was later declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court, as it was not clear in its language and could endanger Moldova. Tending examination of this case, the Constitutional Court reported that they were intimidated by the public officials and the surveillance, and called the prosecution service to investigate the incident. So far, no decision on this complaint was taken by prosecutors. A special system of public acquisitions for COVID purposes was put in place. It is not transparent at all, and there were rumors that contracts are assigned based on political interests. The crisis didn't affect elections. The elections in one parliamentary constituency took place just two days before declaring the state of emergency. Perhaps this is the reason why the emergency was declared so late. Indeed, two localities were quarantined shortly after these elections. The presidential elections shall take place in Moldova in fall, and there were no discussions to postpone them. However, the current president, who will most likely run in these elections, used the crisis to promote himself.


Good afternoon folks, Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of sunny Delray Beach, Florida. This is your 1 p.m. update and currently we have all U.S. indices that we track trading to the upside. Now it's up 192 points, six tenths were sent, S&P 38 points, nine tenths, NASDAQ one and a quarter point, that is 183 or one and a quarter percent, 184 points, Russell six tenths, some eyes to the big winner out here, up nearly 4 percent, 132 points are trading out at 3492. You've got gold trading up 26 bucks, 1963 is the print, silver's up 75 cents, trading at 2595, lights be crewed back about 84, 113 to where she is printing out, 30 or treasury down nine ticks, natural gas up 13 pennies, trading out at $5.40. Let's go take a look at our nine p.m. market update chart. We've got new profiles that are forming in the ES and the NQ, upper right and upper left hand quadrant of the screen. The new profile bearish in structure has resistance. So the ES is trading in the resistance zone. That zone is between 44, 37 and 45, 14 to the downside. Now this profile will not be confirmed until this evening, but it's pretty solid as we speak right now. Support being 43, 22. Spot follow ten X is trading below 22, 64, 22, 64 is yesterday's low, yesterday's low was the bar following the bar number nine of a TD nine count. So you close below that, that pattern that would have identified a bottom would have been negated or failed. And with price below the 50 day expense moving average, the ES many should move sideways higher, but we know we've got resistance at the 45, 14 level. The NQ is trading in resistance top of its daily profile. That's up a little bit higher, 14, 690. We're printing right now at 14, 657. US dollar index not much here to report on price as trading higher, but it's running into resistance or potential resistance that he's sending trend line. Goldilocks is trading above the center of its below structured profile. Ordinarily that would suggest to move to the top of its daily profile and that would be at 2028. But there is a new weekly profile that is attempting to form in that resistance levels at 1991. So right now it looks like gold is going to go target the 1991 level. Silver is trading up in resistance, both the top of its daily profile and close to the top of the weekly. The actual tops are 26, 22 and 26, 40. Lights be crude trading above the top of its daily profile. That's bullish and suggests to run back for its most recent highs. Natural gas trading above a prior rogement to indicator signal $5.19. But I believe today we'll confirm a TD9 count top inside of natural gas. 30 year treasury also forming a new profile, supported 14807 resistance 15313. Folks, stay tuned for the Trader Zed Show. But if you're up to start through Thursday, have a terrific one. Thanks again for joining us.


Hey guys, we are back with a another video for my year 2017 for the month of October Which might be in my notebook. Let's see. It might be in here. I Haven't finished putting things in for September yet, but I will Off-camera. I'm not gonna do it on camera Okay So we're gonna get ready for October Which is here I'm not gonna take it out of the notebook because it will be easier. There we go Okay, so for our setup as we have done before We are gonna add our book review list in here somewhere and I think I Think this month I want to like stick it here somewhere. So We're gonna do that. I printed four of the book review lists on a piece of Just regular printer paper with my laser jet printer The book review list and other free image downloads Illustrations are all available to you guys here in the my year 2017 Facebook group the in the files section there is a genus free doodles or Something like that named file. I don't remember the exact name of it if you're watching this on YouTube and you're not part of the my year 2017 group and You're like what the heck is she talking about? I have a free art and creative life group me and three other teachers Teach throughout the year over on Facebook. The link is in the description below We're about ready to close of course close out an archive the year. It's October We're getting to be the end of that year. We're gonna start a brand new group for 2018 and going forward and if you would like to join both groups you can at the moment The links are in the description below The old group will be archived at the end of the year It will be accessible to anybody still in there, but it's not going to be open to new members at all So if you want to see the old group you better go join now I'm going to use just some tape runner to take this Book review list in here. One of my goals for the year has been to use up what I have In my journals and things. I just you know, we hoard stuff and I don't know why we're hoarding it This time last year I picked up on clearance some of these gold rub-on transfers from Target I don't think they're making them again this year But these were intended to be used on like pumpkins and stuff I think and I have them in my stash honestly kind of forgot about them I've been using them up so I have like a sheet and a half left and I thought you know At least where I am in California in the US. It's autumn We're getting ready for all of our autumn holidays and I Want to add some Appropriate colors and decorations These are really really pretty and really bright and shiny This they're really pretty. I am actually I'm sorry. They're not making them again this year. I'd like more of them But they're not doing that so That I've seen anyway, I'm not that I'm going shopping a lot because hello trying to use my stash up So I'm just using a Popsicle stick to rub on the Front side and that releases the gold Transfer onto the paper and you know if I messed up it's not I'm not too worried This side has like a plastic coating and the sticky like metallic side is here So when you put it on the paper, it sticks a little bit and then rubbing it with popsicle stick makes it stick completely So we're going to add some gold accents here. Just you know messily at random. I'm not caring if I get perfect images or Anything like that. That one's dust. So I have one more my goal is to try to use it up See what happens. I have a few other random bits and pieces Things I do like the way these come off the paper. They come off really easy I have found if you happen to have some of these in your stash that if you're using them in a journal page It's probably for the best that you put some gloss gel medium over them to just ensure that they don't at some point rub off That they really do stick well. Like I said, they weren't really I don't think developed for paper crafting. They were developed for like Decorating your pumpkins. So now we have some nice bright gold stuff on there and I have Used it up. So yay. Okay, cool. I have a few other random things that I think I want to look at I have this You know, I have this quote at the road ahead and I don't know why I cut this out I don't know exactly why I insisted on saving it but And I don't know why I pulled it out to put in here But I just feel like it needs to be in here. I don't know why Just I don't know it feels right. So I'm I usually work in a pretty organic process and I Really like working that way and I try really hard to go with what feels right. So I don't know what the month of October has ahead in store for me It's the end of September beginning of October right now when I'm filming this So I have no idea But I do have this feeling that this needs to be on here. So I don't know what that means But we're going to go with it. You can use really different things. I have some stencils cut here Prototype stencils that actually didn't work out. The design wasn't quite right and pieces actually fell out of it I have punch in Ella that's just really past it These are the kind of things that you definitely not only can use in your mixed media but you can use in your In your year journal and I would love to see you guys use some of these This is actually a piece of a Stencil that I had in my stash. I don't need the whole thing. I Have another piece. It was a really long one and I'm like kind of wanting to know I'm kind of wanting to put some of it on here. So I think we're gonna do that Cut a couple sections off if you look at it less like a stencil and more as just Interesting plastic. I would love to see you this month. Use some fun interesting things in your journal Maybe use some bits of nature leaves They don't want to be real ones Use some silk ones. Maybe somebody gives you I don't know. Maybe somebody gives you a gift and you want to use part of it in your in your journal I would love to see that happen. I'm gonna grab my Tim Holtz tiny attacher for which I need staples Find the staples. I'll be right back. I Put him away You know in a safe place Took a minute to figure out where that safe place was So let's put some more. I like the Tim Holtz tiny attacher because you get the sort of industrial look of the staple Oops without a big huge staple I love the way that looks and you could stick something underneath there So if you got say a movie ticket or a picture or a piece of patterned paper You could stick that underneath there. That would be really cute. This is just a scrap of paper that came with some Stamps and stencils I bought recently this piece of Background paper was in there. I think Dina Wakeley's paper So that's the kind of thing I would love to see you use in your journal this month You of course could do something more of the traditional like break out You know your Halloween decorations, this is a Tim Holtz stencil that I just got actually recently it has skulls and crossbones on it and Actually, I'm gonna put that out I think we I was gonna end the video, but I think we need to do a skull on Halloween I do celebrate Halloween some of you may not and that's cool. I think we're gonna Let's get a stencil brush. No now that I did that I need I need to put a stencil I mean a skull there. So this is just Adirondack paint Trying to use up paint here in my art room oops Nobody needs to hear that clinking so I put some paint on the brush And now I'm dabbing off a lot of it so that I have very little paint on the brush And that's really the way to get a good stencil Whether using my stencils or someone else's I do have my own stencil line for those of you who don't know I Should tape this off so off so I don't get any of the Images on either side, but I'm not I don't care. It's fine. I love that. I knew I would like this stencil And then we can take a black pen be Halloween So things like that and really personalize your journal get it ready for the month Add some fun little bits and pieces to it that you have in your stash and see what you can come up with I will be back Tomorrow with another video for my year 2017. We're gonna do some fun stuff I think this week have fun setting up your section for October and if you want to join the Facebook groups The link for the two teaching groups and my personal Group a life of art and self-expression. They're all in the description below In fact, there's a link to a site called link tree and if you click on that everything is on there Although I can't hide all the places you can find me on the internet They're all on there The link for my tip jar if you want to support my channel on the free content here on YouTube and Facebook Along with my happy mail address and a bunch of other stuff. So check it out If I forget to link anything Somebody put it in the comments and I will correct it ASAP. That's it for right now Don't forget the most important thing go out and have a good day Do something nice for yourself because you deserve it and I'll see you later. Bye guys