Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. The foot birthday pack supply and the prices on this market are just insane. So I wanna talk about that today, how the market's been moving crazy since yesterday on Saturday with the lightning rounds that continue to be dropped almost every single hour, what that is doing to the market. The foot birthday cards have dropped down a ton in price. Kinda the outlook for those as we head into Sunday today with a mini release of more foot birthday cards expected to drop on the market in the game. And of course we have to talk about icon moments because those are being supplied a decent amount as well. Even though they're so rare to pack, EA is running so many lightning rounds at this moment that it's just applying these cards a lot on this market. Everything that is in packs right now is getting supplied like crazy. And even here in the middle of the night, it's like two, three AMUK time when I'm recording this video. And you have, I think it was like 60,000 of these 85 plus star rare players packs that were dropped 57 minutes ago. A one hour lightning round, there's only 7,000 packs left in the dead of night. People are opening these lightning rounds. They did the ultimate pack pluses yesterday. They still have them here. The 50K pack plus lightning rounds, I saw those were out. So there's just a ton of supply. And I wanna talk about how that's gonna affect the market into this week as well along with the SBC fodder market as we see prices staying really stagnant there. Again, take a look at today's Sunday content with that mini release. They might re-release the Prime Icon upgrade SBC because that is expiring today. And I just wanna talk about in general what's going on with this market and how are these prices and all this supply going to affect the game. So if you're excited for the mini release today, I know some of you guys are like where in the world was that Odegaard? I think we might be seeing him today as well as maybe another foot birthday player SBC. Three days in a row of that. Make sure to hit a thumbs up on the video. And of course, subscribe if you are new. Now let's talk about the market, right? The crazy thing right now about what is happening is there's just so many packs that are being opened. And you know, Gigi's EA, right? They're getting the bag. EA is out here getting the bag. But what it is doing is it's dropping these prices of foot birthday cards on the market like crazy. Take a look at some of these drops that we have seen in the past 24 hours. Last night I was looking at Tony Cruz, right? And he was like 900K, 928,000 coins. He's down 200K in less than 24 hours. That is astounding. That is crazy. It's just a combination of all of this supply. People finishing their week and leave. People finishing, trying out with these cards for some of their games this weekend. He's literally down 200,000 coins in one day. And it's all because of the supply. Take a look at Jack Grealish. This guy was like 200K last night as well or in the morning yesterday. 203, he's now 130.  It's honestly mind blowing. Even on the lower tier, right? I was selling, I sold like 15 docus last night. I bought docus at like 37,000 coins like right in here and I sold them all for 43K overnight. This dude is 20K, 20,000 coins for this card. It's wild. It's crazy to see some of the drop offs and it's all based off of the supply that we were having in the lining rounds that we're having. Now we can even extend this and look at the current team of the week. I thought Mbappe was gonna be like kind of low at like 2.3, 2.4 million coins or even 2.5. This guy went from 2.5 million coins. He was down in the 2.2 mil range. He still is, right at that 2.2 to 2.3, 1.8 on the Xbox for this Mbappe. Usman Dembele, team of the week. Remember when this guy was extinct at 180K? Yeah, he's 60K on the Xbox and 80K on the PlayStation. Crazy and it's all based around the supply that we are having this weekend on this game. Now, SBC fodder is kind of just chilling. If you kind of look at this, yeah, 84s are down, 85s are down, 86s are down like 1,000 coins a piece. That's really not that much in the grand scheme of things. 88 raids are like 30,000 coins. They're not really down that much. 89s are like 49K. There's still a mid icon player pick that is out right now. We have the prime icon upgrade that is still yet to expire. It's gonna expire today and we'll talk a little bit more about that. But we still have some, especially that mid icon player pick. We have the Mkhitaryan that people are interested in. We have the Fredericks, which not as many people are interested in. But we have these icon upgrade SBCs, which people who have coins, right? A lot of people on the market, that's the interesting thing. You have prices that have dropped off so much, but you also have people on this game that actually still have a decent amount of coins because so many saved up packs for open this weekend, so many lightning rounds are being opened. These people that are opening lightning rounds of FIFA points, that's bringing coins onto this game. So you're really not seeing the whole market crash because of this. It's just the stuff that is in packs that is being affected so heavily on this game. Now that should be the only thing that stays affected the most, right? The stuff that is in packs. Now what could change that? And you're like, yo Nate, we have road to the final cards that have games this week, potential upgrades on the line, like my Taliso, he's down like 7, 8,000 coins, right? He's like 190,000 coins, I believe. So this guy's down like 10K, really not that far down as an out of packs card. Is there room for some of these road to the finals to rise back up out of this weekend into the games that we have this week? Absolutely, right? Keep an eye on those guys that have games this week. Mars is 941 right now, right? That's still decently low for a card like this. The whole rest of the market, like some of your future stars, your out of pack specials, like those road to the finals, you're not seeing like a big panic selling on those. Some of the prices have dropped down from the bubble that we were in last week, but you're not seeing a ton of panic because of all these full birthday cards being so low in price just yet. I do think that the rest of the market could drop some later on this week if the rest of the content is good. Now you are seeing some people start to sell some cards off, like that Ferrantoris was down a little bit, but right now Mbappe's gold card out of packs, people are seeing these icon moments, people are seeing how cheap some of the full birthdays are. So Mbappe's gold card, which sometimes these higher tier meta golds can be an indication of how prices are gonna continue to react based off of where their prices are moving. This card is down a lot, 749,000 coins. That's down like 50K in value and that's, he's not even in packs right now.  This is just people selling off this card because they A, wanna go and try out full birthdays. They're B, want coins to go and try icon moments. Or C, they're just wanting to get their coins ready because they know that SBCs are coming, right? And you know, foot birthday player SBCs have been decently solid so far, right? I mean, the Fredericks SBC from yesterday isn't that great, but of course everybody knows that foot birthday brings good content. And you know, maybe even today people are starting to look forward to Sunday content with a mini release and maybe another icon upgrade SBC. So all of that kind of combined and seeing how cheap the foot birthday prices are that could drop some of the out-of-packs market and some of the rest of the market later on this week. It just really depends in my opinion on what the rest of this week looks like for content. How good the content is, how many coins it takes off the market and how hyped the SBCs are. That's really where it's gonna be for me. I could see the market as a whole dropping off a little bit but again, like I said, it just depends on that content. Now again, with all this crazy pack supply as well it creates a window of opportunity for some quick flips. You know, we've made a lot of coins this year quick flipping cards that get really, really rare and then bounce up afterwards like I'm watching the Suarez right now, right? The Suarez just was 970 but he's getting really, really rare right now. And as I search, he only has a few cards up to like 1.05 mil. Now he's only has a few cards at 980K as well. So if I was gonna try to snag one of these Suarez at like 980 I would really need like a 960 because I would feel comfortable selling him at like 1.04, 1.05 potentially if he gets rare and rebounds. So that's the kind of thing you might be able to trade with a little bit with these cards that are very rare. I'm gonna take a look at Tony Cruz because he was like, what, 840K? Then he dropped down another 100,000 coins. Is he getting really rare yet? He's starting to. I would really wanna see like 730, I think, on Tony Cruz. 730 I would feel pretty comfortable with. Yeah, see all these at 740? I'd see like 730 or 720. If I was gonna try a quick risky, risky, albeit quick flip, did they drop another lightning round? We just turned into another hour here. We just turned, I think this is like 40MUK. Yeah, 40MUK right now is what the time is. 11PM my time. Let me get into the store because I have cards on my sign. They dropped another lightning round, the 86 plus star. My goodness EA sports, that's crazy. Anyways, so you still have these lightning rounds that are going on late night and just continuing to supply and supply and supply. And there's probably gonna be more lightning rounds like this during the week. I mean, remember back to Winter Wild Cards and Team of the Year when they did these consistent crazy late night, early morning lightning rounds? We saw those lightning rounds consistently dropped even a few times during the actual week, right? Usually lightning rounds are just in the weekend, but we saw those on the weekdays too on some of those days during those promos. So that's just something crazy that we have going on with the market. Maybe if I see another Suarez packed first owner or something at like 9.79, all right, there's two of them, right? If I can get a 9.60, then I'll maybe get interested. So that's kind of the crazy stuff for these full birthday cards. If you want to buy any of these for your team or for a card that you just wanna try out, I would say, yeah, go and try the card, but I would not hold on to it very long because again, when we look at today's content on Sunday, what we might be able to see today, we might have another SBC that could drain some coins off this market and pull people away from these meta cards because fodder is down, right? It's a little bit cheaper than where it was. I wouldn't say that it's cheap right now. Again, in the grand scheme of things, 86 is at 16, 15,000 coins is not that cheap, like 11, 12K is cheap, right? It's just down from where it was. These guys were over 20K earlier last week. We have this prime icon upgrade that is right now going to expire today on Sunday. It's only 381,000 coins to complete. Like I mentioned, people who are getting coins from opening these packs with FIVA points, this would be an SBC that they would probably be interested in doing if it comes and gets re-released today on Sunday. That could be part of our content. We've seen them re-release icon SBCs a lot in the past couple of weeks. So I would keep a close eye out for this prime icon upgrade being re-upped or refreshed. And it's only 380K and they had 84% upvotes the last time it was released. So I would imagine that even it started off 100,000 coins more expensive the first day that it was released last week on February 26th. If it's gonna be 100K cheaper with how fodder is right now, there's gonna be a lot of people that would go out and do this prime icon upgrade. So you might see SBC fodder go on a little bit of a rise today because of that pack. And that also could impact some of your foot birthday cards, some of your out-of-packs market. And just the whole market in general is people might go sell some cards to go ahead and try to get that SBC done. I'm actually gonna check on Allen right now because Footpin chose an undercut at 740. Oh my goodness, see, that's a really big undercut on Allen, 740 on his card. It would be something that would make me very interested anyways. Let's talk about again a couple more things for today's content on Sunday that we might be seeing. We have had two days in a row of player SBCs. We had the Fredericks yesterday, which I know a lot of people aren't super duper stoked about because you look at this card and you're like, man, it's not that much different than Gold Kyle Walker or especially if you did the Tanganga SBC during Future Stars, you're like, I don't need this card. He does have a five star weak foot and he is decently cheap, but the stats on this card are not that great. And that's why I think a lot of people are not super hyped about it. Now, I'm really curious to see if they give us another player SBC three days in a row. I would maybe lean on the side of not receiving one potentially today, but there are some names out there and there's a couple, especially a brand new name that has been a leak for an SBC coming during foot birthday is this man, Timber. The Dutch center back from the Air Divisi, that's a pretty cracked looking card. The stats should be official. He and Dombele, Timber, and there's one more. Who am I forgetting? And Dombele, Timber, and oh, Bruno G, Bruno Goumoreche, the center defensive mid from Newcastle. Those are all options for like our upcoming SBCs as they're all leaked. I don't know which one of them is gonna come today. I don't think EA is going in order of like FIFA's except for like the daily SBCs that give you the foot birthday swap tokens. We started off with the McIterian and then I think the FIFA 15 SBC was the Fredricks that we had yesterday. If you look at his SBC in game, it says, you know, back to his FIFA 15 card. So I don't know which one we're gonna be getting next, Timber and Dombele or Bruno G, or maybe somebody completely different, but this is a potential SBC card that we could see today or in the coming days. Now of course, Sundays are many released days and there's some team, there's some cards from that leaked team one that we are expecting to see number one and probably the most popular card we'll see released in packs today unless EA have some other surprises planned would be Odegard. Odegard was on the loading screen on Thursday when they teased the cards, right? 92 passing center attack in mid. That was a card that was on the loading screen.  So I think we're expecting to see Odegard today in the game as a player released in packs. Same thing with Ruben Vezo and Guerrero. Those were part of the leaked team one that were not released. So I think it's potentially those three cards. We maybe have another one or two in the mini release today but I think Odegard, Guerrero and Ruben Vezo would be ones that I would expect to see on the game today just as a look out as a heads up for maybe the cards we would see in packs as a part of our Sunday content mini release today. They've also been hitting us with consistent objectives. With yesterday we had the foot birthday, was it the foot birthday rush or no foot birthday tour by five players in the transfer market. You get the 81 times three packs for a couple of these. You get a swap token for winning some squad battles games. So yeah, make sure you're going in here and checking these objectives because this one was kind of interesting yesterday. There's some really simple ones. And there's also some that are like assist 10 goals, score 30 goals, play five rival matches. So very interesting for these objectives but hey, we'll take it, right? It's not that hard, decently easy. You get some packs and some very interesting packs back like I mentioned. So that could be our content for today on Sunday. Now let's talk icon moments a little bit because I know some of you guys might be trying to trade with these and the prices are fluctuating like crazy. You just have to be very careful. You have to be very, very careful when you're trading with the icon moments. Did Suarez just go up? Well, I'm buying that, 970. All it got bought. All right, hold up. Before we talk icon moments, I gotta look at this Suarez because I think he's on the bounce. I think Suarez is on the bounce. This is what happens with these cards when they get super duper rare like this is they bounce really, really fast and I think Suarez might have just bounced. Suarez is 981 and then the next one is 1.01. Oh boy, is that 980 getting bought? It did. The 980 got bought almost instantly. Let me get that red card out of the way. Yeah, so Suarez bounce. We kind of missed the bounce unless somebody is gonna look at a flipping price and list them up. We kind of missed the bounce. That's unfortunate but that's the thing that can happen with these really, really rare cards when they're for birthdays.  So we'll still keep an eye on that because on footbenny's listed at 970 somebody might look at that price and go list them up there instead of actually checking his card in the market but that maybe gives me some hope that a guy like Tony Cruz or Alan could potentially bounce back a bit too just purely based off of rarity into today on Sunday a little bit, right? A little bit. We're gonna have to get a perfect price but speaking of rarity, icon moments, these guys are rare. These guys are very rare. They're also in demand. There's a lot of people that are trying to trade with these cards. Now if you're trying to trade with them be very, very careful because there's also a lot of people who are doing the same thing as you are trying to flip these cards. There is big time potential on these items to lose a lot of coins because with the consistent lightning rounds that we are seeing, these icon moments, albeit with very, very rare and hard to pack luck, right? These cards are gonna get supplied and especially as I go and take a look and compare price on a lot of these items I see so many of them listed for overnights or listed for six hours or something like that that are like second owner, right? Let's take a look at a couple of these Canavarros here. Like a 1.9, that's a second owner but it's got games played. I was looking at a card earlier where it was just full of people listing overnight trying to get sales. Maybe it was Del Pierro. Let me take a look at this card. Del Pierro 175, there's a trader right there, right? Second owner, no games played. That's somebody who's trying to flip this card. Now the one thing that a very, very usable and important tool, as we watch this Del Pierro on bid here, a very important tool to look at than to see if a price is actually a good price when you're trying to quick flip on these cards. Again, it's very, very risky but I wanna show you this. It's on foot bin. I wanna look at the Del Pierro and his market sales history. The cheapest Del Pierro on the market right now is 1.72 million coins. Which, okay, how much was he earlier today? You can see that earlier today he was selling for 1.5, 1.5. Even a couple hours ago, 1.47. He did have sales at 1.7, 1.8 earlier in the day when he was more rare, 1.65, 1.59. And as I'm looking at a lot of these icons late Saturday night into Sunday when you're seeing this video, I'm seeing a lot of them that were really low like this David Beckham is 1.4 mil. David Beckham before this though was 1.195, 1.18. He's rebounded up and got very rare. As these cards get rare, just like we saw with Suarez I would take the cash. If you're trading with any of these cards because they're gonna get supplied even more with Lightning Rounds and they're gonna drop even more into today on Sunday, that's my opinion. Same thing with Gerard, right? Gerard was a million coins flat, I believe. Let me just go sales history. Moments Gerard was one mil flat, 1.04, 1.02. He did sell at 1.15, 1.16, right? And even as of right now, Gerard is 1.085 and is one card away from being 1.14 mil. You just had to be very, very careful. There's a lot of potential here to lose coins. So if you're trading with these cards I think it's a W move. I think that you could make a lot of coins. I also think that you could lose a lot of coins. So just be careful. That's my number one suggestion that I would say to you. And it's the same thing if you're trying to flip foot birthdays, right? The prices that I saw last night on foot birthday cards I didn't like, except for this doku, right? I bought a bunch of doku's at 36,000 coins on bid on a couple of snipes. I think I bought like 15 or something of them. I sold them off for like 43,000 coins, right? That was a W. But with these higher tier cards like the Suarez that we just saw he did bounce back but you just have to be so, so careful because you just never know, right? Boom, Suarez is about to be 1.05 boys. We literally called it at the start of this video and you saw it come to fruition. And unfortunately we were not involved on buying the card, which sucks, but it is what it is. That's how crazy these market movements can be when these cards are this rare but also when they have the supply. So you see their prices drop down a lot then they rebound back up. Like the Allen I was seeing at 770. If I see one of these at 750 I'm probably going to pull the trigger because I think you can go back over 800K here in the next couple hours into the morning. I know we have squad battle rewards. I know we're going to have some more demand or some more supply on the market. Same thing with Cruz, right? Man, Cruz at C720. I'm going to lower my valuation. So if you want to be risky there's plenty of opportunities right now on this market to be risky with icon moments, with full birthday cards. The opportunities are endless to be risky but with all the supply you have to be so, so very careful. And you know today with that prime icon pack potentially being re-released again it's a great opportunity to actually not be risky, right? Watch some of these future stars that have fluctuated in price a lot in the past week or so. Especially this past weekend, right? Take a look at some of these cards. Today if we have one of those icon packs that are released, if you don't want to be as risky and you still want to try to make some coins on some quick flips take a look at some of these out of packs cards and if they get panic sold right after that icon pack is released or whatever content we have today. You know some of these cards might dip down low but then go up into the week a little bit especially after Monday is a common time where people go out and buy cards. After their foot champs rewards they see that as an opportunity. Hey, I got some coins. I'm going to go out and buy some cards and try some things out whether it's related to full birthdays or not. This Bruno Fernandez is 490,000 coins, right? What was he earlier this weekend? I think he is actually just kind of dropping down. He was 520 yesterday. He was actually, he was 530 yesterday at one point. So, especially on an out of packs card like this you have a lot less risk because there's a lot less supply. I'm going to add this one at 490 to my watch list. If I see like a 480, I'm going to pull the trigger on this because I do know that we have another center attack in mid from the prem getting released today with Odegaard most likely. So maybe that would make me stay away from this just a little bit but that's kind of the thing you could look into if you want to trade with some out of packs cards and have a lot less risk with flipping cards and not having to worry about pack supply and lightning rounds and stuff like that. Now you can still search for icon moments on the market and try to get insane undercuts and snipes. As people are going to pack these, not know how much they're worth and list them up for prices that are way too cheap. That's going to happen. But it's risky, right? You just have to, you have to measure the risk versus the reward. See, look, there's another person trying to trade Odegaard. Good luck. I hope it works out for you, right? That's the biggest thing with these cards is you hope that they get rare and you hope that there's enough demand for them on the market for somebody to go out and splash the cash. I think this cantina is too cheap for a day one price. I'm actually surprised that he is three mil for the upgrade that he got. I'm surprised that he's that cheap. So there are a lot of cool prime icon upgrades. The Schweinsteiger is obviously a lot of people's favorite. I think the petite is one of my favorites. The Pierlos are really a sweet update, upgrade in terms of stats. A lot of the booths were nice. Some skill moves and weak foot upgrades. So that was very cool. But again, it's all about the hype and are people willing to pay the big day one or day two price for some of these cards? And I feel like there's a lot of traders on these cards as well. So you just have to be so, so, so very careful when you're trading with these cards. I feel like I got my point across to today boys in this video. So it's gonna be another interesting day of foot birthday Sunday content, mini-release, maybe another player's PC, maybe an icon upgrade. Oh, we did have main of the matches yesterday. And Danimich Foden, Andrei Silva are kind of the main. Timo Werner as a left-wing card is another item. But these main of the matches are not as cool as the Champions League and Europa League ones that we saw last week. I think everybody would agree on that. But a couple decent other cards that were released on the game yesterday as well. So it's gonna be another interesting day of foot content, foot birthday and full swing. We'll see what happens according to the market. As there's a lot of moving pieces right now at the moment. If you enjoyed this video, smash the thumbs up on it, comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe if you are new. It has been Nate the Foot Account and I'll catch you guys later. Peace out.


This study proposes a novel multi-modality fusion assessment framework for quantifying hand motor function in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. The proposed framework consists of three components, kinematic feature extraction based on a graph convolutional network, H-A-G-C-N, surface electromygraphy, SEMG, signal processing based on a multi-layer of long short-term memory, LSTM, network, and quantitative assessment based on the multi-modality fusion. The H-A-G-C-N was used to extract kinematic features from the hand movement while the LSTM network was employed to analyze the SEMG signals. The results were then fused together to provide a comprehensive assessment of the patient's hand motor function. The proposed assessment framework was evaluated on 70 subjects who performed 28 different hand movements. The results showed a strong correlation between the proposed assessment and traditional scales, as well as a high degree of agreement between the assessments of this study and those of experienced therapists. Additionally, the sealing effect of some traditional scales could be avoided through the use of the proposed assessment. This article was authored by Chang Wangli, Han Junyang, Long Chung, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


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च्दर बहुअ वी, & has multiple reactions. तो णर घर रह्दुट. हुर micro- obtener च्दरुट बहुऄ? मूनसे । of 11 या अंते सब व papier. जिएर करमां। या या की असीdiesे नास करेता instead of grade. अग़ मुँँउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउउ आपने के वो चाभचार, बरार की तो बगराने की है। को मगटादे दियाणा के णम यूँँँली करी आव दा है, वो मगटादे लगाना पूद है. वो हाँउँँँँign, भागर है. लोगी कै वागर करी शुरग बाहें, लेगानी को भी क॥ा चाबच्ट है, एक करतात।, आप कि धवाँल। बारविए और दत अवागाँई। तो अविखानार्दार। तर स्वाद करतेडिर करतेडित सैद्देँ। आमताद बवागाँई और तर स्वाद करतेडिल। खेल बवागाई। चाऱ सी फायं तू कतेखार्गें, केरे नी, नzić भाशल्खार प Zu стranain purasin's, parasins are alkan's. भी घच्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्चि तु� black cataclipana dinner scoothils. अदिशन अदिशन लिएक्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्च h plus x minus n divided by when you substitute these numbers here you will get db db is double bond equivalent, db and dho are equal same thing, the degree of unsaturations is double bond equivalent so what are we doing here? this one, it is a formula for db, so see the number of carbonyltors, h is the number of hydrogen atom, x is number of halogen atom and n is the number of nitrogen atom what is this compound, if it is there then we take it as zero, we don't consider that, even oxygen also present, we don't consider that see it's just a trial and test it from the positive, unsaturation what is this compound, it's just alkene it's an alkene it's an alkene do you use one alkene? so what is this it's just an alkene except for... so you said that do you use one you can make either as a double bond or as a styrofoam so you see there is no double bond in this right single bond is there but it's the idea of unsaturation is one so it is not alkene actually hydrocarbons are open chain compound hydrocarbons are open chain compound closed chain compound is other category closed chain is other category because it is cyclohydrocarbon or cycloalkane cycloalkane so hydrocarbons are open chain compounds containing carbon and hydrogen first one we write down, you'll see the preparation and properties of first alkane and then we'll move on to alkene write down alkene write down the heading alkene and first thing you'll see the preparation method of alkene preparation of alkene again I'm telling you these reactions you have to memorize ok, preparation and properties reactions you have to memorize first we'll write down the first method of preparation is hydrolysis of certain carbides hydrolysis of certain carbides write down compounds of carbon like Al4C3 aluminium carbide write down there are certain carbides which on hydrolysis there are certain carbides which on hydrolysis produce alkene for example you see P2C virilium carbide P2C on hydrolysis H2O it gives CH4 virilium carbide Al4C3 balance the reaction Al4C3 on hydrolysis it gives again CH4 balance reaction is not required you can balance this reaction but you should know the product what product we get under what reaction that is more important because you see this P2C on dissociation it forms same thing we have for Al4C3 also right C4 minus forms that's why it forms CH4 so hydrolysis of certain carbides gives you alkene how this Al4C3 dissociates 40L3 plus 3C4 minus that must be balanced right 4 minus and 4 plus Al4C3 dissociates as 40L3 plus plus 3C4 minus again 3 4 minus that's why it forms CH4 certain carbides on hydrolysis gives alkene how it forms CH4 there is only one carbide see it dissociates like this so we have 3C4 minus CAH4 it can take CH4 3 carbide we have 3 carbide we have C4 minus we have 3 C4 minus present so it can take 4H plus it forms CH4 if you have this thing if you have C3 like this it will form propide but it has only one carbide and we have 4 minus that's why it forms C3 minus this is this no it won't go like this 3C4 minus we have point L joint 3C4 minus this minus so this is how the reaction goes forms allocate CH4 next method we write down from alkene one hydrolysis simply let's write down conduction yes alkene the various reagent we use for this purpose are next we write down we can use hydrogenation H2 in presence of a catalyst like nickel, platinum, selenium etc these are the catalysts another one is we can use ph3, phf phf is the solvent in with with CH3 COH third one we can also use hydrogen NH2 NH2 in peroxide H2 O2 okay these 3 tetrahydrofuran so it's in the presence of COH COH generally we take big fascinating see we will discuss the mechanism of this also right now we are not discussing it I'll tell you how the reaction will go and what product you get but we'll discuss one chapter called reaction mechanism I told you this right reaction mechanism we'll see how this reaction goes if I want to discuss this it is very difficult for you to understand okay watch this one no no it's not catalyst CH3 in the solvent we use and in the second we use CH3 COH okay so when you get that question the entire thing will be written in the question itself which is the catalyst in that this catalyst is not the CH3 is the reagent it is present in the season and the reaction takes place there must be some medium in which the reaction takes place so CH3 is the solvent in which it is present sir the reagent is TETRA HYGROFERAR TETRA HYGROFERAR the reagent is VH3 in THR we use and in the second instead we use this asset which gives H plus and we get the product okay I'll write down the reaction here oxygen present okay now you see the reaction suppose we have this CH double bond CH2 this is the alkene we have to prepare alkene from this we can use all these three reagents suppose the first one we are using is H2 with nickel or platinum or palladium any of these are catalyst we can use the product we get here here are CH single bond CH2 and the two hydrogen attached one thing this addition is SIN addition SIN addition means the both hydrogen attached from the same side SLE is either signal production or same side it is okay we will have a transition instead and then it forms SIN addition that is what you have to memorize okay this reaction we call it as 30 year center is reaction involves addition of H2 an alkene and the addition is what type SIN addition okay both hydrogen attached from the same side so the center ends center ends SENDER E N D E R E N S you have done this chapter in the school after you have seen the name you have seen the name SENDER E N D E R E N S SENDER E N D E R E N S you have done this chapter in the school after you have seen the name SENDER E N D E R E N S SENDER E N D E R E N S SENDER E N D E R E N S this is also SIN addition H2 we call it as HYDROPORATION REACTION HYDROPORATION REACTION I thought it was sleep या, जिती ऐक तात को� thanु वे� interestingly तcano बरवताping ल स्थ鴛 money ची ही की नवाखु केा पा любой करवत संगरी टीज़। ठी वेट möglichst हैं तो फरड़ाई पी ल ची फाँल। तोगर ते क्यशा ही तनईश हीodynam � effect जीके बवोंते सिंगanor अदे आज़ान पाले याज़ी घाए सिम्मा बांत है जो तो दो गे वागाचा जी तरगते तो छ़ानना च़ाए सब अप रहँजाए तो वागाचा वो जीछी नगी बुठा थे लेँन के है तो सग़न तरदीआ फील ख़ों बाहा नहींनेगे room तर समिब on string आ właści slippery इसे ईटीशों की के जlli श्थ tendhy आल्च्थ form बनीallow ओज़ को साák हिड़ा मजी்? स моя दूब है भoue के लिष मैं, फीर में लेग कि सबisphere लंगिय के मून्तरと思झती। दो, बोल चन loneliness शारगई कोती, उस्ण्चाअय के दियार बोल पीत है। बोल जो बरी वच। यह at funeral टिर спасибо, रख चनार रेई मैं चनार कोल उसर्क ज्त, चनार रेई मै सास्प्चाजा आम रेई. तुर्त्यान लग़रं ग़र्धा थी आप्रता हो पुत्ते कौता रफने लग़र रफने रफने लगा। ढ़़ than this decision is made. तुर्त्यान लग्र्धा लग्र्थघ प्रतीरलों और ळादा करनावाते। और वा आप जी कर्चा का न अपने लगी। wnież  अज्ट्तिन । । । मुते इं । । ।


It has felt like the latest year that I have been coming in touch with a Shomonga's anger and every time I'm in contact with the light this anger comes up and When I want to walk I I suddenly start shouting really loud Yeah, you're just describing What we have to go through because it's like the the anger Has been so pushed away, you know, it's it's it's not Acceptable in society. It's not acceptable in family. It's not acceptable in relationships It's not acceptable Where we work It's it's just not acceptable and yet Jesus assures us that he says in the course Until you are willing To look upon the full Extent of your own self-hatred You will not be willing to let it go So that kind of fits with that line. I was just saying if the more you look at fear the less you see of it Until you're willing to look upon the full Extent of your own self-hatred you will not be willing to let it go It reminds me of those Obstacles to peace, you know when you get down To the fear of God or the fear of God's love It's it's so intense that the ego projects it on to persons Onto onto your body onto Other onto the world you just go for a walk and you start screaming at the trees and in the birds and everything Because it's almost like a volcano that is is gonna erupt And it's almost like no it has to go somewhere. It's just it's it's too intense now in one sense I Would say because you're aware of it, you know now there's a stronger Urgency to heal because Most of the seven billion People are walking around on a keg of dynamite But they've got that keg so wrapped up So bottled up They are not aware they may see pictures of Saddam Hussein or Osama bin Laden and Hitler and go villains and vicious ones who Tyrant who look over there tyrant and they Mold or multiple mass murders who well, it's easy for them to point the finger, but they're not aware That they're sitting on a keg of dynamite and they've done a lot of work to suppress that dynamite There are others who are on the spiritual journey who Who say I've been told I'm sitting on a keg of dynamite, but I'm not experiencing that So they do rebirthing and they do circular breathing. They do ayahuasca They they do psychedelics.  Well The thing about it is in one sense. I know it's painful, but you're in touch with it You're it's not that far from the surface you're closer To the to the ultimate healing because you're in touch with it It's hard to handle, but you're but you also have a very strong Urgency now with it because the volcano the lava has come Much more to the surface. It's not buried way down Under miles under it's actually it's kind of getting close to the to the top of the volcano And sometimes some of it spews out there when you're on a walk when you allow it You let some of those things shoot out of there and throw a few rocks and some lava out there So in one sense Still it comes back to the daily practice like like for me I knew that I may have certain things that helped trigger the unconscious and And those are very helpful. They all have their own usefulness But in the end I'm just gonna have to go for the slow and steady practice You know, it's like the old story of the tortoise and the hare the rabbit may Go racing on in high speeds, but sometimes you go with such high speeds that the rabbit has to just finally Rest not the turtle Think of yourself.  Okay. I'm gonna be a turtle, but I'm gonna be a turtle for Jesus I'm gonna practice this and take this stride by stride step by step and I'm gonna let It come up because I know it has to like I did with my tears Like I and I did know that when I was crying and when I got to be so sad I I did say I think there's some anger Underneath this sadness And then eventually when I started to really get in touch with the anger I was really like a turtle with Jesus. I'm like, okay, Jesus. We got some major anger coming up here now This is feels dysfunctional. I Can't be around my parents when I'm raging. I can't be around my friends when I'm raging in fact It's not really good to be around society when you're raging and Jesus is like, yeah, just turtle right over to this hermitage that I have for you Out in the woods and you can take some nice walks and scream and there's some I got some nice rocks for you to Scream at and you know and the rocks were fine. They were like Rocks were like we're so glad to be a part of your healing process You give it to us scream at us as loud as you want. Yeah, we love you, you know So it still comes back to that guidance even when it's intense rage Whatever it's still Jesus is still there for us and still Will give us things like hermitages or he just said yeah, you're right. You're it's best not to be around people During this phase. So here come here. I'll take you out out where you can let it up without any worries or concerns for You know repercussions From that. So that's how much we're loved and I just would assure you that That you're you're just exactly where You are on your journey and it's perfect nothing's going wrong and That there will be this guidance that will allow for you to to let it move through Really, almost like if we had a kidney stone, you know, what do you do with the kidney stone? You you eventually have to let it pass Yeah, and I'm actually very grateful that it is coming up because I can feel how it has been making me sick and tired for years and It has been my biggest desire to let everything come up so Yeah, thank you Thank you Yeah, we're honored honored that you can do that for everybody Thank you


Introduce you to the next talk. It's gonna be by Jonas Geisler. He's gonna talk about power to X and Dive a little bit into carbon capturing and utilization. So I'm especially interested in this since you know Our planet is burning and we are trying really hard to save it. So I hope Jonas can give us some hints about how that might be possible. So please give a warm welcome to Jonas. Thank you Yeah, hi A warm welcome from my side as well to my talk and yeah as already announced I will talk about how to make things from electricity or power to X and the outline of my talk is first What is the idea behind power to X and what does this mysterious X might stand for? Then I want to talk about carbon capture and utilization like a group of techniques which fall under this large word of power to X Then I will want to talk about the energy sector a little and the chemistry sector so where this could be applied and and Why this might make sense to do this so in the hopefully very near future So yeah, the phrase power to X Basically the idea is when we are generating renewable energy We produce at certain times sufficient electricity at certain times not sufficient electricity and at other times surplus Electricity and this surplus electricity the idea was what to do with it like we have it. We have it as a resource do something with it and There is where the first word you will find when you're searching for power to X terms comes into the game Which is the trivial solution? Which is sorry power to value so make something valuable and We'll see later on that the idea of using surplus energy won't be enough, but that's basically the idea by the way power in that case usually is electricity so Not that you're confused power refers always to to electricity Then when we got this idea like power to value We can ask us the question like what do we need and there comes the next group of terms we can use Into play and the first one I want to present you is power to power. So now you might think that's Stupid we have power. Why should we do something to make power? But that's basically referring to all the energy storage things like Storing to make the grid stable for times where we don't have sufficient electricity supply and use it then The next is heat heat is One of the main fields besides electricity where we put energy in so why not make heat with that power? third one mobility Same thing. We have a certain Field where we need a lot of energy. Let's bring electricity to that field The next thing chemicals that will be something I will talk a lot about Because carbon capture and utilization is mainly about chemicals yeah, can we Use that electricity to produce chemicals in a efficient way and in a renewable way And the last term one might find is food in that field one might find more terms But this is basically what is the most common? So maybe we can also use it to produce some food Yeah Now we have Our needs in a basic the question is now what products can we actually make? And there we come to a very often heard term power to gas This mainly refers to methane and a hydrogen where we have the another terms power to methane power to hydrogen So let's produce gases which are storing energy for us and we can apply them for certain things Very similar a power to fuel or power to liquid which is essentially the same like when referring to fuels By that term we very often think of liquid fuels and when we're referring of liquids We very often think of fuel applications. So that's that's rather similar And the next one would be sun gas Sun gas is The mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen which is very often used in chemical industry. So I will talk about that later Power to syngas Yeah, is what's meant with that You can find power to ammonia ammonia is one of the chemicals we are producing in very large scale and Which is very energy demanding. We're burning a lot of fossil fuels to make ammonia And the last one I want to show you is protein Which is a rather interesting idea as well to make proteins directly using that energy by some some chemistry Now how they are interconnected. So all these three energy applications refer mainly to gas and fuel a little to syngas the chemicals of course Like when we're speaking of chemical products, that's all chemistry and food is mainly ammonia due to virtualize a production and Protein but I won't talk too much about food ammonia and and proteins I will mention ammonia at some a certain point, but that's not the focus of the talk Now is that new and I would say no, that's just like modern bus wording cause power to power we have since a Long time. This is a hydro pump station from the 30s Power to heat you might know such devices from your grandparents power to mobility You this is a bus from the 40s and power to chemicals This is a Chloralkali electrolyzer. So producing chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide solution from the 1920s So we have power to whatever already the thing is just in times of climate change and An increasing amount of renewable energy it becomes more interesting and new technologies could be implemented But the general power to something terms are nothing really new Now coming more to carbon capture and utilization What we are doing in our energy sector usually is we take fossil carbon Then we make some fuels out of it We make one of those fields of energy we are using and in the end we end up with a CO2 and water if we think of the chemical sector We're doing the same we're making commodity chemicals. So like the large-scale chemicals produced in really Megaton scale Worldwide and from those we're producing all the fancy products We have around us and at the end of the life Hopefully we burn them or we degrade them to CO2 and water because if we don't do that We end up with waste which is even more problematic usually So This is very linear. We're coming from fossil fuels and we come going to see you to and water And I guess that's not very new to you But carbon capture and utilization now means that I'd capture this CO2 and water again, and I utilize it and make exactly that fuels and commodity chemicals to Have a circle like no more CO2 should be produced, but we are just driving it in a circle Very important from the beginning we are not reducing CO2 as long as we are not producing way more products as The products are already there, and we're just bringing new products. We're just lowering the amount of new CO2 emitted to make that clear a lot of Startups say something like negative CO2 emissions by carbon capture and utilization You need to really look into the detail if they store somewhere the carbon or if they really do Yeah Carbon capture and utilization and then they usually have no negative emissions, but I come to that later again as well Now this looks nice, but till now it's a perpetual mobile So of course we need to put in the renewable energy and we could either do that directly by putting it into the energy sectors and using this energy there Or we could just drive that cycle around by putting it into capturing CO2 from point sources We can't avoid or from the dive from the air around us Which is a little more complicated because the concentration is very low, but still possible And also possible on a large scale and in the end hopefully we get rid of this fossil carbon But just having this cycle ongoing When we look at exactly the same thing from another point of view We come to For example this energy scale and we see Different carbon products and the and oxygen Combined have a certain energy level stored within the chemical bonds and What we usually do when we when we burn them which happens at a certain point as I said We kick them over the activation barrier and then we throw them all the way down the hill till we end up with C2 and water which is really what for chemists C2 and water is quite stable So we're really down at the bottom of the energy somehow Which is good because we wanted to get this energy out of the reaction But which also is a problem because now we need to bring that back up again And the question is how could we do that? How does that work? Can we just heat up C2 and water and All our nice products fall out again. That's sadly not that easy and at first I want to talk about techniques which Are already like ever technology readiness level very high So which are could be implemented in large-scale reactions kind of already like minor optimizations still needed, but but we could do that today and therefore We take apart the water and the CO2 part and the first step we make water electrolysis Just to remind you like water electrolysis you put two electrodes into a salt solution you apply electricity and from The anode you will have Oxygen evolving and from the cathode you will have hydrogen evolving so far so easy Like for chemists, we know that Optimizing that is not that easy, but it's known technology. We can still make it better, but it's out there So now we have hydrogen and oxygen like we already produced the oxygen We put in in the beginning now we want to have our product and therefore we combine this Hydrogen and CO2 and then we go over certain reactions Which are downhill in energy? So? We are getting energy out of that again But why because the products are uphill that is because we put in more hydrogen from the beginning to produce again water So we're splitting water and using that water to reduce the CO2 to our products and we perform water at the same time now you might have seen such pictures In in school at a certain time when people were talking about catalysts And a catalyst from what I hear from people who tell me what they heard in school is this strange things which makes erection fast Or some some people or I still remember the thing that lowers the activation barrier But what does actually happen there and I want to make the experiment to get you a better glimpse of what a catalyzed reaction looks like by visualizing it and Therefore we take this picture. We have that very nice catalyst surface, which is very ordered And which is not the reality for the experts This is also not the outcome of some a simulation or whatever It's just a visualization how such a reaction could look like in the Microscale on the surface for for single molecules and atoms and Now this CO2 is a linear molecule Somewhere in the gas phase or in a liquid phase Which makes it more complex, but we just looking at the CO2 here Above this catalyst surface and if we have the right material material what could happen is that the CO2 absorbs to the to one surface atom or to a group of surface atoms and You already see that I drawn the CO2 molecule bent So it's not linear anymore and that might be already one step where the activation barrier is reduced because we it's now Accessible for reactions from some angles which were not there before and the electric electron density is different and all that So that might be more reactive than before just by absorbing it to that surface Now we want to react it this with Hydrogen now we so we put in a hydrogen molecule and some catalysts for example are capable of splitting that hydrogen molecule where it would never happen in normal cases and This might look like this so before a form something we call surface hydride So we have single hydrogen atoms sitting on the surface And they are split it up at a rather low temperatures And now we have that in very close proximity on the surface And what could happen is that one of the hydrogen atoms just jumps to one of the oxygen atoms and we formed a Surface carbonyl group this carbonyl group already is our first reaction We have reduced carbon dioxide to something not really useful yet, but we already did it Next step the the other hydrogen could jump to the very same oxygen So This is not stable. This oxygen has three bonds in that case This should in most of the cases break apart and this is exactly what happens and we form Water which is in the gas phase and we have carbon monoxide Still bound to the surface And now we could do all kinds of things so if this surface keeps that CEO Utsurped we can react it further and make One carbon containing small molecules like methane methanol all that stuff or We can Have another carbon monoxide at the same surface very close and then something similar could happen like Where the hydrogen atom reacted with the oxygen but the two carbon atoms in a close proximity now react And that's where we form like longer carbon chains, and there we make complex more complex molecules So not really complex still like two carbon atoms three carbon atoms Ten carbon atoms in the chain or something But yeah, we form form a product And the last thing which could happen this catalyst is just not capable to to keep that carbon monoxide on the surface And it desorbs and we produce carbon monoxide, which could also be fine So I Hopefully I could explain you now a little more how this catalyst thing might work and Now the question is what are their reactions which we can use and the first thing you already seen Water electrolysis is in that case the first step You've also already seen the so-called reverse water gas shift reaction where we produce carbon monoxide From CO2 and hydrogen even if it in reality on the real catalyst this might look a little different but Similar to what I've shown you this could happen Now I said carbon monoxide can be a useful product and I come back to the Sinti's gas or sin gas I already mentioned and with this in different mixtures. We can do a lot of things like Mixture one or two to one Produces LPG so liquid petroleum gas. This is what you have in your camping cooker Bottles NAFTA is a certain fraction you usually get when you distill crude oil, which is very useful in chemical industry Diesel which is also something like that if you put in Like two to one you get for example methanol ethanol demythyl ether or gasoline and With a mixture of three to one you end up with methane or so-called SNG Which is synthetic natural gas so? We which means exactly the same basically because Natural gas contains mainly methane synthetic natural natural gas usually is methane so Here we are already Very happy we have a three-step process and we produce all kinds of things we can use The problem is by having a lot of steps in a reaction We multiply the efficiency and there by the efficiency goes down So we are always very happy if we can produce things in few steps so there's for example the reaction of CO2 and Hydrogen to methanol directly on one catalyst in one step So we only have the efficiency loss of one step instead of two steps the reverse water gas shift and the corresponding sin gas reaction So we might have an increase in efficiency by doing that if that reaction is more efficient than the two steps combined Same principle with the subatee reaction there would take CO2 and hydrogen and make directly methane without going two steps One reaction I want to to mention here even if it's not carbon capture and utilization is the harbor Bosch reaction because in principle it works the same we could make the hydrogen from from water electrolysis and react that was nitrogen and There's exactly where the Reduction in producing Ammonia in a way that is more sustainable comes in because Usually the hydrogen and chemical industry today is produced by a lot of fossil fuels So you burn fossil fuels With too little oxygen to fully fully burn it and you get a lot of hydrogen out of there So if we would just use Hydrogen from water electrolysis which is more expensive today But would be way more sustainable Just to give you one further example is I want to point out on this direct methanol synthesis for a second and we form methanol and The picture you see is the George Ola plant in Iceland and it's named after a very interesting person who made the concept of A methanol economy so like basically like our today's economy is a oil economy where we produce nearly everything we have around us from oil He proposes a economy that uses Methanol as the central resource and that's why they called this plant after him because they are producing four kilotons a year of Methanol or at least they have the capacity to do so This might seem not too much when looking at 100 megaton a year Worldwide methanol consumption, but keep in mind That's just one plant and we also don't have just one plant producing methanol today and It's one of the first plans who does exactly that Producing seed from CO2 and water by the use of Quasi renewable energy in form of geothermal energy Producing methanol For the people who are interested a typical catalyst which you could use for this process would be a combination of copper and zinc oxide I'm not sure if they are using it because they for sure don't tell which catalyst they are using But this would be would be something typical one could use Let's go back to this picture where is that a way I showed you all this Steps we're going through in the processes. I've shown you till now These are the processes like I said, which are on on a technology ready readiness level that we could do that today basically But you've seen it's a lot of steps and I told you that a lot of steps sometimes is not good so let's look a little more into the future and could we go like one step and There's something promising and this is actually the field where I'm working in in a more detailed way in my PhD and This is electro catalytic CO2 reduction. So you've seen the same picture as in the slide before where explained water electrolysis So what do we change? We put in CO2 and Then for sure we need to change the catalyst material. I don't know if you really seen that but the color of the one electrode changed and What will happen then when we have the right catalyst? We get directly our renewable carbon product or like yeah hydrocarbon product and What could be those products? The first one formic acid formic acid is a chemical which Has a certain role in chemical industry several kilotons a year It's not too large, but we can produce it that way and Already kind of efficient. It is not like industrial level yet, but but that that works And we can do the carbon monoxide which I also said before that is useful and there I know that Some German companies are right now build trying to build a commercial plan to do exactly that in that step I won't mention companies because I don't want to make stupid advertisements, but there is something going on Other products we could do it could make is methane and ethylene methane again synthetic natural gas and Ethylene it would be the real thing because ethylene is I think the Chemical made from from oil Like the largest chemical made from oil Because we're producing a lot of polyethylene as plastics and we can use it also for all the other kinds of things we as well We has a very large variety To make things out of ethylene But methane and ethylene to be honest are more on a scale where it works in the lab And it's still not really sure if we can bring that to industrial scale, but it might work And yeah, like I said, that's what I'm trying to work on Or being part of large community working on that So Now I've talked a lot about the processes and the chemistry behind it Let's see can we use that and like I said to you I want to talk about the energy sector and Just to give you an estimation Primary energy consumption of the world is something like 600 exajoules a year which equals something like a hundred sixty seven petawatt hours that's what we are using in form of gas and oil and coal and Renewables like all the things we put into the energy sector in the beginning and The three Different things I told you before electricity transport of mobility and heat are Roughly a third of each like in Germany. We need a little more heat Because of cold winters And in in other parts of the world we have a little more electricity. So rough estimation one-third each So now the question is if we can mainly produce renewable energies in the form of electricity How do we bring that into that fields and? We can start with something which is very well known Mechanical storage and pumping up water a hill and we can calculate roughly One kilogram of water. We're pumping uphill for a hundred meters And we roughly come out at something like 0.3 watt hours Which are contained within the water Yeah, more uphill That's something and that's useful. We've seen that people are doing that with hydro pump storage But we might put in more energy and then we can go to terminal energy Storage and Now we take the same kilogram of water and heat it up from 25 degrees roughly room temperature to to to boiling and we see We come to something like 87 kilowatt hours in the same exact same kilogram of water This is rough a Factor of two orders of magnitude So now we can go to chemical storage, which is the thing I'm talking to you since roughly half an hour And there we can put in 3.7 kilowatt hours by splitting the water into hydrogen and oxygen This is again something like Two orders of magnitude higher That's the reason basically why you don't see cars Driving around with hydro pump storage because we couldn't just bring in enough water and height Into the into the into the car to make that but we you only have chemicals or electrochemicals driving a car Now when we go to Electrochemical storage, I want to show you this So-called ragoni plot which draws the energy density by weight. So how much energy in one kilogram? Over the energy density by volume how much energy in one liter And if you are not too familiar with the jewels up there There's one mega jewel is something like a quarter kilowatt hour Now let's take the absolute standard Which is lead acid like car batteries Which is down there it's Also has its applications and weight wise it's still the largest energy market just cause lead is heavy But we are still producing mainly lead acid Concerning weight some of you might remember nickel catmium Which is prohibited? Due to the toxic catmium The better thing is a nickel metal hydride. That's what you know from like normal the cylindrical battery-shaped Rechargeable batteries that's nickel metal hydride and then of course lithium ion technology We can bring in a lot of energy into These batteries and you all have that in a whole lot of devices But if that's still not enough We need to go to a different scale And we put all the batteries down there And now we come to hydrogen hydrogen is somewhere in that region And why is it in such a broad region? It's cause we have Hydrogen storage in materials which is essentially a sponge Sucking up hydrogen, but we have that additional material in the storage so it becomes heavier And it's low in the energy density by weight We have the gauges And the at 700 bar compressed and the liquefied so that's what makes up this this square But we see now we're very good in energy density by weight hydrogen is very light But by density we there's still Place above there and there where is where the sea-based Materials come in and for to give you some examples there We have methanol down there We have gasoline up there and that's also why an electric vehicle doesn't drive that far But it's like three times as heavy as a normal car. That's exactly the thing Why gasoline is so good and for my personal perspective? I can't imagine a jet flying with batteries because they would be too heavy We need some some fuel that drives them Which is lighter and denser? So Yeah, that's why the the carbon products are very interesting and Another thing Why carbon products are very interesting is because We know how to handle them. We have a large infrastructure all around the globe to transport them to store them to supply them to the Applications we know what to do. We just need to install Capacities to produce them from a renewable way But where are the downsides if we're looking at the downsides We come to that graph and I really want to Emphasize the work of the group of Andre Bader, which do a really great work in making this life cycle assessments of These technologies and what we see is The global warming impact measured in kilogram Cu2 equivalents so like greenhouse gases in general Coming from certain products we are producing by a carbon capture and utilization technique So we have this orange dotted lines or methane. We have this Violet line is jet fuel and different kinds of things and It's drawn over the global warming impact of the electricity we used to drive that process and The vertical line is fossil diesel So if we are above that line By driving that carbon capture and utilization cycle. We're producing more greenhouse gases Then just using fossil diesel And then we have this No, yeah, did I said a horizontal line? I think I said vertical line the horizontal line is the fossil diesel the the vertical lines are The grid mixes of certain countries the the intermediate grid mixes for example the one right out there at something like 370 Grams you the two equivalent per kilowatt hour. There is the you great mix proposed for 2020 Then we have the you great mix for 2050 which is still not sufficient to produce anything We have switch Switzerland with this which is on the border Of there could be something useful. We have France Which are very low in global warming impact of their electricity because they're using a lot of nuclear power Which is a total different discussion if that is by any means helpful, but but they could do something on that field and As at the best we have Iceland which has really high amount of Green electricity in their grid and we have the wind benchmark which is the technology was which is also not zero because we were producing for example a lot of concrete to be to to build the wind mill and that produces a lot of co2 But it's still the best technology. We have Global global warming impact wise So yeah, it makes only sense if we have a lot of very green electricity Going to the chemical sector We have a graph that it's slightly more complicated But it essentially says Shows the mass flows From fossil fuels to the 20 largest Chemicals produced from fossil fuels usually which have 75% of the greenhouse gas emissions of the chemical industry So that's like a model which can refer to basically the whole Chemical industry and they modeled it for these 20 chemicals And we see this fossil fuels are over different processes split up in what I said before ethyl and methanol polyolefins, so plastics Aromatics I didn't speak a lot about them, but or essentially not an ammonia Which is not a carbon base, but as I said we put in a lot of fossil fuels to to produce it Now what is the alternative of this thing, which is the proposal proposed mass flows so like the size of the line refers to a mass flow To this mass flows for which are proposed for 2030 for by just using fossil fuels on I Said when I showed you methanol I said something like methanol economy and They made a model. It's again work from from the group of Andre Bardo Where they basically use methanol as the central chemical chemistry because they say this is high in Technology readiness level so we could do that right away, but if you see that right The outcome should be the same like we're producing a certain amount of chemicals in 2030 maybe and Not Should not depend on on the way we produce it how much we need of it So actually we can scale that down here so if we make that and capture the carbon dioxide And use hydrogen by the way here the hydrogen you see the hydrogen mass flow going in this comes from water This is why a lot of water comes out of this reaction, which is the gray part On the top right part of the this methanol pathway And we would need to put in even more water and split it at the beginning cause some of the water For sure ends up in our products. That's why we are doing that So we would need to put in a whole lot of water To make that and we would have massive mass flow. So we would have a By many factors or by a huge factor larger chemical industry if we would do that Because we would also need plants to capture the carbon dioxide and so on and so on and Now the exact same question does that make sense and Here is two models. So I showed you the High TRL model, which is again technology readiness level. So can we do it today? Or is it something we could do maybe in future and the orange area is the we can Can maybe do that today? Area and it's the same graph plus as I shown you in the in the Electricity part or in the sorry in the energy part just the other way round like zero that time is on the on the right side And we see like again, we would need to have a whole lot of Renewable electricity, which is really clean not not a grid mix from today Yeah, now we can Come to another graphics like how much electricity would we need to do that? And this graph shows like the the different lines the colored lines are different Global warming impacts of the electricity I put in so zero would be the best Thinkable so I have zero emission electricity I put in so I go down that line and It's drawn over the additional electricity We need so how much do we need to install extra to what we have today? And on the sides the scales is cradled to grave greenhouse emissions, which is from my side the meaningful Thing because that says like how much greenhouse gases do I emit? From producing the chemical till degrading or burning it at the end of their life so how much extras you too comes out and The other side is cradled to gate which is more interesting for a company like I Take co2 and Make something with it. How much do I? produce from starting to my Factory gate where I ship the product and that's also why cradled to gate emissions can be Negative so we can store co2 there and they cannot be negative when we're looking at cradled to grave at least not if we're burning the product in the end of the lifetime and We see we need a lot of electricity The scale down there is in pet award hours and Just to give you a number the today's generation of electricity in total so not renewable electricity Electricity in total is something like 24 pet award hours So we would essentially need the same amount of electricity as we are producing today to Produce the chemicals in future in a renewable way keeping in mind that we also need the renewable electricity to make To make heat and mobility And there is the point where I say like There is this is nice technology and we can do a lot with that But The question is So from my point of view we cannot Reach that so we need definitely to reduce so we need to reduce in all the other ways We need to reduce chemicals we need to reduce all Kinds of energy usage and that on a severe level because we just don't have enough energy to make that or we are not from my perspective not able to produce in a sufficient timescale enough electricity to do so but we could still do something and Keep our like luxury level at least at some level for the next time and the next generations And at the end I would just want to show you very briefly where I think this energy might come from And I want to show you that map And this map is the basically the sun shining on the earth like the in in what per square meter Is that that colored scale? And there's a reason there's two reasons why I put that map the way you see it first because it's Anyway useful to change perspective from time to time and not be in the center of the world and the other thing is that Today it's very often that The southern hemisphere depends on the northern hemisphere for a lot of reasons But in that case we depend on the southern hemisphere and we want to make that in a social and fair way and not in a New colonial way we essentially need to go to them and ask them. Would you please generate? Energy-carrying products for us because we need them other ways Otherwise our society will break apart because of this drop in luxury We can't just can't afford for our society a society and what I would do in in large scale is putting there down there concentrate Solar power plants which are really able to produce very high amounts of electricity in a fairly easy way on on on small small scale and you can produce like all day and night if you because you can store the heat in in the in the liquid salt And you could place like plants there which produce for example methanol and ship it to us like yeah in in that way and Yeah, with that I think I have some few minutes left, but I'm already At the end of the talk and I thank you for your kind attention But for the questions, I want to just start something you see the source here Climate clock a clock.net to just show you how severe the discussion is Yeah, and with that again. Thank you for your attention and I'm happy to try to answer your questions all right Since there's a longer break after this talk we can take a couple of questions So if you have a question for Jonas, please come to one of the two microphones in the room and ask a brief and concise question So we can Be quick about it, but maybe there are actually no questions Or maybe one. Yeah Right go ahead great talk How are we gonna capture all the co2 because that's infrastructure isn't there yet There is info so the infrastructure is not there But the technology is there especially when concerning point sources Like going to some factory which produces co2 there We need to keep in mind that deal between Renewable electricity like what is the footprint of our electricity and what are we producing but we have some processes like? For example concrete production were inherently in the process We are producing co2 that could be one option and there are some startups around the world who are making direct air capture And who are quite efficiently? especially if they have Heat source or weight he was heat source around They can very efficiently capture already today very pure co2 from from ambient air around us So the technology is there the infrastructure is not All right, then we're just gonna take that last question, please You mentioned that we need about the same amount of electrical energy that we have today for this power to x so What amount of power of electricity do we have renewable installed today? I actually have no idea about the worldwide Installed electricity. I know that we are in Germany where we always say we are very good Where we actually are not like our footprint is something around 450 if you remember the scale before that's on the far outside end of this graphs in like the intermediate value over the year Yeah, I think there there is one page I can recommend to you electricity map where they collect data like this and you can see like how green is the electricity in different countries But yeah, basically, I don't know I know that the Chinese are producing a whole lot of renewable energies Even if they are still building coal plants, but they are really going on on with that. So It's getting better, but it's still way too slow Yeah All right. Thank you so much for taking the questions. Thanks for the great talk and that concludes our Q&A session Thanks, Jonas


During this module, we are looking into assessment of risk in different situations. The risk assessment process is a careful examination of what could cause harm, who and what could be harmed and how. So, you know, this is something very trivial to see that harm could come in many shapes and forms and who are possible audiences for facing that harm and how we can avoid that. It helps to determine what risk control measures are needed, if existing resources and facilities are adequate to ensure risk control or if project needs to be altered accordingly. Once it has been identified that the certain risks and harms are there, so, can our project already have capable sources to deal with them? There are two main elements associated with probability and magnitude of harm. The first one is probability of harm. It is the likelihood that the specific harm might occur, but not all possible harms are equally probable. The second one is magnitude of such harm, that how much it is, you know, dangerous, how much it is intense and how we can, you know, eliminate that harm because the magnitude is either low or the magnitude is either strong. It may not be possible to identify clearly probability and magnitude of risk in a study. Giving you an example, asking college students to write about the worst thing that have ever happened to them is unlikely to cause serious stress and there is no way to know how much. Like we cannot say that when an individual explores his past memories and he is going to write about something worst ever happened to him, then what can happen? Because that is something which lies in his memory and no matter how much he is distressed or how painful he is, we cannot identify that how much harm and magnitude of that harm might occur. So, researchers need to be prepared to respond to distress and how can they prepare themselves If, you know, a bad memory is so intense that it can even lead towards, you know, triggering that memory or what trigger hokar usko koi panic attack aksakta hai, usko koi PTSD ki clear flash back memories aksakti hai, usko koi asa attack hosakta hai, jo ke uswag researcher ke liye manage karna juh hai, wo agar usne pehre se preparation nahi kiwi toh difficult hosakta hai. So, in these situations, hme emergency me backup ke upar jo hai, wo ek therapist ki bhi zurorat hai, hme uswag care ke liye hospitalization ki zurorat bhi prsakti hai, hme uswag koi emergency situation ko handle karne ke liye social workers ki zurorat bhi prsakti hai. Then, situation and time, few risks are specific to time, situation and culture, thus, what may be a socially sensitive issue or topic at one time or place may not be so at another time. For instance, agar iss wagth hme social media ki baat karthi hai, ke uska jo hai, wo safe use kita important hai, probabili aad se 10 saal ke baad hme nahi pata ke, wo bhaat zada important hojaya gaya, wo unimportant hojaya. Similarly, agar hme prsapas me jaayin, toh we used to see ke bohat saare wo bombing attacks hua karte hai, trains ke tracks ke upar. Uswag agar researches koi opinion survey kar hai about traveling in a train, in a public train aur uske saath saath unhi days ki hendar isra ke incidents ho rahe hai, the day the researcher is going to conduct a research aur last night koi train me blast ho jaayin to uske jo opinions hai wo public ke totally different hoonge, rada den ke boh kisi aur point of time par, wo hi same survey jo hai wo conduct fare. For example, asking a woman if they had abortion would carry very different risks in different culture and their religious and legal attitude towards it. Now this is something which could be considered very different in different cultures, in different social settings, in different religions and even at times in different societies. So within a country, in different societies, this could be seen in a very different way. So hum pehle se ye assess nahi kar sakte, ke uski jo magnitude hai wo kitna bada hoega, lekin it depends on the situation and time. Then participants' population also matters a lot. He ne jis population se hum jaakar questions pooch nahi hai, at times ye bhi determine karna muskil hota hai, ke uss population ke liye uska harm zyada hoega yakam. This will differ according to the participants' population too. For example, purchasing tobacco product is generally illegal for teenagers but not for adults. So while studying efficiency of smoking cessation intervention in adults and teenagers, assessment of risk for teenagers should consider that study may focus on illegal activity. Like wo hi cheez agar hum ek specific age group ke logon par apply kare hain, to un ke liye shahid wo illegal hai, ekin agar hum baaki logon ke liye kare hain, to that may not be found to be illegal. So differences between the participants' population means a lot. Agar hum ek driving ke aptitude ka test kare hain, aur uske andar hum kate hain ke at certain point of a time the driver is asked to drive as fast as he can. So the participants of that population, if they are below 18 or if they are of a very old age, they may not be the suitable participants aur un se ye experiment karana bahut riski hoega. Rather than to the participants who are appropriate of age and who are an illegal age of driving aur jinn ke pas driving license hai, and they are not too young or too old to participate in that specific research. So these are the three points which are very important for the assessment of risk in population and research ethics ke jo guidelines hain, ko in risk assessment ke saath saath define karthi hain ke hum ekko kishthra se minimise kar sakte hain.